栈帧.md

栈帧

// Include/cpython/frameobject.h

struct _frame {
    PyObject_VAR_HEAD
    struct _frame *f_back;      /* previous frame, or NULL */
    PyCodeObject *f_code;       /* code segment */
    PyObject *f_builtins;       /* builtin symbol table (PyDictObject) */
    PyObject *f_globals;        /* global symbol table (PyDictObject) */
    PyObject *f_locals;         /* local symbol table (any mapping) */
    PyObject **f_valuestack;    /* points after the last local */
    /* Next free slot in f_valuestack.  Frame creation sets to f_valuestack.
       Frame evaluation usually NULLs it, but a frame that yields sets it
       to the current stack top. */
    PyObject **f_stacktop;
    PyObject *f_trace;          /* Trace function */
    char f_trace_lines;         /* Emit per-line trace events? */
    char f_trace_opcodes;       /* Emit per-opcode trace events? */

    /* Borrowed reference to a generator, or NULL */
    PyObject *f_gen;

    int f_lasti;                /* Last instruction if called */
    /* Call PyFrame_GetLineNumber() instead of reading this field
       directly.  As of 2.3 f_lineno is only valid when tracing is
       active (i.e. when f_trace is set).  At other times we use
       PyCode_Addr2Line to calculate the line from the current
       bytecode index. */
    int f_lineno;               /* Current line number */
    int f_iblock;               /* index in f_blockstack */
    char f_executing;           /* whether the frame is still executing */
    PyTryBlock f_blockstack[CO_MAXBLOCKS]; /* for try and loop blocks */
    PyObject *f_localsplus[1];  /* locals+stack, dynamically sized */
};

初始化:

PyFrameObject* _Py_HOT_FUNCTION
_PyFrame_New_NoTrack(PyThreadState *tstate, PyCodeObject *code,
                     PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals)
{
#ifdef Py_DEBUG
    if (code == NULL || globals == NULL || !PyDict_Check(globals) ||
        (locals != NULL && !PyMapping_Check(locals))) {
        PyErr_BadInternalCall();
        return NULL;
    }
#endif

    PyFrameObject *back = tstate->frame;
    PyObject *builtins = frame_get_builtins(back, globals);
    if (builtins == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    PyFrameObject *f = frame_alloc(code);
    if (f == NULL) {
        Py_DECREF(builtins);
        return NULL;
    }

    f->f_stacktop = f->f_valuestack;
    f->f_builtins = builtins;
    Py_XINCREF(back);
    f->f_back = back;
    Py_INCREF(code);
    Py_INCREF(globals);
    f->f_globals = globals;
    /* Most functions have CO_NEWLOCALS and CO_OPTIMIZED set. */
    if ((code->co_flags & (CO_NEWLOCALS | CO_OPTIMIZED)) ==
        (CO_NEWLOCALS | CO_OPTIMIZED))
        ; /* f_locals = NULL; will be set by PyFrame_FastToLocals() */
    else if (code->co_flags & CO_NEWLOCALS) {
        locals = PyDict_New();
        if (locals == NULL) {
            Py_DECREF(f);
            return NULL;
        }
        f->f_locals = locals;
    }
    else {
        if (locals == NULL)
            locals = globals;
        Py_INCREF(locals);
        f->f_locals = locals;
    }

    f->f_lasti = -1;
    f->f_lineno = code->co_firstlineno;
    f->f_iblock = 0;
    f->f_executing = 0;
    f->f_gen = NULL;
    f->f_trace_opcodes = 0;
    f->f_trace_lines = 1;

    assert(f->f_code != NULL);

    return f;
}

PyFrameObject*
PyFrame_New(PyThreadState *tstate, PyCodeObject *code,
            PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals)
{
    PyFrameObject *f = _PyFrame_New_NoTrack(tstate, code, globals, locals);
    if (f)
        _PyObject_GC_TRACK(f);
    return f;
}

PyFrameObject 的 f_localsplus 数组的布局:

+----------+---------+-------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+
| pos args | kw args | *args | **kwargs | cellvars | freevars |  locals  |          stack      |
+----------+---------+-------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+
^                                                                        ^
|                                                                        |
|                                                                        |
fastlocals                                                           f_valuestack

locals 表示除了其它的局部变量.

cellvars 一般是外层函数使用, 存放着被内层嵌套函数引用的变量

freevars 一般是内层嵌套函数使用, 存放着对外层函数中变量的引用

code->co_nlocals 等于局部变量的数量, 也就是在上面的布局中从开头到 cellvars 开头为止的部分.