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L2 翻译经验分享

Elvarez、Yuehua 主讲

Elvarez、Yuehua 供稿

Leo(LeoTsui)、精灵兔、Scarlett(ScarlettSun9)整理

Scarlett、 Leo、AthenaX(athena-xcy)参与讨论,对本文亦有贡献

代词还原

由于字幕的短时性,还原指代内容会对学习者的理解有很大的帮助

例一(动画书)

486 00:22:32,490 --> 00:22:35,369 就像小时候大家玩过的那种动画书 It's like as a kid, if you ever had one of those paper flip books 487 00:22:35,370 --> 00:22:37,042 一本书就是一叠图画 where there's tons of drawings in them,

在上例中,them 被译为“一本书”

例二(循环)

72 00:43:37,230 --> 00:43:40,400 也就是说 在这个循环第1次迭代时 So what this effectively means is on the first iteration of the loop, when 73 00:43:40,403 --> 00:43:44,427 i等于0 就像这样 i equals 0, this looks like this, effectively. 74 00:43:44,427 --> 00:43:48,431 再次迭代时i等于1 就变成了这样 When i then becomes 1 on the next iteration, then you're doing this. 75 00:43:48,434 --> 00:43:51,982 最后一次迭代时 i等于2 就是这样 When i becomes 2 on the final iteration, it looks like this. 76 00:43:51,982 --> 00:43:55,269 而当i等于3时 由于3不小于3 When i becomes 3, well, 3 is not less than 3, 77 00:43:55,266 --> 00:43:57,328 这个循环就停止执行了 and so it doesn't execute again.

上例中,某个循环(loop)第一次出现是在 72 行,然后教授进行了一连串的说明,直到第 77 行才再次出现代词 it,这时为了表意更清晰,译为“这个循环”

例三(像素点)

461 00:21:20,601 --> 00:21:23,404 如果我继续拉近 最终你能看到的 And if I go an even further, you can actually see 462 00:21:23,405 --> 00:21:25,835 就是组成这个表情的像素小方块 the tiny little squares that compose this image, 463 00:21:25,836 --> 00:21:28,395 在这个范围中 大部分像素点都是黄色的 most of which at the zoom level are yellow,

上例中 which 指代的是像素小方块(the tiny little squares),故 most of which 译为“大部分像素点”

长的定语从句在翻译时,经常在中文中被分成两句,和英文的习惯不同,中文习惯在名词前放过长的修饰,而英文会分成两句,用代词来指代重复的名词

例四(精度不足)

81 01:35:02,410 --> 01:35:06,160 简单来说 在科学或金融 So long story short, any time you have scientific or financial 82 01:35:06,160 --> 01:35:10,270 还有其他涉及大量数据的领域 or any sort of large data sets that involve big numbers and lots of them 83 01:35:10,270 --> 01:35:12,640 时间一长 精度不足就会暴露出问题 and lots of time, this is a problem.

语境是在这几句之前教授举了火箭和金融领域的例子,花了比较长的篇幅解释计算机的精度在实践中的重要性,81-83 句属于总结部分,这部分的核心问题“精度不足”需要还原出来

补充解释

简单来说就是把字幕中没讲出来但教授实际有传达的意思翻出来,在合理范围内进行补充,包括手势、时间、空间等,便于观众理解。

例一(小数点)

40 01:33:10,990 --> 01:33:13,660 要不是我刚才一时好奇 嫌小数点后7位不够精确 I mean, we would never have known this if I hadn't gotten greedy 41 01:33:13,660 --> 01:33:18,570 求出了后50位数 也不会知道后面的数字不全是0 and looked at 50 decimal places instead of 7, which was already pretty precise.

这里讲的是2/10并不正好等于0.2,随着小数点后位数的增多,2/10实际上会稍大于0.2,“后面的数字不全是0”就是结合教授的演示对“this”的解释。在视频里这个部分就是 显示屏上有0.20000000XXXX 一连串0之后在XXX的位置出现了非0的数

例二(排版)

61 01:43:29,080 --> 01:43:33,610 大家注意 我之前的代码都是这么排版的 And notice stylistically, I've been doing this instinctively for some time. 62 01:43:33,610 --> 01:43:36,760 适当缩进 读起来会更加方便 Everything's nicely indented just to make it more readable, 63 01:43:36,760 --> 01:43:39,760 就跟Scratch里的功能块差不多 虽然排版上的留空 quite like the Scratch blocks, even though again a lot of white space

这个也是结合了教授在显示屏上演示的界面,把“white space(空白,留白)”补充解释为了“排版上的留空”。

反译

由于中英文用词/表达习惯不同,有时候直译就会显得翻译腔很重,所以在处理的时候可以考虑“正话反说”、“反话正说”,让字幕看起来更符合中文的表达习惯。

例一(双精度浮点数)

127 01:37:06,410 --> 01:37:09,030 计算机科学离不开权衡利弊 and computer science more generally there's always a trade-off. 128 01:37:09,030 --> 01:37:13,160 使用双精度浮点数 在精度上的确更占优势 And yes, if you use a double, you will avoid this problem a bit more, 129 01:37:13,160 --> 01:37:15,880 但代价是什么呢 but what price will you pay, so to speak?

在上例中,“you will avoid this problem a bit more”直译为“你就能更好地避免这个问题”多少会有点别扭,此处“避免问题”反译成了“占优势”。

例二(字符类型)

3 01:40:40,080 --> 01:40:42,350 有时你需要的不是一整段 一整句 If you don't want a whole string, like a whole word 4 01:40:42,350 --> 01:40:45,320 也不是一个完整词 而只是一个字母 or a paragraph or sentence or whatever, you just want one character. 5 01:40:45,320 --> 01:40:48,230 这时字符类型就派上用场了 You can actually use what's called a char or character.

上例中“don't want”翻成“你并不想要……”感觉也并不那么通顺,此处结合上下两行,把否定后移,“不想要”反译成“需要”。

例三(终端窗口)

65 01:43:41,750 --> 01:43:43,840 我先试运行看看 So if I go ahead and run this- 66 01:43:43,840 --> 01:43:46,150 有点看不见我把终端窗口拉上来 let me pull up the terminal window so I can see it.

上例中“so I can see it”略过不合适,翻成“这样我就看得见了”也不合适,索性正话反说

常见的可能就是 否定词/表示否定意思的词

外一例

89 00:28:10,900 --> 00:28:13,885 这些格子画成这样是因为空间有限 And the fact that they wrap around is just an artist rendition. 90 00:28:13,881 --> 00:28:16,860 你可以想象一下 就像这样从左到右排 These things you can think of just virtually as going left to right, 91 00:28:16,860 --> 00:28:19,836 跟格子并不像 但画出来 只能这样了 not in any kind of grid, but physically, they look like this.

“an artist rendition”直译过来是艺术家对某种事物的艺术化诠释,在本例中的语境时教授画格子没有地方画了