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cperl-mode.el
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;;; cperl-mode.el --- Perl code editing commands -*- lexical-binding:t -*-
;; Copyright (C) 1985-1987, 1991-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
;; Author: Ilya Zakharevich
;; Bob Olson
;; Jonathan Rockway <[email protected]>
;; Harald Jörg <[email protected]>
;; Maintainer: [email protected]
;; Keywords: languages, Perl
;; Package-Requires: ((emacs "26.1"))
;; Package-Version: 7.00
;; Homepage: https://github.com/HaraldJoerg/cperl-mode
;; This file is based on the original which is part of GNU Emacs.
;; Modifications 2020 by Harald Joerg <[email protected]>
;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
;; (at your option) any later version.
;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
;; GNU General Public License for more details.
;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; from the same repository where you found this file. If not, see
;; <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
;; Corrections made by Ilya Zakharevich [email protected]
;;; Commentary:
;; This file contains experimental support for various non-core
;; feature sets of Perl, including the not-yet-released Cor OO system.
;; The latest version is available from
;; http://github.com/HaraldJoerg/cperl-mode
;; You can either fine-tune the bells and whistles of this mode or
;; bulk enable them by putting
;; (setq cperl-hairy t)
;; in your .emacs file. (Emacs rulers do not consider it politically
;; correct to make whistles enabled by default.)
;; DO NOT FORGET to read micro-docs (available from `Perl' menu) <<<<<<
;; or as help on variables `cperl-tips', `cperl-problems', <<<<<<
;; `cperl-praise', `cperl-speed'. <<<<<<
;; The mode information (on C-h m) provides some customization help.
;; If you use font-lock feature of this mode, it is advisable to use
;; either lazy-lock-mode or fast-lock-mode. I prefer lazy-lock.
;; Faces used now: three faces for first-class and second-class keywords
;; and control flow words, one for each: comments, string, labels,
;; functions definitions and packages, arrays, hashes, and variable
;; definitions. If you do not see all these faces, your font-lock does
;; not define them, so you need to define them manually.
;; This mode supports font-lock, imenu and mode-compile. In the
;; hairy version font-lock is on, but you should activate imenu
;; yourself (note that mode-compile is not standard yet). Well, you
;; can use imenu from keyboard anyway (M-x imenu), but it is better
;; to bind it like that:
;; (define-key global-map [M-S-down-mouse-3] 'imenu)
;;; Code:
;;; Compatibility with older versions (for publishing on ELPA)
;; The following helpers allow cperl-mode.el to work with older
;; versions of Emacs.
;;
;; Whenever the minimum version is bumped (see "Package-Requires"
;; above), please eliminate the corresponding compatibility-helpers.
;; Whenever you create a new compatibility-helper, please add it here.
;; Available in Emacs 27.1: time-convert
(defalias 'cperl--time-convert
(if (fboundp 'time-convert) 'time-convert
'encode-time))
;; Available in Emacs 28: format-prompt
(defalias 'cperl--format-prompt
(if (fboundp 'format-prompt) 'format-prompt
(lambda (msg default)
(if default (format "%s (default %s): " msg default)
(concat msg ": ")))))
(eval-when-compile (require 'cl-lib))
(require 'facemenu)
(defvar msb-menu-cond)
(defvar gud-perldb-history)
(defvar vc-rcs-header)
(defvar vc-sccs-header)
(defun cperl-choose-color (&rest list)
"Return the first color from LIST which is supported on the frame."
(let (answer)
(while list
(or answer
(if (or (x-color-defined-p (car list))
(null (cdr list)))
(setq answer (car list))))
(setq list (cdr list)))
answer))
;;; Customization
(defgroup cperl nil
"Major mode for editing Perl code."
:prefix "cperl-"
:group 'languages
:version "20.3")
(defgroup cperl-indentation-details nil
"Indentation."
:prefix "cperl-"
:group 'cperl)
(defgroup cperl-affected-by-hairy nil
"Variables affected by `cperl-hairy'."
:prefix "cperl-"
:group 'cperl)
(defgroup cperl-autoinsert-details nil
"Auto-insert tuneup."
:prefix "cperl-"
:group 'cperl)
(defgroup cperl-faces nil
"Fontification colors."
:link '(custom-group-link :tag "Font Lock Faces group" font-lock-faces)
:prefix "cperl-"
:group 'cperl)
(defgroup cperl-speed nil
"Speed vs. validity tuneup."
:prefix "cperl-"
:group 'cperl)
(defgroup cperl-help-system nil
"Help system tuneup."
:prefix "cperl-"
:group 'cperl)
(defgroup cperl-keyword-sets nil
"Add keywords coming from Perl modules"
:prefix "cperl-" ;; how is this used? -- haj 2020-06-20
:group 'cperl)
(defcustom cperl-extra-newline-before-brace nil
"If true, add a newline before opening braces.
Non-nil means that if, elsif, while, until, else, for, foreach
and do constructs look like:
if ()
{
}
instead of:
if () {
}"
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl-autoinsert-details)
(defcustom cperl-extra-newline-before-brace-multiline
cperl-extra-newline-before-brace
"If true, add a newline before opening braces.
Non-nil means the same as `cperl-extra-newline-before-brace', but
for constructs with multiline if/unless/while/until/for/foreach condition."
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl-autoinsert-details)
(defcustom cperl-indent-level 2
"Indentation of CPerl statements with respect to containing block."
:type 'integer
:group 'cperl-indentation-details)
;; It is not unusual to put both things like perl-indent-level and
;; cperl-indent-level in the local variable section of a file. If only
;; one of perl-mode and cperl-mode is in use, a warning will be issued
;; about the variable. Autoload these here, so that no warning is
;; issued when using either perl-mode or cperl-mode.
;;;###autoload(put 'cperl-indent-level 'safe-local-variable 'integerp)
;;;###autoload(put 'cperl-brace-offset 'safe-local-variable 'integerp)
;;;###autoload(put 'cperl-continued-brace-offset 'safe-local-variable 'integerp)
;;;###autoload(put 'cperl-label-offset 'safe-local-variable 'integerp)
;;;###autoload(put 'cperl-continued-statement-offset 'safe-local-variable 'integerp)
;;;###autoload(put 'cperl-extra-newline-before-brace 'safe-local-variable 'booleanp)
;;;###autoload(put 'cperl-merge-trailing-else 'safe-local-variable 'booleanp)
(defcustom cperl-lineup-step nil
"`cperl-lineup' will always lineup at multiple of this number.
If nil, the value of `cperl-indent-level' will be used."
:type '(choice (const nil) integer)
:group 'cperl-indentation-details)
(defcustom cperl-brace-imaginary-offset 0
"Imagined indentation of a Perl open brace that actually follows a statement.
An open brace following other text is treated as if it were this far
to the right of the start of its line."
:type 'integer
:group 'cperl-indentation-details)
(defcustom cperl-brace-offset 0
"Extra indentation for braces, compared with other text in same context."
:type 'integer
:group 'cperl-indentation-details)
(defcustom cperl-label-offset -2
"Offset of CPerl label lines relative to usual indentation."
:type 'integer
:group 'cperl-indentation-details)
(defcustom cperl-min-label-indent 1
"Minimal offset of CPerl label lines."
:type 'integer
:group 'cperl-indentation-details)
(defcustom cperl-continued-statement-offset 2
"Extra indent for lines not starting new statements."
:type 'integer
:group 'cperl-indentation-details)
(defcustom cperl-continued-brace-offset 0
"Extra indent for substatements that start with open-braces.
This is in addition to `cperl-continued-statement-offset'."
:type 'integer
:group 'cperl-indentation-details)
(defcustom cperl-close-paren-offset -1
"Extra indent for substatements that start with close-parenthesis."
:type 'integer
:group 'cperl-indentation-details)
(defcustom cperl-indent-wrt-brace t
"Non-nil means indent statements in if/etc block relative brace, not if/etc.
Versions 5.2 ... 5.20 behaved as if this were nil."
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl-indentation-details)
(defcustom cperl-indent-subs-specially t
"Non-nil means indent subs that are inside other blocks (hash
values, for example) relative to the beginning of the \"sub\"
keyword, rather than relative to the statement that contains the
declaration."
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl-indentation-details)
(defcustom cperl-auto-newline nil
"If true, insert newlines automatically where apprporiate.
Non-nil means automatically newline before and after braces,
and after colons and semicolons, inserted in CPerl code. The following
\\[cperl-electric-backspace] will remove the inserted whitespace.
Insertion after colons requires both this variable and
`cperl-auto-newline-after-colon' set."
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl-autoinsert-details)
(defcustom cperl-autoindent-on-semi nil
"Non-nil means automatically indent after insertion of (semi)colon.
Active if `cperl-auto-newline' is false."
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl-autoinsert-details)
(defcustom cperl-auto-newline-after-colon nil
"Non-nil means automatically newline even after colons.
Subject to `cperl-auto-newline' setting."
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl-autoinsert-details)
(defcustom cperl-tab-always-indent t
"Non-nil means TAB in CPerl mode should always reindent the current line.
This is regardless of where in the line point is when the TAB command is used."
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl-indentation-details)
(defcustom cperl-font-lock nil
"If non-nil (and non-null), CPerl buffers will use the command `font-lock-mode'.
Can be overwritten by `cperl-hairy' if nil."
:type '(choice (const null) boolean)
:group 'cperl-affected-by-hairy)
(defcustom cperl-electric-lbrace-space nil
"Non-nil (and non-null) means { after $ should be preceded by ` '.
Can be overwritten by `cperl-hairy' if nil."
:type '(choice (const null) boolean)
:group 'cperl-affected-by-hairy)
(defcustom cperl-electric-parens-string "({[]})<"
"String of parentheses that should be electric in CPerl.
Closing ones are electric only if the region is highlighted."
:type 'string
:group 'cperl-affected-by-hairy)
(defcustom cperl-electric-parens nil
"Non-nil (and non-null) means parentheses should be electric in CPerl.
Can be overwritten by `cperl-hairy' if nil."
:type '(choice (const null) boolean)
:group 'cperl-affected-by-hairy)
(defcustom cperl-electric-parens-mark window-system
"Not-nil means that electric parens look for active mark.
Default is yes if there is visual feedback on mark."
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl-autoinsert-details)
(defcustom cperl-electric-linefeed nil
"If true, LFD should be hairy in CPerl, otherwise C-c LFD is hairy.
In any case these two mean plain and hairy linefeeds together.
Can be overwritten by `cperl-hairy' if nil."
:type '(choice (const null) boolean)
:group 'cperl-affected-by-hairy)
(defcustom cperl-electric-keywords nil
"Not-nil (and non-null) means keywords are electric in CPerl.
Can be overwritten by `cperl-hairy' if nil.
Uses the function `abbrev-mode' to do the expansion. If you want
to use your own abbrevs in `cperl-mode', but do not want keywords
to be electric, you must redefine `cperl-mode-abbrev-table': do
\\[edit-abbrevs], search for `cperl-mode-abbrev-table', and, in
that paragraph, delete the words that appear at the ends of lines and
that begin with \"cperl-electric\".
"
:type '(choice (const null) boolean)
:group 'cperl-affected-by-hairy)
(defcustom cperl-electric-backspace-untabify t
"Not-nil means electric-backspace will untabify in CPerl."
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl-autoinsert-details)
(defcustom cperl-hairy nil
"Not-nil means most of the bells and whistles are enabled in CPerl.
Affects: `cperl-font-lock', `cperl-electric-lbrace-space',
`cperl-electric-parens', `cperl-electric-linefeed', `cperl-electric-keywords',
`cperl-info-on-command-no-prompt', `cperl-clobber-lisp-bindings',
`cperl-lazy-help-time'."
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl-affected-by-hairy)
(defcustom cperl-comment-column 32
"Column to put comments in CPerl (use \\[cperl-indent] to lineup with code)."
:type 'integer
:group 'cperl-indentation-details)
(defcustom cperl-indent-comment-at-column-0 nil
"Non-nil means that comment started at column 0 should be indentable."
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl-indentation-details)
(defcustom cperl-vc-sccs-header '("($sccs) = ('%W\ %' =~ /(\\d+(\\.\\d+)+)/) ;")
"Special version of `vc-sccs-header' that is used in CPerl mode buffers."
:type '(repeat string)
:group 'cperl)
(defcustom cperl-vc-rcs-header '("($rcs) = (' $Id\ $ ' =~ /(\\d+(\\.\\d+)+)/);")
"Special version of `vc-rcs-header' that is used in CPerl mode buffers."
:type '(repeat string)
:group 'cperl)
;; (defcustom cperl-clobber-mode-lists
;; (not
;; (and
;; (boundp 'interpreter-mode-alist)
;; (assoc "miniperl" interpreter-mode-alist)
;; (assoc "\\.\\([pP][Llm]\\|al\\)$" auto-mode-alist)))
;; "Whether to install us into `interpreter-' and `extension' mode lists."
;; :type 'boolean
;; :group 'cperl)
(defcustom cperl-info-on-command-no-prompt nil
"Not-nil (and non-null) means not to prompt on \\[cperl-info-on-command].
The opposite behavior is always available if prefixed with C-c.
Can be overwritten by `cperl-hairy' if nil."
:type '(choice (const null) boolean)
:group 'cperl-affected-by-hairy)
(defcustom cperl-clobber-lisp-bindings nil
"Not-nil (and non-null) means not overwrite C-h f.
The function is available on \\[cperl-info-on-command], \\[cperl-get-help].
Can be overwritten by `cperl-hairy' if nil."
:type '(choice (const null) boolean)
:group 'cperl-affected-by-hairy)
(defcustom cperl-lazy-help-time nil
"Not-nil (and non-null) means to show lazy help after given idle time.
Can be overwritten by `cperl-hairy' to be 5 sec if nil."
:type '(choice (const null) (const nil) integer)
:group 'cperl-affected-by-hairy)
(defcustom cperl-pod-face 'font-lock-comment-face
"Face for POD highlighting."
:type 'face
:group 'cperl-faces)
(defcustom cperl-pod-head-face 'font-lock-variable-name-face
"Face for POD highlighting.
Font for POD headers."
:type 'face
:group 'cperl-faces)
(defcustom cperl-here-face 'font-lock-string-face
"Face for here-docs highlighting."
:type 'face
:group 'cperl-faces)
(defcustom cperl-invalid-face 'underline
"Face for highlighting trailing whitespace."
:type 'face
:version "21.1"
:group 'cperl-faces)
(defcustom cperl-pod-here-fontify '(featurep 'font-lock)
"Not-nil after evaluation means to highlight POD and here-docs sections."
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl-faces)
(defcustom cperl-fontify-m-as-s t
"Not-nil means highlight 1arg regular expressions operators same as 2arg."
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl-faces)
(defcustom cperl-highlight-variables-indiscriminately nil
"Non-nil means perform additional highlighting on variables.
Currently only changes how scalar variables are highlighted.
Note that the variable is only read at initialization time for
the variable `cperl-font-lock-keywords-2', so changing it after you've
entered CPerl mode the first time will have no effect."
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl)
(defcustom cperl-pod-here-scan t
"Not-nil means look for POD and here-docs sections during startup.
You can always make lookup from menu or using \\[cperl-find-pods-heres]."
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl-speed)
(defcustom cperl-regexp-scan t
"Not-nil means make marking of regular expression more thorough.
Effective only with `cperl-pod-here-scan'."
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl-speed)
(defcustom cperl-hook-after-change t
"Not-nil means install hook to know which regions of buffer are changed.
May significantly speed up delayed fontification. Changes take effect
after reload."
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl-speed)
(defcustom cperl-imenu-addback nil
"Not-nil means add backreferences to generated `imenu's.
May require patched `imenu' and `imenu-go'. Obsolete."
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl-help-system)
(defcustom cperl-max-help-size 66
"Non-nil means shrink-wrapping of info-buffer allowed up to these percents."
:type '(choice integer (const nil))
:group 'cperl-help-system)
(defcustom cperl-shrink-wrap-info-frame t
"Non-nil means shrink-wrapping of info-buffer-frame allowed."
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl-help-system)
(defcustom cperl-info-page "perl"
"Name of the Info manual containing perl docs.
Older version of this page was called `perl5', newer `perl'."
:type 'string
:group 'cperl-help-system)
(defcustom cperl-use-syntax-table-text-property t
"Non-nil means CPerl sets up and uses `syntax-table' text property."
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl-speed)
(defcustom cperl-use-syntax-table-text-property-for-tags
cperl-use-syntax-table-text-property
"Non-nil means: set up and use `syntax-table' text property generating TAGS."
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl-speed)
(defcustom cperl-scan-files-regexp "\\.\\([pP][Llm]\\|xs\\)$"
"Regexp to match files to scan when generating TAGS."
:type 'regexp
:group 'cperl)
(defcustom cperl-noscan-files-regexp
"/\\(\\.\\.?\\|SCCS\\|RCS\\|CVS\\|blib\\)$"
"Regexp to match files/dirs to skip when generating TAGS."
:type 'regexp
:group 'cperl)
(defcustom cperl-regexp-indent-step nil
"Indentation used when beautifying regexps.
If nil, the value of `cperl-indent-level' will be used."
:type '(choice integer (const nil))
:group 'cperl-indentation-details)
(defcustom cperl-indent-left-aligned-comments t
"Non-nil means that the comment starting in leftmost column should indent."
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl-indentation-details)
(defcustom cperl-under-as-char nil
"Non-nil means that the _ (underline) should be treated as word char."
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl)
(make-obsolete-variable 'cperl-under-as-char 'superword-mode "24.4")
(defcustom cperl-extra-perl-args ""
"Extra arguments to use when starting Perl.
Currently used with `cperl-check-syntax' only."
:type 'string
:group 'cperl)
(defcustom cperl-message-electric-keyword t
"Non-nil means that the `cperl-electric-keyword' prints a help message."
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl-help-system)
(defcustom cperl-indent-region-fix-constructs 1
"Amount of space to insert between `}' and `else' or `elsif'
in `cperl-indent-region'. Set to nil to leave as is. Values other
than 1 and nil will probably not work."
:type '(choice (const nil) (const 1))
:group 'cperl-indentation-details)
(defcustom cperl-break-one-line-blocks-when-indent t
"Non-nil means that one-line if/unless/while/until/for/foreach BLOCKs
need to be reformatted into multiline ones when indenting a region."
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl-indentation-details)
(defcustom cperl-fix-hanging-brace-when-indent t
"Non-nil means that BLOCK-end `}' may be put on a separate line
when indenting a region.
Braces followed by else/elsif/while/until are excepted."
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl-indentation-details)
(defcustom cperl-merge-trailing-else t
"Non-nil means that BLOCK-end `}' followed by else/elsif/continue
may be merged to be on the same line when indenting a region."
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl-indentation-details)
(defcustom cperl-indent-parens-as-block nil
"Non-nil means that non-block ()-, {}- and []-groups are indented as blocks,
but for trailing \",\" inside the group, which won't increase indentation.
One should tune up `cperl-close-paren-offset' as well."
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl-indentation-details)
(defcustom cperl-syntaxify-by-font-lock t
"Non-nil means that CPerl uses the `font-lock' routines for syntaxification."
:type '(choice (const message) boolean)
:group 'cperl-speed)
(defcustom cperl-syntaxify-unwind
t
"Non-nil means that CPerl unwinds to a start of a long construction
when syntaxifying a chunk of buffer."
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl-speed)
(defcustom cperl-syntaxify-for-menu
t
"Non-nil means that CPerl syntaxifies up to the point before showing menu.
This way enabling/disabling of menu items is more correct."
:type 'boolean
:group 'cperl-speed)
(defcustom cperl-ps-print-face-properties
'((font-lock-keyword-face nil nil bold shadow)
(font-lock-variable-name-face nil nil bold)
(font-lock-function-name-face nil nil bold italic box)
(font-lock-constant-face nil "LightGray" bold)
(cperl-array-face nil "LightGray" bold underline)
(cperl-hash-face nil "LightGray" bold italic underline)
(font-lock-comment-face nil "LightGray" italic)
(font-lock-string-face nil nil italic underline)
(cperl-nonoverridable-face nil nil italic underline)
(font-lock-type-face nil nil underline)
(font-lock-warning-face nil "LightGray" bold italic box)
(underline nil "LightGray" strikeout))
"List given as an argument to `ps-extend-face-list' in `cperl-ps-print'."
:type '(repeat (cons symbol
(cons (choice (const nil) string)
(cons (choice (const nil) string)
(repeat symbol)))))
:group 'cperl-faces)
(defcustom cperl-perldoc-program "perldoc"
"Path to the shell command perldoc."
:type 'file
:group 'cperl
:version 28)
(defcustom cperl-pod2html-program "pod2html"
"Path to the shell command pod2html."
:type 'file
:group 'cperl
:version 28)
(defvar cperl-dark-background
(cperl-choose-color "navy" "os2blue" "darkgreen"))
(defvar cperl-dark-foreground
(cperl-choose-color "orchid1" "orange"))
(defface cperl-nonoverridable-face
`((((class grayscale) (background light))
(:background "Gray90" :slant italic :underline t))
(((class grayscale) (background dark))
(:foreground "Gray80" :slant italic :underline t :weight bold))
(((class color) (background light))
(:foreground "chartreuse3"))
(((class color) (background dark))
(:foreground ,cperl-dark-foreground))
(t (:weight bold :underline t)))
"Font Lock mode face used non-overridable keywords and modifiers of regexps."
:group 'cperl-faces)
(defface cperl-array-face
`((((class grayscale) (background light))
(:background "Gray90" :weight bold))
(((class grayscale) (background dark))
(:foreground "Gray80" :weight bold))
(((class color) (background light))
(:foreground "Blue" :background "lightyellow2" :weight bold))
(((class color) (background dark))
(:foreground "yellow" :background ,cperl-dark-background :weight bold))
(t (:weight bold)))
"Font Lock mode face used to highlight array names."
:group 'cperl-faces)
(defface cperl-hash-face
`((((class grayscale) (background light))
(:background "Gray90" :weight bold :slant italic))
(((class grayscale) (background dark))
(:foreground "Gray80" :weight bold :slant italic))
(((class color) (background light))
(:foreground "Red" :background "lightyellow2" :weight bold :slant italic))
(((class color) (background dark))
(:foreground "Red" :background ,cperl-dark-background :weight bold :slant italic))
(t (:weight bold :slant italic)))
"Font Lock mode face used to highlight hash names."
:group 'cperl-faces)
;;; Short extra-docs.
(defvar cperl-tips 'please-ignore-this-line
"Note that to enable Compile choices in the menu you need to install
mode-compile.el.
If your Emacs does not default to `cperl-mode' on Perl files, and you
want it to: put the following into your .emacs file:
(defalias \\='perl-mode \\='cperl-mode)
Get perl5-info from
$CPAN/doc/manual/info/perl5-old/perl5-info.tar.gz
Also, one can generate a newer documentation running `pod2texi' converter
$CPAN/doc/manual/info/perl5/pod2texi-0.1.tar.gz
If you use imenu-go, run imenu on perl5-info buffer (you can do it
from Perl menu). If many files are related, generate TAGS files from
Tools/Tags submenu in Perl menu.
If some class structure is too complicated, use Tools/Hierarchy-view
from Perl menu, or hierarchic view of imenu. The second one uses the
current buffer only, the first one requires generation of TAGS from
Perl/Tools/Tags menu beforehand.
Run Perl/Tools/Insert-spaces-if-needed to fix your lazy typing.
Switch auto-help on/off with Perl/Tools/Auto-help.
Though with contemporary Emaxen CPerl mode should maintain the correct
parsing of Perl even when editing, sometimes it may be lost. Fix this by
\\[normal-mode]
In cases of more severe confusion sometimes it is helpful to do
\\[load-library] cperl-mode RET
\\[normal-mode]
Before reporting (non-)problems look in the problem section of online
micro-docs on what I know about CPerl problems.")
(defvar cperl-problems 'please-ignore-this-line
"Description of problems in CPerl mode.
`fill-paragraph' on a comment may leave the point behind the
paragraph. It also triggers a bug in some versions of Emacs (CPerl tries
to detect it and bulk out).
See documentation of a variable `cperl-problems-old-emaxen' for the
problems which disappear if you upgrade Emacs to a reasonably new
version (20.3 for Emacs).")
(defvar cperl-problems-old-emaxen 'please-ignore-this-line
"Description of problems in CPerl mode specific for older Emacs versions.
Emacs had a _very_ restricted syntax parsing engine until version
20.1. Most problems below are corrected starting from this version of
Emacs, and all of them should be fixed in version 20.3. (Or apply
patches to Emacs 19.33/34 - see tips.)
Note that even with newer Emacsen in some very rare cases the details
of interaction of `font-lock' and syntaxification may be not cleaned
up yet. You may get slightly different colors basing on the order of
fontification and syntaxification. Say, the initial faces is correct,
but editing the buffer breaks this.
Even with older Emacsen CPerl mode tries to corrects some Emacs
misunderstandings, however, for efficiency reasons the degree of
correction is different for different operations. The partially
corrected problems are: POD sections, here-documents, regexps. The
operations are: highlighting, indentation, electric keywords, electric
braces.
This may be confusing, since the regexp s#//#/#; may be highlighted
as a comment, but it will be recognized as a regexp by the indentation
code. Or the opposite case, when a POD section is highlighted, but
may break the indentation of the following code (though indentation
should work if the balance of delimiters is not broken by POD).
The main trick (to make $ a \"backslash\") makes constructions like
${aaa} look like unbalanced braces. The only trick I can think of is
to insert it as $ {aaa} (valid in perl5, not in perl4).
Similar problems arise in regexps, when /(\\s|$)/ should be rewritten
as /($|\\s)/. Note that such a transposition is not always possible.
The solution is to upgrade your Emacs or patch an older one. Note
that Emacs 20.2 has some bugs related to `syntax-table' text
properties. Patches are available on the main CPerl download site,
and on CPAN.
If these bugs cannot be fixed on your machine (say, you have an inferior
environment and cannot recompile), you may still disable all the fancy stuff
via `cperl-use-syntax-table-text-property'.")
(defvar cperl-praise 'please-ignore-this-line
"Advantages of CPerl mode.
0) It uses the newest `syntax-table' property ;-);
1) It does 99% of Perl syntax correct (as opposed to 80-90% in Perl
mode - but the latter number may have improved too in last years) even
with old Emaxen which do not support `syntax-table' property.
When using `syntax-table' property for syntax assist hints, it should
handle 99.995% of lines correct - or somesuch. It automatically
updates syntax assist hints when you edit your script.
2) It is generally believed to be \"the most user-friendly Emacs
package\" whatever it may mean (I doubt that the people who say similar
things tried _all_ the rest of Emacs ;-), but this was not a lonely
voice);
3) Everything is customizable, one-by-one or in a big sweep;
4) It has many easily-accessible \"tools\":
a) Can run program, check syntax, start debugger;
b) Can lineup vertically \"middles\" of rows, like `=' in
a = b;
cc = d;
c) Can insert spaces where this improves readability (in one
interactive sweep over the buffer);
d) Has support for imenu, including:
1) Separate unordered list of \"interesting places\";
2) Separate TOC of POD sections;
3) Separate list of packages;
4) Hierarchical view of methods in (sub)packages;
5) and functions (by the full name - with package);
e) Has an interface to INFO docs for Perl; The interface is
very flexible, including shrink-wrapping of
documentation buffer/frame;
f) Has a builtin list of one-line explanations for perl constructs.
g) Can show these explanations if you stay long enough at the
corresponding place (or on demand);
h) Has an enhanced fontification (using 3 or 4 additional faces
comparing to font-lock - basically, different
namespaces in Perl have different colors);
i) Can construct TAGS basing on its knowledge of Perl syntax,
the standard menu has 6 different way to generate
TAGS (if \"by directory\", .xs files - with C-language
bindings - are included in the scan);
j) Can build a hierarchical view of classes (via imenu) basing
on generated TAGS file;
k) Has electric parentheses, electric newlines, uses Abbrev
for electric logical constructs
while () {}
with different styles of expansion (context sensitive
to be not so bothering). Electric parentheses behave
\"as they should\" in a presence of a visible region.
l) Changes msb.el \"on the fly\" to insert a group \"Perl files\";
m) Can convert from
if (A) { B }
to
B if A;
n) Highlights (by user-choice) either 3-delimiters constructs
(such as tr/a/b/), or regular expressions and `y/tr';
o) Highlights trailing whitespace;
p) Is able to manipulate Perl Regular Expressions to ease
conversion to a more readable form.
q) Can ispell POD sections and HERE-DOCs.
r) Understands comments and character classes inside regular
expressions; can find matching () and [] in a regular expression.
s) Allows indentation of //x-style regular expressions;
t) Highlights different symbols in regular expressions according
to their function; much less problems with backslashitis;
u) Allows to find regular expressions which contain interpolated parts.
5) The indentation engine was very smart, but most of tricks may be
not needed anymore with the support for `syntax-table' property. Has
progress indicator for indentation (with `imenu' loaded).
6) Indent-region improves inline-comments as well; also corrects
whitespace *inside* the conditional/loop constructs.
7) Fill-paragraph correctly handles multi-line comments;
8) Can switch to different indentation styles by one command, and restore
the settings present before the switch.
9) When doing indentation of control constructs, may correct
line-breaks/spacing between elements of the construct.
10) Uses a linear-time algorithm for indentation of regions (on Emaxen with
capable syntax engines).
11) Syntax-highlight, indentation, sexp-recognition inside regular expressions.
")
(defvar cperl-speed 'please-ignore-this-line
"This is an incomplete compendium of what is available in other parts
of CPerl documentation. (Please inform me if I skipped anything.)
There is a perception that CPerl is slower than alternatives. This part
of documentation is designed to overcome this misconception.
*By default* CPerl tries to enable the most comfortable settings.
From most points of view, correctly working package is infinitely more
comfortable than a non-correctly working one, thus by default CPerl
prefers correctness over speed. Below is the guide how to change
settings if your preferences are different.
A) Speed of loading the file. When loading file, CPerl may perform a
scan which indicates places which cannot be parsed by primitive Emacs
syntax-parsing routines, and marks them up so that either
A1) CPerl may work around these deficiencies (for big chunks, mostly
PODs and HERE-documents), or
A2) On capable Emaxen CPerl will use improved syntax-handling
which reads mark-up hints directly.
The scan in case A2 is much more comprehensive, thus may be slower.
User can disable syntax-engine-helping scan of A2 by setting
`cperl-use-syntax-table-text-property'
variable to nil (if it is set to t).
One can disable the scan altogether (both A1 and A2) by setting
`cperl-pod-here-scan'
to nil.
B) Speed of editing operations.
One can add a (minor) speedup to editing operations by setting
`cperl-use-syntax-table-text-property'
variable to nil (if it is set to t). This will disable
syntax-engine-helping scan, thus will make many more Perl
constructs be wrongly recognized by CPerl, thus may lead to
wrongly matched parentheses, wrong indentation, etc.
One can unset `cperl-syntaxify-unwind'. This might speed up editing
of, say, long POD sections.")
(defvar cperl-tips-faces 'please-ignore-this-line
"CPerl mode uses following faces for highlighting:
`cperl-array-face' Array names
`cperl-hash-face' Hash names
`font-lock-comment-face' Comments, PODs and whatever is considered
syntactically to be not code
`font-lock-constant-face' HERE-doc delimiters, labels, delimiters of
2-arg operators s/y/tr/ or of RExen,
`font-lock-warning-face' Special-cased m// and s//foo/,
`font-lock-function-name-face' _ as a target of a file tests, file tests,
subroutine names at the moment of definition
(except those conflicting with Perl operators),
package names (when recognized), format names
`font-lock-keyword-face' Control flow switch constructs, declarators
`cperl-nonoverridable-face' Non-overridable keywords, modifiers of RExen
`font-lock-string-face' Strings, qw() constructs, RExen, POD sections,
literal parts and the terminator of formats
and whatever is syntactically considered
as string literals
`font-lock-type-face' Overridable keywords
`font-lock-variable-name-face' Variable declarations, indirect array and
hash names, POD headers/item names
`cperl-invalid-face' Trailing whitespace
Note that in several situations the highlighting tries to inform about
possible confusion, such as different colors for function names in
declarations depending on what they (do not) override, or special cases
m// and s/// which do not do what one would expect them to do.
Help with best setup of these faces for printout requested (for each of
the faces: please specify bold, italic, underline, shadow and box.)
In regular expressions (including character classes):
`font-lock-string-face' \"Normal\" stuff and non-0-length constructs
`font-lock-constant-face': Delimiters
`font-lock-warning-face' Special-cased m// and s//foo/,
Mismatched closing delimiters, parens
we couldn't match, misplaced quantifiers,
unrecognized escape sequences
`cperl-nonoverridable-face' Modifiers, as gism in m/REx/gism
`font-lock-type-face' escape sequences with arguments (\\x \\23 \\p \\N)
and others match-a-char escape sequences
`font-lock-keyword-face' Capturing parens, and |
`font-lock-function-name-face' Special symbols: $ ^ . [ ] [^ ] (?{ }) (??{ })
\"Range -\" in character classes
`font-lock-builtin-face' \"Remaining\" 0-length constructs, multipliers
?+*{}, not-capturing parens, leading
backslashes of escape sequences
`font-lock-variable-name-face' Interpolated constructs, embedded code,
POSIX classes (inside charclasses)
`font-lock-comment-face' Embedded comments
")
;;; Portability stuff:
(defvar cperl-del-back-ch
(car (append (where-is-internal 'delete-backward-char)
(where-is-internal 'backward-delete-char-untabify)))
"Character generated by key bound to `delete-backward-char'.")
(and (vectorp cperl-del-back-ch) (= (length cperl-del-back-ch) 1)
(setq cperl-del-back-ch (aref cperl-del-back-ch 0)))
(defun cperl-putback-char (c) ; Emacs 19
(push c unread-command-events)) ; Avoid undefined warning
(defvar cperl-do-not-fontify
;; FIXME: This is not doing what it claims!
(if (string< emacs-version "19.30")
'fontified
'lazy-lock)
"Text property which inhibits refontification.")
(defsubst cperl-put-do-not-fontify (from to &optional post)
;; If POST, do not do it with postponed fontification
(if (and post cperl-syntaxify-by-font-lock)
nil
(put-text-property (max (point-min) (1- from))
to cperl-do-not-fontify t)))
(defcustom cperl-mode-hook nil
"Hook run by CPerl mode."
:type 'hook
:group 'cperl)
(defvar cperl-syntax-state nil)
(defvar cperl-syntax-done-to nil)
;; Make customization possible "in reverse"
(defsubst cperl-val (symbol &optional default hairy)
(cond
((eq (symbol-value symbol) 'null) default)
(cperl-hairy (or hairy t))
(t (symbol-value symbol))))
(defun cperl-make-indent (column &optional minimum keep)
"Makes indent of the current line the requested amount.
Unless KEEP, removes the old indentation. Works around a bug in ancient
versions of Emacs."
(let ((prop (get-text-property (point) 'syntax-type)))
(or keep
(delete-horizontal-space))
(indent-to column minimum)
;; In old versions (e.g., 19.33) `indent-to' would not inherit properties
(and prop
(> (current-column) 0)