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CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE WITH MYSQL

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  • Client-server model is a distributed application structure that partitions tasks or workloads between the providers of a resource or service, called servers, and service requesters, called clients.
  • A server host runs one or more server programs, which share their resources with clients. A client usually does not share any of its resources, but it requests content or service from a server.
  • Clients, therefore, initiate communication sessions with servers, which await incoming requests.

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  • If we add a database to our server, we get the architecture below;

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  • To demonstrate server-client communication, we shall run a curl command on a popular lamp stack website, Propitixhomes

curl -Iv www.propitixhomes.com

Create and configure two Linux-based virtual servers (EC2 instances in AWS)

  • Server A name - 'mysql server'
  • Server B name - 'mysql client'

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  • To start with, I ran 'my_script', a simple shell script that I wrote to update and upgrade the package index of my server. It contains both sudo apt update and sudo apt upgrade.

On the MySQL server instance, install MySQL server package.

sudo apt install mysql-server

  • Ensure the myql server is running using systemctl:

sudo systemctl start mysql.service

  • The above commands will install and start mysql server but will not prompt you to set password or make other confuguration settings.

  • For added security in line with best practices, open up mysql console, run the ALTER USER command to change the root user’s authentication method to one that uses a password. This changes the authentication method to mysql_native_password.

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password';

  • Following this, you can decide to run the security script, sudo mysql_secure_installation, validate password plugin if you want, and then complete the prompts. Thus, your myql server is secured.

  • Create user, database and grant all permissions to the user:

CREATE USER 'Mukhtar'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password';

CREATE DATABASE Muku_DB;

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON Muku_DB.* TO 'Mukhtar'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;

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Install MySQL Client software on the mysql client Linux Server

  • MySQL is a popular open-source relational database management system.

  • The program that interfaces with the server is known as a MySQL client; A shell that allows you to acess and manage your database remotely.

  • The most basic client that one can use is the command line tool, most commonly known as MySQL client.

  • After updating and upgrading your ubuntu, to install the client, run: sudo apt-get install mysql-client

  • Confirm if it was successfully installed. mysql -V

  • Now, you can connect to your remote database using mysql -u USERNAME -p PASSWORD -h HOST-OR-SERVER-IP

  • Note that mysql server should allow remote access to the server in order for the MySQL client to connect from a remote location. This, we shall do in the next step.*

Configure MySQL server to allow connections from remote hosts:

  • The default behavior of the Ubuntu MySQL Server blocks all remote connections which prevent us from accessing the database server from the outside.

  • To allow mysql remote connections, we need to edit the MySQL main configuration file.

  • For MySQL Database server, the configuration file is: "/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf".

  • Open the '/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf' file

sudo vi /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

  • Under the [mysqld] section, locate the line:

bind-address = 127.0.0.1 and change it to bind-address = 0.0.0.0

  • Save the configuration file, and restart the MySQL server:

sudo systemctl restart mysql

  • To ensure connection, we shall edit the inbound rule of our mysql server security group to allow access from the IP of the mysql client (For security best practice)..

  • We shall open up TCP traffic on port 3306 in the security group of our MySQL server.

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From mysql client Linux Server connect remotely to mysql server Database Engine without using SSH.

  • Connect to your mysql server by running the command below in terminal:

mysql -u Mukhtar -h 172.31.85.208 -p

Check that you have successfully connected to a remote MySQL server and can perform SQL queries:

Show databases;

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