diff --git a/src/googmodule.ts b/src/googmodule.ts
index bf6e6d91b..c5556a76f 100644
--- a/src/googmodule.ts
+++ b/src/googmodule.ts
@@ -301,6 +301,88 @@ export function extractModuleMarker(
   return literalTypeOfSymbol(localSymbol);
 }
 
+// node -p "require('module').builtinModules"
+const NODEJS_BUILTIN_MODULES = new Set([
+  '_http_agent',
+  '_http_client',
+  '_http_common',
+  '_http_incoming',
+  '_http_outgoing',
+  '_http_server',
+  '_stream_duplex',
+  '_stream_passthrough',
+  '_stream_readable',
+  '_stream_transform',
+  '_stream_wrap',
+  '_stream_writable',
+  '_tls_common',
+  '_tls_wrap',
+  'assert',
+  'assert/strict',
+  'async_hooks',
+  'buffer',
+  'child_process',
+  'cluster',
+  'console',
+  'constants',
+  'crypto',
+  'dgram',
+  'diagnostics_channel',
+  'dns',
+  'dns/promises',
+  'domain',
+  'events',
+  'fs',
+  'fs/promises',
+  'http',
+  'http2',
+  'https',
+  'inspector',
+  'module',
+  'net',
+  'os',
+  'path',
+  'path/posix',
+  'path/win32',
+  'perf_hooks',
+  'process',
+  'punycode',
+  'querystring',
+  'readline',
+  'readline/promises',
+  'repl',
+  'stream',
+  'stream/consumers',
+  'stream/promises',
+  'stream/web',
+  'string_decoder',
+  'sys',
+  'timers',
+  'timers/promises',
+  'tls',
+  'trace_events',
+  'tty',
+  'url',
+  'util',
+  'util/types',
+  'v8',
+  'vm',
+  'wasi',
+  'worker_threads',
+  'zlib',
+]);
+
+// Possible patterns:
+// - "fs" (\w+)
+// - "node:fs" (node:\w+)
+// - "fs/promises" (\w+/\w+)
+// - "node:fs/promises" (node:\w+/\w+)
+const NODEJS_BUILTIN_PATTERN = /^(?:node:)?(\w+(?:\/\w+)?)$/;
+function isNodeJSBuiltin(specifier: string): boolean {
+  const match = specifier.match(NODEJS_BUILTIN_PATTERN);
+  return match !== null && NODEJS_BUILTIN_MODULES.has(match[1]);
+}
+
 /** Internal TypeScript APIs on ts.Declaration. */
 declare interface InternalTsDeclaration {
   locals?: ts.SymbolTable;
@@ -706,6 +788,7 @@ export function commonJsToGoogmoduleTransformer(
           newIdent: ts.Identifier|undefined): ts.Statement|null {
         const importedUrl = extractRequire(call);
         if (!importedUrl) return null;
+        if (isNodeJSBuiltin(importedUrl.text)) return null;
         // if importPathToGoogNamespace reports an error, it has already been
         // reported when originally transforming the file to JS (e.g. to produce
         // the goog.requireType call). Side-effect imports generate no
diff --git a/test/googmodule_test.ts b/test/googmodule_test.ts
index a258a7bcf..ded2e1d88 100644
--- a/test/googmodule_test.ts
+++ b/test/googmodule_test.ts
@@ -501,6 +501,46 @@ describe('convertCommonJsToGoogModule', () => {
     `));
   });
 
+  describe('nodejs builtin imports', () => {
+    it('converts builtin imports to require (not goog.require)', () => {
+      const before = `
+      import {readFile as a} from 'fs';
+      import {readFile as b} from 'fs/promises';
+      import {readFile as c} from 'node:fs';
+      import {readFile as d} from 'node:fs/promises';
+      console.log(a, b, c, d);
+      `;
+
+      expectCommonJs('a.ts', before, false).toBe(outdent(`
+        goog.module('a');
+        var module = module || { id: 'a.ts' };
+        goog.require('tslib');
+        const fs_1 = require("fs");
+        const promises_1 = require("fs/promises");
+        const node_fs_1 = require("node:fs");
+        const promises_2 = require("node:fs/promises");
+        console.log(fs_1.readFile, promises_1.readFile, node_fs_1.readFile, promises_2.readFile);
+      `));
+    });
+
+    it('allows a trailing slash as an escape hatch', () => {
+      const before = `
+      import {readFile as a} from 'fs/';
+      import {readFile as b} from 'fs/promises/';
+      console.log(a, b);
+      `;
+
+      expectCommonJs('a.ts', before, false).toBe(outdent(`
+        goog.module('a');
+        var module = module || { id: 'a.ts' };
+        goog.require('tslib');
+        const fs_1 = goog.require('fs');
+        const promises_1 = goog.require('fs.promises');
+        console.log(fs_1.readFile, promises_1.readFile);
+      `));
+    });
+  });
+
   describe('dynamic import', () => {
     it('handles dynamic imports', () => {
       const before = `