You could use MightyCore to program a supported MCU (ATmega8535, ATmega16, ATmega32, ATmega164, ATmega324, ATmega644 and ATmega1284) using Arduino IDE or PlatformIO.
To be useful as an Arduino board, you must first burn a bootloader using the Arduino IDE. Use the instructions from the MightyCore GitHub page to burn the bootloader.
Verify the bootloader burn by compiling the blink sketch and uploading it to the board using the USB UART PMOD (or your own compatible serial cable). After uploading LED D8 should blink.
These old MCUs do not have bootloader capability and are not supported by MightyCore. Program these with a AVR programmer connected to the ISP header.
The ATmega163 and ATmega323 are also not supported by MightyCore. These MCUs do contain bootloader capability but are not supported by Optiboot.
At this moment (2023-05) you can program these just like the AT90S8535 using the ISP header.