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@article{bolger_computer-assisted_2012,
title = {A computer-assisted system for photographic mark–recapture analysis},
volume = {3},
issn = {2041-210X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00212.x},
doi = {10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00212.x},
pages = {813--822},
number = {5},
journaltitle = {Methods in Ecology and Evolution},
author = {Bolger, Douglas T. and Morrison, Thomas A. and Vance, Bennet and Lee, Derek and Farid, Hany},
date = {2012-10},
note = {00035},
keywords = {Giraffa camelopardalis, giraffe, noninvasive methods, photographic mark–recapture, Scale Invariant Feature Transform, survival, Tanzania, Tarangire}
}
@article{silvertown_new_2009,
title = {A new dawn for citizen science},
volume = {24},
url = {http://oro.open.ac.uk/24498/},
abstract = {A citizen scientist is a volunteer who collects and/or processes data as part of a scientific enquiry. Projects that involve citizen scientists are burgeoning, particularly in ecology and the environmental sciences, although the roots of citizen science go back to the very beginnings of modern science itself.},
pages = {467--471},
number = {9},
journaltitle = {Trends in Ecology \& Evolution},
author = {Silvertown, Jonathan},
date = {2009-09},
note = {00000}
}
@article{mukinya_identification_1976,
title = {An identification method for black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis Linn. 1758)},
volume = {14},
issn = {1365-2028},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1976.tb00246.x},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2028.1976.tb00246.x},
pages = {335--338},
number = {4},
journaltitle = {African Journal of Ecology},
author = {Mukinya, John G.},
date = {1976-12},
note = {00000}
}
@article{jachmann_comparison_2002,
title = {Comparison of aerial counts with ground counts for large African herbivores},
volume = {39},
issn = {1365-2664},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00752.x},
doi = {10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00752.x},
pages = {841--852},
number = {5},
journaltitle = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
author = {Jachmann, H.},
date = {2002-10},
note = {00103},
keywords = {aerial, Africa, bias, counts, line transect, population density, sampling, wildlife}
}
@article{melville_aerial_2008,
title = {Aerial surveys of multiple species: critical assumptions and sources of bias in distance and mark–recapture estimators},
volume = {35},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WR07080},
abstract = {Recent developments in the application of line-transect models to aerial surveys have used double-observer sampling to account for undercounting on the transect line, a crucial step in obtaining correct population estimates. This method is commonly called the mark–recapture line-transect sampling method and estimates the detection probability at zero distance to correct line-transect estimates of abundance. An alternative approach, which uses the same methodology during data collection, is to use a range of covariates, including distance from the transect, in a mark–recapture model. This approach overcomes the implicit assumption of uniform distribution of distances in line-transect estimators. In this paper, we use three alternative approaches (a multiple-covariates distance method, a distance method incorporating adjustment for incomplete detection on the transect line using mark–recapture sampling, and a mark–recapture method with distance as a covariate) to estimate the abundance of several medium-sized mammals in semiarid ecosystems. Densities determined with the three estimators varied considerably within species and sites. In some cases distance estimates were larger than mark–recapture estimates and vice versa. Despite large numbers of observations, distance uniformity was not observed for any species at any site, nor for any species where sites were combined. Possible reasons, which include sampling variability, movement in response to the aircraft and failure of the mark–recapture independence assumption, are discussed in detail.},
pages = {310--348},
number = {4},
journaltitle = {Wildlife Research},
author = {Melville, G.J. and Tracey, J.P. and Fleming, P.J.S. and Lukins, B.S.},
date = {2008-06},
note = {00010}
}
@article{andersen_population_2015,
title = {A population viability analysis on the declining population of Little Owl (Athene noctua) in Denmark using the stochastic simulation program {VORTEX}},
volume = {92},
url = {http://www.ornisfennica.org/pdf/latest/153Andersen.pdf},
pages = {123--143},
number = {3},
journaltitle = {Ornis Fennica},
author = {Andersen, Line H. and Sunde, Peter and Loeschcke, Volker and Pertoldi, Cino},
urldate = {2015-10-23},
date = {2015-07},
note = {00000},
file = {[PDF] from ornisfennica.org:/Users/bluemellophone/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/s3agt73i.default/zotero/storage/GETMMAI9/Andersen et al. - 2015 - A population viability analysis on the declining p.pdf:application/pdf}
}
@article{tsitsiklis_distributed_1986,
title = {Distributed asynchronous deterministic and stochastic gradient optimization algorithms},
volume = {31},
issn = {0018-9286},
doi = {10.1109/TAC.1986.1104412},
abstract = {We present a model for asynchronous distributed computation and then proceed to analyze the convergence of natural asynchronous distributed versions of a large class of deterministic and stochastic gradient-like algorithms. We show that such algorithms retain the desirable convergence properties of their centralized counterparts, provided that the time between consecutive interprocessor communications and the communication delays are not too large.},
pages = {803--812},
number = {9},
journaltitle = {{IEEE} Transactions on Automatic Control},
author = {Tsitsiklis, J.N. and Bertsekas, D.P. and Athans, M.},
date = {1986-09},
note = {00998},
keywords = {Algorithm design and analysis, Computational modeling, Convergence, Cost function, Delay effects, Distributed algorithms, Distributed computing, gradient methods, Iterative algorithms, Stochastic processes, Timing},
file = {IEEE Xplore Abstract Record:/Users/bluemellophone/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/s3agt73i.default/zotero/storage/JV5SI27Q/login.html:text/html}
}
@article{sikes_guidelines_2011,
title = {Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the use of wild mammals in research},
volume = {92},
pages = {235--253},
number = {1},
journaltitle = {Journal of Mammalogy},
author = {Sikes, Robert S. and Gannon, William L.},
date = {2011-02},
note = {01020}
}
@article{gardner_learning_1984,
title = {Learning characteristics of stochastic-gradient-descent algorithms: A general study, analysis, and critique},
volume = {6},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0165168484900136},
shorttitle = {Learning characteristics of stochastic-gradient-descent algorithms},
pages = {113--133},
number = {2},
journaltitle = {Signal Processing},
author = {Gardner, William A.},
urldate = {2015-10-30},
date = {1984-04},
note = {00163},
file = {Snapshot:/Users/bluemellophone/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/s3agt73i.default/zotero/storage/K6VT2XKF/0165168484900136.html:text/html}
}
@article{thouless_long_1995,
title = {Long distance movements of elephants in northern Kenya},
volume = {33},
issn = {1365-2028},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1995.tb01042.x},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2028.1995.tb01042.x},
pages = {321--334},
number = {4},
journaltitle = {African Journal of Ecology},
author = {Thouless, C. R.},
date = {1995-12},
note = {00000},
keywords = {African elephant, Kenya, movements, radiotelemetry}
}
@article{becker_mother-infant_1990,
title = {Mother-infant behaviour of wild Grevy's zebra: adaptations for survival in semidesert East Africa},
volume = {40},
issn = {0003-3472},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347205801770},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80177-0},
abstract = {Mother-infant interactions and patterns of foal behaviour in the Grevy's zebra, Equus grevyi, differe from those reported for other equids. Grevy's zebra foals exhibit longer intervals between suckling bouts, do not drink water until they are 3 months old, and reach independence from the mare sooner than other equids. Furthermore, Grevy's zebra foals advance their acquisition of adult feeding behaviour. A 6-week-old Grevy's zebra foal spends as much time feeding as a 5-month-old wild horse foal. From the time their foals are born until the foals reach an age of 3 months, females form small groups (three females and their foals). These groups are never found further than 2·0 km from surface water and are usually associated with a territorial male. Unlike other equids, the foals of which always follow their mares, when female Grevy's zebra go to drink, they leave their foals in ‘kindergartens’, which are guarded by a single adult animal, usually a territorial male. It is proposed that many of these differences in behaviour and rates of juvenile development are the result of adaptation to an arid environment. Water requirements during early lactation appear to influence strongly the social behaviour of the Grevy's zebra and should also be a strong influence on the mother-infant behaviour of other arid-living ungulates.},
pages = {1111 -- 1118},
number = {6},
journaltitle = {Animal Behaviour},
author = {Becker, C. Dustin and Ginsberg, Joshua R.},
date = {1990-12},
note = {00045}
}
@article{jolly_problem_1983,
title = {The problem of unequal catchability in mark–recapture estimation of small mammal populations},
volume = {61},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z83-121},
doi = {10.1139/z83-121},
pages = {922--927},
number = {4},
journaltitle = {Canadian Journal of Zoology},
author = {Jolly, G. M. and Dickson, J. M.},
date = {1983-04},
note = {00111}
}
@book{jolliffe_principal_2002,
location = {New York, {NY}},
edition = {2},
title = {Principal Component Analysis},
isbn = {978-0-387-95442-4},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/b98835},
series = {Springer Series in Statistics},
pagetotal = {488},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
author = {Jolliffe, Ian},
urldate = {2015-10-30},
date = {2002},
langid = {english},
note = {23274}
}
@book{irwin_citizen_1995,
location = {New York, {NY}},
title = {Citizen Science: A Study of People, Expertise and Sustainable Development},
url = {https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=MFiuIsC5hAUC&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&ots=1uwi-3pda2&sig=iMDXDXZsPONgde_NeFoIHtbefj4},
series = {Environment and Society},
shorttitle = {Citizen science},
publisher = {Routledge},
author = {Irwin, Alan},
editor = {Yearley, Steven},
urldate = {2015-10-30},
date = {1995-12},
note = {00000},
file = {Snapshot:/Users/bluemellophone/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/s3agt73i.default/zotero/storage/KTV9TCBA/books.html:text/html}
}
@book{seber_estimation_1982,
location = {Caldwell, {NJ}},
title = {The Estimation of Animal Abundance and Related Parameters},
isbn = {1-930665-55-5},
publisher = {Blackburn},
author = {Seber, G.A.F.},
date = {1982},
note = {00014},
keywords = {animals, biometrie, biometry, dieren, mortaliteit, mortality, populatiedichtheid, populatie-ecologie, populatiegroei, population density, population ecology, population growth, probability analysis, statistical analysis, statistics, statistiek, statistische analyse, waarschijnlijkheidsanalyse}
}
@article{rumelhart_learning_1986,
title = {Learning representations by back-propagating errors},
volume = {323},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/323533a0},
doi = {10.1038/323533a0},
pages = {533--536},
number = {6088},
journaltitle = {Nature},
author = {Rumelhart, David E. and Hinton, Geoffrey E. and Williams, Ronald J.},
date = {1986-10},
note = {09377}
}
@article{petersen_yearly_1896,
title = {The yearly immigration of young plaice into the Limfjord from the German Sea},
volume = {6},
pages = {1--48},
number = {1},
journaltitle = {Report of the Danish Biological Station},
author = {Petersen, Carl Georg Johannes},
date = {1896-01},
note = {00000}
}
@article{riesenhuber_models_2000,
title = {Models of object recognition},
volume = {3},
issn = {10976256},
url = {http://libproxy.rpi.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=8830065&site=eds-live&scope=site},
abstract = {Understanding how biological visual systems recognize objects is one of the ultimate goals in computational neuroscience. From the computational viewpoint of learning, different recognition tasks, such as categorization and identification, are similar, representing different trade-offs between specificity and invariance. Thus, the different tasks do not require different classes of models. We briefly review some recent trends in computational vision and then focus on feedforward, view-based models that are supported by psychophysical and physiological data.},
pages = {1199--1204},
number = {11},
journaltitle = {Nature Neuroscience},
author = {Riesenhuber, Maximilian and Poggio, Tomaso},
urldate = {2015-11-02},
date = {2000-11},
note = {02236},
keywords = {{COMPUTATIONAL} neuroscience, {FEEDFORWARD} control systems},
file = {EBSCO Full Text:/Users/bluemellophone/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/s3agt73i.default/zotero/storage/A53TVHEF/Riesenhuber and Poggio - 2000 - Models of object recognition.pdf:application/pdf}
}
@article{coulson_use_2001,
title = {The use and abuse of population viability analysis},
volume = {16},
pages = {219--221},
number = {5},
journaltitle = {Trends in Ecology \& Evolution},
author = {Coulson, Tim and Mace, Georgina M and Hudson, Elodie and Possingham, Hugh},
date = {2001-05},
note = {00348}
}
@article{alexander_african_1994,
title = {African wild dogs (lycaon pictus) endangered by a canine distemper epizootic among domestic dogs near the Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya},
volume = {30},
issn = {0090-3558},
url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.7589/0090-3558-30.4.481},
doi = {10.7589/0090-3558-30.4.481},
abstract = {A longitudinal study of canine distemper ({CD}) among domestic dogs on Maasai communal land to the north of the Masai Mara National Reserve in Kenya was conducted from 1989 to 1991. Prevalence of antibodies to {CD} was very low among domestic dogs in 1989 and 1990 (4\%, n = 49; and 1\%, n = 119, respectively) and no African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus; n = 16) collected simultaneously from the same area had detectable antibodies. Among 51 domestic dogs sampled in 1991, however, prevalence of {CD} antibodies rose significantly (P {\textless} 0.01) to 76\%. Disease-related mortality rates among domestic dogs were estimated from 1990 to 1992; they rose significantly (P {\textless} 0.01) from 21\% in 1990 to 50\% in 1991 and then decreased significantly (P {\textless} 0.01) to 38\% in 1992. The 1992 mortality rate remained significantly (P {\textless} 0.01) higher than that of 1990. Signs observed in clinically ill domestic dogs were consistent with {CD} and included listlessness, decreased appetite, bilateral serous to mucopurulent oculonasal discharge, and diarrhea. No carcasses could be retrieved for virus isolation and postmortem examination. Concurrent with this {CD} epizootic in domestic dogs, the known African wild dog packs in this region disappeared.},
pages = {481--485},
number = {4},
journaltitle = {Journal of Wildlife Diseases},
author = {Alexander, Kathleen A. and Appel, Max J. G.},
urldate = {2015-10-30},
date = {1994-10},
note = {00000},
file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/bluemellophone/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/s3agt73i.default/zotero/storage/3E9B367N/Alexander and Appel - 1994 - African wild dogs (lycaon pictus) endangered by a .pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:/Users/bluemellophone/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/s3agt73i.default/zotero/storage/8H2BWIAV/0090-3558-30.4.html:text/html}
}
@article{boyce_population_1992,
title = {Population viability analysis},
volume = {23},
issn = {00664162},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2097297},
pages = {481--506},
number = {1},
journaltitle = {Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics},
author = {Boyce, Mark S.},
date = {1992-11},
note = {01119}
}
@article{zero_monitoring_2013,
title = {Monitoring an endangered savannah ungulate, Grevy's zebra Equus grevyi: choosing a method for estimating population densities},
volume = {47},
issn = {1365-3008},
url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S0030605312000324},
doi = {10.1017/S0030605312000324},
pages = {410--419},
number = {3},
journaltitle = {Oryx},
author = {Zero, Victoria H. and Sundaresan, Siva R. and O'Brien, Timothy G. and Kinnaird, Margaret F.},
date = {2013-07},
note = {00006}
}
@article{van_der_walt_numpy_2011,
title = {The {NumPy} array: A structure for efficient numerical computation},
volume = {13},
issn = {1521-9615},
doi = {10.1109/MCSE.2011.37},
shorttitle = {The {NumPy} Array},
abstract = {In the Python world, {NumPy} arrays are the standard representation for numerical data and enable efficient implementation of numerical computations in a high-level language. As this effort shows, {NumPy} performance can be improved through three techniques: vectorizing calculations, avoiding copying data in memory, and minimizing operation counts.},
pages = {22--30},
number = {2},
journaltitle = {Computing in Science Engineering},
author = {van der Walt, S. and Colbert, S.C. and Varoquaux, G.},
date = {2011-03},
note = {00308},
keywords = {Arrays, Computational efficiency, data structures, Finite element methods, high level language, high level languages, mathematics computing, numerical analysis, numerical computation, numerical computations, numerical data, {NumPy}, numpy array, Performance evaluation, programming libraries, Python, Python programming language, Resource management, scientific programming, vector quantization},
file = {IEEE Xplore Abstract Record:/Users/bluemellophone/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/s3agt73i.default/zotero/storage/X7EU34FC/login.html:text/html}
}
@article{sinclair_density_1996,
title = {Density dependence, stochasticity, compensation and predator regulation},
volume = {75},
issn = {00301299, 16000706},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3546240},
doi = {10.2307/3546240},
abstract = {This paper presents conceptual models of how density dependence and regulation operates in populations. Limitation is a process which sets the potential equilibrium level, and is caused by all forms of mortality or reproductive loss. Random variations in these mortalities will cause the population to fluctuate about the equilibrium. Regulation is the tendency of the population to return, through density dependent factors, to the equilibrium level when disturbed from it. The strength of density dependence determines whether a stable equilibrium, limit cycle or chaotic behaviour occurs. A population rarely, if ever, remains at its equilibrium because of disturbances. Because the amplitude of population fluctuations is determined by both the strength of density dependence and the size of the density independent mortalities, knowledge of both are required to understand population dynamics. Compensation is the ability of a mortality factor to counteract the effects of another one and requires a change in strength of the density dependence. Exact compensation rarely, if ever, occurs. Predators can act in a density dependent way to hold prey numbers at low levels. They can also act in an inverse density dependent (depensatory) way, which at high prey densities limits but not regulates the prey, but at low densities may cause the extinction of prey. Predation can produce special cases of multiple stable states and stable limit cycles. We discuss some of the criticisms of density dependence.},
pages = {164--173},
number = {2},
journaltitle = {Oikos},
author = {Sinclair, A. R. E. and Pech, R. P.},
date = {1996-03},
note = {00186}
}
@article{robson_sample_1964,
title = {Sample size in petersen mark–recapture experiments},
volume = {93},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1964)93[215:SSIPME]2.0.CO;2},
doi = {10.1577/1548-8659(1964)93[215:SSIPME]2.0.CO;2},
pages = {215--226},
number = {3},
journaltitle = {Transactions of the American Fisheries Society},
author = {Robson, D. S. and Regier, H. A.},
date = {1964-07},
note = {00357}
}
@article{pradel_utilization_1996,
title = {Utilization of capture-mark-recapture for the study of recruitment and population growth rate},
volume = {52},
issn = {0006341X, 15410420},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2532908},
abstract = {Capture-mark-recapture data has been extensively used for the study of survival. However, recruitment and population growth rate can be investigated as well. The study of recruitment is shown to be equivalent to the study of survival in reverse and can be carried out by inverting capture histories. The natural parameter in this approach-here called seniority probability-is, at each occasion, the probability of being previously in the population. An overall likelihood is then presented that describes the gains and losses to the population by means of survival and seniority probabilities. This likelihood can be easily modified for the direct study of population growth rates between occasions.},
pages = {703--709},
number = {2},
journaltitle = {Biometrics},
author = {Pradel, R.},
date = {1996-06},
note = {00568}
}
@article{pacala_population_1985,
title = {Population experiments with the Anolis lizards of St. Maarten and St. Eustatius},
volume = {66},
issn = {00129658},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1941313},
abstract = {During 1980 and 1981 population experiments were performed with two two-species guilds of Anolis lizards: A. gingivinus and A. wattsi pogus on the island of St. Maarten (Netherlands Antilles) and A. bimaculatus and A. wattsi schwartzi on the island of St. Eustatius (Netherlands Antilles). These experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that the strength of interspecific competition is inversely related to the degree of interspecific resource partitioning. The experimental design consisted of four field-enclosures (12 x 12 m) on St. Maarten and four on St. Eustatius. On each island two enclosures contained only the larger native species (A. gingivinus or A. bimaculatus), and two contained both native species. Resource partitioning was measured inside each of the two-species enclosures. There was more interspecific partitioning of space and prey (arthropods) on St. Eustatius than on St. Maarten. A comparison of the one- and two-species enclosures on St. Maarten revealed five competitive effects of A. wattsi pogus on A. gingivinus. In the presence of A. wattsi pogus, A. gingivinus individuals had lower growth rates and increased perch heights. Also, dissected A. gingivinus from the two-species enclosures contained smaller volumes of developing eggs per female, smaller volumes of insect prey per lizard, and smaller mean prey sizes than A. gingivinus from the single-species enclosures. In contrast, no consistent and significant competitive effects of A. wattsi schwartzi on A. bimaculatus were observed on St. Eustatius. These results support a central assumption of competition theory: the strength of interspecific competition increases as the amount of interspecific resource partitioning decreases.},
pages = {129--141},
number = {1},
journaltitle = {Ecology},
author = {Pacala, Stephen W. and Roughgarden, Jonathan},
date = {1985-02},
note = {00102}
}
@article{nickolls_scalable_2008,
title = {Scalable parallel programming with {CUDA}},
volume = {6},
issn = {1542-7730},
url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1365490.1365500},
doi = {10.1145/1365490.1365500},
pages = {40--53},
number = {2},
journaltitle = {Queue},
author = {Nickolls, John and Buck, Ian and Garland, Michael and Skadron, Kevin},
date = {2008-03},
note = {01240}
}
@article{lowe_distinctive_2004,
title = {Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints},
volume = {60},
issn = {0920-5691},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:VISI.0000029664.99615.94},
doi = {10.1023/B:VISI.0000029664.99615.94},
pages = {91--110},
number = {2},
journaltitle = {International Journal of Computer Vision},
author = {Lowe, David G.},
date = {2004-11},
note = {00000},
keywords = {image matching, invariant features, object recognition, scale invariance}
}
@article{keesing_impacts_1998,
title = {Impacts of ungulates on the demography and diversity of small mammals in central Kenya},
volume = {116},
issn = {00298549, 14321939},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/4222098},
abstract = {The impacts of ungulates on small mammals in an East African savanna habitat were investigated by monitoring the population and community responses of small mammals on replicated 4-ha plots from which ungulates had been excluded. The dominant small mammal in this habitat is the pouched mouse, Saccostomus mearnsi, a medium-sized murid rodent. Eight other small mammal species, including Arvicanthis sp., Mus sp., Mastomys sp., Dendromus sp., Crocidura sp., and, rarely, Tatera sp., Aethomys sp., and Acomys sp., were also captured. The dominant ungulates are elephant (Loxodonta africana), giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis), Grevy's and common zebra (Equus grevyi and E. burchelli), buffalo (Syncerus cafer), eland (Taurotragus oryx), Grant's gazelle (Gazella granti), and domestic cattle. Within 1 year, S. mearnsi populations had responded dramatically to the exclusion of large mammals by a two-fold increase in density, a difference that was maintained through pronounced seasonal fluctuations in the second year. Though individual pouched mice showed no significant differences in their use of space with and without ungulates, male S. mearnsi maintained significantly higher body weights in the absence of ungulates, indicating that habitat quality had increased. One other species, Mastomys sp., also increased in the absence of ungulates. Overall, the small mammal community maintained relatively constant species diversity on the plots to which ungulates did not have access. On the plots to which ungulates did have access, on the other hand, there was a rapid 75\% decrease in diversity in the control plots during one trapping session. Ungulates are most likely affecting small mammals through their effects on food quality, since there were no detectable differences in their exposure to predators, as determined by vegetative cover, in the absence of ungulates. These results demonstrate that ungulates can have strong and rapid impacts on small mammal abundance and diversity in East African savannas, an interaction which has not previously been given serious consideration.},
pages = {381--389},
number = {3},
journaltitle = {Oecologia},
author = {Keesing, Felicia},
date = {1998-09},
note = {00000}
}
@article{hinton_fast_2006,
title = {A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets},
volume = {18},
issn = {0899-7667},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2006.18.7.1527},
doi = {10.1162/neco.2006.18.7.1527},
pages = {1527--1554},
number = {7},
journaltitle = {Neural Computation},
author = {Hinton, Geoffrey E. and Osindero, Simon and Teh, Yee-Whye},
date = {2006-07},
note = {00000}
}
@article{graham_investigating_1989,
title = {Investigating observer bias in aerial survey by simultaneous double-counts},
volume = {53},
issn = {0022541X, 19372817},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3809603},
abstract = {We adjusted aerial counts of feral horses (Equus caballus) and donkeys (E. asinus) in the Northern Territory of Australia for observer bias in the visible population by an adaptation of the Petersen estimate (Seber 1982:59) based on visual captures. We developed a method of simultaneous double-counts using tandem observers counting groups of animals in the same transect. Observers overlooked 12.8-43.8\% of the groups of visible animals in their field of view. The mean probability of seeing a solitary animal was 0.66 and 0.91 for a group of 8. Observed group size increased with height, interpreted as a declining probability of seeing small groups with increasing height. The chances of seeing a group appear to be influenced more by the number of its members than member size. We compared the method with the logically equivalent model of Cook and Jacobson (1979). Both are simple to apply with potential for investigating the causes of observer bias or as practical alternatives to conventional aerial survey methods.},
pages = {1009--1016},
number = {4},
journaltitle = {The Journal of Wildlife Management},
author = {Graham, Alistair and Bell, Richard},
date = {1989-10},
note = {00096}
}
@article{funahashi_approximate_1989,
title = {On the approximate realization of continuous mappings by neural networks},
volume = {2},
issn = {0893-6080},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0893-6080(89)90003-8},
doi = {10.1016/0893-6080(89)90003-8},
pages = {183--192},
number = {3},
journaltitle = {Neural Networks},
author = {Funahashi, K.},
date = {1989-05},
note = {00000}
}
@article{cohn_citizen_2008,
title = {Citizen science: Can volunteers do real research?},
volume = {58},
issn = {0006-3568},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/B580303},
doi = {10.1641/B580303},
abstract = {Collaborations between scientists and volunteers have the potential to broaden the scope of research and enhance the ability to collect scientific data. Interested members of the public may contribute valuable information as they learn about wildlife in their local communities.},
pages = {192--197},
number = {3},
journaltitle = {{BioScience}},
author = {Cohn, Jeffrey P.},
urldate = {2015-10-30},
date = {2008-03},
note = {00000}
}
@article{caughley_sampling_1977,
title = {Sampling in aerial survey},
volume = {41},
issn = {0022541X, 19372817},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3799980},
abstract = {Sampling procedures appropriate to aerial survey were compared firstly in terms of the statistical efficiency and secondly according to their operational practicality. Sampling without replacement is more precise than sampling with replacement, but it requires a standard of navigation often impossible to achieve in practice. Systematic sampling can lead to biased standard errors but that must be weighed against its practical advantages when animal distributions are mapped. Fragmented cluster sampling returns unbiased estimates but autocorrelation between units within clusters (transects) biases the standard errors. Except in special circumstances, transect sampling is more efficient than quadrat sampling.},
pages = {605--615},
number = {4},
journaltitle = {The Journal of Wildlife Management},
author = {Caughley, Graeme},
date = {1977-10},
note = {00153}
}
@article{buckland_quantifying_1991,
title = {Quantifying Precision of mark-recapture estimates using the bootstrap and related methods},
volume = {47},
issn = {0006341X, 15410420},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2532510},
abstract = {Bootstrap techniques yield variance estimates under any model for which parameter estimates can be calculated, and are useful in cases where analytic variances are not available in closed form, or are available only if more restrictive assumptions are made. Here the application of bootstrap techniques to mark-recapture models is discussed. The approach also allows generation of robust confidence intervals, which extend beyond the permissible parameter range only if the mark-recapture model itself allows out-of-range parameter estimates. If an animal population is assumed to be closed (i.e., no death, birth, or migration), two further methods of obtaining confidence limits for population size are suggested. The first is based on a Robbins-Monro search for each limit, and the second applies the concept of a randomisation or permutation test. In the absence of nuisance parameters, both methods are exact apart from Monte Carlo variation and the limitations imposed by a discrete distribution. For the second, if all possible permutations are enumerated, Monte Carlo variation is eliminated.},
pages = {255--268},
number = {1},
journaltitle = {Biometrics},
author = {Buckland, Stephen T. and Garthwaite, Paul H.},
date = {1991-03},
note = {00179}
}
@book{krebs_ecological_1999,
location = {Menlo Park, {CA}},
edition = {2},
title = {Ecological Methodology},
isbn = {978-0-321-02173-1},
abstract = {This text aims to translate the methods of statisticians into ecological English, so that students may readily apply these methods to the real world. The book offers a balance of material on animal and plant populations and teaches students of ecology how to design the most efficient tests in order to obtain maximum precision with minimal work. Rather than emphasizing the derivation of mathematical formulae, the text emphasizes the use of statistics, and focuses on how to measure ecological parameters such as population size and species diversity. Students learn effective ways to set up field experiments and observations and the different methods that work best for different situations.},
pagetotal = {620},
publisher = {Benjamin/Cummings},
author = {Krebs, Charles J.},
date = {1999},
langid = {english},
note = {11897},
keywords = {Science / Life Sciences / Biology, Science / Life Sciences / Ecology, Science / Research \& Methodology}
}
@article{nesterov_method_1983,
title = {A method of solving a convex programming problem with convergence rate O (1/k2)},
volume = {27},
url = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=9343343034975135646&hl=en&oi=scholarr},
pages = {372--376},
number = {2},
journaltitle = {Soviet Mathematics Doklady},
author = {Nesterov, Yurii},
urldate = {2015-10-30},
date = {1983-02},
note = {00734},
file = {Snapshot:/Users/bluemellophone/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/s3agt73i.default/zotero/storage/ANDTCM26/scholar.html:text/html}
}
@article{plackett_karl_1983,
title = {Karl Pearson and the chi-squared test},
volume = {51},
issn = {03067734, 17515823},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1402731},
abstract = {Pearson's paper of 1900 introduced what subsequently became known as the chi-squared test of goodness of fit. The terminology and allusions of 80 years ago create a barrier for the modern reader, who finds that the interpretation of Pearson's test procedure and the assessment of what he achieved are less than straightforward, notwithstanding the technical advances made since then. An attempt is made here to surmount these difficulties by exploring Pearson's relevant activities during the first decade of his statistical career, and by describing the work by his contemporaries and predecessors which seem to have influenced his approach to the problem. Not all the questions are answered, and others remain for further study. /// La communication de Pearson en 1900 présentait ce que ultérieurement est devenu l'épreuve de Chi-carré d'excellence d'ajustement. La terminologie et les allusions d'il y a quatre-vingt ans créent une barrière pour le lecteur moderne, qui trouve que l'interpretation du procédure de l'épreuve de Pearson et la détermination de ce qu'il a achevé ne sont pas très nettes en dépit des avances techniques qui ont été faites depuis lors. Ici j'ai fait un effort de surmonter ces difficultés par les moyens de l'exploration des activités pertinantes de Pearson pendant la premiere décade de sa carrière en statistiques, et de la description du travail de ses contemporains et prédécesseurs qui semble avoir eu une influence sur son approche au problème. Je n'ai pas eu une réponse à toutes les questions, et il y en a d'autres qui resteront pour une étude ultérieure.},
pages = {59--72},
number = {1},
journaltitle = {International Statistical Review},
author = {Plackett, R. L.},
date = {1983-04},
note = {00320}
}
@article{rao_analysis_1981,
title = {The analysis of categorical data from complex sample surveys: Chi-squared tests for goodness of fit and independence in two-way tables},
volume = {76},
issn = {01621459},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2287815},
abstract = {The effect of stratification and clustering on the asymptotic distributions of standard Pearson chi-squared test statistics for goodness of fit (simple hypothesis) and independence in a two-way contingency table, denoted as X$^{\textrm{2}}$ and X$^{\textrm{2}}$$_{\textrm{1}}$, respectively, is investigated. It is shown that both X$^{\textrm{2}}$ and X$^{\textrm{2}}$$_{\textrm{1}}$ are asymptotically distributed as weighted sums of independent χ$_{\textrm{1}}$$^{\textrm{2}}$ random variables. The weights are then related to the familiar design effects (deffs) used by survey samplers. A simple correction to X$^{\textrm{2}}$, which requires only the knowledge of variance estimates (or deffs) for individual cells in the goodness-of-fit problem, is proposed and empirical results on the performance of corrected X$^{\textrm{2}}$ provided. Empirical work on X$^{\textrm{2}}$$_{\textrm{1}}$ indicated that the distortion of nominal significance level is substantially smaller with X$^{\textrm{2}}$$_{\textrm{1}}$ than with X$^{\textrm{2}}$. Some results under simple models for clustering are also given.},
pages = {221--230},
number = {374},
journaltitle = {Journal of the American Statistical Association},
author = {Rao, Jon N. K. and Scott, Alastair J.},
date = {1981-06},
note = {00664}
}
@article{van_der_maaten_visualizing_2008,
title = {Visualizing data using t-{SNE}},
volume = {9},
url = {http://siplab.tudelft.nl/sites/default/files/vandermaaten08a.pdf},
pages = {2579--2605},
number = {11},
journaltitle = {Journal of Machine Learning Research},
author = {van der Maaten, Laurens and Hinton, Geoffrey},
date = {2008-11},
note = {00996}
}
@article{white_program_1999,
title = {Program {MARK}: survival estimation from populations of marked animals},
volume = {46},
issn = {0006-3657, 1944-6705},
doi = {10.1080/00063659909477239},
pages = {120--139},
issue = {S1},
journaltitle = {Bird Study},
author = {White, Gary C and Burnham, Kenneth P},
date = {1999-01},
note = {05070}
}
@article{hinton_improving_2012,
title = {Improving neural networks by preventing co-adaptation of feature detectors},
volume = {abs/1207.0580},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.0580},
pages = {1--18},
journaltitle = {{CoRR}},
author = {Hinton, Geoffrey E. and Srivastava, Nitish and Krizhevsky, Alex and Sutskever, Ilya and Salakhutdinov, Ruslan},
date = {2012-07},
note = {00827}
}
@article{hiby_computer_1990,
title = {Computer aided matching of natural markings: a prototype system for grey seals},
volume = {1},
url = {http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/253951.pdf#page=65},
shorttitle = {Computer aided matching of natural markings},
pages = {3--17},
issue = {S12},
journaltitle = {Reports of the International Whaling Commission},
author = {Hiby, Lex and Lovell, Phil},
urldate = {2015-10-30},
date = {1990-05},
note = {00000},
file = {[PDF] from vliz.be:/Users/bluemellophone/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/s3agt73i.default/zotero/storage/EKGDKDIQ/Hiby and Lovell - 1990 - Computer aided matching of natural markings a pro.pdf:application/pdf}
}
@article{saxe_exact_2013,
title = {Exact solutions to the nonlinear dynamics of learning in deep linear neural networks},
volume = {abs/1312.6120},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1312.6120},
abstract = {Despite the widespread practical success of deep learning methods, our theoretical understanding of the dynamics of learning in deep neural networks remains quite sparse. We attempt to bridge the gap between the theory and practice of deep learning by systematically analyzing learning dynamics for the restricted case of deep linear neural networks. Despite the linearity of their input-output map, such networks have nonlinear gradient descent dynamics on weights that change with the addition of each new hidden layer. We show that deep linear networks exhibit nonlinear learning phenomena similar to those seen in simulations of nonlinear networks, including long plateaus followed by rapid transitions to lower error solutions, and faster convergence from greedy unsupervised pretraining initial conditions than from random initial conditions. We provide an analytical description of these phenomena by finding new exact solutions to the nonlinear dynamics of deep learning. Our theoretical analysis also reveals the surprising finding that as the depth of a network approaches infinity, learning speed can nevertheless remain finite: for a special class of initial conditions on the weights, very deep networks incur only a finite, depth independent, delay in learning speed relative to shallow networks. We show that, under certain conditions on the training data, unsupervised pretraining can find this special class of initial conditions, while scaled random Gaussian initializations cannot. We further exhibit a new class of random orthogonal initial conditions on weights that, like unsupervised pre-training, enjoys depth independent learning times. We further show that these initial conditions also lead to faithful propagation of gradients even in deep nonlinear networks, as long as they operate in a special regime known as the edge of chaos.},
pages = {1--22},
journaltitle = {{CoRR}},
author = {Saxe, Andrew M. and {McClelland}, James L. and Ganguli, Surya},
date = {2013-12},
note = {00035}
}
@article{simonyan_very_2014,
title = {Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition},
volume = {abs/1409.1556},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1409.1556},
pages = {1--14},
journaltitle = {{CoRR}},
author = {Simonyan, Karen and Zisserman, Andrew},
date = {2014-09},
note = {00376}
}
@article{springenberg_striving_2014,
title = {Striving for simplicity: The all convolutional net},
volume = {abs/1412.6806},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1412.6806},
pages = {1--14},
journaltitle = {{CoRR}},
author = {Springenberg, Jost Tobias and Dosovitskiy, Alexey and Brox, Thomas and Riedmiller, Martin A.},
date = {2014-12},
note = {00009}
}
@incollection{macedo_ecology_2010,
location = {Burlington, {MA}},
edition = {7},
title = {Ecology, Social Behavior, and Conservation in Zebras},
volume = {42},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065345410420070},
series = {Advances in the Study of Behavior},
abstract = {Abstract Most of African's wildlife lives on landscapes inhabited by people. Nowhere is this more evident than on grasslands and savannas of arid areas where conflict between wildlife and livestock has always been common. In the past, economic development on these landscapes has eclipsed conservation, but in today's Africa, where pastoral herders and small-scale landholders seek enhanced lifestyles, understanding the links between behavior and ecology suggests that the demise of wildlife is not inevitable. Behavioral ecology offers insights into how features of the environment shape behavior. By unraveling the rules for particular species in particular environmental circumstances, it is possible to intervene and adjust peoples' behavior so that landscapes can be modified in ways that allow species to sustain themselves while improving human welfare. In this chapter I examine the socioecology of two zebra species—one thriving, the other verging on extinction–and show how resiliency emerges from understanding the link between a species' ecology and its behavior, demography, and population dynamics. I show that by working with large-scale commercial livestock ranchers, small-scale ranchers, and pastoral communities to apply basic behavioral ecological principles in context specific ways, balancing conservation and development is possible.},
pages = {231 -- 258},
booktitle = {Behavioral ecology of tropical animals},
publisher = {Elsevier},
author = {Rubenstein, Daniel I.},
editor = {Macedo, Regina},
date = {2010},
note = {00000},
keywords = {Pastoral communities}
}
@incollection{rubenstein_ecology_1994,
location = {Kyoto, Japan},
edition = {1},
title = {The Ecology of Female Social Behavior in Horses, Zebras, and Asses},
url = {https://www.princeton.edu/ dir/pdf_dir/1994_Rubenstein_AnimSociet_chap.pdf},
pages = {13--28},
booktitle = {Animal Societies: Individuals, Interactions, and Organization},
publisher = {Kyoto Univ.},
author = {Rubenstein, Daniel I.},
editor = {Jarman, P. J. and Rossiter, A.},
urldate = {2015-09-21},
date = {1994},
note = {00000},
file = {[PDF] from princeton.edu:/Users/bluemellophone/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/s3agt73i.default/zotero/storage/VFZ2PJ78/Rubenstein - 1994 - The ecology of female social behavior in horses, z.pdf:application/pdf}
}
@incollection{oconnell_abundance_2011,
location = {New York, {NY}},
edition = {6},
title = {Abundance, Density and Relative Abundance: A Conceptual Framework},
isbn = {978-4-431-99494-7},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4_6},
pages = {71--96},
booktitle = {Camera Traps in Animal Ecology},
publisher = {Springer},
author = {O'Brien, Timothy G.},
editor = {O'Connell, Allan F. and Nichols, James D. and Karanth, K. Ullas},
date = {2011},
note = {00000}
}
@incollection{karanth_estimating_2012,
location = {Himayatnagar, Hyderabad, India},
edition = {10},
title = {Estimating Abundance and Other Demographic Parameters in Elephant Populations Using Capture–Recapture Sampling: Field Practices},
pages = {172--213},
booktitle = {Monitoring Elephant Populations and Assessing Threats: A Manual for Researchers, Managers and Conservationists},
publisher = {Univ. Press},
author = {Karanth, K. Ullas and Kumar, N. Samba and Goswami, Varun R. and Nichols, James D. and Hedges, Simon},
editor = {Hedges, Simon},
date = {2012},
note = {00000}
}
@incollection{sui_citizen_2013,
location = {Berlin, Germany},
edition = {7},
title = {Citizen Science and Volunteered Geographic Information: Overview and Typology of Participation},
isbn = {978-94-007-4586-5},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4587-2_7},
pages = {105--122},
booktitle = {Crowdsourcing Geographic Knowledge: Volunteered Geographic Information ({VGI}) in Theory and Practice},
publisher = {Springer},
author = {Haklay, Muki},
editor = {Sui, Daniel and Elwood, Sarah and Goodchild, Michael},
date = {2013},
note = {00000}
}
@incollection{hack_status_2002,
location = {Cambridge, {UK}},
edition = {4},
title = {Status and Action Plan for the Plains Zebra (Equus burchellii)},
isbn = {9782831706474},
pages = {43--60},
booktitle = {Equids: Zebras, Asses, and Horses : Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan},
publisher = {{IUCN}},
author = {Hack, Mace A. and East, Rod and Rubenstein, Dan I.},
editor = {Moehlman, Patricia D.},
date = {2002},
note = {00000}
}
@incollection{fitzgibbon_antipredator_1995,
location = {Chicago, {IL}},
edition = {13},
title = {Antipredator Behavior of Serengeti Ungulates: Individual Differences and Population Consequences},
volume = {2},
url = {https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=YV5Qg2GSyWwC&oi=fnd&pg=PA274&ots=Zak2JGMIzq&sig=k99gZ3T0N4bO30KNRwDCbd_kYJA},
shorttitle = {Antipredator behavior of Serengeti ungulates},
pages = {274--296},
booktitle = {Serengeti {II}: Dynamics, Management, and Conservation of an Ecosystem},
publisher = {Univ. of Chicago Press},
author = {{FitzGibbon}, Clare D. and Lazarus, John},
editor = {{FitzGibbon}, Clare D. and Lazarus, John},
urldate = {2015-10-30},
date = {1995},
note = {00065},
file = {Snapshot:/Users/bluemellophone/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/s3agt73i.default/zotero/storage/5K44BVTK/books.html:text/html}
}
@report{patrick_demographic_2003,
location = {Nairobi, Kenya},
title = {Demographic Status of the Meru Elephant Population},
institution = {Kenya Wildlife Service},
type = {unpublished},
author = {Patrick, Ogola O},
date = {2003},
note = {00000}
}
@thesis{ginsberg_social_1988,
location = {Princeton, {NJ}},
title = {Social organization and mating strategies of an arid adapted equid: the Grevy's zebra},
institution = {Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University},
type = {phdthesis},
author = {Ginsberg, Joshua Ross},
date = {1988-01},
note = {00035}
}
@thesis{kivai_feeding_2006,
location = {Addis Ababa, Ethiopia},
title = {Feeding ecology and diurnal activity pattern of the Grevy's zebra (Equus grevyi, Oustalet, 1882) in Samburu community lands, Kenya},
institution = {Department of Biology, Addis Ababa University},
type = {M.S. thesis},
author = {Kivai, Stanislaus Mulu},
date = {2006-06},
note = {00003}
}
@report{mech_critique_2002,
location = {Jamestown, {ND}},
title = {A Critique of Wildlife Radio-tracking and Its Use in National Parks: A Report to the U.S. National Park Service},
url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=EtBiNwAACAAJ},
institution = {U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, {ND}},
type = {Tech. Rep.},
author = {Mech, L.D. and Barber, S.M.},
date = {2002},
note = {00000}
}
@inproceedings{yosinski_how_2014,
location = {Montréal, Québec, Canada},
title = {How transferable are features in deep neural networks?},
series = {{NIPS} '14},
eventtitle = {{NIPS} '14},
pages = {3320--3328},
booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 27},
author = {Yosinski, Jason and Clune, Jeff and Bengio, Yoshua and Lipson, Hod},
editor = {Ghahramani, Z. and Welling, M. and Cortes, C. and Lawrence, N. D. and Weinberger, K. Q.},
date = {2014-12},
note = {00000}
}
@inproceedings{oquab_learning_2014,
location = {Columbus, {OH}},
title = {Learning and transferring mid-level image representations using convolutional neural networks},
isbn = {978-1-4799-5118-5},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2014.222},
doi = {10.1109/CVPR.2014.222},
series = {{CVPR} '14},
eventtitle = {{CVPR} '14},
pages = {1717--1724},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2014 {IEEE} Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
author = {Oquab, Maxime and Bottou, Leon and Laptev, Ivan and Sivic, Josef},
date = {2014-06},
note = {00158}
}
@inproceedings{nair_rectified_2010,
location = {Haifa, Israel},
title = {Rectified linear units improve restricted boltzmann machines},
url = {http://machinelearning.wustl.edu/mlpapers/paper_files/icml2010_NairH10.pdf},
series = {{ICML} '10},
eventtitle = {{ICML} '10},
pages = {807--814},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Machine Learning},
author = {Nair, Vinod and Hinton, Geoffrey E.},
urldate = {2015-10-30},
date = {2010-06},
note = {00452},
file = {[PDF] from wustl.edu:/Users/bluemellophone/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/s3agt73i.default/zotero/storage/CMWT98NI/Nair and Hinton - 2010 - Rectified linear units improve restricted boltzman.pdf:application/pdf}
}
@inproceedings{lee_convolutional_2009,
location = {Montréal, Québec, Canada},
title = {Convolutional Deep Belief Networks for scalable unsupervised learning of hierarchical representations},
isbn = {978-1-60558-516-1},
url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1553374.1553453},
doi = {10.1145/1553374.1553453},
series = {{ICML} '09},
eventtitle = {{ICML} '09},
pages = {609--616},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Machine Learning},
author = {Lee, Honglak and Grosse, Roger and Ranganath, Rajesh and Ng, Andrew Y.},
date = {2009-06},
note = {00834}
}
@inproceedings{krizhevsky_imagenet_2012,
location = {Lake Taho, {NV}},
title = {{ImageNet} classification with deep convolutional neural networks},
url = {http://papers.nips.cc/paper/4824-imagenet-classification-with-deep-convolutional-neural-networks.pdf},
series = {{NIPS} '12},
eventtitle = {{NIPS} '12},
pages = {1097--1105},
booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 25},
author = {Krizhevsky, Alex and Sutskever, Ilya and Hinton, Geoffrey E.},
editor = {Pereira, F. and Burges, C. J. C. and Bottou, L. and Weinberger, K. Q.},
date = {2012-12},
note = {02823}
}
@inproceedings{lahiri_biometric_2011,
location = {Trento, Italy},
title = {Biometric animal databases from field photographs: Identification of individual zebra in the wild},
volume = {6},
isbn = {978-1-4503-0336-1},
url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1991996.1992002},
doi = {10.1145/1991996.1992002},
series = {{ICMR} '11},
eventtitle = {{ICMR} '11},
pages = {1--8},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st {ACM} International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval},
author = {Lahiri, Mayank and Tantipathananandh, Chayant and Warungu, Rosemary and Rubenstein, Daniel I. and Berger-Wolf, Tanya Y.},
date = {2011-04},
note = {00000},
keywords = {biometrics, ecology, edit distance, image databases}
}
@inproceedings{hecht-nielsen_theory_1989,
location = {Washington, {DC}},
title = {Theory of the backpropagation neural network},
doi = {10.1109/IJCNN.1989.118638},
series = {{IJCNN} '89},
abstract = {The author presents a survey of the basic theory of the backpropagation neural network architecture covering architectural design, performance measurement, function approximation capability, and learning. The survey includes previously known material, as well as some new results, namely, a formulation of the backpropagation neural network architecture to make it a valid neural network (past formulations violated the locality of processing restriction) and a proof that the backpropagation mean-squared-error function exists and is differentiable. Also included is a theorem showing that any L/sub 2/ function from (0, 1)/sup n/ to R/sup m/ can be implemented to any desired degree of accuracy with a three-layer backpropagation neural network. The author presents a speculative neurophysiological model illustrating how the backpropagation neural network architecture might plausibly be implemented in the mammalian brain for corticocortical learning between nearby regions of the cerebral cortex.{\textless}{\textgreater}},
eventtitle = {{IJCNN} '89},
pages = {593--605},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2009 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks},
author = {Hecht-Nielsen, R.},
date = {1989-06},
note = {01982},
keywords = {architecture, backpropagation neural network, biocybernetics, Biological system modeling, cerebral cortex, corticocortical learning, Cybernetics, function approximation, mammalian brain, Nervous system, neural nets, Neural networks, neurophysiological model, neurophysiology, parallel architectures, performance measurement, physiological models},
file = {IEEE Xplore Abstract Record:/Users/bluemellophone/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/s3agt73i.default/zotero/storage/E96GN5X3/login.html:text/html}
}
@inproceedings{haklay_geographical_2010,
location = {Zurich, Switzerland},
title = {Geographical citizen science - Clash of cultures and new opportunities},
url = {http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/150398/},
doi = {10.1007/978-94-007-4587-2},
series = {{GIScience} '10},
abstract = {{UCL} Discovery is {UCL}'s open access repository, showcasing and providing access to {UCL} research outputs from all {UCL} disciplines.},
eventtitle = {{GIScience} '10},
pages = {105--122},
booktitle = {Workshop on the Role of Volunteered Geographic Information in Advancing Science},
author = {Haklay, M.},
urldate = {2015-10-30},
date = {2010-09},
note = {00009},
file = {Snapshot:/Users/bluemellophone/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/s3agt73i.default/zotero/storage/45M332QH/150398.html:text/html}
}
@inproceedings{goodfellow_maxout_2013,
location = {Atlanta, {GA}},
title = {Maxout networks},
series = {{ICML} '13},
eventtitle = {{ICML} '13},
pages = {1319--1327},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Machine Learning},
author = {Goodfellow, Ian and Warde-Farley, David and Mirza, Mehdi and Courville, Aaron and Bengio, Yoshua},
date = {2013-06},
note = {00300}
}
@inproceedings{gall_class-specific_2009,
location = {Miami, {FL}},
title = {Class-specific Hough forests for object detection},
doi = {10.1109/CVPR.2009.5206740},
series = {{CVPR} '09},
abstract = {We present a method for the detection of instances of an object class, such as cars or pedestrians, in natural images. Similarly to some previous works, this is accomplished via generalized Hough transform, where the detections of individual object parts cast probabilistic votes for possible locations of the centroid of the whole object; the detection hypotheses then correspond to the maxima of the Hough image that accumulates the votes from all parts. However, whereas the previous methods detect object parts using generative codebooks of part appearances, we take a more discriminative approach to object part detection. Towards this end, we train a class-specific Hough forest, which is a random forest that directly maps the image patch appearance to the probabilistic vote about the possible location of the object centroid. We demonstrate that Hough forests improve the results of the Hough-transform object detection significantly and achieve state-of-the-art performance for several classes and datasets.},
eventtitle = {{CVPR} '09},
pages = {1022--1029},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2009 {IEEE} Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
author = {Gall, J. and Lempitsky, V.},
date = {2009-06},
note = {00415},
keywords = {class-specific Hough forests, computer vision, forestry, generalized Hough transform, Hough image, Hough-transform object detection, Hough transforms, image patch appearance, Large-scale systems, lighting, natural images, natural scenes, object centroid, object detection, probabilistic vote, probability, Robustness, Runtime, Shape, Testing, Training data, Voting},
file = {IEEE Xplore Abstract Record:/Users/bluemellophone/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/s3agt73i.default/zotero/storage/WMK2HHN5/abs_all.html:text/html;IEEE Xplore Full Text PDF:/Users/bluemellophone/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/s3agt73i.default/zotero/storage/RHFJVCVP/Gall and Lempitsky - 2009 - Class-specific Hough forests for object detection.pdf:application/pdf}
}
@inproceedings{fahlman_cascade-correlation_1990,
location = {Denver, {CO}},
title = {The cascade-correlation learning architecture},
series = {{NIPS} '90},
eventtitle = {{NIPS} '90},
pages = {524--532},
booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 2},
author = {Fahlman, Scott E. and Lebiere, Christian},
date = {1990-12},
note = {03336}
}
@inproceedings{dahl_improving_2013,
location = {Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada},
title = {Improving deep neural networks for {LVCSR} using rectified linear units and dropout},
doi = {10.1109/ICASSP.2013.6639346},
series = {{ICASSP} '13},
abstract = {Recently, pre-trained deep neural networks ({DNNs}) have outperformed traditional acoustic models based on Gaussian mixture models ({GMMs}) on a variety of large vocabulary speech recognition benchmarks. Deep neural nets have also achieved excellent results on various computer vision tasks using a random “dropout” procedure that drastically improves generalization error by randomly omitting a fraction of the hidden units in all layers. Since dropout helps avoid over-fitting, it has also been successful on a small-scale phone recognition task using larger neural nets. However, training deep neural net acoustic models for large vocabulary speech recognition takes a very long time and dropout is likely to only increase training time. Neural networks with rectified linear unit ({ReLU}) non-linearities have been highly successful for computer vision tasks and proved faster to train than standard sigmoid units, sometimes also improving discriminative performance. In this work, we show on a 50-hour English Broadcast News task that modified deep neural networks using {ReLUs} trained with dropout during frame level training provide an 4.2\% relative improvement over a {DNN} trained with sigmoid units, and a 14.4\% relative improvement over a strong {GMM}/{HMM} system. We were able to obtain our results with minimal human hyper-parameter tuning using publicly available Bayesian optimization code.},
eventtitle = {{ICASSP} '13},
pages = {8609--8613},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2013 {IEEE} International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing},
author = {Dahl, G.E. and Sainath, T.N. and Hinton, G.E.},
date = {2013-05},
note = {00174},
keywords = {acoustic modeling, acoustic models, Acoustics, acoustic signal processing, Bayesian optimization, Bayesian optimization code, Bayes methods, broadcast news, computer vision tasks, deep learning, deep neural networks, {DNN}, dropout, English broadcast news task, frame level training, Gaussian mixture models, Gaussian processes, generalization error, {GMM}/{HMM} system, hidden Markov models, hyper-parameter tuning, {LVCSR}, neural nets, Neural networks, optimisation, Optimization, random dropout procedure, rectified linear unit, rectified linear units, {ReLU} nonlinearities, sigmoid units, small-scale phone recognition task, Speech recognition, Training, vocabulary speech recognition benchmarks},
file = {IEEE Xplore Abstract Record:/Users/bluemellophone/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/s3agt73i.default/zotero/storage/ZBNKTX8E/login.html:text/html}
}
@inproceedings{crall_hotspotter_2013,
location = {Tampa, {FL}},
title = {{HotSpotter} - Patterned species instance recognition},
doi = {10.1109/WACV.2013.6475023},
series = {{WACV} '13},
abstract = {We present {HotSpotter}, a fast, accurate algorithm for identifying individual animals against a labeled database. It is not species specific and has been applied to Grevy's and plains zebras, giraffes, leopards, and lionfish. We describe two approaches, both based on extracting and matching keypoints or “hotspots”. The first tests each new query image sequentially against each database image, generating a score for each database image in isolation, and ranking the results. The second, building on recent techniques for instance recognition, matches the query image against the database using a fast nearest neighbor search. It uses a competitive scoring mechanism derived from the Local Naive Bayes Nearest Neighbor algorithm recently proposed for category recognition. We demonstrate results on databases of more than 1000 images, producing more accurate matches than published methods and matching each query image in just a few seconds.},
eventtitle = {{WACV} '13},
pages = {230--237},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2013 {IEEE} Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision},
author = {Crall, J.P. and Stewart, C.V. and Berger-Wolf, T.Y. and Rubenstein, D.I. and Sundaresan, S.R.},
date = {2013-01},
note = {00006},
keywords = {animals, Bayes methods, category recognition, competitive scoring mechanism, database image, databases, data structures, fast nearest neighbor search, feature extraction, hotspot extraction, {HotSpotter}, image matching, image recognition, image retrieval, labeled database, Local Naive Bayes Nearest Neighbor algorithm, pattern classification, patterned species instance recognition, query image, vectors, visual databases, vocabulary},
file = {IEEE Xplore Abstract Record:/Users/bluemellophone/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/s3agt73i.default/zotero/storage/7V99IRFM/articleDetails.html:text/html}
}
@inproceedings{bengio_advances_2013,
location = {Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada},
title = {Advances in optimizing recurrent networks},
doi = {10.1109/ICASSP.2013.6639349},