3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has emerged as a pivotal technique for 3D scene representation, providing rapid rendering speeds and high fidelity. As 3DGS gains prominence, safeguarding its intellectual property becomes increasingly crucial since 3DGS could be used to imitate unauthorized scene creations and raise copyright issues. Existing watermarking methods for implicit NeRFs cannot be directly applied to 3DGS due to its explicit representation and real-time rendering process, leaving watermarking for 3DGS largely unexplored. In response, we propose WATER-GS, a novel method designed to protect 3DGS copyrights through a universal watermarking strategy. First, we introduce a pre-trained watermark decoder, treating raw 3DGS generative modules as potential watermark encoders to ensure imperceptibility. Additionally, we implement novel 3D distortion layers to enhance the robustness of the embedded watermark against common real-world distortions of point cloud data. Comprehensive experiments and ablation studies demonstrate that WATER-GS effectively embeds imperceptible and robust watermarks into 3DGS without compromising rendering efficiency and quality. Our experiments indicate that the 3D distortion layers can yield up to a 20% improvement in accuracy rate. Notably, our method is adaptable to different 3DGS variants, including 3DGS compression frameworks and 2D Gaussian splatting.
3D高斯点云（3D Gaussian Splatting, 3DGS）已成为3D场景表示的关键技术，具有快速渲染速度和高保真度。随着3DGS的重要性日益提升，保护其知识产权变得愈加重要，因为3DGS可能被用于模仿未经授权的场景创作，从而引发版权问题。由于3DGS采用显式表示并支持实时渲染，现有针对隐式NeRF的水印方法无法直接应用于3DGS，这使得3DGS的水印保护仍是一个尚未充分探索的领域。 对此，我们提出了 WATER-GS，一种通过通用水印策略保护3DGS版权的新方法。首先，我们引入了一个预训练的水印解码器，将原始的3DGS生成模块视为潜在的水印编码器，从而确保水印的不可感知性。此外，我们设计了新颖的3D失真层，以增强嵌入水印在点云数据常见真实世界失真下的鲁棒性。 全面的实验和消融研究表明，WATER-GS 能够在不影响渲染效率和质量的情况下，将不可感知且鲁棒的水印嵌入到3DGS中。实验结果显示，3D失真层可以将水印解码的准确率提高多达20%。值得注意的是，我们的方法适用于不同的3DGS变体，包括3DGS压缩框架和2D高斯点云分布。这为3DGS的版权保护提供了一种有效且通用的解决方案。