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image.go
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image.go
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package buildah
import (
"bytes"
"context"
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"io"
"io/ioutil"
"os"
"path/filepath"
"strings"
"time"
"github.com/containers/buildah/docker"
"github.com/containers/image/docker/reference"
"github.com/containers/image/image"
"github.com/containers/image/manifest"
is "github.com/containers/image/storage"
"github.com/containers/image/types"
"github.com/containers/storage"
"github.com/containers/storage/pkg/archive"
"github.com/containers/storage/pkg/ioutils"
digest "github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
specs "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go"
v1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
"github.com/pkg/errors"
"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
)
const (
// OCIv1ImageManifest is the MIME type of an OCIv1 image manifest,
// suitable for specifying as a value of the PreferredManifestType
// member of a CommitOptions structure. It is also the default.
OCIv1ImageManifest = v1.MediaTypeImageManifest
// Dockerv2ImageManifest is the MIME type of a Docker v2s2 image
// manifest, suitable for specifying as a value of the
// PreferredManifestType member of a CommitOptions structure.
Dockerv2ImageManifest = manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType
)
type containerImageRef struct {
store storage.Store
compression archive.Compression
name reference.Named
names []string
containerID string
mountLabel string
layerID string
oconfig []byte
dconfig []byte
created time.Time
createdBy string
historyComment string
annotations map[string]string
preferredManifestType string
exporting bool
squash bool
emptyLayer bool
tarPath func(path string) (io.ReadCloser, error)
parent string
blobDirectory string
preEmptyLayers []v1.History
postEmptyLayers []v1.History
}
type containerImageSource struct {
path string
ref *containerImageRef
store storage.Store
containerID string
mountLabel string
layerID string
names []string
compression archive.Compression
config []byte
configDigest digest.Digest
manifest []byte
manifestType string
exporting bool
blobDirectory string
}
func (i *containerImageRef) NewImage(ctx context.Context, sc *types.SystemContext) (types.ImageCloser, error) {
src, err := i.NewImageSource(ctx, sc)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return image.FromSource(ctx, sc, src)
}
func expectedOCIDiffIDs(image v1.Image) int {
expected := 0
for _, history := range image.History {
if !history.EmptyLayer {
expected = expected + 1
}
}
return expected
}
func expectedDockerDiffIDs(image docker.V2Image) int {
expected := 0
for _, history := range image.History {
if !history.EmptyLayer {
expected = expected + 1
}
}
return expected
}
// Compute the media types which we need to attach to a layer, given the type of
// compression that we'll be applying.
func computeLayerMIMEType(what string, layerCompression archive.Compression) (omediaType, dmediaType string, err error) {
omediaType = v1.MediaTypeImageLayer
dmediaType = docker.V2S2MediaTypeUncompressedLayer
if layerCompression != archive.Uncompressed {
switch layerCompression {
case archive.Gzip:
omediaType = v1.MediaTypeImageLayerGzip
dmediaType = manifest.DockerV2Schema2LayerMediaType
logrus.Debugf("compressing %s with gzip", what)
case archive.Bzip2:
// Until the image specs define a media type for bzip2-compressed layers, even if we know
// how to decompress them, we can't try to compress layers with bzip2.
return "", "", errors.New("media type for bzip2-compressed layers is not defined")
case archive.Xz:
// Until the image specs define a media type for xz-compressed layers, even if we know
// how to decompress them, we can't try to compress layers with xz.
return "", "", errors.New("media type for xz-compressed layers is not defined")
case archive.Zstd:
// Until the image specs define a media type for zstd-compressed layers, even if we know
// how to decompress them, we can't try to compress layers with zstd.
return "", "", errors.New("media type for zstd-compressed layers is not defined")
default:
logrus.Debugf("compressing %s with unknown compressor(?)", what)
}
}
return omediaType, dmediaType, nil
}
// Extract the container's whole filesystem as if it were a single layer.
func (i *containerImageRef) extractRootfs() (io.ReadCloser, error) {
mountPoint, err := i.store.Mount(i.containerID, i.mountLabel)
if err != nil {
return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error mounting container %q", i.containerID)
}
rc, err := i.tarPath(mountPoint)
if err != nil {
return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error extracting rootfs from container %q", i.containerID)
}
return ioutils.NewReadCloserWrapper(rc, func() error {
if err = rc.Close(); err != nil {
err = errors.Wrapf(err, "error closing tar archive of container %q", i.containerID)
}
if _, err2 := i.store.Unmount(i.containerID, false); err == nil {
if err2 != nil {
err2 = errors.Wrapf(err2, "error unmounting container %q", i.containerID)
}
err = err2
}
return err
}), nil
}
// Build fresh copies of the container configuration structures so that we can edit them
// without making unintended changes to the original Builder.
func (i *containerImageRef) createConfigsAndManifests() (v1.Image, v1.Manifest, docker.V2Image, docker.V2S2Manifest, error) {
created := i.created
// Build an empty image, and then decode over it.
oimage := v1.Image{}
if err := json.Unmarshal(i.oconfig, &oimage); err != nil {
return v1.Image{}, v1.Manifest{}, docker.V2Image{}, docker.V2S2Manifest{}, err
}
// Always replace this value, since we're newer than our base image.
oimage.Created = &created
// Clear the list of diffIDs, since we always repopulate it.
oimage.RootFS.Type = docker.TypeLayers
oimage.RootFS.DiffIDs = []digest.Digest{}
// Only clear the history if we're squashing, otherwise leave it be so that we can append
// entries to it.
if i.squash {
oimage.History = []v1.History{}
}
// Build an empty image, and then decode over it.
dimage := docker.V2Image{}
if err := json.Unmarshal(i.dconfig, &dimage); err != nil {
return v1.Image{}, v1.Manifest{}, docker.V2Image{}, docker.V2S2Manifest{}, err
}
dimage.Parent = docker.ID(i.parent)
// Always replace this value, since we're newer than our base image.
dimage.Created = created
// Clear the list of diffIDs, since we always repopulate it.
dimage.RootFS = &docker.V2S2RootFS{}
dimage.RootFS.Type = docker.TypeLayers
dimage.RootFS.DiffIDs = []digest.Digest{}
// Only clear the history if we're squashing, otherwise leave it be so that we can append
// entries to it.
if i.squash {
dimage.History = []docker.V2S2History{}
}
// Build empty manifests. The Layers lists will be populated later.
omanifest := v1.Manifest{
Versioned: specs.Versioned{
SchemaVersion: 2,
},
Config: v1.Descriptor{
MediaType: v1.MediaTypeImageConfig,
},
Layers: []v1.Descriptor{},
Annotations: i.annotations,
}
dmanifest := docker.V2S2Manifest{
V2Versioned: docker.V2Versioned{
SchemaVersion: 2,
MediaType: manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType,
},
Config: docker.V2S2Descriptor{
MediaType: manifest.DockerV2Schema2ConfigMediaType,
},
Layers: []docker.V2S2Descriptor{},
}
return oimage, omanifest, dimage, dmanifest, nil
}
func (i *containerImageRef) NewImageSource(ctx context.Context, sc *types.SystemContext) (src types.ImageSource, err error) {
// Decide which type of manifest and configuration output we're going to provide.
manifestType := i.preferredManifestType
// If it's not a format we support, return an error.
if manifestType != v1.MediaTypeImageManifest && manifestType != manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType {
return nil, errors.Errorf("no supported manifest types (attempted to use %q, only know %q and %q)",
manifestType, v1.MediaTypeImageManifest, manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType)
}
// Start building the list of layers using the read-write layer.
layers := []string{}
layerID := i.layerID
layer, err := i.store.Layer(layerID)
if err != nil {
return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "unable to read layer %q", layerID)
}
// Walk the list of parent layers, prepending each as we go. If we're squashing,
// stop at the layer ID of the top layer, which we won't really be using anyway.
for layer != nil {
layers = append(append([]string{}, layerID), layers...)
layerID = layer.Parent
if layerID == "" || i.squash {
err = nil
break
}
layer, err = i.store.Layer(layerID)
if err != nil {
return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "unable to read layer %q", layerID)
}
}
logrus.Debugf("layer list: %q", layers)
// Make a temporary directory to hold blobs.
path, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), Package)
if err != nil {
return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error creating temporary directory to hold layer blobs")
}
logrus.Debugf("using %q to hold temporary data", path)
defer func() {
if src == nil {
err2 := os.RemoveAll(path)
if err2 != nil {
logrus.Errorf("error removing layer blob directory %q: %v", path, err)
}
}
}()
// Build fresh copies of the configurations and manifest so that we don't mess with any
// values in the Builder object itself.
oimage, omanifest, dimage, dmanifest, err := i.createConfigsAndManifests()
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Extract each layer and compute its digests, both compressed (if requested) and uncompressed.
for _, layerID := range layers {
what := fmt.Sprintf("layer %q", layerID)
if i.squash {
what = fmt.Sprintf("container %q", i.containerID)
}
// The default layer media type assumes no compression.
omediaType := v1.MediaTypeImageLayer
dmediaType := docker.V2S2MediaTypeUncompressedLayer
// Look up this layer.
layer, err := i.store.Layer(layerID)
if err != nil {
return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "unable to locate layer %q", layerID)
}
// If we're up to the final layer, but we don't want to include
// a diff for it, we're done.
if i.emptyLayer && layerID == i.layerID {
continue
}
// If we're not re-exporting the data, and we're reusing layers individually, reuse
// the blobsum and diff IDs.
if !i.exporting && !i.squash && layerID != i.layerID {
if layer.UncompressedDigest == "" {
return nil, errors.Errorf("unable to look up size of layer %q", layerID)
}
layerBlobSum := layer.UncompressedDigest
layerBlobSize := layer.UncompressedSize
diffID := layer.UncompressedDigest
// Note this layer in the manifest, using the appropriate blobsum.
olayerDescriptor := v1.Descriptor{
MediaType: omediaType,
Digest: layerBlobSum,
Size: layerBlobSize,
}
omanifest.Layers = append(omanifest.Layers, olayerDescriptor)
dlayerDescriptor := docker.V2S2Descriptor{
MediaType: dmediaType,
Digest: layerBlobSum,
Size: layerBlobSize,
}
dmanifest.Layers = append(dmanifest.Layers, dlayerDescriptor)
// Note this layer in the list of diffIDs, again using the uncompressed digest.
oimage.RootFS.DiffIDs = append(oimage.RootFS.DiffIDs, diffID)
dimage.RootFS.DiffIDs = append(dimage.RootFS.DiffIDs, diffID)
continue
}
// Figure out if we need to change the media type, in case we've changed the compression.
omediaType, dmediaType, err = computeLayerMIMEType(what, i.compression)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Start reading either the layer or the whole container rootfs.
noCompression := archive.Uncompressed
diffOptions := &storage.DiffOptions{
Compression: &noCompression,
}
var rc io.ReadCloser
if i.squash {
// Extract the root filesystem as a single layer.
rc, err = i.extractRootfs()
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
} else {
// Extract this layer, one of possibly many.
rc, err = i.store.Diff("", layerID, diffOptions)
if err != nil {
return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error extracting %s", what)
}
}
srcHasher := digest.Canonical.Digester()
reader := io.TeeReader(rc, srcHasher.Hash())
// Set up to write the possibly-recompressed blob.
layerFile, err := os.OpenFile(filepath.Join(path, "layer"), os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, 0600)
if err != nil {
rc.Close()
return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error opening file for %s", what)
}
destHasher := digest.Canonical.Digester()
counter := ioutils.NewWriteCounter(layerFile)
multiWriter := io.MultiWriter(counter, destHasher.Hash())
// Compress the layer, if we're recompressing it.
writer, err := archive.CompressStream(multiWriter, i.compression)
if err != nil {
layerFile.Close()
rc.Close()
return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error compressing %s", what)
}
size, err := io.Copy(writer, reader)
writer.Close()
layerFile.Close()
rc.Close()
if err != nil {
return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error storing %s to file", what)
}
if i.compression == archive.Uncompressed {
if size != counter.Count {
return nil, errors.Errorf("error storing %s to file: inconsistent layer size (copied %d, wrote %d)", what, size, counter.Count)
}
} else {
size = counter.Count
}
logrus.Debugf("%s size is %d bytes", what, size)
// Rename the layer so that we can more easily find it by digest later.
finalBlobName := filepath.Join(path, destHasher.Digest().String())
if err = os.Rename(filepath.Join(path, "layer"), finalBlobName); err != nil {
return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error storing %s to file while renaming %q to %q", what, filepath.Join(path, "layer"), finalBlobName)
}
// Add a note in the manifest about the layer. The blobs are identified by their possibly-
// compressed blob digests.
olayerDescriptor := v1.Descriptor{
MediaType: omediaType,
Digest: destHasher.Digest(),
Size: size,
}
omanifest.Layers = append(omanifest.Layers, olayerDescriptor)
dlayerDescriptor := docker.V2S2Descriptor{
MediaType: dmediaType,
Digest: destHasher.Digest(),
Size: size,
}
dmanifest.Layers = append(dmanifest.Layers, dlayerDescriptor)
// Add a note about the diffID, which is always the layer's uncompressed digest.
oimage.RootFS.DiffIDs = append(oimage.RootFS.DiffIDs, srcHasher.Digest())
dimage.RootFS.DiffIDs = append(dimage.RootFS.DiffIDs, srcHasher.Digest())
}
// Build history notes in the image configurations.
appendHistory := func(history []v1.History) {
for i := range history {
var created *time.Time
if history[i].Created != nil {
copiedTimestamp := *history[i].Created
created = &copiedTimestamp
}
onews := v1.History{
Created: created,
CreatedBy: history[i].CreatedBy,
Author: history[i].Author,
Comment: history[i].Comment,
EmptyLayer: true,
}
oimage.History = append(oimage.History, onews)
if created == nil {
created = &time.Time{}
}
dnews := docker.V2S2History{
Created: *created,
CreatedBy: history[i].CreatedBy,
Author: history[i].Author,
Comment: history[i].Comment,
EmptyLayer: true,
}
dimage.History = append(dimage.History, dnews)
}
}
appendHistory(i.preEmptyLayers)
onews := v1.History{
Created: &i.created,
CreatedBy: i.createdBy,
Author: oimage.Author,
Comment: i.historyComment,
EmptyLayer: i.emptyLayer,
}
oimage.History = append(oimage.History, onews)
dnews := docker.V2S2History{
Created: i.created,
CreatedBy: i.createdBy,
Author: dimage.Author,
Comment: i.historyComment,
EmptyLayer: i.emptyLayer,
}
dimage.History = append(dimage.History, dnews)
appendHistory(i.postEmptyLayers)
dimage.Parent = docker.ID(i.parent)
// Sanity check that we didn't just create a mismatch between non-empty layers in the
// history and the number of diffIDs.
expectedDiffIDs := expectedOCIDiffIDs(oimage)
if len(oimage.RootFS.DiffIDs) != expectedDiffIDs {
return nil, errors.Errorf("internal error: history lists %d non-empty layers, but we have %d layers on disk", expectedDiffIDs, len(oimage.RootFS.DiffIDs))
}
expectedDiffIDs = expectedDockerDiffIDs(dimage)
if len(dimage.RootFS.DiffIDs) != expectedDiffIDs {
return nil, errors.Errorf("internal error: history lists %d non-empty layers, but we have %d layers on disk", expectedDiffIDs, len(dimage.RootFS.DiffIDs))
}
// Encode the image configuration blob.
oconfig, err := json.Marshal(&oimage)
if err != nil {
return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error encoding %#v as json", oimage)
}
logrus.Debugf("OCIv1 config = %s", oconfig)
// Add the configuration blob to the manifest.
omanifest.Config.Digest = digest.Canonical.FromBytes(oconfig)
omanifest.Config.Size = int64(len(oconfig))
omanifest.Config.MediaType = v1.MediaTypeImageConfig
// Encode the manifest.
omanifestbytes, err := json.Marshal(&omanifest)
if err != nil {
return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error encoding %#v as json", omanifest)
}
logrus.Debugf("OCIv1 manifest = %s", omanifestbytes)
// Encode the image configuration blob.
dconfig, err := json.Marshal(&dimage)
if err != nil {
return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error encoding %#v as json", dimage)
}
logrus.Debugf("Docker v2s2 config = %s", dconfig)
// Add the configuration blob to the manifest.
dmanifest.Config.Digest = digest.Canonical.FromBytes(dconfig)
dmanifest.Config.Size = int64(len(dconfig))
dmanifest.Config.MediaType = manifest.DockerV2Schema2ConfigMediaType
// Encode the manifest.
dmanifestbytes, err := json.Marshal(&dmanifest)
if err != nil {
return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error encoding %#v as json", dmanifest)
}
logrus.Debugf("Docker v2s2 manifest = %s", dmanifestbytes)
// Decide which manifest and configuration blobs we'll actually output.
var config []byte
var imageManifest []byte
switch manifestType {
case v1.MediaTypeImageManifest:
imageManifest = omanifestbytes
config = oconfig
case manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType:
imageManifest = dmanifestbytes
config = dconfig
default:
panic("unreachable code: unsupported manifest type")
}
src = &containerImageSource{
path: path,
ref: i,
store: i.store,
containerID: i.containerID,
mountLabel: i.mountLabel,
layerID: i.layerID,
names: i.names,
compression: i.compression,
config: config,
configDigest: digest.Canonical.FromBytes(config),
manifest: imageManifest,
manifestType: manifestType,
exporting: i.exporting,
blobDirectory: i.blobDirectory,
}
return src, nil
}
func (i *containerImageRef) NewImageDestination(ctx context.Context, sc *types.SystemContext) (types.ImageDestination, error) {
return nil, errors.Errorf("can't write to a container")
}
func (i *containerImageRef) DockerReference() reference.Named {
return i.name
}
func (i *containerImageRef) StringWithinTransport() string {
if len(i.names) > 0 {
return i.names[0]
}
return ""
}
func (i *containerImageRef) DeleteImage(context.Context, *types.SystemContext) error {
// we were never here
return nil
}
func (i *containerImageRef) PolicyConfigurationIdentity() string {
return ""
}
func (i *containerImageRef) PolicyConfigurationNamespaces() []string {
return nil
}
func (i *containerImageRef) Transport() types.ImageTransport {
return is.Transport
}
func (i *containerImageSource) Close() error {
err := os.RemoveAll(i.path)
if err != nil {
return errors.Wrapf(err, "error removing layer blob directory %q", i.path)
}
return nil
}
func (i *containerImageSource) Reference() types.ImageReference {
return i.ref
}
func (i *containerImageSource) GetSignatures(ctx context.Context, instanceDigest *digest.Digest) ([][]byte, error) {
if instanceDigest != nil {
return nil, errors.Errorf("containerImageSource does not support manifest lists")
}
return nil, nil
}
func (i *containerImageSource) GetManifest(ctx context.Context, instanceDigest *digest.Digest) ([]byte, string, error) {
if instanceDigest != nil {
return nil, "", errors.Errorf("containerImageSource does not support manifest lists")
}
return i.manifest, i.manifestType, nil
}
func (i *containerImageSource) LayerInfosForCopy(ctx context.Context) ([]types.BlobInfo, error) {
return nil, nil
}
func (i *containerImageSource) HasThreadSafeGetBlob() bool {
return false
}
func (i *containerImageSource) GetBlob(ctx context.Context, blob types.BlobInfo, cache types.BlobInfoCache) (reader io.ReadCloser, size int64, err error) {
if blob.Digest == i.configDigest {
logrus.Debugf("start reading config")
reader := bytes.NewReader(i.config)
closer := func() error {
logrus.Debugf("finished reading config")
return nil
}
return ioutils.NewReadCloserWrapper(reader, closer), reader.Size(), nil
}
var layerFile *os.File
for _, path := range []string{i.blobDirectory, i.path} {
layerFile, err = os.OpenFile(filepath.Join(path, blob.Digest.String()), os.O_RDONLY, 0600)
if err == nil {
break
}
if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
logrus.Debugf("error checking for layer %q in %q: %v", blob.Digest.String(), path, err)
}
}
if err != nil {
logrus.Debugf("error reading layer %q: %v", blob.Digest.String(), err)
return nil, -1, errors.Wrapf(err, "error opening file %q to buffer layer blob", filepath.Join(i.path, blob.Digest.String()))
}
size = -1
st, err := layerFile.Stat()
if err != nil {
logrus.Warnf("error reading size of layer %q: %v", blob.Digest.String(), err)
} else {
size = st.Size()
}
logrus.Debugf("reading layer %q", blob.Digest.String())
closer := func() error {
logrus.Debugf("finished reading layer %q", blob.Digest.String())
if err := layerFile.Close(); err != nil {
return errors.Wrapf(err, "error closing layer %q after reading", blob.Digest.String())
}
return nil
}
return ioutils.NewReadCloserWrapper(layerFile, closer), size, nil
}
func (b *Builder) makeImageRef(options CommitOptions, exporting bool) (types.ImageReference, error) {
var name reference.Named
container, err := b.store.Container(b.ContainerID)
if err != nil {
return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error locating container %q", b.ContainerID)
}
if len(container.Names) > 0 {
if parsed, err2 := reference.ParseNamed(container.Names[0]); err2 == nil {
name = parsed
}
}
manifestType := options.PreferredManifestType
if manifestType == "" {
manifestType = OCIv1ImageManifest
}
oconfig, err := json.Marshal(&b.OCIv1)
if err != nil {
return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error encoding OCI-format image configuration %#v", b.OCIv1)
}
dconfig, err := json.Marshal(&b.Docker)
if err != nil {
return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error encoding docker-format image configuration %#v", b.Docker)
}
created := time.Now().UTC()
if options.HistoryTimestamp != nil {
created = options.HistoryTimestamp.UTC()
}
createdBy := b.CreatedBy()
if createdBy == "" {
createdBy = strings.Join(b.Shell(), " ")
if createdBy == "" {
createdBy = "/bin/sh"
}
}
if options.OmitTimestamp {
created = time.Unix(0, 0)
}
parent := ""
if b.FromImageID != "" {
parentDigest := digest.NewDigestFromEncoded(digest.Canonical, b.FromImageID)
if parentDigest.Validate() == nil {
parent = parentDigest.String()
}
}
ref := &containerImageRef{
store: b.store,
compression: options.Compression,
name: name,
names: container.Names,
containerID: container.ID,
mountLabel: b.MountLabel,
layerID: container.LayerID,
oconfig: oconfig,
dconfig: dconfig,
created: created,
createdBy: createdBy,
historyComment: b.HistoryComment(),
annotations: b.Annotations(),
preferredManifestType: manifestType,
exporting: exporting,
squash: options.Squash,
emptyLayer: options.EmptyLayer,
tarPath: b.tarPath(&b.IDMappingOptions),
parent: parent,
blobDirectory: options.BlobDirectory,
preEmptyLayers: b.PrependedEmptyLayers,
postEmptyLayers: b.AppendedEmptyLayers,
}
return ref, nil
}