[DevOps]: Adopt ruff as the central tool for linting, formatting, and import sorting

[tomvothecoder]

Is your feature request related to a problem?

Related to xCDAT/xcdat#702

Why ruff?

• Meets most of our needs out-of-the-box (linter, formatter, import sorting)
• Adopting ruff simplifies DevOps tooling and configuration
• It is significantly faster for linting, formatting, and import sorting compared to flake8, black, and isort
• Mostly interoperable and configured to replicate flake8, black, and isort out-of-the-box
• Is easily extensible with tools like flake8-docstrings and flake8-bugbear
• Rapidly growing popularity on GitHub, adopted by other major Python packages

Describe the solution you'd like

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Describe alternatives you've considered

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Additional context

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