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Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.66,0:00:05.86,Default,,0,0,0,,This graph shows the Beijing PM2.5 index during January 2013
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.86,0:00:08.58,Default,,0,0,0,,In just one month, there were 25 days of smog
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.58,0:00:12.46,Default,,0,0,0,,I was in Beijing at that time, and as I looked back on this graph over the course of the year
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.46,0:00:14.58,Default,,0,0,0,,I tried to recall the senses and emotions
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.58,0:00:16.86,Default,,0,0,0,,But I couldn't
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.86,0:00:21.62,Default,,0,0,0,,At that time everyone said the haze was caused by random weather patterns
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.62,0:00:23.18,Default,,0,0,0,,Hardly anyone took it seriously
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.18,0:00:25.14,Default,,0,0,0,,In that month, I made four business trips
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.14,0:00:28.54,Default,,0,0,0,,To Shaanxi, Henan, Jiangxi and Zhejiang
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.22,0:00:31.26,Default,,0,0,0,,Looking back at the sky of these trips
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.26,0:00:36.58,Default,,0,0,0,,it seems like China at that time was immersed in smog, blanketing 25 provinces and 600 million people
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.58,0:00:39.10,Default,,0,0,0,,I was right in the middle of it, but I didn't even realize it
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.42,0:00:41.26,Default,,0,0,0,,But the sensation in my throat remained
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.26,0:00:43.58,Default,,0,0,0,,When I was in Xi'an, I was coughing so badly that I couldn't even sleep
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.58,0:00:46.50,Default,,0,0,0,,so I cut up a lemon and put it beside my pillow
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.26,0:00:50.30,Default,,0,0,0,,When I returned to Beijing, I discovered that I was pregnant
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.54,0:00:53.38,Default,,0,0,0,,This is what she looked like the first time I saw her
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.38,0:00:58.58,Default,,0,0,0,,At that moment, I knew she must be a girl, because it looked like she had a girl's haircut
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.06,0:01:05.10,Default,,0,0,0,,When I heard her heartbeat for the first time, there was nothing I wanted more than for her to be healthy
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.30,0:01:08.22,Default,,0,0,0,,But
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.06,0:01:13.18,Default,,0,0,0,,she was diagnosed with a benign tumor, which would require surgery immediately after birth
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.78,0:01:16.86,Default,,0,0,0,,Before the anaesthesia, the doctor told me
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.86,0:01:20.42,Default,,0,0,0,,"Your baby is so young that there is a possibility she won't survive the general anaesthetic.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.42,0:01:23.26,Default,,0,0,0,,You need to be mentally prepared for it."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.94,0:01:29.14,Default,,0,0,0,,Before I could even hold her, she was carried off to the operating room
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.02,0:01:35.74,Default,,0,0,0,,After that, the nurse gave me this toy bear which she used to comfort children
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.74,0:01:37.78,Default,,0,0,0,,Instead, she used it to comfort me
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.06,0:01:40.66,Default,,0,0,0,,When I saw my daughter after the surgery, she was still unconscious
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.66,0:01:42.50,Default,,0,0,0,,The doctor said,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.50,0:01:46.46,Default,,0,0,0,,"The operation was very successful. But there is one thing you have to forgive me for:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.46,0:01:52.14,Default,,0,0,0,,She is so chubby that it took several attempts to find a vein for the anesthetic."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.06,0:01:57.94,Default,,0,0,0,,I took her tiny hand, full of needle marks, and I held it to my face
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.94,0:02:02.30,Default,,0,0,0,,I called her name until, she opened her eyes and looked at me
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.62,0:02:06.74,Default,,0,0,0,,I'm a very lucky person
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.42,0:02:11.26,Default,,0,0,0,,After that, I quit my job so I could spend my time keeping her company and looking after her
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.26,0:02:14.06,Default,,0,0,0,,As long as we were all together, safe and sound, nothing else mattered
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.42,0:02:19.94,Default,,0,0,0,,But already on our way home from the hospital, I started to feel scared
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.94,0:02:22.46,Default,,0,0,0,,The smell of black smoke and burning fire was everywhere
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.46,0:02:24.46,Default,,0,0,0,,I covered her nose with my handkerchief
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.46,0:02:27.70,Default,,0,0,0,,I know it seems stupid, since in her struggle to breathe through it, she would just inhale more smog
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.86,0:02:32.98,Default,,0,0,0,,Before that moment, I'd never been afraid of air pollution and I'd never worn a filter mask
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.98,0:02:39.14,Default,,0,0,0,,But now, there is a little life in your arms, her breathing, eating and drinking are all on your shoulders
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.14,0:02:40.86,Default,,0,0,0,,That's when you begin to feel afraid
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.86,0:02:43.06,Default,,0,0,0,,That severe smog at the end of 2013 lasted about two months
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.06,0:02:47.54,Default,,0,0,0,,The continuous smog made me feel like it wasn't just random and that it couldn't possibly be over quickly
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.54,0:02:50.26,Default,,0,0,0,,It was the same as a sky I saw ten years ago, in Shanxi
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.73,0:03:03.36,Default,,0,0,0,,2004 interview
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.54,0:03:05.10,Default,,0,0,0,,Chai: "Is it like this every day?"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.10,0:03:09.74,Default,,0,0,0,,Boy: "Every day of every year, it's like this! It's lasted for three years now, not just a day or two."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.54,0:03:15.38,Default,,0,0,0,,"Benzopyrene is a powerful carcinogen. As time goes on, it accumulates in one's body
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.38,0:03:18.26,Default,,0,0,0,,Once enough of it accumulates, it increases a person's risk of getting cancer."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.26,0:03:22.34,Default,,0,0,0,,Rivers in Shanxi: 88.4% are polluted, 62% are no longer usable
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.34,0:03:23.98,Default,,0,0,0,,Chai: "Sir, do you think this is still a river?"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.98,0:03:25.46,Default,,0,0,0,,Wang: "It's not river water, it's wastewater.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.46,0:03:30.18,Default,,0,0,0,,Tests show that the annual average benzopyrene level here is 290 times above the regulatory limit."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.18,0:03:33.54,Default,,0,0,0,,Abandoned mining area: Ground water levels have fallen; environmental crisis is imminent
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.54,0:03:37.18,Default,,0,0,0,,Person: "All of the trees over there died. Those two big trees there have completely split open."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.30,0:03:47.70,Default,,0,0,0,,Chai: "Have you ever seen a real star before?"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.70,0:03:49.38,Default,,0,0,0,,Wang Huiqing: "No, I haven't."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.02,0:03:52.22,Default,,0,0,0,,What about blue sky?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.22,0:03:54.34,Default,,0,0,0,,I've seen one that's a little blue
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.34,0:03:56.70,Default,,0,0,0,,What about white clouds?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.70,0:03:58.82,Default,,0,0,0,,No, I haven't.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.58,0:04:04.98,Default,,0,0,0,,When I interviewed this six-year-old girl in 2004,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.98,0:04:11.14,Default,,0,0,0,,it didn't cross my mind at all, that what she said could be the same experience my daughter would have
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.90,0:04:16.34,Default,,0,0,0,,These photos show each day of 2014 in Beijing
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.34,0:04:19.38,Default,,0,0,0,,Only when the air quality was good would I dare take my daughter outside with me
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.38,0:04:21.06,Default,,0,0,0,,But how many good days were there?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.86,0:04:24.54,Default,,0,0,0,,175 were polluted
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.54,0:04:30.22,Default,,0,0,0,,That means that in one year, half of the time I had no choice but to keep her at home like a prisoner
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.22,0:04:33.34,Default,,0,0,0,,Ten years ago, the director of the Environmental Protection Bureau told me
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.34,0:04:36.14,Default,,0,0,0,,"Xiaoyi is a microcosm of Shanxi; Shanxi is a microcosm of China."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.14,0:04:39.66,Default,,0,0,0,,In just a decade, I've looked on helplessly as this has come true
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.04,0:04:43.02,Default,,0,0,0,,In March-April 2014
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.14,0:04:46.50,Default,,0,0,0,,46 photographers
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.50,0:04:50.90,Default,,0,0,0,,recorded images of the sky for 40 consecutive days
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.56,0:04:56.96,Default,,0,0,0,,Tianjin - 197 polluted days in 2014
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.96,0:05:02.60,Default,,0,0,0,,Shenyang - 152 polluted days in 2014
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.64,0:05:06.30,Default,,0,0,0,,Chengdu - 125 polluted days in 2014
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.30,0:05:09.22,Default,,0,0,0,,Lanzhou - 112 polluted days in 2014
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.22,0:05:14.76,Default,,0,0,0,,Shijiazhuang - 264 polluted days in 2014
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.94,0:05:22.98,Default,,0,0,0,,I once watched a TV series called "Under the Dome"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.98,0:05:26.34,Default,,0,0,0,,It was about a small town suddenly enclosed by a dome that appeared out of nowhere
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.34,0:05:29.42,Default,,0,0,0,,Cut off from the world, no way out
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.42,0:05:31.86,Default,,0,0,0,,But one day, I realized that we're all living in the same reality
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.74,0:05:34.32,Default,,0,0,0,,Sometimes, when I get up in the morning
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.32,0:05:37.22,Default,,0,0,0,,I see my daughter standing at our balcony window, smacking on the glass
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.22,0:05:39.66,Default,,0,0,0,,This is her way of telling me that she wants to go outside
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.98,0:05:41.18,Default,,0,0,0,,I think, one day, she will ask me
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.90,0:05:43.98,Default,,0,0,0,,Mama, why do you keep me shut inside?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.30,0:05:45.22,Default,,0,0,0,,What is really out there?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.26,0:05:46.42,Default,,0,0,0,,Will anything hurt me?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.10,0:05:51.58,Default,,0,0,0,,Everything I have done throughout this year is to answer the questions she will ask me in the future
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.58,0:05:52.92,Default,,0,0,0,,What is smog?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.92,0:05:54.17,Default,,0,0,0,,Where does it come from?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.17,0:05:55.96,Default,,0,0,0,,What can we do about it?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.50,0:05:57.46,Default,,0,0,0,,So, what is the smog?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.62,0:06:02.20,Default,,0,0,0,,Sometimes, I turn off the light
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.98,0:06:07.30,Default,,0,0,0,,I want to see it, I know the PM2.5 is there
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.30,0:06:10.38,Default,,0,0,0,,They're airborne particles with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.42,0:06:14.06,Default,,0,0,0,,So they reflect a large amount of visible light
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.06,0:06:16.86,Default,,0,0,0,,leaving us in a world with very low visibility
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.86,0:06:22.82,Default,,0,0,0,,However, I can't see them because the smallest particle the naked eye can see is twenty times bigger
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.82,0:06:25.30,Default,,0,0,0,,In other words, this is a war against an invisible enemy
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.42,0:06:29.34,Default,,0,0,0,,There's only one way to see them
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.34,0:06:30.14,Default,,0,0,0,,It's this
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.18,0:06:32.38,Default,,0,0,0,,This is a PM2.5 sampling device
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.22,0:06:36.06,Default,,0,0,0,,I put a very clean sampling filter into the machine
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.06,0:06:38.14,Default,,0,0,0,,and carried it for 24 hours
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.98,0:06:42.40,Default,,0,0,0,,November 26th, 2014 - Air Quality Index: 282
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.10,0:06:48.50,Default,,0,0,0,,This is what the filter looked like at the very beginning, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.50,0:06:51.46,Default,,0,0,0,,After 24 hours it looked like this
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.02,0:06:56.74,Default,,0,0,0,,If I don't do anything to protect my child she will breathe in all of this stuff
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.74,0:06:57.78,Default,,0,0,0,,How much will she breathe in?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.10,0:07:01.62,Default,,0,0,0,,305.91 micrograms per cubic meter
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.62,0:07:04.02,Default,,0,0,0,,But who can understand a number like this, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.02,0:07:04.94,Default,,0,0,0,,We can only compare it
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.94,0:07:06.98,Default,,0,0,0,,This is the WHO standard for maximum PM2.5 per day
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.98,0:07:08.62,Default,,0,0,0,,This is the standard in the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.62,0:07:10.18,Default,,0,0,0,,This is the standard in Europe
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.18,0:07:11.94,Default,,0,0,0,,and this is the standard in China
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.94,0:07:14.46,Default,,0,0,0,,How much did we breathe in on that day?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.10,0:07:17.46,Default,,0,0,0,,Almost 5 times China's maximum limit
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.02,0:07:20.91,Default,,0,0,0,,Although it sounds like that was just one slightly alarming number
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.91,0:07:23.90,Default,,0,0,0,,I really wanted to know what substances were actually in that sample
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.90,0:07:27.70,Default,,0,0,0,,Prof. Qiu Xinhua from Peking University was kind enough to run this test for me
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.70,0:07:29.10,Default,,0,0,0,,Here are the results of his analysis:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.10,0:07:34.74,Default,,0,0,0,,It contains 15 types of carcinogens including benzo[a]pyrene, one of the world's strongest carcinogens
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.74,0:07:36.10,Default,,0,0,0,,How many times the standard was there?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.50,0:07:39.54,Default,,0,0,0,,14 times
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.54,0:07:41.22,Default,,0,0,0,,I couldn't believe this number
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.22,0:07:44.62,Default,,0,0,0,,Do you remember, in that clip, when I was standing in Xiaoyi, surrounded by coal plants?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.62,0:07:49.42,Default,,0,0,0,,The amount of Benzo[a]pyrene I was breathing there was only 9 times the legal standard
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.42,0:07:51.46,Default,,0,0,0,,Nowadays, I live in the center of an international metropolis
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.46,0:07:54.30,Default,,0,0,0,,When I look around, I can't see a single factory or chimney
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.30,0:07:57.14,Default,,0,0,0,,So how can it possibly be 14 times the legal limit?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.14,0:07:58.62,Default,,0,0,0,,Professor Qiu doubted the results too
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.62,0:08:01.22,Default,,0,0,0,,He said "It doesn't seem possible to be that high. I'll run it again."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.90,0:08:04.34,Default,,0,0,0,,He called me the next day and told me: "No mistakes - it is 14 times the limit.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.10,0:08:08.38,Default,,0,0,0,,Our wider sampling showed there are some people whose exposure was even higher - 20 times the limit."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.54,0:08:13.50,Default,,0,0,0,,All these carcinogens were stuck to the sampling filter you saw before
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.50,0:08:15.94,Default,,0,0,0,,attached to a substance called black carbon
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.94,0:08:18.42,Default,,0,0,0,,It's tiny, only 0.2 micrometers
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.42,0:08:25.66,Default,,0,0,0,,But it has a chain structure, so if it's unraveled, two grams is the size of a basketball court
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.66,0:08:29.30,Default,,0,0,0,,Because of this, it can absorb many carcinogens and heavy metal particles
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.30,0:08:32.62,Default,,0,0,0,,How much black carbon is there in China?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.62,0:08:36.18,Default,,0,0,0,,This is NASA's estimate from 2009
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.74,0:08:41.90,Default,,0,0,0,,That bright purple and white spot is China
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.90,0:08:46.42,Default,,0,0,0,,It drifts above us like a ghost
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.42,0:08:49.94,Default,,0,0,0,,So I went to Peking University, I know that they have a lab for these experiments
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.94,0:08:52.54,Default,,0,0,0,,I asked an expert if I could volunteer
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.54,0:08:54.98,Default,,0,0,0,,"If you put me in a closed chamber with a high concentration of black carbon
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.98,0:08:57.98,Default,,0,0,0,,and observe and test my physical reactions, I can show everyone the results."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.98,0:09:00.02,Default,,0,0,0,,He hesitated for a while and answered
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.02,0:09:02.30,Default,,0,0,0,,"I'm sorry. I cannot do this experiment."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.30,0:09:03.74,Default,,0,0,0,,I asked why.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.74,0:09:07.58,Default,,0,0,0,,He said, "Every experiment requires academic ethical thresholds.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.58,0:09:11.82,Default,,0,0,0,,The thresholds should prevent extreme harm to the participants.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.82,0:09:14.34,Default,,0,0,0,,I cannot run an experiment with these thresholds
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.34,0:09:18.66,Default,,0,0,0,,even if the concentration in the air outdoors is higher than in the test chamber."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.66,0:09:25.98,Default,,0,0,0,,To put it another way, each of us is living our entire life in an experiment chamber
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.98,0:09:27.90,Default,,0,0,0,,and we don't know what the outcome will be
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.90,0:09:30.46,Default,,0,0,0,,Peking University used a different approach
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.46,0:09:33.70,Default,,0,0,0,,They logged how people physically react to polluted air directly
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.70,0:09:37.14,Default,,0,0,0,,For one year, I participated in this experiment
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.18,0:09:38.54,Default,,0,0,0,,This is what I found:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.54,0:09:41.46,Default,,0,0,0,,I have chronic respiratory inflammation and belong to a sensitive population group
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.46,0:09:45.30,Default,,0,0,0,,Fine particles impact the respiratory system, exacerbate inflammation of the respiratory tract
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.30,0:09:47.06,Default,,0,0,0,,and affect the entire cardiovascular system
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.06,0:09:50.18,Default,,0,0,0,,Tiny particles correlate with a higher chance of heart failure due to reduced cardiac blood supply
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.18,0:09:53.30,Default,,0,0,0,,I don't really understand what the medical jargon means
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.30,0:09:57.30,Default,,0,0,0,,Therefore, with the help of the scientists, we made an animation to explain the effect
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.06,0:10:00.06,Default,,0,0,0,,I am PM 2.5
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.06,0:10:02.10,Default,,0,0,0,,I have lots of brothers and sisters
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.10,0:10:05.42,Default,,0,0,0,,Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other heavy metal particles
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.42,0:10:07.62,Default,,0,0,0,,Each of us bearing weapons
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.98,0:10:12.02,Default,,0,0,0,,In the game of attacking human bodies
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.90,0:10:14.26,Default,,0,0,0,,I rarely miss
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.14,0:10:17.02,Default,,0,0,0,,Scene 1: Nostril
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.42,0:10:20.54,Default,,0,0,0,,Nose hairs and mucus can block large particles
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.54,0:10:25.82,Default,,0,0,0,,90% of particles are bigger than 10 microns and are stopped in their tracks
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.82,0:10:26.86,Default,,0,0,0,,But they cannot stop me
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.62,0:10:29.22,Default,,0,0,0,,Scene 2: Throat
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.58,0:10:33.32,Default,,0,0,0,,The upper respiratory tract has cilia that are only 10 microns long
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.32,0:10:35.78,Default,,0,0,0,,beating 20 times a second, but I pass through them with ease
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.78,0:10:38.35,Default,,0,0,0,,The smooth muscles of the trachea become irritated
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.35,0:10:41.50,Default,,0,0,0,,they contract and try to block me, but this bullying can't stop me
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.50,0:10:43.50,Default,,0,0,0,,Scene 3: Lower respiratory tract
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.70,0:10:47.70,Default,,0,0,0,,Here the bronchi branch out like a tree into small bronchioles
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.70,0:10:49.26,Default,,0,0,0,,These are the best ski slopes for us
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.30,0:10:56.50,Default,,0,0,0,,We fight with leukocytes and lymphocytes along the way
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.50,0:10:59.66,Default,,0,0,0,,These fights will cause all kinds of inflammation in the human body
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.26,0:11:05.38,Default,,0,0,0,,Our troops finally reach our destination: the tree-tip like alveoli
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.30,0:11:08.90,Default,,0,0,0,,The human lung has more than 300 million alveoli
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.90,0:11:13.78,Default,,0,0,0,,If we block the alveoli, the human won't be able to breathe anymore
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.78,0:11:16.78,Default,,0,0,0,,However, our most ferocious enemy is here: the macrophages
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.78,0:11:22.10,Default,,0,0,0,,Their specialty is gobbling up foreign material, and they are known as the body's street sweepers
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.46,0:11:24.42,Default,,0,0,0,,This is going to be a tough battle
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.18,0:11:36.50,Default,,0,0,0,,However, we outnumber them
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.02,0:11:41.46,Default,,0,0,0,,our core is difficult to break down, and and we contain toxic heavy metals
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.70,0:11:46.34,Default,,0,0,0,,Macrophages cannot kill all of us, and die easily from over-consumption
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.90,0:11:49.22,Default,,0,0,0,,This is how the human immune system breaks down
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.58,0:11:54.94,Default,,0,0,0,,We also have special forces: particles less than 0.5 microns
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.94,0:11:59.94,Default,,0,0,0,,Once in the alveoli, they are small enough to pass the membranes into blood vessels
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.94,0:12:04.50,Default,,0,0,0,,which causes high blood pressure and thrombosis
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.58,0:12:11.46,Default,,0,0,0,,We can even enter the core of human bodies through the pulmonary circulation system
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.86,0:12:18.06,Default,,0,0,0,,and attack your heart, causing myocardial ischemia and irregular heartbeat
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.06,0:12:19.78,Default,,0,0,0,,which leads to heart attacks
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.78,0:12:24.02,Default,,0,0,0,,Be terrified, humans
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.26,0:12:27.62,Default,,0,0,0,,We're in every breath you take
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.14,0:12:34.18,Default,,0,0,0,,These measurements were provided by the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.18,0:12:38.64,Default,,0,0,0,,This complex graph demonstrates that as the concentration of PM2.5 increases
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.64,0:12:40.94,Default,,0,0,0,,the human mortality rate also increases
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.94,0:12:43.58,Default,,0,0,0,,Many other scientific research institutions have observed the same trend
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.58,0:12:48.02,Default,,0,0,0,,The former Chinese health minister Chen Zhu has calculated that the number
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.02,0:12:52.66,Default,,0,0,0,,of premature deaths caused by air pollution in China each year is
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.26,0:12:55.66,Default,,0,0,0,,500,000 people
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.74,0:12:57.67,Default,,0,0,0,,In this battle against human beings
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.67,0:13:01.66,Default,,0,0,0,,the most fragile and vulnerable populations are our children and parents
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.66,0:13:04.86,Default,,0,0,0,,These babies are about 2 months old
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.86,0:13:08.46,Default,,0,0,0,,They have never been outside, but they have been diagnosed with pneumonia
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.46,0:13:10.34,Default,,0,0,0,,Here they are receiving nebulizer therapy
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.34,0:13:12.54,Default,,0,0,0,,The parents of these babies asked me to photograph their children
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.54,0:13:15.66,Default,,0,0,0,,they suspected their children became sick due to lack of protection during heavy smog
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.66,0:13:17.22,Default,,0,0,0,,The doctor told them:
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.22,0:13:20.46,Default,,0,0,0,,"I can only render a diagnosis of 'Pneumonia of unknown cause'
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.46,0:13:25.22,Default,,0,0,0,,because of the lack of current epidemiological studies. But I can tell you this statistic:
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.22,0:13:31.42,Default,,0,0,0,,In January of 2013 during the heavy smog, throughout the entire country
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.42,0:13:37.66,Default,,0,0,0,,27 cities showed exponential increases in emergency department visits."
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.66,0:13:41.02,Default,,0,0,0,,The mothers in my community discussed this event once
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.02,0:13:43.06,Default,,0,0,0,,One mother asked me
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.06,0:13:44.54,Default,,0,0,0,,"How should we deal with the smog?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.54,0:13:49.62,Default,,0,0,0,,Should we expose our kids to the smog as soon as possible to train them, so they adapt
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.62,0:13:52.38,Default,,0,0,0,,and aren't disadvantaged from the very beginning?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.38,0:13:56.62,Default,,0,0,0,,A medical expert from Los Angeles, a city that once suffered from extreme air pollution, informed us
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.62,0:14:00.54,Default,,0,0,0,,about the risks of exposing our children to air pollution in hopes that they would be able to adapt
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.38,0:14:05.62,Default,,0,0,0,,I don't think we have any information
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.62,0:14:07.58,Default,,0,0,0,,that suggests that exposing your child to air pollution
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.58,0:14:09.18,Default,,0,0,0,,is going to help them to adapt
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.18,0:14:12.38,Default,,0,0,0,,If we expose them on day one, they lose some function
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.38,0:14:15.58,Default,,0,0,0,,If they expose them on day two, they don't lose the same amount
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.58,0:14:18.18,Default,,0,0,0,,But that's because, not that they have adapted
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.18,0:14:21.46,Default,,0,0,0,,but because they've already lost the function and they already are injured
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.46,0:14:24.62,Default,,0,0,0,,It has been shown in several studies around the world now
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.62,0:14:29.94,Default,,0,0,0,,that children in cleaner places grow faster than children growing up in a more polluted area
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.94,0:14:35.54,Default,,0,0,0,,Poor lung function early in life is a predictor of lung problems later on in life
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.54,0:14:39.30,Default,,0,0,0,,And so, doing something about the air while a child is growing
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.30,0:14:41.62,Default,,0,0,0,,You can make a change in that child's life
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.42,0:14:46.02,Default,,0,0,0,,This is downstairs from where I live, I took this photo two days ago in severe smog
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.02,0:14:49.74,Default,,0,0,0,,The AQI (air quality index) on that day had exceeded 500, above the "hazardous" pollution level
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.14,0:14:52.33,Default,,0,0,0,,However, the kids in the adjacent elementary school
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.33,0:14:55.14,Default,,0,0,0,,were still outside playing ball games, running and playing around
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.14,0:14:58.90,Default,,0,0,0,,When people exercise they breathe five to ten times more deeply than usual
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.90,0:15:02.42,Default,,0,0,0,,When I saw this, I became aware of the fact that I couldn't protect my child under all circumstances
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.42,0:15:04.50,Default,,0,0,0,,Someday she will have to go into society
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.50,0:15:07.46,Default,,0,0,0,,and breathing is something inevitable that she will always do
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.46,0:15:09.46,Default,,0,0,0,,And it (PM2.5) is there in every breath you take
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.46,0:15:13.42,Default,,0,0,0,,Adult's like ourselves breathe roughly 25,000 times per day
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.42,0:15:17.70,Default,,0,0,0,,Over time, as it continues to accumulate, what are these substances like in our lungs?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.70,0:15:23.50,Default,,0,0,0,,We are grateful to a patient and doctor at Beijing Cancer Hospital who allowed us to film this surgery
Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.50,0:15:26.74,Default,,0,0,0,,This is a female patient in her early fifties with early stage lung cancer
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.74,0:15:28.50,Default,,0,0,0,,She works in the hospital's accounting office
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.50,0:15:30.42,Default,,0,0,0,,She and her family have no history of smoking
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.18,0:15:35.53,Default,,0,0,0,,The following clip was filmed with the permission of the patient's family and the hospital
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.89,0:15:41.46,Default,,0,0,0,,The following scenes might cause discomfort for some viewers, please use discretion
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.09,0:15:46.58,Default,,0,0,0,,Inside the lung cavity
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.58,0:15:49.74,Default,,0,0,0,,Everyone will breathe in these black spots
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.74,0:15:50.74,Default,,0,0,0,,Including ourselves
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.86,0:15:52.70,Default,,0,0,0,,Does this person smoke?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.70,0:15:54.78,Default,,0,0,0,,No, she doesn't smoke
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.78,0:15:56.30,Default,,0,0,0,,But she's from (censored) city
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.38,0:15:58.54,Default,,0,0,0,,From your hometown
Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.54,0:16:00.50,Default,,0,0,0,,The air quality is really bad
Dialogue: 0,0:16:00.62,0:16:01.38,Default,,0,0,0,,Yeah, it's not clean
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.38,0:16:04.18,Default,,0,0,0,,So this (might be) the stuff that's in the air
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.80,0:16:08.62,Default,,0,0,0,,Pulmonary lymph node color - carbon particle build up over time has turned it completely black
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.06,0:16:12.62,Default,,0,0,0,,In her entire body only the lymph nodes in her lungs are black
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.62,0:16:15.78,Default,,0,0,0,,This is because she has inhaled a lot of dust
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.78,0:16:18.06,Default,,0,0,0,,The lymphatic system is crucial for immune system functionality
Dialogue: 0,0:16:18.06,0:16:19.94,Default,,0,0,0,,Which means it helps our immune system fight disease
Dialogue: 0,0:16:19.94,0:16:24.02,Default,,0,0,0,,When the black stuff on top accumulates does it affect our body's ability to fight cancerous cells?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.02,0:16:30.02,Default,,0,0,0,,It may be the case that it has overburdened the lymphatic system
Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.02,0:16:34.08,Default,,0,0,0,,So this year the World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that
Dialogue: 0,0:16:34.08,0:16:38.58,Default,,0,0,0,,chronic lung diseases are one of the highest risk factors for lung cancer
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.54,0:16:43.70,Default,,0,0,0,,It's nice to know that this type of surgery is very successful
Dialogue: 0,0:16:43.70,0:16:47.14,Default,,0,0,0,,and the patient can make a full recovery after the tumors have been extracted
Dialogue: 0,0:16:47.14,0:16:51.42,Default,,0,0,0,,After extracting the black lymph nodes, the doctor presented them to the patient's family
Dialogue: 0,0:16:51.42,0:16:54.86,Default,,0,0,0,,They asked: "Can you tell me why my wife got cancer?"
Dialogue: 0,0:16:54.86,0:16:59.34,Default,,0,0,0,,He said, "I can only say that according to my clinical experience, I suspect it was because of air pollution."
Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.34,0:17:03.50,Default,,0,0,0,,The WHO has stated that particulate matter is classified as a human carcinogen
Dialogue: 0,0:17:04.70,0:17:06.42,Default,,0,0,0,,When he told me this I had a questoin
Dialogue: 0,0:17:06.42,0:17:10.86,Default,,0,0,0,,Doesn't lung cancer have an incubation period of at least ten years or so?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:10.86,0:17:13.06,Default,,0,0,0,,But we only started hearing about air pollution two years ago, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:13.06,0:17:16.86,Default,,0,0,0,,Then how could it lead to lung cancer this quickly?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:16.86,0:17:21.62,Default,,0,0,0,,So I asked NASA if they could send me satellite images of the air over North China from the past 10 years
Dialogue: 0,0:17:22.58,0:17:24.06,Default,,0,0,0,,This is what I got
Dialogue: 0,0:17:24.06,0:17:26.06,Default,,0,0,0,,2012
Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.06,0:17:27.66,Default,,0,0,0,,The air over Beijing
Dialogue: 0,0:17:27.66,0:17:29.10,Default,,0,0,0,,2011
Dialogue: 0,0:17:29.10,0:17:30.86,Default,,0,0,0,,Beijing in December
Dialogue: 0,0:17:30.90,0:17:32.34,Default,,0,0,0,,2010
Dialogue: 0,0:17:32.34,0:17:33.62,Default,,0,0,0,,The air over North China
Dialogue: 0,0:17:33.62,0:17:35.18,Default,,0,0,0,,2009
Dialogue: 0,0:17:35.18,0:17:36.22,Default,,0,0,0,,The air over North China
Dialogue: 0,0:17:36.22,0:17:38.10,Default,,0,0,0,,Let's look at 10 years ago
Dialogue: 0,0:17:38.10,0:17:39.86,Default,,0,0,0,,North China in 2005
Dialogue: 0,0:17:39.86,0:17:41.58,Default,,0,0,0,,But I couldn't believe it
Dialogue: 0,0:17:41.58,0:17:43.78,Default,,0,0,0,,I was living under these skies in North China at that time
Dialogue: 0,0:17:43.78,0:17:46.82,Default,,0,0,0,,How could I have been unaware of any air pollution for 10 years?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:46.82,0:17:49.42,Default,,0,0,0,,So I sought out the head of China's Olympic air quality assurance group
Dialogue: 0,0:17:49.42,0:17:51.06,Default,,0,0,0,,An academic named Dr. Tang Xiaoyan
Dialogue: 0,0:17:51.06,0:17:53.98,Default,,0,0,0,,She gave me this graph
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.98,0:17:55.78,Default,,0,0,0,,This is 2004
Dialogue: 0,0:17:55.78,0:17:57.34,Default,,0,0,0,,Eleven years ago
Dialogue: 0,0:17:57.34,0:17:58.98,Default,,0,0,0,,Back then, we hadn't started monitoring PM2.5 levels
Dialogue: 0,0:17:58.98,0:18:00.26,Default,,0,0,0,,But we have the levels of PM10
Dialogue: 0,0:18:00.26,0:18:02.14,Default,,0,0,0,,She said according to estimates at the time
Dialogue: 0,0:18:02.14,0:18:06.38,Default,,0,0,0,,At that time when it was very polluted, PM2.5 could have reached 300-400
Dialogue: 0,0:18:06.38,0:18:09.26,Default,,0,0,0,,Today we would classify that as very unhealthy pollution
Dialogue: 0,0:18:09.26,0:18:13.06,Default,,0,0,0,,I asked her, could it really be that I was that blind? I was in Beijing in 2004!
Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.14,0:18:17.22,Default,,0,0,0,,She said, look at this picture
Dialogue: 0,0:18:17.22,0:18:19.42,Default,,0,0,0,,What is that?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:19.42,0:18:21.42,Default,,0,0,0,,I said, that's probably smog, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:21.42,0:18:23.02,Default,,0,0,0,,Then how come I didn't know at the time?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:23.02,0:18:25.90,Default,,0,0,0,,She said, you should look up the news headlines on that day
Dialogue: 0,0:18:25.90,0:18:28.89,Default,,0,0,0,,"Beijing Capital Airport Experiences the Most Delays in Recent Years Due to Fog"
Dialogue: 0,0:18:28.89,0:18:29.90,Default,,0,0,0,,December 2, 2004, Sina News
Dialogue: 0,0:18:29.90,0:18:31.70,Default,,0,0,0,,Back then we thought it was just fog
Dialogue: 0,0:18:31.70,0:18:34.10,Default,,0,0,0,,We kept calling it "fog"
Dialogue: 0,0:18:34.10,0:18:35.74,Default,,0,0,0,,So after I saw this picture
Dialogue: 0,0:18:35.74,0:18:41.38,Default,,0,0,0,,as a former reporter, I was full of remorse because all those years I was reporting I always thought that
Dialogue: 0,0:18:41.38,0:18:43.26,Default,,0,0,0,,I was reporting on pollution across the country
Dialogue: 0,0:18:43.26,0:18:44.38,Default,,0,0,0,,But I always thought
Dialogue: 0,0:18:44.38,0:18:47.18,Default,,0,0,0,,it was only called pollution when I heard explosions in mines
Dialogue: 0,0:18:47.18,0:18:49.34,Default,,0,0,0,,it was only called pollution when I saw smoke from factory chimneys
Dialogue: 0,0:18:49.34,0:18:52.68,Default,,0,0,0,,I never thought that for those of us who lived in a metropolitan city center
Dialogue: 0,0:18:52.68,0:18:54.54,Default,,0,0,0,,the sky we saw everyday was also pollution
Dialogue: 0,0:18:54.54,0:18:57.42,Default,,0,0,0,,At that time I wasn't a reporter anymore, I was already involved
Dialogue: 0,0:18:59.62,0:19:01.26,Default,,0,0,0,,But I still had a question
Dialogue: 0,0:19:01.26,0:19:06.30,Default,,0,0,0,,If it really was like this when I was young, every family was burning kerosene stoves, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:06.30,0:19:09.38,Default,,0,0,0,,Every night we would sleep and awaken to the smell of smoke
Dialogue: 0,0:19:09.38,0:19:12.08,Default,,0,0,0,,How come I never heard about people back then getting lung cancer?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:12.10,0:19:13.42,Default,,0,0,0,,I kept asking this question
Dialogue: 0,0:19:13.42,0:19:17.38,Default,,0,0,0,,until I met professor He Xingzhou, who has been researching this topic for over 30 years
Dialogue: 0,0:19:17.38,0:19:20.14,Default,,0,0,0,,He gave me a book of data
Dialogue: 0,0:19:20.14,0:19:21.54,Default,,0,0,0,,This
Dialogue: 0,0:19:21.54,0:19:29.14,Default,,0,0,0,,A Survey of the Relationship Between Air Pollution and Cause of Death for 26 Chinese cities 1976-1981
Dialogue: 0,0:19:29.14,0:19:32.70,Default,,0,0,0,,So everyone can see clearly, I've put the conclusion up on the screen here
Dialogue: 0,0:19:32.70,0:19:33.86,Default,,0,0,0,,It's very simple
Dialogue: 0,0:19:33.86,0:19:38.46,Default,,0,0,0,,The air pollution from back then already correlated with death rates from lung cancer
Dialogue: 0,0:19:38.46,0:19:40.38,Default,,0,0,0,,The air pollution back then was the result of burning coal
Dialogue: 0,0:19:41.14,0:19:45.43,Default,,0,0,0,,It just happened to be the case that this data was considered internal information at that time
Dialogue: 0,0:19:47.42,0:19:49.66,Default,,0,0,0,,It wasn't that people at that time couldn't smell the suffocating smoke
Dialogue: 0,0:19:49.66,0:19:52.78,Default,,0,0,0,,But the warmth and energy that coal brought was more important at the time
Dialogue: 0,0:19:52.78,0:19:55.94,Default,,0,0,0,,Around 1980 there were 3,700 factories inside Beijing
Dialogue: 0,0:19:56.10,0:20:00.66,Default,,0,0,0,,for a large agricultural country eager to develop, smokestacks were a sign of progress
Dialogue: 0,0:20:00.66,0:20:03.02,Default,,0,0,0,,For some people, they are just two smokestacks
Dialogue: 0,0:20:03.02,0:20:05.74,Default,,0,0,0,,For some people, they are reference points to direct you home
Dialogue: 0,0:20:06.46,0:20:10.22,Default,,0,0,0,,We had absolutely no experience or consciousness of pollution, nor the ability to control it
Dialogue: 0,0:20:10.22,0:20:11.94,Default,,0,0,0,,Major pollutants did not have any set standards
Dialogue: 0,0:20:11.94,0:20:15.42,Default,,0,0,0,,Even though the amount of coal burned wasn't near today's levels, the pollution discharged was enormous
Dialogue: 0,0:20:15.42,0:20:21.50,Default,,0,0,0,,In terms of PM2.5 levels, in 2006, the average concentration of PM2.5 was higher than it is today
Dialogue: 0,0:20:21.74,0:20:24.38,Default,,0,0,0,,It was this year that China proposed saving energy and reducing emissions
Dialogue: 0,0:20:24.38,0:20:26.54,Default,,0,0,0,,and setting standards for sulfur dioxide and other major pollutants
Dialogue: 0,0:20:26.54,0:20:29.14,Default,,0,0,0,,Afterwards, air pollution started to decrease
Dialogue: 0,0:20:29.14,0:20:32.78,Default,,0,0,0,,but the amount of fine particles affecting visibility increased
Dialogue: 0,0:20:32.78,0:20:34.92,Default,,0,0,0,,The amount of days with extremely high pollution increased
Dialogue: 0,0:20:34.92,0:20:36.82,Default,,0,0,0,,and people started feeling strongly about pollution
Dialogue: 0,0:20:37.34,0:20:39.59,Default,,0,0,0,,Economic development has increased life expectancy in China
Dialogue: 0,0:20:39.59,0:20:41.46,Default,,0,0,0,,and has brought more ways to recover from illness
Dialogue: 0,0:20:41.46,0:20:44.26,Default,,0,0,0,,But the risks that come from air pollution have become obvious
Dialogue: 0,0:20:44.26,0:20:48.10,Default,,0,0,0,,In the past 30 years, the death rate from lung cancer in China has increased by 465%
Dialogue: 0,0:20:48.10,0:20:51.78,Default,,0,0,0,,Even though smoking and an aging society are major factors in this statistic
Dialogue: 0,0:20:51.78,0:20:55.62,Default,,0,0,0,,The risk of developing lung cancer associated with particulate matter is receiving increased attention
Dialogue: 0,0:20:55.86,0:21:01.74,Default,,0,0,0,,Monitoring of PM2.5 levels started in 2012 and China implemented its "Air Pollution Prevention Plan"
Dialogue: 0,0:21:01.74,0:21:04.57,Default,,0,0,0,,As wages increased and information became more transparent
Dialogue: 0,0:21:04.57,0:21:07.17,Default,,0,0,0,,people's expectations on the environment rose as well
Dialogue: 0,0:21:08.70,0:21:10.38,Default,,0,0,0,,A person
Dialogue: 0,0:21:10.38,0:21:13.30,Default,,0,0,0,,Or not even a person, how should any living organism live?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:13.30,0:21:16.30,Default,,0,0,0,,When spring arrives, you open your doors the wind blows in
Dialogue: 0,0:21:16.30,0:21:18.82,Default,,0,0,0,,The smell of flowers fills the air and colors come back to life
Dialogue: 0,0:21:18.82,0:21:20.98,Default,,0,0,0,,Sometimes when it rains or when it's foggy out
Dialogue: 0,0:21:20.98,0:21:23.65,Default,,0,0,0,,You can't help but breathe the air deep into your lungs and
Dialogue: 0,0:21:23.65,0:21:26.46,Default,,0,0,0,,experience the feeling of small water droplets filling them up
Dialogue: 0,0:21:26.46,0:21:28.43,Default,,0,0,0,,Both piercingly cold but also pure and fresh
Dialogue: 0,0:21:28.94,0:21:31.30,Default,,0,0,0,,In autumn, you would spend a whole afternoon
Dialogue: 0,0:21:31.30,0:21:35.74,Default,,0,0,0,,with a loved one doing absolutely nothing, just basking lazily in the sun
Dialogue: 0,0:21:35.74,0:21:38.78,Default,,0,0,0,,In the winter, you would go outside with your kids
Dialogue: 0,0:21:38.78,0:21:41.46,Default,,0,0,0,,when it's snowing, she sticks out her tongue to catch the snowflakes
Dialogue: 0,0:21:41.46,0:21:44.86,Default,,0,0,0,,You would teach her about nature and the beauty of life
Dialogue: 0,0:21:46.58,0:21:47.74,Default,,0,0,0,,But now...
Dialogue: 0,0:21:50.10,0:21:56.30,Default,,0,0,0,,This year, every day when I wake up the first thing I do is check the air quality on my phone
Dialogue: 0,0:21:56.30,0:21:58.14,Default,,0,0,0,,Because it will determine my whole day
Dialogue: 0,0:21:58.14,0:22:00.98,Default,,0,0,0,,I rely on a wind from the northwest to live my life
Dialogue: 0,0:22:00.98,0:22:02.18,Default,,0,0,0,,I wear a mask when I go for a walk
Dialogue: 0,0:22:02.18,0:22:03.46,Default,,0,0,0,,I wear a mask when I go shopping
Dialogue: 0,0:22:03.46,0:22:05.26,Default,,0,0,0,,I wear a mask when I go to see my friends
Dialogue: 0,0:22:05.26,0:22:09.70,Default,,0,0,0,,I use tape to cover up every crack of the windows and doors in my house
Dialogue: 0,0:22:09.70,0:22:13.86,Default,,0,0,0,,When I took my daughter to get vaccinated I was afraid even when she smiled at me
Dialogue: 0,0:22:15.94,0:22:18.26,Default,,0,0,0,,Actually, I'm not really afraid of death
Dialogue: 0,0:22:18.26,0:22:20.34,Default,,0,0,0,,I just don't want to live like this
Dialogue: 0,0:22:21.94,0:22:25.74,Default,,0,0,0,,So whenever someone asks me what are you doing this for?
Dialogue: 0,0:22:25.74,0:22:26.94,Default,,0,0,0,,I can only tell them
Dialogue: 0,0:22:26.94,0:22:29.50,Default,,0,0,0,,This is a personal battle between me and air pollution
Dialogue: 0,0:22:29.50,0:22:30.62,Default,,0,0,0,,Where does air pollution come from?
Dialogue: 0,0:22:30.62,0:22:32.62,Default,,0,0,0,,I want to know where it comes from
Dialogue: 0,0:22:32.62,0:22:34.70,Default,,0,0,0,,I want to understand what is really going on
Dialogue: 0,0:22:35.62,0:22:40.94,Default,,0,0,0,,I examined a strip of sampling film under a scientist's microscope and I saw what it looked like
Dialogue: 0,0:22:40.94,0:22:43.58,Default,,0,0,0,,Pollution was not the collection of identical particles that I imagined it to be
Dialogue: 0,0:22:43.58,0:22:45.86,Default,,0,0,0,,It is a mixture of all sorts of things
Dialogue: 0,0:22:45.86,0:22:49.78,Default,,0,0,0,,Being a mixture makes it more poisonous as well as allowing it to spread more rapidly
Dialogue: 0,0:22:49.78,0:22:51.66,Default,,0,0,0,,Pollutants can chemically react with each other
Dialogue: 0,0:22:51.66,0:22:54.58,Default,,0,0,0,,The Chinese Academy of Sciences explained the pollution sources to me
Dialogue: 0,0:22:54.58,0:22:58.70,Default,,0,0,0,,burning coal, burning oil, burning organic materials industry, farming, chemical fertilizers, dust emission
Dialogue: 0,0:22:58.70,0:23:01.30,Default,,0,0,0,,Most of these causes are due to human activity
Dialogue: 0,0:23:01.30,0:23:06.42,Default,,0,0,0,,If you analyze these factors you will find where most of pollution comes from
Dialogue: 0,0:23:06.42,0:23:07.74,Default,,0,0,0,,This is the conclusion
Dialogue: 0,0:23:07.74,0:23:11.30,Default,,0,0,0,,60% of the PM2.5 in China comes from
Dialogue: 0,0:23:11.30,0:23:14.42,Default,,0,0,0,,burning coal and oil, that is, the burning of fossil fuels
Dialogue: 0,0:23:16.34,0:23:18.98,Default,,0,0,0,,PM2.5 has existed long before humans
Dialogue: 0,0:23:18.98,0:23:22.26,Default,,0,0,0,,Volcanic eruptions and forest fires would emit large amounts of fine particulate matter
Dialogue: 0,0:23:22.26,0:23:26.54,Default,,0,0,0,,Starting from when we discovered how to make fire from wood, human activities have contributed to PM2.5
Dialogue: 0,0:23:26.94,0:23:30.78,Default,,0,0,0,,In the past, the use of coal in large quantities led to serious pollution in England and Germany
Dialogue: 0,0:23:31.10,0:23:35.90,Default,,0,0,0,,and when we entered the age of oil, burning oil led to serious pollution in America and Japan
Dialogue: 0,0:23:36.50,0:23:40.86,Default,,0,0,0,,At this moment there are still many developing countries in the process of industrializing
Dialogue: 0,0:23:41.33,0:23:42.07,Default,,0,0,0,,India
Dialogue: 0,0:23:42.24,0:23:43.06,Default,,0,0,0,,Iran
Dialogue: 0,0:23:43.11,0:23:43.71,Default,,0,0,0,,Pakistan
Dialogue: 0,0:23:43.73,0:23:44.34,Default,,0,0,0,,Afghanistan
Dialogue: 0,0:23:44.34,0:23:47.58,Default,,0,0,0,,All face problems with pollution from burning fossil fuels
Dialogue: 0,0:23:47.58,0:23:50.66,Default,,0,0,0,,as does China, the country that has developed fastest in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:23:50.66,0:23:54.74,Default,,0,0,0,,It's large size has led to burning large amounts of both types of fossil fuels
Dialogue: 0,0:23:58.54,0:24:00.22,Default,,0,0,0,,How much fuel are we actually burning?
Dialogue: 0,0:24:00.22,0:24:02.78,Default,,0,0,0,,We can see in 2014
Dialogue: 0,0:24:02.78,0:24:06.62,Default,,0,0,0,,This figure represents the quantities of fossil fuel being burned around the world
Dialogue: 0,0:24:06.62,0:24:08.22,Default,,0,0,0,,You can see how bright China is
Dialogue: 0,0:24:08.22,0:24:13.14,Default,,0,0,0,,That bright white and red area, that's our country
Dialogue: 0,0:24:13.14,0:24:16.46,Default,,0,0,0,,From the image we can see China burns from 3-4 times more fossil fuel than Europe
Dialogue: 0,0:24:16.46,0:24:18.86,Default,,0,0,0,,We have burned so much fossil fuel
Dialogue: 0,0:24:18.86,0:24:21.55,Default,,0,0,0,,But the thing that surprised me most was that
Dialogue: 0,0:24:21.55,0:24:25.86,Default,,0,0,0,,the pollutants from coal and oil can have large-scale chemical reactions
Dialogue: 0,0:24:25.94,0:24:28.90,Default,,0,0,0,,Wang Yuesi, Du Jiming and Tang Xiaoyan
Dialogue: 0,0:24:28.90,0:24:32.02,Default,,0,0,0,,We haven't yet dealt with coal pollution, and now vehicle pollution has been added to the mix
Dialogue: 0,0:24:32.02,0:24:36.14,Default,,0,0,0,,The pollution in China right now is basically an overlap of these two types of pollution
Dialogue: 0,0:24:36.14,0:24:40.02,Default,,0,0,0,,All kinds of particles react with each other in the air
Dialogue: 0,0:24:40.34,0:24:42.66,Default,,0,0,0,,Air movement has decreased but the same quantity of pollutants remains
Dialogue: 0,0:24:42.66,0:24:45.09,Default,,0,0,0,,The unfortunate thing is that these pollutants haven't spread out
Dialogue: 0,0:24:45.09,0:24:47.86,Default,,0,0,0,,but are instead reacting with each other, what we call secondary particles
Dialogue: 0,0:24:47.86,0:24:51.42,Default,,0,0,0,,Complex pollutants, they absorb, adhere, collide, merge
Dialogue: 0,0:24:51.42,0:24:52.90,Default,,0,0,0,,They all mix together
Dialogue: 0,0:24:52.90,0:24:57.06,Default,,0,0,0,,There's no way for us to change natural conditions we can only change ourselves
Dialogue: 0,0:24:57.06,0:24:59.42,Default,,0,0,0,,and the way to do that is to reduce emissions
Dialogue: 0,0:25:01.70,0:25:04.78,Default,,0,0,0,,The whole world needs to burn coal and oil, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:25:04.78,0:25:06.34,Default,,0,0,0,,So what's wrong with our coal?
Dialogue: 0,0:25:06.34,0:25:08.42,Default,,0,0,0,,Do you know how much coal China has burned?
Dialogue: 0,0:25:08.42,0:25:11.98,Default,,0,0,0,,In 2013 we had already burned 3.6 billion tons
Dialogue: 0,0:25:11.98,0:25:16.06,Default,,0,0,0,,But do you know how much all the other countries in the world have burned?
Dialogue: 0,0:25:16.06,0:25:20.02,Default,,0,0,0,,We have burned more coal than the rest of the world combined
Dialogue: 0,0:25:20.02,0:25:23.82,Default,,0,0,0,,The last time a country had this kind of consumption was England in 1860
Dialogue: 0,0:25:23.82,0:25:26.86,Default,,0,0,0,,But as a result, they paid a heavy price
Dialogue: 0,0:25:29.54,0:25:35.18,Default,,0,0,0,,Deep in an abandoned mine in South Wales lies the heart of England's industrial age
Dialogue: 0,0:25:35.18,0:25:39.06,Default,,0,0,0,,It used to drive the most powerful empire in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:25:39.06,0:25:42.70,Default,,0,0,0,,But as a result, it also brought this country a frightening black disaster
Dialogue: 0,0:25:45.62,0:25:47.38,Default,,0,0,0,,These 4 smokestacks are 103 meters tall
Dialogue: 0,0:25:47.38,0:25:50.10,Default,,0,0,0,,They are the symbols of the industrial age in England
Dialogue: 0,0:25:50.10,0:25:52.45,Default,,0,0,0,,When the Battersea Power Station was completed in 1930
Dialogue: 0,0:25:52.45,0:25:54.90,Default,,0,0,0,,it would burn approximately 10,000 tons of coal per week
Dialogue: 0,0:25:54.90,0:25:57.02,Default,,0,0,0,,to supply a fifth of the electricity for the city of London
Dialogue: 0,0:25:57.02,0:25:59.46,Default,,0,0,0,,You could say that London was eating coal to survive
Dialogue: 0,0:25:59.46,0:26:03.14,Default,,0,0,0,,trains, boats, iron, steel, everyday items
Dialogue: 0,0:26:03.14,0:26:07.66,Default,,0,0,0,,In all of London, it was like millions of micro-volcanoes were all erupting at once
Dialogue: 0,0:26:07.66,0:26:11.59,Default,,0,0,0,,Since they were burning large quantities of poor quality coal and emitting pollution at low elevations
Dialogue: 0,0:26:11.59,0:26:15.18,Default,,0,0,0,,the amount of pollution from family chimneys was double the amount of pollution from industry
Dialogue: 0,0:26:15.18,0:26:18.50,Default,,0,0,0,,Slowly, with time, London became completely covered in soot
Dialogue: 0,0:26:18.94,0:26:20.66,Default,,0,0,0,,People wore face masks to go to school
Dialogue: 0,0:26:21.30,0:26:22.54,Default,,0,0,0,,Wore face masks to go shopping
Dialogue: 0,0:26:22.94,0:26:23.78,Default,,0,0,0,,Wore facemasks to walk their dogs
Dialogue: 0,0:26:24.22,0:26:25.58,Default,,0,0,0,,Wore face masks to kiss
Dialogue: 0,0:26:30.46,0:26:33.98,Default,,0,0,0,,The day of the disaster was December 5, 1952
Dialogue: 0,0:26:34.42,0:26:38.74,Default,,0,0,0,,a cold front stretched across the English Channel and covered the entire Thames River Valley
Dialogue: 0,0:26:38.74,0:26:42.02,Default,,0,0,0,,This kept the smog under the clouds, preventing it from dissipating
Dialogue: 0,0:26:42.02,0:26:43.46,Default,,0,0,0,,Poison smoke has closed down
Dialogue: 0,0:26:43.46,0:26:45.86,Default,,0,0,0,,Residents have difficulty in breathing the murky air
Dialogue: 0,0:26:46.02,0:26:48.30,Default,,0,0,0,,People walking down the street couldn't even see their own feet
Dialogue: 0,0:26:48.30,0:26:50.10,Default,,0,0,0,,You needed a blind person to lead you home
Dialogue: 0,0:26:50.10,0:26:52.78,Default,,0,0,0,,Traffic police used large lamps to light themselves up so they wouldn't get hit by cars
Dialogue: 0,0:26:52.78,0:26:54.66,Default,,0,0,0,,All of London was completely silent
Dialogue: 0,0:26:55.98,0:26:59.34,Default,,0,0,0,,You could only see ambulances, because they had to bring those whose lives were in danger to the hospital
Dialogue: 0,0:26:59.34,0:27:03.70,Default,,0,0,0,,But when they were on the road they had to rely on people holding torches to show them the way
Dialogue: 0,0:27:06.38,0:27:10.06,Default,,0,0,0,,In the end 12,000 people died in the smog
Dialogue: 0,0:27:10.06,0:27:13.50,Default,,0,0,0,,The lungs of the dead were sampled and close examination confirmed that they died due to
Dialogue: 0,0:27:13.50,0:27:15.90,Default,,0,0,0,,prolonged exposure to black carbon, a by-product of burning coal and
Dialogue: 0,0:27:15.90,0:27:19.22,Default,,0,0,0,,short-term overexposure to a high concentration of fine particulate matter containing heavy metals
Dialogue: 0,0:27:19.22,0:27:22.66,Default,,0,0,0,,The Coalition for Clean Air calculated that the concentration of pollution in London at the time might have
Dialogue: 0,0:27:22.66,0:27:24.58,Default,,0,0,0,,surpassed the current pollution in China by a large margin
Dialogue: 0,0:27:24.58,0:27:26.50,Default,,0,0,0,,Even though PM2.5 was not measured at the time
Dialogue: 0,0:27:26.50,0:27:31.78,Default,,0,0,0,,During the Great Smog the concentration of sulfur dioxide was 190 times the WHO standard
Dialogue: 0,0:27:31.78,0:27:34.94,Default,,0,0,0,,and exceeded China's PM2.5 standard by an order of magnitude
Dialogue: 0,0:27:38.22,0:27:45.86,Default,,0,0,0,,In the 1960s, after the Great Smog in London, other countries began to reduce and control their use of coal
Dialogue: 0,0:27:45.86,0:27:49.70,Default,,0,0,0,,But that was also the time when China started its economic reform
Dialogue: 0,0:27:49.70,0:27:52.66,Default,,0,0,0,,A country that had been closed and left behind for so many years
Dialogue: 0,0:27:52.66,0:27:55.22,Default,,0,0,0,,desperately needed massive amounts of energy to develop
Dialogue: 0,0:27:55.22,0:27:56.78,Default,,0,0,0,,And it chose to get that energy from coal
Dialogue: 0,0:27:56.78,0:27:59.02,Default,,0,0,0,,This graph shows coal's growth as an energy source
Dialogue: 0,0:28:00.14,0:28:03.10,Default,,0,0,0,,India is also on a similar path
Dialogue: 0,0:28:03.10,0:28:06.54,Default,,0,0,0,,In the near future, India will be the world's second largest consumer of coal
Dialogue: 0,0:28:06.54,0:28:11.06,Default,,0,0,0,,But as of today, India has not yet set standards for emissions of important pollutants in its industries
Dialogue: 0,0:28:11.06,0:28:14.34,Default,,0,0,0,,India is also a country suffering from severe air pollution
Dialogue: 0,0:28:14.34,0:28:17.46,Default,,0,0,0,,So where does all this coal end up being used in China?
Dialogue: 0,0:28:17.46,0:28:20.94,Default,,0,0,0,,Let's take a look at the 3.6 billion tons of coal consumed in 2013
Dialogue: 0,0:28:20.94,0:28:23.78,Default,,0,0,0,,380 million tons was burnt in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei
Dialogue: 0,0:28:23.78,0:28:29.50,Default,,0,0,0,,Of that 380 million tons, 300 million tons was burnt in Hebei
Dialogue: 0,0:28:29.50,0:28:32.90,Default,,0,0,0,,I was really surprised because I always thought it was us Shanxi people who burnt the most coal
Dialogue: 0,0:28:32.90,0:28:35.14,Default,,0,0,0,,When did Hebei start burning so much coal?
Dialogue: 0,0:28:35.14,0:28:37.02,Default,,0,0,0,,Dr. Hao Jiming from Tsinghua University asked me
Dialogue: 0,0:28:37.94,0:28:40.66,Default,,0,0,0,,"Have you seen the world iron and steel production rankings?"
Dialogue: 0,0:28:41.98,0:28:45.06,Default,,0,0,0,,He said that China is in first place
Dialogue: 0,0:28:45.06,0:28:46.50,Default,,0,0,0,,Hebei is second
Dialogue: 0,0:28:46.50,0:28:47.90,Default,,0,0,0,,Tangshan is third
Dialogue: 0,0:28:47.90,0:28:48.74,Default,,0,0,0,,US is fourth
Dialogue: 0,0:28:50.38,0:28:53.98,Default,,0,0,0,,He also added that originally, Tangshan lied in order to be fifth
Dialogue: 0,0:28:53.98,0:28:56.30,Default,,0,0,0,,Does more coal use and industrialization always mean more pollution?
Dialogue: 0,0:28:56.30,0:28:57.98,Default,,0,0,0,,Other countries also produce steel
Dialogue: 0,0:28:57.98,0:29:00.82,Default,,0,0,0,,He said, "You will understand what I mean if you go to Tangshan."
Dialogue: 0,0:29:00.82,0:29:04.90,Default,,0,0,0,,So, last October together with the MEP North China Supervision Centre
Dialogue: 0,0:29:04.90,0:29:09.09,Default,,0,0,0,,we went to Tangshan equipped with drones to take a look at the actual conditions
Dialogue: 0,0:29:09.09,0:29:12.58,Default,,0,0,0,,Zhang Dawei - MEP Bureau of Environmental Supervision
Dialogue: 0,0:29:12.86,0:29:14.10,Default,,0,0,0,,Can you see that smoke over there?
Dialogue: 0,0:29:14.10,0:29:15.70,Default,,0,0,0,,It's not that clear because of the heavy smog
Dialogue: 0,0:29:19.01,0:29:21.49,Default,,0,0,0,,Visual inspection of emissions from the factory was impossible
Dialogue: 0,0:29:25.14,0:29:28.02,Default,,0,0,0,,The weather now makes it difficult to see clearly
Dialogue: 0,0:29:33.94,0:29:36.85,Default,,0,0,0,,Drone inspection failed due to intense smog
Dialogue: 0,0:29:37.02,0:29:39.26,Default,,0,0,0,,Have a look behind to see if anyone is following us
Dialogue: 0,0:29:40.99,0:29:42.72,Default,,0,0,0,,The MEP paid an unannounced visit to the factory
Dialogue: 0,0:29:51.18,0:29:54.46,Default,,0,0,0,,This choking smell of sulfur dioxide must be the smoke
Dialogue: 0,0:29:54.46,0:29:58.38,Default,,0,0,0,,We can now see that a lot of smoke is leaking around the edges
Dialogue: 0,0:29:58.70,0:30:02.34,Default,,0,0,0,,This smoke is being emitted without any controls and released into the atmosphere
Dialogue: 0,0:30:02.34,0:30:03.98,Default,,0,0,0,,Why aren't you using the dust filters?
Dialogue: 0,0:30:03.98,0:30:05.10,Default,,0,0,0,,We are using them
Dialogue: 0,0:30:05.10,0:30:07.18,Default,,0,0,0,,Then why is there so much smoke?
Dialogue: 0,0:30:10.50,0:30:11.98,Default,,0,0,0,,They are operating, see it's being sucked up
Dialogue: 0,0:30:17.82,0:30:19.78,Default,,0,0,0,,Oh my god, have a look underneath
Dialogue: 0,0:30:19.78,0:30:20.46,Default,,0,0,0,,I'm going down to see
Dialogue: 0,0:30:20.46,0:30:23.02,Default,,0,0,0,,This must be the most dangerous thing I've done in my career, my life
Dialogue: 0,0:30:23.02,0:30:24.26,Default,,0,0,0,,Oh my god, it's too terrifying
Dialogue: 0,0:30:24.34,0:30:25.46,Default,,0,0,0,,Stop, stop, stop
Dialogue: 0,0:30:25.70,0:30:26.54,Default,,0,0,0,,Someone fell
Dialogue: 0,0:30:29.46,0:30:32.70,Default,,0,0,0,,The guy who fell was Inspector Zhang Dawei from the MEP North China Bureau of Environmental Supervision
Dialogue: 0,0:30:32.70,0:30:38.38,Default,,0,0,0,,We were all scared at the time because there weren't any lights or warning signs in the factory
Dialogue: 0,0:30:38.38,0:30:41.74,Default,,0,0,0,,There was a pit about 3 meters deep filled with steel and cement
Dialogue: 0,0:30:41.74,0:30:46.14,Default,,0,0,0,,Dawei wanted to go down and check for emissions from this place, and he fell in
Dialogue: 0,0:30:46.14,0:30:50.58,Default,,0,0,0,,Fortunately he wasn't injured seriously so we took him to the hospital and then back to Beijing that night
Dialogue: 0,0:30:51.94,0:30:56.16,Default,,0,0,0,,But what surprised me most was we put in so much effort, had so much trouble
Dialogue: 0,0:30:56.16,0:31:01.78,Default,,0,0,0,,and despite finding clear evidence of pollution in the end, this company was not penalized in any way
Dialogue: 0,0:31:03.14,0:31:04.16,Default,,0,0,0,,I asked Dawei why
Dialogue: 0,0:31:04.17,0:31:05.57,Default,,0,0,0,,He said, "You should ask my boss"
Dialogue: 0,0:31:05.57,0:31:08.00,Default,,0,0,0,,Xiong Yuehui - MEP Department of Science, Technology and Standards
Dialogue: 0,0:31:08.00,0:31:11.46,Default,,0,0,0,,Over 60% of steel firms have not completed the approval process
Dialogue: 0,0:31:11.46,0:31:15.78,Default,,0,0,0,,They did not bother to consult environmental protection law but only tried to stop the approval process
Dialogue: 0,0:31:15.78,0:31:18.90,Default,,0,0,0,,They stopped the approval process whether production is legal or not
Dialogue: 0,0:31:18.90,0:31:22.06,Default,,0,0,0,,They know there is no chance, so they act with utter recklessness
Dialogue: 0,0:31:22.06,0:31:26.90,Default,,0,0,0,,Their operations are completely unlicensed, even inspectors don't want to touch this industry in any way
Dialogue: 0,0:31:26.90,0:31:28.90,Default,,0,0,0,,Can you really shut them down?
Dialogue: 0,0:31:28.90,0:31:30.54,Default,,0,0,0,,Can you really stop them?
Dialogue: 0,0:31:30.54,0:31:31.90,Default,,0,0,0,,Why can't we shut them down?
Dialogue: 0,0:31:31.90,0:31:35.18,Default,,0,0,0,,You must be kidding, how many jobs does producing ten million tons of steel create?
Dialogue: 0,0:31:35.18,0:31:36.54,Default,,0,0,0,,One hundred thousand jobs
Dialogue: 0,0:31:36.78,0:31:39.10,Default,,0,0,0,,How important is the steel industry in Hebei?
Dialogue: 0,0:31:39.10,0:31:42.86,Default,,0,0,0,,It's so important that you can't simply shut them down
Dialogue: 0,0:31:43.10,0:31:48.54,Default,,0,0,0,,This province is filled with heavy industry, consuming large quantities of coal
Dialogue: 0,0:31:48.54,0:31:53.74,Default,,0,0,0,,without effective pollution controls, and the industries cannot be forced to shut down
Dialogue: 0,0:31:53.74,0:31:55.10,Default,,0,0,0,,What are the consequences of this?
Dialogue: 0,0:31:55.10,0:31:58.10,Default,,0,0,0,,I have a good friend, Hao, who was also colleague of mine on "News Investigation"
Dialogue: 0,0:31:58.10,0:32:00.78,Default,,0,0,0,,She also went with me ten years ago to Shanxi to report on the local pollution
Dialogue: 0,0:32:00.78,0:32:03.94,Default,,0,0,0,,She knew I was from Linfen (in Shanxi) and sometimes she would jokingly send me pictures
Dialogue: 0,0:32:03.94,0:32:08.58,Default,,0,0,0,,She would say, "I heard your hometown is now the most polluted city on the planet."
Dialogue: 0,0:32:08.58,0:32:12.94,Default,,0,0,0,,I was speechless, but after 10 years I sent this picture to her
Dialogue: 0,0:32:15.70,0:32:16.74,Default,,0,0,0,,Let's take a closer look
Dialogue: 0,0:32:19.54,0:32:24.22,Default,,0,0,0,,Celebrating the fact that our city's air is no longer the most polluted of 74 cities in China
Dialogue: 0,0:32:24.22,0:32:26.42,Default,,0,0,0,,This was a real banner in Hebei
Dialogue: 0,0:32:26.42,0:32:29.94,Default,,0,0,0,,Unfortunately, this city was once again the most polluted city on the list (3 months later)
Dialogue: 0,0:32:29.94,0:32:34.42,Default,,0,0,0,,But this kind of joke really makes me sad
Dialogue: 0,0:32:34.42,0:32:37.06,Default,,0,0,0,,And for people living in Beijing
Dialogue: 0,0:32:37.06,0:32:41.30,Default,,0,0,0,,every time the wind blows from the south the pollution from Hebei moves towards us like this
Dialogue: 0,0:32:41.30,0:32:43.86,Default,,0,0,0,,You can't keep the air out with a wall
Dialogue: 0,0:32:43.86,0:32:47.78,Default,,0,0,0,,So this what they mean when they say "Breath together and live together"
Dialogue: 0,0:32:47.78,0:32:52.10,Default,,0,0,0,,I have another friend, called Fan, from Jiangsu
Dialogue: 0,0:32:52.10,0:32:56.02,Default,,0,0,0,,I used to argue with Hao about which province is more polluted, Hebei or Shanxi
Dialogue: 0,0:32:56.02,0:32:59.90,Default,,0,0,0,,Fan used to say offhandedly, "Well, we southerners don't really have any pollution."
Dialogue: 0,0:33:01.01,0:33:02.98,Default,,0,0,0,,Now Eastern China also has severe pollution
Dialogue: 0,0:33:04.99,0:33:06.22,Default,,0,0,0,,But Fan was quite surprised
Dialogue: 0,0:33:06.22,0:33:10.26,Default,,0,0,0,,She said, "It's impossible, at least Eastern China's pollution can't have anything to do with coal
Dialogue: 0,0:33:10.26,0:33:12.02,Default,,0,0,0,,because I've never seen coal in my whole life"
Dialogue: 0,0:33:12.02,0:33:12.86,Default,,0,0,0,,Right
Dialogue: 0,0:33:12.86,0:33:15.38,Default,,0,0,0,,I showed her this image
Dialogue: 0,0:33:15.38,0:33:17.54,Default,,0,0,0,,These are the iron and steel factories near your house
Dialogue: 0,0:33:17.54,0:33:19.38,Default,,0,0,0,,These are power plants near your house
Dialogue: 0,0:33:19.38,0:33:22.70,Default,,0,0,0,,These are cement factories near your house
Dialogue: 0,0:33:22.70,0:33:26.54,Default,,0,0,0,,In Jiangsu there's one power plant for every 30 square kilometers
Dialogue: 0,0:33:26.54,0:33:29.42,Default,,0,0,0,,And what is the current state of emissions from these companies?
Dialogue: 0,0:33:29.42,0:33:33.94,Default,,0,0,0,,Here we can see their emissions in real time
Dialogue: 0,0:33:33.94,0:33:36.34,Default,,0,0,0,,The red spots indicate emissions exceeding the standards
Dialogue: 0,0:33:36.34,0:33:42.54,Default,,0,0,0,,As we zoom in, you can see how many firms in the east are emitting pollutants in excess of the limits
Dialogue: 0,0:33:42.54,0:33:45.82,Default,,0,0,0,,Among them, Shanghai which burns a lot of coal itself
Dialogue: 0,0:33:45.82,0:33:49.78,Default,,0,0,0,,is burning the largest quantity of coal per unit of area of all the metropolitan cities
Dialogue: 0,0:33:49.78,0:33:52.98,Default,,0,0,0,,10 kilograms of coal are burned for every square meter of land
Dialogue: 0,0:33:52.98,0:33:56.06,Default,,0,0,0,,What are the consequences of burning more coal?
Dialogue: 0,0:33:56.06,0:33:59.86,Default,,0,0,0,,One problem I never thought about is that high quality coal will become increasingly scarce
Dialogue: 0,0:33:59.86,0:34:00.46,Default,,0,0,0,,Right?
Dialogue: 0,0:34:00.46,0:34:01.58,Default,,0,0,0,,So what should we do?
Dialogue: 0,0:34:01.58,0:34:04.02,Default,,0,0,0,,Lower quality coal will become more common
Dialogue: 0,0:34:04.02,0:34:06.38,Default,,0,0,0,,How low can the quality be?
Dialogue: 0,0:34:06.38,0:34:08.22,Default,,0,0,0,,This is common coal
Dialogue: 0,0:34:08.22,0:34:11.78,Default,,0,0,0,,What about this, is this coal too?
Dialogue: 0,0:34:11.78,0:34:17.02,Default,,0,0,0,,At first I did not think this was coal, this must be wood, you can still see the texture and fossils on top
Dialogue: 0,0:34:17.02,0:34:20.62,Default,,0,0,0,,But people from coal washing factories told me that this is really coal, it's called brown coal (lignite)
Dialogue: 0,0:34:20.62,0:34:22.26,Default,,0,0,0,,It's the youngest coal in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:34:22.26,0:34:24.54,Default,,0,0,0,,It's so young that the level of coalification is extremely low
Dialogue: 0,0:34:24.54,0:34:28.98,Default,,0,0,0,,When it is burnt, half of it will turn to black smog, floating in the air
Dialogue: 0,0:34:28.98,0:34:30.90,Default,,0,0,0,,How much brown coal have we used?
Dialogue: 0,0:34:30.90,0:34:35.10,Default,,0,0,0,,This is a graph of brown coal production in recent years
Dialogue: 0,0:34:35.10,0:34:36.82,Default,,0,0,0,,And these are the consequences
Dialogue: 0,0:34:36.82,0:34:41.82,Default,,0,0,0,,On October 21, 2013, on the first day the district heating was turned on in Harbin
Dialogue: 0,0:34:41.82,0:34:45.34,Default,,0,0,0,,There was so much smog that that PM2.5 index exceeded 1000
Dialogue: 0,0:34:45.34,0:34:47.26,Default,,0,0,0,,This was how Harbin people spent that day
Dialogue: 0,0:34:49.10,0:34:52.23,Default,,0,0,0,,I talked with people from Harbin's environmental protection bureau
Dialogue: 0,0:34:52.23,0:34:55.14,Default,,0,0,0,,and mentioned that I heard buses got lost over those two days
Dialogue: 0,0:34:55.14,0:34:59.75,Default,,0,0,0,,He smiled bitterly and said: "Never mind the buses, even our own bureau director got lost
Dialogue: 0,0:35:00.34,0:35:06.06,Default,,0,0,0,,He said when he was inspecting sites on that day nobody recognized him because of the smog."
Dialogue: 0,0:35:06.06,0:35:09.90,Default,,0,0,0,,The smog in Harbin was caused by burning over 20 million tons of brown coal
Dialogue: 0,0:35:09.90,0:35:13.90,Default,,0,0,0,,Plus, in 2013, several hundred thousand coal burning boilers like these across China
Dialogue: 0,0:35:13.90,0:35:16.90,Default,,0,0,0,,did not comply with any environmental standard and were not regulated at all
Dialogue: 0,0:35:16.90,0:35:19.78,Default,,0,0,0,,The coal was burned, and pollutants were emitted and released into the atmosphere
Dialogue: 0,0:35:19.78,0:35:26.86,Default,,0,0,0,,When you look down from above it was as if 12 million people were buried under cement
Dialogue: 0,0:35:26.86,0:35:29.34,Default,,0,0,0,,Coal itself does not mean pollution
Dialogue: 0,0:35:29.34,0:35:31.42,Default,,0,0,0,,Germany also uses brown coal
Dialogue: 0,0:35:31.42,0:35:34.38,Default,,0,0,0,,But in Germany they first clean and wash the brown coal to improve its quality
Dialogue: 0,0:35:34.38,0:35:35.90,Default,,0,0,0,,Coal can be cleaned
Dialogue: 0,0:35:35.90,0:35:38.90,Default,,0,0,0,,The British wash 95% of their coal
Dialogue: 0,0:35:38.90,0:35:41.26,Default,,0,0,0,,And what about China?
Dialogue: 0,0:35:41.26,0:35:44.86,Default,,0,0,0,,We wash less than half of our coal
Dialogue: 0,0:35:44.86,0:35:47.90,Default,,0,0,0,,The other half, nearly several hundred million tons of coal
Dialogue: 0,0:35:47.90,0:35:51.74,Default,,0,0,0,,contains the useless, highly polluting and inefficient material called ash
Dialogue: 0,0:35:51.74,0:35:57.42,Default,,0,0,0,,But we transport it with trains, with trucks around the world and burn it in cooking stoves
Dialogue: 0,0:35:57.42,0:35:59.42,Default,,0,0,0,,Completely useless
Dialogue: 0,0:35:59.42,0:36:04.14,Default,,0,0,0,,The result is that most of the brown coal is burned in people's homes
Dialogue: 0,0:36:04.14,0:36:07.50,Default,,0,0,0,,Even in urban areas in China, one quarter of people burn brown coal
Dialogue: 0,0:36:08.34,0:36:12.22,Default,,0,0,0,,They don't burn a lot of coal, only 20% of the country's total but the sulfur dioxide
Dialogue: 0,0:36:12.22,0:36:16.38,Default,,0,0,0,,emitted from this burning is equivalent to the emissions from all the power plants together
Dialogue: 0,0:36:16.38,0:36:18.30,Default,,0,0,0,,That's how much of a difference washing coal can make
Dialogue: 0,0:36:18.30,0:36:21.30,Default,,0,0,0,,The most terrifying thing is, it's highly toxic
Dialogue: 0,0:36:21.30,0:36:27.02,Default,,0,0,0,,In Beijing, the toxicity of PM2.5 during winter is far greater than in summer
Dialogue: 0,0:36:27.02,0:36:29.90,Default,,0,0,0,,The carcinogen content in winter is 25 times higher than in summer
Dialogue: 0,0:36:29.90,0:36:31.18,Default,,0,0,0,,Why is PM2.5 so toxic in winter?
Dialogue: 0,0:36:31.18,0:36:36.26,Default,,0,0,0,,Mostly because people are burning scrap coal, which emits an extremely large quantity of carcinogens
Dialogue: 0,0:36:37.50,0:36:41.66,Default,,0,0,0,,For many years Chinese people have been suffering from the consequences of burning scrap coal
Dialogue: 0,0:36:41.99,0:36:43.90,Default,,0,0,0,,In Xuanwei (Yunnan) there's a town called Hutou
Dialogue: 0,0:36:43.90,0:36:48.82,Default,,0,0,0,,Burning scrap coal means it now has one of the highest lung cancer incidence rates in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:36:50.86,0:36:54.46,Default,,0,0,0,,This person is in the late stages of lung cancer, he was coughing up blood
Dialogue: 0,0:36:54.46,0:37:01.18,Default,,0,0,0,,He was too weak to brush away the flies, so he asked someone to put flypaper on his body
Dialogue: 0,0:37:04.18,0:37:06.85,Default,,0,0,0,,This old man was photographed with all the people close to him
Dialogue: 0,0:37:06.85,0:37:09.18,Default,,0,0,0,,whose lives were taken by lung cancer over these years
Dialogue: 0,0:37:11.86,0:37:14.38,Default,,0,0,0,,There are even entire families that have been wiped out
Dialogue: 0,0:37:15.86,0:37:18.14,Default,,0,0,0,,We always hear that that China is still a developing country
Dialogue: 0,0:37:18.14,0:37:20.50,Default,,0,0,0,,and that environmental protection is a luxury we cannot afford
Dialogue: 0,0:37:21.50,0:37:25.02,Default,,0,0,0,,But it's often the poorest people who suffer the most from pollution
Dialogue: 0,0:37:25.02,0:37:27.10,Default,,0,0,0,,They are the most likely to be hurt
Dialogue: 0,0:37:27.10,0:37:29.14,Default,,0,0,0,,They are the ones whose voices need most to be heard
Dialogue: 0,0:37:29.14,0:37:30.74,Default,,0,0,0,,They need help the most
Dialogue: 0,0:37:31.78,0:37:34.78,Default,,0,0,0,,These past few years, our coal consumption has been extremely high
Dialogue: 0,0:37:34.78,0:37:36.58,Default,,0,0,0,,As a result, the quality of the coal we use has decreased
Dialogue: 0,0:37:36.58,0:37:39.66,Default,,0,0,0,,We also don't wash our coal and there are almost no controls on emissions
Dialogue: 0,0:37:39.66,0:37:41.14,Default,,0,0,0,,This is the result
Dialogue: 0,0:37:42.02,0:37:48.06,Default,,0,0,0,,The places in China with the most coal consumption also have the highest concentrations of PM2.5
Dialogue: 0,0:37:48.10,0:37:52.66,Default,,0,0,0,,I mean, the easiest way to clean up the environment is to lower our consumption of coal below 2 billion tons
Dialogue: 0,0:37:52.66,0:37:54.22,Default,,0,0,0,,This will guarantee blue skies
Dialogue: 0,0:37:54.22,0:37:57.03,Default,,0,0,0,,If we can't reach this goal, we can try to centralize the burning of coal
Dialogue: 0,0:37:57.03,0:37:59.66,Default,,0,0,0,,and replace scrap coal burning with use in coal power plants instead
Dialogue: 0,0:37:59.66,0:38:05.02,Default,,0,0,0,,As a next step, if we still can't accomplish this, we can try to wash the scrap coal we use
Dialogue: 0,0:38:05.02,0:38:07.70,Default,,0,0,0,,If all the scrap coal is washed, how would that affect emissions?
Dialogue: 0,0:38:07.70,0:38:09.14,Default,,0,0,0,,It would halve our emissions at the very least
Dialogue: 0,0:38:09.14,0:38:10.98,Default,,0,0,0,,We can make two changes at present
Dialogue: 0,0:38:10.98,0:38:14.22,Default,,0,0,0,,First, we must reduce consumption of coal or we can wash our coal
Dialogue: 0,0:38:14.22,0:38:15.84,Default,,0,0,0,,Article 23 Atmospheric Protection Law
Dialogue: 0,0:38:15.84,0:38:16.98,Default,,0,0,0,,The government promotes washing and upgrading coal
Dialogue: 0,0:38:16.98,0:38:18.30,Default,,0,0,0,,Reduction of the sulfur and ash content in coal
Dialogue: 0,0:38:18.30,0:38:19.54,Default,,0,0,0,,Restrictions on extracting coal with high sulfur and ash content
Dialogue: 0,0:38:19.54,0:38:21.12,Default,,0,0,0,,Article 1 of the Ten atmosphere protection articles
Dialogue: 0,0:38:21.12,0:38:22.12,Default,,0,0,0,,Overhaul small-scale coal burners
Dialogue: 0,0:38:22.12,0:38:23.87,Default,,0,0,0,,Accelerating de-sulfurization and reducing nitrogen compounds and ash
Dialogue: 0,0:38:23.87,0:38:28.58,Default,,0,0,0,,In 2014, PM2.5 has been reduced 11.1% from its original level in 74 cities
Dialogue: 0,0:38:28.93,0:38:31.98,Default,,0,0,0,,but only 8 cities met the standards set by the government
Dialogue: 0,0:38:31.98,0:38:34.18,Default,,0,0,0,,If we could effectively implement environmental protection measures
Dialogue: 0,0:38:34.18,0:38:39.70,Default,,0,0,0,,just the ones we already have right now, have them 100% enforced, our ash and sulfur dioxide emissions
Dialogue: 0,0:38:39.70,0:38:43.42,Default,,0,0,0,,would be 60% lower than current levels, our nitrogen oxide emissions would be 35% lower
Dialogue: 0,0:38:43.42,0:38:45.58,Default,,0,0,0,,In order to solve the environmental problem in China
Dialogue: 0,0:38:45.58,0:38:47.30,Default,,0,0,0,,First, we need to have better management
Dialogue: 0,0:38:47.30,0:38:49.30,Default,,0,0,0,,Second, we still need better management
Dialogue: 0,0:38:49.30,0:38:51.42,Default,,0,0,0,,Third, is still better management
Dialogue: 0,0:38:51.42,0:38:55.70,Default,,0,0,0,,President Xi Jinping said: "The dignity of the law depends on its enforcement."
Dialogue: 0,0:38:56.26,0:39:00.26,Default,,0,0,0,,China took only 30 years to complete an industrialization process that took 100 years in other countries
Dialogue: 0,0:39:00.26,0:39:05.06,Default,,0,0,0,,Therefore, on top of the pollution from coal we have to account for the pollution from oil as well
Dialogue: 0,0:39:05.06,0:39:07.10,Default,,0,0,0,,So what happens to our oil?
Dialogue: 0,0:39:07.10,0:39:08.86,Default,,0,0,0,,Most of our oil is burnt by vehicles
Dialogue: 0,0:39:08.86,0:39:12.54,Default,,0,0,0,,In ten years, the number of vehicles in China has increased by about 100 million
Dialogue: 0,0:39:12.54,0:39:17.06,Default,,0,0,0,,Looking specifically at Beijing in 2010 how many cars were added in that one year?
Dialogue: 0,0:39:17.06,0:39:18.02,Default,,0,0,0,,800,000 more
Dialogue: 0,0:39:18.02,0:39:19.06,Default,,0,0,0,,What does 800,000 cars mean?
Dialogue: 0,0:39:19.06,0:39:24.66,Default,,0,0,0,,If all these cars were placed end-to-end, they would stretch from Beijing to Shenzhen and back again
Dialogue: 0,0:39:24.66,0:39:27.18,Default,,0,0,0,,That's one year's increase
Dialogue: 0,0:39:27.18,0:39:28.94,Default,,0,0,0,,The result is as follows
Dialogue: 0,0:39:28.94,0:39:34.26,Default,,0,0,0,,The primary source of PM2.5 within Beijing is these vehicles
Dialogue: 0,0:39:34.26,0:39:39.66,Default,,0,0,0,,But there is another city that surprised me, a city which is under haze for over 200 days per year
Dialogue: 0,0:39:41.34,0:39:43.34,Default,,0,0,0,,You can guess which city that is
Dialogue: 0,0:39:46.02,0:39:47.34,Default,,0,0,0,,Which one?
Dialogue: 0,0:39:50.62,0:39:52.54,Default,,0,0,0,,Let's try another picture
Dialogue: 0,0:39:52.54,0:39:54.10,Default,,0,0,0,,Qinghai you say?
Dialogue: 0,0:39:54.10,0:39:56.78,Default,,0,0,0,,Qingdao?
Dialogue: 0,0:39:56.78,0:39:59.18,Default,,0,0,0,,Hangzhou
Dialogue: 0,0:39:59.18,0:40:02.38,Default,,0,0,0,,To be honest I am as shocked as you are, because I always thought
Dialogue: 0,0:40:02.38,0:40:04.82,Default,,0,0,0,,these were the scenes of misty rain described in all those famous poems
Dialogue: 0,0:40:04.82,0:40:07.90,Default,,0,0,0,,Later I made a call to the Hangzhou MEP and they confirmed this
Dialogue: 0,0:40:07.90,0:40:11.10,Default,,0,0,0,,It's because vehicle ownership per capita in Hangzhou is the highest of all cities in China
Dialogue: 0,0:40:11.10,0:40:13.22,Default,,0,0,0,,On average, there is one car for every two people
Dialogue: 0,0:40:13.22,0:40:16.38,Default,,0,0,0,,So the vehicles of Hangzhou contribute nearly 40% of its air pollution
Dialogue: 0,0:40:16.38,0:40:19.50,Default,,0,0,0,,Do more cars necessarily mean more pollution?
Dialogue: 0,0:40:19.50,0:40:20.74,Default,,0,0,0,,Here's a question we often hear
Dialogue: 0,0:40:20.74,0:40:22.42,Default,,0,0,0,,Aren't there more cars in Tokyo than in Beijing?
Dialogue: 0,0:40:22.42,0:40:25.46,Default,,0,0,0,,Why don't we see such severe pollution in Tokyo?
Dialogue: 0,0:40:25.46,0:40:28.26,Default,,0,0,0,,This is the explanation given by the Beijing Municipal Commission of Transport:
Dialogue: 0,0:40:28.26,0:40:31.94,Default,,0,0,0,,More than 90% of Tokyo's residents commute by rail
Dialogue: 0,0:40:31.94,0:40:34.26,Default,,0,0,0,,Less than 6% of them drive
Dialogue: 0,0:40:34.26,0:40:35.90,Default,,0,0,0,,What about in Beijing?
Dialogue: 0,0:40:35.90,0:40:37.70,Default,,0,0,0,,34% of Beijing residents drive cars
Dialogue: 0,0:40:37.70,0:40:40.26,Default,,0,0,0,,And they drive in the city center, usually stuck in traffic jams
Dialogue: 0,0:40:40.26,0:40:42.62,Default,,0,0,0,,When they are stuck their cars are idling, doubling the rate of emissions
Dialogue: 0,0:40:42.62,0:40:44.98,Default,,0,0,0,,And when they brake, even more heavy metals are released
Dialogue: 0,0:40:44.98,0:40:51.58,Default,,0,0,0,,So every day during rush hour in Beijing how much PM2.5 is emitted in one hour within the 6th ring?
Dialogue: 0,0:40:51.58,0:40:52.30,Default,,0,0,0,,One ton
Dialogue: 0,0:40:53.18,0:40:56.02,Default,,0,0,0,,How many Beijing residents would drive if they are going less than 5km?
Dialogue: 0,0:40:57.74,0:40:59.18,Default,,0,0,0,,Close to half
Dialogue: 0,0:40:59.18,0:41:03.94,Default,,0,0,0,,12% of all residents would drive within 2km
Dialogue: 0,0:41:03.94,0:41:06.66,Default,,0,0,0,,And 7% would drive within 1km
Dialogue: 0,0:41:06.66,0:41:07.74,Default,,0,0,0,,How far is 1km?
Dialogue: 0,0:41:07.74,0:41:10.98,Default,,0,0,0,,That's just a trip to the supermarket or produce stand
Dialogue: 0,0:41:10.98,0:41:13.38,Default,,0,0,0,,Do we really love driving so much?
Dialogue: 0,0:41:13.38,0:41:15.06,Default,,0,0,0,,Perhaps a few of us do
Dialogue: 0,0:41:15.06,0:41:17.42,Default,,0,0,0,,But there can't be so many irrational people, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:41:17.42,0:41:20.00,Default,,0,0,0,,My family owns a car, but after our child was born we made a rule
Dialogue: 0,0:41:20.00,0:41:23.38,Default,,0,0,0,,basically we would only drive for our parents, our kid, or to the airport or hospital
Dialogue: 0,0:41:23.38,0:41:26.82,Default,,0,0,0,,When my husband goes to work every day, he rides a bicycle
Dialogue: 0,0:41:26.82,0:41:29.18,Default,,0,0,0,,This is how you ride a bicycle in front of our apartment building
Dialogue: 0,0:41:30.90,0:41:32.26,Default,,0,0,0,,That's the only way to ride
Dialogue: 0,0:41:32.26,0:41:34.22,Default,,0,0,0,,Why?
Dialogue: 0,0:41:34.22,0:41:36.02,Default,,0,0,0,,This is our bicycle lane
Dialogue: 0,0:41:36.02,0:41:38.70,Default,,0,0,0,,It's almost always full of cars
Dialogue: 0,0:41:38.70,0:41:41.98,Default,,0,0,0,,Beijing has over 5 million vehicles but only half of them have a parking space
Dialogue: 0,0:41:41.98,0:41:46.54,Default,,0,0,0,,But no car can park mid-air, so you find them in bicycle lanes and on sidewalks
Dialogue: 0,0:41:46.54,0:41:48.14,Default,,0,0,0,,That's how they park
Dialogue: 0,0:41:48.14,0:41:50.22,Default,,0,0,0,,Of course, humanity is the same throughout the world
Dialogue: 0,0:41:50.22,0:41:51.82,Default,,0,0,0,,Without regulations, this can happen anywhere
Dialogue: 0,0:41:51.82,0:41:53.58,Default,,0,0,0,,Let's check London
Dialogue: 0,0:41:53.58,0:41:55.54,Default,,0,0,0,,It seems they also parked like this in the old days
Dialogue: 0,0:41:55.54,0:41:58.54,Default,,0,0,0,,then the parking meters were installed
Dialogue: 0,0:41:58.54,0:42:00.22,Default,,0,0,0,,and they parked like this
Dialogue: 0,0:42:00.22,0:42:03.26,Default,,0,0,0,,Then London raised its parking fee and congestion charge
Dialogue: 0,0:42:03.26,0:42:04.74,Default,,0,0,0,,so they parked like this
Dialogue: 0,0:42:04.74,0:42:08.90,Default,,0,0,0,,A few days ago, I heard they are also trying to raise parking fees in Shenzhen
Dialogue: 0,0:42:08.90,0:42:13.98,Default,,0,0,0,,So the folks in Shenzhen parked like this
Dialogue: 0,0:42:13.98,0:42:15.66,Default,,0,0,0,,The same thing happened in Tokyo 50 years ago
Dialogue: 0,0:42:15.66,0:42:16.58,Default,,0,0,0,,It's not that easy
Dialogue: 0,0:42:16.58,0:42:19.74,Default,,0,0,0,,It took them a long time to clear the cars out of the way one by one
Dialogue: 0,0:42:19.74,0:42:22.66,Default,,0,0,0,,This is a test of meticulous city management
Dialogue: 0,0:42:22.66,0:42:24.86,Default,,0,0,0,,Car lovers have another question
Dialogue: 0,0:42:24.86,0:42:29.86,Default,,0,0,0,,As this photo shows there are no vehicles in Beijing at midnight, are there?
Dialogue: 0,0:42:29.86,0:42:32.26,Default,,0,0,0,,Why is the pollution still so severe?
Dialogue: 0,0:42:32.26,0:42:34.86,Default,,0,0,0,,Is it really caused by cars?
Dialogue: 0,0:42:34.86,0:42:39.46,Default,,0,0,0,,This question also troubled me for a long time, until the Chinese Academy of Sciences showed me this graph
Dialogue: 0,0:42:40.70,0:42:44.66,Default,,0,0,0,,There's always a peak in pollution before dawn in Beijing
Dialogue: 0,0:42:44.66,0:42:46.50,Default,,0,0,0,,It shows up consistently every day
Dialogue: 0,0:42:46.50,0:42:50.38,Default,,0,0,0,,At this peak, carbon emissions are about twice as high as the peak in the afternoon on the same day
Dialogue: 0,0:42:50.38,0:42:52.50,Default,,0,0,0,,So what exactly is this?
Dialogue: 0,0:42:52.50,0:42:55.06,Default,,0,0,0,,I wanted to know as well, so we went to Yanqing district of Beijing
Dialogue: 0,0:42:56.00,0:42:58.00,Default,,0,0,0,,Yanqing - Kangzhuang Toll Station, 2:30am 11 October 2014
Dialogue: 0,0:42:59.18,0:43:00.14,Default,,0,0,0,,Inspector: Halt!
Dialogue: 0,0:43:00.14,0:43:02.14,Default,,0,0,0,,Vehicle type: Futian Aoling
Dialogue: 0,0:43:02.14,0:43:04.14,Default,,0,0,0,,Displayed emissions standard: National Standard 4
Dialogue: 0,0:43:04.54,0:43:06.46,Default,,0,0,0,,This truck doesn't have the basic equipment for a Standard 4
Dialogue: 0,0:43:06.46,0:43:08.14,Default,,0,0,0,,Chai: So in fact it's not a Standard 4 vehicle
Dialogue: 0,0:43:08.14,0:43:09.06,Default,,0,0,0,,Driver: So what should I do?
Dialogue: 0,0:43:09.06,0:43:10.34,Default,,0,0,0,,I just bought this new truck
Dialogue: 0,0:43:10.70,0:43:12.14,Default,,0,0,0,,This is my environmental protection label
Dialogue: 0,0:43:12.14,0:43:13.58,Default,,0,0,0,,It was issued this year
Dialogue: 0,0:43:16.00,0:43:17.96,Default,,0,0,0,,Random inspection of another vehicle
Dialogue: 0,0:43:17.96,0:43:19.10,Default,,0,0,0,,Vehicle type: Chang'an Kaima
Dialogue: 0,0:43:19.10,0:43:20.62,Default,,0,0,0,,Displayed emissions standard: National Standard 3
Dialogue: 0,0:43:20.62,0:43:22.02,Default,,0,0,0,,What does 3.29 mean?
Dialogue: 0,0:43:22.02,0:43:23.18,Default,,0,0,0,,It's above the limit
Dialogue: 0,0:43:23.18,0:43:24.42,Default,,0,0,0,,This is even beyond Standard 1
Dialogue: 0,0:43:24.42,0:43:26.42,Default,,0,0,0,,So it has no emission control device at all?
Dialogue: 0,0:43:26.42,0:43:28.14,Default,,0,0,0,,No, basically no emission control at all
Dialogue: 0,0:43:28.14,0:43:28.90,Default,,0,0,0,,He has the green label
Dialogue: 0,0:43:29.38,0:43:30.62,Default,,0,0,0,,It says Standard 3
Dialogue: 0,0:43:30.62,0:43:31.26,Default,,0,0,0,,Who issued it?
Dialogue: 0,0:43:31.26,0:43:33.98,Default,,0,0,0,,Hebei Province Department of Environmental Protection
Dialogue: 0,0:43:33.98,0:43:35.42,Default,,0,0,0,,When I bought it they said it was Standard 3
Dialogue: 0,0:43:35.42,0:43:37.50,Default,,0,0,0,,How could I know? I was just buying a truck
Dialogue: 0,0:43:37.50,0:43:39.50,Default,,0,0,0,,Finally, the truck was not given an on the spot fine
Dialogue: 0,0:43:40.66,0:43:43.50,Default,,0,0,0,,His truck is on the green channel. It's carrying eggs, milk, and oil
Dialogue: 0,0:43:43.50,0:43:48.01,Default,,0,0,0,,It's part of the city's supply system so according to the regulations, we should not penalize this truck
Dialogue: 0,0:43:48.01,0:43:50.30,Default,,0,0,0,,Li Kunsheng, Director of Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Vehicular Emissions Department
Dialogue: 0,0:43:50.30,0:43:53.70,Default,,0,0,0,,Fake cars are common, or to put it in more serious terms, fake cars are everywhere
Dialogue: 0,0:43:53.70,0:43:55.06,Default,,0,0,0,,It's a secret kept in automotive industry
Dialogue: 0,0:43:55.06,0:43:56.94,Default,,0,0,0,,90% of environmental protection devices are not installed
Dialogue: 0,0:43:56.94,0:43:58.46,Default,,0,0,0,,So how does that play out in terms of emissions?
Dialogue: 0,0:43:58.46,0:44:00.14,Default,,0,0,0,,If 30,000 noncompliant vehicles enter the city
Dialogue: 0,0:44:00.14,0:44:02.86,Default,,0,0,0,,it's equivalent to several million compliant vehicles on the road at night
Dialogue: 0,0:44:04.74,0:44:09.38,Default,,0,0,0,,What kind of emissions result if emission control devices are not used?
Dialogue: 0,0:44:09.38,0:44:12.82,Default,,0,0,0,,The quantity of particulate emissions from just one vehicle with no safeguards
Dialogue: 0,0:44:12.82,0:44:15.98,Default,,0,0,0,,is 500 times the emissions from a vehicle of National Standard 4
Dialogue: 0,0:44:15.98,0:44:18.90,Default,,0,0,0,,Diesel vehicles do not make up a big proportion of the total, similar to the scrap coal case
Dialogue: 0,0:44:18.90,0:44:21.14,Default,,0,0,0,,There are not many, only 17% of all cars are diesel
Dialogue: 0,0:44:21.14,0:44:25.70,Default,,0,0,0,,but their emissions of nitrogen oxides make up 70% of all vehicle emissions
Dialogue: 0,0:44:25.70,0:44:28.54,Default,,0,0,0,,and as for their proportion of primary particle emissions?
Dialogue: 0,0:44:28.54,0:44:30.50,Default,,0,0,0,,They make up 99%
Dialogue: 0,0:44:30.50,0:44:32.02,Default,,0,0,0,,There's an even scarier aspect to this too
Dialogue: 0,0:44:32.02,0:44:36.78,Default,,0,0,0,,The particulates in diesel vehicle emissions have exceptionally high toxicity
Dialogue: 0,0:44:36.78,0:44:38.06,Default,,0,0,0,,PAHs are carcinogens
Dialogue: 0,0:44:38.06,0:44:41.66,Default,,0,0,0,,But diesel vehicles emit PAHs on steroids
Dialogue: 0,0:44:41.66,0:44:45.86,Default,,0,0,0,,Nitro-PAHs, which are an order of magnitude more carcinogenic
Dialogue: 0,0:44:45.86,0:44:47.94,Default,,0,0,0,,When I saw those drivers of diesel vehicles in Yanqing
Dialogue: 0,0:44:47.94,0:44:51.82,Default,,0,0,0,,I realized that they themselves are the biggest victims of their own diesel emissions
Dialogue: 0,0:44:51.82,0:44:54.46,Default,,0,0,0,,They are a group at very high risk for cancer
Dialogue: 0,0:44:54.46,0:44:57.86,Default,,0,0,0,,Besides, it seems fairly unreasonable to punish these people
Dialogue: 0,0:44:57.86,0:45:00.06,Default,,0,0,0,,They spent their own money
Dialogue: 0,0:45:00.06,0:45:02.82,Default,,0,0,0,,They bought vehicles with legal certificates issued by the government
Dialogue: 0,0:45:02.82,0:45:04.46,Default,,0,0,0,,What reason do we have to fine them?
Dialogue: 0,0:45:04.46,0:45:08.90,Default,,0,0,0,,If we want to lay blame, shouldn't we start with those responsible for manufacturing these fake vehicles?
Dialogue: 0,0:45:09.09,0:45:13.92,Default,,0,0,0,,Chai: Could you explain why the emission devices weren't installed during production?
Dialogue: 0,0:45:13.92,0:45:19.33,Default,,0,0,0,,Boss: Well, there are trucks for export exporting to Africa and other places
Dialogue: 0,0:45:19.33,0:45:22.99,Default,,0,0,0,,There are also National Standard 1 and 2 and European Standard 1 and 2 and 0 as well
Dialogue: 0,0:45:22.99,0:45:24.09,Default,,0,0,0,,And some African ones
Dialogue: 0,0:45:24.09,0:45:26.93,Default,,0,0,0,,But your trucks have National Standard 4 labels on them
Dialogue: 0,0:45:26.93,0:45:31.43,Default,,0,0,0,,Well... perhaps they... export... like if they export
Dialogue: 0,0:45:31.43,0:45:32.52,Default,,0,0,0,,They are sold for export
Dialogue: 0,0:45:32.52,0:45:37.12,Default,,0,0,0,,Ummm... so that's how it happened
Dialogue: 0,0:45:37.12,0:45:39.01,Default,,0,0,0,,You mean you put the wrong labels on by mistake?
Dialogue: 0,0:45:39.92,0:45:41.98,Default,,0,0,0,,Yeah, maybe they stuck, stuck, something of their own
Dialogue: 0,0:45:41.98,0:45:43.11,Default,,0,0,0,,Someone wants the cars
Dialogue: 0,0:45:43.11,0:45:45.12,Default,,0,0,0,,So, so, so, we sold them
Dialogue: 0,0:45:45.58,0:45:47.90,Default,,0,0,0,,I don't know how our African brothers would feel after hearing this
Dialogue: 0,0:45:47.90,0:45:51.46,Default,,0,0,0,,A business always has its rationalizations and reasons
Dialogue: 0,0:45:51.46,0:45:54.42,Default,,0,0,0,,But what makes me curious is for more than ten years
Dialogue: 0,0:45:54.42,0:45:56.78,Default,,0,0,0,,if such fake manufacturers are so common and widespread
Dialogue: 0,0:45:56.78,0:45:59.54,Default,,0,0,0,,and are known by the supervisory departments why aren't they dealt with?
Dialogue: 0,0:45:59.54,0:46:01.02,Default,,0,0,0,,Don't we have laws?
Dialogue: 0,0:46:01.02,0:46:04.38,Default,,0,0,0,,Don't we have regulations to recall defective automotive products?
Dialogue: 0,0:46:04.38,0:46:06.30,Default,,0,0,0,,Such products can surely be recalled, can't they?
Dialogue: 0,0:46:06.30,0:46:11.74,Default,,0,0,0,,However, from 2004 to today how many times has this law been applied to these kinds of vehicles?
Dialogue: 0,0:46:11.74,0:46:12.86,Default,,0,0,0,,Not even once
Dialogue: 0,0:46:12.86,0:46:13.78,Default,,0,0,0,,Why?
Dialogue: 0,0:46:13.78,0:46:17.81,Default,,0,0,0,,This is the answer I got: "Only when the defects pose unreasonable danger
Dialogue: 0,0:46:17.81,0:46:22.02,Default,,0,0,0,,towards the safety of people or their property, can the product be recalled"
Dialogue: 0,0:46:22.02,0:46:25.02,Default,,0,0,0,,They say leaving environmental protection devices out has nothing to do with safety
Dialogue: 0,0:46:25.02,0:46:29.10,Default,,0,0,0,,It won't kill anyone, so there's no reason for a recall
Dialogue: 0,0:46:29.10,0:46:31.66,Default,,0,0,0,,Then do we have the right to impose fines or destroy noncompliant products?
Dialogue: 0,0:46:31.66,0:46:32.50,Default,,0,0,0,,We do
Dialogue: 0,0:46:32.50,0:46:34.34,Default,,0,0,0,,The "Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Act" states that:
Dialogue: 0,0:46:34.34,0:46:36.10,Default,,0,0,0,,You can make these factories stop illegal production
Dialogue: 0,0:46:36.10,0:46:38.10,Default,,0,0,0,,You can fine them, or confiscate and destroy their products
Dialogue: 0,0:46:38.10,0:46:40.94,Default,,0,0,0,,More than ten years have passed since 2002
Dialogue: 0,0:46:40.94,0:46:43.58,Default,,0,0,0,,How many times has this law been used?
Dialogue: 0,0:46:43.58,0:46:46.30,Default,,0,0,0,,Not even once
Dialogue: 0,0:46:46.30,0:46:47.18,Default,,0,0,0,,Why?
Dialogue: 0,0:46:47.18,0:46:48.70,Default,,0,0,0,,This is the answer I got
Dialogue: 0,0:46:48.70,0:46:53.50,Default,,0,0,0,,This law can only be enforced by the departments with the legal right of supervision
Dialogue: 0,0:46:53.50,0:46:57.66,Default,,0,0,0,,Everyone says, "I don't know which department that is."
Dialogue: 0,0:46:57.66,0:47:01.54,Default,,0,0,0,,Since there are only a few departments related to automotive management, I just called them one by one
Dialogue: 0,0:47:01.54,0:47:04.22,Default,,0,0,0,,First I asked the Ministry of Environmental Protection
Dialogue: 0,0:47:04.22,0:47:08.34,Default,,0,0,0,,They said: "As far as we know, it's not us."
Dialogue: 0,0:47:08.34,0:47:13.26,Default,,0,0,0,,Then I asked the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, they said: "It's definitely not us."
Dialogue: 0,0:47:13.26,0:47:15.90,Default,,0,0,0,,Then I asked the General Administration of Quality Supervision and Inspection, they said:
Dialogue: 0,0:47:15.90,0:47:18.54,Default,,0,0,0,,"It should be all three of us."
Dialogue: 0,0:47:18.54,0:47:20.38,Default,,0,0,0,,I think they do have a reason to be confused
Dialogue: 0,0:47:20.38,0:47:24.06,Default,,0,0,0,,Why doesn't the law just clarify who is in charge of this management?
Dialogue: 0,0:47:24.06,0:47:25.82,Default,,0,0,0,,I had to turn to the National People's Congress
Dialogue: 0,0:47:25.82,0:47:29.50,Default,,0,0,0,,So I called the NPC, and this was their reply:
Dialogue: 0,0:47:29.50,0:47:33.34,Default,,0,0,0,,"The issue of this law's execution is indeed unclear"
Dialogue: 0,0:47:33.34,0:47:35.54,Default,,0,0,0,,This is a very rare case in our legislative process
Dialogue: 0,0:47:35.54,0:47:38.99,Default,,0,0,0,,Why would it exist nowhere else but in Article 53 of the Law on Atmosphere?
Dialogue: 0,0:47:38.99,0:47:40.17,Default,,0,0,0,,Ding Yan - Director of MEP Vehicular Pollution Research Institute
Dialogue: 0,0:47:40.17,0:47:43.42,Default,,0,0,0,,We asked them (NPC) back then, "Why did you write the law like this, why not just let us take charge?
Dialogue: 0,0:47:43.42,0:47:47.26,Default,,0,0,0,,They replied that because when they were making this law, many departments opposed it
Dialogue: 0,0:47:47.26,0:47:50.14,Default,,0,0,0,,saying that the MEP should not be in charge, so the bill could not pass
Dialogue: 0,0:47:50.14,0:47:53.14,Default,,0,0,0,,In the end the NPC had to use a vague term to make it pass
Dialogue: 0,0:47:53.14,0:47:55.22,Default,,0,0,0,,So only departments with executive authority can enforce this law
Dialogue: 0,0:47:55.22,0:47:58.78,Default,,0,0,0,,It sounds like all three departments are responsible for supervision, but in reality we cannot control it
Dialogue: 0,0:47:58.78,0:48:01.14,Default,,0,0,0,,Their certificates are all valid, and so are the vehicles' types
Dialogue: 0,0:48:01.14,0:48:03.70,Default,,0,0,0,,The MEP issues them green labels of National Standard 4
Dialogue: 0,0:48:03.70,0:48:07.34,Default,,0,0,0,,but not a single department actually goes out and looks at the cars which are in fact only up to Standard 1
Dialogue: 0,0:48:07.34,0:48:10.54,Default,,0,0,0,,If you (the MEP) assert you have legal authority, no one can deny that, so why not just execute the law?
Dialogue: 0,0:48:10.54,0:48:13.82,Default,,0,0,0,,The MEP is indeed suspected of not doing its best, I admit this
Dialogue: 0,0:48:13.82,0:48:16.02,Default,,0,0,0,,The situation is that we didn't pursue this issue further
Dialogue: 0,0:48:16.02,0:48:18.90,Default,,0,0,0,,So after so many years your law enforcement powers are still completely toothless?
Dialogue: 0,0:48:18.90,0:48:21.94,Default,,0,0,0,,Nowadays I don't dare open my mouth out of fear that people will see I have no teeth
Dialogue: 0,0:48:21.94,0:48:24.36,Default,,0,0,0,,That's the awkward thing about the MEP's situation
Dialogue: 0,0:48:25.38,0:48:28.14,Default,,0,0,0,,This isn't just awkward for the MEP, truck companies are also in an awkward position
Dialogue: 0,0:48:28.14,0:48:30.38,Default,,0,0,0,,The truck company with fake emissions stickers said
Dialogue: 0,0:48:30.38,0:48:34.30,Default,,0,0,0,,If the MEP can enforce the law and impound those "fake" trucks
Dialogue: 0,0:48:34.30,0:48:36.46,Default,,0,0,0,,I guarantee we would build "real" trucks the very next day
Dialogue: 0,0:48:36.70,0:48:40.22,Default,,0,0,0,,Otherwise, if we build "real" trucks and others build "fake" trucks, we would be bankrupt tomorrow
Dialogue: 0,0:48:40.22,0:48:43.06,Default,,0,0,0,,So I asked Ding Yan, do you think this perspective is reasonable?
Dialogue: 0,0:48:43.06,0:48:44.14,Default,,0,0,0,,He said "Yes"
Dialogue: 0,0:48:44.14,0:48:46.90,Default,,0,0,0,,Not enforcing the law forces people to cheat
Dialogue: 0,0:48:47.90,0:48:53.86,Default,,0,0,0,,The truck company owner also said National Standard 4 has already been set and it applies to all new vehicles
Dialogue: 0,0:48:53.86,0:48:58.90,Default,,0,0,0,,But National Standard 4 compliant fuel is still scarce and the fuel quality is not as high as it should be
Dialogue: 0,0:48:58.90,0:49:03.06,Default,,0,0,0,,When we were in Yanqing and randomly checked this diesel truck
Dialogue: 0,0:49:03.06,0:49:07.46,Default,,0,0,0,,The diesel gas came from Beijing and was expected to be of high quality, the highest level in China
Dialogue: 0,0:49:07.46,0:49:10.35,Default,,0,0,0,,But when the diesel test results came out, the sulfur content
Dialogue: 0,0:49:10.35,0:49:13.10,Default,,0,0,0,,was 25 times higher than European, Japanese, and US diesel
Dialogue: 0,0:49:13.10,0:49:14.62,Default,,0,0,0,,That's the top level of quality
Dialogue: 0,0:49:14.62,0:49:17.38,Default,,0,0,0,,What about the quality of our gasoline?
Dialogue: 0,0:49:17.38,0:49:20.50,Default,,0,0,0,,This is a table I got from Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science
Dialogue: 0,0:49:20.50,0:49:24.54,Default,,0,0,0,,This table pains me every time I look at it because I cannot understand it at all
Dialogue: 0,0:49:24.54,0:49:26.26,Default,,0,0,0,,Fortunately they gave me the conclusion
Dialogue: 0,0:49:26.26,0:49:28.23,Default,,0,0,0,,This shows our national fuel quality is normally
Dialogue: 0,0:49:28.23,0:49:30.86,Default,,0,0,0,,two or three grades lower than fuel found in developed countries
Dialogue: 0,0:49:30.86,0:49:34.14,Default,,0,0,0,,If we can raise our national fuel quality by just one grade we can reduce emissions by 10%
Dialogue: 0,0:49:34.14,0:49:35.86,Default,,0,0,0,,It seems that we have some good fuel available in China
Dialogue: 0,0:49:35.86,0:49:39.98,Default,,0,0,0,,We have Standard 4 and higher quality fuel, but these only make up 3% of China's total fuels
Dialogue: 0,0:49:39.98,0:49:41.82,Default,,0,0,0,,This is Hangzhou's problem
Dialogue: 0,0:49:41.82,0:49:44.38,Default,,0,0,0,,Hangzhou has money and wants to buy high quality fuel
Dialogue: 0,0:49:44.38,0:49:46.58,Default,,0,0,0,,But until 2013 there was no high quality fuel available
Dialogue: 0,0:49:46.58,0:49:50.22,Default,,0,0,0,,Even after a huge effort the best you can manage is Standard 3 fuel
Dialogue: 0,0:49:50.22,0:49:55.06,Default,,0,0,0,,Even in Beijing, it looks like our sulfur content is on the same level as in Europe and America
Dialogue: 0,0:49:55.06,0:49:57.22,Default,,0,0,0,,But look at the four items in this box
Dialogue: 0,0:49:57.22,0:50:01.26,Default,,0,0,0,,These cryptic figures carry a hidden danger
Dialogue: 0,0:50:01.26,0:50:05.46,Default,,0,0,0,,They either increase oxidants in the atmosphere, creating more fine particulates, or increase toxicity
Dialogue: 0,0:50:05.46,0:50:07.86,Default,,0,0,0,,The last item is increasing evaporative pressure
Dialogue: 0,0:50:07.86,0:50:10.78,Default,,0,0,0,,it increases the rate of gasoline evaporation into the air
Dialogue: 0,0:50:10.78,0:50:13.54,Default,,0,0,0,,I originally thought, really, how much can it possibly evaporate?
Dialogue: 0,0:50:13.54,0:50:16.62,Default,,0,0,0,,Then the CRAES expert showed me this clip
Dialogue: 0,0:50:16.62,0:50:18.62,Default,,0,0,0,,This is filmed with an infrared camera
Dialogue: 0,0:50:18.62,0:50:21.96,Default,,0,0,0,,If gas stations don't install a part on the nozzle to recapture gasoline vapor
Dialogue: 0,0:50:21.96,0:50:23.46,Default,,0,0,0,,then this is how much can evaporate
Dialogue: 0,0:50:23.46,0:50:27.46,Default,,0,0,0,,1.5 grams for each liter of gasoline will go into our atmosphere
Dialogue: 0,0:50:27.46,0:50:31.10,Default,,0,0,0,,The gas in the tanks of the cars we all drive also evaporates in the same way
Dialogue: 0,0:50:31.10,0:50:32.58,Default,,0,0,0,,How strong is the evaporative power?
Dialogue: 0,0:50:32.58,0:50:42.02,Default,,0,0,0,,In Beijing, more airborne hydrocarbons come from evaporation than from car emissions
Dialogue: 0,0:50:42.02,0:50:45.46,Default,,0,0,0,,and these substances are a major component of PM2.5
Dialogue: 0,0:50:45.46,0:50:48.94,Default,,0,0,0,,So why don't we make the fuel cleaner right away?
Dialogue: 0,0:50:48.94,0:50:52.62,Default,,0,0,0,,The petrochemical industry told us this
Dialogue: 0,0:50:52.62,0:50:55.26,Default,,0,0,0,,The national standard is set too low
Dialogue: 0,0:50:55.26,0:50:57.22,Default,,0,0,0,,This sentence seems reasonable
Dialogue: 0,0:50:57.22,0:51:01.22,Default,,0,0,0,,How could you reasonably require companies to produce fuel that's better than the official standard? Right?
Dialogue: 0,0:51:01.22,0:51:06.06,Default,,0,0,0,,Then I asked the MEP and CRAES, the people involved in setting the standard
Dialogue: 0,0:51:06.06,0:51:08.18,Default,,0,0,0,,Why don't you set the standard higher?
Dialogue: 0,0:51:08.18,0:51:09.30,Default,,0,0,0,,This is the answer he gave me
Dialogue: 0,0:51:09.30,0:51:14.50,Default,,0,0,0,,The standards subcommittee is actually mostly... yes, mostly made up of people from the oil industry
Dialogue: 0,0:51:14.50,0:51:17.18,Default,,0,0,0,,About 67%
Dialogue: 0,0:51:17.18,0:51:19.98,Default,,0,0,0,,The full standards committee has even more, in the full committee, it's almost...
Dialogue: 0,0:51:19.98,0:51:22.58,Default,,0,0,0,,over 90%, as I recall, are people from this industry
Dialogue: 0,0:51:22.58,0:51:24.90,Default,,0,0,0,,The committee secretariat is also located in the petrochemical industry
Dialogue: 0,0:51:24.90,0:51:28.66,Default,,0,0,0,,Then the head of this standards committee is also a member of the petrochemical industry
Dialogue: 0,0:51:28.66,0:51:31.78,Default,,0,0,0,,I used to think you guys (in Environmental Protection) had a veto right
Dialogue: 0,0:51:32.94,0:51:35.58,Default,,0,0,0,,Yeah, you'd think so, right? (Since we're in) environmental protection?
Dialogue: 0,0:51:36.38,0:51:40.34,Default,,0,0,0,,This dark joke from Yue Xin left a very deep impression on me
Dialogue: 0,0:51:40.34,0:51:43.38,Default,,0,0,0,,He said, "The only time I felt like I even existed was when I came
Dialogue: 0,0:51:43.38,0:51:47.86,Default,,0,0,0,,in the door and wrote my name on the sign-in sheet, because before, I didn't even have a vote."
Dialogue: 0,0:51:47.86,0:51:50.98,Default,,0,0,0,,He said he and his colleagues will do everything they can to push for better fuel quality
Dialogue: 0,0:51:50.98,0:51:54.02,Default,,0,0,0,,But the oil fuel industry has always explained it like this:
Dialogue: 0,0:51:54.02,0:51:57.34,Default,,0,0,0,,Most of the fuel in our country is imported from the Middle East, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:51:57.34,0:52:00.14,Default,,0,0,0,,Well then, most oil from Iran, for example, is high in sulfur
Dialogue: 0,0:52:00.14,0:52:05.14,Default,,0,0,0,,In Tehran, they themselves are also facing problems caused by poor-quality fuel
Dialogue: 0,0:52:05.14,0:52:07.02,Default,,0,0,0,,The smog there is severe
Dialogue: 0,0:52:07.02,0:52:10.70,Default,,0,0,0,,But Iran's problem is they don't have the technology to improve fuel quality
Dialogue: 0,0:52:10.70,0:52:13.50,Default,,0,0,0,,Chinese companies, on the other hand, do have these techniques
Dialogue: 0,0:52:13.50,0:52:15.27,Default,,0,0,0,,Where is the split between government and industry?
Dialogue: 0,0:52:15.27,0:52:16.78,Default,,0,0,0,,Money
Dialogue: 0,0:52:16.78,0:52:21.62,Default,,0,0,0,,From Standard 3 to Standard 4, the MEP says 7 cents per liter is enough
Dialogue: 0,0:52:21.62,0:52:24.10,Default,,0,0,0,,The industry says: no, give me 50 cents
Dialogue: 0,0:52:24.10,0:52:29.18,Default,,0,0,0,,I say, both of you can sit down, show your expenses and calculate how much it should be, it's a simple thing
Dialogue: 0,0:52:29.18,0:52:30.66,Default,,0,0,0,,He had another wry smile
Dialogue: 0,0:52:30.66,0:52:34.86,Default,,0,0,0,,Don't say it's me, go ask the National Development and Reform Commission Economic Department and see
Dialogue: 0,0:52:34.86,0:52:35.62,Default,,0,0,0,,(Source: Anonymous NDRC official)
Dialogue: 0,0:52:35.62,0:52:36.66,Default,,0,0,0,,You can't control them
Dialogue: 0,0:52:36.66,0:52:39.42,Default,,0,0,0,,Say you have an only child, and this child is learning bad behavior
Dialogue: 0,0:52:39.42,0:52:41.30,Default,,0,0,0,,As his mother, what can you do?
Dialogue: 0,0:52:41.30,0:52:44.74,Default,,0,0,0,,All you can do is give him one good beating, but you can't beat him everyday
Dialogue: 0,0:52:44.74,0:52:47.38,Default,,0,0,0,,Somebody else may have 10 kids, so they won't make trouble
Dialogue: 0,0:52:47.38,0:52:48.62,Default,,0,0,0,,They are right in front of you
Dialogue: 0,0:52:48.62,0:52:50.78,Default,,0,0,0,,They don't pay us any mind, these deputy-level units
Dialogue: 0,0:52:50.78,0:52:52.78,Default,,0,0,0,,What can you do about it, are they going to pay any mind to you?
Dialogue: 0,0:52:52.78,0:52:55.26,Default,,0,0,0,,If your department doesn't raise the price this year, next year they'll come knocking
Dialogue: 0,0:52:55.26,0:52:57.46,Default,,0,0,0,,Are you going to raise it or not? If you don't, I'll cut off the supply
Dialogue: 0,0:53:00.90,0:53:04.78,Default,,0,0,0,,I didn't know whether to trust these things the MEP and NDRC said
Dialogue: 0,0:53:04.78,0:53:06.58,Default,,0,0,0,,Is it the truth? Does it have any basis in reality?
Dialogue: 0,0:53:06.58,0:53:07.70,Default,,0,0,0,,So I had to verify it
Dialogue: 0,0:53:07.70,0:53:10.78,Default,,0,0,0,,I reached out to the Head of the National Oil Fuel Standard Committee
Dialogue: 0,0:53:10.78,0:53:13.98,Default,,0,0,0,,and former Chief Engineer at China Petrochemical Corporation (Sinopec)
Dialogue: 0,0:53:13.98,0:53:14.98,Default,,0,0,0,,Mr. Cao Xianghong
Dialogue: 0,0:53:14.98,0:53:17.86,Default,,0,0,0,,Asking if I can meet him to chat and ask a few questions
Dialogue: 0,0:53:17.86,0:53:19.14,Default,,0,0,0,,He agreed
Dialogue: 0,0:53:19.52,0:53:23.58,Default,,0,0,0,,First Question: Why has the process of setting fuel standards been led by the oil industry?
Dialogue: 0,0:53:23.58,0:53:29.74,Default,,0,0,0,,If the majority of participants come from industry, this might be against the best interest of the public
Dialogue: 0,0:53:29.74,0:53:34.30,Default,,0,0,0,,When convening a committee to set petroleum product standards, you shouldn't be looking for
Dialogue: 0,0:53:34.30,0:53:36.70,Default,,0,0,0,,someone who doesn't understand the oil refining business
Dialogue: 0,0:53:36.70,0:53:38.82,Default,,0,0,0,,People from the MEP don't understand it?
Dialogue: 0,0:53:38.82,0:53:40.50,Default,,0,0,0,,The MEP, no, I don't believe they understand
Dialogue: 0,0:53:40.72,0:53:43.14,Default,,0,0,0,,Second Question: Who should set the standard?
Dialogue: 0,0:53:43.22,0:53:47.14,Default,,0,0,0,,If you set a standard, then when the time comes to improve it, you say it's impossible
Dialogue: 0,0:53:47.14,0:53:49.10,Default,,0,0,0,,then when the deadline arrives, you say you cannot provide fuel
Dialogue: 0,0:53:49.10,0:53:52.74,Default,,0,0,0,,Now you may have all sorts of reasons for this, but people may not believe you
Dialogue: 0,0:53:52.74,0:53:56.18,Default,,0,0,0,,But if Sinopec doesn't take the lead in drafting this who else is there to draft it?
Dialogue: 0,0:53:56.18,0:53:59.63,Default,,0,0,0,,Well firstly, some countries' environmental protection agencies have people who understand the industry
Dialogue: 0,0:53:59.63,0:54:00.10,Default,,0,0,0,,Yes
Dialogue: 0,0:54:00.10,0:54:02.13,Default,,0,0,0,,Second, before they submit the draft
Dialogue: 0,0:54:02.13,0:54:06.82,Default,,0,0,0,,they take plenty of time with industry people to understand, communicate and debate
Dialogue: 0,0:54:07.46,0:54:12.78,Default,,0,0,0,,At the very end, their health reports, economic reports, these are all provided in full to the committee
Dialogue: 0,0:54:12.78,0:54:15.86,Default,,0,0,0,,And then through an open, public process, they let everyone judge it for themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:54:15.86,0:54:19.30,Default,,0,0,0,,They all have opportunities to express their opinions and debate with one another
Dialogue: 0,0:54:19.30,0:54:22.30,Default,,0,0,0,,If it's done with this method, do you think you could consider accepting that?
Dialogue: 0,0:54:22.30,0:54:26.18,Default,,0,0,0,,I could accept that... I've wanted to give up this Standards Committee chairmanship for quite a long time
Dialogue: 0,0:54:26.18,0:54:26.66,Default,,0,0,0,,Really?
Dialogue: 0,0:54:26.66,0:54:27.30,Default,,0,0,0,,Really
Dialogue: 0,0:54:27.30,0:54:29.82,Default,,0,0,0,,People on the outside say, "You're too partial to Sinopec."
Dialogue: 0,0:54:29.82,0:54:32.30,Default,,0,0,0,,But then Sinopec says, "Stop biting the hand that feeds you."
Dialogue: 0,0:54:32.30,0:54:33.54,Default,,0,0,0,,You can't satisfy everyone
Dialogue: 0,0:54:33.54,0:54:36.16,Default,,0,0,0,,Third Question: Why won't you publicize the costs of upgrading our fuel?
Dialogue: 0,0:54:36.22,0:54:40.98,Default,,0,0,0,,Can you publish either your input costs or upgrade costs, and show it to the public?
Dialogue: 0,0:54:40.98,0:54:45.46,Default,,0,0,0,,In society nowadays, naturally when it comes to Sinopec, or the China National Petroleum Corporation
Dialogue: 0,0:54:45.46,0:54:47.54,Default,,0,0,0,,people have a feeling of mistrust
Dialogue: 0,0:54:47.54,0:54:48.90,Default,,0,0,0,,Do you feel this mistrust–
Dialogue: 0,0:54:48.90,0:54:50.50,Default,,0,0,0,,Many people don't bother with rational discussion
Dialogue: 0,0:54:50.50,0:54:54.66,Default,,0,0,0,,if there is some tiny flaw, they will blow it up into something huge, it just makes matters worse
Dialogue: 0,0:54:54.66,0:54:56.06,Default,,0,0,0,,It's better to not say anything at all
Dialogue: 0,0:54:56.23,0:54:58.90,Default,,0,0,0,,Fourth Question: Can we raise the standard and force a fuel upgrade?
Dialogue: 0,0:54:58.94,0:55:04.78,Default,,0,0,0,,Many people will say why don't we raise the standard a bit and force improvement in the fuel quality?
Dialogue: 0,0:55:04.78,0:55:08.94,Default,,0,0,0,,If there were an interruption to the fuel supply resulting in social instability
Dialogue: 0,0:55:08.94,0:55:10.22,Default,,0,0,0,,There would be turmoil in our society
Dialogue: 0,0:55:10.22,0:55:13.74,Default,,0,0,0,,Then would it be possible to fully open the market for finished petroleum products?
Dialogue: 0,0:55:13.74,0:55:15.94,Default,,0,0,0,,That would eliminate the possibility of interruptions to the fuel supply
Dialogue: 0,0:55:15.94,0:55:18.38,Default,,0,0,0,,If it wasn't done right, it could be a disaster
Dialogue: 0,0:55:18.38,0:55:20.74,Default,,0,0,0,,Not every Tom, Dick, and Harry can run a fuel company
Dialogue: 0,0:55:20.74,0:55:23.74,Default,,0,0,0,,Then he might think why can only Sinopec and CNPC make money?
Dialogue: 0,0:55:23.74,0:55:25.06,Default,,0,0,0,,Everybody else can make money too
Dialogue: 0,0:55:25.06,0:55:26.54,Default,,0,0,0,,Yes, everybody can make money
Dialogue: 0,0:55:26.54,0:55:31.06,Default,,0,0,0,,So I agree with deepening reform and gradual opening up
Dialogue: 0,0:55:31.06,0:55:33.74,Default,,0,0,0,,If the government wants to decide and push through this kind of reform
Dialogue: 0,0:55:33.74,0:55:36.86,Default,,0,0,0,,Then they should do some research first and find out what kind of risks there might be
Dialogue: 0,0:55:36.86,0:55:39.95,Default,,0,0,0,,Fifth Question: Can [oil companies] take on more social responsibility?
Dialogue: 0,0:55:40.02,0:55:44.50,Default,,0,0,0,,Many people will say, Sinopec is already a Fortune 500 global company
Dialogue: 0,0:55:44.50,0:55:47.78,Default,,0,0,0,,It's just announced an income of 2 trillion RMB ($319 billion) last year
Dialogue: 0,0:55:47.78,0:55:51.22,Default,,0,0,0,,It's a large state-owned company
Dialogue: 0,0:55:51.22,0:55:56.90,Default,,0,0,0,,So, when it comes to environmental issues why can't it take on more of its own social responsibility?
Dialogue: 0,0:55:59.30,0:56:01.34,Default,,0,0,0,,Sinopec is huge
Dialogue: 0,0:56:01.34,0:56:03.14,Default,,0,0,0,,Like a person
Dialogue: 0,0:56:03.14,0:56:04.74,Default,,0,0,0,,Very big
Dialogue: 0,0:56:04.74,0:56:06.82,Default,,0,0,0,,But it's all fat and no muscle
Dialogue: 0,0:56:06.82,0:56:11.78,Default,,0,0,0,,Petroleum companies all over the world will try to protect the interests of their industry
Dialogue: 0,0:56:11.78,0:56:14.70,Default,,0,0,0,,That's the nature of a corporation and it's not going to change
Dialogue: 0,0:56:14.70,0:56:17.90,Default,,0,0,0,,We wanted to know in other countries, who sets the fuel standards?
Dialogue: 0,0:56:17.90,0:56:21.50,Default,,0,0,0,,This is our conclusion so far:
Dialogue: 0,0:56:21.50,0:56:25.29,Default,,0,0,0,,In Australia, Korea, Japan, Mexico, and Canada
Dialogue: 0,0:56:25.29,0:56:28.04,Default,,0,0,0,,environmental agencies are basically in charge of setting the standards
Dialogue: 0,0:56:28.04,0:56:32.22,Default,,0,0,0,,Even in the EU, where the European Standards Committee decides, they hear from industry associations
Dialogue: 0,0:56:32.22,0:56:36.34,Default,,0,0,0,,But there's never been a case when the petrochemical industry actually led the standards process
Dialogue: 0,0:56:37.62,0:56:42.54,Default,,0,0,0,,But why are fuel quality standards in China set by the oil industry?
Dialogue: 0,0:56:42.54,0:56:45.46,Default,,0,0,0,,Each country's choice is rooted in its history
Dialogue: 0,0:56:45.46,0:56:49.02,Default,,0,0,0,,In the 1960s, China was facing an extreme gasoline shortage
Dialogue: 0,0:56:49.02,0:56:52.94,Default,,0,0,0,,Buses on Chang'an Street, Beijing's busiest street, carried big bags of diesel on the roof during operation
Dialogue: 0,0:56:52.94,0:56:55.82,Default,,0,0,0,,We were a long way from worrying about environmental standards for gasoline
Dialogue: 0,0:56:55.82,0:56:59.91,Default,,0,0,0,,The MEP didn't exist at the time, so the Petrochemical Research Institute
Dialogue: 0,0:56:59.91,0:57:03.06,Default,,0,0,0,,under the Ministry of Petroleum regulated fuel standards
Dialogue: 0,0:57:03.06,0:57:06.30,Default,,0,0,0,,In 1983 as part of institutional reforms, the Ministry of Petroleum was dissolved
Dialogue: 0,0:57:06.30,0:57:08.90,Default,,0,0,0,,and the Petrochemical Research Institute became a department of Sinopec
Dialogue: 0,0:57:08.90,0:57:12.46,Default,,0,0,0,,With that, the government ministry's role in regulating fuel standards was handed to a corporation
Dialogue: 0,0:57:12.46,0:57:15.46,Default,,0,0,0,,In the year 2005, the first Chinese Petrochemical Standards Committee was founded
Dialogue: 0,0:57:15.46,0:57:18.22,Default,,0,0,0,,and the oil industry naturally took on a leading role in the group
Dialogue: 0,0:57:18.22,0:57:23.06,Default,,0,0,0,,For the past ten years China has been faced with soaring needs for both fuel quality and fuel quantity
Dialogue: 0,0:57:23.06,0:57:26.34,Default,,0,0,0,,China faces an unprecedented challenge with pressing needs in both respects
Dialogue: 0,0:57:26.34,0:57:28.94,Default,,0,0,0,,As the Chinese economy develops further, environmental protection is receiving more attention
Dialogue: 0,0:57:28.94,0:57:34.90,Default,,0,0,0,,With the Chinese public calling for higher fuel standards real changes have been made within the CPSC
Dialogue: 0,0:57:34.90,0:57:37.74,Default,,0,0,0,,Although members from the oil industries still make up over half of the committee
Dialogue: 0,0:57:37.74,0:57:41.62,Default,,0,0,0,,the number of members from outside the oil industry has increased during the past two years
Dialogue: 0,0:57:41.62,0:57:43.86,Default,,0,0,0,,The committee has also set up a voting system
Dialogue: 0,0:57:43.86,0:57:46.91,Default,,0,0,0,,In the end, each country's standards for oil and gasoline quality
Dialogue: 0,0:57:46.91,0:57:50.02,Default,,0,0,0,,emerge from balancing the needs of the economy and the environment
Dialogue: 0,0:57:50.02,0:57:53.38,Default,,0,0,0,,Future changes to the CPSC will emerge from this balancing act
Dialogue: 0,0:57:57.38,0:58:00.52,Default,,0,0,0,,In China, in addition to the low oil standards there is
Dialogue: 0,0:58:00.52,0:58:04.46,Default,,0,0,0,,another problem that I could never have imagined before I started out
Dialogue: 0,0:58:04.46,0:58:08.82,Default,,0,0,0,,That is, half of the oil in China is completely unregulated
Dialogue: 0,0:58:08.82,0:58:12.90,Default,,0,0,0,,Out of the world's top ten ports, seven are in China
Dialogue: 0,0:58:12.90,0:58:17.82,Default,,0,0,0,,Ocean-going cargo vessels cause so much pollution that within 400 meters of the coast
Dialogue: 0,0:58:17.82,0:58:20.98,Default,,0,0,0,,emissions from ships are equivalent to emissions from 500,000 trucks
Dialogue: 0,0:58:20.98,0:58:25.46,Default,,0,0,0,,So, in Shenzhen, 60% of the sulfur dioxide is from ships
Dialogue: 0,0:58:25.46,0:58:28.90,Default,,0,0,0,,Maybe you don't live by a harbor, but you do live by a river
Dialogue: 0,0:58:28.90,0:58:34.14,Default,,0,0,0,,There are more than 200,000 boats like this in China burning heavy oil of the lowest quality
Dialogue: 0,0:58:34.14,0:58:35.62,Default,,0,0,0,,How polluting can it get?
Dialogue: 0,0:58:35.62,0:58:38.98,Default,,0,0,0,,At some harbors, you can even pick up grains of black carbon with your hand
Dialogue: 0,0:58:38.98,0:58:41.46,Default,,0,0,0,,Or maybe you live near an airport
Dialogue: 0,0:58:41.46,0:58:46.02,Default,,0,0,0,,When a plane takes off, that's one ton of kerosene burned and when it lands, that's another ton
Dialogue: 0,0:58:46.02,0:58:50.86,Default,,0,0,0,,So, at Baiyun Airport in Guangzhou, the daily emissions are equivalent to emissions from 600,000 taxis
Dialogue: 0,0:58:52.46,0:58:56.58,Default,,0,0,0,,Maybe you don't live by a harbor, along a river, or near an airport
Dialogue: 0,0:58:56.58,0:58:58.90,Default,,0,0,0,,but you've certainly seen vehicles like this
Dialogue: 0,0:58:58.90,0:59:01.06,Default,,0,0,0,,These are construction vehicles
Dialogue: 0,0:59:01.06,0:59:04.86,Default,,0,0,0,,Once in Hebei province I saw one of these and I thought something up ahead was on fire
Dialogue: 0,0:59:04.86,0:59:07.62,Default,,0,0,0,,When I overtook it on the road, I realized it was the source of that black smoke
Dialogue: 0,0:59:07.62,0:59:10.32,Default,,0,0,0,,Then we followed it into a village
Dialogue: 0,0:59:10.32,0:59:12.90,Default,,0,0,0,,The entrance of the village looked like this (Sign: Diesel)
Dialogue: 0,0:59:12.90,0:59:18.02,Default,,0,0,0,,We saw a small room at the entrance with villagers playing mahjong and selling lottery tickets
Dialogue: 0,0:59:18.02,0:59:20.30,Default,,0,0,0,,They sold diesel and coal slurry, too
Dialogue: 0,0:59:20.30,0:59:22.50,Default,,0,0,0,,I had no idea where the diesel came from
Dialogue: 0,0:59:22.50,0:59:28.10,Default,,0,0,0,,I was with some officials from the MEP and they suggested we should go investigate
Dialogue: 0,0:59:28.10,0:59:33.70,Default,,0,0,0,,So they bought a diesel can on the spot and then went into the nearest privately-owned gas station
Dialogue: 0,0:59:33.70,0:59:36.18,Default,,0,0,0,,I was the last one out of the car and by the time I got out
Dialogue: 0,0:59:36.18,0:59:39.01,Default,,0,0,0,,the official's government ID had already been taken away by the station owner
Dialogue: 0,0:59:39.84,0:59:42.97,Default,,0,0,0,,Station Owner: You... you guys... what do you want...
Dialogue: 0,0:59:42.97,0:59:44.98,Default,,0,0,0,,I'm... I'm not giving (your ID) back
Dialogue: 0,0:59:44.98,0:59:46.91,Default,,0,0,0,,Environment Officer: (We are from) the EPB enforcement
Dialogue: 0,0:59:46.91,0:59:48.16,Default,,0,0,0,,EPB enforcement? What are you doing here?
Dialogue: 0,0:59:48.16,0:59:49.57,Default,,0,0,0,,This is a random inspection
Dialogue: 0,0:59:49.57,0:59:51.12,Default,,0,0,0,,You... You want to inspect? Inspect what...?
Dialogue: 0,0:59:51.12,0:59:53.00,Default,,0,0,0,,No... What right do you EPB guys have to take samples for investigation...
Dialogue: 0,0:59:53.00,0:59:54.00,Default,,0,0,0,,EPB... do... do... do... do you even have...?
Dialogue: 0,0:59:54.00,0:59:55.12,Default,,0,0,0,,We're going to run a test
Dialogue: 0,0:59:55.12,0:59:56.81,Default,,0,0,0,,No no no... You EPB guys have... what is this...
Dialogue: 0,0:59:56.81,0:59:58.93,Default,,0,0,0,,Yes, yes, of course we have the authority to monitor diesel quality
Dialogue: 0,0:59:58.93,0:59:59.94,Default,,0,0,0,,there is... the Technical Monitoring Authority...
Dialogue: 0,0:59:59.94,1:00:01.98,Default,,0,0,0,,Diesel Quality Monitoring Authority... governed by the Oil Union Authority
Dialogue: 0,1:00:01.98,1:00:02.98,Default,,0,0,0,,The EPB has the authority too
Dialogue: 0,1:00:02.98,1:00:04.98,Default,,0,0,0,,Environmental Protection... This is the first time I've heard of it, what does the EPB care?
Dialogue: 0,1:00:04.98,1:00:07.83,Default,,0,0,0,,Let me tell you... you... take... take... take the sample... take a prepared sample
Dialogue: 0,1:00:07.83,1:00:10.68,Default,,0,0,0,,Yes... there is this... Technical Monitoring Authority... there is this... that...
Dialogue: 0,1:00:10.68,1:00:12.44,Default,,0,0,0,,Yes... there's the "Air Pollution Prevention Act"
Dialogue: 0,1:00:12.44,1:00:13.73,Default,,0,0,0,,"Air Pollution Prevention Act?"
Dialogue: 0,1:00:13.73,1:00:15.22,Default,,0,0,0,,"The EPB has the obligation and authority..."
Dialogue: 0,1:00:15.22,1:00:18.53,Default,,0,0,0,,You... have the obligation... you have the obligation, but not the authority
Dialogue: 0,1:00:19.02,1:00:22.74,Default,,0,0,0,,When the owner finished that sentence each of us was left speechless
Dialogue: 0,1:00:22.74,1:00:26.10,Default,,0,0,0,,All we could do was take our diesel can and leave
Dialogue: 0,1:00:26.10,1:00:28.38,Default,,0,0,0,,He'd put it so ruthlessly
Dialogue: 0,1:00:28.38,1:00:30.90,Default,,0,0,0,,From coal, to oil, and on down the list
Dialogue: 0,1:00:30.90,1:00:33.58,Default,,0,0,0,,We consume so much coal and oil
Dialogue: 0,1:00:33.58,1:00:36.62,Default,,0,0,0,,Our coal and oil quality is relatively low
Dialogue: 0,1:00:36.62,1:00:41.02,Default,,0,0,0,,We don't do enough to clean it and when we emit, we don't regulate that enough either
Dialogue: 0,1:00:41.02,1:00:44.82,Default,,0,0,0,,All along, I have wanted to know why until this gas station owner
Dialogue: 0,1:00:44.82,1:00:49.34,Default,,0,0,0,,Without even realizing it himself, in a single sentence cut straight to the heart of the matter
Dialogue: 0,1:00:55.17,1:00:56.30,Default,,0,0,0,,Less than half of our coal is washed
Dialogue: 0,1:00:56.30,1:00:57.14,Default,,0,0,0,,There are no restrictions
Dialogue: 0,1:00:57.14,1:00:57.86,Default,,0,0,0,,There are no standards
Dialogue: 0,1:00:57.86,1:00:59.02,Default,,0,0,0,,There are no national regulations
Dialogue: 0,1:00:59.20,1:01:00.09,Default,,0,0,0,,Requirements for coal washing: none
Dialogue: 0,1:01:00.14,1:01:02.46,Default,,0,0,0,,What about the steel industry in Hebei?
Dialogue: 0,1:01:02.46,1:01:05.42,Default,,0,0,0,,It's reached the point where nothing can stop them
Dialogue: 0,1:01:05.42,1:01:06.70,Default,,0,0,0,,Polluting companies: unstoppable
Dialogue: 0,1:01:06.70,1:01:08.94,Default,,0,0,0,,The operators of this truck have not been fined
Dialogue: 0,1:01:08.94,1:01:11.32,Default,,0,0,0,,No penalties have been applied in 14 years? No, never
Dialogue: 0,1:01:11.32,1:01:13.14,Default,,0,0,0,,Over-emitting vehicles: responsibility unclear, cannot be recalled
Dialogue: 0,1:01:13.14,1:01:14.90,Default,,0,0,0,,Over 90% are individuals from the petrochemical industry
Dialogue: 0,1:01:14.90,1:01:17.42,Default,,0,0,0,,I don't think the environmental protection authorities understand
Dialogue: 0,1:01:17.42,1:01:18.34,Default,,0,0,0,,Petroleum standards: unregulatable
Dialogue: 0,1:01:18.34,1:01:19.98,Default,,0,0,0,,This is the conundrum of environmental protection
Dialogue: 0,1:01:19.98,1:01:21.46,Default,,0,0,0,,Now I don't dare open my mouth
Dialogue: 0,1:01:21.46,1:01:22.74,Default,,0,0,0,,I fear that people will see I have no teeth
Dialogue: 0,1:01:22.74,1:01:24.74,Default,,0,0,0,,The EPD has the authority and obligation
Dialogue: 0,1:01:24.74,1:01:26.90,Default,,0,0,0,,You have the obligation, but not the authority
Dialogue: 0,1:01:26.90,1:01:28.90,Default,,0,0,0,,Petroleum product quality: no inspection authority
Dialogue: 0,1:01:28.90,1:01:30.90,Default,,0,0,0,,"Isn't that the conundrum of environmental protection?"
Dialogue: 0,1:01:31.02,1:01:36.82,Default,,0,0,0,,So one night there was an environmental protection professional who sent me this photo
Dialogue: 0,1:01:38.86,1:01:41.82,Default,,0,0,0,,This is a photo taken in 1999
Dialogue: 0,1:01:41.82,1:01:43.22,Default,,0,0,0,,He graduated from university that year
Dialogue: 0,1:01:43.22,1:01:46.74,Default,,0,0,0,,He said he was motivated by a calling, so he went to work for the Environmental Protection Bureau
Dialogue: 0,1:01:46.74,1:01:48.62,Default,,0,0,0,,He wanted to make a difference
Dialogue: 0,1:01:48.62,1:01:54.74,Default,,0,0,0,,He said, "Sometimes, I feel like I'm nothing more than a mascot."
Dialogue: 0,1:01:54.74,1:01:55.74,Default,,0,0,0,,So I tried to console him
Dialogue: 0,1:01:55.74,1:01:57.54,Default,,0,0,0,,I asked, "Why do you think so?"
Dialogue: 0,1:01:57.54,1:02:03.58,Default,,0,0,0,,He said, "You are an investigative reporter you must know this better than me"
Dialogue: 0,1:02:03.58,1:02:06.54,Default,,0,0,0,,2004 interview: Ren Baoming - Legal representative, Hongta Coal Washing & Coking Factory
Dialogue: 0,1:02:06.54,1:02:09.06,Default,,0,0,0,,Suppose you didn't get government approval for land use, would you still build?
Dialogue: 0,1:02:10.42,1:02:11.38,Default,,0,0,0,,We wouldn't dare
Dialogue: 0,1:02:11.94,1:02:14.78,Default,,0,0,0,,What about the Administration for Industry and Commerce, or the Taxation Bureau
Dialogue: 0,1:02:14.78,1:02:15.54,Default,,0,0,0,,Would you still build?
Dialogue: 0,1:02:15.54,1:02:16.90,Default,,0,0,0,,No, no
Dialogue: 0,1:02:16.90,1:02:18.50,Default,,0,0,0,,So why, when you don't have EPB approval, it's all fine?
Dialogue: 0,1:02:18.50,1:02:20.42,Default,,0,0,0,,We should have EPB approval
Dialogue: 0,1:02:20.42,1:02:20.98,Default,,0,0,0,,We ought to
Dialogue: 0,1:02:20.98,1:02:21.94,Default,,0,0,0,,Eventually, we will get it
Dialogue: 0,1:02:22.74,1:02:23.82,Default,,0,0,0,,Eventually, we will get it
Dialogue: 0,1:02:23.82,1:02:24.54,Default,,0,0,0,,Exactly
Dialogue: 0,1:02:24.54,1:02:26.24,Default,,0,0,0,,Zeng Shumao - Bureau Chief, Xiaoyi City EPB, Shanxi
Dialogue: 0,1:02:26.24,1:02:28.61,Default,,0,0,0,,Did you know about these situations?
Dialogue: 0,1:02:28.61,1:02:32.86,Default,,0,0,0,,We have taken steps On-site checking, inquiries and records then impose a penalty
Dialogue: 0,1:02:32.86,1:02:35.74,Default,,0,0,0,,But the fact is he still went ahead and built, and even went into production
Dialogue: 0,1:02:36.18,1:02:38.30,Default,,0,0,0,,We finished the procedure that was required
Dialogue: 0,1:02:38.30,1:02:40.10,Default,,0,0,0,,We issued the Letter of Penalty that was required
Dialogue: 0,1:02:41.18,1:02:43.82,Default,,0,0,0,,There is nothing we can do if the enterprises do not stop
Dialogue: 0,1:02:43.82,1:02:44.90,Default,,0,0,0,,This is a kind of helplessness
Dialogue: 0,1:02:44.90,1:02:47.18,Default,,0,0,0,,Then what you've got here should be considered illegal construction
Dialogue: 0,1:02:47.70,1:02:49.78,Default,,0,0,0,,Oh well, it's hard to find factories that do not violate regulations
Dialogue: 0,1:02:49.78,1:02:51.32,Default,,0,0,0,,Zhang Xuguang - Mayor, Xiaoyi City, Shanxi
Dialogue: 0,1:02:51.32,1:02:54.81,Default,,0,0,0,,The government's attitude towards coal coking is always cool-headed
Dialogue: 0,1:02:54.81,1:02:59.18,Default,,0,0,0,,After we took steps, previous trends were stopped by us
Dialogue: 0,1:02:59.18,1:03:00.50,Default,,0,0,0,,They were stopped
Dialogue: 0,1:03:00.50,1:03:03.54,Default,,0,0,0,,If they stopped, why are there more than 30 projects still violating regulations?
Dialogue: 0,1:03:03.54,1:03:07.42,Default,,0,0,0,,As the Xiaoyi municipal government, our attitude is clear and firm
Dialogue: 0,1:03:07.42,1:03:08.90,Default,,0,0,0,,If your attitude is clear and firm
Dialogue: 0,1:03:08.90,1:03:11.82,Default,,0,0,0,,Then not one of these unlawful projects should have been started
Dialogue: 0,1:03:12.98,1:03:15.26,Default,,0,0,0,,Liu Xiangdong - Bureau Chief, Shanxi Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau
Dialogue: 0,1:03:15.26,1:03:18.86,Default,,0,0,0,,This cat, it's the local government's cat
Dialogue: 0,1:03:18.86,1:03:23.62,Default,,0,0,0,,Whether this cat can catch mice or not and how many mice it can catch, is decided by the local government
Dialogue: 0,1:03:23.62,1:03:24.74,Default,,0,0,0,,It is not decided by the EPB
Dialogue: 0,1:03:24.74,1:03:29.62,Default,,0,0,0,,We walked for hundreds of meters along the coastline and saw the same black chemical silt
Dialogue: 0,1:03:29.62,1:03:31.98,Default,,0,0,0,,We could smell 4-5 different kinds of chemicals
Dialogue: 0,1:03:31.98,1:03:35.60,Default,,0,0,0,,The odor here is the kind of smell that stings your nose, what is that?
Dialogue: 0,1:03:35.60,1:03:37.57,Default,,0,0,0,,Chen Zhiming - Vice General Manager, Zhejiang Haizheng Pharmaceutical
Dialogue: 0,1:03:37.57,1:03:39.42,Default,,0,0,0,,My sense of smell may not be as sensitive as yours
Dialogue: 0,1:03:40.22,1:03:41.66,Default,,0,0,0,,You said that you cannot smell it
Dialogue: 0,1:03:44.38,1:03:49.58,Default,,0,0,0,,My sensitivity is not as good as yours
Dialogue: 0,1:03:52.58,1:03:56.26,Default,,0,0,0,,If you cut all the costs of environmental protection measures from producing one ton of steel
Dialogue: 0,1:03:56.26,1:04:00.14,Default,,0,0,0,,you could save 100 RMB ($16) per ton
Dialogue: 0,1:04:00.14,1:04:03.58,Default,,0,0,0,,For one ton of coal, you could save 156 RMB ($25)
Dialogue: 0,1:04:03.58,1:04:08.62,Default,,0,0,0,,On one truck, if you avoid installing any environmental protection equipment you can save 20,000 RMB ($3,200)
Dialogue: 0,1:04:08.62,1:04:13.66,Default,,0,0,0,,If you avoid upgrading petroleum products by a single grade you can save 50 billion RMB ($8 billion)
Dialogue: 0,1:04:13.66,1:04:16.94,Default,,0,0,0,,10 years ago I asked what the smell in the air was
Dialogue: 0,1:04:16.94,1:04:19.38,Default,,0,0,0,,I received no answer
Dialogue: 0,1:04:19.38,1:04:21.62,Default,,0,0,0,,Now I know
Dialogue: 0,1:04:21.62,1:04:24.58,Default,,0,0,0,,It's the stink of money
Dialogue: 0,1:04:24.58,1:04:28.38,Default,,0,0,0,,In that interview I recorded years ago the local secretary said to me:
Dialogue: 0,1:04:28.38,1:04:32.42,Default,,0,0,0,,"You absolutely must film my achievements in pollution management!"
Dialogue: 0,1:04:32.42,1:04:34.30,Default,,0,0,0,,So he made me film this clip
Dialogue: 0,1:04:39.34,1:04:42.74,Default,,0,0,0,,He was quite satisfied and said
Dialogue: 0,1:04:42.74,1:04:47.14,Default,,0,0,0,,"Miss Chai, I demolished this smokestack especially for you!"
Dialogue: 0,1:04:47.14,1:04:48.98,Default,,0,0,0,,3 years later, I went there again
Dialogue: 0,1:04:48.98,1:04:52.10,Default,,0,0,0,,An even larger smokestack had been built in the same place
Dialogue: 0,1:04:52.10,1:04:53.54,Default,,0,0,0,,Actually, smoke scrubbers were installed
Dialogue: 0,1:04:53.54,1:04:55.78,Default,,0,0,0,,But when I asked: "Have the scrubbers ever been used?"
Dialogue: 0,1:04:55.78,1:04:57.86,Default,,0,0,0,,The manager rubbed his hands together, and answered, "Yes... Soon, soon."
Dialogue: 0,1:05:00.06,1:05:01.62,Default,,0,0,0,,At that time the local secretary said to me:
Dialogue: 0,1:05:01.62,1:05:03.74,Default,,0,0,0,,"Everyone tells me, 'Environmental Protection, Environmental Protection...'
Dialogue: 0,1:05:03.74,1:05:07.50,Default,,0,0,0,,Let me ask you, who would dare slow down China's economic development?"
Dialogue: 0,1:05:07.50,1:05:11.90,Default,,0,0,0,,I was also keen to know the answer, so 10 years later I visited a steel market in Hebei Province
Dialogue: 0,1:05:13.38,1:05:16.54,Default,,0,0,0,,When I went in it was quite empty
Dialogue: 0,1:05:16.54,1:05:20.30,Default,,0,0,0,,The raw steel was already rusting, hidden in the wild grass
Dialogue: 0,1:05:20.30,1:05:22.78,Default,,0,0,0,,Some of it had even become birds' nests
Dialogue: 0,1:05:22.78,1:05:25.38,Default,,0,0,0,,I asked this young steel salesman:
Dialogue: 0,1:05:25.38,1:05:26.90,Default,,0,0,0,,"How is your business?"
Dialogue: 0,1:05:26.90,1:05:29.66,Default,,0,0,0,,He replied: "Do you see any trucks coming to carry the steel?"
Dialogue: 0,1:05:29.66,1:05:34.46,Default,,0,0,0,,He said, "So many steel enterprises all produce completely identical, low-end products
Dialogue: 0,1:05:34.46,1:05:37.94,Default,,0,0,0,,They compete with each other only on the basis of quantity and price
Dialogue: 0,1:05:37.94,1:05:40.06,Default,,0,0,0,,At this point I'd rather be selling cabbages!"
Dialogue: 0,1:05:41.70,1:05:45.70,Default,,0,0,0,,When we produce one ton of steel how many resources will we consume?
Dialogue: 0,1:05:47.58,1:05:49.02,Default,,0,0,0,,600 kilograms of coal
Dialogue: 0,1:05:49.02,1:05:50.38,Default,,0,0,0,,3 to 6 tons of water
Dialogue: 0,1:05:50.38,1:05:51.70,Default,,0,0,0,,And what pollutants will we emit?
Dialogue: 0,1:05:51.70,1:05:53.06,Default,,0,0,0,,1.53 kilograms of sulfur dioxide
Dialogue: 0,1:05:53.06,1:05:54.78,Default,,0,0,0,,1 kilogram of smoke and soot
Dialogue: 0,1:05:54.78,1:05:58.74,Default,,0,0,0,,And what is the profit for producing one ton of steel?
Dialogue: 0,1:05:58.74,1:05:59.74,Default,,0,0,0,,You can take a guess
Dialogue: 0,1:06:02.22,1:06:03.06,Default,,0,0,0,,How much?
Dialogue: 0,1:06:04.26,1:06:05.30,Default,,0,0,0,,RMB 1000 ($160)?
Dialogue: 0,1:06:06.58,1:06:09.18,Default,,0,0,0,,Not even enough to buy a pickled egg
Dialogue: 0,1:06:09.18,1:06:14.22,Default,,0,0,0,,In 2014, profit from one ton of steel was less than 2 RMB ($0.30)
Dialogue: 0,1:06:14.22,1:06:16.10,Default,,0,0,0,,What about when we burn one ton of coal?
Dialogue: 0,1:06:16.10,1:06:18.34,Default,,0,0,0,,How much pollution will we release?
Dialogue: 0,1:06:18.34,1:06:19.58,Default,,0,0,0,,1.53 kilograms of sulfur dioxide
Dialogue: 0,1:06:19.58,1:06:21.02,Default,,0,0,0,,3 to 9 kilograms of nitrogen dioxide
Dialogue: 0,1:06:21.02,1:06:22.38,Default,,0,0,0,,2 kilograms of carbon monoxide
Dialogue: 0,1:06:22.38,1:06:23.54,Default,,0,0,0,,9-11 kilograms of soot
Dialogue: 0,1:06:23.54,1:06:27.70,Default,,0,0,0,,Can you guess how much profit there is in one ton of coal?
Dialogue: 0,1:06:27.70,1:06:29.98,Default,,0,0,0,,Two pickled eggs?
Dialogue: 0,1:06:29.98,1:06:31.98,Default,,0,0,0,,You're still overestimating
Dialogue: 0,1:06:31.98,1:06:35.30,Default,,0,0,0,,You couldn't even afford a soda
Dialogue: 0,1:06:35.30,1:06:40.46,Default,,0,0,0,,Of our 36 different heavy industries, 22 are in serious overproduction
Dialogue: 0,1:06:40.46,1:06:43.58,Default,,0,0,0,,Mr Cao Xianghong from Sinopec said one thing that was very accurate:
Dialogue: 0,1:06:43.58,1:06:48.14,Default,,0,0,0,,"It's like a person who looks big, but it's all fat and no muscle."
Dialogue: 0,1:06:48.14,1:06:53.94,Default,,0,0,0,,But these enterprises are still receiving large subsidies
Dialogue: 0,1:06:53.94,1:06:57.66,Default,,0,0,0,,You can see here, between 2011-2013
Dialogue: 0,1:06:57.66,1:07:02.10,Default,,0,0,0,,the government has given these publicly traded steel companies this many subsidies
Dialogue: 0,1:07:02.10,1:07:05.09,Default,,0,0,0,,In order to prevent one of the companies from being taken off the stock exchange
Dialogue: 0,1:07:05.09,1:07:06.78,Default,,0,0,0,,the government subsidized it every other year
Dialogue: 0,1:07:06.78,1:07:07.98,Default,,0,0,0,,How much has it been subsidized?
Dialogue: 0,1:07:07.98,1:07:11.94,Default,,0,0,0,,Tens, thousands, ten thousands, billions...
Dialogue: 0,1:07:13.30,1:07:16.22,Default,,0,0,0,,2 billion RMB ($320 million)
Dialogue: 0,1:07:16.22,1:07:19.18,Default,,0,0,0,,Two years later, another 2 billion RMB
Dialogue: 0,1:07:19.18,1:07:23.40,Default,,0,0,0,,Another one of these companies, which had already posted severe losses
Dialogue: 0,1:07:23.40,1:07:26.90,Default,,0,0,0,,hung a slogan in their office after receiving the subsidy:
Dialogue: 0,1:07:26.90,1:07:33.02,Default,,0,0,0,,"With intense struggle and indomitable spirit, we vow that our steel will be 100 RMB ($16) cheaper than XX Corporation's."
Dialogue: 0,1:07:33.02,1:07:37.34,Default,,0,0,0,,That's why the Deputy Head of the Central Bank, Mr Liu Shiyu, has called these companies ‘zombie companies'
Dialogue: 0,1:07:37.34,1:07:39.54,Default,,0,0,0,,They are consuming huge amounts of financial resources
Dialogue: 0,1:07:39.54,1:07:42.78,Default,,0,0,0,,They are going to bring a huge amount of unforeseeable risk to our real economy
Dialogue: 0,1:07:42.78,1:07:45.22,Default,,0,0,0,,And these companies are still expanding, even now
Dialogue: 0,1:07:45.22,1:07:47.90,Default,,0,0,0,,Two days ago I received a letter from a little girl
Dialogue: 0,1:07:47.90,1:07:53.54,Default,,0,0,0,,She said to me, a coke plant near her home is expanding and is going to demolish her family's house
Dialogue: 0,1:07:53.54,1:07:56.02,Default,,0,0,0,,Her dad refused to agree, and so he was beaten
Dialogue: 0,1:07:56.02,1:07:57.50,Default,,0,0,0,,She hoped I could help her
Dialogue: 0,1:07:59.14,1:08:01.62,Default,,0,0,0,,This is the same little girl I interviewed ten years ago
Dialogue: 0,1:08:01.62,1:08:04.22,Default,,0,0,0,,Little Wang Huiqing, who had never seen stars or white clouds
Dialogue: 0,1:08:04.22,1:08:05.74,Default,,0,0,0,,I asked her, "How is your health these days?"
Dialogue: 0,1:08:05.74,1:08:09.58,Default,,0,0,0,,She told me, "Auntie, I can't worry about my health now. I just want my whole family to have a place to live."
Dialogue: 0,1:08:11.14,1:08:13.08,Default,,0,0,0,,Thank goodness, when I gave her a call two days ago
Dialogue: 0,1:08:13.08,1:08:16.14,Default,,0,0,0,,she said the owner of the coke plant had just been taken away by the authorities
Dialogue: 0,1:08:17.98,1:08:21.22,Default,,0,0,0,,But, as for these industries that are already considered to be in serious overproduction
Dialogue: 0,1:08:21.22,1:08:23.86,Default,,0,0,0,,in half the provinces of China, they are still listed as ‘key industries'
Dialogue: 0,1:08:23.86,1:08:26.38,Default,,0,0,0,,in the 12th Five-Year Plan for economic development
Dialogue: 0,1:08:26.38,1:08:28.38,Default,,0,0,0,,There is a simple underlying reason
Dialogue: 0,1:08:28.38,1:08:30.49,Default,,0,0,0,,If we urbanize and continue to develop we only need to
Dialogue: 0,1:08:30.49,1:08:33.58,Default,,0,0,0,,increase urbanization by 1% and all this excess supply could easily be consumed
Dialogue: 0,1:08:33.58,1:08:35.34,Default,,0,0,0,,Where there is construction, there is demand for steel
Dialogue: 0,1:08:35.34,1:08:36.98,Default,,0,0,0,,Where there is road construction, there will be cars
Dialogue: 0,1:08:36.98,1:08:37.50,Default,,0,0,0,,Right?
Dialogue: 0,1:08:38.82,1:08:40.78,Default,,0,0,0,,Mr Jiang from Tsinghua University told me
Dialogue: 0,1:08:40.78,1:08:44.34,Default,,0,0,0,,China's urban development is itself in a severe state of over-production
Dialogue: 0,1:08:44.34,1:08:46.82,Default,,0,0,0,,The situation is even worse than in industry
Dialogue: 0,1:08:46.82,1:08:49.66,Default,,0,0,0,,I didn't really believe it because I feel like over the past 30 years
Dialogue: 0,1:08:49.66,1:08:53.22,Default,,0,0,0,,social changes in ordinary families such as mine and improvement in general living standards
Dialogue: 0,1:08:53.22,1:08:55.02,Default,,0,0,0,,were all achieved thanks to urbanization
Dialogue: 0,1:08:55.94,1:09:00.06,Default,,0,0,0,,When I was young my little sister and I grew up in a traditional house
Dialogue: 0,1:09:00.06,1:09:03.10,Default,,0,0,0,,It had 300 years of history and housed a dozen families
Dialogue: 0,1:09:03.10,1:09:06.78,Default,,0,0,0,,Later, our living conditions improved when we moved into housing provided by my mom's work unit
Dialogue: 0,1:09:06.78,1:09:10.86,Default,,0,0,0,,The accommodation we were given was 12 square meters and housed five of us
Dialogue: 0,1:09:10.86,1:09:16.54,Default,,0,0,0,,When we slept at night, we added a wooden plank to the bed frame and propped it up with a chair
Dialogue: 0,1:09:16.54,1:09:17.86,Default,,0,0,0,,Then it became a double bed
Dialogue: 0,1:09:19.14,1:09:20.94,Default,,0,0,0,,This was the window of my bedroom
Dialogue: 0,1:09:20.94,1:09:23.10,Default,,0,0,0,,Wasn't it nice?
Dialogue: 0,1:09:23.10,1:09:27.46,Default,,0,0,0,,In reality the bedroom was very small, there was no window so I could only hang a picture on the wall
Dialogue: 0,1:09:27.46,1:09:30.50,Default,,0,0,0,,It represented the fantasies of a very young creative spirit
Dialogue: 0,1:09:32.46,1:09:35.02,Default,,0,0,0,,This picture was taken when I was about to go off to university
Dialogue: 0,1:09:35.02,1:09:36.50,Default,,0,0,0,,It shows what our county seat looked like
Dialogue: 0,1:09:36.50,1:09:39.06,Default,,0,0,0,,I used to walk to school along this road
Dialogue: 0,1:09:39.06,1:09:41.34,Default,,0,0,0,,This is what it was like back in those days
Dialogue: 0,1:09:41.34,1:09:43.38,Default,,0,0,0,,The changes in living standards my family saw over the years
Dialogue: 0,1:09:43.38,1:09:45.98,Default,,0,0,0,,proves that there are millions of households all in need of new construction
Dialogue: 0,1:09:45.98,1:09:46.86,Default,,0,0,0,,(Mr Jiang) asked me
Dialogue: 0,1:09:46.86,1:09:48.82,Default,,0,0,0,,"Hasn't it been a long time since you last went back to Shanxi?"
Dialogue: 0,1:09:48.82,1:09:49.66,Default,,0,0,0,,I said he was right
Dialogue: 0,1:09:49.66,1:09:51.46,Default,,0,0,0,,He said, "Why don't you go back and have a look?"
Dialogue: 0,1:09:51.46,1:09:56.54,Default,,0,0,0,,This year I took my child to visit Shanxi and took this video with my phone along the way
Dialogue: 0,1:10:08.79,1:10:13.96,Default,,0,0,0,,(Billboards advertising new apartment complexes)
Dialogue: 0,1:10:49.86,1:10:55.34,Default,,0,0,0,,I am happy to see some changes in my hometown, because people there need wealth and development
Dialogue: 0,1:10:55.34,1:11:00.94,Default,,0,0,0,,But what surprises me is that I saw so many real estate ads in the city, and so many construction sites
Dialogue: 0,1:11:00.94,1:11:02.38,Default,,0,0,0,,But they're empty
Dialogue: 0,1:11:02.42,1:11:05.00,Default,,0,0,0,,I then asked a relative who has invested a lot in the local housing market
Dialogue: 0,1:11:05.00,1:11:07.10,Default,,0,0,0,,how many flats in this particular development have been sold
Dialogue: 0,1:11:07.10,1:11:08.66,Default,,0,0,0,,He said, only 20-30% have been sold
Dialogue: 0,1:11:08.66,1:11:10.14,Default,,0,0,0,,I asked, "How come they've sold so few?"
Dialogue: 0,1:11:10.14,1:11:11.66,Default,,0,0,0,,He hesitated and said:
Dialogue: 0,1:11:11.66,1:11:13.76,Default,,0,0,0,,"Since the real name policy was implemented for government officials
Dialogue: 0,1:11:13.76,1:11:15.50,Default,,0,0,0,,buying real estate, they haven't been selling too well."
Dialogue: 0,1:11:15.50,1:11:21.18,Default,,0,0,0,,(My relative) booked a local hotel for my family I was so shocked when I arrived at the hotel gate
Dialogue: 0,1:11:21.18,1:11:27.38,Default,,0,0,0,,because it claims to be a "five-star hotel" and I was booked into the "Presidential Suite"
Dialogue: 0,1:11:27.38,1:11:28.46,Default,,0,0,0,,I said, "No you don't have to!"
Dialogue: 0,1:11:28.46,1:11:29.54,Default,,0,0,0,,He said, "Don't worry
Dialogue: 0,1:11:29.54,1:11:33.30,Default,,0,0,0,,It only costs 200 RMB ($32 USD)."
Dialogue: 0,1:11:33.30,1:11:39.94,Default,,0,0,0,,We drove our car into the parking lot and it didn't have a single light, it was in total darkness
Dialogue: 0,1:11:39.94,1:11:44.10,Default,,0,0,0,,And then this middle-aged guy came along carrying a big flashlight to light our way
Dialogue: 0,1:11:44.10,1:11:46.42,Default,,0,0,0,,He guided us into the hotel lobby
Dialogue: 0,1:11:46.42,1:11:49.70,Default,,0,0,0,,He then continued to use his big flashlight and led us down the corridors to our room
Dialogue: 0,1:11:49.70,1:11:53.58,Default,,0,0,0,,There were no lights in the entire hotel because nobody was staying in it
Dialogue: 0,1:11:55.46,1:11:57.98,Default,,0,0,0,,When I got back to Beijing, I brought this up with Professor Jiang
Dialogue: 0,1:11:57.98,1:12:01.94,Default,,0,0,0,,He told me, "The Shanxi that you witnessed is a microcosm of the rest of the country
Dialogue: 0,1:12:01.94,1:12:05.10,Default,,0,0,0,,In China we lose 80 traditional villages everyday
Dialogue: 0,1:12:05.10,1:12:07.94,Default,,0,0,0,,Houses have an average lifespan of a mere 30 years
Dialogue: 0,1:12:07.94,1:12:10.42,Default,,0,0,0,,There are more than 200 municipalities in China
Dialogue: 0,1:12:10.42,1:12:14.22,Default,,0,0,0,,184 of which have plans to become so-called "international metropolises"
Dialogue: 0,1:12:14.22,1:12:15.58,Default,,0,0,0,,We have a population of 1.3 billion
Dialogue: 0,1:12:15.58,1:12:20.46,Default,,0,0,0,,If we take into account the plans laid out by these municipalities the population adds up to 3.4 billion
Dialogue: 0,1:12:21.34,1:12:24.50,Default,,0,0,0,,I came to Beijing carrying a small suitcase in 1998
Dialogue: 0,1:12:24.50,1:12:30.50,Default,,0,0,0,,I studied, worked and found in this city a sense of self-worth and belonging
Dialogue: 0,1:12:30.50,1:12:35.66,Default,,0,0,0,,If China hadn't been urbanized, I'd still be in Shanxi, working a menial job that my parents found for me
Dialogue: 0,1:12:35.66,1:12:38.30,Default,,0,0,0,,Wearing blue overalls and using an abacus for the rest of my life
Dialogue: 0,1:12:38.30,1:12:45.22,Default,,0,0,0,,Cities gave us our personal freedom and gave this nation three decades of prosperity
Dialogue: 0,1:12:45.22,1:12:49.98,Default,,0,0,0,,When there are 300-400 million people knocking on our cities' doors, urbanization is an unavoidable reality
Dialogue: 0,1:12:49.98,1:12:53.38,Default,,0,0,0,,and those who enter will bring unimaginable culture and wealth to this country
Dialogue: 0,1:12:53.38,1:12:56.30,Default,,0,0,0,,But if we don't change our current model of using capital
Dialogue: 0,1:12:56.30,1:12:59.90,Default,,0,0,0,,to fuel industry and urban development, what will be the consequences?
Dialogue: 0,1:12:59.90,1:13:03.25,Default,,0,0,0,,The Development Research Center of the State Council projects that in 15 years our
Dialogue: 0,1:13:03.25,1:13:07.30,Default,,0,0,0,,coal consumption will rise to 6 billion tons, while the number of vehicles will rise to 400 million
Dialogue: 0,1:13:07.30,1:13:08.30,Default,,0,0,0,,So what does that mean for us?
Dialogue: 0,1:13:08.34,1:13:09.94,Default,,0,0,0,,Professor Ni of Tsinghua University told me
Dialogue: 0,1:13:09.94,1:13:12.46,Default,,0,0,0,,"This means that even before we run out of natural resources
Dialogue: 0,1:13:12.46,1:13:14.82,Default,,0,0,0,,we will have exhausted the capacity of our environment."
Dialogue: 0,1:13:14.82,1:13:20.70,Default,,0,0,0,,This means that now in China the pollution and traffic jams have just started
Dialogue: 0,1:13:22.98,1:13:25.68,Default,,0,0,0,,National requirements stipulate that cities, including
Dialogue: 0,1:13:25.68,1:13:27.68,Default,,0,0,0,,Beijing
Dialogue: 0,1:13:30.08,1:13:32.56,Default,,0,0,0,,Nanjing, Xi'an and Chengdu
Dialogue: 0,1:13:32.69,1:13:39.60,Default,,0,0,0,,14 cities in total, as defined by their city limits
Dialogue: 0,1:13:40.20,1:13:44.51,Default,,0,0,0,,were demanded by the State Council to stop projects that do not comply with environmental regulations
Dialogue: 0,1:13:44.70,1:13:49.71,Default,,0,0,0,,demanding they reduce administrative regulations on businesses
Dialogue: 0,1:13:52.71,1:14:01.00,Default,,0,0,0,,demanding local governments abolish policies favoring businesses that adversely affect the public
Dialogue: 0,1:14:03.70,1:14:12.70,Default,,0,0,0,,demanding they implement policies taking resource limits into account
Dialogue: 0,1:14:15.00,1:14:23.00,Default,,0,0,0,,and give them economic incentives for observing the limits
Dialogue: 0,1:14:32.50,1:14:34.62,Default,,0,0,0,,This photo was taken during the APEC summit in Beijing
Dialogue: 0,1:14:34.62,1:14:39.50,Default,,0,0,0,,One morning, my husband took me to a place he often visited as a child
Dialogue: 0,1:14:39.50,1:14:44.34,Default,,0,0,0,,His father taught him ice skating, swimming, and fishing there
Dialogue: 0,1:14:45.78,1:14:49.62,Default,,0,0,0,,He said he loved to look at the texture of the ice in winter
Dialogue: 0,1:14:49.62,1:14:52.74,Default,,0,0,0,,It spread all the way to the corner turret of the Forbidden City
Dialogue: 0,1:14:52.74,1:14:57.82,Default,,0,0,0,,That was his memory of this elegant and ancient city
Dialogue: 0,1:14:57.82,1:15:02.22,Default,,0,0,0,,We looked at this scene together like a kid staring at the last piece of candy
Dialogue: 0,1:15:02.22,1:15:04.42,Default,,0,0,0,,You know that if you don't eat it, it will melt
Dialogue: 0,1:15:04.42,1:15:06.38,Default,,0,0,0,,But you also know that once you eat it, it will disappear
Dialogue: 0,1:15:06.38,1:15:09.66,Default,,0,0,0,,Now we felt that same sense of sweetness, anxiety and frustration
Dialogue: 0,1:15:10.74,1:15:14.50,Default,,0,0,0,,I am a native of Beijing, when I was a child, the sky was blue and the clouds were white
Dialogue: 0,1:15:14.50,1:15:17.02,Default,,0,0,0,,The canals were so clear we could see the bottom, we could catch fish with our hands
Dialogue: 0,1:15:17.02,1:15:20.98,Default,,0,0,0,,I also grew up here, and I also still remember what it was like when I was a child
Dialogue: 0,1:15:20.98,1:15:23.38,Default,,0,0,0,,Standing on Chang'an Avenue, we could see all the way to the Western Hills
Dialogue: 0,1:15:23.38,1:15:27.62,Default,,0,0,0,,Having clean air is not an impossible task, it's completely achievable
Dialogue: 0,1:15:27.62,1:15:29.78,Default,,0,0,0,,It just depends how determined you are
Dialogue: 0,1:15:29.78,1:15:35.34,Default,,0,0,0,,I hope and believe that with dedication and hard work, we'll be able to keep our "APEC Blue"
Dialogue: 0,1:15:37.18,1:15:39.26,Default,,0,0,0,,When I got back, I asked the experts at the Chinese Academy of Sciences:
Dialogue: 0,1:15:39.26,1:15:43.38,Default,,0,0,0,,"Can you tell me, what would it take if we want to keep our APEC Blue?"
Dialogue: 0,1:15:44.22,1:15:48.38,Default,,0,0,0,,He said, we must cut emissions of sulfur dioxide by this much against 2013 levels
Dialogue: 0,1:15:48.38,1:15:49.78,Default,,0,0,0,,nitrogen oxide by this much
Dialogue: 0,1:15:49.78,1:15:51.26,Default,,0,0,0,,and PM2.5 by this much
Dialogue: 0,1:15:51.26,1:15:56.02,Default,,0,0,0,,In short, we would have to cut our pollutants by more than half in exchange for that blue sky
Dialogue: 0,1:15:57.23,1:15:59.70,Default,,0,0,0,,During the APEC Summit, China and the US issued a joint statement
Dialogue: 0,1:15:59.92,1:16:02.37,Default,,0,0,0,,China pledged that its carbon emissions will peak around 2030
Dialogue: 0,1:16:02.37,1:16:05.05,Default,,0,0,0,,and non-fossil energy sources will make up 20% of its energy infrastructure
Dialogue: 0,1:16:05.05,1:16:07.92,Default,,0,0,0,,Coal dominates China's energy infrastructure, and is a source of both carbon emissions and smog
Dialogue: 0,1:16:07.92,1:16:09.46,Default,,0,0,0,,Reducing coal use addresses both problems
Dialogue: 0,1:16:09.46,1:16:11.66,Default,,0,0,0,,Xie Zhenhua, Vice-Chairman, National Development and Reform Commission
Dialogue: 0,1:16:11.66,1:16:16.10,Default,,0,0,0,,When I set the goal for 2030, I specified that should be our peak. It's actually creating an incentive
Dialogue: 0,1:16:16.10,1:16:18.50,Default,,0,0,0,,So we will start moving on the green, low-carbon path
Dialogue: 0,1:16:18.50,1:16:22.50,Default,,0,0,0,,People may ask, to protect the environment, do we really have to sacrifice economic development?
Dialogue: 0,1:16:22.50,1:16:23.78,Default,,0,0,0,,That's a debt you have to settle
Dialogue: 0,1:16:23.78,1:16:26.54,Default,,0,0,0,,If you've acted wrongly before, you have to make up for it now
Dialogue: 0,1:16:26.54,1:16:30.06,Default,,0,0,0,,The real problem now becomes, how do we increase the employment rate and the average income?
Dialogue: 0,1:16:30.06,1:16:30.98,Default,,0,0,0,,Through transformation
Dialogue: 0,1:16:30.98,1:16:35.10,Default,,0,0,0,,What if during this transformation, some workers in some industries lose their jobs?
Dialogue: 0,1:16:35.18,1:16:40.54,Default,,0,0,0,,Right now, China's energy-saving and environmental protection industries generate over
Dialogue: 0,1:16:40.54,1:16:44.10,Default,,0,0,0,,3.7 trillion RMB ($590 billion) a year, and employ around 39 million people
Dialogue: 0,1:16:44.10,1:16:45.50,Default,,0,0,0,,Don't forget, this is an industry too
Dialogue: 0,1:16:45.50,1:16:51.06,Default,,0,0,0,,But many people may wonder, will the Chinese government keep investing in economic growth?
Dialogue: 0,1:16:51.06,1:16:54.18,Default,,0,0,0,,If we want to maintain the rate of economic growth, the way to do it
Dialogue: 0,1:16:54.18,1:16:57.22,Default,,0,0,0,,is precisely through green, low-carbon, recycling-focused programs
Dialogue: 0,1:16:57.22,1:16:59.86,Default,,0,0,0,,Consider the Great Smog of 1952 in London or the smog crisis in Los Angeles
Dialogue: 0,1:16:59.86,1:17:02.02,Default,,0,0,0,,It took them six to seven decades to solve their problems
Dialogue: 0,1:17:02.02,1:17:03.30,Default,,0,0,0,,We can learn from their experience
Dialogue: 0,1:17:03.30,1:17:06.70,Default,,0,0,0,,We will get through this stage much more quickly than they did
Dialogue: 0,1:17:08.10,1:17:10.38,Default,,0,0,0,,Before, I was worried that Beijing is still expanding
Dialogue: 0,1:17:10.38,1:17:12.58,Default,,0,0,0,,The number of cars is still increasing
Dialogue: 0,1:17:12.58,1:17:14.14,Default,,0,0,0,,Can pollution there really be reduced?
Dialogue: 0,1:17:14.14,1:17:16.38,Default,,0,0,0,,But this is Los Angeles
Dialogue: 0,1:17:16.38,1:17:18.10,Default,,0,0,0,,A place very similar to Beijing
Dialogue: 0,1:17:18.10,1:17:20.78,Default,,0,0,0,,It also has mountains on three sides, so it's hard for polluted air to disperse
Dialogue: 0,1:17:20.78,1:17:25.22,Default,,0,0,0,,That's why LA has also experienced large-scale photochemical smog
Dialogue: 0,1:17:25.22,1:17:26.90,Default,,0,0,0,,You can look at 1950
Dialogue: 0,1:17:26.90,1:17:32.42,Default,,0,0,0,,These cans were sold in shops in Hollywood, containing Los Angeles air
Dialogue: 0,1:17:32.42,1:17:36.10,Default,,0,0,0,,The can has a slogan on it: "Buy one for somebody you hate!"
Dialogue: 0,1:17:36.10,1:17:39.58,Default,,0,0,0,,You can imagine the feelings and resentment of those who lived in LA at the time
Dialogue: 0,1:17:39.58,1:17:43.66,Default,,0,0,0,,However, the number of cars in LA has been increasing since 1970
Dialogue: 0,1:17:43.66,1:17:45.82,Default,,0,0,0,,It has actually tripled
Dialogue: 0,1:17:45.82,1:17:48.38,Default,,0,0,0,,But what about emissions?
Dialogue: 0,1:17:48.38,1:17:50.54,Default,,0,0,0,,They have decreased by 75%
Dialogue: 0,1:17:50.54,1:17:52.14,Default,,0,0,0,,How did they do it?
Dialogue: 0,1:17:52.14,1:17:54.30,Default,,0,0,0,,I went to LA to find out
Dialogue: 0,1:17:59.26,1:18:01.90,Default,,0,0,0,,We are now in the air over Santa Monica
Dialogue: 0,1:18:02.30,1:18:04.66,Default,,0,0,0,,You can see a layer of haze over there
Dialogue: 0,1:18:04.66,1:18:05.86,Default,,0,0,0,,That's the smog
Dialogue: 0,1:18:06.18,1:18:12.66,Default,,0,0,0,,We've often seen these tall buildings in Hollywood movies, but Los Angeles isn't really a skyscraper city
Dialogue: 0,1:18:12.66,1:18:16.46,Default,,0,0,0,,All around those skyscrapers is a flat expanse of one- and two-story buildings
Dialogue: 0,1:18:16.46,1:18:24.46,Default,,0,0,0,,This low-density urban development means you have to drive to get around in LA
Dialogue: 0,1:18:26.06,1:18:29.90,Default,,0,0,0,,Los Angeles' sprawl is considered a classic case of failed urban planning
Dialogue: 0,1:18:29.90,1:18:32.98,Default,,0,0,0,,Its public transportation has not been developed or utilized to its fullest potential
Dialogue: 0,1:18:32.98,1:18:35.02,Default,,0,0,0,,This has caused an inevitable increase in car ownership
Dialogue: 0,1:18:35.70,1:18:40.38,Default,,0,0,0,,In a city of 1.7 million people, there are about 1.3 million cars - that's almost one car per person
Dialogue: 0,1:18:40.38,1:18:44.90,Default,,0,0,0,,850 million trips are made every day in the whole of California
Dialogue: 0,1:18:44.90,1:18:48.46,Default,,0,0,0,,If you add up all the fuel, it's enough to travel to the moon and back 1,600 times
Dialogue: 0,1:18:51.00,1:18:52.38,Default,,0,0,0,,California Air Resources Board
Dialogue: 0,1:18:52.38,1:18:56.34,Default,,0,0,0,,Inspection and enforcement vehicle near an industrial zone in Irvine, CA, July 7, 2014
Dialogue: 0,1:18:56.54,1:18:59.60,Default,,0,0,0,,Over there is a beer brewery, and over there are huge warehouses
Dialogue: 0,1:18:59.60,1:19:01.90,Default,,0,0,0,,This truck just came from the port of Long Beach
Dialogue: 0,1:19:01.90,1:19:04.14,Default,,0,0,0,,Take a look at this big Optimus Prime-looking guy
Dialogue: 0,1:19:04.14,1:19:10.82,Default,,0,0,0,,18 wheels and over 20 meters long, it's built like a tank or some armored vehicle
Dialogue: 0,1:19:12.64,1:19:14.95,Default,,0,0,0,,California has 1,061,745 diesel vehicles
Dialogue: 0,1:19:14.95,1:19:17.20,Default,,0,0,0,,Each vehicle consumes an average of 35.2 litres of fuel each day
Dialogue: 0,1:19:24.78,1:19:31.22,Default,,0,0,0,,CARB estimates that 71% of the carcinogens in Southern California's atmosphere come from diesel vehicles
Dialogue: 0,1:19:31.22,1:19:34.06,Default,,0,0,0,,So all diesel vehicles are required to install a diesel particulate filter (DPF)
Dialogue: 0,1:19:34.06,1:19:37.14,Default,,0,0,0,,This is a special type of filter, it's like putting a dust mask on your truck
Dialogue: 0,1:19:37.14,1:19:39.58,Default,,0,0,0,,It can filter out 99% of particles
Dialogue: 0,1:19:41.94,1:19:45.18,Default,,0,0,0,,This driver is from Mexico, he drives an old 2005 model truck
Dialogue: 0,1:19:45.18,1:19:48.26,Default,,0,0,0,,The law says he must install a DPF, but he hasn't done it
Dialogue: 0,1:19:48.26,1:19:52.10,Default,,0,0,0,,Although his truck's emission level is within compliance, he will be still be fined $1,000
Dialogue: 0,1:19:53.14,1:19:55.66,Default,,0,0,0,,Why didn't you install the DPF?
Dialogue: 0,1:19:55.66,1:19:57.54,Default,,0,0,0,,Not much money
Dialogue: 0,1:19:57.54,1:19:59.06,Default,,0,0,0,,He was waiting till the last minute
Dialogue: 0,1:19:59.06,1:20:03.18,Default,,0,0,0,,He makes around $4,000 a month, now he has to pay a $1,000 ticket
Dialogue: 0,1:20:03.18,1:20:04.50,Default,,0,0,0,,That's a pretty high price
Dialogue: 0,1:20:05.46,1:20:07.70,Default,,0,0,0,,Sir, how many kids do you have?
Dialogue: 0,1:20:08.34,1:20:10.62,Default,,0,0,0,,Six
Dialogue: 0,1:20:13.10,1:20:15.02,Default,,0,0,0,,What if he still doesn't install the DPF?
Dialogue: 0,1:20:15.02,1:20:15.86,Default,,0,0,0,,We'll keep ticketing him
Dialogue: 0,1:20:15.86,1:20:19.26,Default,,0,0,0,,If you still don't comply, we'll report you to the DMV
Dialogue: 0,1:20:19.26,1:20:21.06,Default,,0,0,0,,And not allow you to renew your license plates
Dialogue: 0,1:20:21.06,1:20:23.74,Default,,0,0,0,,If you can't renew your plates, you can't drive, so you can't make money
Dialogue: 0,1:20:26.18,1:20:30.34,Default,,0,0,0,,To manage its pollution, California had to enact the strictest standards for new motor vehicles
Dialogue: 0,1:20:30.34,1:20:32.78,Default,,0,0,0,,The EPA has the authority to inspect any new vehicle
Dialogue: 0,1:20:32.78,1:20:36.30,Default,,0,0,0,,It has the right to inspect any car in use with up to 12,000 miles on it
Dialogue: 0,1:20:36.30,1:20:38.65,Default,,0,0,0,,If it finds a factory has been violating the regulations
Dialogue: 0,1:20:38.65,1:20:42.22,Default,,0,0,0,,it will fine the manufacturer $25,000 for each day since the vehicle left the factory
Dialogue: 0,1:20:42.22,1:20:45.30,Default,,0,0,0,,The EPA has the authority to require car manufacturers to recall all affected vehicles
Dialogue: 0,1:20:46.22,1:20:48.10,Default,,0,0,0,,Paul Jacobs, California Air Resource Board, Branch Chief
Dialogue: 0,1:20:48.10,1:20:52.54,Default,,0,0,0,,45% of the citizens want to comply and be good corporate citizens
Dialogue: 0,1:20:52.54,1:20:57.38,Default,,0,0,0,,And 45% say, "Well, I don't really want to, but I'm going to because I might get caught."
Dialogue: 0,1:20:57.38,1:20:59.48,Default,,0,0,0,,And 10% say, "Catch me"
Dialogue: 0,1:20:59.48,1:21:02.66,Default,,0,0,0,,"I'm gonna go in the left lane of the freeway and go 100 miles an hour, come and catch me."
Dialogue: 0,1:21:03.28,1:21:06.20,Default,,0,0,0,,Over 29913 summons are issued annually for heavy diesel trucks
Dialogue: 0,1:21:06.20,1:21:07.50,Default,,0,0,0,,Ultimately, over 3281 are settled
Dialogue: 0,1:21:08.20,1:21:10.20,Default,,0,0,0,,$1,336,880 in fines
Dialogue: 0,1:21:16.34,1:21:18.94,Default,,0,0,0,,This court settlement particularly interests me
Dialogue: 0,1:21:18.94,1:21:24.05,Default,,0,0,0,,I only realized afterwards that the vehicle that was fined was imported from China
Dialogue: 0,1:21:24.05,1:21:26.10,Default,,0,0,0,,It was because of environmental labeling fraud
Dialogue: 0,1:21:26.10,1:21:31.78,Default,,0,0,0,,But this time, once they were caught, they were fined about 400 million RMB ($64 million)
Dialogue: 0,1:21:31.78,1:21:34.06,Default,,0,0,0,,Two of the people in charge went to jail
Dialogue: 0,1:21:34.06,1:21:35.74,Default,,0,0,0,,Human nature is the same all around the world
Dialogue: 0,1:21:35.74,1:21:40.74,Default,,0,0,0,,In the US, you can also find people who want to avoid punishment or break the law
Dialogue: 0,1:21:40.74,1:21:44.22,Default,,0,0,0,,But you can control 90% of them if you strictly enforce the law
Dialogue: 0,1:21:44.22,1:21:47.42,Default,,0,0,0,,If you do not enforce the law, it will be like the Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau said
Dialogue: 0,1:21:47.42,1:21:49.58,Default,,0,0,0,,90% of vehicles will continue to commit environmental fraud
Dialogue: 0,1:21:51.26,1:21:53.90,Default,,0,0,0,,This year, the "Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Law" will finally be revised
Dialogue: 0,1:21:53.90,1:21:59.86,Default,,0,0,0,,In the current draft, it authorizes the Chinese EPA to fine or recall fraudulent vehicles
Dialogue: 0,1:21:59.86,1:22:02.82,Default,,0,0,0,,However, it won't take effect until September 2015 at the earliest
Dialogue: 0,1:22:02.82,1:22:06.58,Default,,0,0,0,,So before then, every night, even at this very moment
Dialogue: 0,1:22:06.58,1:22:12.66,Default,,0,0,0,,millions of trucks are traveling across and polluting China's vast landscape
Dialogue: 0,1:22:12.66,1:22:15.38,Default,,0,0,0,,How many have fake emissions certificates, how many are emitting particles and pollution?
Dialogue: 0,1:22:15.38,1:22:17.14,Default,,0,0,0,,This is what we're all enduring
Dialogue: 0,1:22:18.58,1:22:24.94,Default,,0,0,0,,So before our original "Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Law of the People's Republic of China" expires
Dialogue: 0,1:22:24.94,1:22:27.98,Default,,0,0,0,,Can we use it at least once?
Dialogue: 0,1:22:27.98,1:22:31.94,Default,,0,0,0,,Can we prevent it from being viewed in our history like this?
Dialogue: 0,1:22:35.02,1:22:41.86,Default,,0,0,0,,Back when the U.S. wanted strict standards, their auto industry cried and moaned just like ours
Dialogue: 0,1:22:41.86,1:22:44.66,Default,,0,0,0,,They constantly sued the EPA and did not want to change
Dialogue: 0,1:22:44.66,1:22:48.50,Default,,0,0,0,,Then, some foreign car manufacturers said "I can do it, I can comply!"
Dialogue: 0,1:22:48.50,1:22:52.02,Default,,0,0,0,,Once the U.S. car manufacturers heard this, they immediately made the effort and caught up
Dialogue: 0,1:22:52.02,1:22:54.46,Default,,0,0,0,,But sadly, by then they'd lost half of their market share
Dialogue: 0,1:22:55.94,1:22:58.10,Default,,0,0,0,,So I asked officials in the U.S. environmental protection agencies
Dialogue: 0,1:22:58.10,1:23:03.38,Default,,0,0,0,,"Are you afraid that you're hurting your national auto industry?"
Dialogue: 0,1:23:03.38,1:23:06.46,Default,,0,0,0,,They said: Environmental protection isn't a burden
Dialogue: 0,1:23:06.46,1:23:07.98,Default,,0,0,0,,It's innovation
Dialogue: 0,1:23:07.98,1:23:10.34,Default,,0,0,0,,Protecting a backward industry is no way to promote innovation
Dialogue: 0,1:23:10.34,1:23:15.02,Default,,0,0,0,,The government's role is to set standards and then ensure fair competition in the market
Dialogue: 0,1:23:15.02,1:23:18.34,Default,,0,0,0,,You win the market through fair competition
Dialogue: 0,1:23:18.34,1:23:22.78,Default,,0,0,0,,But in China, coal accounts for 70% of our energy consumption
Dialogue: 0,1:23:22.78,1:23:26.58,Default,,0,0,0,,Within the energy infrastructure we have, how can we reduce coal?
Dialogue: 0,1:23:26.58,1:23:28.58,Default,,0,0,0,,Let's look at this graph of how London did it
Dialogue: 0,1:23:28.58,1:23:32.26,Default,,0,0,0,,Many people argue that it took London 40 or 50 years to get its air pollution under control
Dialogue: 0,1:23:32.26,1:23:33.78,Default,,0,0,0,,So we have to wait just as long
Dialogue: 0,1:23:33.78,1:23:36.18,Default,,0,0,0,,But is that true?
Dialogue: 0,1:23:36.18,1:23:38.14,Default,,0,0,0,,Look at this
Dialogue: 0,1:23:38.14,1:23:43.18,Default,,0,0,0,,In just the first ten years after they started to manage pollution, they reduced pollutants by 80%
Dialogue: 0,1:23:43.18,1:23:44.78,Default,,0,0,0,,That's a huge improvement
Dialogue: 0,1:23:44.78,1:23:46.46,Default,,0,0,0,,Let's see how London accomplished this
Dialogue: 0,1:23:49.18,1:23:53.74,Default,,0,0,0,,When the Great London Smog of 1952 took place, 90% of England's energy consumption was coal
Dialogue: 0,1:23:53.74,1:23:58.06,Default,,0,0,0,,In 1953, the average density of particulate matter was 10 times higher than the EU standard
Dialogue: 0,1:23:58.06,1:24:01.14,Default,,0,0,0,,The pressure to control the smog was even greater than ours in China now
Dialogue: 0,1:24:01.14,1:24:03.70,Default,,0,0,0,,England passed the "Clean Air Act" in 1956
Dialogue: 0,1:24:03.70,1:24:06.66,Default,,0,0,0,,At every colliery we used to run waterers on the surface
Dialogue: 0,1:24:06.66,1:24:10.22,Default,,0,0,0,,so the coal would've been washed before being sold on to customers
Dialogue: 0,1:24:10.22,1:24:15.14,Default,,0,0,0,,To use ordinary coal or to to use it in an open grate would be illegal
Dialogue: 0,1:24:15.14,1:24:16.82,Default,,0,0,0,,And that by the way is the grate
Dialogue: 0,1:24:16.82,1:24:18.30,Default,,0,0,0,,Do you still use it?
Dialogue: 0,1:24:18.30,1:24:19.70,Default,,0,0,0,,We do sometimes
Dialogue: 0,1:24:19.70,1:24:21.94,Default,,0,0,0,,It's a smokeless coal. And this is called "home fire."
Dialogue: 0,1:24:21.94,1:24:25.26,Default,,0,0,0,,The government funded 70% of the cost of furnace renovations for citizens
Dialogue: 0,1:24:25.70,1:24:27.10,Default,,0,0,0,,But punishments were strict as well
Dialogue: 0,1:24:27.46,1:24:30.42,Default,,0,0,0,,Violation could result in a £100 fine, or even jail time
Dialogue: 0,1:24:30.42,1:24:34.34,Default,,0,0,0,,Installation of any apparatus emitting smoke is strictly prohibited
Dialogue: 0,1:24:34.34,1:24:39.02,Default,,0,0,0,,Smoke wardens could inspect a shop and decide that it was selling illegal materials
Dialogue: 0,1:24:39.02,1:24:42.62,Default,,0,0,0,,This is the last cart of coal from a former coal mine in South Wales
Dialogue: 0,1:24:42.62,1:24:44.98,Default,,0,0,0,,It stopped on this track in 1983
Dialogue: 0,1:24:45.86,1:24:50.50,Default,,0,0,0,,In the 20 years following the Great Smog of 1952, oil replaced more than 20% of coal
Dialogue: 0,1:24:50.50,1:24:52.86,Default,,0,0,0,,Natural gas replaced more than 30% of coal
Dialogue: 0,1:24:52.86,1:24:57.94,Default,,0,0,0,,Across the whole country's energy infrastructure, coal dropped from 90% to 30% of total consumption
Dialogue: 0,1:24:57.94,1:25:01.42,Default,,0,0,0,,And heavy industry's share of the GDP also dropped 10%
Dialogue: 0,1:25:01.42,1:25:03.38,Default,,0,0,0,,Many coal mines and coal factories closed down
Dialogue: 0,1:25:03.38,1:25:05.30,Default,,0,0,0,,"And that's another London landmark gone."
Dialogue: 0,1:25:05.82,1:25:07.98,Default,,0,0,0,,Millions of people used to work for the coal industry
Dialogue: 0,1:25:07.98,1:25:10.30,Default,,0,0,0,,How do you earn money today?
Dialogue: 0,1:25:12.02,1:25:14.02,Default,,0,0,0,,Well, you have to find alternative employment
Dialogue: 0,1:25:14.02,1:25:17.98,Default,,0,0,0,,I'm not a rich man, but at least I don't have to worry about paying bills
Dialogue: 0,1:25:17.98,1:25:19.26,Default,,0,0,0,,Mining to me, it was just a job
Dialogue: 0,1:25:19.26,1:25:22.54,Default,,0,0,0,,100 years ago, we had a million miners in the United Kingdom
Dialogue: 0,1:25:22.54,1:25:24.62,Default,,0,0,0,,We've just got tens of thousands now
Dialogue: 0,1:25:24.62,1:25:28.10,Default,,0,0,0,,But we've got more people in jobs than ever before in our history
Dialogue: 0,1:25:28.10,1:25:32.26,Default,,0,0,0,,If an industry is on its way out, there's another industry coming up
Dialogue: 0,1:25:32.58,1:25:35.66,Default,,0,0,0,,From 1960 to 1970, in the first ten years after England began controlling its air pollution
Dialogue: 0,1:25:35.66,1:25:39.34,Default,,0,0,0,,Not only did the economy not shrink, GDP actually doubled
Dialogue: 0,1:25:39.62,1:25:42.18,Default,,0,0,0,,Ten years later, the U.K had entered the age of oil and natural gas
Dialogue: 0,1:25:42.18,1:25:44.34,Default,,0,0,0,,Its economic power quadrupled
Dialogue: 0,1:25:47.10,1:25:49.78,Default,,0,0,0,,Once the U.K. used cleaner energy sources, oil and natural gas
Dialogue: 0,1:25:49.78,1:25:51.94,Default,,0,0,0,,Natural gas, in particular, replaced coal
Dialogue: 0,1:25:51.94,1:25:54.50,Default,,0,0,0,,They achieved blue skies and white clouds
Dialogue: 0,1:25:54.50,1:25:59.66,Default,,0,0,0,,The interesting thing is, when we were in London looking for historical sources on how
Dialogue: 0,1:25:59.66,1:26:05.86,Default,,0,0,0,,coal contributed to air pollution, the best, most thorough, and most authoritative source we could find
Dialogue: 0,1:26:05.86,1:26:08.94,Default,,0,0,0,,was from a natural gas company
Dialogue: 0,1:26:08.94,1:26:12.90,Default,,0,0,0,,The name is simple: "Guilty Chimneys"
Dialogue: 0,1:26:12.90,1:26:15.78,Default,,0,0,0,,Natural gas quickly gained market share through competition
Dialogue: 0,1:26:15.78,1:26:17.74,Default,,0,0,0,,And replaced its competitor
Dialogue: 0,1:26:17.74,1:26:19.58,Default,,0,0,0,,The U.K. Energy Minister asked me
Dialogue: 0,1:26:19.58,1:26:23.94,Default,,0,0,0,,Do you know what London's economic level was at the beginning of the environmental reforms?
Dialogue: 0,1:26:23.94,1:26:25.94,Default,,0,0,0,,Their per capita GDP was the same as China's
Dialogue: 0,1:26:25.94,1:26:32.86,Default,,0,0,0,,Most importantly, the government shouldn't subsidize backward-thinking, polluting, unprofitable businesses
Dialogue: 0,1:26:32.86,1:26:35.74,Default,,0,0,0,,The government needs to give new, innovative companies a fair chance to compete
Dialogue: 0,1:26:35.74,1:26:38.06,Default,,0,0,0,,If you do, they will surprise you
Dialogue: 0,1:26:38.06,1:26:39.78,Default,,0,0,0,,London's success story tells us
Dialogue: 0,1:26:39.78,1:26:43.78,Default,,0,0,0,,China needs to leave the era of coal and enter the era of oil and natural gas
Dialogue: 0,1:26:43.78,1:26:46.94,Default,,0,0,0,,Only if we do that can we have cleaner air
Dialogue: 0,1:26:46.94,1:26:51.94,Default,,0,0,0,,In the world today, the share of natural gas in energy consumption is fairly high
Dialogue: 0,1:26:51.94,1:26:54.29,Default,,0,0,0,,Natural gas accounts for around 24% of the world's energy consumption
Dialogue: 0,1:26:54.29,1:26:56.18,Default,,0,0,0,,because natural gas is a relatively clean energy source
Dialogue: 0,1:26:56.18,1:26:58.54,Default,,0,0,0,,How about China?
Dialogue: 0,1:26:58.54,1:27:01.14,Default,,0,0,0,,Just 5% of our energy comes from natural gas
Dialogue: 0,1:27:01.14,1:27:02.82,Default,,0,0,0,,Why is this number so low?
Dialogue: 0,1:27:02.82,1:27:05.98,Default,,0,0,0,,The standard answer I've heard since I was young is
Dialogue: 0,1:27:05.98,1:27:13.38,Default,,0,0,0,,It's because we're a country with lots of coal, insufficient oil and not enough natural gas
Dialogue: 0,1:27:13.38,1:27:14.78,Default,,0,0,0,,Is that really true?
Dialogue: 0,1:27:14.78,1:27:15.90,Default,,0,0,0,,It's true
Dialogue: 0,1:27:15.90,1:27:17.46,Default,,0,0,0,,But is it the whole story?
Dialogue: 0,1:27:17.46,1:27:20.98,Default,,0,0,0,,So I wrote to the director of the Mineral Resources Reserve Center in the Ministry of Land and Resources
Dialogue: 0,1:27:20.98,1:27:23.34,Default,,0,0,0,,He sent me a few numbers
Dialogue: 0,1:27:23.34,1:27:26.58,Default,,0,0,0,,How much of our potential natural gas reserves have actually been investigated?
Dialogue: 0,1:27:26.58,1:27:27.94,Default,,0,0,0,,22%
Dialogue: 0,1:27:27.94,1:27:34.02,Default,,0,0,0,,That means we have a lot of undiscovered natural gas under us
Dialogue: 0,1:27:34.02,1:27:35.82,Default,,0,0,0,,How about oil?
Dialogue: 0,1:27:38.06,1:27:40.74,Default,,0,0,0,,38%
Dialogue: 0,1:27:40.74,1:27:44.02,Default,,0,0,0,,For the resources we have verified, let's say natural gas
Dialogue: 0,1:27:44.02,1:27:47.78,Default,,0,0,0,,We've found 900 billion cubic meters, but how much have we started to extract?
Dialogue: 0,1:27:47.82,1:27:49.10,Default,,0,0,0,,100 billion cubic meters
Dialogue: 0,1:27:49.14,1:27:53.38,Default,,0,0,0,,We have so many resources that we know are there, but we aren't taking advantage of them
Dialogue: 0,1:27:53.38,1:27:54.66,Default,,0,0,0,,Why is that?
Dialogue: 0,1:27:54.70,1:27:57.74,Default,,0,0,0,,Director Zhang Dawei sent me another very simple reply
Dialogue: 0,1:27:57.78,1:27:59.10,Default,,0,0,0,,Just a few numbers
Dialogue: 0,1:27:59.14,1:28:03.26,Default,,0,0,0,,For instance, the United States is the biggest natural gas producer
Dialogue: 0,1:28:03.30,1:28:06.50,Default,,0,0,0,,They have 6,300 natural gas and oil companies
Dialogue: 0,1:28:06.54,1:28:08.42,Default,,0,0,0,,How many do we have?
Dialogue: 0,1:28:08.42,1:28:09.70,Default,,0,0,0,,3
Dialogue: 0,1:28:09.74,1:28:13.74,Default,,0,0,0,,70% of them are under one company: China National Petroleum Corporation
Dialogue: 0,1:28:13.74,1:28:16.02,Default,,0,0,0,,America has 160 natural gas pipeline companies
Dialogue: 0,1:28:16.06,1:28:17.46,Default,,0,0,0,,How many do we have?
Dialogue: 0,1:28:17.50,1:28:18.66,Default,,0,0,0,,3
Dialogue: 0,1:28:18.70,1:28:23.30,Default,,0,0,0,,70% of them are under one company: China National Petroleum Corporation
Dialogue: 0,1:28:23.30,1:28:24.54,Default,,0,0,0,,This is the answer he gave me
Dialogue: 0,1:28:24.54,1:28:28.30,Default,,0,0,0,,If we open up this market, our annual production of natural gas will double each year
Dialogue: 0,1:28:28.30,1:28:31.50,Default,,0,0,0,,Our verified reserves will double each year
Dialogue: 0,1:28:31.58,1:28:34.66,Default,,0,0,0,,Why have we been so slow to join the oil and gas age?
Dialogue: 0,1:28:34.66,1:28:37.02,Default,,0,0,0,,Why can't we develop more natural gas?
Dialogue: 0,1:28:37.02,1:28:39.06,Default,,0,0,0,,The petrochemical industry is not open
Dialogue: 0,1:28:39.06,1:28:43.02,Default,,0,0,0,,Each sector of the industry is basically a monopoly
Dialogue: 0,1:28:43.02,1:28:45.22,Default,,0,0,0,,A monopoly can't innovate
Dialogue: 0,1:28:45.22,1:28:47.34,Default,,0,0,0,,People outside of the industry can't get into it
Dialogue: 0,1:28:47.34,1:28:52.14,Default,,0,0,0,,It's like an only child, the toys are all his. He plays with them any way he wants, and he throws them around
Dialogue: 0,1:28:52.14,1:28:53.62,Default,,0,0,0,,You just have to listen to what they tell you
Dialogue: 0,1:28:54.42,1:28:59.66,Default,,0,0,0,,The oil business is a security issue, and if it's not managed well the consequences can be serious
Dialogue: 0,1:29:00.06,1:29:02.14,Default,,0,0,0,,It depends on how you understand energy security
Dialogue: 0,1:29:02.14,1:29:04.78,Default,,0,0,0,,Well, energy security is really important
Dialogue: 0,1:29:04.78,1:29:08.78,Default,,0,0,0,,But, the new technologies that we can work on together are answering that problem
Dialogue: 0,1:29:08.78,1:29:13.02,Default,,0,0,0,,As long as there is competition, then the industry will try its hardest to innovate and change
Dialogue: 0,1:29:13.02,1:29:16.28,Default,,0,0,0,,You may be interested to know that the company that controls the
Dialogue: 0,1:29:16.28,1:29:19.70,Default,,0,0,0,,electricity distribution around this city, London, is Chinese-owned
Dialogue: 0,1:29:19.70,1:29:22.98,Default,,0,0,0,,Only if we bring down the price of energy will there be competitiveness
Dialogue: 0,1:29:22.98,1:29:28.54,Default,,0,0,0,,I think by being open, you share ideas, you innovate, you get the best from the world
Dialogue: 0,1:29:28.54,1:29:32.34,Default,,0,0,0,,What is the key to controlling China's smog?
Dialogue: 0,1:29:32.34,1:29:33.78,Default,,0,0,0,,Reform of energy systems and policies
Dialogue: 0,1:29:36.34,1:29:39.82,Default,,0,0,0,,I encountered China's energy problems for the first time while preparing this documentary
Dialogue: 0,1:29:39.82,1:29:42.42,Default,,0,0,0,,I only had a rough feeling for the problem
Dialogue: 0,1:29:42.42,1:29:44.54,Default,,0,0,0,,China's reform and opening up was not how I originally imagined it
Dialogue: 0,1:29:44.58,1:29:46.34,Default,,0,0,0,,Like the process of a chick hatching from its egg
Dialogue: 0,1:29:46.34,1:29:49.30,Default,,0,0,0,,As soon as it hatches it is already complete and alive
Dialogue: 0,1:29:49.30,1:29:51.06,Default,,0,0,0,,It's more like the process of a cicada shedding its shell
Dialogue: 0,1:29:51.06,1:29:54.26,Default,,0,0,0,,little by little, emerging from the shell it originally had
Dialogue: 0,1:29:54.26,1:29:57.82,Default,,0,0,0,,And energy is the last part that remains in the shell
Dialogue: 0,1:29:57.82,1:30:00.50,Default,,0,0,0,,It has always been considered important to national security
Dialogue: 0,1:30:00.50,1:30:03.38,Default,,0,0,0,,and economic security, so it has not been treated as a commodity
Dialogue: 0,1:30:03.38,1:30:07.78,Default,,0,0,0,,It was impossible to expose it to real market forces
Dialogue: 0,1:30:07.78,1:30:11.90,Default,,0,0,0,,But the shell itself is also paying a price
Dialogue: 0,1:30:11.90,1:30:18.34,Default,,0,0,0,,This is a diagram showing a network of corruption in the energy industry over the past two years
Dialogue: 0,1:30:18.34,1:30:20.46,Default,,0,0,0,,Energy is a sector with a high rate of corruption
Dialogue: 0,1:30:20.46,1:30:23.67,Default,,0,0,0,,The former director of the National Energy Administration, Liu Tienan
Dialogue: 0,1:30:23.67,1:30:27.17,Default,,0,0,0,,said during his court hearing that in order to curb high rates of corruption
Dialogue: 0,1:30:27.17,1:30:31.70,Default,,0,0,0,,those rights that should have originally belonged to the market should be given back to the market
Dialogue: 0,1:30:31.70,1:30:39.90,Default,,0,0,0,,So in June 2014 China's national energy security strategy stated that energy is a commodity
Dialogue: 0,1:30:39.90,1:30:42.74,Default,,0,0,0,,We need to build an effective market structure and market system
Dialogue: 0,1:30:42.74,1:30:45.86,Default,,0,0,0,,and we need to change the method of supervision that the government uses for energy
Dialogue: 0,1:30:45.94,1:30:52.86,Default,,0,0,0,,But what can we do while we're waiting for the country to build and improve a massive energy system?
Dialogue: 0,1:30:52.86,1:30:57.18,Default,,0,0,0,,Even the most powerful government in the world can't control pollution by itself
Dialogue: 0,1:30:57.18,1:31:00.70,Default,,0,0,0,,It needs to rely on ordinary people like you and me
Dialogue: 0,1:31:00.70,1:31:05.02,Default,,0,0,0,,Our choices, and our determination
Dialogue: 0,1:31:05.02,1:31:10.06,Default,,0,0,0,,In 2003, when I was reporting on SARS, the most important lesson I learned was that
Dialogue: 0,1:31:10.06,1:31:15.30,Default,,0,0,0,,information disclosure is a prerequisite for public participation
Dialogue: 0,1:31:15.30,1:31:20.87,Default,,0,0,0,,Over the past three years, at the same time as providing air quality forecasts, the government has also
Dialogue: 0,1:31:20.87,1:31:26.02,Default,,0,0,0,,established the largest online monitoring network in the world to monitor polluting enterprises
Dialogue: 0,1:31:26.02,1:31:29.74,Default,,0,0,0,,What we need to do is to use this data, and not waste the money spent on it
Dialogue: 0,1:31:29.74,1:31:34.02,Default,,0,0,0,,Let everyone see the data, put it out in the sunlight
Dialogue: 0,1:31:34.02,1:31:35.38,Default,,0,0,0,,This is a mobile app
Dialogue: 0,1:31:35.38,1:31:38.70,Default,,0,0,0,,After downloading this software, you can see on your phone
Dialogue: 0,1:31:38.70,1:31:42.70,Default,,0,0,0,,which enterprises in an area about 5 kilometers around you are emitting pollutants
Dialogue: 0,1:31:42.70,1:31:46.30,Default,,0,0,0,,These red circles all show enterprises exceeding emissions standards
Dialogue: 0,1:31:46.30,1:31:51.30,Default,,0,0,0,,China's 6,000 key enterprises discharge 65% of China's waste emissions
Dialogue: 0,1:31:51.30,1:31:55.22,Default,,0,0,0,,You can submit a report to the environmental protection authorities, or share the details on Weibo
Dialogue: 0,1:31:55.22,1:32:01.02,Default,,0,0,0,,All the traces of blue are companies reported by the public that have promised to take corrective action
Dialogue: 0,1:32:01.02,1:32:06.58,Default,,0,0,0,,Of course the shame is that if the data for some places is not disclosed at all, what can we do?
Dialogue: 0,1:32:06.58,1:32:09.98,Default,,0,0,0,,So last year I attended a forum where local environmental legislation
Dialogue: 0,1:32:09.98,1:32:12.74,Default,,0,0,0,,was drafted with public participation for the first time
Dialogue: 0,1:32:12.74,1:32:14.98,Default,,0,0,0,,I heard a lot of disputes during the forum
Dialogue: 0,1:32:14.98,1:32:20.58,Default,,0,0,0,,The main dispute was around whether to force key enterprises to disclose information
Dialogue: 0,1:32:20.58,1:32:24.58,Default,,0,0,0,,In the end, Hebei Province published the first regulations with public participation
Dialogue: 0,1:32:24.58,1:32:28.30,Default,,0,0,0,,The regulations required that key polluting enterprises must publicize their information
Dialogue: 0,1:32:28.30,1:32:33.06,Default,,0,0,0,,If they don't publish this information, citizens can file lawsuits, and the companies must pay a daily fine
Dialogue: 0,1:32:33.06,1:32:36.22,Default,,0,0,0,,with the maximum being 100,000 RMB ($16,000) per day
Dialogue: 0,1:32:36.22,1:32:39.42,Default,,0,0,0,,But who is going to file these lawsuits?
Dialogue: 0,1:32:39.42,1:32:43.82,Default,,0,0,0,,Only 1% of major environmental disputes go to court in China
Dialogue: 0,1:32:43.82,1:32:45.06,Default,,0,0,0,,Why such a small number?
Dialogue: 0,1:32:45.06,1:32:52.90,Default,,0,0,0,,Can you guess before this year how many NGOs in China were allowed to file lawsuits?
Dialogue: 0,1:32:52.90,1:32:54.42,Default,,0,0,0,,None
Dialogue: 0,1:32:54.42,1:32:57.27,Default,,0,0,0,,This is because at the time regulations in the Civil Procedural Law
Dialogue: 0,1:32:57.27,1:32:59.78,Default,,0,0,0,,stated that only "relevant organizations" can file lawsuits
Dialogue: 0,1:32:59.78,1:33:03.54,Default,,0,0,0,,As to who these relevant organizations are, no one knows
Dialogue: 0,1:33:03.54,1:33:06.74,Default,,0,0,0,,But from January 1 2015, the new Environmental Protection Law states that as long as an organization
Dialogue: 0,1:33:06.74,1:33:09.38,Default,,0,0,0,,has been carrying out environmental protection work for 5 or more years,
Dialogue: 0,1:33:09.38,1:33:13.46,Default,,0,0,0,,and has not broken the law in any way, then they can qualify to file lawsuits
Dialogue: 0,1:33:13.46,1:33:18.66,Default,,0,0,0,,At present, some people from among the over 700 environmental protection organizations are already trying
Dialogue: 0,1:33:18.66,1:33:19.74,Default,,0,0,0,,The slogan proposed is
Dialogue: 0,1:33:19.74,1:33:23.70,Default,,0,0,0,,"Does the new environmental law have what it takes? Our partners are testing it right now."
Dialogue: 0,1:33:24.10,1:33:26.22,Default,,0,0,0,,As for ordinary people like us, if you don't have time to
Dialogue: 0,1:33:26.22,1:33:30.10,Default,,0,0,0,,join an environmental protection organization, then what else can you do?
Dialogue: 0,1:33:30.10,1:33:33.62,Default,,0,0,0,,In cooperation with Friends of Nature we have made a short animation
Dialogue: 0,1:33:33.62,1:33:36.62,Default,,0,0,0,,To Fight Smog, I'll Do My Bit For Clean Air
Dialogue: 0,1:33:36.62,1:33:41.70,Default,,0,0,0,,If you're going less than 5km please take public transportation, ride a bike, or carpool
Dialogue: 0,1:33:41.70,1:33:44.74,Default,,0,0,0,,If you drive a car, don't let the engine idle longer than 30 seconds
Dialogue: 0,1:33:45.14,1:33:47.46,Default,,0,0,0,,If you see a diesel vehicle belching black exhaust
Dialogue: 0,1:33:47.46,1:33:50.26,Default,,0,0,0,,Try calling 12369 to report it
Dialogue: 0,1:33:50.26,1:33:54.62,Default,,0,0,0,,Those "black tails" behind diesel trucks are full of PM2.5 and they endanger public health
Dialogue: 0,1:33:55.06,1:33:57.26,Default,,0,0,0,,If you see a restaurant releasing cooking smoke
Dialogue: 0,1:33:57.26,1:34:01.86,Default,,0,0,0,,Ask them to install a filtering system, or leave them a negative review online
Dialogue: 0,1:34:01.86,1:34:04.34,Default,,0,0,0,,If you see dust blowing from uncovered piles at construction sites
Dialogue: 0,1:34:04.38,1:34:06.34,Default,,0,0,0,,If you think there might be a leak at a gas station
Dialogue: 0,1:34:06.34,1:34:08.38,Default,,0,0,0,,Try calling 12369
Dialogue: 0,1:34:08.38,1:34:10.14,Default,,0,0,0,,If you burn coal at home
Dialogue: 0,1:34:10.14,1:34:13.50,Default,,0,0,0,,As much as you can, try to avoid low-quality coal
Dialogue: 0,1:34:13.50,1:34:16.50,Default,,0,0,0,,Ask your mom to clean the kitchen range and hood to keep the family healthy
Dialogue: 0,1:34:17.06,1:34:20.47,Default,,0,0,0,,And you can try taking pictures to help locate industrial pollution sources
Dialogue: 0,1:34:20.47,1:34:24.58,Default,,0,0,0,,supervise and report illegal activity and tweet @ your local environmental bureau on Weibo
Dialogue: 0,1:34:24.58,1:34:28.34,Default,,0,0,0,,Check out the list of polluting manufacturers and boycott their products
Dialogue: 0,1:34:28.86,1:34:31.34,Default,,0,0,0,,When our air quality laws are being written and revised
Dialogue: 0,1:34:31.34,1:34:34.50,Default,,0,0,0,,participate in the public commenting process and make your voice heard
Dialogue: 0,1:34:35.02,1:34:37.22,Default,,0,0,0,,With a little thought and care, the smog will start to clear
Dialogue: 0,1:34:40.58,1:34:43.58,Default,,0,0,0,,Before, when I walked by the uncovered construction site near my home
Dialogue: 0,1:34:43.58,1:34:45.50,Default,,0,0,0,,I usually just covered my nose and went on past
Dialogue: 0,1:34:45.50,1:34:52.14,Default,,0,0,0,,But now I know, at least 15% of Beijing's PM2.5 pollution comes from blowing dust
Dialogue: 0,1:34:52.14,1:34:53.38,Default,,0,0,0,,I decided I had to try
Dialogue: 0,1:35:02.54,1:35:03.82,Default,,0,0,0,,Chai: We live nearby
Dialogue: 0,1:35:03.82,1:35:06.22,Default,,0,0,0,,Why haven't you covered this dirt?
Dialogue: 0,1:35:06.22,1:35:07.38,Default,,0,0,0,,Worker: Ask our boss
Dialogue: 0,1:35:07.38,1:35:09.82,Default,,0,0,0,,Okay, where's your boss?
Dialogue: 0,1:35:09.82,1:35:11.19,Default,,0,0,0,,Over there, go look over there
Dialogue: 0,1:35:13.98,1:35:17.90,Default,,0,0,0,,You haven't covered that huge dirt pile alongside the road, the dust flies everywhere when the wind blows
Dialogue: 0,1:35:17.90,1:35:19.06,Default,,0,0,0,,Boss: I know, I know, I know, I know
Dialogue: 0,1:35:19.06,1:35:19.82,Default,,0,0,0,,It's our fault
Dialogue: 0,1:35:19.82,1:35:20.86,Default,,0,0,0,,So when are you going to cover it?
Dialogue: 0,1:35:20.86,1:35:21.58,Default,,0,0,0,,Right away
Dialogue: 0,1:35:21.58,1:35:22.34,Default,,0,0,0,,Okay
Dialogue: 0,1:35:22.34,1:35:23.30,Default,,0,0,0,,Sorry, sorry
Dialogue: 0,1:35:32.50,1:35:35.94,Default,,0,0,0,,The whole process took less than five minutes
Dialogue: 0,1:35:35.94,1:35:37.62,Default,,0,0,0,,Right before I left
Dialogue: 0,1:35:37.62,1:35:39.94,Default,,0,0,0,,The worker who told me where to find the boss said
Dialogue: 0,1:35:39.94,1:35:41.70,Default,,0,0,0,,"Do you know why he's afraid of you?"
Dialogue: 0,1:35:41.70,1:35:43.74,Default,,0,0,0,,He pointed at the mobile phone in my hand
Dialogue: 0,1:35:43.74,1:35:46.58,Default,,0,0,0,,He's afraid you'll expose him
Dialogue: 0,1:35:46.58,1:35:51.50,Default,,0,0,0,,In my building, there is a restaurant downstairs serving meat pies, and every mealtime
Dialogue: 0,1:35:51.50,1:35:54.86,Default,,0,0,0,,everything in the building smells like smoke
Dialogue: 0,1:35:54.86,1:35:57.94,Default,,0,0,0,,Before, I didn't think this is was a problem, isn't every Chinese restaurant in the world like this?
Dialogue: 0,1:35:57.94,1:36:05.62,Default,,0,0,0,,But now I know, Beijing's food service industry creates at least 6% of our PM2.5 pollution
Dialogue: 0,1:36:05.62,1:36:08.46,Default,,0,0,0,,And Beijing is home to 12% of the country's food service industry
Dialogue: 0,1:36:08.46,1:36:11.98,Default,,0,0,0,,For such a high-volume restaurant, I used to think there was nothing to be done about it
Dialogue: 0,1:36:11.98,1:36:16.22,Default,,0,0,0,,until I went to London and ate at a Chinese restaurant there, I discovered there was no smoke smell at all
Dialogue: 0,1:36:16.22,1:36:17.06,Default,,0,0,0,,Why?
Dialogue: 0,1:36:17.06,1:36:21.94,Default,,0,0,0,,The boss took me up on the roof, where I saw this
Dialogue: 0,1:36:21.94,1:36:24.38,Default,,0,0,0,,It's called a soot purifier
Dialogue: 0,1:36:24.38,1:36:29.10,Default,,0,0,0,,The London city government required them to install it, and the city inspects it regularly
Dialogue: 0,1:36:29.10,1:36:33.26,Default,,0,0,0,,I thought it must be pretty high-tech until I came back to Beijing
Dialogue: 0,1:36:33.26,1:36:36.54,Default,,0,0,0,,I found that not only does Beijing have them too, installing them is actually required
Dialogue: 0,1:36:36.54,1:36:42.74,Default,,0,0,0,,I called 12369 to make a report, and a week later, this item was delivered
Dialogue: 0,1:36:50.38,1:36:52.70,Default,,0,0,0,,The whole thing took less than half an hour
Dialogue: 0,1:36:52.70,1:36:55.86,Default,,0,0,0,,When I was filming this video clip, the restaurant boss came over and said
Dialogue: 0,1:36:55.86,1:37:01.22,Default,,0,0,0,,"Thank you for your supervision as a resident here, we hope to see you in our restaurant in the future"
Dialogue: 0,1:37:01.22,1:37:04.97,Default,,0,0,0,,For the past year, our office lunches have been nothing but meat pies
Dialogue: 0,1:37:06.10,1:37:09.06,Default,,0,0,0,,Sometimes when I walk by the neighborhood gas station, we have one downstairs
Dialogue: 0,1:37:09.06,1:37:12.30,Default,,0,0,0,,I can smell the very strong scent of gasoline
Dialogue: 0,1:37:12.30,1:37:17.42,Default,,0,0,0,,But I thought that all gas stations worldwide were like this, until I went to the United States
Dialogue: 0,1:37:17.42,1:37:22.66,Default,,0,0,0,,I saw this thing on their gas pump nozzles it's called "gasoline vapor recovery equipment"
Dialogue: 0,1:37:22.66,1:37:26.18,Default,,0,0,0,,I thought it was another high-tech thing until I came back to Beijing and discovered
Dialogue: 0,1:37:26.18,1:37:28.78,Default,,0,0,0,,we've had these things for ages, and they've been required since 2008
Dialogue: 0,1:37:28.78,1:37:34.02,Default,,0,0,0,,but many people don't maintain them properly, so they release a lot of gasoline vapor
Dialogue: 0,1:37:34.02,1:37:37.18,Default,,0,0,0,,So I called 12369 again
Dialogue: 0,1:37:40.74,1:37:44.62,Default,,0,0,0,,If you look at it facing the sun, there's a lot coming out, that means there's definitely a problem
Dialogue: 0,1:37:50.10,1:37:52.86,Default,,0,0,0,,It's not normal to smell this kind of odor when you are filling the tank
Dialogue: 0,1:37:52.86,1:37:54.14,Default,,0,0,0,,Do you see these gasoline vapors?
Dialogue: 0,1:37:58.94,1:37:59.86,Default,,0,0,0,,There shouldn't be fuel here
Dialogue: 0,1:37:59.86,1:38:00.26,Default,,0,0,0,,Right
Dialogue: 0,1:38:01.70,1:38:02.50,Default,,0,0,0,,Oh, it's wet here
Dialogue: 0,1:38:02.50,1:38:03.90,Default,,0,0,0,,That means extra gasoline was spilled
Dialogue: 0,1:38:03.90,1:38:05.74,Default,,0,0,0,,Right, fewer vapors went in
Dialogue: 0,1:38:05.74,1:38:09.10,Default,,0,0,0,,Part of the gasoline vapors escaped and went into the atmosphere
Dialogue: 0,1:38:09.10,1:38:11.22,Default,,0,0,0,,We will stop using it and it will be fixed immediately
Dialogue: 0,1:38:11.22,1:38:13.31,Default,,0,0,0,,This requires that the gas station must conduct
Dialogue: 0,1:38:13.31,1:38:16.70,Default,,0,0,0,,one compulsory inspection of its gasoline vapor recovery equipment each year
Dialogue: 0,1:38:17.50,1:38:19.46,Default,,0,0,0,,You can call 12369, that's our complaint hotline
Dialogue: 0,1:38:19.94,1:38:21.30,Default,,0,0,0,,Are you sure you will go and check it out?
Dialogue: 0,1:38:21.30,1:38:22.54,Default,,0,0,0,,Absolutely
Dialogue: 0,1:38:22.54,1:38:23.54,Default,,0,0,0,,We go 100% of the time
Dialogue: 0,1:38:25.42,1:38:27.42,Default,,0,0,0,,They promised that they would come 100% of the time
Dialogue: 0,1:38:27.42,1:38:31.90,Default,,0,0,0,,I don't know if they will really come, but by putting this sentence up here, we can see it as a kind of test
Dialogue: 0,1:38:31.90,1:38:33.42,Default,,0,0,0,,We can remember this number
Dialogue: 0,1:38:33.42,1:38:34.94,Default,,0,0,0,,12369
Dialogue: 0,1:38:34.94,1:38:38.18,Default,,0,0,0,,If you don't call that number, then it will forever remain just a number
Dialogue: 0,1:38:38.18,1:38:40.50,Default,,0,0,0,,I've said that this wasn't a happy year for me
Dialogue: 0,1:38:40.50,1:38:42.98,Default,,0,0,0,,I've felt like my life has been quite uncertain from day to day
Dialogue: 0,1:38:42.98,1:38:44.17,Default,,0,0,0,,That's true
Dialogue: 0,1:38:44.70,1:38:48.74,Default,,0,0,0,,Whenever the pollution was bad I didn't know where I'd be tomorrow or where I'd be in the future
Dialogue: 0,1:38:48.74,1:38:54.14,Default,,0,0,0,,But still, the moment the restaurant owner finished installing the smoke filtering device
Dialogue: 0,1:38:54.14,1:38:56.58,Default,,0,0,0,,I suddenly felt like my feet had landed on solid ground
Dialogue: 0,1:38:56.58,1:38:58.74,Default,,0,0,0,,It's a hard feeling to describe
Dialogue: 0,1:38:58.74,1:39:03.54,Default,,0,0,0,,You know perfectly well that the effect on improving air quality is completely minuscule
Dialogue: 0,1:39:03.54,1:39:07.18,Default,,0,0,0,,but if one person knows that because they did one small thing
Dialogue: 0,1:39:07.18,1:39:11.30,Default,,0,0,0,,the situation actually improved a little bit that person can feel more at peace about things
Dialogue: 0,1:39:11.30,1:39:17.18,Default,,0,0,0,,So when you look back at the war between people and pollution you see this is how history is made
Dialogue: 0,1:39:17.18,1:39:19.42,Default,,0,0,0,,It's tens of millions of ordinary people
Dialogue: 0,1:39:19.42,1:39:22.10,Default,,0,0,0,,One day they say "No"
Dialogue: 0,1:39:22.10,1:39:22.82,Default,,0,0,0,,I'm not satisfied
Dialogue: 0,1:39:23.94,1:39:25.46,Default,,0,0,0,,I don't want to wait
Dialogue: 0,1:39:25.46,1:39:28.58,Default,,0,0,0,,I'm not going to shirk the responsibility, I'm going to stand up and do something
Dialogue: 0,1:39:28.58,1:39:31.10,Default,,0,0,0,,I'm going to do it, right now
Dialogue: 0,1:39:31.10,1:39:34.22,Default,,0,0,0,,At this moment, at this place
Dialogue: 0,1:39:34.22,1:39:35.22,Default,,0,0,0,,I am going to do it
Dialogue: 0,1:39:42.06,1:39:47.34,Default,,0,0,0,,Unless we do bring these chemicals under better control, we're certainly headed for disaster
Dialogue: 0,1:40:11.26,1:40:14.10,Default,,0,0,0,,This whole system that we call home
Dialogue: 0,1:40:14.10,1:40:19.14,Default,,0,0,0,,People in Tokyo suffering from asthma are suing Japanese car manufacturers for compensation
Dialogue: 0,1:40:19.14,1:40:23.70,Default,,0,0,0,,for the harm caused by tailpipe emissions
Dialogue: 0,1:40:23.70,1:40:28.10,Default,,0,0,0,,We have the right to know, the right to participate, the right to sue for damages
Dialogue: 0,1:40:28.10,1:40:29.34,Default,,0,0,0,,Everyone join together
Dialogue: 0,1:40:29.34,1:40:32.26,Default,,0,0,0,,Together we will make our generation's choice to go green successful
Dialogue: 0,1:40:32.26,1:40:37.14,Default,,0,0,0,,If you don't know how to fix it, please stop breaking it
Dialogue: 0,1:40:37.14,1:40:40.06,Default,,0,0,0,,You grown ups say you love us
Dialogue: 0,1:40:40.06,1:40:42.66,Default,,0,0,0,,Please, take action
Dialogue: 0,1:40:42.66,1:40:51.62,Default,,0,0,0,,And for me, it is absolutely my responsibility to do whatever it takes to protect my child
Dialogue: 0,1:40:58.38,1:41:02.54,Default,,0,0,0,,When the smog becomes heavy, there's at least one thing we can do
Dialogue: 0,1:41:04.38,1:41:07.58,Default,,0,0,0,,That is to protect yourself and your loved ones
Dialogue: 0,1:41:07.58,1:41:11.14,Default,,0,0,0,,When I drew this little bear on a piece of paper
Dialogue: 0,1:41:11.14,1:41:13.74,Default,,0,0,0,,I recalled all the feelings from when my daughter was ill
Dialogue: 0,1:41:13.74,1:41:18.66,Default,,0,0,0,,all my fear of losing her and all my hope of protecting her
Dialogue: 0,1:41:18.66,1:41:25.82,Default,,0,0,0,,I wish that all other mothers in this world would never have to feel the same
Dialogue: 0,1:41:25.82,1:41:34.22,Default,,0,0,0,,Now she has grown up, healthy and recovered, strong and lively, and as chubby as before
Dialogue: 0,1:41:34.22,1:41:37.86,Default,,0,0,0,,She loves nature, and the small animals in it
Dialogue: 0,1:41:37.86,1:41:40.46,Default,,0,0,0,,but often I cannot take her outdoors
Dialogue: 0,1:41:40.46,1:41:44.18,Default,,0,0,0,,So in her own little flower pot, she has been raising a snail
Dialogue: 0,1:41:44.18,1:41:51.34,Default,,0,0,0,,When she wakes up every morning, she runs to the pot and blows on the snail, hoping to help it grow up
Dialogue: 0,1:41:51.34,1:41:54.26,Default,,0,0,0,,She love this world so much
Dialogue: 0,1:41:54.86,1:42:00.62,Default,,0,0,0,,Right now, tens of thousands of mothers are pregnant with or giving birth to their children
Dialogue: 0,1:42:00.62,1:42:09.30,Default,,0,0,0,,to whom these rivers, skies and lands should belong
Dialogue: 0,1:42:09.30,1:42:12.70,Default,,0,0,0,,We have no right to consume without restraint
Dialogue: 0,1:42:12.70,1:42:16.62,Default,,0,0,0,,We have no right to complain without building anew
Dialogue: 0,1:42:16.62,1:42:18.61,Default,,0,0,0,,We have a responsibility to prove to them
Dialogue: 0,1:42:18.61,1:42:22.50,Default,,0,0,0,,that a world illuminated by energy can, at the same time, be clean and beautiful
Dialogue: 0,1:42:26.22,1:42:32.34,Default,,0,0,0,,Every time I look into the night sky and see this planet's lonely rotations
Dialogue: 0,1:42:32.34,1:42:37.30,Default,,0,0,0,,I sense a kind of indescribable attachment and warmth
Dialogue: 0,1:42:37.30,1:42:41.62,Default,,0,0,0,,Someday in the future, I will leave this world
Dialogue: 0,1:42:41.62,1:42:48.22,Default,,0,0,0,,but my child will continue among the living, and I'll still be connected to it
Dialogue: 0,1:42:48.22,1:42:53.42,Default,,0,0,0,,And so I gaze upon it, just as I gaze upon you
Dialogue: 0,1:42:53.42,1:42:58.82,Default,,0,0,0,,And so I protect it, just as I protect you
Dialogue: 0,1:43:43.00,1:43:52.00,Default,,0,0,0,,Subtitles: Crowdsourced by Linghein Ho and friends
Dialogue: 0,1:43:52.37,1:43:55.73,Default,,0,0,0,,Under The Dome, by Chai Jing