diff --git a/makefile b/makefile
index 646e823..b9a2bc6 100644
--- a/makefile
+++ b/makefile
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ OBJS = \
 	ui/render/render.obj \
 	ui/render/gl.obj \
 	ui/render/glproc.obj \
+	ui/render/d3d9.obj \
 	ui/render/d3d11.obj \
 	ui/render/d3d12.obj \
 	ui/render/ui.obj \
@@ -73,6 +74,7 @@ LIBS = \
 	ole32.lib \
 	oleaut32.lib \
 	opengl32.lib \
+	d3d9.lib \
 	d3d11.lib \
 	d3d12.lib \
 	dxgi.lib \
diff --git a/parsec.dll b/parsec.dll
index 4dc3396..90b0b60 100644
Binary files a/parsec.dll and b/parsec.dll differ
diff --git a/ui/include/parsec-dso.h b/ui/include/parsec-dso.h
index 1e658f0..6374279 100644
--- a/ui/include/parsec-dso.h
+++ b/ui/include/parsec-dso.h
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ static ParsecStatus ParsecInit(ParsecConfig *cfg, void *reserved, char *path, Pa
 	GETPROC(ctx, ParsecHostSubmitCursor);
 	GETPROC(ctx, ParsecHostSubmitRumble);
 	GETPROC(ctx, ParsecHostGLSubmitFrame);
+	GETPROC(ctx, ParsecHostD3D9SubmitFrame);
 	GETPROC(ctx, ParsecHostD3D11SubmitFrame);
 
 	ctx->api.ParsecInit(PARSEC_VER, cfg, reserved, &ctx->ps);
@@ -154,6 +155,7 @@ static ParsecStatus ParsecInit(ParsecConfig *cfg, void *reserved, char *path, Pa
 #define ParsecHostSubmitCursor(dso, ...)     dso->api.ParsecHostSubmitCursor(dso->ps, __VA_ARGS__)
 #define ParsecHostSubmitRumble(dso, ...)     dso->api.ParsecHostSubmitRumble(dso->ps, __VA_ARGS__)
 #define ParsecHostGLSubmitFrame(dso, ...)    dso->api.ParsecHostGLSubmitFrame(dso->ps, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define ParsecHostD3D9SubmitFrame(dso, ...)  dso->api.ParsecHostD3D9SubmitFrame(dso->ps, __VA_ARGS__)
 #define ParsecHostD3D11SubmitFrame(dso, ...) dso->api.ParsecHostD3D11SubmitFrame(dso->ps, __VA_ARGS__)
 
 #if defined(_WIN32)
diff --git a/ui/include/parsec.h b/ui/include/parsec.h
index 2c61c71..84ff5f3 100644
--- a/ui/include/parsec.h
+++ b/ui/include/parsec.h
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 #define PARSEC_VER \
 	((uint32_t) (((uint16_t) PARSEC_VER_MAJOR << 16u) | ((uint16_t) PARSEC_VER_MINOR)))
 
-/// @brief Default ::Parsec instance confgiuration passed to ::ParsecInit.
+/// @brief Default ::Parsec instance configuration passed to ::ParsecInit.
 #define PARSEC_DEFAULTS {   \
 	/*upnp       */ 1,      \
 	/*clientPort */ 0,      \
@@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ typedef struct ParsecMouseWheelMessage {
 typedef struct ParsecMouseMotionMessage {
 	int32_t x;     ///< The absolute horizontal screen coordinate of the cursor  if `relative` is `false`, or the delta (can be negative) if `relative` is `true`.
 	int32_t y;     ///< The absolute vertical screen coordinate of the cursor if `relative` is `false`, or the delta (can be negative) if `relative` is `true`.
-	bool relative; ///< `true` for relative mode, `false` for absolute mode. See above.
+	bool relative; ///< `true` for relative mode, `false` for absolute mode. See details.
 	uint8_t __pad[3];
 } ParsecMouseMotionMessage;
 
@@ -708,9 +708,9 @@ typedef struct ParsecClientConfig {
 	int32_t decoderSoftware; ///< `true` to force decoding of video frames via a software implementation.
 	int32_t mediaContainer;  ///< ::ParsecContainer value.
 	int32_t protocol;        ///< ::ParsecProtocol value.
-	int32_t resolutionX;     ///< See above.
-	int32_t resolutionY;     ///< See above.
-	int32_t refreshRate;     ///< See above.
+	int32_t resolutionX;     ///< See details.
+	int32_t resolutionY;     ///< See details.
+	int32_t refreshRate;     ///< See details.
 	bool pngCursor;          ///< `true` to return compressed PNG cursor images during ::ParsecClientPollEvents, `false` to return a 32-bit RGBA image.
 	uint8_t __pad[3];
 } ParsecClientConfig;
@@ -826,6 +826,14 @@ typedef struct Parsec Parsec;
 /// @details Passed to ::ParsecHostGLSubmitFrame. Prevents obligatory include of GL headers.
 typedef uint32_t ParsecGLuint;
 
+/// @brief D3D9 `IDirect3DDevice9`.
+/// @details Passed to ::ParsecHostD3D9SubmitFrame. Prevents obligatory include of d3d9.h.
+typedef void ParsecD3D9Device;
+
+/// @brief D3D9 `IDirect3DSurface9`.
+/// @details Passed to ::ParsecHostD3D9SubmitFrame. Prevents obligatory include of d3d9.h.
+typedef void ParsecD3D9Surface;
+
 /// @brief D3D11 `ID3D11Device`.
 /// @details Passed to ::ParsecHostD3D11SubmitFrame. Prevents obligatory include of d3d11.h.
 typedef void ParsecD3D11Device;
@@ -896,6 +904,7 @@ typedef void (*ParsecAudioCallback)(int16_t *pcm, uint32_t frames, void *opaque)
 #define ParsecHostSubmitCursor     (*ParsecHostSubmitCursor)
 #define ParsecHostSubmitRumble     (*ParsecHostSubmitRumble)
 #define ParsecHostGLSubmitFrame    (*ParsecHostGLSubmitFrame)
+#define ParsecHostD3D9SubmitFrame  (*ParsecHostD3D9SubmitFrame)
 #define ParsecHostD3D11SubmitFrame (*ParsecHostD3D11SubmitFrame)
 
 typedef struct ParsecAPI {
@@ -1068,7 +1077,7 @@ ParsecClientSendUserData(Parsec *ps, uint32_t id, char *text);
 ///     ::HOST_GAME requires that the application call ::ParsecHostSubmitAudio and ::ParsecHostD3D11SubmitFrame
 ///     (or similar) to push data to guests, and call ::ParsecHostPollInput to process input from guests.
 /// @param[in] ps ::Parsec instance returned by ::ParsecInit.
-/// @param[in] mode Host mode of operation. See above.
+/// @param[in] mode Host mode of operation. See details.
 /// @param[in] cfg Host configuration. May be updated later via ::ParsecHostSetConfig. May be `NULL`
 ///     to use ::PARSEC_HOST_DEFAULTS.
 /// @param[in] sessionID Session ID obtained via the [Parsec API](https://github.com/parsec-cloud/parsec-sdk/tree/master/api/public).
@@ -1195,6 +1204,14 @@ ParsecHostSubmitRumble(Parsec *ps, uint32_t guestID, uint32_t gamepadID, uint8_t
 EXPORT ParsecStatus
 ParsecHostGLSubmitFrame(Parsec *ps, ParsecGLuint frame);
 
+/// @brief Submit rendered D3D9 frame to connected guests. ::HOST_GAME only. Windows only.
+/// @param[in] ps ::Parsec instance returned by ::ParsecInit.
+/// @param[in] device Cast to `IDirect3DDevice9 *` used within your render loop.
+/// @param[in] frame Cast to `IDirect3DSurface9 *` representing a rendered frame.
+/// @returns ::PARSEC_OK if the frame was submitted successfully, otherwise a ::ParsecStatus error value.
+EXPORT ParsecStatus
+ParsecHostD3D9SubmitFrame(Parsec *ps, ParsecD3D9Device *device, ParsecD3D9Surface *frame);
+
 /// @brief Submit rendered D3D11 frame to connected guests. ::HOST_GAME only. Windows only.
 /// @param[in] ps ::Parsec instance returned by ::ParsecInit.
 /// @param[in] device Cast to `ID3D11Device *` used within your render loop.
@@ -1241,6 +1258,7 @@ ParsecHostD3D11SubmitFrame(Parsec *ps, ParsecD3D11Device *device, ParsecD3D11Dev
 #undef ParsecHostSubmitCursor
 #undef ParsecHostSubmitRumble
 #undef ParsecHostGLSubmitFrame
+#undef ParsecHostD3D9SubmitFrame
 #undef ParsecHostD3D11SubmitFrame
 #endif
 
diff --git a/ui/render/d3d9.cpp b/ui/render/d3d9.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6dbe029
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ui/render/d3d9.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,401 @@
+#include "d3d9.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <math.h>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <d3d9.h>
+
+#include "shaders/d3d9/vs.h"
+#include "shaders/d3d9/ps.h"
+
+#define DUMMY_WIN_CLASS "d3d9_dummy_window"
+
+struct d3d9 {
+	D3DDISPLAYMODEEX mode;
+	IDirect3D9Ex *factory;
+	IDirect3DDevice9Ex *device;
+	IDirect3DDevice9 *device_og;
+	IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex *swap_chain;
+	IDirect3DVertexShader9 *vs;
+	IDirect3DPixelShader9 *ps;
+	IDirect3DVertexBuffer9 *vb;
+	IDirect3DVertexDeclaration9 *vd;
+	IDirect3DIndexBuffer9 *ib;
+	IDirect3DTexture9 *tex;
+	IDirect3DSurface9 *render_target;
+
+	HWND hwnd;
+	bool vsync;
+	bool scene_begun;
+	bool headless;
+	enum sampler sampler;
+	uint32_t w;
+	uint32_t h;
+};
+
+void d3d9_set_sampler(struct render_mod *mod, enum sampler sampler)
+{
+	struct d3d9 *d3d9 = (struct d3d9 *) mod;
+
+	d3d9->sampler = sampler;
+}
+
+static LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
+{
+	return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
+}
+
+int32_t d3d9_init(struct render_mod **mod_out, void *window, bool vsync,
+	uint32_t width, uint32_t height, enum sampler sampler)
+{
+	struct d3d9 **d3d9_out = (struct d3d9 **) mod_out;
+	struct d3d9 *d3d9 = *d3d9_out = (struct d3d9 *) calloc(1, sizeof(struct d3d9));
+	d3d9->hwnd = (HWND) window;
+	d3d9->sampler = sampler;
+	d3d9->vsync = vsync;
+
+	int32_t r = 0;
+	D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS pp = {0};
+	IDirect3DSwapChain9 *swap_chain = NULL;
+
+	if (!d3d9->hwnd) {
+		d3d9->headless = true;
+
+		WNDCLASSEX wx = {0};
+		wx.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
+		wx.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC) WndProc;
+		wx.hInstance = GetModuleHandle(NULL);
+		wx.lpszClassName = DUMMY_WIN_CLASS;
+
+		ATOM a = RegisterClassEx(&wx);
+		if (a == 0) {printf("RegisterClassEx=0\n"); r = -1; goto except;}
+
+		d3d9->hwnd = CreateWindowEx(0, DUMMY_WIN_CLASS, NULL, WS_POPUP,
+			0, 0, 1, 1, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+		if (!d3d9->hwnd) {printf("CreateWindowEx=NULL\n"); r = -1; goto except;}
+	}
+
+	int32_t e = Direct3DCreate9Ex(D3D_SDK_VERSION, &d3d9->factory);
+	if (e != D3D_OK) {printf("Direct3DCreate9Ex=%d\n", e); r = -1; goto except;}
+
+	d3d9->mode.Size = sizeof(D3DDISPLAYMODEEX);
+	e = d3d9->factory->GetAdapterDisplayModeEx(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, &d3d9->mode, NULL);
+	if (e != D3D_OK) {printf("GetAdapterDisplayModeEx=%d\n", e); r = -1; goto except;}
+
+	pp.BackBufferFormat = d3d9->mode.Format;
+	pp.BackBufferCount = 1;
+	pp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_FLIPEX;
+	pp.hDeviceWindow = d3d9->hwnd;
+	pp.Windowed = TRUE;
+	pp.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_ONE;
+
+	DWORD flags = D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING | D3DCREATE_ENABLE_PRESENTSTATS |
+		D3DCREATE_PUREDEVICE | D3DCREATE_NOWINDOWCHANGES | D3DCREATE_MULTITHREADED |
+		D3DCREATE_DISABLE_PSGP_THREADING;
+
+	e = d3d9->factory->CreateDeviceEx(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, d3d9->hwnd,
+		flags, &pp, NULL, &d3d9->device);
+	if (e != D3D_OK) {printf("CreateDeviceEx=%d\n", e); r = -1; goto except;}
+
+	e = d3d9->device->QueryInterface(__uuidof(IDirect3DDevice9), (void **) &d3d9->device_og);
+	if (e != D3D_OK) {printf("QueryInterface=%d\n", e); r = -1; goto except;}
+
+	if (!d3d9->headless) {
+		e = d3d9->device->GetSwapChain(0, &swap_chain);
+		if (e != D3D_OK) {printf("GetSwapChain=%d\n", e); r = -1; goto except;}
+
+		e = swap_chain->QueryInterface(__uuidof(IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex), (void **) &d3d9->swap_chain);
+		if (e != D3D_OK) {printf("QueryInterface=%d\n", e); r = -1; goto except;}
+
+		e = d3d9->device->SetMaximumFrameLatency(1);
+		if (e != S_OK) {printf("SetMaximumFrameLatency=%d\n", e); r = -1; goto except;}
+	}
+
+	e = d3d9->device->CreateVertexShader((DWORD *) VS, &d3d9->vs);
+	if (e != D3D_OK) {printf("CreateVertexShader=%d\n", e); r = -1; goto except;}
+
+	e = d3d9->device->CreatePixelShader((DWORD *) PS, &d3d9->ps);
+	if (e != D3D_OK) {printf("CreatePixelShader=%d\n", e); r = -1; goto except;}
+
+	//vertex buffer
+	float vertex_data[] = {
+		-1.0f, -1.0f,  // position0 (bottom-left)
+		 0.0f,  1.0f,  // texcoord0
+		-1.0f,  1.0f,  // position1 (top-left)
+		 0.0f,  0.0f,  // texcoord1
+		 1.0f,  1.0f,  // position2 (top-right)
+		 1.0f,  0.0f,  // texcoord2
+		 1.0f, -1.0f,  // position3 (bottom-right)
+		 1.0f,  1.0f,  // texcoord3
+	};
+
+	e = d3d9->device->CreateVertexBuffer(sizeof(vertex_data), 0, D3DUSAGE_DYNAMIC | D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY,
+		D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &d3d9->vb, NULL);
+	if (e != D3D_OK) {printf("CreateVertexBuffer=%d\n", e); r = -1; goto except;}
+
+	char *ptr = NULL;
+	e = d3d9->vb->Lock(0, 0, (void **) &ptr, D3DLOCK_DISCARD);
+	if (e != D3D_OK) {printf("Lock=%d\n", e); r = -1; goto except;}
+
+	memcpy(ptr, vertex_data, sizeof(vertex_data));
+
+	e = d3d9->vb->Unlock();
+	if (e != D3D_OK) {printf("Unlock=%d\n", e); r = -1; goto except;}
+
+	//vertex declaration (input layout)
+	D3DVERTEXELEMENT9 dec[] = {
+		{0, 0, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT2, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_POSITION, 0},
+		{0, 2 * sizeof(float), D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT2, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD, 0},
+		D3DDECL_END()
+	};
+
+	e = d3d9->device->CreateVertexDeclaration(dec, &d3d9->vd);
+	if (e != D3D_OK) {printf("CreateVertexDeclaration=%d\n", e); r = -1; goto except;}
+
+	//index buffer
+	DWORD index_data[] = {
+		0, 1, 2,
+		2, 3, 0
+	};
+
+	e = d3d9->device->CreateIndexBuffer(sizeof(index_data), D3DUSAGE_DYNAMIC | D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY, D3DFMT_INDEX32,
+		D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &d3d9->ib, NULL);
+	if (e != D3D_OK) {printf("CreateIndexBuffer=%d\n", e); r = -1; goto except;}
+
+	e = d3d9->ib->Lock(0, 0, (void **) &ptr, D3DLOCK_DISCARD);
+	if (e != D3D_OK) {printf("Lock=%d\n", e); r = -1; goto except;}
+
+	memcpy(ptr, index_data, sizeof(index_data));
+
+	e = d3d9->ib->Unlock();
+	if (e != D3D_OK) {printf("Unlock=%d\n", e); r = -1; goto except;}
+
+	e = d3d9->device->CreateTexture(width, height, 1, D3DUSAGE_DYNAMIC,
+		D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8, D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &d3d9->tex, NULL);
+	if (e != D3D_OK) {printf("CreateTexture=%d\n", e); r = -1; goto except;}
+
+	except:
+
+	if (swap_chain)
+		swap_chain->Release();
+
+	if (r != 0)
+		d3d9_destroy(mod_out);
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+void d3d9_destroy(struct render_mod **mod_out)
+{
+	struct d3d9 **d3d9_out = (struct d3d9 **) mod_out;
+
+	if (d3d9_out == NULL || *d3d9_out == NULL)
+		return;
+
+	struct d3d9 *d3d9 = *d3d9_out;
+
+	if (d3d9->render_target)
+		d3d9->render_target->Release();
+
+	if (d3d9->tex)
+		d3d9->tex->Release();
+
+	if (d3d9->ib)
+		d3d9->ib->Release();
+
+	if (d3d9->vd)
+		d3d9->vd->Release();
+
+	if (d3d9->vb)
+		d3d9->vb->Release();
+
+	if (d3d9->ps)
+		d3d9->ps->Release();
+
+	if (d3d9->vs)
+		d3d9->vs->Release();
+
+	if (d3d9->swap_chain)
+		d3d9->swap_chain->Release();
+
+	if (d3d9->device_og)
+		d3d9->device_og->Release();
+
+	if (d3d9->device)
+		d3d9->device->Release();
+
+	if (d3d9->factory)
+		d3d9->factory->Release();
+
+	if (d3d9->headless) {
+		if (d3d9->hwnd)
+			DestroyWindow(d3d9->hwnd);
+
+		UnregisterClass(DUMMY_WIN_CLASS, GetModuleHandle(NULL));
+	}
+
+	free(d3d9);
+	*d3d9_out = NULL;
+}
+
+void d3d9_get_device(struct render_mod *mod, struct render_device **device, struct render_context **context)
+{
+	struct d3d9 *d3d9 = (struct d3d9 *) mod;
+
+	*device = (struct render_device *) d3d9->device;
+	*context = NULL;
+}
+
+static void d3d9_set_viewport(struct d3d9 *d3d9, uint32_t window_w, uint32_t window_h, float ratio)
+{
+	D3DVIEWPORT9 viewport = {0};
+	viewport.Width = window_w;
+	viewport.Height = lrint((float) viewport.Width / ratio);
+	viewport.MinZ = 0.0f;
+	viewport.MaxZ = 0.0f;
+
+	if ((float) window_h / 240.0f < ((float) window_w / ratio) / 256.0f) {
+		viewport.Height = window_h;
+		viewport.Width = lrint((float) viewport.Height * ratio);
+	}
+
+	viewport.X = (viewport.Width > window_w) ? 0 : (window_w - viewport.Width) / 2;
+	viewport.Y = (viewport.Height > window_h) ? 0 : (window_h - viewport.Height) / 2;
+
+	int32_t e = d3d9->device->SetViewport(&viewport);
+	if (e != D3D_OK) printf("SetViewport=%d\n", e);
+}
+
+void d3d9_draw(struct render_mod *mod, uint32_t window_w, uint32_t window_h, uint32_t *pixels, uint32_t aspect)
+{
+	struct d3d9 *d3d9 = (struct d3d9 *) mod;
+
+	D3DLOCKED_RECT rect = {0};
+
+	D3DVIEWPORT9 viewport = {0};
+	viewport.Width = window_w;
+	viewport.Height = window_h;
+
+	int32_t e = d3d9->device->SetViewport(&viewport);
+	if (e != D3D_OK) {printf("SetViewport=%d\n", e); goto except;}
+
+	e = d3d9->device->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 0), 1.0f, 0);
+	if (e != D3D_OK) {printf("Clear=%d\n", e); goto except;}
+
+	e = d3d9->device->BeginScene();
+	if (e != D3D_OK) {printf("BeginScene=%d\n", e); goto except;}
+	d3d9->scene_begun = true;
+
+	e = d3d9->tex->LockRect(0, &rect, NULL, D3DLOCK_DISCARD);
+	if (e != D3D_OK) {printf("LockRect=%d\n", e); goto except;}
+
+	for (int32_t y = 0; y < 240; y++)
+		memcpy((uint8_t *) rect.pBits + (y * rect.Pitch), pixels + y * 256, sizeof(uint32_t) * 256);
+
+	e = d3d9->tex->UnlockRect(0);
+	if (e != D3D_OK) {printf("UnlockRect=%d\n", e); goto except;}
+
+	if (!d3d9->render_target || window_w != d3d9->w || window_h != d3d9->h) {
+		if (!d3d9->headless) {
+			D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS pp = {0};
+			pp.BackBufferFormat = d3d9->mode.Format;
+			pp.BackBufferCount = 1;
+			pp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_FLIPEX;
+			pp.hDeviceWindow = d3d9->hwnd;
+			pp.Windowed = TRUE;
+			pp.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_ONE;
+
+			e = d3d9->device->ResetEx(&pp, NULL);
+			if (e != D3D_OK) {printf("ResetEx=%d\n", e); goto except;}
+		}
+
+		if (d3d9->render_target) {
+			d3d9->render_target->Release();
+			d3d9->render_target = NULL;
+		}
+
+		d3d9->w = window_w;
+		d3d9->h = window_h;
+
+		e = d3d9->device->CreateRenderTarget(window_w, window_h, D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8, D3DMULTISAMPLE_NONE,
+			0, false, &d3d9->render_target, NULL);
+		if (e != D3D_OK) {printf("CreateRenderTarget=%d\n", e); goto except;}
+
+	}
+
+	d3d9->device->SetRenderTarget(0, d3d9->render_target);
+
+	d3d9_set_viewport(d3d9, window_w, window_h, ASPECT_RATIO(aspect));
+
+	//vertex/index state
+	d3d9->device->SetVertexShader(d3d9->vs);
+	d3d9->device->SetStreamSource(0, d3d9->vb, 0, 4 * sizeof(float));
+	d3d9->device->SetVertexDeclaration(d3d9->vd);
+	d3d9->device->SetIndices(d3d9->ib);
+
+	float texel_offset[4] = {-1.0f / (float) window_w, 1.0f / (float) window_h, 0.0f, 0.0f};
+	d3d9->device->SetVertexShaderConstantF(0, texel_offset, 1);
+
+	//pixel shader
+	d3d9->device->SetPixelShader(d3d9->ps);
+	d3d9->device->SetTexture(0, d3d9->tex);
+
+	//sampler state
+	d3d9->device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_ADDRESSU, D3DTADDRESS_CLAMP);
+	d3d9->device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_ADDRESSV, D3DTADDRESS_CLAMP);
+	d3d9->device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_ADDRESSW, D3DTADDRESS_CLAMP);
+
+	if (d3d9->sampler == SAMPLE_LINEAR) {
+		d3d9->device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER, D3DTEXF_LINEAR);
+		d3d9->device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MINFILTER, D3DTEXF_LINEAR);
+
+	} else {
+		d3d9->device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER, D3DTEXF_POINT);
+		d3d9->device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MINFILTER, D3DTEXF_POINT);
+	}
+
+	e = d3d9->device->DrawIndexedPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 0, 4, 0, 2);
+	if (e != D3D_OK) {printf("DrawIndexedPrimitive=%d\n", e); return;}
+
+	except:
+
+	return;
+}
+
+enum ParsecStatus d3d9_submit_parsec(struct render_mod *mod, ParsecDSO *parsec)
+{
+	struct d3d9 *d3d9 = (struct d3d9 *) mod;
+
+	return ParsecHostD3D9SubmitFrame(parsec, d3d9->device_og, d3d9->render_target);
+}
+
+void d3d9_present(struct render_mod *mod)
+{
+	struct d3d9 *d3d9 = (struct d3d9 *) mod;
+
+	if (d3d9->scene_begun) {
+		d3d9->scene_begun = false;
+
+		int32_t e = d3d9->device->EndScene();
+
+		if (e == D3D_OK) {
+			if (!d3d9->headless) {
+				IDirect3DSurface9 *back_buffer = NULL;
+				e = d3d9->swap_chain->GetBackBuffer(0, D3DBACKBUFFER_TYPE_MONO, &back_buffer);
+				if (e != D3D_OK) {printf("GetBackBuffer=%d\n", e); return;}
+
+				e = d3d9->device->StretchRect(d3d9->render_target, NULL, back_buffer, NULL, D3DTEXF_NONE);
+				back_buffer->Release();
+				if (e != D3D_OK) {printf("StretchRect=%d\n", e); return;}
+			}
+
+			e = d3d9->device->PresentEx(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
+			if (e != D3D_OK && e != S_PRESENT_OCCLUDED && e != S_PRESENT_MODE_CHANGED)
+				{printf("PresentEx=%d\n", e); return;}
+
+		} else {
+			printf("EndScene=%d\n", e);
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/ui/render/d3d9.h b/ui/render/d3d9.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab41a5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ui/render/d3d9.h
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "parsec-dso.h"
+
+#include "mod.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+int32_t d3d9_init(struct render_mod **mod_out, void *window, bool vsync,
+	uint32_t width, uint32_t height, enum sampler sampler);
+void d3d9_destroy(struct render_mod **mod_out);
+void d3d9_get_device(struct render_mod *mod, struct render_device **device, struct render_context **context);
+void d3d9_draw(struct render_mod *mod, uint32_t window_w, uint32_t window_h, uint32_t *pixels, uint32_t aspect);
+enum ParsecStatus d3d9_submit_parsec(struct render_mod *mod, ParsecDSO *parsec);
+void d3d9_present(struct render_mod *mod);
+void d3d9_set_sampler(struct render_mod *mod, enum sampler sampler);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/ui/render/mod.h b/ui/render/mod.h
index ffeee66..0303cc5 100644
--- a/ui/render/mod.h
+++ b/ui/render/mod.h
@@ -22,8 +22,9 @@ enum render_mode {
 	RENDER_GL    = 1,
 
 	#if defined(_WIN32)
-	RENDER_D3D11 = 2,
-	RENDER_D3D12 = 3,
+	RENDER_D3D9  = 2,
+	RENDER_D3D11 = 3,
+	RENDER_D3D12 = 4,
 
 	#elif defined(__APPLE__)
 	RENDER_METAL = 2,
diff --git a/ui/render/render.c b/ui/render/render.c
index 295f3b1..4211fd1 100644
--- a/ui/render/render.c
+++ b/ui/render/render.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 
 #if defined(_WIN32)
+	#include "d3d9.h"
 	#include "d3d11.h"
 	#include "d3d12.h"
 
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ static struct render_callbacks CBS[] = {
 	[RENDER_GL]    = {gl_init,    gl_destroy,    gl_get_device,    gl_draw,    gl_submit_parsec,    gl_present,    gl_set_sampler},
 
 	#if defined(_WIN32)
+	[RENDER_D3D9]  = {d3d9_init,  d3d9_destroy,  d3d9_get_device,  d3d9_draw,  d3d9_submit_parsec,  d3d9_present,  d3d9_set_sampler},
 	[RENDER_D3D11] = {d3d11_init, d3d11_destroy, d3d11_get_device, d3d11_draw, d3d11_submit_parsec, d3d11_present, d3d11_set_sampler},
 	[RENDER_D3D12] = {d3d12_init, d3d12_destroy, d3d12_get_device, d3d12_draw, d3d12_submit_parsec, d3d12_present, d3d12_set_sampler},
 
diff --git a/ui/render/shaders/d3d9/makefile b/ui/render/shaders/d3d9/makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4845ac2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ui/render/shaders/d3d9/makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+all: clear
+	fxc /nologo /O3 /Ges /Fh vs.h /T vs_3_0 /Vn VS vs.hlsl
+	fxc /nologo /O3 /Ges /Fh ps.h /T ps_3_0 /Vn PS ps.hlsl
+
+clear:
+	cls
diff --git a/ui/render/shaders/d3d9/ps.h b/ui/render/shaders/d3d9/ps.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..505d595
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ui/render/shaders/d3d9/ps.h
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#if 0
+//
+// Generated by Microsoft (R) HLSL Shader Compiler 10.1
+//
+// Parameters:
+//
+//   Texture2D ss+frame;
+//
+//
+// Registers:
+//
+//   Name         Reg   Size
+//   ------------ ----- ----
+//   ss+frame     s0       1
+//
+
+    ps_3_0
+    dcl_texcoord v0.xy
+    dcl_2d s0
+    texld r0, v0, s0
+    mov oC0, r0.zyxw
+
+// approximately 2 instruction slots used (1 texture, 1 arithmetic)
+#endif
+
+const BYTE PS[] =
+{
+      0,   3, 255, 255, 254, 255, 
+     32,   0,  67,  84,  65,  66, 
+     28,   0,   0,   0,  83,   0, 
+      0,   0,   0,   3, 255, 255, 
+      1,   0,   0,   0,  28,   0, 
+      0,   0,   0, 137,   0,   0, 
+     76,   0,   0,   0,  48,   0, 
+      0,   0,   3,   0,   0,   0, 
+      1,   0,   0,   0,  60,   0, 
+      0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0, 
+    115, 115,  43, 102, 114,  97, 
+    109, 101,   0, 171, 171, 171, 
+      4,   0,   7,   0,   1,   0, 
+      4,   0,   1,   0,   0,   0, 
+      0,   0,   0,   0, 112, 115, 
+     95,  51,  95,  48,   0,  77, 
+    105,  99, 114, 111, 115, 111, 
+    102, 116,  32,  40,  82,  41, 
+     32,  72,  76,  83,  76,  32, 
+     83, 104,  97, 100, 101, 114, 
+     32,  67, 111, 109, 112, 105, 
+    108, 101, 114,  32,  49,  48, 
+     46,  49,   0, 171,  31,   0, 
+      0,   2,   5,   0,   0, 128, 
+      0,   0,   3, 144,  31,   0, 
+      0,   2,   0,   0,   0, 144, 
+      0,   8,  15, 160,  66,   0, 
+      0,   3,   0,   0,  15, 128, 
+      0,   0, 228, 144,   0,   8, 
+    228, 160,   1,   0,   0,   2, 
+      0,   8,  15, 128,   0,   0, 
+    198, 128, 255, 255,   0,   0
+};
diff --git a/ui/render/shaders/d3d9/ps.hlsl b/ui/render/shaders/d3d9/ps.hlsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8726bb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ui/render/shaders/d3d9/ps.hlsl
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+struct VS_OUTPUT {
+	float4 position : SV_POSITION;
+	float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD;
+};
+
+SamplerState ss {
+};
+
+Texture2D frame: register(t0);
+
+float4 main(VS_OUTPUT input) : SV_TARGET
+{
+	float4 rgba = frame.Sample(ss, input.texcoord);
+	return float4(rgba.b, rgba.g, rgba.r, rgba.a);
+}
diff --git a/ui/render/shaders/d3d9/vs.h b/ui/render/shaders/d3d9/vs.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9f80dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ui/render/shaders/d3d9/vs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+#if 0
+//
+// Generated by Microsoft (R) HLSL Shader Compiler 10.1
+//
+// Parameters:
+//
+//   float2 texel_offset;
+//
+//
+// Registers:
+//
+//   Name         Reg   Size
+//   ------------ ----- ----
+//   texel_offset c0       1
+//
+
+    vs_3_0
+    def c1, 0, 1, 0, 0
+    dcl_position v0
+    dcl_texcoord v1
+    dcl_position o0
+    dcl_texcoord o1.xy
+    add o0.xy, c0, v0
+    mov o0.zw, c1.xyxy
+    mov o1.xy, v1
+
+// approximately 3 instruction slots used
+#endif
+
+const BYTE VS[] =
+{
+      0,   3, 254, 255, 254, 255, 
+     33,   0,  67,  84,  65,  66, 
+     28,   0,   0,   0,  87,   0, 
+      0,   0,   0,   3, 254, 255, 
+      1,   0,   0,   0,  28,   0, 
+      0,   0,   0, 137,   0,   0, 
+     80,   0,   0,   0,  48,   0, 
+      0,   0,   2,   0,   0,   0, 
+      1,   0,   2,   0,  64,   0, 
+      0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0, 
+    116, 101, 120, 101, 108,  95, 
+    111, 102, 102, 115, 101, 116, 
+      0, 171, 171, 171,   1,   0, 
+      3,   0,   1,   0,   2,   0, 
+      1,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0, 
+      0,   0, 118, 115,  95,  51, 
+     95,  48,   0,  77, 105,  99, 
+    114, 111, 115, 111, 102, 116, 
+     32,  40,  82,  41,  32,  72, 
+     76,  83,  76,  32,  83, 104, 
+     97, 100, 101, 114,  32,  67, 
+    111, 109, 112, 105, 108, 101, 
+    114,  32,  49,  48,  46,  49, 
+      0, 171,  81,   0,   0,   5, 
+      1,   0,  15, 160,   0,   0, 
+      0,   0,   0,   0, 128,  63, 
+      0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0, 
+      0,   0,  31,   0,   0,   2, 
+      0,   0,   0, 128,   0,   0, 
+     15, 144,  31,   0,   0,   2, 
+      5,   0,   0, 128,   1,   0, 
+     15, 144,  31,   0,   0,   2, 
+      0,   0,   0, 128,   0,   0, 
+     15, 224,  31,   0,   0,   2, 
+      5,   0,   0, 128,   1,   0, 
+      3, 224,   2,   0,   0,   3, 
+      0,   0,   3, 224,   0,   0, 
+    228, 160,   0,   0, 228, 144, 
+      1,   0,   0,   2,   0,   0, 
+     12, 224,   1,   0,  68, 160, 
+      1,   0,   0,   2,   1,   0, 
+      3, 224,   1,   0, 228, 144, 
+    255, 255,   0,   0
+};
diff --git a/ui/render/shaders/d3d9/vs.hlsl b/ui/render/shaders/d3d9/vs.hlsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a51d86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ui/render/shaders/d3d9/vs.hlsl
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+struct VS_OUTPUT {
+	float4 position : SV_POSITION;
+	float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD;
+};
+
+uniform float2 texel_offset : register(c0);
+
+VS_OUTPUT main(float2 position : POSITION, float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD)
+{
+	VS_OUTPUT output;
+
+	output.position = float4(position.xy, 0, 1);
+	output.position.xy += texel_offset.xy * output.position.w;
+
+	output.texcoord = texcoord;
+
+    return output;
+}
diff --git a/ui/render/ui.cpp b/ui/render/ui.cpp
index d392c15..a77a3ca 100644
--- a/ui/render/ui.cpp
+++ b/ui/render/ui.cpp
@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@
 #include "imgui/imgui_impl_opengl3.h"
 
 #if defined(_WIN32)
+	#include <d3d9.h>
 	#include <d3d11.h>
+	#include "imgui/imgui_impl_dx9.h"
 	#include "imgui/imgui_impl_dx11.h"
 	#if defined(__x86_64__)
 	#include "ui-d3d12-shim.h"
@@ -162,6 +164,9 @@ static void ui_menu(struct ui *ctx, struct ui_props *props)
 				ctx->cbs.mode(RENDER_GL, ctx->opaque);
 
 			#if defined(_WIN32)
+			if (ImGui::MenuItem("DirectX 9", "", props->mode == RENDER_D3D9, true))
+				ctx->cbs.mode(RENDER_D3D9, ctx->opaque);
+
 			if (ImGui::MenuItem("DirectX 11", "", props->mode == RENDER_D3D11, true))
 				ctx->cbs.mode(RENDER_D3D11, ctx->opaque);
 
@@ -523,6 +528,7 @@ void ui_init(struct ui **ctx_out, SDL_Window *window, struct ui_cbs *cbs, void *
 	switch (mode) {
 		case RENDER_GL:    ImGui_ImplOpenGL3_Init("#version 110");                                        break;
 		#if defined(_WIN32)
+		case RENDER_D3D9:  ImGui_ImplDX9_Init((IDirect3DDevice9 *) device);                               break;
 		case RENDER_D3D11: ImGui_ImplDX11_Init((ID3D11Device *) device, (ID3D11DeviceContext *) context); break;
 		#if defined(__x86_64__)
 		case RENDER_D3D12: ui_d3d12_init(device, &ctx->d3d12_shim);                                       break;
@@ -543,6 +549,7 @@ void ui_destroy(struct ui **ctx_out)
 	switch (ctx->mode) {
 		case RENDER_GL:    ImGui_ImplOpenGL3_Shutdown();        break;
 		#if defined(_WIN32)
+		case RENDER_D3D9:  ImGui_ImplDX9_Shutdown();            break;
 		case RENDER_D3D11: ImGui_ImplDX11_Shutdown();           break;
 		#if defined(__x86_64__)
 		case RENDER_D3D12: ui_d3d12_shutdown(&ctx->d3d12_shim); break;
@@ -569,6 +576,7 @@ void ui_new_frame(struct ui *ctx, struct render_device *device, struct render_co
 	switch (ctx->mode) {
 		case RENDER_GL:    ImGui_ImplOpenGL3_NewFrame();        break;
 		#if defined(_WIN32)
+		case RENDER_D3D9:  ImGui_ImplDX9_NewFrame();            break;
 		case RENDER_D3D11: ImGui_ImplDX11_NewFrame();           break;
 		#if defined(__x86_64__)
 		case RENDER_D3D12: ui_d3d12_new_frame();                break;
@@ -606,6 +614,7 @@ void ui_new_frame(struct ui *ctx, struct render_device *device, struct render_co
 	switch (ctx->mode) {
 		case RENDER_GL:    ImGui_ImplOpenGL3_RenderDrawData(ImGui::GetDrawData());                    break;
 		#if defined(_WIN32)
+		case RENDER_D3D9:  ImGui_ImplDX9_RenderDrawData(ImGui::GetDrawData());                        break;
 		case RENDER_D3D11: ImGui_ImplDX11_RenderDrawData(ImGui::GetDrawData());                       break;
 		#if defined(__x86_64__)
 		case RENDER_D3D12: ui_d3d12_render_draw_data(ctx->d3d12_shim, context, ImGui::GetDrawData()); break;