diff --git a/.integrated_tests.yaml b/.integrated_tests.yaml
index 2cb02daa192..4a2fb30e078 100644
--- a/.integrated_tests.yaml
+++ b/.integrated_tests.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 baselines:
   bucket: geosx
-  baseline: integratedTests/baseline_integratedTests-pr3228-9676-61994fe
+  baseline: integratedTests/baseline_integratedTests-pr3310-9785-f7b5045
+  
 allow_fail:
   all: ''
   streak: ''
diff --git a/BASELINE_NOTES.md b/BASELINE_NOTES.md
index ea19f4ac5cd..a0d394fb609 100644
--- a/BASELINE_NOTES.md
+++ b/BASELINE_NOTES.md
@@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ This file is designed to track changes to the integrated test baselines.
 Any developer who updates the baseline ID in the .integrated_tests.yaml file is expected to create an entry in this file with the pull request number, date, and their justification for rebaselining.
 These notes should be in reverse-chronological order, and use the following time format: (YYYY-MM-DD).
 
+PR #3310 (2024-01-21)
+
+Scalable rock toughness required new field.
+
 PR #3228 (2024-01-15)
 =====================
 deltaVolume added in multiphase.
diff --git a/examples/pygeosxExamples/modifyBoundaryCondition/pkn_example.xml b/examples/pygeosxExamples/modifyBoundaryCondition/pkn_example.xml
index 94db4f07eb6..23aed51fc40 100644
--- a/examples/pygeosxExamples/modifyBoundaryCondition/pkn_example.xml
+++ b/examples/pygeosxExamples/modifyBoundaryCondition/pkn_example.xml
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
     <SurfaceGenerator
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
-      rockToughness="1e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1e6"
       nodeBasedSIF="1"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
diff --git a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/Sneddon_hydroFrac_base.xml b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/Sneddon_hydroFrac_base.xml
index df05297ad3d..e23f6d8b315 100644
--- a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/Sneddon_hydroFrac_base.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/Sneddon_hydroFrac_base.xml
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
       nodeBasedSIF="1"
-      rockToughness="10.0e6"
+      initialRockToughness="10.0e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   <!-- SPHINX_SNEDDON_SOLVER_END -->
   </Solvers>
diff --git a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/heterogeneousInSitu_base.xml b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/heterogeneousInSitu_base.xml
index c8d741170ae..d4547ebc54f 100644
--- a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/heterogeneousInSitu_base.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/heterogeneousInSitu_base.xml
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
     <SurfaceGenerator
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
-      rockToughness="$K_upscaled$"
+      initialRockToughness="$K_upscaled$"
       nodeBasedSIF="1"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
diff --git a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/heterogeneousInSitu_smoke.xml b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/heterogeneousInSitu_smoke.xml
index eb7b96bf286..3fc20c5c95a 100644
--- a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/heterogeneousInSitu_smoke.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/heterogeneousInSitu_smoke.xml
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
     <SurfaceGenerator
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
-      rockToughness="2.236068e6"
+      initialRockToughness="2.236068e6"
       nodeBasedSIF="1"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
diff --git a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/hydrofractureSinglePhase2d.xml b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/hydrofractureSinglePhase2d.xml
index 7ac70ce7a6f..9fe4afed5b4 100644
--- a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/hydrofractureSinglePhase2d.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/hydrofractureSinglePhase2d.xml
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
     <SurfaceGenerator
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
-      rockToughness="1.0e6"/>
+      initialRockToughness="1.0e6"/>
   </Solvers>
 
   <Mesh>
diff --git a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/kgdEdgeBased_C3D6_base.xml b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/kgdEdgeBased_C3D6_base.xml
index cc461b52ba3..0120cd3f6dd 100644
--- a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/kgdEdgeBased_C3D6_base.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/kgdEdgeBased_C3D6_base.xml
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
     <SurfaceGenerator
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
-      rockToughness="0.707e7"
+      initialRockToughness="0.707e7"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
 </Problem>
diff --git a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/kgdNodeBased_C3D6_base.xml b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/kgdNodeBased_C3D6_base.xml
index d7fbbd5d077..f9d7ac88c37 100644
--- a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/kgdNodeBased_C3D6_base.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/kgdNodeBased_C3D6_base.xml
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
     <SurfaceGenerator
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
-      rockToughness="0.707e7"
+      initialRockToughness="0.707e7"
       nodeBasedSIF="1"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
diff --git a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/kgdToughnessDominated_base.xml b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/kgdToughnessDominated_base.xml
index 96d400a8390..74b8003e223 100644
--- a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/kgdToughnessDominated_base.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/kgdToughnessDominated_base.xml
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
       nodeBasedSIF="1"
-      rockToughness="1e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
     <!-- Sphinx_Solvers_SurfaceGenerator_End -->
   </Solvers>
diff --git a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/kgdToughnessDominated_poroelastic_base.xml b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/kgdToughnessDominated_poroelastic_base.xml
index 8f4284dd838..ad91b77dfaf 100644
--- a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/kgdToughnessDominated_poroelastic_base.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/kgdToughnessDominated_poroelastic_base.xml
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
       nodeBasedSIF="1"
-      rockToughness="1e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
 
diff --git a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/kgdValidation_base.xml b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/kgdValidation_base.xml
index e2d16b6d247..a902e5f5fab 100644
--- a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/kgdValidation_base.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/kgdValidation_base.xml
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
       logLevel="1"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
       nodeBasedSIF="0"      
-      rockToughness="1.2e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1.2e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
     <!-- SPHINX_SURFACEGENERATOR_END -->
   </Solvers>
diff --git a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/kgdViscosityDominated_base.xml b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/kgdViscosityDominated_base.xml
index e9b55058b17..5138b7c1eca 100644
--- a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/kgdViscosityDominated_base.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/kgdViscosityDominated_base.xml
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
       nodeBasedSIF="1"
-      rockToughness="1e4"
+      initialRockToughness="1e4"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
     <!-- Sphinx_Solvers_SurfaceGenerator_End -->
 
diff --git a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/kgdViscosityDominated_poroelastic_base.xml b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/kgdViscosityDominated_poroelastic_base.xml
index 15a381c8365..32f2f25e7eb 100644
--- a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/kgdViscosityDominated_poroelastic_base.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/kgdViscosityDominated_poroelastic_base.xml
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
       nodeBasedSIF="1"
-      rockToughness="1e4"
+      initialRockToughness="1e4"
       mpiCommOrder="1"
       isPoroelastic="1"/>
   </Solvers>
diff --git a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedAnisotropicScaledToughness_benchmark.xml b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedAnisotropicScaledToughness_benchmark.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6d05d924d31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedAnisotropicScaledToughness_benchmark.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" ?>
+
+<Problem>
+  <Included>
+    <File
+      name="./pennyShapedAnisotropicToughness_base.xml"/>
+  </Included>
+  
+  <Solvers
+    gravityVector="{ 0.0, 0.0, -0.0 }">
+  <!-- SPHINX_HYDROFRACSOLVER -->
+    <Hydrofracture
+      name="hydrofracture"
+      solidSolverName="lagsolve"
+      flowSolverName="SinglePhaseFlow"
+      surfaceGeneratorName="SurfaceGen"
+      logLevel="1"
+      targetRegions="{ Fracture }"
+      maxNumResolves="5"
+      initialDt="0.1">
+      <NonlinearSolverParameters
+        newtonTol="1.0e-4"
+        newtonMaxIter="50"
+        logLevel="1"/>
+      <LinearSolverParameters
+        solverType="gmres"
+        preconditionerType="mgr"
+        logLevel="1"
+        krylovAdaptiveTol="1"/>
+    </Hydrofracture>
+  <!-- SPHINX_HYDROFRACSOLVER_END -->
+
+  <!-- SPHINX_MECHANICALSOLVER -->
+    <SolidMechanicsLagrangianSSLE
+      name="lagsolve"
+      timeIntegrationOption="QuasiStatic"
+      logLevel="1"
+      discretization="FE1"
+      targetRegions="{ Domain, Fracture }"
+      contactRelationName="fractureContact"
+      contactPenaltyStiffness="1.0e0">
+      <NonlinearSolverParameters
+        newtonTol="1.0e-6"/>
+      <LinearSolverParameters
+        solverType="gmres"
+        krylovTol="1.0e-10"/>
+    </SolidMechanicsLagrangianSSLE>
+  <!-- SPHINX_MECHANICALSOLVER_END -->
+
+  <!-- SPHINX_SINGLEPHASEFVM -->
+    <SinglePhaseFVM
+      name="SinglePhaseFlow"
+      logLevel="1"
+      discretization="singlePhaseTPFA"
+      targetRegions="{ Fracture }">
+      <NonlinearSolverParameters
+        newtonTol="1.0e-5"
+        newtonMaxIter="10"/>
+      <LinearSolverParameters
+        solverType="gmres"
+        krylovTol="1.0e-12"/>
+    </SinglePhaseFVM>
+  <!-- SPHINX_SINGLEPHASEFVM_END -->
+
+  <!-- SPHINX_SURFACEGENERATOR -->
+    <SurfaceGenerator
+      name="SurfaceGen"
+      targetRegions="{ Domain }"
+      nodeBasedSIF="1"      
+      initialRockToughness="-1.0"
+      toughnessScalingFactor="1"
+      fractureOrigin="{0.0, 0.0, 0.0}"
+      mpiCommOrder="1"/>
+  <!-- SPHINX_SURFACEGENERATOR_END -->
+  </Solvers>
+ 
+  <!-- SPHINX_MESH -->
+  <Mesh>
+    <InternalMesh
+      name="mesh1"
+      elementTypes="{ C3D8 }"
+      xCoords="{ 0, 100, 200, 400 }"
+      yCoords="{ 0, 100, 200, 400 }"
+      zCoords="{ -400, -100, -20, 20, 100, 400 }"
+      nx="{ 50, 10, 20 }"
+      ny="{ 50, 10, 20 }"
+      nz="{ 10, 10, 20, 10, 10 }"
+      cellBlockNames="{ cb1 }"/>
+  </Mesh>
+  <!-- SPHINX_MESH_END -->
+ 
+  <Geometry>
+  <!-- SPHINX_INITIALFRAC -->
+    <Box
+      name="fracture"
+      xMin="{ -4.1, -4.1, -0.1 }"
+      xMax="{ 4.1, 4.1, 0.1 }"/>
+  <!-- SPHINX_INITIALFRAC_END -->
+
+  <!-- SPHINX_INJSOURCE -->
+    <Box
+      name="source"
+      xMin="{ -2.1, -2.1, -0.1 }"
+      xMax="{ 2.1, 2.1, 0.1 }"/>
+  <!-- SPHINX_INJSOURCE_END -->
+
+  <!-- SPHINX_FRACPLANE -->
+    <Box
+      name="core"
+      xMin="{ -500.1, -500.1, -0.1 }"
+      xMax="{ 500.1, 500.1, 0.1 }"/>
+  <!-- SPHINX_FRACPLANE_END -->
+  </Geometry>
+
+  <Events
+    maxTime="400.1">
+    <SoloEvent
+      name="preFracture"
+      target="/Solvers/SurfaceGen"/>
+
+    <PeriodicEvent
+      name="outputs"
+      timeFrequency="2.0"
+      targetExactTimestep="0"
+      target="/Outputs/vtkOutput"/>
+
+    <PeriodicEvent
+      name="solverApplications1"
+      beginTime="0.0"
+      endTime="1.0"
+      forceDt="0.2000000000001"
+      target="/Solvers/hydrofracture"/>
+
+    <PeriodicEvent
+      name="solverApplications2"
+      beginTime="1.0"
+      endTime="3.0"
+      forceDt="0.5"
+      target="/Solvers/hydrofracture"/>
+
+    <PeriodicEvent
+      name="solverApplications3"
+      beginTime="3.0"
+      endTime="8.0"
+      forceDt="1.0"
+      target="/Solvers/hydrofracture"/>
+
+    <PeriodicEvent
+      name="solverApplications4"
+      beginTime="8.0"
+      endTime="20.0"
+      forceDt="2.0"
+      target="/Solvers/hydrofracture"/>
+
+    <PeriodicEvent
+      name="solverApplications5"
+      beginTime="20.0"
+      endTime="60.0"
+      forceDt="4.0"
+      target="/Solvers/hydrofracture"/>
+
+    <PeriodicEvent
+      name="solverApplications6"
+      beginTime="60.0"
+      endTime="100.0"
+      forceDt="8.0"
+      target="/Solvers/hydrofracture"/>
+
+    <PeriodicEvent
+      name="solverApplications7"
+      beginTime="100.0"
+      endTime="200.0"
+      forceDt="10.0"
+      target="/Solvers/hydrofracture"/>
+
+    <PeriodicEvent
+      name="solverApplications8"
+      beginTime="200.0"      
+      forceDt="20.0"
+      target="/Solvers/hydrofracture"/>
+  </Events>
+</Problem>
diff --git a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedAnisotropicToughness_base.xml b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedAnisotropicToughness_base.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..63c2c6fb575
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedAnisotropicToughness_base.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" ?>
+
+<Problem>
+  <!-- SPHINX_ELEMENTREGIONS -->
+  <ElementRegions>
+    <CellElementRegion
+      name="Domain"
+      cellBlocks="{ cb1 }"
+      materialList="{ water, rock }"/>
+
+    <SurfaceElementRegion
+      name="Fracture"      
+      defaultAperture="0.02e-3"
+      materialList="{ water, fractureFilling, fractureContact, hApertureModel }"/>
+  </ElementRegions>
+  <!-- SPHINX_ELEMENTREGIONS_END -->
+
+  <!-- SPHINX_MATERIAL -->
+  <Constitutive>
+    <CompressibleSinglePhaseFluid
+      name="water"
+      defaultDensity="1000"
+      defaultViscosity="1.0e-6"
+      referencePressure="0.0"
+      compressibility="5e-13"
+      referenceViscosity="1.0e-6"
+      viscosibility="0.0"/>
+
+    <ElasticIsotropic
+      name="rock"
+      defaultDensity="2700"
+      defaultBulkModulus="20.0e9"
+      defaultShearModulus="12.0e9"/>
+
+    <CompressibleSolidParallelPlatesPermeability
+      name="fractureFilling"
+      solidModelName="nullSolid"
+      porosityModelName="fracturePorosity"
+      permeabilityModelName="fracturePerm"/>
+
+    <NullModel
+      name="nullSolid"/>
+
+    <PressurePorosity
+      name="fracturePorosity"
+      defaultReferencePorosity="1.00"
+      referencePressure="0.0"
+      compressibility="0.0"/>
+
+    <ParallelPlatesPermeability
+      name="fracturePerm"/>
+
+    <FrictionlessContact
+      name="fractureContact"/>
+
+    <HydraulicApertureTable
+      name="hApertureModel"
+      apertureTableName="apertureTable"/>  
+
+  </Constitutive>
+  <!-- SPHINX_MATERIAL_END -->
+  
+  <!-- SPHINX_NUMERICAL -->
+  <NumericalMethods>
+    <FiniteElements>
+      <FiniteElementSpace
+        name="FE1"
+        order="1"/>
+    </FiniteElements>
+
+    <FiniteVolume>
+      <TwoPointFluxApproximation
+        name="singlePhaseTPFA"
+        />
+    </FiniteVolume>
+  </NumericalMethods>
+  <!-- SPHINX_NUMERICAL_END -->
+
+  <!-- SPHINX_BC -->
+  <FieldSpecifications>
+    <FieldSpecification
+      name="waterDensity"
+      initialCondition="1"
+      setNames="{ fracture }"
+      objectPath="ElementRegions"
+      fieldName="water_density"
+      scale="1000"/>
+
+    <FieldSpecification
+      name="separableFace"
+      initialCondition="1"
+      setNames="{ core }"
+      objectPath="faceManager"
+      fieldName="isFaceSeparable"
+      scale="1"/>
+
+    <FieldSpecification
+      name="frac"
+      initialCondition="1"
+      setNames="{ fracture }"
+      objectPath="faceManager"
+      fieldName="ruptureState"
+      scale="1"/>
+
+    <FieldSpecification
+      name="yconstraint"
+      objectPath="nodeManager"
+      fieldName="totalDisplacement"
+      component="1"
+      scale="0.0"
+      setNames="{ yneg, ypos }"/>
+
+    <FieldSpecification
+      name="zconstraint"
+      objectPath="nodeManager"
+      fieldName="totalDisplacement"
+      component="2"
+      scale="0.0"
+      setNames="{ zneg, zpos }"/>
+
+    <FieldSpecification
+      name="xconstraint"
+      objectPath="nodeManager"
+      fieldName="totalDisplacement"
+      component="0"
+      scale="0.0"
+      setNames="{ xneg, xpos }"/>
+
+    <SourceFlux
+      name="sourceTerm"
+      objectPath="ElementRegions/Fracture"
+      scale="-6.625"
+      setNames="{ source }"/>
+
+    <FieldSpecification
+      name="KIC_00"
+      initialCondition="1"
+      setNames="{ all }"
+      objectPath="ElementRegions"
+      fieldName="K_IC_00"
+      scale="3e6"/>
+    
+    <FieldSpecification
+      name="KIC_10"
+      initialCondition="1"
+      setNames="{ all }"
+      objectPath="ElementRegions"
+      fieldName="K_IC_10"
+      scale="3e6"/>
+    
+    <FieldSpecification
+      name="KIC_20"
+      initialCondition="1"
+      setNames="{ all }"
+      objectPath="ElementRegions"
+      fieldName="K_IC_20"
+      scale="3e6"/>
+
+    <FieldSpecification
+      name="KIC_01"
+      initialCondition="1"
+      setNames="{ all }"
+      objectPath="ElementRegions"
+      fieldName="K_IC_01"
+      scale="6e6"/>
+    
+    <FieldSpecification
+      name="KIC_11"
+      initialCondition="1"
+      setNames="{ all }"
+      objectPath="ElementRegions"
+      fieldName="K_IC_11"
+      scale="6e6"/>
+    
+    <FieldSpecification
+      name="KIC_21"
+      initialCondition="1"
+      setNames="{ all }"
+      objectPath="ElementRegions"
+      fieldName="K_IC_21"
+      scale="6e6"/>
+    
+    <FieldSpecification
+      name="KIC_02"
+      initialCondition="1"
+      setNames="{ all }"
+      objectPath="ElementRegions"
+      fieldName="K_IC_02"
+      scale="3e6"/>
+    
+    <FieldSpecification
+      name="KIC_12"
+      initialCondition="1"
+      setNames="{ all }"
+      objectPath="ElementRegions"
+      fieldName="K_IC_12"
+      scale="3e6"/>
+    
+    <FieldSpecification
+      name="KIC_22"
+      initialCondition="1"
+      setNames="{ all }"
+      objectPath="ElementRegions"
+      fieldName="K_IC_22"
+      scale="3e6"/>
+  </FieldSpecifications>
+  <!-- SPHINX_BC_END -->
+
+  <Functions>
+    <TableFunction
+      name="apertureTable"
+      coordinates="{ -1.0e-3, 0.0 }"
+      values="{ 0.002e-3, 0.02e-3 }"/>
+  </Functions>
+
+  <!-- SPHINX_OUTPUT -->    
+  <Outputs>
+    <VTK
+      name="vtkOutput"
+      plotFileRoot="zeroViscosity"
+      plotLevel="3"
+      parallelThreads="48"/>
+
+    <Restart
+      name="restartOutput"/>
+  </Outputs>
+  <!-- SPHINX_OUTPUT_END -->
+</Problem>
diff --git a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedAnisotropicToughness_benchmark.xml b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedAnisotropicToughness_benchmark.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6affb33bc1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedAnisotropicToughness_benchmark.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" ?>
+
+<Problem>
+  <Included>
+    <File
+      name="./pennyShapedAnisotropicToughness_base.xml"/>
+  </Included>
+  
+  <Solvers
+    gravityVector="{ 0.0, 0.0, -0.0 }">
+  <!-- SPHINX_HYDROFRACSOLVER -->
+    <Hydrofracture
+      name="hydrofracture"
+      solidSolverName="lagsolve"
+      flowSolverName="SinglePhaseFlow"
+      surfaceGeneratorName="SurfaceGen"
+      logLevel="1"
+      targetRegions="{ Fracture }"
+      maxNumResolves="5"
+      initialDt="0.1">
+      <NonlinearSolverParameters
+        newtonTol="1.0e-4"
+        newtonMaxIter="50"
+        logLevel="1"/>
+      <LinearSolverParameters
+        solverType="gmres"
+        preconditionerType="mgr"
+        logLevel="1"
+        krylovAdaptiveTol="1"/>
+    </Hydrofracture>
+  <!-- SPHINX_HYDROFRACSOLVER_END -->
+
+  <!-- SPHINX_MECHANICALSOLVER -->
+    <SolidMechanicsLagrangianSSLE
+      name="lagsolve"
+      timeIntegrationOption="QuasiStatic"
+      logLevel="1"
+      discretization="FE1"
+      targetRegions="{ Domain, Fracture }"
+      contactRelationName="fractureContact"
+      contactPenaltyStiffness="1.0e0">
+      <NonlinearSolverParameters
+        newtonTol="1.0e-6"/>
+      <LinearSolverParameters
+        solverType="gmres"
+        krylovTol="1.0e-10"/>
+    </SolidMechanicsLagrangianSSLE>
+  <!-- SPHINX_MECHANICALSOLVER_END -->
+
+  <!-- SPHINX_SINGLEPHASEFVM -->
+    <SinglePhaseFVM
+      name="SinglePhaseFlow"
+      logLevel="1"
+      discretization="singlePhaseTPFA"
+      targetRegions="{ Fracture }">
+      <NonlinearSolverParameters
+        newtonTol="1.0e-5"
+        newtonMaxIter="10"/>
+      <LinearSolverParameters
+        solverType="gmres"
+        krylovTol="1.0e-12"/>
+    </SinglePhaseFVM>
+  <!-- SPHINX_SINGLEPHASEFVM_END -->
+
+  <!-- SPHINX_SURFACEGENERATOR -->
+    <SurfaceGenerator
+      name="SurfaceGen"
+      targetRegions="{ Domain }"
+      nodeBasedSIF="1"      
+      initialRockToughness="-1.0"
+      mpiCommOrder="1"/>
+  <!-- SPHINX_SURFACEGENERATOR_END -->
+  </Solvers>
+ 
+  <!-- SPHINX_MESH -->
+  <Mesh>
+    <InternalMesh
+      name="mesh1"
+      elementTypes="{ C3D8 }"
+      xCoords="{ 0, 100, 200, 400 }"
+      yCoords="{ 0, 100, 200, 400 }"
+      zCoords="{ -400, -100, -20, 20, 100, 400 }"
+      nx="{ 50, 10, 20 }"
+      ny="{ 50, 10, 20 }"
+      nz="{ 10, 10, 20, 10, 10 }"
+      cellBlockNames="{ cb1 }"/>
+  </Mesh>
+  <!-- SPHINX_MESH_END -->
+ 
+  <Geometry>
+  <!-- SPHINX_INITIALFRAC -->
+    <Box
+      name="fracture"
+      xMin="{ -4.1, -4.1, -0.1 }"
+      xMax="{ 4.1, 4.1, 0.1 }"/>
+  <!-- SPHINX_INITIALFRAC_END -->
+
+  <!-- SPHINX_INJSOURCE -->
+    <Box
+      name="source"
+      xMin="{ -2.1, -2.1, -0.1 }"
+      xMax="{ 2.1, 2.1, 0.1 }"/>
+  <!-- SPHINX_INJSOURCE_END -->
+
+  <!-- SPHINX_FRACPLANE -->
+    <Box
+      name="core"
+      xMin="{ -500.1, -500.1, -0.1 }"
+      xMax="{ 500.1, 500.1, 0.1 }"/>
+  <!-- SPHINX_FRACPLANE_END -->
+  </Geometry>
+
+  <Events
+    maxTime="400.1">
+    <SoloEvent
+      name="preFracture"
+      target="/Solvers/SurfaceGen"/>
+
+    <PeriodicEvent
+      name="outputs"
+      timeFrequency="2.0"
+      targetExactTimestep="0"
+      target="/Outputs/vtkOutput"/>
+
+    <PeriodicEvent
+      name="solverApplications1"
+      beginTime="0.0"
+      endTime="1.0"
+      forceDt="0.2000000000001"
+      target="/Solvers/hydrofracture"/>
+
+    <PeriodicEvent
+      name="solverApplications2"
+      beginTime="1.0"
+      endTime="3.0"
+      forceDt="0.5"
+      target="/Solvers/hydrofracture"/>
+
+    <PeriodicEvent
+      name="solverApplications3"
+      beginTime="3.0"
+      endTime="8.0"
+      forceDt="1.0"
+      target="/Solvers/hydrofracture"/>
+
+    <PeriodicEvent
+      name="solverApplications4"
+      beginTime="8.0"
+      endTime="20.0"
+      forceDt="2.0"
+      target="/Solvers/hydrofracture"/>
+
+    <PeriodicEvent
+      name="solverApplications5"
+      beginTime="20.0"
+      endTime="60.0"
+      forceDt="4.0"
+      target="/Solvers/hydrofracture"/>
+
+    <PeriodicEvent
+      name="solverApplications6"
+      beginTime="60.0"
+      endTime="100.0"
+      forceDt="8.0"
+      target="/Solvers/hydrofracture"/>
+
+    <PeriodicEvent
+      name="solverApplications7"
+      beginTime="100.0"
+      endTime="200.0"
+      forceDt="10.0"
+      target="/Solvers/hydrofracture"/>
+
+    <PeriodicEvent
+      name="solverApplications8"
+      beginTime="200.0"      
+      forceDt="20.0"
+      target="/Solvers/hydrofracture"/>
+  </Events>
+</Problem>
diff --git a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedAnisotropicToughness_smoke.xml b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedAnisotropicToughness_smoke.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a566f9c4c42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedAnisotropicToughness_smoke.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" ?>
+
+<Problem>
+  <Included>
+    <File
+      name="./pennyShapedAnisotropicToughness_base.xml"/>
+  </Included>
+  
+  <Solvers
+    gravityVector="{ 0.0, 0.0, -0.0 }">
+    <Hydrofracture
+      name="hydrofracture"
+      solidSolverName="lagsolve"
+      flowSolverName="SinglePhaseFlow"
+      surfaceGeneratorName="SurfaceGen"
+      logLevel="1"
+      targetRegions="{ Fracture }"
+      maxNumResolves="1"
+      initialDt="0.01">
+      <NonlinearSolverParameters
+        newtonTol="1.0e-5"
+        newtonMaxIter="20"
+        lineSearchMaxCuts="3"/>
+      <LinearSolverParameters
+        directParallel="0"/>
+    </Hydrofracture>
+
+    <SolidMechanicsLagrangianSSLE
+      name="lagsolve"
+      timeIntegrationOption="QuasiStatic"
+      discretization="FE1"
+      targetRegions="{ Domain, Fracture }"
+      contactRelationName="fractureContact">
+    </SolidMechanicsLagrangianSSLE>
+
+    <SinglePhaseFVM
+      name="SinglePhaseFlow"
+      discretization="singlePhaseTPFA"
+      targetRegions="{ Fracture }">
+    </SinglePhaseFVM>
+
+    <SurfaceGenerator
+      name="SurfaceGen"
+      targetRegions="{ Domain }"
+      nodeBasedSIF="1"      
+      initialRockToughness="-1.0"
+      mpiCommOrder="1"/>
+  </Solvers> 
+ 
+  <Mesh>
+    <InternalMesh 
+      name="mesh1"
+      elementTypes="{C3D8}"
+      xCoords="{ -10, 0, 10 }"
+      yCoords="{ 0, 5, 10 }"
+      zCoords="{ 0, 5, 10 }"
+      nx="{ 3, 3 }"
+      ny="{ 10, 2 }"
+      nz="{ 10, 2 }"
+      xBias="{ 0.6, -0.6 }"
+      yBias="{ 0.0, -0.6 }"
+      zBias="{ 0.0, -0.6 }"
+      cellBlockNames="{cb1}"/>
+  </Mesh>
+ 
+  <Geometry>
+    <Box
+      name="fracture"
+      xMin="{ -0.01, -0.01, -0.01 }"
+      xMax="{  0.01,  1.01,  1.01 }"/>
+
+    <Box
+      name="source"
+      xMin="{ -0.01, -0.01, -0.01 }"
+      xMax="{  0.01,  0.51,  0.51 }"/>
+
+    <Box
+      name="core"
+      xMin="{ -0.01, -0.01, -0.01 }"
+      xMax="{  0.01, 1e6,  1e6 }"/>
+  </Geometry>
+
+  <Events
+    maxTime="1.0"
+    maxCycle="10">
+    <SoloEvent
+      name="preFracture"
+      target="/Solvers/SurfaceGen"/>
+
+    <PeriodicEvent
+      name="solverApplications1"
+      maxEventDt="0.1"
+      target="/Solvers/hydrofracture"/>
+
+    <PeriodicEvent
+      name="outputs"
+      timeFrequency="2.0"
+      target="/Outputs/vtkOutput"/>
+
+    <PeriodicEvent 
+      name="restarts"
+      cycleFrequency="5"
+      targetExactTimestep="0"
+      target="/Outputs/restartOutput" />
+  </Events>
+</Problem>
diff --git a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedToughnessDominated_benchmark.xml b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedToughnessDominated_benchmark.xml
index 59abb35871a..eb9183bcf82 100644
--- a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedToughnessDominated_benchmark.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedToughnessDominated_benchmark.xml
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
       nodeBasedSIF="1"      
-      rockToughness="3.0e6"
+      initialRockToughness="3.0e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   <!-- SPHINX_SURFACEGENERATOR_END -->
   </Solvers>
diff --git a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedToughnessDominated_poroelastic_benchmark.xml b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedToughnessDominated_poroelastic_benchmark.xml
index e830a52c5fd..b20f9c443af 100644
--- a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedToughnessDominated_poroelastic_benchmark.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedToughnessDominated_poroelastic_benchmark.xml
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
       nodeBasedSIF="1"      
-      rockToughness="3.0e6"
+      initialRockToughness="3.0e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"
       isPoroelastic="1"/>
   <!-- SPHINX_SURFACEGENERATOR_END -->
diff --git a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedToughnessDominated_poroelastic_smoke.xml b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedToughnessDominated_poroelastic_smoke.xml
index a1c1c302b8d..8d074c2ea9e 100644
--- a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedToughnessDominated_poroelastic_smoke.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedToughnessDominated_poroelastic_smoke.xml
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
       nodeBasedSIF="1"      
-      rockToughness="3.0e6"
+      initialRockToughness="3.0e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"
       isPoroelastic="1"/>
   </Solvers> 
diff --git a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedToughnessDominated_smoke.xml b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedToughnessDominated_smoke.xml
index f433335ab6e..acf8e93e6b7 100644
--- a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedToughnessDominated_smoke.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedToughnessDominated_smoke.xml
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
       nodeBasedSIF="1"      
-      rockToughness="3.0e6"
+      initialRockToughness="3.0e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers> 
  
diff --git a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedViscosityDominated_benchmark.xml b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedViscosityDominated_benchmark.xml
index a8f78adf606..eef546604d1 100644
--- a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedViscosityDominated_benchmark.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedViscosityDominated_benchmark.xml
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
       nodeBasedSIF="1"      
-      rockToughness="0.3e6"
+      initialRockToughness="0.3e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   <!-- SPHINX_SURFACEGENERATOR_END -->
   </Solvers> 
diff --git a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedViscosityDominated_poroelastic_benchmark.xml b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedViscosityDominated_poroelastic_benchmark.xml
index 0d1b9485772..eb476baf5fe 100644
--- a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedViscosityDominated_poroelastic_benchmark.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedViscosityDominated_poroelastic_benchmark.xml
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
       nodeBasedSIF="1"      
-      rockToughness="0.3e6"
+      initialRockToughness="0.3e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   <!-- SPHINX_SURFACEGENERATOR_END -->
   </Solvers> 
diff --git a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedViscosityDominated_poroelastic_smoke.xml b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedViscosityDominated_poroelastic_smoke.xml
index b3a8341224e..5cb156cd184 100644
--- a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedViscosityDominated_poroelastic_smoke.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedViscosityDominated_poroelastic_smoke.xml
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
       nodeBasedSIF="1"      
-      rockToughness="0.3e6"
+      initialRockToughness="0.3e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"
       isPoroelastic="1"/>
   </Solvers> 
diff --git a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedViscosityDominated_smoke.xml b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedViscosityDominated_smoke.xml
index 4b20bae5125..c84b65ef8f5 100644
--- a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedViscosityDominated_smoke.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pennyShapedViscosityDominated_smoke.xml
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
       nodeBasedSIF="1"      
-      rockToughness="0.3e6"
+      initialRockToughness="0.3e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers> 
 
diff --git a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pknViscosityDominated_benchmark.xml b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pknViscosityDominated_benchmark.xml
index 2b8dce7a719..4943e0f6d78 100644
--- a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pknViscosityDominated_benchmark.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pknViscosityDominated_benchmark.xml
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
       nodeBasedSIF="1"      
-      rockToughness="0.1e6"
+      initialRockToughness="0.1e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   <!-- SPHINX_SURFACEGENERATOR_END -->
   </Solvers>
diff --git a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pknViscosityDominated_poroelastic_benchmark.xml b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pknViscosityDominated_poroelastic_benchmark.xml
index 72b1be2f4d8..e73a06ddcc4 100644
--- a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pknViscosityDominated_poroelastic_benchmark.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pknViscosityDominated_poroelastic_benchmark.xml
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
       nodeBasedSIF="1"      
-      rockToughness="0.1e6"
+      initialRockToughness="0.1e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   <!-- SPHINX_SURFACEGENERATOR_END -->
   </Solvers>
diff --git a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pknViscosityDominated_poroelastic_smoke.xml b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pknViscosityDominated_poroelastic_smoke.xml
index 7e8e3463e18..f6e44b9bc91 100644
--- a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pknViscosityDominated_poroelastic_smoke.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pknViscosityDominated_poroelastic_smoke.xml
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
       nodeBasedSIF="1"      
-      rockToughness="0.1e6"
+      initialRockToughness="0.1e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"
       isPoroelastic="1"/>
   </Solvers>
diff --git a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pknViscosityDominated_smoke.xml b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pknViscosityDominated_smoke.xml
index 0545171c3bc..87e732e3f37 100644
--- a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pknViscosityDominated_smoke.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/pknViscosityDominated_smoke.xml
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
       nodeBasedSIF="1"      
-      rockToughness="1e4"
+      initialRockToughness="1e4"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
 
diff --git a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/scripts/hydrofractureFigure.py b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/scripts/hydrofractureFigure.py
index c8cb897201d..81dde7f93f7 100644
--- a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/scripts/hydrofractureFigure.py
+++ b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/scripts/hydrofractureFigure.py
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ def getParametersFromXML( geosDir, xmlFilePrefix):
         poissonRatio = float(elasticParam.get('defaultPoissonRatio'))
         injectionRate = -2.0 * float(tree.find('FieldSpecifications/SourceFlux').get('scale')) / fluidDensity
         tree = ElementTree.parse(prefix + xmlFilePrefix + "_base.xml")
-        toughness = float(tree.find('Solvers/SurfaceGenerator').get('rockToughness'))
+        toughness = float(tree.find('Solvers/SurfaceGenerator').get('initialRockToughness'))
 
     elif xmlFilePrefix == 'pennyShapedToughnessDominated' or xmlFilePrefix == 'pennyShapedViscosityDominated':
         K = float(elasticParam.get('defaultBulkModulus'))
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ def getParametersFromXML( geosDir, xmlFilePrefix):
         poissonRatio = youngModulus / (2.0 * G) - 1.0
         injectionRate = -4.0 * float(tree.find('FieldSpecifications/SourceFlux').get('scale')) / fluidDensity
         tree = ElementTree.parse(prefix + xmlFilePrefix + "_benchmark.xml")
-        toughness = float(tree.find('Solvers/SurfaceGenerator').get('rockToughness'))
+        toughness = float(tree.find('Solvers/SurfaceGenerator').get('initialRockToughness'))
 
     elif xmlFilePrefix == 'pknViscosityDominated':
         K = float(elasticParam.get('defaultBulkModulus'))
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ def getParametersFromXML( geosDir, xmlFilePrefix):
         poissonRatio = youngModulus / (2.0 * G) - 1.0
         injectionRate = -4.0 * float(tree.find('FieldSpecifications/SourceFlux').get('scale')) / fluidDensity
         tree = ElementTree.parse(prefix + xmlFilePrefix + "_benchmark.xml")
-        toughness = float(tree.find('Solvers/SurfaceGenerator').get('rockToughness'))
+        toughness = float(tree.find('Solvers/SurfaceGenerator').get('initialRockToughness'))
         found_core = False
         for elem in param:
             if elem.get("name") == "core":
diff --git a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/walshQuarterNoChombo_benchmark.xml b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/walshQuarterNoChombo_benchmark.xml
index 957b63bd278..a14bdc856f1 100644
--- a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/walshQuarterNoChombo_benchmark.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/walshQuarterNoChombo_benchmark.xml
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
       fractureRegion="Fracture"
       targetRegions="{Domain, void}"
       nodeBasedSIF="1"
-      rockToughness="3.0e6">
+      initialRockToughness="3.0e6">
     </SurfaceGenerator>
   </Solvers>
 
diff --git a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/walshQuarterNoChombo_smoke.xml b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/walshQuarterNoChombo_smoke.xml
index 9990dd5c291..1a9a5a0ae73 100644
--- a/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/walshQuarterNoChombo_smoke.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/hydraulicFracturing/walshQuarterNoChombo_smoke.xml
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
       fractureRegion="Fracture"
       targetRegions="{Domain, void}"
       nodeBasedSIF="1"
-      rockToughness="3.0e6"
+      initialRockToughness="3.0e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1">
     </SurfaceGenerator>
   </Solvers>
diff --git a/inputFiles/inducedSeismicity/SpringSliderExplicit_base.xml b/inputFiles/inducedSeismicity/SpringSliderExplicit_base.xml
index a0c0381fb23..2fd1d220c6f 100644
--- a/inputFiles/inducedSeismicity/SpringSliderExplicit_base.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/inducedSeismicity/SpringSliderExplicit_base.xml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
     <SurfaceGenerator
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
-      rockToughness="1.0"
+      initialRockToughness="1.0"
       mpiCommOrder="1"
       fractureRegion="Fault"/>  
   </Solvers>
diff --git a/inputFiles/inducedSeismicity/SpringSlider_base.xml b/inputFiles/inducedSeismicity/SpringSlider_base.xml
index 5f6aefc94ad..d520f972802 100644
--- a/inputFiles/inducedSeismicity/SpringSlider_base.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/inducedSeismicity/SpringSlider_base.xml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
     <SurfaceGenerator
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
-      rockToughness="1.0"
+      initialRockToughness="1.0"
       mpiCommOrder="1"
       fractureRegion="Fault"/>  
   </Solvers>
diff --git a/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/LagrangeContactBubbleStab_FixedSlip_smoke.xml b/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/LagrangeContactBubbleStab_FixedSlip_smoke.xml
index 8258d2cc4a3..5da14675d94 100644
--- a/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/LagrangeContactBubbleStab_FixedSlip_smoke.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/LagrangeContactBubbleStab_FixedSlip_smoke.xml
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
     <SurfaceGenerator
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
-      rockToughness="1.0"
+      initialRockToughness="1.0"
       mpiCommOrder="1"
       fractureRegion="Fault"/>  
   </Solvers>
diff --git a/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/LagrangeContactBubbleStab_singleFracCompression_base.xml b/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/LagrangeContactBubbleStab_singleFracCompression_base.xml
index 854136ed032..3be52a9bcdc 100644
--- a/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/LagrangeContactBubbleStab_singleFracCompression_base.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/LagrangeContactBubbleStab_singleFracCompression_base.xml
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
       logLevel="0"
       fractureRegion="Fracture"
       targetRegions="{ Region }"
-      rockToughness="1.0e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1.0e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
 
diff --git a/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/PassingCrack_base.xml b/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/PassingCrack_base.xml
index 1f38c231aa9..603fcf59ed7 100644
--- a/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/PassingCrack_base.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/PassingCrack_base.xml
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
     <SurfaceGenerator
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Region }"
-      rockToughness="1.0e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1.0e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
  
diff --git a/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/SimpleCubes_base.xml b/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/SimpleCubes_base.xml
index 32e64f498de..9ce90da1c6b 100644
--- a/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/SimpleCubes_base.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/SimpleCubes_base.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
     <SurfaceGenerator
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Region }"
-      rockToughness="1.0e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1.0e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
 
diff --git a/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/SingleFracCompression_base.xml b/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/SingleFracCompression_base.xml
index d9da50caf95..c3f39da2632 100644
--- a/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/SingleFracCompression_base.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/SingleFracCompression_base.xml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
       logLevel="0"
       fractureRegion="Fracture"
       targetRegions="{ Region }"
-      rockToughness="1.0e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1.0e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
 <!-- SPHINX_SOLVER_END -->
diff --git a/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/SlippingFault_base.xml b/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/SlippingFault_base.xml
index 5299794fe0f..d9f4997f3c7 100644
--- a/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/SlippingFault_base.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/SlippingFault_base.xml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
       logLevel="0"
       fractureRegion="Fracture"
       targetRegions="{ Region }"
-      rockToughness="1.0e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1.0e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
 
diff --git a/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/Sneddon_benchmark.xml b/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/Sneddon_benchmark.xml
index 7750053d6fa..d45bc7ded1f 100644
--- a/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/Sneddon_benchmark.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/Sneddon_benchmark.xml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
       logLevel="0"
       fractureRegion="Fracture"
       targetRegions="{ Region }"
-      rockToughness="1.0e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1.0e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
 
diff --git a/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/Sneddon_smoke.xml b/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/Sneddon_smoke.xml
index 5e64b204ad1..5794ed344e5 100644
--- a/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/Sneddon_smoke.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/Sneddon_smoke.xml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
       logLevel="0"
       fractureRegion="Fracture"
       targetRegions="{ Region }"
-      rockToughness="1.0e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1.0e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
   <!-- SPHINX_SNEDDON_SOLVER_END -->
diff --git a/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/TFrac_benchmark.xml b/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/TFrac_benchmark.xml
index 60f1a1f537a..5a6d6b5a8b7 100644
--- a/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/TFrac_benchmark.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/TFrac_benchmark.xml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
    logLevel="0"
    fractureRegion="Fracture"
    targetRegions="{ Region }"
-   rockToughness="1.0e6"
+   initialRockToughness="1.0e6"
    mpiCommOrder="1"/>
 <!-- SPHINX_SOLVER_END -->
 </Solvers>
diff --git a/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/TFrac_smoke.xml b/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/TFrac_smoke.xml
index 5ab56b69af9..cd3543f0806 100644
--- a/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/TFrac_smoke.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/TFrac_smoke.xml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
    logLevel="0"
    fractureRegion="Fracture"
    targetRegions="{ Region }"
-   rockToughness="1.0e6"
+   initialRockToughness="1.0e6"
    mpiCommOrder="1"/>
 <!-- SPHINX_SOLVER_END -->
 </Solvers>
diff --git a/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/UnstructuredCrack_base.xml b/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/UnstructuredCrack_base.xml
index 628fd884589..81cddb50913 100644
--- a/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/UnstructuredCrack_base.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/lagrangianContactMechanics/UnstructuredCrack_base.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
     <SurfaceGenerator
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Region }"
-      rockToughness="1.0e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1.0e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
 
diff --git a/inputFiles/phaseField/PhaseFieldFracture_Nucleation_base.xml b/inputFiles/phaseField/PhaseFieldFracture_Nucleation_base.xml
index e339684d116..c69b54535cc 100644
--- a/inputFiles/phaseField/PhaseFieldFracture_Nucleation_base.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/phaseField/PhaseFieldFracture_Nucleation_base.xml
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
     <SurfaceGenerator
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Region1 }"
-      rockToughness="0"
+      initialRockToughness="0"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
 
diff --git a/inputFiles/poromechanicsFractures/ExponentialDecayPermeability_conformingFracture_base.xml b/inputFiles/poromechanicsFractures/ExponentialDecayPermeability_conformingFracture_base.xml
index d21f7f7fb80..d47a5af1807 100644
--- a/inputFiles/poromechanicsFractures/ExponentialDecayPermeability_conformingFracture_base.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/poromechanicsFractures/ExponentialDecayPermeability_conformingFracture_base.xml
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
       fractureRegion="Fracture"
-      rockToughness="1e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
 
diff --git a/inputFiles/poromechanicsFractures/PoroElastic_conformingFracture_2d_faultSlip_sequential_solvers.xml b/inputFiles/poromechanicsFractures/PoroElastic_conformingFracture_2d_faultSlip_sequential_solvers.xml
index 845f3151232..a5e47f2cc74 100755
--- a/inputFiles/poromechanicsFractures/PoroElastic_conformingFracture_2d_faultSlip_sequential_solvers.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/poromechanicsFractures/PoroElastic_conformingFracture_2d_faultSlip_sequential_solvers.xml
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
       fractureRegion="Fracture"
-      rockToughness="1e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
 </Problem>
diff --git a/inputFiles/poromechanicsFractures/PoroElastic_conformingFracture_2d_faultSlip_solvers.xml b/inputFiles/poromechanicsFractures/PoroElastic_conformingFracture_2d_faultSlip_solvers.xml
index 2c8d9f8936b..73f5391756c 100755
--- a/inputFiles/poromechanicsFractures/PoroElastic_conformingFracture_2d_faultSlip_solvers.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/poromechanicsFractures/PoroElastic_conformingFracture_2d_faultSlip_solvers.xml
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
       fractureRegion="Fracture"
-      rockToughness="1e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
 </Problem>
diff --git a/inputFiles/poromechanicsFractures/PoroElastic_conformingFracture_2d_openingFrac_sequential_solvers.xml b/inputFiles/poromechanicsFractures/PoroElastic_conformingFracture_2d_openingFrac_sequential_solvers.xml
index 4112be144f1..d11f90503d8 100755
--- a/inputFiles/poromechanicsFractures/PoroElastic_conformingFracture_2d_openingFrac_sequential_solvers.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/poromechanicsFractures/PoroElastic_conformingFracture_2d_openingFrac_sequential_solvers.xml
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
       fractureRegion="Fracture"
-      rockToughness="1e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
 </Problem>
diff --git a/inputFiles/poromechanicsFractures/PoroElastic_conformingFracture_2d_openingFrac_solvers.xml b/inputFiles/poromechanicsFractures/PoroElastic_conformingFracture_2d_openingFrac_solvers.xml
index cc365b429c6..d2c9d1fd433 100755
--- a/inputFiles/poromechanicsFractures/PoroElastic_conformingFracture_2d_openingFrac_solvers.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/poromechanicsFractures/PoroElastic_conformingFracture_2d_openingFrac_solvers.xml
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Domain }"
       fractureRegion="Fracture"
-      rockToughness="1e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
 </Problem>
diff --git a/inputFiles/proppant/FlowProppantBedTransport2d_base.xml b/inputFiles/proppant/FlowProppantBedTransport2d_base.xml
index 177a83e6c00..d8bc681d588 100644
--- a/inputFiles/proppant/FlowProppantBedTransport2d_base.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/proppant/FlowProppantBedTransport2d_base.xml
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
     <SurfaceGenerator
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Fracture }"
-      rockToughness="1e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
 
diff --git a/inputFiles/proppant/FlowProppantTransport2d_base.xml b/inputFiles/proppant/FlowProppantTransport2d_base.xml
index ab806c51cf2..8f4608a6577 100644
--- a/inputFiles/proppant/FlowProppantTransport2d_base.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/proppant/FlowProppantTransport2d_base.xml
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
     <SurfaceGenerator
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Fracture }"
-      rockToughness="1e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
 
diff --git a/inputFiles/proppant/ProppantGelTransport_base.xml b/inputFiles/proppant/ProppantGelTransport_base.xml
index b4e7e74b4d6..425b5bdb5da 100644
--- a/inputFiles/proppant/ProppantGelTransport_base.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/proppant/ProppantGelTransport_base.xml
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
     <SurfaceGenerator
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Fracture }"
-      rockToughness="1e6"/>
+      initialRockToughness="1e6"/>
   </Solvers>
 
   <Geometry>
diff --git a/inputFiles/proppant/ProppantSlotTest_benchmark.xml b/inputFiles/proppant/ProppantSlotTest_benchmark.xml
index 4c123fc1fc6..73025434ce8 100755
--- a/inputFiles/proppant/ProppantSlotTest_benchmark.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/proppant/ProppantSlotTest_benchmark.xml
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
     <SurfaceGenerator
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Fracture }"
-      rockToughness="1e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
  
diff --git a/inputFiles/proppant/ProppantSlotTest_smoke.xml b/inputFiles/proppant/ProppantSlotTest_smoke.xml
index 0576291d3b3..757e67d5f0d 100755
--- a/inputFiles/proppant/ProppantSlotTest_smoke.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/proppant/ProppantSlotTest_smoke.xml
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
     <SurfaceGenerator
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Fracture }"
-      rockToughness="1e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
  
diff --git a/inputFiles/singlePhaseFlowFractures/fractureFlowWithGravity_conforming_2d_smoke.xml b/inputFiles/singlePhaseFlowFractures/fractureFlowWithGravity_conforming_2d_smoke.xml
index 9dbce69a6a6..9045289c402 100644
--- a/inputFiles/singlePhaseFlowFractures/fractureFlowWithGravity_conforming_2d_smoke.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/singlePhaseFlowFractures/fractureFlowWithGravity_conforming_2d_smoke.xml
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
     <SurfaceGenerator
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Fracture }"
-      rockToughness="1e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
 
diff --git a/inputFiles/singlePhaseFlowFractures/fractureFlow_conforming_2d.xml b/inputFiles/singlePhaseFlowFractures/fractureFlow_conforming_2d.xml
index 3e5ebf1c94f..93eba8a2ebd 100644
--- a/inputFiles/singlePhaseFlowFractures/fractureFlow_conforming_2d.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/singlePhaseFlowFractures/fractureFlow_conforming_2d.xml
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
     <SurfaceGenerator
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Fracture }"
-      rockToughness="1e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
 
diff --git a/inputFiles/singlePhaseFlowFractures/fractureJunctionFlow_conforming_2d.xml b/inputFiles/singlePhaseFlowFractures/fractureJunctionFlow_conforming_2d.xml
index e1902e65f51..a85f2e3b715 100644
--- a/inputFiles/singlePhaseFlowFractures/fractureJunctionFlow_conforming_2d.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/singlePhaseFlowFractures/fractureJunctionFlow_conforming_2d.xml
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
     <SurfaceGenerator
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Fracture }"
-      rockToughness="1e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
 
diff --git a/inputFiles/singlePhaseFlowFractures/fractureMatrixFlowWithGravity_conforming_2d_smoke.xml b/inputFiles/singlePhaseFlowFractures/fractureMatrixFlowWithGravity_conforming_2d_smoke.xml
index 8f7226b2f85..2250f3b5fe5 100644
--- a/inputFiles/singlePhaseFlowFractures/fractureMatrixFlowWithGravity_conforming_2d_smoke.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/singlePhaseFlowFractures/fractureMatrixFlowWithGravity_conforming_2d_smoke.xml
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
     <SurfaceGenerator
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Fracture }"
-      rockToughness="1e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
 
diff --git a/inputFiles/singlePhaseFlowFractures/fractureMatrixFlow_conforming_2d.xml b/inputFiles/singlePhaseFlowFractures/fractureMatrixFlow_conforming_2d.xml
index 6d9f7f2692e..7f475b928ab 100644
--- a/inputFiles/singlePhaseFlowFractures/fractureMatrixFlow_conforming_2d.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/singlePhaseFlowFractures/fractureMatrixFlow_conforming_2d.xml
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
     <SurfaceGenerator
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Fracture }"
-      rockToughness="1e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
 
diff --git a/inputFiles/singlePhaseFlowFractures/impermeableFault_conforming_base.xml b/inputFiles/singlePhaseFlowFractures/impermeableFault_conforming_base.xml
index c05815fe353..13ed96f0b8c 100644
--- a/inputFiles/singlePhaseFlowFractures/impermeableFault_conforming_base.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/singlePhaseFlowFractures/impermeableFault_conforming_base.xml
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
     <SurfaceGenerator
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Fracture }"
-      rockToughness="1e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
 
diff --git a/inputFiles/surfaceGeneration/DryFrac_StaticPenny_PrismElem.xml b/inputFiles/surfaceGeneration/DryFrac_StaticPenny_PrismElem.xml
index f398d7beb79..ada8953f37b 100644
--- a/inputFiles/surfaceGeneration/DryFrac_StaticPenny_PrismElem.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/surfaceGeneration/DryFrac_StaticPenny_PrismElem.xml
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
     <SurfaceGenerator
       name="SurfaceGen"
-      rockToughness="0.5e100"
+      initialRockToughness="0.5e100"
       nodeBasedSIF="1"
       logLevel="1"
       targetRegions="{ Region2 }"
diff --git a/inputFiles/surfaceGeneration/DryFrac_ThreeNodesPinched_HorizontalFrac.xml b/inputFiles/surfaceGeneration/DryFrac_ThreeNodesPinched_HorizontalFrac.xml
index b19685f6361..948031f20fc 100644
--- a/inputFiles/surfaceGeneration/DryFrac_ThreeNodesPinched_HorizontalFrac.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/surfaceGeneration/DryFrac_ThreeNodesPinched_HorizontalFrac.xml
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 
     <SurfaceGenerator
       name="SurfaceGen"
-      rockToughness="1e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1e6"
       nodeBasedSIF="1"
       logLevel="1"
       targetRegions="{ Region2 }"
diff --git a/inputFiles/surfaceGeneration/DryFrac_ThreeNodesPinched_SlantFrac.xml b/inputFiles/surfaceGeneration/DryFrac_ThreeNodesPinched_SlantFrac.xml
index cac0aca36ed..1845c63e9a6 100644
--- a/inputFiles/surfaceGeneration/DryFrac_ThreeNodesPinched_SlantFrac.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/surfaceGeneration/DryFrac_ThreeNodesPinched_SlantFrac.xml
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 
     <SurfaceGenerator
       name="SurfaceGen"
-      rockToughness="1e5"
+      initialRockToughness="1e5"
       nodeBasedSIF="1"
       logLevel="1"
       targetRegions="{ Region2 }"
diff --git a/inputFiles/surfaceGeneration/SurfaceGenerator.xml b/inputFiles/surfaceGeneration/SurfaceGenerator.xml
index ce80a10e4b9..7fe0bb15010 100644
--- a/inputFiles/surfaceGeneration/SurfaceGenerator.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/surfaceGeneration/SurfaceGenerator.xml
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
     <SurfaceGenerator
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Region2 }"
-      rockToughness="1e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1" />
   </Solvers>
 
@@ -190,5 +190,5 @@
       name="restartOutput"/>
   </Outputs>
 
-  <!-- <Fracture failCriterion="1" failGap="0.0004" fractureFlag="100" preFractureSetName="perf" rockToughness="1e6" separableSet="all"/> -->
+  <!-- <Fracture failCriterion="1" failGap="0.0004" fractureFlag="100" preFractureSetName="perf" initialRockToughness="1e6" separableSet="all"/> -->
 </Problem>
diff --git a/inputFiles/surfaceGeneration/cube_8.xml b/inputFiles/surfaceGeneration/cube_8.xml
index 2f002bb34b9..b5920ca47fa 100644
--- a/inputFiles/surfaceGeneration/cube_8.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/surfaceGeneration/cube_8.xml
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
       name="SurfaceGen"
       logLevel="1"
       targetRegions="{ Region2 }"
-      rockToughness="1e60"
+      initialRockToughness="1e60"
       mpiCommOrder="1" />
   </Solvers>
 
@@ -231,5 +231,5 @@
       name="restartOutput"/>
   </Outputs>
 
-  <!-- <Fracture failCriterion="1" failGap="0.0004" fractureFlag="100" preFractureSetName="perf" rockToughness="1e6" separableSet="all"/> -->
+  <!-- <Fracture failCriterion="1" failGap="0.0004" fractureFlag="100" preFractureSetName="perf" initialRockToughness="1e6" separableSet="all"/> -->
 </Problem>
diff --git a/inputFiles/thermalSinglePhaseFlowFractures/fractureMatrixThermalFlow_conforming_base.xml b/inputFiles/thermalSinglePhaseFlowFractures/fractureMatrixThermalFlow_conforming_base.xml
index 57cfd350256..9c903ebf0e4 100644
--- a/inputFiles/thermalSinglePhaseFlowFractures/fractureMatrixThermalFlow_conforming_base.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/thermalSinglePhaseFlowFractures/fractureMatrixThermalFlow_conforming_base.xml
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
     <SurfaceGenerator
       name="SurfaceGen"
       targetRegions="{ Fracture }"
-      rockToughness="1e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
 
diff --git a/inputFiles/thermoPoromechanicsFractures/ThermoPoroElastic_conforming_base.xml b/inputFiles/thermoPoromechanicsFractures/ThermoPoroElastic_conforming_base.xml
index e32a27879d0..69ebbdcaaba 100644
--- a/inputFiles/thermoPoromechanicsFractures/ThermoPoroElastic_conforming_base.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/thermoPoromechanicsFractures/ThermoPoroElastic_conforming_base.xml
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
       name="SurfaceGenerator"
       targetRegions="{ RockMatrix }"
       fractureRegion="Fracture"
-      rockToughness="1e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
   </Solvers>
 
diff --git a/inputFiles/wellbore/CasedElasticWellbore_ImperfectInterfaces_base.xml b/inputFiles/wellbore/CasedElasticWellbore_ImperfectInterfaces_base.xml
index 0f782918ec9..fb52fd5f479 100644
--- a/inputFiles/wellbore/CasedElasticWellbore_ImperfectInterfaces_base.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/wellbore/CasedElasticWellbore_ImperfectInterfaces_base.xml
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
       name="SurfaceGen"
       fractureRegion="Fracture"
       targetRegions="{ casing, cement, rock }"
-      rockToughness="1.0e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1.0e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
     <!-- SPHINX_SolversSurfaceGeneratorEnd -->
  
diff --git a/inputFiles/wellbore/CasedThermoElasticWellbore_ImperfectInterfaces_base.xml b/inputFiles/wellbore/CasedThermoElasticWellbore_ImperfectInterfaces_base.xml
index ae8b6baea35..ab4ccf65952 100644
--- a/inputFiles/wellbore/CasedThermoElasticWellbore_ImperfectInterfaces_base.xml
+++ b/inputFiles/wellbore/CasedThermoElasticWellbore_ImperfectInterfaces_base.xml
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
       name="SurfaceGen"
       fractureRegion="Fracture"
       targetRegions="{ casing, cement, rock }"
-      rockToughness="1.0e6"
+      initialRockToughness="1.0e6"
       mpiCommOrder="1"/>
     <!-- SPHINX_SolversSurfaceGeneratorEnd -->
   </Solvers>
diff --git a/src/coreComponents/physicsSolvers/surfaceGeneration/SurfaceGenerator.cpp b/src/coreComponents/physicsSolvers/surfaceGeneration/SurfaceGenerator.cpp
index 2e16f5bfeea..aaf9430df2b 100644
--- a/src/coreComponents/physicsSolvers/surfaceGeneration/SurfaceGenerator.cpp
+++ b/src/coreComponents/physicsSolvers/surfaceGeneration/SurfaceGenerator.cpp
@@ -180,15 +180,27 @@ SurfaceGenerator::SurfaceGenerator( const string & name,
 //  m_maxTurnAngle(91.0),
   m_nodeBasedSIF( 1 ),
   m_isPoroelastic( 0 ),
-  m_rockToughness( 1.0e99 ),
+  m_initialRockToughness( 1.0e99 ),
+  m_toughnessScalingFactor( 0.0 ),
+  m_fractureOrigin( { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 } ),
   m_mpiCommOrder( 0 )
 {
   this->registerWrapper( viewKeyStruct::failCriterionString(), &this->m_failCriterion );
 
 
-  registerWrapper( viewKeyStruct::rockToughnessString(), &m_rockToughness ).
+  registerWrapper( viewKeyStruct::initialRockToughnessString(), &m_initialRockToughness ).
     setInputFlag( InputFlags::REQUIRED ).
-    setDescription( "Rock toughness of the solid material" );
+    setDescription( "Initial rock toughness of the solid material" );
+
+  registerWrapper( viewKeyStruct::toughnessScalingFactorString(), &m_toughnessScalingFactor ).
+    setApplyDefaultValue( 0.0 ).
+    setInputFlag( InputFlags::OPTIONAL ).
+    setDescription( "Scaling factor for the rock toughness of the solid material" );
+
+  registerWrapper( viewKeyStruct::fractureOriginString(), &m_fractureOrigin ).
+    setDefaultValue( m_fractureOrigin ).
+    setInputFlag( InputFlags::OPTIONAL ).
+    setDescription( "Coordinate of fracture origin" );
 
   registerWrapper( viewKeyStruct::nodeBasedSIFString(), &m_nodeBasedSIF ).
     setInputFlag( InputFlags::OPTIONAL ).
@@ -372,17 +384,18 @@ void SurfaceGenerator::initializePostInitialConditionsPreSubGroups()
     FaceManager & faceManager = meshLevel.getFaceManager();
     ElementRegionManager & elementManager = meshLevel.getElemManager();
     arrayView2d< real64 const > const & faceNormals = faceManager.faceNormal();
+    arrayView2d< real64 const > const & faceCenters = faceManager.faceCenter();
 
     //TODO: roughness to KIC should be made a material constitutive relationship.
     arrayView2d< real64 > const & KIC = faceManager.getField< surfaceGeneration::K_IC >();
 
     for( localIndex kf=0; kf<faceManager.size(); ++kf )
     {
-      if( m_rockToughness >= 0 )
+      if( m_initialRockToughness >= 0 )
       {
-        KIC[kf][0] = m_rockToughness;
-        KIC[kf][1] = m_rockToughness;
-        KIC[kf][2] = m_rockToughness;
+        KIC[kf][0] = m_initialRockToughness;
+        KIC[kf][1] = m_initialRockToughness;
+        KIC[kf][2] = m_initialRockToughness;
       }
       else
       {
@@ -390,6 +403,10 @@ void SurfaceGenerator::initializePostInitialConditionsPreSubGroups()
         arrayView2d< localIndex const > const & faceToSubRegionMap = faceManager.elementSubRegionList();
         arrayView2d< localIndex const > const & faceToElementMap = faceManager.elementList();
 
+        KIC[kf][0] = 1e99;
+        KIC[kf][1] = 1e99;
+        KIC[kf][2] = 1e99;
+
         for( localIndex k=0; k<faceToRegionMap.size( 1 ); ++k )
         {
           localIndex const er = faceToRegionMap[kf][k];
@@ -423,6 +440,25 @@ void SurfaceGenerator::initializePostInitialConditionsPreSubGroups()
           }
         }
       }
+      if( m_toughnessScalingFactor > 0.0 )
+      {
+        real64 faceCenter[3];
+        faceCenter[0] = faceCenters[kf][0];
+        faceCenter[1] = faceCenters[kf][1];
+        faceCenter[2] = faceCenters[kf][2];
+
+        for( localIndex dim=0; dim<3; ++dim )
+        {
+          real64 const initialRockToughness = KIC[kf][dim];
+
+          real64 const scaledToughness = scalingToughness( m_fractureOrigin,
+                                                           faceCenter,
+                                                           initialRockToughness,
+                                                           m_toughnessScalingFactor );
+
+          KIC[kf][dim] = scaledToughness;
+        }
+      }
     }
   } );
 }
@@ -558,7 +594,6 @@ real64 SurfaceGenerator::solverStep( real64 const & time_n,
       PermeabilityBase & permModel = getConstitutiveModel< PermeabilityBase >( fractureSubRegion, permModelName );
       permModel.initializeState();
     }
-
   } );
 
   return rval;
@@ -4562,6 +4597,20 @@ SurfaceGenerator::calculateRuptureRate( SurfaceElementRegion & faceElementRegion
   return globalMaxRuptureRate;
 }
 
+real64 SurfaceGenerator::scalingToughness( R1Tensor const fractureOrigin,
+                                           real64 const (&faceCenter)[3],
+                                           real64 const initialRockToughness,
+                                           real64 const toughnessScalingFactor )
+{
+  real64 const distance = sqrt( (fractureOrigin[0] - faceCenter[0])*(fractureOrigin[0] - faceCenter[0]) +
+                                (fractureOrigin[1] - faceCenter[1])*(fractureOrigin[1] - faceCenter[1]) +
+                                (fractureOrigin[2] - faceCenter[2])*(fractureOrigin[2] - faceCenter[2]) );
+
+  real64 scaledToughness = initialRockToughness*( 1 + toughnessScalingFactor*sqrt( distance ) );
+
+  return scaledToughness;
+}
+
 
 
 REGISTER_CATALOG_ENTRY( PhysicsSolverBase,
diff --git a/src/coreComponents/physicsSolvers/surfaceGeneration/SurfaceGenerator.hpp b/src/coreComponents/physicsSolvers/surfaceGeneration/SurfaceGenerator.hpp
index 4e435f9b566..084b63c5fe6 100644
--- a/src/coreComponents/physicsSolvers/surfaceGeneration/SurfaceGenerator.hpp
+++ b/src/coreComponents/physicsSolvers/surfaceGeneration/SurfaceGenerator.hpp
@@ -503,6 +503,11 @@ class SurfaceGenerator : public PhysicsSolverBase
 
   real64 calculateRuptureRate( SurfaceElementRegion & faceElementRegion );
 
+  real64 scalingToughness( R1Tensor const fractureOrigin,
+                           real64 const (&faceCenter)[3],
+                           real64 const initialRockToughness,
+                           real64 const toughnessScalingFactor );
+
   /**
    * @struct viewKeyStruct holds char strings and viewKeys for fast lookup
    */
@@ -521,7 +526,10 @@ class SurfaceGenerator : public PhysicsSolverBase
 
     //TODO: rock toughness should be a material parameter, and we need to make rock toughness to KIC a constitutive
     // relation.
-    constexpr static char const * rockToughnessString() { return "rockToughness"; }
+    constexpr static char const * initialRockToughnessString() { return "initialRockToughness"; }
+    constexpr static char const * toughnessScalingFactorString() { return "toughnessScalingFactor"; }
+    //TODO: fracture origin can be obtained from the initial fracture geometry
+    constexpr static char const * fractureOriginString() { return "fractureOrigin"; }
 
 //    //TODO: Once the node-based SIF criterion becomes mature and robust, remove the edge-based criterion.
     constexpr static char const * nodeBasedSIFString() { return "nodeBasedSIF"; }
@@ -541,7 +549,11 @@ class SurfaceGenerator : public PhysicsSolverBase
 
   int m_isPoroelastic;
 
-  real64 m_rockToughness;
+  real64 m_initialRockToughness;
+
+  real64 m_toughnessScalingFactor;
+
+  R1Tensor m_fractureOrigin;
 
   // Flag for consistent communication ordering
   int m_mpiCommOrder;
diff --git a/src/coreComponents/schema/schema.xsd b/src/coreComponents/schema/schema.xsd
index b1d8b4b5541..38d29f7070e 100644
--- a/src/coreComponents/schema/schema.xsd
+++ b/src/coreComponents/schema/schema.xsd
@@ -4634,10 +4634,14 @@ Level 0 outputs no specific information for this solver. Higher levels require m
 		</xsd:choice>
 		<!--cflFactor => Factor to apply to the `CFL condition <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy_condition>`_ when calculating the maximum allowable time step. Values should be in the interval (0,1] -->
 		<xsd:attribute name="cflFactor" type="real64" default="0.5" />
+		<!--fractureOrigin => Coordinate of fracture origin-->
+		<xsd:attribute name="fractureOrigin" type="R1Tensor" default="{0,0,0}" />
 		<!--fractureRegion => (no description available)-->
 		<xsd:attribute name="fractureRegion" type="groupNameRef" default="Fracture" />
 		<!--initialDt => Initial time-step value required by the solver to the event manager.-->
 		<xsd:attribute name="initialDt" type="real64" default="1e+99" />
+		<!--initialRockToughness => Initial rock toughness of the solid material-->
+		<xsd:attribute name="initialRockToughness" type="real64" use="required" />
 		<!--isPoroelastic => Flag that defines whether the material is poroelastic or not.-->
 		<xsd:attribute name="isPoroelastic" type="integer" default="0" />
 		<!--logLevel => Sets the level of information to write in the standard output (the console typically).
@@ -4661,10 +4665,10 @@ Level 0 outputs no specific information for this solver. Higher levels require m
 		<xsd:attribute name="mpiCommOrder" type="integer" default="0" />
 		<!--nodeBasedSIF => Flag for choosing between node or edge based criteria: 1 for node based criterion-->
 		<xsd:attribute name="nodeBasedSIF" type="integer" default="0" />
-		<!--rockToughness => Rock toughness of the solid material-->
-		<xsd:attribute name="rockToughness" type="real64" use="required" />
 		<!--targetRegions => Allowable regions that the solver may be applied to. Note that this does not indicate that the solver will be applied to these regions, only that allocation will occur such that the solver may be applied to these regions. The decision about what regions this solver will beapplied to rests in the EventManager.-->
 		<xsd:attribute name="targetRegions" type="groupNameRef_array" use="required" />
+		<!--toughnessScalingFactor => Scaling factor for the rock toughness of the solid material-->
+		<xsd:attribute name="toughnessScalingFactor" type="real64" default="0" />
 		<!--writeLinearSystem => Write matrix, rhs, solution to screen ( = 1) or file ( = 2).-->
 		<xsd:attribute name="writeLinearSystem" type="integer" default="0" />
 		<!--name => A name is required for any non-unique nodes-->