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Code on iPad using Raspberry Pi 4 and Code Server

Setting up Raspberry Pi 4

After the OS is burnt, the SD card will be automatically ejected. Take it out and insert it again into your laptop's SD card reader because there are 2 more things we need to do before we proceed to the iPad.

  1. Write and empty ssh file to the Raspberry Pi.

    $ touch /Volumes/boot/ssh

  2. Write and edit wpa_supplicant.conf on the Raspberry Pi boot partition and add the content bellow to it. Replace the country code with your own and same for ssid and psk for your WiFi.

    $ vim /Volumes/boot/wpa_supplicant.conf

    country=NL
ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
update_config=1

network={
    ssid="Name of your WiFi"
    psk="Password of you WiFi"
}

  3. Now safely eject the SD card and insert it in you Raspberry Pi. Then connect the Raspberry Pi to the iPad using the USB-C cable.

  4. Now the Raspberry Pi 4 will boot up, so let it boot for a minute to be sure and fire up the Blink terminal. To ssh to the Pi via the terminal use:

    $ ssh [email protected]

    You will be prompted with a password request. Just type in raspberry and now you are connected to your Pi. You can change the password and the name of your Raspberry Pi using the sudo raspi-config command. You can find more about this online.

  5. Let's activate VNC on the Raspberry Pi 4. To do this enter the config screen using:

    $ sudo raspi-config

    Select Interfacing Options then VNC and now you are ready to connect to your Pi using VNC. Also while you are here make sure that you are in the correct time-zone by navigating to Localisation Options.

  6. Now let's update the Pi OS and install necessary packages by running:

    $ sudo apt update

    $ sudo apt upgrade -y

    $ sudo apt install dnsmasq -y

    $ sudo apt install vim

  7. Next step is to setup the Raspberry Pi as a USB-C gadget and it will show up as a ethernet device on the iPad.

    7.1. Some basic config

    $ sudo echo "dtoverlay=dwc2" >> /boot/config.txt

    $ sudo echo "modules-load=dwc2" >> /boot/cmdline.txt

    $ sudo echo "libcomposite" >> /etc/modules

    $ sudo echo "denyinterfaces usb0" >> /etc/dhcpcd.conf

    NOTE: If you get access denied to write on config.txt and the other files just use the command bellow. I know it is not the safest but only you will access this Pi ideally.

    $ sudo chmod ugo+rwx /boot/config.txt

    7.2. Create the following files and add the configuration bellow to them:

    $ sudo vim /etc/dnsmasq.d/usb

    interface=usb0
dhcp-range=10.55.0.2,10.55.0.6,255.255.255.248,1h
dhcp-option=3
leasefile-ro

    $ sudo vim /etc/network/interfaces.d/usb0

    auto usb0
allow-hotplug usb0
iface usb0 inet static
    address 10.55.0.1
    netmask 255.255.255.248

    $ sudo vim /root/usb.sh

    #!/bin/bash
cd /sys/kernel/config/usb_gadget/
mkdir -p pi4
cd pi4
echo 0x1d6b > idVendor # Linux Foundation
echo 0x0104 > idProduct # Multifunction Composite Gadget
echo 0x0100 > bcdDevice # v1.0.0
echo 0x0200 > bcdUSB # USB2
echo 0xEF > bDeviceClass
echo 0x02 > bDeviceSubClass
echo 0x01 > bDeviceProtocol
mkdir -p strings/0x409
echo "fedcba9876543211" > strings/0x409/serialnumber
echo "Ben Hardill" > strings/0x409/manufacturer
echo "PI4 USB Device" > strings/0x409/product
mkdir -p configs/c.1/strings/0x409
echo "Config 1: ECM network" > configs/c.1/strings/0x409/configuration
echo 250 > configs/c.1/MaxPower
# Add functions here
# see gadget configurations below
# End functions
mkdir -p functions/ecm.usb0
HOST="00:dc:c8:f7:75:14" # "HostPC"
SELF="00:dd:dc:eb:6d:a1" # "BadUSB"
echo $HOST > functions/ecm.usb0/host_addr
echo $SELF > functions/ecm.usb0/dev_addr
ln -s functions/ecm.usb0 configs/c.1/
udevadm settle -t 5 || :
ls /sys/class/udc > UDC
ifup usb0
service dnsmasq restart

    Make /root/usb.sh executable:

    $ chmod +x /root/usb.sh

    Add sh /root/usb.sh to /etc/rc.local file before exit 0 line.

    After reboot $ sudo reboot the Pi4 will show up as a ethernet device with an IP address of 10.55.0.1 and will assign the device you plug it into an IP address via DHCP. This means you can just ssh to [email protected] to start using it. If after reboot you can't see it as a ethernet device, just shut it down, disconenct it from the iPad and reconnect it again and evetything should be fine.

Setting up Code-Server on Raspberry Pi 4

  1. Install NodeJS

    To check the which type of processor you have (e.g. ARMv6, ARMv7 or ARMv8) run the following command:

    $ uname -m

    Go to NodeJS download page and copy the link address of the NodeJS for the type of processor you have. I have ARMv7 so I will run:

    $ wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v14.16.1/node-v14.16.1-linux-armv7l.tar.gz

    NOTE: If the extension of the file is tar.xz just change in the link to gz.

    $ tar -xzf node-v14.16.1-linux-armv7l.tar.gz

    $ cd node-v14.16.1-linux-armv7l

    sudo cp -R * /usr/local/

    Check if NodeJS and NPM were installed correctly:

    $ node -v

    $ npm -v

  2. Install code-server

    2.1. Run the following command to install code-server. Be patient, it will take between 5 - 10 minutes, maybe even more.

    $ curl -fsSL https://code-server.dev/install.sh | sh

    2.2. Configure code-server to be make sure it can be accessed from your iPad's browser:

    $ sudo mkdir /home/pi/.config/code-server

    $ sudo vim /home/pi/.config/code-server/config.yaml

    Add the following to your config file:

    ---
bind-addr: 0.0.0.0:8080
auth: password
password: <WHATEVER PASSWORD YOU WANT TO LOGIN TO CODE SERVER>
cert: false

    2.3. Let's configure it as a service which will start when the Pi boots so that you don't always have to do it manually.

    $ sudo vim /lib/systemd/system/code-server.service

    Add the following to the service file:

    [Unit]
Description=code-server
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
Environment=PASSWORD=code-server-password
ExecStart=code-server --bind-addr 0.0.0.0:8080 --user-data-dir /var/lib/code-server --auth password
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

    $ sudo mkdir /var/lib/code-server

    $ sudo systemctl daemon-reload

    $ sudo systemctl start code-server

    $ sudo systemctl enable code-server

    $ sudo systemctl status code-server

    To stop the service manually:

    $ sudo systemctl stop code-server

    Now everytime you boot the Pi, code-server will start automatically

Access Code-Server from the iPad

On the iPad go to http://10.55.0.1:8080 and login with the password you set above and that's it! Enjoy coding on your iPad!

Update Code-Server

`$ sudo apt-get update`

If the command above gives you an error then run 

`$ sudo apt update`

`$ sudo apt-get upgrade`

Upgrade NPM

`$ sudo npm install -g npm`

Uninstall Code-Server

`$ sudo npm uninstall -g code-server`

Install the new version of Code-Server

`$ sudo npm i -g --unsafe-perm code-server`