diff --git a/pkg/vendir/directory/directory.go b/pkg/vendir/directory/directory.go
index 8f580cf5..89448144 100644
--- a/pkg/vendir/directory/directory.go
+++ b/pkg/vendir/directory/directory.go
@@ -58,9 +58,12 @@ func createConfigDigest(contents ctlconf.DirectoryContents) (string, error) {
 func (d *Directory) Sync(syncOpts SyncOpts) (ctlconf.LockDirectory, error) {
 	lockConfig := ctlconf.LockDirectory{Path: d.opts.Path}
 
-	stagingDir := NewStagingDir()
+	stagingDir, err := NewStagingDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return lockConfig, err
+	}
 
-	err := stagingDir.Prepare()
+	err = stagingDir.Prepare()
 	if err != nil {
 		return lockConfig, err
 	}
diff --git a/pkg/vendir/directory/staging_dir.go b/pkg/vendir/directory/staging_dir.go
index 1e82c590..f7340cf3 100644
--- a/pkg/vendir/directory/staging_dir.go
+++ b/pkg/vendir/directory/staging_dir.go
@@ -20,22 +20,20 @@ type StagingDir struct {
 	incomingDir string
 }
 
-func NewStagingDir() StagingDir {
-	rootDir := ".vendir-tmp"
+func NewStagingDir() (StagingDir, error) {
+	rootDir, err := os.MkdirTemp(".", ".vendir-tmp-")
+	if err != nil {
+		return StagingDir{}, err
+	}
 	return StagingDir{
 		rootDir:     rootDir,
 		stagingDir:  filepath.Join(rootDir, "staging"),
 		incomingDir: filepath.Join(rootDir, "incoming"),
-	}
+	}, nil
 }
 
 func (d StagingDir) Prepare() error {
-	err := d.cleanUpAll()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	err = os.MkdirAll(d.stagingDir, 0700)
+	err := os.MkdirAll(d.stagingDir, 0700)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("Creating staging dir '%s': %s", d.stagingDir, err)
 	}
diff --git a/test/e2e/concurrent_processes_test.go b/test/e2e/concurrent_processes_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..06ca7dd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/e2e/concurrent_processes_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// Copyright 2023 VMware, Inc.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+package e2e
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestConcurrentProcesses(t *testing.T) {
+	env := BuildEnv(t)
+	logger := Logger{}
+	vendir := Vendir{t, env.BinaryPath, logger}
+	tmpRoot := t.TempDir()
+	processes := 2
+
+	yaml := `
+apiVersion: vendir.k14s.io/v1alpha1
+kind: Config
+directories:
+- path: vendor/dest-%d
+  contents:
+  - path: .
+    git:
+      url: https://github.com/carvel-dev/ytt
+      ref: v0.27.x
+      depth: 1
+    includePaths:
+      - README.md
+      - pkg/version/version.go`
+
+	logger.Section("execute several vendir processes concurrently", func() {
+		wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
+		for i := 0; i < processes; i++ {
+			wg.Add(1)
+			go func(n int, t *testing.T, wg *sync.WaitGroup) {
+				defer wg.Done()
+				// RunWithOpts invokes t.Fatal on error
+				vendir.RunWithOpts(
+					[]string{"sync", "-f", "-"},
+					RunOpts{
+						Dir:         tmpRoot,
+						StdinReader: strings.NewReader(fmt.Sprintf(yaml, n)),
+					})
+			}(i, t, &wg)
+		}
+		wg.Wait()
+		for i := 0; i < processes; i++ {
+			_, err := os.Stat(fmt.Sprintf("%s/vendor/dest-%d/README.md", tmpRoot, i))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		}
+	})
+}