LettuceEncrypt provides API for ASP.NET Core projects to integrate with a certificate authority (CA), such as Let's Encrypt, for free, automatic HTTPS (SSL/TLS) certificates using the ACME protocol.
When enabled, your web server will automatically generate an HTTPS certificate during start up. It then configures Kestrel to use this certificate for all HTTPS traffic. See usage instructions below to get started.
Created and developed by @natemcmaster with ❤️ from Seattle ☕️. This project was formerly known as "McMaster.AspNetCore.LetsEncrypt", but has been renamed for trademark reasons. This project is not an official offering from Let's Encrypt® or ISRG™.
This project is 100% organic and best served cold with ranch and carrots. 🥬
The original author, @natemcmaster lost interest in developing new features. This fork is maintained by Archon Systems Inc.
This fork contains several enhancements:
- Support multi-instance deployment such as with YARP.
- Dynamic configuration of domains to generate certificate(s).
- Net6 TlsHandshakeCallbackOptions support, with async certificate selection.
Please see https://github.com/ArchonSystemsInc/LettuceEncrypt-Archon/security/policy if you wish to report a security concern.
That depends on which kind of web server you are using. This library only works with Kestrel, which is the default server configuration for ASP.NET Core projects. Other servers, such as IIS and HTTP.sys, are not supported. Furthermore, this only works when Kestrel is the edge server.
Not sure? Read "Web Server Scenarios" below for more details.
Using ☁️ Azure App Services (aka WebApps)? This library isn't for you, but you can still get free HTTPS certificates. See "Securing An Azure App Service with Let's Encrypt" by Scott Hanselman for more details.
Install this package into your project using NuGet ([see details here][nuget-url]).
The primary API usage is to call IServiceCollection.AddLettuceEncrypt in the Startup class ConfigureServices method.
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
public class Startup
{
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddLettuceEncrypt()
}
}A few required options should be set, typically via the appsettings.json file.
// appsettings.json
{
"LettuceEncrypt": {
// Set this to automatically accept the terms of service of your certificate authority.
// If you don't set this in config, you will need to press "y" whenever the application starts
"AcceptTermsOfService": true,
// You must specify at least one domain name
"DomainNames": [ "example.com", "www.example.com" ],
// You must specify an email address to register with the certificate authority
"EmailAddress": "[email protected]"
}
}Running multiple instances of your service can be supported with a bit of additional work. It is recommended that you only run the certificate generating services (ACME services) on one instance within your deployment.
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
public class Startup
{
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
var leBuilder = services.AddLettuceEncrypt(_ => { }, false);
// You control this condition
if (shouldRunLetsEncryptAcmeServices) {
leBuilder.AddLettuceEncryptAcmeService();
}
}
}When you run multiple instances behind a load balancer you need to ensure that any instance can respond to the LetsEncrypt challenge.
To support this scenario you should implement a custom IHttpChallengeResponseStore and register it with DI.
Note that only HTTP challenges support this at the moment. Help wanted to add support for TLS-ALPN-01 challenges.
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
public class Startup
{
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddLettuceEncrypt();
services.AddSingleton<IHttpChallengeResponseStore, DistributedHttpChallengeResponseStore>();
}
}
class DistributedHttpChallengeResponseStore : IHttpChallengeResponseStore
{
public void AddChallengeResponse(string token, string response) {
// Save somewhere (Azure Storage, etc.)
}
public bool TryGetResponse(string token, [MaybeNullWhen(false)] out string? value) {
// Read from somewhere (Azure Storage, etc.)
}
}Due to the current design of the active certificates are maintained through the ACME services component.
This means that without additional work all certificates will only be available on the instance running the ACME services.
To solve for this you can implement IRuntimeCertificateStore in a way that will allow all instances to access the runtime certificates. Orleans is a good candidate for this job, for example.
Example TBD
If your
is using the .UseKestrel() method to configure IP addresses, ports, or HTTPS settings,
you will also need to call UseLettuceEncrypt. This is required to make Lettuce Encrypt work.
If calling ConfigureHttpsDefaults, use UseLettuceEncrypt like this:
webBuilder.UseKestrel(k =>
{
var appServices = k.ApplicationServices;
k.ConfigureHttpsDefaults(h =>
{
h.ClientCertificateMode = ClientCertificateMode.RequireCertificate;
h.UseLettuceEncrypt(appServices);
});
});If using Listen + UseHttps to manually configure Kestrel's address binding, use UseLettuceEncrypt like this:
webBuilder.UseKestrel(k =>
{
var appServices = k.ApplicationServices;
k.ListenAnyIP(443,
o => o.UseHttps(h =>
{
h.UseLettuceEncrypt(appServices);
}));
});webBuilder.UseKestrel(k =>
{
k.ListenAnyIP(443, l => l.UseLettuceEncrypt(k.ApplicationServices));
});Certificates are stored to the machine's X.509 store by default. Certificates can be stored in additional
locations by using extension methods after calling AddLettuceEncrypt() in the Startup class.
Multiple storage locations can be configured.
This will save and load certificate files (PFX format) using the specified directory. It will also save your certificate authority account key into the same directory.
using LettuceEncrypt;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services
.AddLettuceEncrypt()
.PersistDataToDirectory(new DirectoryInfo("C:/data/LettuceEncrypt/"), "Password123");
}Install LettuceEncrypt-Archon.Azure. This will save and load certificate files using an Azure Key Vault. It will also save your certificate authority account key as a secret in the same vault.
using LettuceEncrypt;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services
.AddLettuceEncrypt()
.PersistCertificatesToAzureKeyVault();
}// appsettings.json
{
"LettuceEncrypt": {
"AzureKeyVault": {
// Required - specify the name of your key vault
"AzureKeyVaultEndpoint": "https://myaccount.vault.azure.net/"
// Optional - specify the secret name used to store your account info (used for cert rewewals)
// If not specified, name defaults to "le-encrypt-${ACME server URL}"
"AccountKeySecretName": "my-lets-encrypt-account"
}
}
}Create a class that implements ICertificateRepository to customize how to save your certificates.
Create a class that implements ICertificateSource to customize where pre-existing certificates are
found when the server starts.
using LettuceEncrypt;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddLettuceEncrypt();
services.AddSingleton<ICertificateRepository, MyCertRepo>();
services.AddSingleton<ICertificateSource, MyCertSource>();
}
class MyCertRepo : ICertificateRepository
{
public async Task SaveAsync(X509Certificate2 certificate, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
byte[] certData = certificate.Export(X509ContentType.Pfx, "optionallySetPfxPassword");
// save this data somehow
}
}
class MyCertSource : ICertificateSource
{
public async Task<IEnumerable<X509Certificate2>> GetCertificatesAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken);
{
// find and return certificate objects. Return an empty enumerable if none are found
}
}Your interactions with the certificate authority are encrypted with a private
key which is generated automatically on first-use. To ensure you can renew certificates
later using the same account, this account key is saved to disk by default.
You can customize where this account information is shared by adding your own implementation
of IAccountStore.
using LettuceEncrypt;
using LettuceEncrypt.Accounts;
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddLettuceEncrypt();
services.AddSingleton<IAccountStore, MyAccountStore>();
}
class MyAccountStore: IAccountStore
{
public Task SaveAccountAsync(AccountModel account, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
// save the account object somewhere
}
// add #nullable enable if using c#, or remove the question mark for older versions of C#
public Task<AccountModel?> GetAccountAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
// return null if there is no account and one will be created for you
}
}The ACME protocol supports multiple methods for proving you own a DNS name called "challenge types". If you wish to manually select which challenge types are used, set the "AllowedChallengeTypes" method. The default value is "Any", which means this library will exhaust all supported challenge types before giving up.
Current supported values:
Http01- The HTTP-01 challenge, which uses a well-known URL on the server and a HTTP request/response.TlsAlpn01- The TLS-ALPN-01 challenge, which uses an auto-generated, ephemeral certificate in the TLS handshake.Dns01- The DNS-01 challenge, which uses TXT record under that domain name.Any- (default) - use HTTP-01 and/or TLS-ALPN-01 DNS-01
Tip: if you wish to set multiple method types and are use the "appsettings.json" approach, provide a comma-seperated list.
{
"LettuceEncrypt": {
"AllowedChallengeTypes": "Http01, TlsAlpn01, Dns01"
}
}When using the DNS-01 challenge a IDnsChallengeProvider must be add and replace the NoOpDnsChallengeProvider
public class MyDnsChallengeProvider : IDnsChallengeProvider
{
private readonly ISomeExternalDnsClient _client;
public MyDnsChallengeProvider(ISomeExternalDnsClient client) => _client = client;
public Task AddTxtRecordAsync(string domainName, string txt, CancellationToken ct = default)
{
return _client.AddDnsTxtRecord(domainName, txt, ct);
}
public Task RemoveTxtRecordAsync(string domainName, string txt, CancellationToken ct = default)
{
return _client.RemoveDnsTxtRecord(domainName, txt, ct);
}
}See the developer docs for details on how to test in a non-production environment.
I recommend also reading Microsoft's official documentation on hosting and deploying ASP.NET Core.
✅ supported
In this scenario, ASP.NET Core is hosted by the Kestrel server (the default, in-process HTTP server) and that web server exposes its ports directly to the internet. This library will configure Kestrel with an auto-generated certificate.
❌ NOT supported
In this scenario, ASP.NET Core is hosted by IIS and that web server exposes its ports directly to the internet. IIS does not support dynamically configuring HTTPS certificates, so this library cannot support this scenario, but you can still configure cert automation using a different tool. See "Using Let's Encrypt with IIS On Windows" for details.
Azure App Service uses this for ASP.NET Core 2.2 and newer, which is why this library cannot support that scenario.. Older versions of ASP.NET Core on Azure App Service run with IIS as the reverse proxy (see below), which is also an unsupported scenario.
✅ supported
In this scenario, ASP.NET Core is hosted by the Kestrel server (the default, in-process HTTP server) and that web server exposes its ports directly to a local network. A TCP load balancer such as nginx forwards traffic without decrypting it to the host running Kestrel. This library will configure Kestrel with an auto-generated certificate.
❌ NOT supported
In this scenario, HTTPS traffic is decrypted by a different web server that is beyond the control of ASP.NET Core. This library cannot support this scenario because HTTPS certificates must be configured by the reverse proxy server.
This is commonly done by web hosting providers. For example, ☁️ Azure App Services (aka WebApps) often runs older versions of ASP.NET Core in a reverse proxy.
If you are running the reverse proxy, you can still get free HTTPS certificates, but you'll need to use a different method. Try Googling this.