linux.md

Linux Basic Commands Exercises for Beginners

Project 1: Navigating the Filesystem

Scenario:

You have just logged into your Linux system and need to navigate through the filesystem to find a specific file named treasure_map.txt.

Challenge:

1. Print the current working directory.
2. List the contents of the current directory.
3. Change to the /home directory.
4. List the contents of the /home directory.
5. Find the file treasure_map.txt and print its location.

Hint:

1. Print the current working directory:
   ```bash
   pwd

2. List the contents of the current directory:

   ls

3. Change to the /home directory:

   cd /home

4. List the contents of the /home directory:

   ls

5. Find the file treasure_map.txt and print its location:

   find /home -name treasure_map.txt

## Project 2: Managing Files and Directories

### Scenario:
You need to organize your files and directories for a research project. This involves creating directories, moving files, and deleting unnecessary files.

### Challenge:
1. Create a directory named `research`.
2. Move into the `research` directory.
3. Create an empty file named `notes.txt`.
4. Create a subdirectory named `data`.
5. Move `notes.txt` into the `data` subdirectory.
6. Delete the `notes.txt` file from the `data` subdirectory.

### Hint:

1. Create a directory named research:

   mkdir research

2. Move into the research directory:

   cd research

3. Create an empty file named notes.txt:

   touch notes.txt

4. Create a subdirectory named data:

   mkdir data

5. Move notes.txt into the data subdirectory:

   mv notes.txt data/

6. Delete the notes.txt file from the data subdirectory:

   rm data/notes.txt

## Project 3: Viewing and Editing Files

### Scenario:
You have a file named `artifact_info.txt` containing important information about discovered artifacts. You need to view and edit this file using basic Linux commands.

### Challenge:
1. View the contents of the file `artifact_info.txt`.
2. Append the text "New artifact discovered" to the file.
3. Display the last 5 lines of the file.
4. Count the number of lines in the file.

### Hint:

1. View the contents of the file artifact_info.txt:

   cat artifact_info.txt

2. Append the text "New artifact discovered" to the file:

   echo "New artifact discovered" >> artifact_info.txt

3. Display the last 5 lines of the file:

   tail -n 5 artifact_info.txt

4. Count the number of lines in the file:

   wc -l artifact_info.txt

## Project 4: Managing Processes

### Scenario:
Your system is running several processes, and you need to monitor and manage these processes to ensure optimal performance.

### Challenge:
1. Display a list of all running processes.
2. Find the process ID (PID) of a process named `research_daemon`.
3. Kill the process `research_daemon` using its PID.
4. Verify that the process has been terminated.

### Hint:

1. Display a list of all running processes:

   ps aux

2. Find the process ID (PID) of a process named research_daemon:

   pgrep research_daemon

3. Kill the process research_daemon using its PID (replace <PID> with the actual PID):

   kill <PID>

4. Verify that the process has been terminated:

   pgrep research_daemon

## Project 5: Using Basic Networking Commands

### Scenario:
You need to troubleshoot network connectivity issues on your Linux system by using basic networking commands.

### Challenge:
1. Display the IP address of your system.
2. Display the network interfaces on your system.
3. Ping the website `www.example.com` to check connectivity.
4. Display the routing table.

### Hint:

1. Display the IP address of your system:

   ifconfig

2. Display the network interfaces on your system:

   ip link show

3. Ping the website www.example.com to check connectivity:

   ping www.example.com

4. Display the routing table:

   netstat -rn

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These exercises will provide you with practical experience using basic Linux commands and help you develop a solid understanding of fundamental Linux operations.