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注销和页面跳转_Django用户认证系统_追梦人物的博客</title>
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目录
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<ul>
<li>
<h6 class="top-gap-0"><a href="">Django用户认证系统</a></h6>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/post/30/">基本设置</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/post/31/">拓展 User 模型</a>
</li>
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<a href="/post/35/">注册</a>
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<a href="/post/46/">登录</a>
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<a href="/post/47/">注销和页面跳转</a>
<div class="toc">
<ul>
<li><a href="#注销登录">注销登录</a></li>
<li><a href="#页面跳转">页面跳转</a><ul>
<li><a href="#登录和注销后返回当前页面">登录和注销后返回当前页面</a></li>
<li><a href="#注册后返回当前页面">注册后返回当前页面</a></li>
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<h1 class="top-gap-0">注销和页面跳转</h1>
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5 月，2 周前
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<li class="list-inline-item text-small text-muted">5145 字
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5332 阅读
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20 评论
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<div class="top-gap-big post-body">
<p>当用户想切换登录账号，或者想退出登录状态时，这时候就需要注销已登录的账号。现在我们来为网站添加注销登录的功能，这个功能 Django 也已经为我们提供，我们只需做一点简单配置。</p>
<h2 id="注销登录">注销登录</h2>
<p>注销登录的视图为 logout，我们简单修改一下 index.html 的代码，添加一个注销登录的按钮：</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span>templates/index.html
{% if user.is_authenticated %}
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">p</span><span class="p">></span>你已登录，欢迎你：<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">a</span> <span class="na">href</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"#"</span><span class="p">></span>{{ user.username }}<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">a</span><span class="p">></</span><span class="nt">p</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">button</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"btn btn-default"</span><span class="p">><</span><span class="nt">a</span> <span class="na">href</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"{% url 'logout' %}"</span><span class="p">></span>注销登录<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">a</span><span class="p">></</span><span class="nt">button</span><span class="p">></span>
{% else %}
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">p</span><span class="p">></span>你还没有登录，请
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">button</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"btn btn-default"</span><span class="p">><</span><span class="nt">a</span> <span class="na">href</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"{% url 'login' %}"</span><span class="p">></span>登录<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">a</span><span class="p">></</span><span class="nt">button</span><span class="p">></span>
或者
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">button</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"btn btn-default"</span><span class="p">><</span><span class="nt">a</span> <span class="na">href</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"{% url 'users:register' %}"</span><span class="p">></span>注册<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">a</span><span class="p">></</span><span class="nt">button</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">p</span><span class="p">></span>
{% endif %}
</pre></div>
<p>如果你已经登陆，就会看到一个注销登录的按钮，点击该按钮就会跳转到注销登录已成功地页面。再一次访问首页，你将看到登录、注册按钮，说明你已经成功注销登录状态了。</p>
<h2 id="页面跳转">页面跳转</h2>
<p>我们之前在登录、注册和注销的过程中发现，登录成功后会跳转到一个 404 页面，注册成功后返回的是首页，而注销登录后跳转到了 Admin 后台的注销成功页面。对于一个网站来说，比较好的用户体验是登录、注册和注销后跳转回用户之前访问的页面。否则用户在你的网站东跳转西跳转好不容易找到了想看的内容，结果他已登录给他跳转回了首页，这会使用户非常愤怒（我在有些网站就遇到过）。接下来我们看看如何让登录、注册和注销后跳转回用户之前访问的页面。</p>
<h3 id="登录和注销后返回当前页面">登录和注销后返回当前页面</h3>
<p>在登录和注销的视图函数中，Django 已经为我们处理了跳转回用户之前访问页面的流程。其实现的原理是，在登录和注销的流程中，始终传递一个 next 参数记录用户之前访问页面的 URL。因此，我们需要做的就是在用户访问登录或者注销的页面时，在 URL 中传递一个 next 参数给视图函数，具体做法如下：</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span>templates/index.html
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">button</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"btn btn-default"</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">a</span> <span class="na">href</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"{% url 'logout' %}?next={{ request.path }}"</span><span class="p">></span>注销登录<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">a</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">button</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">button</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"btn btn-default"</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">a</span> <span class="na">href</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"{% url 'login' %}?next={{ request.path }}"</span><span class="p">></span>登录<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">a</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">button</span><span class="p">></span>
</pre></div>
<p>可以看到，我们在登录和注销的 URL 后加了 next 参数，其值为 {{ request.path }}。request.path 是用户当前访问页面的 URL。在 URL 中传递参数的方法就是在要传递的参数前加一个 ？然后写上传递的参数名和参数值，用等号链接。关于在 URL 中传递参数具体请 HTTP 的相关协议。</p>
<p>为了在整个登录流程中记录 next 的值，还需要在登录表单中增加一个表单控件，用于传递 next 值。</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span>registration/login.html
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">form</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"form"</span> <span class="na">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"{% url 'login' %}"</span> <span class="na">method</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"post"</span><span class="p">></span>
...
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">button</span> <span class="na">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"submit"</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"btn btn-primary btn-block"</span><span class="p">></span>登录<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">button</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">input</span> <span class="na">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"hidden"</span> <span class="na">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"next"</span> <span class="na">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"{{ next }}"</span><span class="p">/></span>
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">form</span><span class="p">></span>
</pre></div>
<p>即在表单中增加了一个隐藏的 input 控件，其值为 {{ next }}，即之前通过 URL 参数传递给登录视图函数的，然后登录视图函数又将该值传递给了 login.html 模板。这样在整个登录流程中，始终有一个记录着用户在登录前页面 URL 的变量 next 在视图和模板间来回传递，知道用户登录成功后再跳转回 next 记录的页面 URL。</p>
<p>现在你可以点击登录和注销的按钮来走一遍登录和注销流程，发现页面跳转已经符合我们的需求了。不过还由一点点小瑕疵，就是如果用户不是通过点击登录和注销按钮，而是直接在页面输入 URL 来访问相关页面话，那这个 next 就没有值，从而无法向之前那样跳转回用户之前访问的页面。比如用户想登录，他直接在浏览器的地址栏输入 /users/login/，由于在 URL 中没有传递 next，所以就无法记录用户登录前的页面 URL，那在登录成功后就无法将他带回登录前的页面了。当然这种情况是极为罕见的，很少有用户会记住你网站的 URL 地址，但如果真有这样的用户，我们就把他跳转回首页吧，因为没有任何办法记录他之前访问的页面。要想把用户跳转回首页，可以在 settings 中做如下设置：</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="n">LOGOUT_REDIRECT_URL</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'/'</span>
<span class="n">LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'/'</span>
</pre></div>
<p>这样，整个登录和注销流程就形成了一个闭环。如果用户通过点击登录或者注销按钮登录和注销的话，在登录或者注销成功后就会被带回登录或者注销前的页面，否则将他带回网站首页。</p>
<h3 id="注册后返回当前页面">注册后返回当前页面</h3>
<p>类似的，我们也希望用户注册后返回注册前页面。不过由于注册视图函数是我们自己写的，之前的处理方式是用户注册成功后将其带回网站首页，因此需要修改一下注册视图函数：</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="n">users</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">views</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="c1"># 从 get 或者 post 请求中获取 next 参数值</span>
<span class="c1"># get 请求中，next 通过 url 传递，即 /?next=value</span>
<span class="c1"># post 请求中，next 通过表单传递，即 <input type="hidden" name="next" value="{{ next }}"/></span>
<span class="n">redirect_to</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">POST</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'next'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GET</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'next'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="c1"># 只有当请求为 POST 时，才表示用户提交了注册信息</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">method</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">'POST'</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># request.POST 是一个类字典数据结构，记录了用户提交的注册信息</span>
<span class="c1"># 这里提交的就是用户名（username）、密码（password）、确认密码、邮箱（email）</span>
<span class="c1"># 用这些数据实例化一个用户注册表单</span>
<span class="n">form</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">RegisterForm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">POST</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># 验证数据的合法性</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">form</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_valid</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="c1"># 如果提交数据合法，调用表单的 save 方法将用户数据保存到数据库</span>
<span class="n">form</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">save</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">redirect_to</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">redirect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">redirect_to</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">redirect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'/'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># 请求不是 POST，表明用户正在访问注册页面，展示一个空的注册表单给用户</span>
<span class="n">form</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">RegisterForm</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1"># 渲染模板</span>
<span class="c1"># 如果用户正在访问注册页面，则渲染的是一个空的注册表单</span>
<span class="c1"># 如果用户通过表单提交注册信息，但是数据验证不合法，则渲染的是一个带有错误信息的表单</span>
<span class="c1"># 将记录用户注册前页面的 redirect_to 传给模板，以维持 next 参数在整个注册流程中的传递</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">render</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'users/register.html'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">context</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'form'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">form</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'next'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">redirect_to</span><span class="p">})</span>
</pre></div>
<p>逻辑非常简答，就是首先尝试从用户的 GET 或者 POST 请求中获取 next 参数值，即在注册成功后需要跳转的 URL，如果有值，注册成功后跳转到该 URL，否则跳转回首页。同是不要忘记将该值传给模板，以维持 next 参数在整个注册流程中的传递。</p>
<p>接下来修改模板，和登录模板的设置是一样的：</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span>registration/login.html
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">button</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"btn btn-default"</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">a</span> <span class="na">href</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"{% url 'users:register' %}?next={{ request.path }}"</span><span class="p">></span>注册<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">a</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">button</span><span class="p">></span>
</pre></div>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span>templates/users/register.html
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">form</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"form"</span> <span class="na">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"{% url 'users:register' %}"</span> <span class="na">method</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"post"</span><span class="p">></span>
...
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">button</span> <span class="na">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"submit"</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"btn btn-primary btn-block"</span><span class="p">></span>注册<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">button</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">input</span> <span class="na">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"hidden"</span> <span class="na">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"next"</span> <span class="na">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"{{ next }}"</span><span class="p">/></span>
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">form</span><span class="p">></span>
</pre></div>
<p><strong>注意：</strong>在注册视图函数中，对 next 的任意值我们都进行了跳转，这可能导致一些安全问题。正确的做法应该是在跳转前，对需要跳转的 URL 做安全性检查。不过这里只作为一个示例，在实际项目中请仔细考虑可能的安全后果，以及添加必要的安全性检查代码。</p>
<p>OK，如此修改以后，用户的登录、注册和注销流程的用户体验可以形成一个比较良好闭环了。接下来就来实现修改密码的功能。</p>
<h2 id="总结">总结</h2>
<p>本教程的示例项目代码位于 GitHub：<a href="https://github.com/zmrenwu/django-auth-example">Django Auth Example</a>。</p>
<p>如果遇到问题，请通过下面的方式寻求帮助。</p>
<ul>
<li>在下方评论区留言。</li>
<li>在 <a href="http://www.pythonzh.cn/category/newbie-qa/">Pythonzhcn 社区的新手问答版块</a> 发布帖子。</li>
</ul>
<p>更多 Django 相关教程，请访问我的个人博客：<a href="http://zmrenwu.com/">追梦人物的博客</a>。</p>
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<p style="">博主你少些一个在register.html的隐藏标签，否则在views.py函数写的获取next的参数没什么作用了，只能在登录界面跳转到注册界面的时候在url中看到next参数，而真正从注册界面跳转到用户之前登录的界面是不能实现的（即跳转不到redirect_to），因为你没有在register.html中设置隐藏标签，所以也就获取不到next参数。所以注册成功后一定会跳转到index.html界面。另外感谢博主！教会我这么多东西<br></p>
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<time class="text-small text-muted">1 月前</time>
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<span class="text-small text-muted nickname">mdzz丶萌的铮铮
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<p>不是少了隐藏标签，是没加index.html注册button的next获取<br></p>
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<time class="text-small text-muted">4 周，1 日前</time>
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<p style="">谢谢博主的文章，很强大！</p><p style="">但是前端的button标签和a标签好像有点冲突，重叠在一起的button标签内部嵌入a标签，点击按钮没反应，a标签的跳转作用就没有了，只用a标签不用button标签页面可以正常跳转。不知道是不是这个问题。<br></p>
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<span class="nickname text-small text-muted">piupiuqm
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<p style="">我也遇到了这个问题，应该是按钮不兼容firefox(我猜你用的也是Firefox，因为我测试了别的浏览器，都好使)。另外真心感谢博主，一直在看博主的文章，认真学习中！谢谢！<br></p>
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<p style="">对，我是用firefox浏览器，我后来也测试了其他浏览器，没什么问题，应该就是浏览器兼容的原因<br></p>
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<p>博主您好，十分感谢您的博客，对我帮助很大，提个无关代码逻辑的意见：</p><blockquote><p>接下来修改模板，和登录模板的设置是一样的： </p><p><code>registration/login.html</code><br></p><p><code>...</code></p></blockquote><p>这里的 <code>registration/login.html</code> 应该是 <code>registration/index.html</code>，:) </p><p>最后再次表示感谢，找了很多用户管理的实现都没找到满意的，直到看到您的博客，很受用，辛苦了</p>
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<span class="text-small text-muted nickname">韦子扬不想穿秋裤
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您好，我这里有个问题，用户成功注册后，网站上应该出现一个提示说用户成功注册了啊，但是您这么直接redirect到了之前的界面，用户根本不知道发生了什么。。
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<span class="text-small text-muted nickname">追梦人物
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嗯，我同意你的观点。我觉得可以使用 django.contrib.message 框架生成提示消息。
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对的，可以在教程了补充一下，后面有很多都有一样的问题。谢谢您
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博主你好，我发现在我的环境ubuntu16.04 python2.7 firefox浏览器下示例中给出的<button>标签不起作用，删除仅留<a>{% url 'logout' %}可以正常登出，具体原因未知，希望同样遇到的朋友，不要像我一样，浪费了很久才找到。<br />总结查找问题思路<br />1.未有任何报错，一开始怀疑是未完全按照博主所在，而是在users/urls.py 中添加urlpatterns，再include到project的urls.py中，改成完全按博客来还是一样的问题（其实这一步完全不必要，确定好views函数渲染模板位置，指定正确的url，即可正确显示了Index.html）<br />2.检测模板变量引用是否正确{% url 'logout' %} 匹配name=logout的url，与project.urls.py中的url模式及当前页面的url对比无误。<br />3.手动输入url竟然可以登出！那就是<button>点击无效了= =
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这可能是浏览器兼容性问题。
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博主这里有一个登录逻辑问题：如果是从登录界面的注册进入注册页面，注册完成后跳回的是注册页面，而我们需要跳回的是点击登录时的页面
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博主这里有一个登录逻辑问题：如果是从登录界面的注册进入注册页面，注册完成后跳回的是登录页面，而我们需要跳回的是点击登录时的页面<br />（上面留言写错了）
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