diff --git a/iamf/common/read_bit_buffer.cc b/iamf/common/read_bit_buffer.cc
index c812cc9..bff15b5 100644
--- a/iamf/common/read_bit_buffer.cc
+++ b/iamf/common/read_bit_buffer.cc
@@ -309,6 +309,9 @@ absl::Status ReadBitBuffer::ReadUnsignedLiteralInternal(const int num_bits,
   if (num_bits > max_num_bits) {
     return absl::InvalidArgumentError("num_bits must be <= max_num_bits.");
   }
+  if (num_bits < 0) {
+    return absl::InvalidArgumentError("num_bits must be >= 0.");
+  }
   if (buffer_bit_offset_ < 0) {
     return absl::InvalidArgumentError("buffer_bit_offset_ must be >= 0.");
   }
@@ -370,6 +373,10 @@ absl::Status ReadBitBuffer::ReadUnsignedLiteralInternal(const int num_bits,
 std::unique_ptr<MemoryBasedReadBitBuffer>
 MemoryBasedReadBitBuffer::CreateFromVector(int64_t capacity,
                                            const std::vector<uint8_t>& source) {
+  if (capacity < 0) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "MemoryBasedReadBitBuffer capacity must be >= 0.";
+    return nullptr;
+  }
   return absl::WrapUnique(new MemoryBasedReadBitBuffer(capacity, source));
 }
 
@@ -397,6 +404,10 @@ MemoryBasedReadBitBuffer::MemoryBasedReadBitBuffer(
 std::unique_ptr<FileBasedReadBitBuffer>
 FileBasedReadBitBuffer::CreateFromFilePath(
     const int64_t capacity, const std::filesystem::path& file_path) {
+  if (capacity < 0) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "FileBasedReadBitBuffer capacity must be >= 0.";
+    return nullptr;
+  }
   if (!std::filesystem::exists(file_path)) {
     LOG(ERROR) << "File not found: " << file_path;
     return nullptr;
diff --git a/iamf/common/tests/BUILD b/iamf/common/tests/BUILD
index 825e622..ecc21c1 100644
--- a/iamf/common/tests/BUILD
+++ b/iamf/common/tests/BUILD
@@ -45,6 +45,20 @@ cc_test(
     ],
 )
 
+cc_test(
+    name = "read_bit_buffer_fuzz_test",
+    size = "small",
+    srcs = ["read_bit_buffer_fuzz_test.cc"],
+    deps = [
+        "//iamf/common:read_bit_buffer",
+        "//iamf/obu:types",
+        "@com_google_absl//absl/status",
+        "@com_google_absl//absl/types:span",
+        "@com_google_fuzztest//fuzztest",
+        "@com_google_googletest//:gtest_main",
+    ],
+)
+
 cc_library(
     name = "test_utils",
     testonly = True,
diff --git a/iamf/common/tests/read_bit_buffer_fuzz_test.cc b/iamf/common/tests/read_bit_buffer_fuzz_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a5e8e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/iamf/common/tests/read_bit_buffer_fuzz_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "absl/status/status.h"
+#include "absl/types/span.h"
+#include "fuzztest/fuzztest.h"
+#include "iamf/common/read_bit_buffer.h"
+#include "iamf/obu/types.h"
+
+namespace iamf_tools {
+namespace {
+
+void ReadUnsignedLiteral64NoUndefinedBehavior(std::vector<uint8_t> data,
+                                              int num_bits) {
+  std::unique_ptr<MemoryBasedReadBitBuffer> rb =
+      MemoryBasedReadBitBuffer::CreateFromVector(256, data);
+  uint64_t read_data;
+  absl::Status status = rb->ReadUnsignedLiteral(num_bits, read_data);
+}
+
+FUZZ_TEST(ReadBitBufferFuzzTest, ReadUnsignedLiteral64NoUndefinedBehavior);
+
+void ReadUnsignedLiteral32NoUndefinedBehavior(std::vector<uint8_t> data,
+                                              int num_bits) {
+  std::unique_ptr<MemoryBasedReadBitBuffer> rb =
+      MemoryBasedReadBitBuffer::CreateFromVector(256, data);
+  uint32_t read_data;
+  absl::Status status = rb->ReadUnsignedLiteral(num_bits, read_data);
+}
+
+FUZZ_TEST(ReadBitBufferFuzzTest, ReadUnsignedLiteral32NoUndefinedBehavior);
+
+void ReadUnsignedLiteral16NoUndefinedBehavior(std::vector<uint8_t> data,
+                                              int num_bits) {
+  std::unique_ptr<MemoryBasedReadBitBuffer> rb =
+      MemoryBasedReadBitBuffer::CreateFromVector(256, data);
+  uint16_t read_data;
+  absl::Status status = rb->ReadUnsignedLiteral(num_bits, read_data);
+}
+
+FUZZ_TEST(ReadBitBufferFuzzTest, ReadUnsignedLiteral16NoUndefinedBehavior);
+
+void ReadUnsignedLiteral8NoUndefinedBehavior(std::vector<uint8_t> data,
+                                             int num_bits) {
+  std::unique_ptr<MemoryBasedReadBitBuffer> rb =
+      MemoryBasedReadBitBuffer::CreateFromVector(256, data);
+  uint8_t read_data;
+  absl::Status status = rb->ReadUnsignedLiteral(num_bits, read_data);
+}
+
+FUZZ_TEST(ReadBitBufferFuzzTest, ReadUnsignedLiteral8NoUndefinedBehavior);
+
+void ReadSigned16NoUndefinedBehavior(std::vector<uint8_t> data) {
+  std::unique_ptr<MemoryBasedReadBitBuffer> rb =
+      MemoryBasedReadBitBuffer::CreateFromVector(256, data);
+  int16_t read_data;
+  absl::Status status = rb->ReadSigned16(read_data);
+}
+
+FUZZ_TEST(ReadBitBufferFuzzTest, ReadSigned16NoUndefinedBehavior);
+
+void ReadStringNoUndefinedBehavior(std::vector<uint8_t> data) {
+  std::unique_ptr<MemoryBasedReadBitBuffer> rb =
+      MemoryBasedReadBitBuffer::CreateFromVector(256, data);
+  std::string read_data;
+  absl::Status status = rb->ReadString(read_data);
+}
+
+FUZZ_TEST(ReadBitBufferFuzzTest, ReadStringNoUndefinedBehavior);
+
+void ReadULeb128NoUndefinedBehavior(std::vector<uint8_t> data) {
+  std::unique_ptr<MemoryBasedReadBitBuffer> rb =
+      MemoryBasedReadBitBuffer::CreateFromVector(256, data);
+  DecodedUleb128 read_data;
+  absl::Status status = rb->ReadULeb128(read_data);
+}
+
+FUZZ_TEST(ReadBitBufferFuzzTest, ReadULeb128NoUndefinedBehavior);
+
+void ReadIso14496_1ExpandedNoUndefinedBehavior(std::vector<uint8_t> data,
+                                               uint32_t max_class_size) {
+  std::unique_ptr<MemoryBasedReadBitBuffer> rb =
+      MemoryBasedReadBitBuffer::CreateFromVector(256, data);
+  uint32_t read_data;
+  absl::Status status = rb->ReadIso14496_1Expanded(max_class_size, read_data);
+}
+
+FUZZ_TEST(ReadBitBufferFuzzTest, ReadIso14496_1ExpandedNoUndefinedBehavior);
+
+void ReadUint8SpanNoUndefinedBehavior(std::vector<uint8_t> data) {
+  std::unique_ptr<MemoryBasedReadBitBuffer> rb =
+      MemoryBasedReadBitBuffer::CreateFromVector(256, data);
+  std::vector<uint8_t> read_data(data.size());
+  absl::Span<uint8_t> span(read_data);
+  absl::Status status = rb->ReadUint8Span(span);
+}
+
+FUZZ_TEST(ReadBitBufferFuzzTest, ReadUint8SpanNoUndefinedBehavior);
+
+void ReadBooleanNoUndefinedBehavior(std::vector<uint8_t> data) {
+  std::unique_ptr<MemoryBasedReadBitBuffer> rb =
+      MemoryBasedReadBitBuffer::CreateFromVector(256, data);
+  bool read_data;
+  absl::Status status = rb->ReadBoolean(read_data);
+}
+
+FUZZ_TEST(ReadBitBufferFuzzTest, ReadBooleanNoUndefinedBehavior);
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace iamf_tools
diff --git a/iamf/common/tests/read_bit_buffer_test.cc b/iamf/common/tests/read_bit_buffer_test.cc
index 82be17c..970c58a 100644
--- a/iamf/common/tests/read_bit_buffer_test.cc
+++ b/iamf/common/tests/read_bit_buffer_test.cc
@@ -43,6 +43,18 @@ using ::absl_testing::StatusIs;
 constexpr int kBitsPerByte = 8;
 constexpr int kMaxUint32 = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
 
+TEST(MemoryBasedReadBitBufferTest, CreateFromVectorFailsWithNegativeCapacity) {
+  const std::vector<uint8_t> source_data = {0x01, 0x23, 0x45, 0x68, 0x89};
+  EXPECT_THAT(MemoryBasedReadBitBuffer::CreateFromVector(-1, source_data),
+              ::testing::IsNull());
+}
+
+TEST(FileBasedReadBitBufferTest, CreateFromFilePathFailsWithNegativeCapacity) {
+  const auto file_path = GetAndCleanupOutputFileName(".iamf");
+  EXPECT_THAT(FileBasedReadBitBuffer::CreateFromFilePath(-1, file_path),
+              ::testing::IsNull());
+}
+
 template <typename BufferReaderType>
 std::unique_ptr<BufferReaderType> CreateConcreteReadBitBuffer(
     int64_t capacity, std::vector<uint8_t>& source_data);