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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Tips for Humanitarian Information Managers</title>
<meta name="description" content="A framework for easily creating beautiful presentations using HTML">
<meta name="author" content="Simon Johnson">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" />
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no, minimal-ui">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/reveal.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/theme/white_custom.css" id="theme">
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<script type="text/javascript">
var _gaq = _gaq || [];
_gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-46399763-1']);
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var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true;
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<script>
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document.getElementsByTagName( 'head' )[0].appendChild( link );
</script>
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="lib/js/html5shiv.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<!-- Any section element inside of this container is displayed as a slide -->
<div class="slides">
<section id="frontcover" data-background="#009688">
<div class="title_container">
<h1 class="white">50 Humanitarian IM Tips</h1>
<h3 class="white">Tips to organising and managing data in humanitarian response</h3>
<p class="text-small-centre white">
Created by <a href="http://simonbjohnson.github.io" target="_blank">Simon Johnson</a> / <a href="http://twitter.com/simon_b_johnson" target="_blank">@simon_b_johnson</a>
</p>
<p class="text-small-centre white">
Press right on your keyboard or swipe
right to navigate
</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="contents">
<div class="header_bar teal">
<div class="header_title">Contents</div>
</div>
<p class="text-small-centre">Click below to jump to a section</p>
<p class="text-small-centre">
<a class="contents_link" href="#/introduction">Introduction</a>
</p>
<p class="text-small-centre">
<a class="contents_link" href="#/howto">How to use</a>
</p>
<p class="text-small-centre">
<a class="contents_link" href="#/the_basics">The Basics</a>
</p>
<p class="text-small-centre">
<a class="contents_link" href="#/collecting">Collecting</a>
</p>
<p class="text-small-centre">
<a class="contents_link" href="#/spreadsheets">Spreadsheets</a>
</p>
<p class="text-small-centre">
<a class="contents_link" href="#/data_managing">Data Managing</a>
</p>
<p class="text-small-centre">
<a class="contents_link" href="#/visualising">Visualising</a>
</p>
<p class="text-small-centre">
<a class="contents_link" href="#/sharing">Sharing</a>
</p>
<p class="text-small-centre">
<a class="contents_link" href="#/softskills">Soft Skills</a>
</p>
</section>
<section id="intro">
<div class="header_bar teal">
<div class="header_title">Introduction</div>
</div>
<p class="text-small">This guide is intended as a quick read for
anyone who has or is going to be working in
information management in a humanitarian
context.
</p>
<p class="text-small">Many of the tips given will hopefully be
obvious, but do address repeated mistakes
encountered in this sector.
</p>
<div>
<img src="pics/field_office.jpg" alt="field office" />
<p class="image-text">A temporary office after Typhoon Haiyan</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="introduction">
<div class="header_bar teal">
<div class="header_title">Introduction</div>
</div>
<p class="text-small">
Well managed and accurate data are key to
making informed decision within the humanitarian
sector. Information management can help to
shed light on foreign or rapidly changing
environments providing context to decision makers.
Good and well managed information flows can make organisations
more responsive and efficient leading to increased effectiveness
</p>
</section>
<section>
<section id="howto">
<div class="header_bar teal">
<div class="header_title">How To Use</div>
</div>
<p class="text-small">The tips here should not
be considered hard and fast rules, but rather
general guidance. The context of use can
sometime require different and unique approaches.
</p>
<p class="text-small">Each page will provide
a tip and a brief description. If you want to find out
more about a particular tip then press down
on your keyboard or swipe. Here you can find more information
and links to resources providing further
reading and learning materials.
</p>
<div>
<svg class="tealfill" height="250px" id="Layer_1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 256 256" width="256px" xml:space="preserve" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><polygon points="198,80 208,90 128,176 48,90 57,80 128,155 "/></svg>
</div>
<p class="text-bottom">Text here will indicate when you can press down</p>
</section>
<section id="howto_more1">
<div class="header_bar teal">
<div class="header_title">How To Use</div>
</div>
<p class="text-small">
Pages when you slide down will contain extra information and learning materials about the tip.
</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="the_basics" data-background="#673AB7">
<div class="title_container">
<h1 class="white">The Basics</h1>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<section id="the_basics_spreadsheet">
<div class="header_bar deeppurple">
<div class="header_title">01</div>
</div>
<h4>Use a spreadsheet for numerical data</h4>
<p class="text-small">There have been many examples in past humanitarian
responses of numerical data being collected in a word processing document
when they would be more suited to a spreadsheet.
</p>
<p class="text-small">This means simple aggregation, operations
and analysis cannot be completed without first
importing into a spreadsheet. Word tables
may also be formatted in a way that does
not copy well to spreadsheet meaning extra
work before it can be used for analysis.
</p>
<p class="text-bottom">Press down for more</p>
</section>
<section id="the_basics_spreadsheet_more">
<div class="header_bar deeppurple">
<div class="header_title">01</div>
</div>
<p class="text-small">
Microsoft Excel is the most commonly used, but there are free to use alternatives with slightly less functionality.
</p>
<p class="text-small">
Google Spreadsheets: <a href="https://www.google.co.uk/sheets/about/">Webpage</a>
</p>
<p class="text-small">
Open Office: <a href="https://www.openoffice.org/">Webpage</a>
</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="the_basics_connect">
<div class="header_bar deeppurple">
<div class="header_title">02</div>
</div>
<h4>Connect with the community of Information Managers
working in the area
</h4>
<p class="text-small">In most instances where
humanitarian work is taking place there will
be other organisations working on similar
projects. By attending local meetings and
joining relevant Skype groups you can make
contact with other information managers.
By sharing knowledge and collaborating on
solving problems work can be completed quickly
and efficiently.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/skype.png" alt="Save Multiple versions" />
</section>
<section id="the_basics_save">
<div class="header_bar deeppurple">
<div class="header_title">03</div>
</div>
<h4>Save Often</h4>
<p class="text-small">This is a lesson quickly learnt
by most through practical experience. Computers
can be temperamental things and it can be soul
destroying watching your computer crash and losing
an hours worth of work. Save the anguish
and save often!
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/save.png" alt="Save Icon" />
</section>
<section id="the_basics_multiple_versions">
<div class="header_bar deeppurple">
<div class="header_title">04</div>
</div>
<h4>Save Multiple Versions</h4>
<p class="text-small">You might regret that big
change you made to your work last week.
It's best to save multiple versions as you progress
so that you can easily revert any changes you have made.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/save_multiple_versions.png" alt="Save Multiple versions" />
</section>
<section id="the_basics_sensible_file_names">
<div class="header_bar deeppurple">
<div class="header_title">05</div>
</div>
<h4>Use sensible file names</h4>
<p class="text-small">
There are numerous attributes that you could
include in a file name. The most important
aspect is to make sure it is understandable
to yourself, but also to others who might
use your file without the full context.
Some suggested components:
</p>
<ul>
<li>Date - YYYYMMDD</li>
<li>Description</li>
<li>Your Initials</li>
<li>Version Number</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<section id="the_basics_back_up">
<div class="header_bar deeppurple">
<div class="header_title">06</div>
</div>
<h4>Back up your data</h4>
<p class="text-small">Data although saved can
sometimes be lost. This could be due to a
virus, hard disk, user error or tens of other
reasons.
</p>
<p class="text-small">With the prevalence of
cloud services to save files to, work can
be saved online for free.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/dropbox.png" alt="Data flow chart" />
<p class="image-text">Dropbox used in the IFRC Nepal 2015 earthquake response</p>
<p class="text-bottom">Press down for more</p>
</section>
<section id="the_basics_back_up_more">
<div class="header_bar deeppurple">
<div class="header_title">06</div>
</div>
There are a few cloud services providing free accounts for small amount of hosting. These can be used to sync a folder on your computer to be stored remotely. It can also be shared with other users.
<a href="https://www.dropbox.com/">Dropbox</a> and <a href="https://www.google.co.uk/drive/">Google</a> both offer free accounts.
</section>
</section>
<section id="collecting" data-background="#FF9800">
<div class="title_container">
<h1 class="white">Collecting</h1>
</div>
</section>
<section id="collecting_check_exists">
<div class="header_bar orange">
<div class="header_title">07</div>
</div>
<h4>Check whether data already exists</h4>
<p class="text-small">It is worth reaching out
to the information management community
and the government in the area to check that
the information has not already been collected
by someone else. There is no need to duplicate
work that has already been done.
</p>
</section>
<section id="collecting_answers">
<div class="header_bar orange">
<div class="header_title">08</div>
</div>
<h4>Know how your data will answer your questions
</h4>
<p class="text-small">
There have been many assessments carried out where most of
the data collected was never used. By deciding how you will
use your data before you start, you can reduce the amount
of redundant questions and make sure the right ones
are asked.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/data_flow_chart.gif" alt="Data flow chart" />
</section>
<section id="collecting_data_layout">
<div class="header_bar orange">
<div class="header_title">09</div>
</div>
<h4>Design your data template before you collect it</h4>
<p class="text-small">
By designing your data template before collecting data it can give guidance to designing surveys and collecting data from multiple people. If you want to know the damage in each area instead of asking each person an open ended question, providing a template ensures that the data will be collected consistently.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/data_model.png" alt="Data model" />
</section>
<section>
<section id="collecting_mobile_data">
<div class="header_bar orange">
<div class="header_title">10</div>
</div>
<h4>Use Mobile Data collection</h4>
<p class="text-small">
Instead of doing paper based surveys data collection can be completed using mobile devices including phones and tablets. This allows for data validation on entry ensuring the data collected is consistent in nature.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/mobile_data_collection.jpg" alt="Mobile data collection" />
<p class="text-bottom">Press down for more</p>
</section>
<section id="collecting_mobile_data_more">
<div class="header_bar orange">
<div class="header_title">10</div>
</div>
<p class="text-small">
There are a number of tools out there that can help with mobile data collection, some are free and some are paid for.
</p>
<p class="text-small">
<a href="https://opendatakit.org/">Open Data Kit</a> - A free to use mobile data collection application
</p>
<p class="text-small">
<a href="http://home.magpi.com/">MagPi</a> - A commerical mobile data collection application
</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="collecting_consistent_naming">
<div class="header_bar orange">
<div class="header_title">11</div>
</div>
<h4>Consistent variable naming</h4>
<p class="text-small">
If you are carry out more than one round of surveys make sure that the variable names used in the data are consistent with the previous surveys. Otherwise it can be very difficult for the person analysing the data to quickly match the questions together.
</p>
</section>
<section id="collecting_secondary_data_reviews">
<div class="header_bar orange">
<div class="header_title">12</div>
</div>
<h4>Use secondary data reviews</h4>
<p class="text-small">
The data you want may already exist only not in a clean single source. Consider whether it is possible to pull this data together through reviewing and collating other data sources.
</p>
<p class="text-small">
An example of this is the Red Cross creating a <a href="https://data.hdx.rwlabs.org/dataset/ebola-west-africa-ebola-treatment-centres-isolation-wards-hospitals-and-transit-centres">data set of Ebola Treatment centres</a> from different news articles that mentioned them to create a single consolidated data set which did not already exist.
</p>
</section>
<section id="collecting_check_metadata">
<div class="header_bar orange">
<div class="header_title">13</div>
</div>
<h4>Check meta data of data</h4>
<p class="text-small">
If you are using or referring to other data make sure to check the meta data on how, when, where and by who the data was collected. This will give an indication as to how reliable the data is and in which ways the data can be used.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/meta_data.png" alt="Check meta data" />
</section>
<section id="collecting_qualquant">
<div class="header_bar orange">
<div class="header_title">14</div>
</div>
<h4>Understand the difference between quantative data and qualative data.</h4>
<p class="text-small">
Qualitative data refers to stories which are intentionally gathered and systematically sampled, shared, debriefed, and analyzed. It will help you understand the context, produce insights and think about which decisions have to be made.</p>
<p class="text-small">Quantitative data refers to information that can be measured and written down with numbers, standardised and normalised. It will enable you to use metrics to make sound decisions.
</p>
</section>
<section id="spreadsheets" data-background="#03A9F4">
<div class="title_container">
<h1 class="white">Spreadsheets</h1>
</div>
</section>
<section id="spreadsheets_cell">
<div class="header_bar blue">
<div class="header_title">15</div>
</div>
<h4>Only one piece of information per cell
</h4>
<p class="text-small">
Having more than one piece of data in a single
spreadsheet cell prevents the ability to filter, sum
or process a component of the list in any way.
One way to resolve this is to duplicate the line for
each component of the list.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/single_cell.png" alt="Single Cell" />
</section>
<section>
<section id="spreadsheets_learn_vlookups">
<div class="header_bar blue">
<div class="header_title">16</div>
</div>
<h4>Learn VLookups</h4>
<p class="text-small">
Often you will need to look up other data based on a value in your data set. An example is you might have the names of the districts you are working in, but also want the official codes for these. A vlookup can pull through these official codes automatically.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/vlookup.png" alt="VLookup" />
<p class="text-bottom">Press down for more</p>
</section>
<section id="spreadsheets_learn_vlookups_more">
<div class="header_bar blue">
<div class="header_title">16</div>
</div>
<p class="text-small">
Free learning material for learning vlookups
</p>
<p class="text-small">
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-WAEzokHSJM">VLookup tutorial youtube video</a>
</p>
<p class="text-small">
<a href="http://www.excel-easy.com/functions/lookup-reference-functions.html">Excel Easy tutorial</a>
</p>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="spreadsheets_learn_indexmatch">
<div class="header_bar blue">
<div class="header_title">17</div>
</div>
<h4>Or learn index(match())</h4>
<p class="text-small">
Using a combination of index function and the match function can create a more powerful look up.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/vlookup.png" alt="VLookup" />
<p class="text-bottom">Press down for more</p>
</section>
<section id="spreadsheets_learn_indexmatch_more">
<div class="header_bar blue">
<div class="header_title">17</div>
</div>
<p class="text-small">
Free learning material for learning index(match)
</p>
<p class="text-small">
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GZpwGt0hzKs">Index(match) tutorial youtube video</a>
</p>
<p class="text-small">
<a href="http://www.randomwok.com/excel/how-to-use-index-match/">Random Wok tutorial</a>
</p>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="spreadsheets_learn_pivotables">
<div class="header_bar blue">
<div class="header_title">18</div>
</div>
<h4>Learn Pivot Tables</h4>
<p class="text-small">
Pivot tables are a hugely powerful tool in spreadsheets. They are used for summarising, analysing and quickly manipulating data sets.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/pivottables.png" alt="Pivot Table" />
<p class="text-bottom">Press down for more</p>
</section>
<section id="spreadsheets_learn_pivotables_more">
<div class="header_bar blue">
<div class="header_title">18</div>
</div>
<p class="text-small">
Free learning material for pivot tables
</p>
<p class="text-small">
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=peNTp5fuKFg">Pivot Tables for beginners youtube video</a>
</p>
<p class="text-small">
<a href="http://www.excel-easy.com/data-analysis/pivot-tables.html">Excel Easy tutorial</a>
</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="spreadsheets_granular">
<div class="header_bar blue">
<div class="header_title">19</div>
</div>
<h4>Record data at a granular level and use
pivot tables to aggregate up and create
reports
</h4>
<p class="text-small">
Many times people organise their data in the
form it will be reported in. However by aggregating
up it restricts possible ways the data can
be organised in the future if a new need appears.
It is always better to record data in the most basic possible
format.
</p>
</section>
<section id="spreadsheets_merge">
<div class="header_bar blue">
<div class="header_title">20</div>
</div>
<h4>Do not merge cells in a spreadsheet</h4>
<p class="text-small">
This can break some functionality in spreadsheets
such as pivot tables and filters. An alternative
method is to repeat the cell value or use colour to
indicate the range.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/merge.png" alt="Merge cells" />
</section>
<section id="spreadsheets_datatypes">
<div class="header_bar blue">
<div class="header_title">21</div>
</div>
<h4>Keep data types consistent in columns</h4>
<p class="text-small">
Try to make sure that columns do not contain mixed
data types such as numbers and words.
</p>
<p class="text-small">
By making sure all the data types are the same it
means that data operations (e.g. sum) can be carried out over the
columns.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/data_types.png" alt="Data Types" />
</section>
<section id="spreadsheets_consistent">
<div class="header_bar blue">
<div class="header_title">22</div>
</div>
<h4>Keep data names consistent</h4>
<p class="text-small">
Consistent data naming means that when a
spreadsheet is visualised or summarised that
all the correct instances of the data are picked
up. Below we have the same organisation spelt different ways and a simple filter may not pick them all up.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/data_consistent.png" alt="Data Consistent" />
</section>
<section id="spreadsheets_similar">
<div class="header_bar blue">
<div class="header_title">23</div>
</div>
<h4>Keep all similar data in one sheet or data set</h4>
<p class="text-small">
By placing data in separate sheets it hinders
the process of aggregation. Below is one spreadsheet with one tab for each district. It could have been put into one table with a column for district as in column A in the second image. If a report is needed for one district a pivot table can be used to generate this.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/single_tab.png" alt="Single Tabs" />
</section>
<section id="spreadsheets_colour">
<div class="header_bar blue">
<div class="header_title">24</div>
</div>
<h4>Do not use colour to represent data</h4>
<p class="text-small">
When a machine reads the data or it is copied
to another sheet there is a chance that the
formating is lost along with the data it represents.
Create an extra column for the data attribute.
Colour could still be used to highlight data.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/colour_data.png" alt="Using colour to represent data" />
</section>
<section id="data_managing" data-background="#E91E63">
<div class="title_container">
<h1 class="white">Data Managing</h1>
</div>
</section>
<section id="data_managing_spot_check">
<div class="header_bar pink">
<div class="header_title">25</div>
</div>
<h4>Spot check your data</h4>
<p class="text-small">
A spot check is a quick process where you
pick 5 to 10 random lines of your data and
check them thoroughly. It is especially
important to do so with derived data.
</p>
<p class="text-small">
It helps to check that your process is working
consistently through the whole data set.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/spot_check.png" alt="Spot Checks" />
</section>
<section id="data_managing_check_extremes">
<div class="header_bar pink">
<div class="header_title">26</div>
</div>
<h4>Check maximums, minimums and sums</h4>
<p class="text-small">
When reviewing your data always carry out checks
on the extreme. If you have someone over 200 years
old in your data you can probably safely assume that
something needs correcting in the process.
</p>
</section>
<section id="data_managing_sense_check">
<div class="header_bar pink">
<div class="header_title">27</div>
</div>
<h4>Sense Check</h4>
<p class="text-small">
Does your data make sense? If you have more people
affected than the population of the area, something
has probably gone wrong in the process.
</p>
</section>
<section id="data_managing_duplicates">
<div class="header_bar pink">
<div class="header_title">28</div>
</div>
<h4>Check for duplicates</h4>
<p class="text-small">
To quickly find and remove duplicates from your data make use of the sorting function on multiple columns. This will order duplicated rows next to each other.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/duplicates.png" alt="Duplicates" />
</section>
<section id="data_managing_official_codes">
<div class="header_bar pink">
<div class="header_title">29</div>
</div>
<h4>Use official codes to represent regions
and districts where possible
</h4>
<p class="text-small">In many countries where humanitarians
operations are being carried out there will be official
codes from administration areas. As place names can be
spelt in many ways especially where foreign characters
are used it can be hard to compare and join datasets without
these codes. Many hours of time can be saved by using them.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/pcodes.png" alt="place codes example" />
</section>
<section id="data_managing_relationships">
<div class="header_bar pink">
<div class="header_title">30</div>
</div>
<h4>Check relationships</h4>
<p class="text-small">
If you expect certain relationships between data such
as an administration code only belongs to one place this
can also be checked with pivot tables. By dropping both fields
into the row columns it shows all the matches between the two
data columns. Here we can see 524 2 05 25 has been used twice by accident.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/relationships.png" alt="Checking relationships example" />
</section>
<section>
<section id="data_managing_coordinates">
<div class="header_bar pink">
<div class="header_title">31</div>
</div>
<h4>Get coordinates for point data</h4>
<p class="text-small">If you have data that represents a
point such as a hospital or a household instead
of just naming it or giving its address you could
also collect coordinates for it. There are many
possible ways of doing this.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/coordinates.png" alt="Coordinates Map" />
<p class="text-bottom">Press down for more</p>
</section>
<section id="data_managing_coordinates_more">
<div class="header_bar pink">
<div class="header_title">31</div>
</div>
<p class="text-small">
A <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPS_navigation_device">GPS device</a> can be used to get coordinate points. Most smartphones now contain the technology to do this. Mobile data collection applications can also help with the process.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/gps.jpeg" alt="smartphone gps" />
<p class="text-small">
Addresses can be <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocoding">geocoded</a> to get coordinates. However in many developing countries the addresses are not well documented or are non-existent. It's better to record the coordinate data at the same time as data collection.
</p>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="data_managing_hxl">
<div class="header_bar pink">
<div class="header_title">32</div>
</div>
<h4>HXLate your data</h4>
<p class="text-small">
HXL is a different kind of data standard, designed to improve information sharing during a humanitarian crisis without adding extra reporting burdens. By adding HXL to your data you help to make that data more understandable and easier to process in the future.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/hxl_data.png" alt="HXL Data" />
<p class="image-text">3W data with HXL tags (on 7th row) used in the Nepal 2015 Earthquake Response</p>
<p class="text-bottom">Press down for more</p>
</section>
<section id="data_managing_hxlmore">
<div class="header_bar pink">
<div class="header_title">32</div>
</div>
<p class="text-small">
HXL website - Go here to learn how to use HXL: <a href="http://hxlstandard.org/">http://hxlstandard.org/</a>
</p>
<p class="text-small-centre">
HXL Postcard
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/hxl_postcard.jpg" alt="HXL Postcard" />
<p class="text-small-centre">
<a href="http://hxlstandard.org/wp-content/uploads/hxl-postcard-en.pdf">Download HXL Postcard</a>
</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="visualising" data-background="#FFD600">
<div class="title_container">
<h1 class="white">Visualising</h1>
</div>
</section>
<section id="visualising_visualnoise">
<div class="header_bar yellow">
<div class="header_title">33</div>
</div>
<h4>Remove Visual Noise</h4>
<p class="text-small">By removing unnecessary visual elements it allows for easier intepretation of the data.</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/visual_noise.gif" alt="Visual Noise reduction" />
</section>
<section id="visualising_alignment">
<div class="header_bar yellow">
<div class="header_title">34</div>
</div>
<h4>Alignment</h4>
<p class="text-small">
Misaligning elements can make a product look distracting and hard for the user to follow. By aligning elements to a grid system you make the product more appealing and easier to comprehend.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/grid.jpg" alt="Grid alignment" />
</section>
<section>
<section id="visualising_icons">
<div class="header_bar yellow">
<div class="header_title">35</div>
</div>
<h4>Use standard Iconography</h4>
<p class="text-small">
When producing reports, maps or dashboards using standard iconography can help the viewer
quickly interpret the themes and meanings from familar pictures.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/icons.jpg" alt="Example of icons" />
<p class="text-bottom">Press down for more</p>
</section>
<section id="visualising_iconsmore">
<div class="header_bar yellow">
<div class="header_title">35</div>
</div>
<p class="text-small">
<a href="http://reliefweb.int/report/world/world-humanitarian-and-country-icons-2012">An article about humanitarian icons</a>
</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="visualising_colorcon">
<div class="header_bar yellow">
<div class="header_title">36</div>
</div>
<h4>Be aware of colour connotations</h4>
<p class="text-small">Colours have different meaning attached to them. If you colour areas on a map red, some people will assume that it may indicate an area of danger when this may not be your intent. It is worth being aware that different colours may have different meanings in various cultures.</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/colour_wheel.gif" alt="Colour wheel" />
</section>
<section>
<section id="visualising_color_scheme">
<div class="header_bar yellow">
<div class="header_title">37</div>
</div>
<h4>Choose readable colour schemes</h4>
<p class="text-small">
Be careful when choosing colours, especially on maps, to make sure everyone can read them. Your product may be printed in black and white or read by someone with colour blindness. Choosing a simple colour scale with varying lightness can solve this problem.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/bad_colours.jpg" alt="Bad Colours" />
<p class="image-text">An example of a difficult to read colour scheme</p>
<p class="text-bottom">Press down for more</p>
</section>
<section id="visualising_color_scheme_more">
<div class="header_bar yellow">
<div class="header_title">37</div>
</div>
<p class="text-small">
There are good tools out there for helping to pick a good colour scheme.
</p>
<p class="text-small">
<a href="http://colorbrewer2.org/">Color Brewer</a> is a particular good tool which has options for selecting schemes that work on black and white printers and for people with colour blindness
</p>
<p class="text-small">
QGIS Preview Mode can show your map in grayscale or simulate colour blindness modes (View -> Preview mode ->)
</p>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="visualising_maps">
<div class="header_bar yellow">
<div class="header_title">38</div>
</div>
<h4>Make Maps</h4>
<p class="text-small">
If your data has a geographical element it may be better to represent it as a map rather than a data table. There are a few free and paid software and services that can do this.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/map.jpg" alt="Map" />
<p class="text-bottom">Press down for more</p>
</section>
<section id="visualising_maps_more">
<div class="header_bar yellow">
<div class="header_title">38</div>
</div>
<h4>Make Maps</h4>
<p class="text-small">
<a href="http://www.qgis.org/en/site/">QGIS</a> is open source software used for creating maps.
</p>
<p class="text-small">
<a href="http://www.qgistutorials.com/en/">QGIS tutorials</a> is a website that contains a lot of learning material for making maps with QGIS.
</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="visualising_dashboards">
<div class="header_bar yellow">
<div class="header_title">39</div>
</div>
<h4>Make Infographics and Dashboards</h4>
<p class="text-small">
Your pivot table report may tell everything a manager or the public needs to know, however engagement of it will be low. By making infographics and dashboards it will help to get the key figures read.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/infographic.png" alt="Infographic" />
</section>
<section>
<section id="visualising_webmaps">
<div class="header_bar yellow">
<div class="header_title">40</div>
</div>
<h4>Make Web Maps</h4>
<p class="text-small">Web maps can allow the user to interact with the map by zooming, panning, clicking and turning layers on and off. This extra control means more data can be given to the user and they can customise what they are seeing for their own analysis.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/webmap.jpg" alt="Web map" />
</section>
<section id="visualising_webmaps_more">
<div class="header_bar yellow">
<div class="header_title">40</div>
</div>
<p class="text-small">For those who do not know how to code there are services out there that provide web maps. <a href="https://cartodb.com/">CartoDB</a> is a popular service to get web maps of your data up and running quickly.</p>
<p class="text-small">For the more adventurous it is possible to code your own web maps with JavaScript. <a href="http://leafletjs.com/">Leaflet</a> is a good library to start with.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="visualising_webdashboards">
<div class="header_bar yellow">
<div class="header_title">41</div>
</div>
<h4>Make Interactive Dashboards</h4>
<p class="text-small">
Interactive dashboards are harder to make, but can allow a user to drill down, slice and really analyse a data set.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/interactive_dashboard.jpg" alt="Interactive dashboard" />
</section>
<section id="visualising_webdashboards">
<div class="header_bar yellow">
<div class="header_title">41</div>
</div>
<p class="text-small">
A popular paid software for doing this is <a href="https://public.tableau.com/s/">Tableau</a>. They also have a free version for personal use to try.
</p>
<p class="text-small">
If you are familiar with coding there are some great javascript libraries to make online dashboards with. It is worth have a read around <a href="http://d3js.org/">d3.js</a>, <a href="http://square.github.io/crossfilter/">crossfilter.js</a> and <a href="https://dc-js.github.io/dc.js/">dc.js</a>.
</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="sharing" data-background="#4CAF50">
<div class="title_container">
<h1 class="white">Sharing</h1>
</div>
</section>
<section id="sharing_not_pdf">
<div class="header_bar green">
<div class="header_title">42</div>
</div>
<h4>Share your data in a spreadsheet not a PDF</h4>
<p class="text-small">If you want to share your
data for others to use then a spreadsheet
is better than a table in a PDF. Data tables
in PDFs do not always copy well to a spreadsheet
and hours can be wasted getting the data into a usable
format. Consider also sharing the data behind maps and reports
for other people to make use of.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/sharing_pdfs.png" alt="HDX home page" />
</section>
<section id="sharing_hdx">
<div class="header_bar green">
<div class="header_title">43</div>
</div>
<h4>Share open data on HDX</h4>
<p class="text-small">The Humanitarian Data Exchange
is a data sharing platform for humanitarian data.
By sharing data we allow more people to make
informed data driven decisions.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/hdx.jpg" alt="HDX home page" />
</section>
<section id="sharing_reliefweb">
<div class="header_bar green">
<div class="header_title">43</div>
</div>
<h4>Share reports and dashboards on Relief Web</h4>
<p class="text-small">By sharing your products on relief web others in the humanitarian
community can find them and use them.
</p>
<p class="text-small">
<a href="http://reliefweb.int/" target="_blank">Relief Web</a>
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/sharing_reliefweb.png" alt="Relief web home page" />
</section>
<section id="sharing_consistent">
<div class="header_bar green">
<div class="header_title">44</div>
</div>
<h4>Use consistent web addresses for updates</h4>
<p class="text-small">A user may bookmark or directly link
to your data set from another location. If you do not
use the same web address for updated information this
will be missed.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/consistent_urls.png" alt="Consistent urls" />
</section>
<section id="sharing_metadata">
<div class="header_bar green">
<div class="header_title">45</div>
</div>
<h4>Embed meta-data in the document</h4>
<p class="text-small">Data often gets shared in ad hoc
ways through emails and online services. If the meta
data is not in the data document then the two can get separated.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/embed_meta_data.png" alt="Embed meta data" />
</section>
<section id="softskills" data-background="#F44336">
<div class="title_container">
<h1 class="white">Soft skills</h1>
</div>
</section>
<section id="softskills_verbal_comms">
<div class="header_bar red">
<div class="header_title">46</div>
</div>
<h4>Verbal Communication</h4>
<p class="text-small">While information management
products can communicate the data and a message, an information
manager will often find themselves in meetings and presentations.
To be able to verbally communicate the data and to simplify complex ideas is a
powerful tool.
</p>
</section>
<section id="softskills_listen">
<div class="header_bar red">
<div class="header_title">47</div>
</div>
<h4>Listen</h4>
<p class="text-small">Listen and be patient while understanding the needs of the users of your IM products. Find out their contraints and resources. Summarise what you think they want and get them to agree. Don't build what you think they need, make what they actually need. Follow the steps on the listening wheel below to help.
</p>
<img class="stretch" src="pics/listening_wheel.jpg" alt="Listening Wheel" />
</section>
<section id="softskills_distill_questions">
<div class="header_bar red">
<div class="header_title">48</div>
</div>
<h4>Distill the questions</h4>
<p class="text-small">
The question the user may originally pose or product that the user may ask for might not always be what they actually want. Sometimes people make their own intepretation of solving a problem.
By discussing the problem and ideas with them better solutions may be found.
</p>
</section>
<section id="softskills_assumptions">
<div class="header_bar red">
<div class="header_title">49</div>
</div>
<h4>Don't make assumptions about the user</h4>
<p class="text-small">
When talking to users or producing products for the user make no assumptions about what they already know. Listen to their constraints and knowledge.
</p>
</section>
<section id="softskills_take_breaks">
<div class="header_bar red">
<div class="header_title">50</div>
</div>
<h4>Take breaks and get good sleep</h4>
<p class="text-small">Humanitarian Response can be stressful and exhausting work. Give yourself regular breaks and make sure you get enough sleep!
</p>