Resource Data Management

Overview

This project is a collection of classes to assist with loading of various enrichment and threat intelligence sources into Metron.

Simple HBase Enrichments/Threat Intelligence

The vast majority of enrichments and threat intelligence processing tend toward the following pattern:

Take a field
Look up the field in a key/value store
If the key exists, then either it's a threat to be alerted or it should be enriched with the value associated with the key.

As such, we have created this capability as a default threat intel and enrichment adapter. The basic primitive for simple enrichments and threat intelligence sources is a complex key containing the following:

Type : The type of threat intel or enrichment (e.g. malicious_ip)
Indicator : The indicator in question
Value : The value to associate with the type, indicator pair. This is a JSON map.

At present, all of the dataloads utilities function by converting raw data sources to this primitive key (type, indicator) and value to be placed in HBase.

In the case of threat intel, a hit on the threat intel table will result in:

The is_alert field being set to true in the index
A field named threatintels.hbaseThreatIntel.$field.$threatintel_type is set to alert
- $field is the field in the original document that was a match (e.g. src_ip_addr)
- $threatintel_type is the type of threat intel imported (defined in the Extractor configuration below).

In the case of simple hbase enrichment, a hit on the enrichments table will result in the following new field for each key in the value:enrichments.hbaseEnrichment.$field.$enrichment_type.$key

$field is the field in the original document that was a match (e.g. src_ip_addr)
$enrichment_type is the type of enrichment imported (defined in the Extractor configuration below).
$key is a key in the JSON map associated with the row in HBase.

For instance, in the situation where we had the following very silly key/value in HBase in the enrichment table:

indicator: 127.0.0.1
type : important_addresses
value: { "name" : "localhost", "location" : "home" }

If we had a document whose ip_src_addr came through with a value of 127.0.0.1, we would have the following fields added to the indexed document:

enrichments.hbaseEnrichment.ip_src_addr.important_addresses.name : localhost
enrichments.hbaseEnrichment.ip_src_addr.important_addresses.location : home

Extractor Framework

For the purpose of ingesting data of a variety of formats, we have created an Extractor framework which allows for common data formats to be interpreted as enrichment or threat intelligence sources. The formats supported at present are:

CSV (both threat intel and enrichment)
STIX (threat intel only)
Custom (pass your own class)

All of the current utilities take a JSON file to configure how to interpret input data. This JSON describes the type of data and the schema if necessary for the data if it is not fixed (as in STIX, e.g.).

CSV Extractor

Consider the following example configuration file which describes how to process a CSV file.

{
  "config" : {
    "columns" : {
         "ip" : 0
        ,"source" : 2
    }
    ,"indicator_column" : "ip"
    ,"type" : "malicious_ip"
    ,"separator" : ","
  }
  ,"extractor" : "CSV"
}

In this example, we have instructed the extractor of the schema (i.e. the columns field), two columns at the first and third position. We have indicated that the ip column is the indicator type and that the enrichment type is named malicious_ip. We have also indicated that the extractor to use is the CSV Extractor. The other option is the STIX extractor or a fully qualified classname for your own extractor.

The meta column values will show up in the value in HBase because it is called out as a non-indicator column. The key for the value will be 'meta'. For instance, given an input string of 123.45.123.12,something,the grapevine, the following key, value would be extracted:

Indicator : 123.45.123.12
Type : malicious_ip
Value : { "ip" : "123.45.123.12", "source" : "the grapevine" }

STIX Extractor

Consider the following config for importing STIX documents. This is a threat intelligence interchange format, so it is particularly relevant and attractive data to import for our purposes. Because STIX is a standard format, there is no need to specify the schema or how to interpret the documents.

We support the versions of Stix and Cybox supported by java-stix:

Stix - 1.2 and earlier
Cybox - 2.1 and earlier

We support a subset of STIX messages for importation:

STIX Type	Specific Type	Enrichment Type Name
Address	IPV_4_ADDR	address:IPV_4_ADDR
Address	IPV_6_ADDR	address:IPV_6_ADDR
Address	E_MAIL	address:E_MAIL
Address	MAC	address:MAC
Domain	FQDN	domain:FQDN
Hostname		hostname
URI		uriobjecttype

NOTE: The enrichment type will be used as the type above.

Consider the following configuration for an Extractor

{
  "config" : {
    "stix_address_categories" : "IPV_4_ADDR"
  }
  ,"extractor" : "STIX"
}

In here, we're configuring the STIX extractor to load from a series of STIX files, however we only want to bring in IPv4 addresses from the set of all possible addresses. Note that if no categories are specified for import, all are assumed. Also, only address and domain types allow filtering via stix_address_categories and stix_domain_categories config parameters.

Common Extractor Properties

Users also have the ability to transform and filter enrichment and threat intel data using Stellar as it is loaded into HBase. This feature is available to all extractor types.

As an example, we will be providing a CSV list of top domains as an enrichment and filtering the value metadata, as well as the indicator column, with Stellar expressions.

{
  "config" : {
    "zk_quorum" : "node1:2181",
    "columns" : {
       "rank" : 0,
       "domain" : 1
    },
    "value_transform" : {
       "domain" : "DOMAIN_REMOVE_TLD(domain)"
    },
    "value_filter" : "LENGTH(domain) > 0",
    "indicator_column" : "domain",
    "indicator_transform" : {
       "indicator" : "DOMAIN_REMOVE_TLD(indicator)"
    },
    "indicator_filter" : "LENGTH(indicator) > 0",
    "type" : "top_domains",
    "separator" : ","
  },
  "extractor" : "CSV"
}

There are 2 property maps that work with full Stellar expressions, and 2 properties that will work with Stellar predicates.

Property	Description
`value_transform`	Transform fields defined in the "columns" mapping with Stellar transformations. New keys introduced in the transform will be added to the key metadata.
`value_filter`	Allows additional filtering with Stellar predicates based on results from the value transformations. In this example, records whose domain property is empty after removing the TLD will be omitted.
`indicator_transform`	Transform the indicator column independent of the value transformations. You can refer to the original indicator value by using "indicator" as the variable name, as shown in the example above. In addition, if you prefer to piggyback your transformations, you can refer to the variable "domain", which will allow your indicator transforms to inherit transformations done to this value during the value transformations.
`indicator_filter`	Allows additional filtering with Stellar predicates based on results from the value transformations. In this example, records whose indicator value is empty after removing the TLD will be omitted.
`state_init`	Allows a state object to be initialized. This is a string, so a single expression is created. The output of this expression will be available as the `state` variable. This is to be used with the `flatfile_summarizer.sh` rather than the loader.
`state_update`	Allows a state object to be updated. This is a map, so you can have temporary variables here. Note that you can reference the `state` variable from this. This is to be used with the `flatfile_summarizer.sh` rather than the loader.
`state_merge`	Allows a list of states to be merged. This is a string, so a single expression. There is a special field called `states` available, which is a list of the states (one per thread). This is to be used with the `flatfile_summarizer.sh` rather than the loader.

top-list.csv

1,google.com
2,youtube.com
...

Running a file import with the above data and extractor configuration would result in the following 2 extracted data records:

Indicator	Type	Value
google	top_domains	{ "rank" : "1", "domain" : "google" }
yahoo	top_domains	{ "rank" : "2", "domain" : "yahoo" }

Similar to the parser framework, providing a Zookeeper quorum via the zk_quorum property will enable Stellar to access properties that reside in the global config. Expanding on our example above, if the global config looks as follows:

{
    "global_property" : "metron-ftw"
}

And we expand our value_tranform:

...
    "value_transform" : {
       "domain" : "DOMAIN_REMOVE_TLD(domain)",
       "a-new-prop" : "global_property"
    },
...

The resulting value data would look like the following:

Indicator	Type	Value
google	top_domains	{ "rank" : "1", "domain" : "google", "a-new-prop" : "metron-ftw" }
yahoo	top_domains	{ "rank" : "2", "domain" : "yahoo", "a-new-prop" : "metron-ftw" }

Enrichment Config

In order to automatically add new enrichment and threat intel types to existing, running enrichment topologies, you will need to add new fields and new types to the zookeeper configuration. A convenience parameter has been made to assist in this when doing an import. Namely, you can specify the enrichment configs and how they associate with the fields of the documents flowing through the enrichment topology.

Consider the following Enrichment Configuration JSON. This one is for a threat intelligence type:

{
  "zkQuorum" : "localhost:2181"
 ,"sensorToFieldList" : {
    "bro" : {
           "type" : "THREAT_INTEL"
          ,"fieldToEnrichmentTypes" : {
             "ip_src_addr" : [ "malicious_ip" ]
            ,"ip_dst_addr" : [ "malicious_ip" ]
                                      }
           }
                        }
}

We have to specify the following:

The zookeeper quorum which holds the cluster configuration
The mapping between the fields in the enriched documents and the enrichment types.

This configuration allows the ingestion tools to update zookeeper post-ingestion so that the enrichment topology can take advantage immediately of the new type.

Loading Utilities

The two configurations above are used in the three separate ingestion tools:

Taxii Loader
Bulk load from HDFS via MapReduce
Flat File ingestion

Taxii Loader

The shell script $METRON_HOME/bin/threatintel_taxii_load.sh can be used to poll a Taxii server for STIX documents and ingest them into HBase.
It is quite common for this Taxii server to be an aggregation server such as Soltra Edge.

In addition to the Enrichment and Extractor configs described above, this loader requires a configuration file describing the connection information to the Taxii server. An illustrative example of such a configuration file is:

{
   "endpoint" : "http://localhost:8282/taxii-discovery-service"
  ,"type" : "DISCOVER"
  ,"collection" : "guest.Abuse_ch"
  ,"table" : "threat_intel"
  ,"columnFamily" : "cf"
  ,"allowedIndicatorTypes" : [ "domainname:FQDN", "address:IPV_4_ADDR" ]
}

As you can see, we are specifying the following information:

endpoint : The URL of the endpoint
type : POLL or DISCOVER depending on the endpoint.
collection : The Taxii collection to ingest
table : The HBase table to import into
columnFamily : The column family to import into
allowedIndicatorTypes : an array of acceptable threat intel types (see the "Enrichment Type Name" column of the Stix table above for the possibilities).

The parameters for the utility are as follows:

Short Code	Long Code	Is Required?	Description
-h		No	Generate the help screen/set of options
-e	--extractor_config	Yes	JSON Document describing the extractor for this input data source
-c	--taxii_connection_config	Yes	The JSON config file to configure the connection
-p	--time_between_polls	No	The time between polling the Taxii server in milliseconds. (default: 1 hour)
-b	--begin_time	No	Start time to poll the Taxii server (all data from that point will be gathered in the first pull). The format for the date is yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
-l	--log4j	No	The Log4j Properties to load
-n	--enrichment_config	No	The JSON document describing the enrichments to configure. Unlike other loaders, this is run first if specified.

Flatfile Loader

The shell script $METRON_HOME/bin/flatfile_loader.sh will read data from local disk, HDFS or URLs and load the enrichment or threat intel data into an HBase table.
Note: This utility works for enrichment as well as threat intel due to the underlying infrastructure being the same.

One special thing to note here is that there is a special configuration parameter to the Extractor config that is only considered during this loader:

inputFormat : This specifies how to consider the data. The two implementations are BY_LINE and WHOLE_FILE.

The default is BY_LINE, which makes sense for a list of CSVs where each line indicates a unit of information which can be imported. However, if you are importing a set of STIX documents, then you want each document to be considered as input to the Extractor.

The parameters for the utility are as follows:

Short Code	Long Code	Is Required?	Description
-h		No	Generate the help screen/set of options
-q	--quiet	No	Do not update progress
-e	--extractor_config	Yes	JSON Document describing the extractor for this input data source
-m	--import_mode	No	The Import mode to use: LOCAL, MR. Default: LOCAL
-t	--hbase_table	Yes	The HBase table to import into
-c	--hbase_cf	Yes	The HBase table column family to import into
-i	--input	Yes	The input data location on local disk. If this is a file, then that file will be loaded. If this is a directory, then the files will be loaded recursively under that directory.
-l	--log4j	No	The log4j properties file to load
-n	--enrichment_config	No	The JSON document describing the enrichments to configure. Unlike other loaders, this is run first if specified.
-p	--threads	No	The number of threads to use when extracting data. The default is the number of cores.
-b	--batchSize	No	The batch size to use for HBase puts

GeoLite2 Loader

The shell script $METRON_HOME/bin/maxmind_enrichment_load.sh will retrieve MaxMind GeoLite2 data and load data into HDFS, and update the configuration. The script will retrieve both the City and ASN databases.

THIS SCRIPT WILL NOT UPDATE AMBARI'S GLOBAL.JSON, JUST THE ZK CONFIGS. CHANGES WILL GO INTO EFFECT, BUT WILL NOT PERSIST PAST AN AMBARI RESTART UNTIL UPDATED THERE.

The parameters for the utility are as follows:

Short Code	Long Code	Is Required?	Description
-h		No	Generate the help screen/set of options
-g	--geo_url	No	GeoIP URL - defaults to http://geolite.maxmind.com/download/geoip/database/GeoLite2-City.tar.gz
-r	--remote_dir	No	HDFS directory to land formatted GeoIP City file - defaults to /apps/metron/geo/<epoch millis>/
-ra	--remote_asn_dir	No	HDFS directory to land formatted GeoIP ASN file - defaults to /apps/metron/asn/<epoch millis>/
-re	--retries	No	Number of GeoLite2 database download retries, after an initial failure.
-t	--tmp_dir	No	Directory for landing the temporary GeoIP data - defaults to /tmp
-z	--zk_quorum	Yes	Zookeeper Quorum URL (zk1:port,zk2:port,...)

Flatfile Summarizer

The shell script $METRON_HOME/bin/flatfile_summarizer.sh will read data from local disk, HDFS or URLs and generate a summary object. The object will be serialized and written to disk, either HDFS or local disk depending on the output mode specified.

It should be noted that this utility uses the same extractor config as the flatfile_loader.sh, but as the output target is not a key value store (but rather a summary object), it is not necessary to specify certain configs:

indicator, indicator_filter and indicator_transform are not required, but will be executed if present. As in the loader, there will be an indicator field available if you so specify it (by using indicator in the config).
type is neither required nor used

Indeed, some new configs are expected:

state_init : Executed once to initialize the state object (the object written out).
state_update: Called once per message. The fields available are the fields for the row as well as
- indicator - the indicator value if you've specified it in the config
- state - the current state. Useful for adding to the state (e.g. BLOOM_ADD(state, val) where val is the name of a field).
state_merge : If you are running this multi-threaded and your objects can be merged, this is the statement that will merge the state objects created per thread. There is a special field available to this config:
- states - a list of the state objects

One special thing to note here is that there is a special configuration parameter to the Extractor config that is only considered during this loader:

inputFormat : This specifies how to consider the data. The two implementations are BY_LINE and WHOLE_FILE.

The default is BY_LINE, which makes sense for a list of CSVs where each line indicates a unit of information which can be imported. However, if you are importing a set of STIX documents, then you want each document to be considered as input to the Extractor.

Example

Consider the possibility that you want to generate a bloom filter with all of the domains in a CSV structured similarly to the Alexa top 1M domains, so the columns are:

rank
domain name

You want to generate a bloom filter with just the domains, not considering the TLD. You would execute the following to:

read data from ./top-1m.csv
write data to ./filter.ser
use 5 threads

$METRON_HOME/bin/flatfile_summarizer.sh -i ./top-1m.csv -o ./filter.ser -e ./extractor.json -p 5 -b 128

To configure this, extractor.json would look like:

{
  "config" : {
    "columns" : {
      "rank" : 0,
      "domain" : 1
    },
    "value_transform" : {
      "domain" : "DOMAIN_REMOVE_TLD(domain)"
    },
    "value_filter" : "LENGTH(domain) > 0",
    "state_init" : "BLOOM_INIT()",
    "state_update" : {
      "state" : "BLOOM_ADD(state, domain)"
    },
    "state_merge" : "BLOOM_MERGE(states)",
    "separator" : ","
  },
  "extractor" : "CSV"
}

Parameters

The parameters for the utility are as follows:

Short Code	Long Code	Is Required?	Description
-h		No	Generate the help screen/set of options
-q	--quiet	No	Do not update progress
-e	--extractor_config	Yes	JSON Document describing the extractor for this input data source
-m	--import_mode	No	The Import mode to use: LOCAL, MR. Default: LOCAL
-om	--output_mode	No	The Output mode to use: LOCAL, HDFS. Default: LOCAL
-i	--input	Yes	The input data location on local disk. If this is a file, then that file will be loaded. If this is a directory, then the files will be loaded recursively under that directory.
-o	--output	Yes	The output data location.
-l	--log4j	No	The log4j properties file to load
-p	--threads	No	The number of threads to use when extracting data. The default is the number of cores.
-b	--batchSize	No	The batch size to use for HBase puts

Pruning Data from Elasticsearch

Note - As of the Metron upgrade from Elasticsearch 2.3.3 to 5.6.2, the included Data Pruner is no longer supported. It is replaced in favor of the Curator utility provided by Elasticsearch. The current Curator version is 5.4 as of this version of Metron and does not match exactly with ES and Kibana.

Elasticsearch provides tooling to prune index data through Curator.

Here is a sample invocation that you can configure through Cron to prune indexes based on timestamp in the index name.

/opt/elasticsearch-curator/curator_cli --host localhost delete_indices --filter_list '
    {
      "filtertype": "age",
      "source": "name",
      "timestring": "%Y.%m.%d",
      "unit": "days",
      "unit_count": 10,
      "direction": "older”
    }'

From the ES documentation:

Using name as the source tells Curator to look for a timestring within the index or snapshot name, and convert that into an epoch timestamp (epoch implies UTC).

You can also provide multiple filters as an array of JSON objects to filter_list if you want finer-grained control over the indexes that will be pruned. There is an implicit logical AND when chaining multiple filters.

--filter_list '[{"filtertype":"age","source":"creation_date","direction":"older","unit":"days","unit_count":13},{"filtertype":"pattern","kind":"prefix","value":"logstash"}]'

Reference

https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/client/curator/5.4/index.html
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/client/curator/5.4/filtertype_age.html
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/client/curator/5.4/singleton-cli.html

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README.md

README.md

Resource Data Management

Table of Contents

Overview

Simple HBase Enrichments/Threat Intelligence

Extractor Framework

CSV Extractor

STIX Extractor

Common Extractor Properties

Enrichment Config

Loading Utilities

Taxii Loader

Flatfile Loader

GeoLite2 Loader

Flatfile Summarizer

Example

Parameters

Pruning Data from Elasticsearch

Reference

Files

README.md

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README.md

File metadata and controls

Resource Data Management

Table of Contents

Overview

Simple HBase Enrichments/Threat Intelligence

Extractor Framework

CSV Extractor

STIX Extractor

Common Extractor Properties

Enrichment Config

Loading Utilities

Taxii Loader

Flatfile Loader

GeoLite2 Loader

Flatfile Summarizer

Example

Parameters

Pruning Data from Elasticsearch

Reference