diff --git a/velox/common/encode/Base64.cpp b/velox/common/encode/Base64.cpp
index e866e6ea99d9f..fe03bcc720cbb 100644
--- a/velox/common/encode/Base64.cpp
+++ b/velox/common/encode/Base64.cpp
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ static_assert(
 //     "kBase64UrlReverseIndexTable has incorrect entries.");
 
 // Implementation of Base64 encoding and decoding functions.
-// static 
+// static
 template <class T>
 std::string Base64::encodeImpl(
     const T& data,
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ Status Base64::encodeUrl(std::string_view data, char* output) {
   return encodeImpl(data, kBase64UrlCharset, true, output);
 }
 
-// static 
+// static
 template <class T>
 Status Base64::encodeImpl(
     const T& data,
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ uint8_t Base64::base64ReverseLookup(
 }
 
 // static
-size_t Base64::decode(
+Status Base64::decode(
     std::string_view src,
     size_t src_len,
     char* dst,
@@ -391,19 +391,19 @@ size_t Base64::calculateDecodedSize(std::string_view data, size_t& size) {
 }
 
 // static
-size_t Base64::decodeImpl(
+Status Base64::decodeImpl(
     std::string_view src,
     size_t src_len,
     char* dst,
     size_t dst_len,
     const Base64::ReverseIndex& reverseIndex) {
   if (!src_len) {
-    return 0;
+    return Status::OK();
   }
 
   auto needed = calculateDecodedSize(src, src_len);
   if (dst_len < needed) {
-    VELOX_USER_FAIL(
+    return Status::UserError(
         "Base64::decode() - invalid output string: "
         "output string is too small.");
   }
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ size_t Base64::decodeImpl(
     }
   }
 
-  return needed;
+  return Status::OK();
 }
 
 // static
@@ -451,12 +451,12 @@ std::string Base64::encodeUrl(const folly::IOBuf* data) {
 }
 
 // static
-void Base64::decodeUrl(
+Status Base64::decodeUrl(
     std::string_view src,
     size_t src_len,
     char* dst,
     size_t dst_len) {
-  decodeImpl(src, src_len, dst, dst_len, kBase64UrlReverseIndexTable);
+  return decodeImpl(src, src_len, dst, dst_len, kBase64UrlReverseIndexTable);
 }
 
 // static
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ std::string Base64::decodeUrl(std::string_view encoded) {
 void Base64::decodeUrl(std::string_view payload, std::string& output) {
   size_t out_len = (payload.size() + 3) / 4 * 3;
   output.resize(out_len, '\0');
-  out_len = Base64::decodeImpl(
+  Base64::decodeImpl(
       payload.data(),
       payload.size(),
       &output[0],
diff --git a/velox/common/encode/Base64.h b/velox/common/encode/Base64.h
index aeac7275a3686..cb03218c8899f 100644
--- a/velox/common/encode/Base64.h
+++ b/velox/common/encode/Base64.h
@@ -93,12 +93,12 @@ class Base64 {
 
   /// Decodes the specified number of characters from the 'src' and writes the
   /// result to the 'dst'.
-  static size_t
+  static Status
   decode(std::string_view src, size_t src_len, char* dst, size_t dst_len);
 
   /// Decodes the specified number of characters from the 'src' using URL
   /// encoding and writes the result to the 'dst'.
-  static void
+  static Status
   decodeUrl(std::string_view src, size_t src_len, char* dst, size_t dst_len);
 
  private:
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ class Base64 {
       char* out);
 
   // Decodes the specified data using the provided reverse lookup table.
-  static size_t decodeImpl(
+  static Status decodeImpl(
       std::string_view src,
       size_t src_len,
       char* dst,
diff --git a/velox/functions/prestosql/BinaryFunctions.h b/velox/functions/prestosql/BinaryFunctions.h
index a6d1096ee4585..c3afa379450d6 100644
--- a/velox/functions/prestosql/BinaryFunctions.h
+++ b/velox/functions/prestosql/BinaryFunctions.h
@@ -290,11 +290,11 @@ struct FromBase64Function {
   // T can be either arg_type<Varchar> or arg_type<Varbinary>. These are the
   // same, but hard-coding one of them might be confusing.
   template <typename T>
-  FOLLY_ALWAYS_INLINE void call(out_type<Varbinary>& result, const T& input) {
+  FOLLY_ALWAYS_INLINE Status call(out_type<Varbinary>& result, const T& input) {
     auto inputSize = input.size();
     result.resize(
         encoding::Base64::calculateDecodedSize(input.data(), inputSize));
-    encoding::Base64::decode(
+    return encoding::Base64::decode(
         input.data(), inputSize, result.data(), result.size());
   }
 };
@@ -302,13 +302,12 @@ struct FromBase64Function {
 template <typename T>
 struct FromBase64UrlFunction {
   VELOX_DEFINE_FUNCTION_TYPES(T);
-  FOLLY_ALWAYS_INLINE void call(
-      out_type<Varbinary>& result,
-      const arg_type<Varchar>& input) {
+  FOLLY_ALWAYS_INLINE Status
+  call(out_type<Varbinary>& result, const arg_type<Varchar>& input) {
     auto inputSize = input.size();
     result.resize(
         encoding::Base64::calculateDecodedSize(input.data(), inputSize));
-    encoding::Base64::decodeUrl(
+    return encoding::Base64::decodeUrl(
         input.data(), inputSize, result.data(), result.size());
   }
 };