add_relationship_links.md

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How to add relationship links

ActiveModelSerializers offers you many ways to add links in your JSON, depending on your needs. The most common use case for links is supporting nested resources.

The following examples are without included relationship data (include param is empty), specifically the following Rails controller was used for these examples:

class Api::V1::UsersController < ApplicationController
  def show
    render jsonapi: User.find(params[:id]),
      serializer: Api::V1::UserSerializer,
      include: []
  end
end

Bear in mind though that ActiveModelSerializers are framework-agnostic, Rails is just a common example here.

Links as an attribute of a resource

This is applicable to JSON and Attributes adapters

You can define an attribute in the resource, named links.

class Api::V1::UserSerializer < ActiveModel::Serializer
  include Rails.application.routes.url_helpers

  attributes :id, :name

  attribute :links do
    id = object.id
    {
      self: api_v1_user_path(id),
      microposts: api_v1_microposts_path(user_id: id)
    }
  end
end

Using the JSON adapter, this will result in:

{
  "user": {
    "id": "1",
    "name": "John",
    "links": {
      "self": "/api/v1/users/1",
      "microposts": "/api/v1/microposts?user_id=1"
    }
  }
}

Links as a property of the resource definiton

This is only applicable to JSONAPI adapter

You can use the link class method to define the links you need in the resource's primary data.

class Api::V1::UserSerializer < ActiveModel::Serializer
  attributes :id, :name

  link(:self) { api_v1_user_path(object.id) }
  link(:microposts) { api_v1_microposts_path(user_id: object.id) }
end

Using the JSONAPI adapter, this will result in:

{
  "data": {
    "id": "1",
    "type": "users",
    "attributes": {
      "name": "Example User"
    },
    "links": {
      "self": "/api/v1/users/1",
      "microposts": "/api/v1/microposts?user_id=1"
    }
  }
}

Links that follow the JSONAPI spec

This is only applicable to JSONAPI adapter

If you have a JSONAPI-strict client that you are working with (like ember-data) you need to construct the links inside the relationships. Also the link to fetch the relationship data must be under the related attribute, whereas to manipulate the relationship (in case of many-to-many relationship) must be under the self attribute.

You can find more info in the spec.

Here is how you can do this:

class Api::V1::UserSerializer < ActiveModel::Serializer
  attributes :id, :name

  has_many :microposts, serializer: Api::V1::MicropostSerializer do
    link(:related) { api_v1_microposts_path(user_id: object.id) }

    microposts = object.microposts
    # The following code is needed to avoid n+1 queries.
    # Core devs are working to remove this necessity.
    # See: https://github.com/rails-api/active_model_serializers/issues/1325
    microposts.loaded? ? microposts : microposts.none
  end
end

This will result in:

{
  "data": {
    "id": "1",
    "type": "users",
    "attributes": {
      "name": "Example User"
    },
    "relationships": {
      "microposts": {
        "data": [],
        "links": {
          "related": "/api/v1/microposts?user_id=1"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}