From 442f7402b7fba89a62d798c8b503e31c1f3383d3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zeqiang Li <zeqiang-li@outlook.com>
Date: Thu, 31 Aug 2023 15:03:42 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 01/59] macos 10.x -> 11+ api change (#16153)

---
 native/cocos/renderer/gfx-metal/MTLTexture.mm | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-metal/MTLTexture.mm b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-metal/MTLTexture.mm
index 2359cd99697..028baba2a35 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-metal/MTLTexture.mm
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-metal/MTLTexture.mm
@@ -235,6 +235,7 @@ of this software and associated engine source code (the "Software"), a limited,
     descriptor.arrayLength = _info.type == TextureType::CUBE ? 1 : _info.layerCount;
 
     bool memoryless = false;
+#if !(CC_PLATFORM == CC_PLATFORM_MACOS && __MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED < 110000)
     if (@available(macos 11.0, ios 10.0, *)) {
         memoryless = hasFlag(_info.flags, TextureFlagBit::LAZILY_ALLOCATED) &&
             hasAllFlags(TextureUsageBit::COLOR_ATTACHMENT | TextureUsageBit::DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT | TextureUsageBit::INPUT_ATTACHMENT, _info.usage);
@@ -243,7 +244,7 @@ of this software and associated engine source code (the "Software"), a limited,
             _allocateMemory = false;
         }
     }
-
+#endif
     if (!memoryless && !_isPVRTC) {
         // pvrtc can not use blit encoder to upload data.
         descriptor.storageMode = MTLStorageModePrivate;

From 2b275816fcb651fb1ee890ed54447d17044eaabf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: troublemaker52025 <troublemaker52025@outlook.com>
Date: Thu, 31 Aug 2023 16:00:36 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 02/59] post-final pass keep alpha channel (#16149)

---
 editor/assets/effects/pipeline/post-process/post-final.effect | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/editor/assets/effects/pipeline/post-process/post-final.effect b/editor/assets/effects/pipeline/post-process/post-final.effect
index a1c6e08c4d2..3d8aa313f37 100644
--- a/editor/assets/effects/pipeline/post-process/post-final.effect
+++ b/editor/assets/effects/pipeline/post-process/post-final.effect
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ CCProgram fs %{
   layout(location = 0) out vec4 fragColor;
 
   void main () {
-    fragColor = vec4(texture(inputTexture, v_uv).rgb, 1.0);
+    fragColor = texture(inputTexture, v_uv);
   }
 
 }%

From 4d213938e972e84ba718e18927e8be6dfbe01727 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E9=BB=84=E6=A3=AE=E6=96=8C?= <arsen2010@126.com>
Date: Thu, 31 Aug 2023 16:22:24 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 03/59] fix update widget occur error (#16139)

* fix update widget occur error

* update expression
---
 editor/inspector/components/widget.js  | 8 ++++++--
 editor/inspector/contributions/node.js | 6 +++---
 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editor/inspector/components/widget.js b/editor/inspector/components/widget.js
index a4b52964acd..85e97d536a5 100644
--- a/editor/inspector/components/widget.js
+++ b/editor/inspector/components/widget.js
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ const Vue = require('vue/dist/vue.min.js');
 const propUtils = require('../utils/prop');
 
 const cssMediaWidth = 340;
+let layout = 'vertical';
 
 exports.template = `
 <style>
@@ -947,11 +948,14 @@ exports.methods = {
     },
     setLayout() {
         const rect = this.$this.getBoundingClientRect();
+
+        this.layout ??= layout;
+
         if (rect.width) {
             if (rect.width > cssMediaWidth) {
-                this.layout = 'horizontal';
+                layout = this.layout = 'horizontal';
             } else {
-                this.layout = 'vertical';
+                layout = this.layout = 'vertical';
             }
         }
     },
diff --git a/editor/inspector/contributions/node.js b/editor/inspector/contributions/node.js
index efd9c8c9279..171a1093c3b 100644
--- a/editor/inspector/contributions/node.js
+++ b/editor/inspector/contributions/node.js
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ exports.template = /* html*/`
         <section class="component scene">
             <ui-prop class="release" type="dump"></ui-prop>
             <ui-prop class="ambient" type="dump" ui-section-config></ui-prop>
-            <ui-section class="skybox config" expand>
+            <ui-section class="skybox config" expand cache-expand="inspector-scene-skybox">
                 <div slot="header" class="component-header">
                     <span>Skybox</span>
                     <ui-link tooltip="i18n:scene.menu.help_url">
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ exports.template = /* html*/`
                     </ui-link>
                 </div>
                 <div class="before"></div>
-                <ui-section class="envmap" expand>
+                <ui-section class="envmap" expand cache-expand="inspector-scene-skybox-envmap">
                     <ui-label slot="header" value="Envmap"></ui-label>
                     <ui-radio-group class="useHDR" default-value="HDR" value="HDR">
                         <ui-prop class="envmap-prop">
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ exports.template = /* html*/`
             <ui-prop class="postSettings" type="dump" ui-section-config></ui-prop>
         </section>
 
-        <ui-section class="component node config" expand>
+        <ui-section class="component node config" expand cache-expand="inspector-node">
             <header class="component-header" slot="header">
                 <span class="name">Node</span>
                 <ui-link class="link" tooltip="i18n:ENGINE.menu.help_url">

From 2b18d25bff5225b48d6632dd0a986da06b6f05e0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James Chen <dumganhar@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 31 Aug 2023 17:46:06 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 04/59] Add openharmony CI support (#16151)

* Add ci support for Openharmony

* Add ci support for Openharmony

* Update native-compile-platforms.yml

* Update native-compile-platforms.yml

* Update ci yml

* Add executable permission for hvigorw

* Don't output too many log

* test hvigorw now

* Update ci yml

* Update ci yml

* Fix that could not find common/CMakeLists.txt

* build success

* Build hap package
---
 .../workflows/native-compile-platforms.yml    | 151 ++++++++++++++++++
 templates/openharmony/hvigorw                 |   0
 2 files changed, 151 insertions(+)
 mode change 100644 => 100755 templates/openharmony/hvigorw

diff --git a/.github/workflows/native-compile-platforms.yml b/.github/workflows/native-compile-platforms.yml
index addaa8c96d2..3f018139dfb 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/native-compile-platforms.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/native-compile-platforms.yml
@@ -200,6 +200,157 @@ jobs:
           ./gradlew :CocosGame:assembleDebug --quiet
           echo "Compile Android Debug Done!"
 
+  compile_openharmony:
+    name: "Openharmony"
+    if: 
+      (! contains(github.event.pull_request.body, '[X] does not change any runtime related code or build configuration'))
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Download external libraries
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          EXT_VERSION=`node ./.github/workflows/get-native-external-version.js`
+          git clone --branch $EXT_VERSION --depth 1 https://github.com/cocos/cocos-engine-external native/external
+      - uses: actions/setup-java@v3
+        id: setup-jdk
+        with:
+          distribution: 'zulu'
+          java-version: '17'
+      - name: Get oh sdk cache directory path
+        id: oh-sdk-cache-dir-path
+        run: |
+          echo "cache dir: "
+          echo "dir=$HOME/openharmony" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+      - name: Output cache dir
+        run: |
+          echo "Output cache dir: ${{ steps.oh-sdk-cache-dir-path.outputs.dir }}"
+
+      - name: Cache OH SDK
+        id: cache-oh-sdk
+        uses: actions/cache@v3
+        env:
+          cache-name: cache-oh-sdk-2
+        with:
+          path: ${{ steps.oh-sdk-cache-dir-path.outputs.dir }}
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-build-${{ env.cache-name }}
+
+      - name: Add package.json
+        run: |
+          echo "{}" > package.json
+          echo "{\"name\": \"tests\",\"lockfileVersion\": 3,\"requires\": true,\"packages\": {}}" > package-lock.json
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+        with:
+          node-version: 14
+          cache: 'npm'
+
+      - if: ${{ steps.cache-oh-sdk.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' }}
+        name: No Cache found, install oh sdk
+        continue-on-error: false
+        run: |
+          if [ ! -d "$HOME/openharmony" ]; then
+            mkdir -p $HOME/openharmony
+            echo "Download commandline-tools-linux.zip ..."
+            curl -o commandline-tools-linux.zip "https://contentcenter-vali-drcn.dbankcdn.cn/pvt_2/DeveloperAlliance_package_901_9/b1/v3/E6zhv5UFQ2-inIwNJhTN6Q/commandline-tools-linux-2.0.0.2.zip?HW-CC-KV=V1&HW-CC-Date=20230621T074401Z&HW-CC-Expire=315360000&HW-CC-Sign=621224257B02079B1E76C0A56FDF21483400B1E3556213F88DC79BC9BE7D595D"
+            echo "Unzip commandline-tools-linux.zip ..."
+            unzip commandline-tools-linux.zip -d $HOME/openharmony > /dev/null
+            cd $HOME/openharmony
+            ls -l
+            cd command-line-tools
+            echo "=============== PATCHING sdkmanager/bin/sdkmgr file ==============="
+            sed -i "s@-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8@-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Duser.country=CN@g" ./sdkmanager/bin/sdkmgr
+            cd bin
+            ./sdkmgr list
+            echo "=============== INSTALL HOS toolchains:9 ==============="
+            ./sdkmgr install toolchains:9 --accept-license > /dev/null
+            echo "=============== INSTALL OH SDK ets:9 ==============="
+            ./sdkmgr install OpenHarmony/ets:9 --accept-license > /dev/null
+            echo "=============== INSTALL OH SDK js:9 ==============="
+            ./sdkmgr install OpenHarmony/js:9 --accept-license > /dev/null
+            echo "=============== INSTALL OH SDK native:9 ==============="
+            ./sdkmgr install OpenHarmony/native:9 --accept-license > /dev/null
+            echo "=============== INSTALL OH SDK toolchains:9 ==============="
+            ./sdkmgr install OpenHarmony/toolchains:9 --accept-license > /dev/null
+            echo "=============== INSTALL OH SDK DONE ==============="
+            ./sdkmgr list
+          fi
+
+      - name: Compile for Openharmony
+        run: |
+          which node
+          which npm
+          which java
+          node -v
+          npm -v
+          java --version
+          echo "=============== list files in oh sdk ($HOME/openharmony) ==============="
+          pushd $HOME/openharmony
+          ls -l
+          popd
+
+          NATIVE_ROOT=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/native
+          echo "Compiling Openharmony ... "
+
+          cd $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/templates/openharmony
+
+          echo "message(STATUS \"hook before \${CC_TARGET_NAME}\")" >> Pre-Sample.cmake
+          echo "message(STATUS \"hook after \${CC_TARGET_NAME}\")" >> Post-Sample.cmake
+
+          mkdir -p build-oh/proj
+          touch build-oh/proj/cfg.cmake
+          echo "set(CC_USE_GLES3 ON)" >> build-oh/proj/cfg.cmake
+          echo "set(CC_USE_VULKAN OFF)" >> build-oh/proj/cfg.cmake
+          echo "set(CC_USE_GLES2 ON)" >> build-oh/proj/cfg.cmake
+          echo "set(USE_WEBSOCKET_SERVER OFF)" >> build-oh/proj/cfg.cmake
+          echo "set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)" >> build-oh/proj/cfg.cmake
+          echo "set(COCOS_X_PATH $NATIVE_ROOT)" >> build-oh/proj/cfg.cmake
+          echo "set(CC_EXECUTABLE_NAME \"\")" >> build-oh/proj/cfg.cmake
+
+          echo "=============== cat build-oh/proj/cfg.cmake ==============="
+          cat build-oh/proj/cfg.cmake
+
+          mkdir -p build-oh/assets
+
+          ASSET_DIR=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/templates/openharmony/build-oh
+
+          echo "=============== HACK ./entry/build-profile.json5 ==============="
+          sed -i "s@[^-]DRES_DIR[^=]@$ASSET_DIR@g" ./entry/build-profile.json5
+          sed -i "s@[^-]DCOMMON_DIR[^=]@$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/templates/common@g" ./entry/build-profile.json5
+          # To speedup CI, compile arm64-v8a only
+          sed -i "s@\"armeabi-v7a\",@@g" ./entry/build-profile.json5
+
+          echo "entry/build-profile.json5: "
+          cat ./entry/build-profile.json5
+
+          echo "=============== HACK ./hvigor/hvigor-wrapper.js ==============="
+          sed -i "s@HVIGOR_WRAPPER_PNPM_SCRIPT_PATH,\[\"install\"\]@HVIGOR_WRAPPER_PNPM_SCRIPT_PATH,\[\"install\", \"--lockfile=false\"\]@g" ./hvigor/hvigor-wrapper.js
+
+          echo "=============== SET NPM OH REGISTRY ==============="
+          echo "@ohos:registry=https://repo.harmonyos.com/npm/" >> ~/.npmrc
+          npm config get @ohos:registry
+          npm config get registry
+
+          echo "=============== UPDATE local.properties ==============="
+          echo "nodejs.dir=/usr/bin" >> local.properties
+          echo "hwsdk.dir=$HOME/openharmony/hwsdk" >> local.properties
+
+          echo "=============== UPDATE ./hvigor/hvigor-config.json5 ==============="
+          echo "{\"hvigorVersion\":\"3.0.2\",\"dependencies\":{\"@ohos/hvigor-ohos-plugin\":\"3.0.2\"}}" > ./hvigor/hvigor-config.json5
+
+          echo "=============== Do not import game.ts for cocos_worker.ts ==============="
+          sed -i "s@import . launchEngine .@const window = globalThis;//@g" ./entry/src/main/ets/workers/cocos_worker.ts
+          sed -i 's@launchEngine().then@/*@g' ./entry/src/main/ets/workers/cocos_worker.ts
+          sed -i 's@window.oh.postMessage@*/window.oh.postMessage@g' ./entry/src/main/ets/workers/cocos_worker.ts
+
+          echo "=============== EXECUTE hvigorw ==============="
+          ./hvigorw clean -i
+          ./hvigorw --stop-daemon -i
+          ./hvigorw assembleHap -p debuggable=true --no-daemon -d
+          #./hvigorw default@ProcessLibs -p debuggable=true --no-daemon -d
+          echo "=============== EXECUTE hvigorw DONE ==============="
+
+
   compile_mac_x86_64:
     name: "MacOS x86_64"
     if: 
diff --git a/templates/openharmony/hvigorw b/templates/openharmony/hvigorw
old mode 100644
new mode 100755

From 772bfcea22dc12d5340cefbd4cab32ccd83926f8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zach Lee <bluesky013@126.com>
Date: Fri, 1 Sep 2023 14:07:55 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 05/59] fix web pipeline framebuffer resize issue. (#16157)

* fix web pipeline framebuffer resize issue.

* fix lint.
---
 cocos/gfx/base/framebuffer.ts          | 10 ++++++++++
 cocos/gfx/webgl/webgl-framebuffer.ts   |  2 ++
 cocos/gfx/webgl2/webgl2-framebuffer.ts |  2 ++
 cocos/rendering/custom/executor.ts     | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++--
 4 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cocos/gfx/base/framebuffer.ts b/cocos/gfx/base/framebuffer.ts
index 71c04e1f54b..d609db6bd67 100644
--- a/cocos/gfx/base/framebuffer.ts
+++ b/cocos/gfx/base/framebuffer.ts
@@ -55,9 +55,19 @@ export abstract class Framebuffer extends GFXObject {
         return this._depthStencilTexture;
     }
 
+    public get width (): number {
+        return this._width;
+    }
+
+    public get height (): number {
+        return this._height;
+    }
+
     protected _renderPass: RenderPass | null = null;
     protected _colorTextures: (Texture | null)[] = [];
     protected _depthStencilTexture: Texture | null = null;
+    protected _width: number = 0;
+    protected _height: number = 0;
 
     constructor () {
         super(ObjectType.FRAMEBUFFER);
diff --git a/cocos/gfx/webgl/webgl-framebuffer.ts b/cocos/gfx/webgl/webgl-framebuffer.ts
index aeab6338e91..448239c19c6 100644
--- a/cocos/gfx/webgl/webgl-framebuffer.ts
+++ b/cocos/gfx/webgl/webgl-framebuffer.ts
@@ -96,6 +96,8 @@ export class WebGLFramebuffer extends Framebuffer {
         };
 
         WebGLCmdFuncCreateFramebuffer(WebGLDeviceManager.instance, this._gpuFramebuffer);
+        this._width = this._gpuFramebuffer.width;
+        this._height = this._gpuFramebuffer.height;
     }
 
     public destroy (): void {
diff --git a/cocos/gfx/webgl2/webgl2-framebuffer.ts b/cocos/gfx/webgl2/webgl2-framebuffer.ts
index 255c7a9a6b3..539857308ce 100644
--- a/cocos/gfx/webgl2/webgl2-framebuffer.ts
+++ b/cocos/gfx/webgl2/webgl2-framebuffer.ts
@@ -90,6 +90,8 @@ export class WebGL2Framebuffer extends Framebuffer {
         };
 
         WebGL2CmdFuncCreateFramebuffer(WebGL2DeviceManager.instance, this._gpuFramebuffer);
+        this._width = this._gpuFramebuffer.width;
+        this._height = this._gpuFramebuffer.height;
     }
 
     public destroy (): void {
diff --git a/cocos/rendering/custom/executor.ts b/cocos/rendering/custom/executor.ts
index 2ba97a70061..5c1191dc03d 100644
--- a/cocos/rendering/custom/executor.ts
+++ b/cocos/rendering/custom/executor.ts
@@ -953,6 +953,25 @@ class DeviceRenderPass {
         if (this.renderLayout && this.renderLayout.descriptorSet) {
             this.renderLayout.descriptorSet.update();
         }
+
+        const resGraph = context.resourceGraph;
+        const currentWidth = this._framebuffer ? this._framebuffer.width : 0;
+        const currentHeight = this._framebuffer ? this._framebuffer.height : 0;
+
+        let width = 0;
+        let height = 0;
+        for (const [resName, rasterV] of this._rasterInfo.pass.rasterViews) {
+            if (rasterV.attachmentType === AttachmentType.SHADING_RATE) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            const resId = resGraph.vertex(resName);
+            const resDesc = resGraph.getDesc(resId);
+            width = resDesc.width;
+            height = resDesc.height;
+            break;
+        }
+        const needRebuild = (width !== currentWidth) || (height !== currentHeight);
+
         for (const [resName, rasterV] of this._rasterInfo.pass.rasterViews) {
             let deviceTex = context.deviceTextures.get(resName)!;
             const currTex = deviceTex;
@@ -966,8 +985,7 @@ class DeviceRenderPass {
             const resDesc = resGraph.getDesc(resId);
             if (deviceTex.framebuffer && resFbo instanceof Framebuffer && deviceTex.framebuffer !== resFbo) {
                 framebuffer = this._framebuffer = deviceTex.framebuffer = resFbo;
-            } else if (!currTex || (deviceTex.texture
-                && (deviceTex.texture.width !== resDesc.width || deviceTex.texture.height !== resDesc.height))) {
+            } else if (!currTex || (deviceTex.texture && needRebuild)) {
                 const gfxTex = deviceTex.texture!;
                 if (currTex) gfxTex.resize(resDesc.width, resDesc.height);
                 switch (rasterV.attachmentType) {

From e2e4ceb1f8a9c969b4083ba6fb87d871fdf6a15d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: hyde zhou <zlzhou.sh@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 1 Sep 2023 15:22:45 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 06/59] change shader strip (#16167)

---
 native/cocos/renderer/gfx-base/SPIRVUtils.cpp | 5 ++---
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-base/SPIRVUtils.cpp b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-base/SPIRVUtils.cpp
index fd13a5bc7de..f47730a28fb 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-base/SPIRVUtils.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-base/SPIRVUtils.cpp
@@ -144,13 +144,12 @@ void SPIRVUtils::compileGLSL(ShaderStageFlagBit type, const ccstd::string &sourc
     spv::SpvBuildLogger logger;
     glslang::SpvOptions spvOptions;
 
-    spvOptions.disableOptimizer = false;
+    spvOptions.disableOptimizer = false; // Do not disable optimizer in debug mode. It will cause the shader to fail to compile.
     spvOptions.optimizeSize = true;
-    spvOptions.stripDebugInfo = true;
 #if CC_DEBUG > 0
     // spvOptions.validate = true;
 #else
-    //
+    spvOptions.stripDebugInfo = true;
 #endif
     glslang::GlslangToSpv(*_program->getIntermediate(stage), _output, &logger, &spvOptions);
 }

From ba70fe19db63e3b9e3d937951809a1fc119ca5e7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Canvas <Canvasfull@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 1 Sep 2023 15:36:06 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 07/59] fix bind cont EventData * bind, modify the address as a
 reference. (#16105)

* fix bind cont EventData * bind, modify the address as a reference.

* change external-config checkout to v3.8.1-19.

* optimize const bind data, use const_cast<Type> & fix spine define api.

* fix wasm api getId & getOffset & <size_t> bones.

* fix wasm & asm const string.

* fix const std::string path to const std::string &path.

* change external-config checkout v3.8.1-19 to v3.8.1-20.
---
 cocos/spine/lib/spine-define.ts               | 20 +++++++-------
 .../spine-wasm/spine-type-export.cpp          | 26 ++++++++++++++-----
 native/external-config.json                   |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cocos/spine/lib/spine-define.ts b/cocos/spine/lib/spine-define.ts
index 28d53f939f2..f267bf1c1fe 100644
--- a/cocos/spine/lib/spine-define.ts
+++ b/cocos/spine/lib/spine-define.ts
@@ -524,7 +524,6 @@ function overrideProperty_VertexAttachment (): void {
             proto: prototype,
             property: 'id',
             getter: prototype.getId,
-            setter: prototype.setId,
         },
         {
             proto: prototype,
@@ -727,15 +726,12 @@ function overrideProperty_RegionAttachment (): void {
             property: 'rendererObject',
             getter: prototype.getRendererObject,
         },
-        {
-            proto: prototype,
-            property: 'offset',
-            getter: prototype.getOffset,
-        },
     ];
     propertyPolyfills.forEach((prop): void => {
         js.getset(prop.proto, prop.property, prop.getter, prop.setter);
     });
+
+    overrideDefineArrayProp(prototype, prototype.getOffset, 'offset');
     overrideDefineArrayPropGetSet(prototype, prototype.getUVs, prototype.setUVs, spine.wasmUtil.wasm.VectorFloat, 'uvs');
 }
 
@@ -766,6 +762,11 @@ function overrideProperty_SlotData (): void {
             property: 'index',
             getter: prototype.getIndex,
         },
+        {
+            proto: prototype,
+            property: 'boneData',
+            getter: prototype.getBoneData,
+        },
         {
             proto: prototype,
             property: 'name',
@@ -791,8 +792,6 @@ function overrideProperty_SlotData (): void {
     propertyPolyfills.forEach((prop): void => {
         js.getset(prop.proto, prop.property, prop.getter, prop.setter);
     });
-    overrideDefineArrayProp(prototype, prototype.getBoneData, 'boneData');
-    overrideDefineArrayProp(prototype, prototype.getDeform, 'deform');
 }
 
 function overrideProperty_IkConstraint (): void {
@@ -1226,13 +1225,14 @@ function overrideProperty_Slot (): void {
         },
         {
             proto: prototype,
-            property: 'deform',
-            getter: prototype.getDeform,
+            property: 'skeleton',
+            getter: prototype.getSkeleton,
         },
     ];
     propertyPolyfills.forEach((prop): void => {
         js.getset(prop.proto, prop.property, prop.getter);
     });
+    overrideDefineArrayProp(prototype, prototype.getDeform, 'deform');
 }
 
 function overrideProperty_Skin (): void {
diff --git a/native/cocos/editor-support/spine-wasm/spine-type-export.cpp b/native/cocos/editor-support/spine-wasm/spine-type-export.cpp
index d612247558b..7a22a0a30ba 100644
--- a/native/cocos/editor-support/spine-wasm/spine-type-export.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/editor-support/spine-wasm/spine-type-export.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,15 @@ std::vector<T> VECTOR_SP2STD(Vector<T> &container) {
     return stdVector;
 }
 
+std::vector<float> VECTOR_SP2STD_SIZE_T(Vector<size_t> &container) {
+    int count = container.size();
+    std::vector<float> stdVector(count);
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        stdVector[i] = container[i];
+    }
+    return stdVector;
+}
+
 const std::vector<std::string> VECTOR_SP2STD_STRING(Vector<String> &container) {
     int count = container.size();
     std::vector<std::string> stdVector(count);
@@ -316,7 +325,7 @@ EMSCRIPTEN_BINDINGS(spine) {
     class_<Event>("Event")
         .constructor<float, const EventData &>()
         .function("getData", optional_override([](Event &obj) {
-            return &obj.getData(); }), allow_raw_pointers())
+            return const_cast<EventData*>(&obj.getData()); }), allow_raw_pointers())
         .function("getIntValue", &Event::getIntValue)
         .function("setIntValue", &Event::setIntValue)
         .function("getFloatValue", &Event::getFloatValue)
@@ -358,9 +367,9 @@ EMSCRIPTEN_BINDINGS(spine) {
 
     // pure_virtual and raw pointer
     class_<VertexAttachment, base<Attachment>>("VertexAttachment")
-        .function("id", &VertexAttachment::getId)
+        .function("getId", &VertexAttachment::getId)
         .function("getBones", optional_override([](VertexAttachment &obj) {
-            return VECTOR_SP2STD(obj.getBones()); }), allow_raw_pointers())
+            return VECTOR_SP2STD_SIZE_T(obj.getBones()); }), allow_raw_pointers())
         .function("getVertices", optional_override([](VertexAttachment &obj) {
             return VECTOR_SP2STD(obj.getVertices()); }), allow_raw_pointers())
         .function("getWorldVerticesLength", &VertexAttachment::getWorldVerticesLength)
@@ -390,7 +399,9 @@ EMSCRIPTEN_BINDINGS(spine) {
         .constructor<const String &>()
         .function("getPath", optional_override([](MeshAttachment &obj) {
             return STRING_SP2STD(obj.getPath()); }))
-        .function("setPath", &MeshAttachment::setPath)
+        .function("setPath", optional_override([](MeshAttachment &obj, const std::string &path) {
+            const String &pathSP = STRING_STD2SP(path);
+            obj.setPath(pathSP); }))
         .function("getRegionUVs", optional_override([](MeshAttachment &obj) {
             return VECTOR_SP2STD(obj.getRegionUVs());}))
         .function("getUVs", optional_override([](MeshAttachment &obj) {
@@ -456,9 +467,12 @@ EMSCRIPTEN_BINDINGS(spine) {
             return &obj.getColor(); }), allow_raw_pointers())
         .function("getPath", optional_override([](RegionAttachment &obj) {
             return STRING_SP2STD(obj.getPath()); }))
-        .function("setPath", &RegionAttachment::setPath)
+        .function("setPath", optional_override([](RegionAttachment &obj, const std::string &path) {
+            const String &pathSP = STRING_STD2SP(path);
+            obj.setPath(pathSP); }))
         .function("getRendererObject", &RegionAttachment::getRendererObject, allow_raw_pointers())
-        .function("getOffset", &RegionAttachment::getOffset)
+        .function("getOffset", optional_override([](RegionAttachment &obj) {
+            return VECTOR_SP2STD(obj.getOffset());}), allow_raw_pointers())
         .function("setUVs", optional_override([](RegionAttachment &obj, std::vector<float> &data) {
             auto uvs = obj.getUVs();
             int count = data.size();
diff --git a/native/external-config.json b/native/external-config.json
index 58e7de228dc..84d9a496669 100644
--- a/native/external-config.json
+++ b/native/external-config.json
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@
         "type": "github",
         "owner": "cocos-creator",
         "name": "engine-native-external",
-        "checkout": "v3.8.1-18"
+        "checkout": "v3.8.1-20"
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file

From 70b787510198eb9d712ffd6f22e1f5c891c8fa79 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ChiaNing <sun.cloud.mo@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 1 Sep 2023 15:36:47 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 08/59] don`t destroy sub com when mask destroy (#16162)

---
 cocos/2d/components/mask.ts | 2 --
 1 file changed, 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cocos/2d/components/mask.ts b/cocos/2d/components/mask.ts
index a01247055d4..4cb13d13d42 100644
--- a/cocos/2d/components/mask.ts
+++ b/cocos/2d/components/mask.ts
@@ -456,11 +456,9 @@ export class Mask extends Component {
 
     protected _removeMaskNode (): void {
         if (this._sprite) {
-            this._sprite.destroy();
             this._sprite = null;
         }
         if (this._graphics) {
-            this._graphics.destroy();
             this._graphics = null;
         }
     }

From 692d3dc3540ffe2472e2f20f1b66f4830972522c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jk20012001 <jkregister@163.com>
Date: Fri, 1 Sep 2023 16:15:58 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 09/59] fix debug view with custom pipeline and revert LDR fog
 to HDR (#16163)

---
 .../chunks/common/color/tone-mapping.chunk    |  2 ++
 .../main-functions/misc/sky-fs.chunk          | 15 ++++-----
 .../render-to-scene/pipeline/forward-fs.chunk | 23 +++++++-------
 .../effects/advanced/fabric.effect.meta       |  2 +-
 editor/assets/effects/advanced/leaf.effect    |  2 +-
 .../pipeline/float-output-process.effect      | 31 +++++++------------
 editor/i18n/en/assets.js                      |  2 +-
 editor/i18n/zh/assets.js                      |  2 +-
 8 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 41 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editor/assets/chunks/common/color/tone-mapping.chunk b/editor/assets/chunks/common/color/tone-mapping.chunk
index 5f35af77b09..6808b806772 100644
--- a/editor/assets/chunks/common/color/tone-mapping.chunk
+++ b/editor/assets/chunks/common/color/tone-mapping.chunk
@@ -8,10 +8,12 @@ vec3 HDRToLDR(vec3 color)
     #if CC_USE_DEBUG_VIEW == CC_SURFACES_DEBUG_VIEW_COMPOSITE_AND_MISC && CC_SURFACES_ENABLE_DEBUG_VIEW
       if (IS_DEBUG_VIEW_COMPOSITE_ENABLE_TONE_MAPPING)
     #endif
+    {
     // linear exposure has already applied to light intensity
     #if CC_TONE_MAPPING_TYPE == HDR_TONE_MAPPING_ACES
       color.rgb = ACESToneMap(color.rgb);
     #endif
+    }
   #endif
 	
   return color;
diff --git a/editor/assets/chunks/shading-entries/main-functions/misc/sky-fs.chunk b/editor/assets/chunks/shading-entries/main-functions/misc/sky-fs.chunk
index cd1e3391a55..4b19e669c80 100644
--- a/editor/assets/chunks/shading-entries/main-functions/misc/sky-fs.chunk
+++ b/editor/assets/chunks/shading-entries/main-functions/misc/sky-fs.chunk
@@ -15,6 +15,14 @@ void main() {
   vec4 color = SurfacesFragmentModifyBaseColorAndTransparency();
   color.a = 1.0;
 
+  // HDR Fog
+  // todo: apply fogColorBrightness to linear fogColor for supporting scatter lighting with HDR
+  #if CC_USE_FOG != CC_FOG_NONE
+    float fogFactor = 1.0;
+    CC_TRANSFER_FOG_BASE(vec4(FSInput_worldPos, 1.0), fogFactor);
+    CC_APPLY_FOG_BASE(color, fogFactor);
+  #endif
+
   #if CC_USE_RGBE_OUTPUT
     color = packRGBE(color.rgb);
   #else//todo: change to #elif !CC_USE_FLOAT_OUTPUT when sky render queue has been fixed with custom pipeline
@@ -22,12 +30,5 @@ void main() {
     color.rgb = LinearToSRGB(color.rgb);
   #endif
 
-  //todo: LDR fogging in gamma space, HDR fogging should move before tone mapping
-  #if CC_USE_FOG != CC_FOG_NONE
-    float fogFactor = 1.0;
-    CC_TRANSFER_FOG_BASE(vec4(FSInput_worldPos, 1.0), fogFactor);
-    CC_APPLY_FOG_BASE(color, fogFactor);
-  #endif
-
   fragColorX = color;
 }
diff --git a/editor/assets/chunks/shading-entries/main-functions/render-to-scene/pipeline/forward-fs.chunk b/editor/assets/chunks/shading-entries/main-functions/render-to-scene/pipeline/forward-fs.chunk
index 17565ac6f50..386daaf0908 100644
--- a/editor/assets/chunks/shading-entries/main-functions/render-to-scene/pipeline/forward-fs.chunk
+++ b/editor/assets/chunks/shading-entries/main-functions/render-to-scene/pipeline/forward-fs.chunk
@@ -128,6 +128,18 @@ void main()  {
   #endif
 #endif
 
+  // Fog, rgbe and gamma output can't apply fog with forward-add pass
+  // todo: apply fogColorBrightness to linear fogColor for supporting scatter lighting with HDR
+  #if CC_USE_FOG != CC_FOG_NONE && (!CC_USE_FLOAT_OUTPUT || CC_IS_TRANSPARENCY_PASS)
+    #if !CC_FORWARD_ADD
+      #ifdef CC_SURFACES_LIGHTING_MODIFY_FOG
+        color.rgb = CCSurfacesLightingModifyFog(fogFactor, color.rgb, surfaceData, lightingResult);
+      #else
+        CC_APPLY_FOG_BASE(color, fogFactor);
+      #endif
+    #endif
+  #endif
+
   // Color output
   #if CC_USE_RGBE_OUTPUT
     color = packRGBE(color.rgb); // for reflection-map
@@ -139,16 +151,5 @@ void main()  {
     #endif
   #endif
 
-  // Fog, rgbe and gamma output can't apply fog with forward-add pass
-  // todo: apply fogColorBrightness to fogColor for supporting scatter lighting with HDR
-  #if CC_USE_FOG != CC_FOG_NONE && (!CC_USE_FLOAT_OUTPUT || CC_IS_TRANSPARENCY_PASS)
-    #if !CC_FORWARD_ADD
-      #ifdef CC_SURFACES_LIGHTING_MODIFY_FOG
-        color.rgb = CCSurfacesLightingModifyFog(fogFactor, color.rgb, surfaceData, lightingResult);
-      #else
-        CC_APPLY_FOG_BASE(color, fogFactor);
-      #endif
-    #endif
-  #endif
   fragColorX = color;
 }
diff --git a/editor/assets/effects/advanced/fabric.effect.meta b/editor/assets/effects/advanced/fabric.effect.meta
index 8a62097c4df..8940a2567de 100644
--- a/editor/assets/effects/advanced/fabric.effect.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/effects/advanced/fabric.effect.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.7.0",
+  "ver": "1.7.1",
   "importer": "effect",
   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "b25c7601-1d07-4a56-86c5-62e83ea7c61e",
diff --git a/editor/assets/effects/advanced/leaf.effect b/editor/assets/effects/advanced/leaf.effect
index aa690844804..f43c3248f56 100644
--- a/editor/assets/effects/advanced/leaf.effect
+++ b/editor/assets/effects/advanced/leaf.effect
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ CCProgram macro-remapping %{
   // ui displayed macros
   #pragma define-meta HAS_SECOND_UV
   #pragma define-meta USE_TWOSIDE
-  //use FSInput_faceSideSign for materials #pragma define-meta USE_TWOSIDE_MATERIAL
+  //use FSInput_faceSideSign for different textures #pragma define-meta USE_TWOSIDE_MATERIAL
   #pragma define-meta USE_VERTEX_COLOR
   #pragma define-meta USE_DITHERED_ALPHA_TEST
 
diff --git a/editor/assets/effects/pipeline/float-output-process.effect b/editor/assets/effects/pipeline/float-output-process.effect
index de8f2d61d44..153ce534f7d 100644
--- a/editor/assets/effects/pipeline/float-output-process.effect
+++ b/editor/assets/effects/pipeline/float-output-process.effect
@@ -42,14 +42,15 @@ CCProgram copy-fs %{
 
 CCProgram tonemap-fs %{
   precision highp float;
+  #define CC_SURFACES_ENABLE_DEBUG_VIEW 1
   #include <builtin/uniforms/cc-global>
   #include <common/common-define>
-  #include <common/color/gamma>
-  #include <common/color/aces>
+  #include <common/data/packing>
   #include <common/debug/debug-view-define>
+  #include <common/color/gamma>
+  #include <common/color/tone-mapping>
   #include <common/math/coordinates>
   #include <builtin/functionalities/fog>
-  #include <common/data/packing>
 
   in vec2 v_uv;
 
@@ -60,16 +61,7 @@ CCProgram tonemap-fs %{
 
   layout(location = 0) out vec4 fragColor;
 
-  vec3 HDR2LDR_PostProcess(vec3 color) {
-    #if CC_USE_HDR && CC_TONE_MAPPING_TYPE == TONE_MAPPING_ACES
-      return ACESToneMap(color.rgb);
-    #else
-      return color.rgb;
-    #endif
-  }
-
   vec4 CCFragOutput_PostProcess(vec4 color) {
-
     // fog related
     vec4 worldPos = vec4(0.0);
     #if CC_USE_FOG != CC_FOG_NONE
@@ -79,22 +71,23 @@ CCProgram tonemap-fs %{
       worldPos = GetWorldPosFromNDCPosRH(posHS, cc_matProj, cc_matViewProjInv);
     #endif
 
-    // todo: apply fogColorBrightness to fogColor for supporting scatter lighting with HDR
+    // HDR fog
+    // todo: apply fogColorBrightness to linear fogColor for supporting scatter lighting with HDR
+    #if CC_USE_FOG != CC_FOG_NONE
+      float fogFactor = 1.0;
+      CC_TRANSFER_FOG_BASE(worldPos, fogFactor);
+      CC_APPLY_FOG_BASE(color, fogFactor);
+    #endif
 
     // tone mapping
     if (!DebugViewNeedDisplayOriginalData()) {
       #if CC_USE_FLOAT_OUTPUT
-        color.rgb = HDR2LDR_PostProcess(color.rgb);
+        color.rgb = HDRToLDR(color.rgb);
         color.rgb = LinearToSRGB(color.rgb);
       #endif
     }
 
     // LDR fog
-    #if CC_USE_FOG != CC_FOG_NONE
-      float fogFactor = 1.0;
-      CC_TRANSFER_FOG_BASE(worldPos, fogFactor);
-      CC_APPLY_FOG_BASE(color, fogFactor);
-    #endif
 
     return color;
   }
diff --git a/editor/i18n/en/assets.js b/editor/i18n/en/assets.js
index d2393bfd1bc..84943ce0549 100644
--- a/editor/i18n/en/assets.js
+++ b/editor/i18n/en/assets.js
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ module.exports = {
             propertyTips: {
                 // macros
                 USE_DITHERED_ALPHA_TEST: 'Make transparency using opaque dithered alpha clip with TAA.',
-                USE_TWOSIDE: 'Two sided material for single-face objects, normal get inverse on back-face. Cull mode should set to None.',
+                USE_TWOSIDE: 'Two sided lighting for single-face objects, normal get inverse on back-face automatically. Cull mode should set to None.',
                 IS_ANISOTROPY: 'Anisotropic materials, such as hair, disc, metal with micro-wires.',
                 USE_VERTEX_COLOR: 'Use vertex color, will become darker if mesh does not contain vertex color data.',
                 FIX_ANISOTROPIC_ROTATION_MAP: 'Fix the anomalous seam at the black-white joint of the anisotropic rotation map, turn it on if you encounter this problem.',
diff --git a/editor/i18n/zh/assets.js b/editor/i18n/zh/assets.js
index edf9f8acf94..6396bdfe316 100644
--- a/editor/i18n/zh/assets.js
+++ b/editor/i18n/zh/assets.js
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ module.exports = {
             propertyTips: {
                 // macros
                 USE_DITHERED_ALPHA_TEST: '使用抖动透贴的方式来实现半透明效果，最好同时开启 TAA',
-                USE_TWOSIDE: '双面材质，通常用于单面物体，正面和背面的法线相反。还需将 Cull Mode 设为 None',
+                USE_TWOSIDE: '双面材质，仅影响光照，通常用于单面物体，正面和背面的法线会自动取反。还需将 Cull Mode 设为 None',
                 IS_ANISOTROPY: '各向异性材质，通常用于头发、光碟、拉丝金属等',
                 USE_VERTEX_COLOR: '使用顶点色，如果模型本身没有顶点色可能会发黑',
                 FIX_ANISOTROPIC_ROTATION_MAP: '修复各向异性旋转图黑白相接处的异常接缝，遇到此问题再开启',

From eaeab8b62c1374199addf27a1a62e202db660194 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: troublemaker52025 <troublemaker52025@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 1 Sep 2023 16:16:24 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 10/59] delete rangeddir / point light custom template form
 components.js (#16169)

---
 editor/inspector/components.js | 2 --
 1 file changed, 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editor/inspector/components.js b/editor/inspector/components.js
index 37fd3598924..1dd378709ac 100644
--- a/editor/inspector/components.js
+++ b/editor/inspector/components.js
@@ -15,8 +15,6 @@ module.exports = {
     'cc.SkeletalAnimation': join(__dirname, './components/skeletal-animation.js'),
     'cc.SphereLight': join(__dirname, './components/sphere-light.js'),
     'cc.SpotLight': join(__dirname, './components/spot-light.js'),
-    'cc.PointLight': join(__dirname, './components/point-light.js'),
-    'cc.RangedDirectionalLight': join(__dirname, './components/ranged-directional-light.js'),
     'cc.Sprite': join(__dirname, './components/sprite.js'),
     'cc.Terrain': join(__dirname, './components/terrain.js'),
     'cc.VideoPlayer': join(__dirname, './components/video-player.js'),

From d2c3429f95eb20d901c1851938a31231ffb2f6f7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James Chen <dumganhar@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 1 Sep 2023 16:27:08 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 11/59] Refactor Openharmony platform code to support switching
 between napi (ark js runtime) and v8 (#16093)

* OH could use v8 now.

* napi addon works.

* Use Napi addon to refactor code.

* Fix compilation errors.

* tweak

* Refactor oh platform, remove some hacking for oh.

* Fix log in runScript.

* Fix the issues in napi mode.

* Revert.

* Remove an unused comment.

* Refactor log output in NapiHelper.cpp and OpenHarmonyPlatform.cpp

* Update oh template.

* Remove unused code.

* Remove unused debug log in jsb-gfx.js

* Update include

* Revert Screen::isDisplayStats.

* update OH template for v8 backend

* update

* Update CMakeLists.txt for OH

* Fix a compilation error in NapiHelper.cpp while switching to NAPI mode

* Keep the symbol of entry function.

* Add -Wl,--gc-sections and add -Wl,-s for release mode.

* Update external to 3.8.2-1

* Don't use `console.assert` directly.

* Remove oh specific methods ( getInnerWidth/Height, getWindowHandle ) in Device class.

---------

Co-authored-by: PP_Pro <chinese1236@qq.com>
---
 cocos/core/geometry/geometry-native-ext.ts    |   15 +-
 cocos/core/settings.ts                        |   24 +-
 native/CMakeLists.txt                         |    8 +-
 .../bindings/jswrapper/napi/ScriptEngine.cpp  |    2 +-
 .../cocos/bindings/jswrapper/napi/Utils.cpp   |    5 +-
 .../bindings/jswrapper/v8/HelperMacros.h      |    2 +-
 native/cocos/bindings/manual/jsb_global.cpp   |  135 +
 native/cocos/engine/Engine.cpp                |   41 +-
 .../platform/interfaces/modules/Device.cpp    |   21 -
 .../platform/interfaces/modules/Device.h      |    3 -
 .../openharmony/FileUtils-OpenHarmony.cpp     |   12 +-
 .../openharmony/FileUtils-OpenHarmony.h       |    8 +-
 .../openharmony/OpenHarmonyPlatform.cpp       |    6 +-
 .../openharmony/OpenHarmonyPlatform.h         |    2 +-
 .../openharmony/modules/Accelerometer.cpp     |   35 +-
 .../platform/openharmony/modules/Battery.cpp  |    8 +-
 .../platform/openharmony/modules/Screen.cpp   |   18 +-
 .../platform/openharmony/modules/System.cpp   |   15 +-
 .../platform/openharmony/napi/NapiHelper.cpp  |  476 +-
 .../platform/openharmony/napi/NapiHelper.h    |   91 +-
 .../platform/openharmony/napi/NapiInit.cpp    |   17 +-
 .../platform/openharmony/napi/napi-inl.h      | 6618 +++++++++++++++++
 native/cocos/platform/openharmony/napi/napi.h | 3191 ++++++++
 .../cocos/ui/edit-box/EditBox-openharmony.cpp |   44 +-
 .../cocos/ui/edit-box/EditBox-openharmony.h   |    7 +-
 .../ui/webview/WebViewImpl-openharmony.cpp    |  198 +-
 .../ui/webview/WebViewImpl-openharmony.h      |   10 +-
 native/external-config.json                   |    2 +-
 pal/env/native/env.ts                         |    4 +-
 pal/screen-adapter/native/screen-adapter.ts   |    6 +-
 platforms/native/builtin/index.js             |    4 +-
 platforms/native/engine/index.js              |    6 +-
 platforms/native/engine/jsb-gfx.js            |    3 +-
 platforms/native/engine/jsb-loader.js         |    2 +-
 templates/cmake/openharmony.cmake             |    7 +
 .../entry/src/main/ets/cocos/game.ts          |    2 +-
 .../entry/src/main/ets/common/Constants.ts    |    1 +
 .../src/main/ets/workers/cocos_worker.ts      |   30 +-
 38 files changed, 10478 insertions(+), 601 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 native/cocos/platform/openharmony/napi/napi-inl.h
 create mode 100644 native/cocos/platform/openharmony/napi/napi.h

diff --git a/cocos/core/geometry/geometry-native-ext.ts b/cocos/core/geometry/geometry-native-ext.ts
index c54f7ad8fdf..03b0fb3ddcc 100644
--- a/cocos/core/geometry/geometry-native-ext.ts
+++ b/cocos/core/geometry/geometry-native-ext.ts
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import { Sphere } from './sphere';
 import { AABB } from './aabb';
 import { Capsule } from './capsule';
 import { Frustum } from './frustum';
+import { assert } from '../platform/debug';
 
 /**
  * cache jsb attributes in js, reduce cross language invokations.
@@ -87,10 +88,9 @@ const defineAttrFloat = (kls: Constructor, attr: string): void => {
     // __nativeFields__ is defined in jsb_geometry_manual.cpp
     const desc: FieldDesc = (kls as any).__nativeFields__[attr];
     const cacheKey = `_$_${attr}`;
-    if (!window.oh) {
-        // openharmony does not support the console.assert interface at this time.
-        console.assert(desc.fieldSize === 4, `field ${attr} size ${desc.fieldSize}`);
-    }
+
+    assert(desc.fieldSize === 4, `field ${attr} size ${desc.fieldSize}`);
+
     Object.defineProperty(kls.prototype, desc.fieldName, {
         configurable: true,
         enumerable: true,
@@ -120,10 +120,9 @@ const defineAttrInt = (kls: Constructor, attr: string): void => {
         console.error(`attr ${attr} not defined in class ${kls.toString()}`);
     }
     const cacheKey = `_$_${attr}`;
-    if (!window.oh) {
-        // openharmony does not support the console.assert interface at this time.
-        console.assert(desc.fieldSize === 4, `field ${attr} size ${desc.fieldSize}`);
-    }
+
+    assert(desc.fieldSize === 4, `field ${attr} size ${desc.fieldSize}`);
+
     Object.defineProperty(kls.prototype, desc.fieldName, {
         configurable: true,
         enumerable: true,
diff --git a/cocos/core/settings.ts b/cocos/core/settings.ts
index 91cd9eaa09d..10a7afb9f32 100644
--- a/cocos/core/settings.ts
+++ b/cocos/core/settings.ts
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
  THE SOFTWARE.
 */
-import { HTML5, TAOBAO, TAOBAO_MINIGAME } from 'internal:constants';
+import { HTML5, NATIVE, TAOBAO, TAOBAO_MINIGAME } from 'internal:constants';
 import { legacyCC } from './global-exports';
 
 declare const fsUtils: any;
@@ -76,16 +76,18 @@ export class Settings {
         }
         if (!path) return Promise.resolve();
 
-        if (window.oh) {
-            return new Promise((resolve, reject): void => {
-                // TODO: to support a virtual module of settings.
-                // For now, we use a system module context to dynamically import the relative path of module.
-                const settingsModule = '../settings.js';
-                import(settingsModule).then((res): void => {
-                    this._settings = res.default;
-                    resolve();
-                }).catch((e): void => reject(e));
-            });
+        if (NATIVE) {
+            if (window.oh && window.scriptEngineType === 'napi') {
+                return new Promise((resolve, reject): void => {
+                    // TODO: to support a virtual module of settings.
+                    // For now, we use a system module context to dynamically import the relative path of module.
+                    const settingsModule = '../settings.js';
+                    import(settingsModule).then((res): void => {
+                        this._settings = res.default;
+                        resolve();
+                    }).catch((e): void => reject(e));
+                });
+            }
         }
         return new Promise((resolve, reject): void => {
             if (!HTML5 && !path.startsWith('http')) {
diff --git a/native/CMakeLists.txt b/native/CMakeLists.txt
index 7125a5ff234..5e8077fcb6c 100644
--- a/native/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/native/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ set(ENGINE_NAME cocos_engine)
 cc_set_if_undefined(CC_DEBUG_FORCE           OFF)
 cc_set_if_undefined(USE_SE_V8                ON)
 cc_set_if_undefined(USE_SE_SM                OFF)
+cc_set_if_undefined(USE_SE_NAPI              OFF)
 cc_set_if_undefined(USE_V8_DEBUGGER          ON)
 cc_set_if_undefined(USE_V8_DEBUGGER_FORCE    OFF)
 cc_set_if_undefined(USE_SOCKET               ON)
@@ -113,11 +114,6 @@ if(NOT ANDROID AND NOT IOS AND NOT OHOS AND NOT OPENHARMONY)
     set(USE_WEBVIEW OFF)
 endif()
 
-if(OPENHARMONY)
-    set(USE_SE_V8 OFF)
-    set(USE_SE_NAPI ON)
-endif()
-
 ## disable middleware when dragonbones and spine are disabled
 if(NOT USE_DRAGONBONES AND NOT USE_SPINE)
 	set(USE_MIDDLEWARE OFF)
@@ -3052,6 +3048,8 @@ function(cc_apply_definations target)
         $<IF:$<BOOL:${ENABLE_FLOAT_OUTPUT}>,ENABLE_FLOAT_OUTPUT=1,ENABLE_FLOAT_OUTPUT=0>
         $<$<BOOL:${USE_REMOTE_LOG}>:CC_REMOTE_LOG=1>
         $<$<BOOL:${USE_SE_SM}>:SCRIPT_ENGINE_TYPE=1>
+        $<$<BOOL:${USE_SE_V8}>:SCRIPT_ENGINE_TYPE=2>
+        $<$<BOOL:${USE_SE_NAPI}>:SCRIPT_ENGINE_TYPE=5>
         $<$<OR:$<CONFIG:Debug>,$<BOOL:${CC_DEBUG_FORCE}>>:CC_DEBUG=1>
     )
 endfunction()
diff --git a/native/cocos/bindings/jswrapper/napi/ScriptEngine.cpp b/native/cocos/bindings/jswrapper/napi/ScriptEngine.cpp
index 2d321e88eda..faecdf7e1c5 100644
--- a/native/cocos/bindings/jswrapper/napi/ScriptEngine.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/bindings/jswrapper/napi/ScriptEngine.cpp
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ bool ScriptEngine::runScript(const std::string &path, Value *ret /* = nullptr */
     assert(!path.empty());
     napi_status status;
     napi_value result = nullptr;
-    LOGI("run script : %s", path.c_str());
+    LOGI("run script : %{public}s", path.c_str());
     //NODE_API_CALL(status, ScriptEngine::getEnv(), napi_run_script_path(ScriptEngine::getEnv(), path.c_str(), &result));
     if (ret && result) {
         internal::jsToSeValue(result, ret);
diff --git a/native/cocos/bindings/jswrapper/napi/Utils.cpp b/native/cocos/bindings/jswrapper/napi/Utils.cpp
index c753fdaf77e..43ac5f41252 100644
--- a/native/cocos/bindings/jswrapper/napi/Utils.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/bindings/jswrapper/napi/Utils.cpp
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ void jsToSeValue(const target_value& value, Value* v) {
             }
             break;
         case napi_valuetype::napi_bigint:
-            //NODE_API_CALL(status, ScriptEngine::getEnv(), napi_get_value_bigint_int64(ScriptEngine::getEnv(), value, &iRet, &lossless));
+            NODE_API_CALL(status, ScriptEngine::getEnv(), napi_get_value_bigint_int64(ScriptEngine::getEnv(), value, &iRet, &lossless));
             if (lossless) {
                 v->setInt64(iRet);
             } else {
@@ -161,8 +161,7 @@ bool seToJsValue(const Value& v, target_value* outJsVal) {
             ret = (status == napi_ok);
             break;
         case Value::Type::BigInt:
-            //NODE_API_CALL(status, ScriptEngine::getEnv(), napi_create_bigint_int64(ScriptEngine::getEnv(), v.toInt64(), outJsVal));
-            NODE_API_CALL(status, ScriptEngine::getEnv(), napi_create_double(ScriptEngine::getEnv(), v.toDouble(), outJsVal));
+            NODE_API_CALL(status, ScriptEngine::getEnv(), napi_create_bigint_int64(ScriptEngine::getEnv(), v.toInt64(), outJsVal));
             ret = (status == napi_ok);
             break;
         default:
diff --git a/native/cocos/bindings/jswrapper/v8/HelperMacros.h b/native/cocos/bindings/jswrapper/v8/HelperMacros.h
index 7491fee2852..4a625133ffd 100644
--- a/native/cocos/bindings/jswrapper/v8/HelperMacros.h
+++ b/native/cocos/bindings/jswrapper/v8/HelperMacros.h
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <v8.h>
+#include "v8.h"
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <chrono>
 #include <map>
diff --git a/native/cocos/bindings/manual/jsb_global.cpp b/native/cocos/bindings/manual/jsb_global.cpp
index 81a74027567..e0e25530ef9 100644
--- a/native/cocos/bindings/manual/jsb_global.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/bindings/manual/jsb_global.cpp
@@ -45,6 +45,11 @@
 #if CC_PLATFORM == CC_PLATFORM_ANDROID
     #include "platform/java/jni/JniImp.h"
 #endif
+
+#if CC_PLATFORM == CC_PLATFORM_OPENHARMONY && SCRIPT_ENGINE_TYPE != SCRIPT_ENGINE_NAPI
+    #include "platform/openharmony/napi/NapiHelper.h"
+#endif
+
 #include <chrono>
 #include <regex>
 #include <sstream>
@@ -1395,6 +1400,127 @@ static bool JSB_process_get_argv(se::State &s) // NOLINT(readability-identifier-
 }
 SE_BIND_PROP_GET(JSB_process_get_argv)
 
+#if CC_PLATFORM == CC_PLATFORM_OPENHARMONY && SCRIPT_ENGINE_TYPE != SCRIPT_ENGINE_NAPI
+
+static bool sevalue_to_napivalue(const se::Value& seVal, Napi::Value* napiVal, Napi::Env env);
+
+static bool seobject_to_napivalue(se::Object *seObj, Napi::Value* napiVal, Napi::Env env) {
+    auto napiObj = Napi::Object::New(env);
+    ccstd::vector<ccstd::string> allKeys;
+    bool ok = seObj->getAllKeys(&allKeys);
+    if (ok && !allKeys.empty()) {
+        for (const auto& key : allKeys) {
+            Napi::Value napiProp;
+            se::Value prop;
+            ok = seObj->getProperty(key, &prop);
+            if (ok) {
+                ok = sevalue_to_napivalue(prop, &napiProp, env);
+                if (ok) {
+                    napiObj.Set(key.c_str(), napiProp);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    *napiVal = napiObj;
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool sevalue_to_napivalue(const se::Value& seVal, Napi::Value* napiVal, Napi::Env env) {
+    // Only supports number or {tag: number, url: string} now
+    if (seVal.isNumber()) {
+        *napiVal = Napi::Number::New(env, seVal.toDouble());
+    } else if (seVal.isString()) {
+        *napiVal = Napi::String::New(env, seVal.toString().c_str());
+    } else if (seVal.isBoolean()) {
+        *napiVal = Napi::Boolean::New(env, seVal.toBoolean());
+    } else if (seVal.isObject()) {
+        seobject_to_napivalue(seVal.toObject(), napiVal, env);
+    } else {
+        CC_LOG_WARNING("sevalue_to_napivalue, Unsupported type: %d", static_cast<int32_t>(seVal.getType()));
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool JSB_openharmony_postMessage(se::State &s) { // NOLINT(readability-identifier-naming)
+    const auto &args = s.args();
+    size_t argc = args.size();
+
+    if (argc == 2) {
+        bool ok = false;
+        ccstd::string msgType;
+        ok = sevalue_to_native(args[0], &msgType, s.thisObject());
+        SE_PRECONDITION2(ok, false, "Error processing arguments");
+
+        const auto &arg1 = args[1];
+        auto env = NapiHelper::getWorkerEnv();
+
+        Napi::Value napiArg1 = env.Undefined();
+
+        if (arg1.isNumber()) {
+            napiArg1 = Napi::Number::New(env, arg1.toDouble());
+        } else if (arg1.isObject()) {
+            seobject_to_napivalue(arg1.toObject(), &napiArg1, env);
+        } else {
+            SE_REPORT_ERROR("postMessage, Unsupported type");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread(msgType.c_str(), napiArg1);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    SE_REPORT_ERROR("wrong number of arguments: %d, was expecting %d", (int)argc, 2);
+    return false;
+}
+SE_BIND_FUNC(JSB_openharmony_postMessage)
+
+static bool JSB_empty_promise_then(se::State &s) {
+    return true;
+}
+SE_BIND_FUNC(JSB_empty_promise_then)
+
+static bool JSB_openharmony_postSyncMessage(se::State &s) { // NOLINT(readability-identifier-naming)
+    const auto &args = s.args();
+    size_t argc = args.size();
+
+    if (argc == 2) {
+        bool ok = false;
+        ccstd::string msgType;
+        ok = sevalue_to_native(args[0], &msgType, s.thisObject());
+        SE_PRECONDITION2(ok, false, "Error processing arguments");
+
+        const auto &arg1 = args[1];
+        auto env = NapiHelper::getWorkerEnv();
+
+        Napi::Value napiArg1 = env.Undefined();
+
+        if (arg1.isNumber()) {
+            napiArg1 = Napi::Number::New(env, arg1.toDouble());
+        } else if (arg1.isObject()) {
+            seobject_to_napivalue(arg1.toObject(), &napiArg1, env);
+        } else {
+            SE_REPORT_ERROR("postMessage, Unsupported type");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        Napi::Value napiPromise = NapiHelper::postSyncMessageToUIThread(msgType.c_str(), napiArg1);
+
+        //TODO(cjh): Implement Promise for se
+        se::HandleObject retObj(se::Object::createPlainObject());
+        retObj->defineFunction("then", _SE(JSB_empty_promise_then));
+        s.rval().setObject(retObj);
+        //
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    SE_REPORT_ERROR("wrong number of arguments: %d, was expecting %d", (int)argc, 2);
+    return false;
+}
+SE_BIND_FUNC(JSB_openharmony_postSyncMessage)
+#endif
+
 bool jsb_register_global_variables(se::Object *global) { // NOLINT
     gThreadPool = LegacyThreadPool::newFixedThreadPool(3);
 
@@ -1458,6 +1584,15 @@ bool jsb_register_global_variables(se::Object *global) { // NOLINT
     performanceObj->defineFunction("now", _SE(js_performance_now));
     global->setProperty("performance", se::Value(performanceObj));
 
+#if CC_PLATFORM == CC_PLATFORM_OPENHARMONY
+    #if SCRIPT_ENGINE_TYPE != SCRIPT_ENGINE_NAPI
+        se::HandleObject ohObj(se::Object::createPlainObject());
+        global->setProperty("oh", se::Value(ohObj));
+        ohObj->defineFunction("postMessage", _SE(JSB_openharmony_postMessage));
+        ohObj->defineFunction("postSyncMessage", _SE(JSB_openharmony_postSyncMessage));
+    #endif
+#endif
+
     jsb_register_TextEncoder(global);
     jsb_register_TextDecoder(global);
 
diff --git a/native/cocos/engine/Engine.cpp b/native/cocos/engine/Engine.cpp
index bae11828fdd..f2ae34f8fbb 100644
--- a/native/cocos/engine/Engine.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/engine/Engine.cpp
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
 
 namespace {
 
-bool setCanvasCallback(se::Object * /*global*/) {
+bool setCanvasCallback(se::Object *global) {
     se::AutoHandleScope scope;
     se::ScriptEngine *se = se::ScriptEngine::getInstance();
     auto *window = CC_GET_MAIN_SYSTEM_WINDOW();
@@ -80,21 +80,32 @@ bool setCanvasCallback(se::Object * /*global*/) {
     auto viewSize = window->getViewSize();
     auto dpr = cc::BasePlatform::getPlatform()->getInterface<cc::IScreen>()->getDevicePixelRatio();
 
-    std::stringstream ss;
-    {
-        ss << "globalThis.jsb = globalThis.jsb || {}; " << std::endl;
-        ss << "jsb.window = jsb.window || {}; " << std::endl;
-        ss << "jsb.window.innerWidth = " << static_cast<int>(viewSize.width / dpr) << ";" << std::endl;
-        ss << "jsb.window.innerHeight = " << static_cast<int>(viewSize.height / dpr) << ";" << std::endl;
-        ss << "jsb.window.windowHandler = ";
-        if (sizeof(handler) == 8) { // use bigint
-            ss << static_cast<uint64_t>(handler) << "n;";
-        }
-        if (sizeof(handler) == 4) {
-            ss << static_cast<uint32_t>(handler) << ";";
-        }
+    se::Value jsbVal;
+    bool ok = global->getProperty("jsb", &jsbVal);
+    if (!jsbVal.isObject()) {
+        se::HandleObject jsbObj(se::Object::createPlainObject());
+        global->setProperty("jsb", se::Value(jsbObj));
+        jsbVal.setObject(jsbObj, true);
+    }
+
+    se::Value windowVal;
+    jsbVal.toObject()->getProperty("window", &windowVal);
+    if (!windowVal.isObject()) {
+        se::HandleObject windowObj(se::Object::createPlainObject());
+        jsbVal.toObject()->setProperty("window", se::Value(windowObj));
+        windowVal.setObject(windowObj, true);
+    }
+
+    int width = static_cast<int>(viewSize.width / dpr);
+    int height = static_cast<int>(viewSize.height / dpr);
+    windowVal.toObject()->setProperty("innerWidth", se::Value(width));
+    windowVal.toObject()->setProperty("innerHeight", se::Value(height));
+
+    if (sizeof(handler) == 8) { // use bigint
+        windowVal.toObject()->setProperty("windowHandle", se::Value(static_cast<uint64_t>(handler)));
+    } else {
+        windowVal.toObject()->setProperty("windowHandle", se::Value(static_cast<uint32_t>(handler)));
     }
-    se->evalString(ss.str().c_str());
 
     return true;
 }
diff --git a/native/cocos/platform/interfaces/modules/Device.cpp b/native/cocos/platform/interfaces/modules/Device.cpp
index 5baac986ecf..d8bb672b4be 100644
--- a/native/cocos/platform/interfaces/modules/Device.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/platform/interfaces/modules/Device.cpp
@@ -35,27 +35,6 @@
 
 namespace cc {
 
-uint32_t Device::getInnerWidth() {
-    ISystemWindow* systemWindow = CC_GET_MAIN_SYSTEM_WINDOW();
-    CC_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(systemWindow);
-    auto viewSize = systemWindow->getViewSize();
-    return static_cast<uint32_t>(viewSize.width);
-}
-
-uint32_t Device::getInnerHeight() {
-    ISystemWindow* systemWindow = CC_GET_MAIN_SYSTEM_WINDOW();
-    CC_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(systemWindow);
-    auto viewSize = systemWindow->getViewSize();
-    return static_cast<uint32_t>(viewSize.height);
-}
-
-uintptr_t Device::getWindowHandle() {
-    ISystemWindow* systemWindow = CC_GET_MAIN_SYSTEM_WINDOW();
-    CC_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(systemWindow);
-    auto handler = systemWindow->getWindowHandle();
-    return static_cast<uintptr_t>(handler);
-}
-
 int Device::getDPI() {
     CC_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(CC_GET_PLATFORM_INTERFACE(IScreen));
     return CC_GET_PLATFORM_INTERFACE(IScreen)->getDPI();
diff --git a/native/cocos/platform/interfaces/modules/Device.h b/native/cocos/platform/interfaces/modules/Device.h
index ad720525b13..7fb9a6d8652 100644
--- a/native/cocos/platform/interfaces/modules/Device.h
+++ b/native/cocos/platform/interfaces/modules/Device.h
@@ -52,9 +52,6 @@ class CC_DLL Device {
     using Orientation = IScreen::Orientation;
     using MotionValue = IAccelerometer::MotionValue;
 
-    static uint32_t getInnerWidth();
-    static uint32_t getInnerHeight();
-    static uintptr_t getWindowHandle();
     /**
      *  Gets the DPI of device
      *  @return The DPI of device.
diff --git a/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/FileUtils-OpenHarmony.cpp b/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/FileUtils-OpenHarmony.cpp
index 5420e347b09..ae056834e2d 100644
--- a/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/FileUtils-OpenHarmony.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/FileUtils-OpenHarmony.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@
  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
  THE SOFTWARE.
 ****************************************************************************/
-#include "cocos/platform/openharmony/FileUtils-OpenHarmony.h"
+#include "platform/openharmony/FileUtils-OpenHarmony.h"
+
 #include <hilog/log.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <cstdio>
@@ -31,18 +32,13 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <sys/syscall.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
-#include "base/memory/Memory.h"
 
-#include "cocos/base/Log.h"
-
-#include "bindings/jswrapper/napi/HelperMacros.h"
-#define ASSETS_FOLDER_WRITEABLE_PATH "/data/accounts/account_0/applications/ohos.example.xcomponent1/ohos.example.xcomponent1/writeable_path"
-#include "rawfile/raw_file_manager.h"
+#include "base/memory/Memory.h"
+#include "base/Log.h"
 
 namespace cc {
 
diff --git a/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/FileUtils-OpenHarmony.h b/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/FileUtils-OpenHarmony.h
index 9b84711f8a6..54dc84b2284 100644
--- a/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/FileUtils-OpenHarmony.h
+++ b/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/FileUtils-OpenHarmony.h
@@ -29,11 +29,10 @@
 #include <rawfile/raw_dir.h>
 #include <rawfile/raw_file.h>
 #include <rawfile/raw_file_manager.h>
-#include "base/Macros.h"
-#include "cocos/platform/FileUtils.h"
 #include <napi/native_api.h>
 
-class NativeResourceManager;
+#include "base/Macros.h"
+#include "platform/FileUtils.h"
 
 namespace cc {
 
@@ -62,13 +61,10 @@ class CC_DLL FileUtilsOpenHarmony : public FileUtils {
     bool removeDirectory(const std::string &dirPath) override;
 
     static std::string _ohWritablePath;
-
 private:
     bool isFileExistInternal(const std::string &strFilePath) const override;
-
     bool isDirectoryExistInternal(const std::string &dirPath) const override;
 
-    friend class FileUtils;
     static NativeResourceManager* _nativeResourceManager;
 };
 
diff --git a/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/OpenHarmonyPlatform.cpp b/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/OpenHarmonyPlatform.cpp
index 74211b5cc2b..41a7c2093e9 100644
--- a/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/OpenHarmonyPlatform.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/OpenHarmonyPlatform.cpp
@@ -176,7 +176,6 @@ void OpenHarmonyPlatform::onMessageCallback(const uv_async_t* /* req */) {
     void* window = nullptr;
     WorkerMessageData msgData;
     OpenHarmonyPlatform* platform = OpenHarmonyPlatform::getInstance();
-
     while (true) {
         //loop until all msg dispatch
         if (!platform->dequeue(reinterpret_cast<WorkerMessageData*>(&msgData))) {
@@ -192,14 +191,17 @@ void OpenHarmonyPlatform::onMessageCallback(const uv_async_t* /* req */) {
                 delete ev;
                 ev = nullptr;
             } else if (msgData.type == MessageType::WM_XCOMPONENT_SURFACE_CREATED) {
+                CC_LOG_INFO("onMessageCallback WM_XCOMPONENT_SURFACE_CREATED ...");
                 OH_NativeXComponent* nativexcomponet = reinterpret_cast<OH_NativeXComponent*>(msgData.data);
                 CC_ASSERT(nativexcomponet != nullptr);
                 platform->onSurfaceCreated(nativexcomponet, msgData.window);
             } else if (msgData.type == MessageType::WM_XCOMPONENT_SURFACE_CHANGED) {
+                CC_LOG_INFO("onMessageCallback WM_XCOMPONENT_SURFACE_CHANGED ...");
                 OH_NativeXComponent* nativexcomponet = reinterpret_cast<OH_NativeXComponent*>(msgData.data);
                 CC_ASSERT(nativexcomponet != nullptr);
                 platform->onSurfaceChanged(nativexcomponet, msgData.window);
             } else if (msgData.type == MessageType::WM_XCOMPONENT_SURFACE_DESTROY) {
+                CC_LOG_INFO("onMessageCallback WM_XCOMPONENT_SURFACE_DESTROY ...");
                 OH_NativeXComponent* nativexcomponet = reinterpret_cast<OH_NativeXComponent*>(msgData.data);
                 CC_ASSERT(nativexcomponet != nullptr);
                 platform->onSurfaceDestroyed(nativexcomponet, msgData.window);
@@ -249,7 +251,7 @@ void OpenHarmonyPlatform::timerCb(uv_timer_t* handle) {
     OpenHarmonyPlatform::getInstance()->runTask();
 }
 
-void OpenHarmonyPlatform::workerInit(napi_env env, uv_loop_t* loop) {
+void OpenHarmonyPlatform::workerInit(uv_loop_t* loop) {
     _workerLoop = loop;
     if (_workerLoop) {
         uv_async_init(_workerLoop, &_messageSignal, reinterpret_cast<uv_async_cb>(OpenHarmonyPlatform::onMessageCallback));
diff --git a/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/OpenHarmonyPlatform.h b/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/OpenHarmonyPlatform.h
index fdbba01164a..64eed20802c 100644
--- a/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/OpenHarmonyPlatform.h
+++ b/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/OpenHarmonyPlatform.h
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class OpenHarmonyPlatform : public UniversalPlatform {
     void onHideNative();
     void onDestroyNative();
 
-    void workerInit(napi_env env, uv_loop_t* loop);
+    void workerInit(uv_loop_t* loop);
 
     void setNativeXComponent(OH_NativeXComponent* component);
 
diff --git a/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/modules/Accelerometer.cpp b/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/modules/Accelerometer.cpp
index f1d7acd6d07..44a0e86bdb4 100644
--- a/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/modules/Accelerometer.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/modules/Accelerometer.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 #include "platform/openharmony/modules/Accelerometer.h"
 #include "platform/openharmony/napi/NapiHelper.h"
+
 namespace cc {
 
 void Accelerometer::setAccelerometerEnabled(bool isEnabled) {
@@ -36,23 +37,25 @@ void Accelerometer::setAccelerometerInterval(float interval) {
 }
 
 const Accelerometer::MotionValue &Accelerometer::getDeviceMotionValue() {
-
-    ccstd::vector<float>  v;
-    NapiHelper::napiCallFunction<std::vector<float> >("getDeviceMotionValue", &v);
     static MotionValue motionValue;
-    if (!v.empty()) {
-        
-        motionValue.accelerationIncludingGravityX = v[0];
-        motionValue.accelerationIncludingGravityY = v[1];
-        motionValue.accelerationIncludingGravityZ = v[2];
-
-        motionValue.accelerationX = v[3];
-        motionValue.accelerationY = v[4];
-        motionValue.accelerationZ = v[5];
-
-        motionValue.rotationRateAlpha = v[6];
-        motionValue.rotationRateBeta = v[7];
-        motionValue.rotationRateGamma = v[8];
+    Napi::Value ret = NapiHelper::napiCallFunction("getDeviceMotionValue");
+    if (!ret.IsArray()) {
+        return motionValue;
+    }
+
+    auto v = ret.As<Napi::Array>();
+    if (v.Length() == 9) {
+        motionValue.accelerationIncludingGravityX = static_cast<Napi::Value>(v[(uint32_t)0]).As<Napi::Number>().FloatValue();
+        motionValue.accelerationIncludingGravityY = static_cast<Napi::Value>(v[1]).As<Napi::Number>().FloatValue();
+        motionValue.accelerationIncludingGravityZ = static_cast<Napi::Value>(v[2]).As<Napi::Number>().FloatValue();
+
+        motionValue.accelerationX = static_cast<Napi::Value>(v[3]).As<Napi::Number>().FloatValue();
+        motionValue.accelerationY = static_cast<Napi::Value>(v[4]).As<Napi::Number>().FloatValue();
+        motionValue.accelerationZ = static_cast<Napi::Value>(v[5]).As<Napi::Number>().FloatValue();
+
+        motionValue.rotationRateAlpha = static_cast<Napi::Value>(v[6]).As<Napi::Number>().FloatValue();
+        motionValue.rotationRateBeta = static_cast<Napi::Value>(v[7]).As<Napi::Number>().FloatValue();
+        motionValue.rotationRateGamma = static_cast<Napi::Value>(v[8]).As<Napi::Number>().FloatValue();
     } else {
         memset(&motionValue, 0, sizeof(motionValue));
     }
diff --git a/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/modules/Battery.cpp b/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/modules/Battery.cpp
index aac590a90f1..7b46b0fce7f 100644
--- a/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/modules/Battery.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/modules/Battery.cpp
@@ -29,9 +29,11 @@
 namespace cc {
 
 float Battery::getBatteryLevel() const {
-    int32_t value;
-    NapiHelper::napiCallFunction("getBatteryLevel", &value);
-    return value;
+    auto value = NapiHelper::napiCallFunction("getBatteryLevel");
+    if (value.IsNumber()) {
+        return value.As<Napi::Number>().FloatValue();
+    }
+    return 0.F;
 }
 
 } // namespace cc
diff --git a/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/modules/Screen.cpp b/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/modules/Screen.cpp
index 994b04287ef..82f3846ce2d 100644
--- a/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/modules/Screen.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/modules/Screen.cpp
@@ -26,12 +26,16 @@
 #include "platform/openharmony/modules/Screen.h"
 #include "platform/openharmony/napi/NapiHelper.h"
 
+#include "bindings/jswrapper/SeApi.h"
+
 namespace cc {
 
 int Screen::getDPI() const {
-    float value;
-    NapiHelper::napiCallFunction("getDPI", &value);
-    return value;
+    auto dpi = NapiHelper::napiCallFunction("getDPI");
+    if (dpi.IsNumber()) {
+        return dpi.As<Napi::Number>().Int32Value();
+    }
+    return 0;
 }
 
 float Screen::getDevicePixelRatio() const {
@@ -43,8 +47,12 @@ float Screen::getDevicePixelRatio() const {
 }
 
 Screen::Orientation Screen::getDeviceOrientation() const {
+    auto dpi = NapiHelper::napiCallFunction("getDeviceOrientation");
     int32_t value = 0;
-    NapiHelper::napiCallFunction("getDeviceOrientation", &value);
+    if (dpi.IsNumber()) {
+        value = dpi.As<Napi::Number>().Int32Value();
+    }
+
     if(value == 0) {
         return Orientation::PORTRAIT;
     } else if(value == 1) {
@@ -69,7 +77,7 @@ Vec4 Screen::getSafeAreaEdge() const {
 bool Screen::isDisplayStats() {
     se::AutoHandleScope hs;
     se::Value ret;
-    char commandBuf[100] = "cc.profiler.isShowingStats();";
+    const char commandBuf[100] = "cc.profiler.isShowingStats();";
     se::ScriptEngine::getInstance()->evalString(commandBuf, 100, &ret);
     return ret.toBoolean();
 }
diff --git a/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/modules/System.cpp b/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/modules/System.cpp
index 3d17a02c77f..e0c56a2ea41 100644
--- a/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/modules/System.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/modules/System.cpp
@@ -84,8 +84,11 @@ System::LanguageType System::getCurrentLanguage() const {
 }
 
 std::string System::getCurrentLanguageCode() const {
-    std::string str;
-    NapiHelper::napiCallFunction<std::string>("getSystemLanguage", &str);
+    auto ret = NapiHelper::napiCallFunction("getSystemLanguage");
+    if (!ret.IsString()) {
+        return {};
+    }
+    auto str = ret.As<Napi::String>().Utf8Value();
     std::string::size_type pos = str.find('-');
     if(pos != std::string::npos) {
         str = str.substr(0, pos);
@@ -94,9 +97,11 @@ std::string System::getCurrentLanguageCode() const {
 }
 
 std::string System::getSystemVersion() const {
-    std::string str;
-    NapiHelper::napiCallFunction<std::string>("getOSFullName", &str);
-    return str;
+    auto ret = NapiHelper::napiCallFunction("getOSFullName");
+    if (!ret.IsString()) {
+        return {};
+    }
+    return ret.As<Napi::String>().Utf8Value();
 }
 
 bool System::openURL(const std::string& url) {
diff --git a/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/napi/NapiHelper.cpp b/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/napi/NapiHelper.cpp
index dc3c2691b08..2f4bf8bb2f8 100644
--- a/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/napi/NapiHelper.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/napi/NapiHelper.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 /****************************************************************************
  Copyright (c) 2022-2023 Xiamen Yaji Software Co., Ltd.
 
@@ -24,19 +23,22 @@
  THE SOFTWARE.
 ****************************************************************************/
 #include "platform/openharmony/napi/NapiHelper.h"
+
+#include <ace/xcomponent/native_interface_xcomponent.h>
+
 #include "platform/openharmony/OpenHarmonyPlatform.h"
-#include "bindings/jswrapper/napi/HelperMacros.h"
 #include "platform/openharmony/modules/SystemWindow.h"
 #include "platform/openharmony/FileUtils-OpenHarmony.h"
 #include "bindings/jswrapper/SeApi.h"
+
 #if CC_USE_EDITBOX
     #include "ui/edit-box/EditBox-openharmony.h"
 #endif
 #if CC_USE_WEBVIEW
     #include "ui/webview/WebViewImpl-openharmony.h"
 #endif
+
 namespace cc {
-const int32_t kMaxStringLen = 512;
 
 // Must be the same as the value called by js
 enum ContextType {
@@ -50,206 +52,74 @@ enum ContextType {
     EDITBOX_UTILS,
     WEBVIEW_UTILS,
     UV_ASYNC_SEND,
+    VIDEO_UTILS,
 };
-NapiHelper::PostMessage2UIThreadCb NapiHelper::_postMsg2UIThreadCb;
-NapiHelper::PostSyncMessage2UIThreadCb NapiHelper::_postSyncMsg2UIThreadCb;
-
-static bool js_set_PostMessage2UIThreadCallback(se::State& s) {
-    const auto& args = s.args();
-    size_t argc = args.size();
-    CC_UNUSED bool ok = true;
-    if (argc == 1) {
-        do {
-            if (args[0].isObject() && args[0].toObject()->isFunction()) {
-                //se::Value jsThis(s.thisObject());
-                se::Value jsFunc(args[0]);
-                //jsThis.toObject()->attachObject(jsFunc.toObject());
-                auto * thisObj = s.thisObject();
-                NapiHelper::_postMsg2UIThreadCb = [=](const std::string larg0, const se::Value& larg1) -> void {
-                    se::ScriptEngine::getInstance()->clearException();
-                    se::AutoHandleScope hs;
-                    CC_UNUSED bool ok = true;
-                    se::ValueArray args;
-                    args.resize(2);
-                    ok &= nativevalue_to_se(larg0, args[0], nullptr /*ctx*/);
-                    CC_ASSERT(ok);
-                    args[1] = larg1;
-                    //ok &= nativevalue_to_se(larg1, args[1], nullptr /*ctx*/);
-                    se::Value rval;
-                    se::Object* funcObj = jsFunc.toObject();
-                    bool succeed = funcObj->call(args, thisObj, &rval);
-                    if (!succeed) {
-                        se::ScriptEngine::getInstance()->clearException();
-                    }
-                };
-            }
-        } while(false);
-        return true;
-    }
-    SE_REPORT_ERROR("wrong number of arguments: %d, was expecting %d", (int)argc, 1);
-    return false;
-}
-SE_BIND_FUNC(js_set_PostMessage2UIThreadCallback);
-
-static bool js_set_PostSyncMessage2UIThreadCallback(se::State& s) {
-    const auto& args = s.args();
-    size_t argc = args.size();
-    CC_UNUSED bool ok = true;
-    if (argc == 1) {
-        do {
-            if (args[0].isObject() && args[0].toObject()->isFunction()) {
-                //se::Value jsThis(s.thisObject());
-                se::Value jsFunc(args[0]);
-                //jsThis.toObject()->attachObject(jsFunc.toObject());
-                auto * thisObj = s.thisObject();
-                NapiHelper::_postSyncMsg2UIThreadCb = [=](const std::string larg0, const se::Value& larg1, se::Value* res) -> void {
-                    se::ScriptEngine::getInstance()->clearException();
-                    se::AutoHandleScope hs;
-                    CC_UNUSED bool ok = true;
-                    se::ValueArray args;
-                    args.resize(2);
-                    ok &= nativevalue_to_se(larg0, args[0], nullptr /*ctx*/);
-                    CC_ASSERT(ok);
-                    args[1] = larg1;
-                    //ok &= nativevalue_to_se(larg1, args[1], nullptr /*ctx*/);
-                    //se::Value rval;
-                    se::Object* funcObj = jsFunc.toObject();
-                    bool succeed = funcObj->call(args, thisObj, res);
-                    if (!succeed) {
-                        se::ScriptEngine::getInstance()->clearException();
-                    }
-                };
-            }
-        } while(false);
-        return true;
-    }
-    SE_REPORT_ERROR("wrong number of arguments: %d, was expecting %d", (int)argc, 1);
-    return false;
+
+static Napi::Env gWorkerEnv(nullptr);
+static Napi::FunctionReference* gPostMessageToUIThreadFunc = nullptr;
+static Napi::FunctionReference* gPostSyncMessageToUIThreadFunc = nullptr;
+
+#define DEFINE_FUNCTION_CALLBACK(functionName, cachedFunctionRefPtr) \
+static void functionName(const Napi::CallbackInfo &info) { \
+    Napi::Env env = info.Env(); \
+    if (info.Length() != 1) { \
+        Napi::Error::New(env, "setPostMessageFunction, 1 argument expected").ThrowAsJavaScriptException(); \
+        return; \
+    } \
+    \
+    if (!info[0].IsFunction()) { \
+        Napi::TypeError::New(env, "setPostMessageFunction, function expected").ThrowAsJavaScriptException(); \
+        return; \
+    } \
+    \
+    delete cachedFunctionRefPtr; \
+    cachedFunctionRefPtr = new Napi::FunctionReference(Napi::Persistent(info[0].As<Napi::Function>())); \
 }
-SE_BIND_FUNC(js_set_PostSyncMessage2UIThreadCallback);
 
-// NAPI Interface
-napi_value NapiHelper::getContext(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
-    napi_status status;
-    napi_value  exports;
-    size_t      argc = 1;
-    napi_value  args[1];
-    NAPI_CALL(env, napi_get_cb_info(env, info, &argc, args, nullptr, nullptr));
+DEFINE_FUNCTION_CALLBACK(js_set_PostMessage2UIThreadCallback, gPostMessageToUIThreadFunc)
+DEFINE_FUNCTION_CALLBACK(js_set_PostSyncMessage2UIThreadCallback, gPostSyncMessageToUIThreadFunc)
 
-    if (argc != 1) {
-        napi_throw_type_error(env, NULL, "Wrong number of arguments");
-        return nullptr;
+/* static */
+void NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread(const std::string& type, Napi::Value param) {
+    if (gPostMessageToUIThreadFunc == nullptr) {
+        CC_LOG_ERROR("callback was not set %s, type: %s", __FUNCTION__, type.c_str());
+        return;
     }
+    gPostMessageToUIThreadFunc->Call({Napi::String::New(getWorkerEnv(), type), param});
+}
 
-    napi_valuetype valuetype;
-    status = napi_typeof(env, args[0], &valuetype);
-    if (status != napi_ok) {
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    if (valuetype != napi_number) {
-        napi_throw_type_error(env, NULL, "Wrong arguments");
-        return nullptr;
+/* static */
+Napi::Value NapiHelper::postSyncMessageToUIThread(const std::string& type, Napi::Value param) {
+    if (gPostSyncMessageToUIThreadFunc == nullptr) {
+        CC_LOG_ERROR("callback was not set %s, type: %s", __FUNCTION__, type.c_str());
+        return getWorkerEnv().Undefined();
     }
 
-    int64_t value;
-    NAPI_CALL(env, napi_get_value_int64(env, args[0], &value));
-    NAPI_CALL(env, napi_create_object(env, &exports));
-    switch (value) {
-        case APP_LIFECYCLE: {
-            // Register app lifecycle
-            napi_property_descriptor desc[] = {
-                DECLARE_NAPI_FUNCTION("onCreate", NapiHelper::napiOnCreate),
-                DECLARE_NAPI_FUNCTION("onShow", NapiHelper::napiOnShow),
-                DECLARE_NAPI_FUNCTION("onHide", NapiHelper::napiOnHide),
-                DECLARE_NAPI_FUNCTION("onDestroy", NapiHelper::napiOnDestroy),
-            };
-            NAPI_CALL(env, napi_define_properties(env, exports, sizeof(desc) / sizeof(desc[0]), desc));
-        }
-        break;
-        case JS_PAGE_LIFECYCLE: {
-            napi_property_descriptor desc[] = {
-                DECLARE_NAPI_FUNCTION("onPageShow", NapiHelper::napiOnPageShow),
-                DECLARE_NAPI_FUNCTION("onPageHide", NapiHelper::napiOnPageHide),
-            };
-            NAPI_CALL(env, napi_define_properties(env, exports, sizeof(desc) / sizeof(desc[0]), desc));
-        } break;
-        case XCOMPONENT_REGISTER_LIFECYCLE_CALLBACK: {
-        } break;
-        case NATIVE_RENDER_API: {
-            napi_property_descriptor desc[] = {
-                DECLARE_NAPI_FUNCTION("nativeEngineInit", NapiHelper::napiNativeEngineInit),
-                DECLARE_NAPI_FUNCTION("nativeEngineStart", NapiHelper::napiNativeEngineStart),
-            };
-            NAPI_CALL(env, napi_define_properties(env, exports, sizeof(desc) / sizeof(desc[0]), desc));
-        } break;
-        case WORKER_INIT: {
-            se::ScriptEngine::setEnv(env);
-            napi_property_descriptor desc[] = {
-                DECLARE_NAPI_FUNCTION("workerInit", NapiHelper::napiWorkerInit),
-                DECLARE_NAPI_FUNCTION("setPostMessageFunction", _SE(js_set_PostMessage2UIThreadCallback)),
-                DECLARE_NAPI_FUNCTION("setPostSyncMessageFunction", _SE(js_set_PostSyncMessage2UIThreadCallback)),
-            };
-            NAPI_CALL(env, napi_define_properties(env, exports, sizeof(desc) / sizeof(desc[0]), desc));
-        } break;
-        case ENGINE_UTILS: {
-            napi_property_descriptor desc[] = {
-                DECLARE_NAPI_FUNCTION("resourceManagerInit", NapiHelper::napiResourceManagerInit),
-                DECLARE_NAPI_FUNCTION("writablePathInit", NapiHelper::napiWritablePathInit),
-            };
-            NAPI_CALL(env, napi_define_properties(env, exports, sizeof(desc) / sizeof(desc[0]), desc));
-        } break;
-        case EDITBOX_UTILS: {
-            #if CC_USE_EDITBOX
-                std::vector<napi_property_descriptor> desc;
-                OpenHarmonyEditBox::GetInterfaces(desc);
-                NAPI_CALL(env, napi_define_properties(env, exports, desc.size(), desc.data()));
-            #endif
-        } break;
-        case WEBVIEW_UTILS: {
-            #if CC_USE_WEBVIEW
-                std::vector<napi_property_descriptor> desc;
-                OpenHarmonyWebView::GetInterfaces(desc);
-                NAPI_CALL(env, napi_define_properties(env, exports, desc.size(), desc.data()));
-            #endif
-        } break;
-        case UV_ASYNC_SEND: {
-            napi_property_descriptor desc[] = {
-                DECLARE_NAPI_FUNCTION("send", NapiHelper::napiASend),
-            };
-            NAPI_CALL(env, napi_define_properties(env, exports, sizeof(desc) / sizeof(desc[0]), desc));
-        } break;
-        default:
-            LOGE("unknown type");
-    }
-    return exports;
+    // it return a promise object
+    return gPostSyncMessageToUIThreadFunc->Call({Napi::String::New(getWorkerEnv(), type), param}).As<Napi::Promise>();
 }
 
-
-// NAPI Interface
-bool NapiHelper::exportFunctions(napi_env env, napi_value exports) {
-    napi_status status;
-    // Application/SDK etc. Init
-    // XComponent Init:
-    napi_value        exportInstance   = nullptr;
-    OH_NativeXComponent* nativeXComponent = nullptr;
-    int32_t           ret;
-
-    char     idStr[OH_XCOMPONENT_ID_LEN_MAX + 1] = {};
-    uint64_t idSize                           = OH_XCOMPONENT_ID_LEN_MAX + 1;
-
-    status = napi_get_named_property(env, exports, OH_NATIVE_XCOMPONENT_OBJ, &exportInstance);
-    if (status != napi_ok) {
-        return false;
+/* static */
+Napi::Value NapiHelper::napiCallFunction(const char* functionName) {
+    auto env = getWorkerEnv();
+    auto funcVal = env.Global().Get(functionName);
+    if (!funcVal.IsFunction()) {
+        return {};
     }
+    return funcVal.As<Napi::Function>().Call(env.Global(), {});
+}
 
-    status = napi_unwrap(env, exportInstance, reinterpret_cast<void**>(&nativeXComponent));
-    if (status != napi_ok) {
-        LOGE("napi_unwrap %d", status);
+// NAPI Interface
+static bool exportFunctions(Napi::Object exports) {
+    Napi::MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> xcomponentObject = exports.Get(OH_NATIVE_XCOMPONENT_OBJ);
+    if (!xcomponentObject.IsObject()) {
+        CC_LOG_ERROR("Could not get property: %s", OH_NATIVE_XCOMPONENT_OBJ);
         return false;
     }
 
-    ret = OH_NativeXComponent_GetXComponentId(nativeXComponent, idStr, &idSize);
-    if (ret != OH_NATIVEXCOMPONENT_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
+    auto* nativeXComponent = Napi::ObjectWrap<OH_NativeXComponent>::Unwrap(xcomponentObject.As<Napi::Object>());
+    if (nativeXComponent == nullptr) {
+        CC_LOG_ERROR("nativeXComponent is nullptr");
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -257,80 +127,230 @@ bool NapiHelper::exportFunctions(napi_env env, napi_value exports) {
     return true;
 }
 
-napi_value NapiHelper::napiOnCreate(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
+// APP Lifecycle
+static void napiOnCreate(const Napi::CallbackInfo &info) {
     // uv_loop_t* loop = nullptr;
     // NAPI_CALL(env, napi_get_uv_event_loop(env, &loop));
     // OpenHarmonyPlatform::getInstance()->onCreateNative(env, loop);
-    return nullptr;
+    CC_LOG_INFO("napiOnCreate");
 }
 
-napi_value NapiHelper::napiOnShow(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
+static void napiOnShow(const Napi::CallbackInfo &info) {
+    CC_LOG_INFO("napiOnShow");
     cc::WorkerMessageData data{cc::MessageType::WM_APP_SHOW, nullptr, nullptr};
     OpenHarmonyPlatform::getInstance()->enqueue(data);
-    return nullptr;
 }
 
-napi_value NapiHelper::napiOnHide(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
+static void napiOnHide(const Napi::CallbackInfo &info) {
+    CC_LOG_INFO("napiOnHide");
     cc::WorkerMessageData data{cc::MessageType::WM_APP_HIDE, nullptr, nullptr};
     OpenHarmonyPlatform::getInstance()->enqueue(data);
-    return nullptr;
 }
 
-napi_value NapiHelper::napiOnDestroy(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
+static void napiOnDestroy(const Napi::CallbackInfo &info) {
+    CC_LOG_INFO("napiOnDestroy");
     cc::WorkerMessageData data{cc::MessageType::WM_APP_DESTROY, nullptr, nullptr};
     OpenHarmonyPlatform::getInstance()->enqueue(data);
-    return nullptr;
 }
 
-napi_value NapiHelper::napiOnPageShow(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
-    return nullptr;
+// JS Page : Lifecycle
+static void napiOnPageShow(const Napi::CallbackInfo &info) {
+    CC_LOG_INFO("napiOnPageShow");
 }
 
-napi_value NapiHelper::napiOnPageHide(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
-    return nullptr;
+static void napiOnPageHide(const Napi::CallbackInfo &info) {
+    CC_LOG_INFO("napiOnPageHide");
 }
 
-napi_value NapiHelper::napiNativeEngineInit(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
-    se::ScriptEngine::setEnv(env);
+static void napiNativeEngineInit(const Napi::CallbackInfo &info) {
+    #if SCRIPT_ENGINE_TYPE == SCRIPT_ENGINE_NAPI
+        se::ScriptEngine::setEnv(info.Env());
+    #endif
+    CC_LOG_INFO("napiNativeEngineInit before run");
     OpenHarmonyPlatform::getInstance()->run(0, nullptr);
-    return nullptr;
+    CC_LOG_INFO("napiNativeEngineInit after run");
 }
 
-napi_value NapiHelper::napiNativeEngineStart(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
+static void napiNativeEngineStart(const Napi::CallbackInfo &info) {
     OpenHarmonyPlatform::getInstance()->requestVSync();
-    return nullptr;
 }
 
-napi_value NapiHelper::napiWorkerInit(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
+static void napiWorkerInit(const Napi::CallbackInfo &info) {
+    CC_LOG_INFO("napiWorkerInit ...");
+    Napi::Env env = info.Env();
     uv_loop_t* loop = nullptr;
-    NAPI_CALL(env, napi_get_uv_event_loop(env, &loop));
-    OpenHarmonyPlatform::getInstance()->workerInit(env, loop);
-    return nullptr;
+    napi_status status = napi_get_uv_event_loop(napi_env(env), &loop);
+    if (status != napi_ok) {
+        CC_LOG_ERROR("napi_get_uv_event_loop failed!");
+        return;
+    }
+    OpenHarmonyPlatform::getInstance()->workerInit(loop);
 }
 
-napi_value NapiHelper::napiResourceManagerInit(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
-    size_t      argc = 1;
-    napi_value  args[1];
-    NAPI_CALL(env, napi_get_cb_info(env, info, &argc, args, nullptr, nullptr));
-    FileUtilsOpenHarmony::initResourceManager(env, args[0]);
-    return nullptr;
+static void napiResourceManagerInit(const Napi::CallbackInfo &info) {
+    if (info.Length() != 1) {
+        Napi::Error::New(info.Env(), "1 argument expected").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    FileUtilsOpenHarmony::initResourceManager(napi_env(info.Env()), napi_value(info[0]));
 }
 
-napi_value NapiHelper::napiWritablePathInit(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
-    size_t      argc = 1;
-    napi_value  args[1];
-    NAPI_CALL(env, napi_get_cb_info(env, info, &argc, args, nullptr, nullptr));
-
-    napi_status status;
-    char   buffer[kMaxStringLen];
-    size_t result = 0;
-    NODE_API_CALL(status, env, napi_get_value_string_utf8(env, args[0], buffer, kMaxStringLen, &result));
-    FileUtilsOpenHarmony::_ohWritablePath = std::string(buffer);
-    return nullptr;
+static void napiWritablePathInit(const Napi::CallbackInfo &info) {
+    if (info.Length() != 1) {
+        Napi::Error::New(info.Env(), "1 argument expected").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!info[0].IsString()) {
+        Napi::Error::New(info.Env(), "string expected").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    FileUtilsOpenHarmony::_ohWritablePath = info[0].As<Napi::String>().Utf8Value();
 }
 
-napi_value NapiHelper::napiASend(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
+static void napiASend(const Napi::CallbackInfo &info) {
     OpenHarmonyPlatform::getInstance()->triggerMessageSignal();
-    return nullptr;
 }
+
+static void napiOnVideoEvent(const Napi::CallbackInfo &info) {
+    if (info.Length() != 3) {
+        Napi::Error::New(info.Env(), "napiOnVideoEvent, 3 argument expected").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    int32_t videoTag = info[0].As<Napi::Number>().Int32Value();
+    int32_t videoEvent = info[1].As<Napi::Number>().Int32Value();
+    bool hasArg = false;
+    double arg = 0.0;
+    if (info[2].IsNumber()) {
+        arg = info[2].As<Napi::Number>().DoubleValue();
+        hasArg = true;
+    }
+
+    se::AutoHandleScope hs;
+
+    auto *global = se::ScriptEngine::getInstance()->getGlobalObject();
+    se::Value ohVal;
+    bool ok = global->getProperty("oh", &ohVal);
+    if (!ok || !ohVal.isObject()) {
+        CC_LOG_ERROR("oh var not found");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    se::Value onVideoEventVal;
+    ok = ohVal.toObject()->getProperty("onVideoEvent", &onVideoEventVal);
+    if (!ok || !onVideoEventVal.isObject() || !onVideoEventVal.toObject()->isFunction()) {
+        CC_LOG_ERROR("onVideoEvent not found");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Convert args to se::ValueArray
+    se::ValueArray seArgs;
+    seArgs.reserve(3);
+    seArgs.emplace_back(se::Value(videoTag));
+    seArgs.emplace_back(se::Value(videoEvent));
+    if (hasArg) {
+        seArgs.emplace_back(se::Value(arg));
+    }
+
+    ok = onVideoEventVal.toObject()->call(seArgs, ohVal.toObject());
+    if (!ok) {
+        CC_LOG_ERROR("Call oh.onEventEvent failed!");
+    }
+}
+
+// NAPI Interface
+static Napi::Value getContext(const Napi::CallbackInfo &info) {
+    Napi::Env env = info.Env();
+    size_t argc = info.Length();
+    if (argc != 1) {
+        Napi::Error::New(env, "Wrong argument count, 1 expected!").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+        return env.Undefined();
+    }
+
+    if (!info[0].IsNumber()) {
+        Napi::TypeError::New(env, "number expected!").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+        return env.Undefined();
+    }
+
+    auto exports = Napi::Object::New(env);
+    int64_t value = info[0].As<Napi::Number>().Int64Value();
+
+    switch (value) {
+        case APP_LIFECYCLE: {
+            exports["onCreate"] = Napi::Function::New(env, napiOnCreate);
+            exports["onDestroy"] = Napi::Function::New(env, napiOnDestroy);
+            exports["onShow"] = Napi::Function::New(env, napiOnShow);
+            exports["onHide"] = Napi::Function::New(env, napiOnHide);
+        } break;
+        case JS_PAGE_LIFECYCLE: {
+            exports["onPageShow"] = Napi::Function::New(env, napiOnPageShow);
+            exports["onPageHide"] = Napi::Function::New(env, napiOnPageHide);
+        } break;
+        case XCOMPONENT_REGISTER_LIFECYCLE_CALLBACK: {
+
+        } break;
+        case NATIVE_RENDER_API: {
+            exports["nativeEngineInit"] = Napi::Function::New(env, napiNativeEngineInit);
+            exports["nativeEngineStart"] = Napi::Function::New(env, napiNativeEngineStart);
+        } break;
+        case WORKER_INIT: {
+            #if SCRIPT_ENGINE_TYPE == SCRIPT_ENGINE_NAPI
+                se::ScriptEngine::setEnv(env);
+            #endif
+
+            gWorkerEnv = env;
+            exports["workerInit"] = Napi::Function::New(env, napiWorkerInit);
+            exports["setPostMessageFunction"] = Napi::Function::New(env, js_set_PostMessage2UIThreadCallback);
+            exports["setPostSyncMessageFunction"] = Napi::Function::New(env, js_set_PostSyncMessage2UIThreadCallback);
+
+        } break;
+        case ENGINE_UTILS: {
+            exports["resourceManagerInit"] = Napi::Function::New(env, napiResourceManagerInit);
+            exports["writablePathInit"] = Napi::Function::New(env, napiWritablePathInit);
+        } break;
+        case EDITBOX_UTILS: {
+        #if CC_USE_EDITBOX
+            exports["onTextChange"] = Napi::Function::New(env, OpenHarmonyEditBox::napiOnTextChange);
+            exports["onComplete"] = Napi::Function::New(env, OpenHarmonyEditBox::napiOnComplete);
+        #endif
+        } break;
+        case WEBVIEW_UTILS: {
+        #if CC_USE_WEBVIEW
+            exports["shouldStartLoading"] = Napi::Function::New(env, OpenHarmonyWebView::napiShouldStartLoading);
+            exports["finishLoading"] = Napi::Function::New(env, OpenHarmonyWebView::napiFinishLoading);
+            exports["failLoading"] = Napi::Function::New(env, OpenHarmonyWebView::napiFailLoading);
+            exports["jsCallback"] = Napi::Function::New(env, OpenHarmonyWebView::napiJsCallback);
+        #endif
+        } break;
+        case UV_ASYNC_SEND: {
+            exports["send"] = Napi::Function::New(env, napiASend);
+        } break;
+    case VIDEO_UTILS: {
+            exports["onVideoEvent"] = Napi::Function::New(env, napiOnVideoEvent);
+        } break;
+        default:
+            CC_LOG_ERROR("unknown type");
+    }
+
+    return exports;
 }
+
+/* static */
+Napi::Env NapiHelper::getWorkerEnv() {
+    return gWorkerEnv;
+}
+
+/* static */
+Napi::Object NapiHelper::init(Napi::Env env, Napi::Object exports) {
+    exports["getContext"] = Napi::Function::New(env, getContext);
+    bool ret = exportFunctions(exports);
+    if (!ret) {
+        CC_LOG_ERROR("NapiHelper init failed");
+    }
+    return exports;
+}
+
+} // namespace cc
diff --git a/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/napi/NapiHelper.h b/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/napi/NapiHelper.h
index af20e1f2709..e1f59113a83 100644
--- a/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/napi/NapiHelper.h
+++ b/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/napi/NapiHelper.h
@@ -25,91 +25,20 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <napi/native_api.h>
-#include "cocos/bindings/jswrapper/SeApi.h"
-#include "cocos/bindings/manual/jsb_conversions.h"
+#define NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_TYPE_CHECK_ON_AS 1
+#define NAPI_DISABLE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS 1
+#define NODE_ADDON_API_DISABLE_DEPRECATED 1
+#include "napi.h"
 
 namespace cc {
 
 class NapiHelper {
 public:
-
-    static napi_value getContext(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
-    // APP Lifecycle
-    static napi_value napiOnCreate(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
-    static napi_value napiOnShow(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
-    static napi_value napiOnHide(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
-    static napi_value napiOnDestroy(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
-
-    // JS Page : Lifecycle
-    static napi_value napiOnPageShow(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
-    static napi_value napiOnPageHide(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
-
-    // Worker Func
-    static napi_value napiWorkerInit(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
-    static napi_value napiASend(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
-    static napi_value napiNativeEngineInit(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
-    static napi_value napiNativeEngineStart(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
-
-    static napi_value napiWritablePathInit(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
-    static napi_value napiResourceManagerInit(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
-
-    template <class ReturnType>
-    static napi_value napiCallFunction(const std::string& functionName, ReturnType* value) {
-        if (!se::ScriptEngine::getInstance()->isValid()) {
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-        se::Value tickVal;
-        se::AutoHandleScope scope;
-        if (tickVal.isUndefined()) {
-            se::ScriptEngine::getInstance()->getGlobalObject()->getProperty(functionName, &tickVal);
-        }
-        se::Value rval;
-        se::ValueArray tickArgsValArr(1);
-        if (!tickVal.isUndefined()) {
-            tickVal.toObject()->call(tickArgsValArr, nullptr, &rval);
-        }
-        if(rval.isNullOrUndefined()) {
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-        bool ok = true;
-        ok &= sevalue_to_native(rval, value, nullptr);
-        SE_PRECONDITION2(ok, nullptr, "Error processing arguments");
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    static napi_value napiSetPostMessageFunction(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
-    // Napi export
-    static bool exportFunctions(napi_env env, napi_value exports);
-
-    template <typename ParamType>
-    static void postMessageToUIThread(const std::string& type, ParamType param) {
-        if (!_postMsg2UIThreadCb) {
-            return;
-        }
-        CC_UNUSED bool ok = true;
-        se::Value value;
-        ok &= nativevalue_to_se(param, value, nullptr /*ctx*/);
-        _postMsg2UIThreadCb(type, value);
-    }
-
-    template <typename ParamType, typename ResType>
-    static void postSyncMessageToUIThread(const std::string& type, ParamType param, ResType* res) {
-        if (!_postSyncMsg2UIThreadCb) {
-            return;
-        }
-        CC_UNUSED bool ok = true;
-        se::Value value;
-        ok &= nativevalue_to_se(param, value, nullptr /*ctx*/);
-        se::Value seOut;
-        _postSyncMsg2UIThreadCb(type, value, &seOut);
-        sevalue_to_native(seOut, res, nullptr);
-    }
-
-public:
-    using PostMessage2UIThreadCb = std::function<void(const std::string&, const se::Value&)>;
-    static PostMessage2UIThreadCb _postMsg2UIThreadCb;
-    using PostSyncMessage2UIThreadCb = std::function<void(const std::string&, const se::Value&, se::Value*)>;
-    static PostSyncMessage2UIThreadCb _postSyncMsg2UIThreadCb;
+    static Napi::Env getWorkerEnv();
+    static Napi::Object init(Napi::Env env, Napi::Object exports);
+    static Napi::Value napiCallFunction(const char* functionName);
+    static void postMessageToUIThread(const std::string& type, Napi::Value param);
+    static Napi::Value postSyncMessageToUIThread(const std::string& type, Napi::Value param);
 };
 
-}
+}  // namespace cc
diff --git a/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/napi/NapiInit.cpp b/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/napi/NapiInit.cpp
index 367ec238b3a..41bf2009ea5 100644
--- a/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/napi/NapiInit.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/napi/NapiInit.cpp
@@ -22,24 +22,15 @@
  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
  THE SOFTWARE.
 ****************************************************************************/
-#include <ace/xcomponent/native_interface_xcomponent.h>
-#include "bindings/jswrapper/SeApi.h"
+
 #include "platform/openharmony/napi/NapiHelper.h"
 
-const char kLibname[] = "cocos";
+static const char kLibname[] = "cocos";
 /*
  * function for module exports
  */
 static napi_value init(napi_env env, napi_value exports) {
-    napi_property_descriptor desc[] = {
-        DECLARE_NAPI_FUNCTION("getContext", cc::NapiHelper::getContext),
-    };
-    
-    NAPI_CALL(env, napi_define_properties(env, exports, sizeof(desc) / sizeof(desc[0]), desc));
-    bool ret = cc::NapiHelper::exportFunctions(env, exports);
-    if (!ret) {
-        LOGE("Init failed");
-    }
+    cc::NapiHelper::init(Napi::Env(env), Napi::Object(env, exports));
     return exports;
 }
 
@@ -58,6 +49,6 @@ static napi_module cocos2dModule = {
 /*
  * Module register function
  */
-extern "C" __attribute__((constructor)) void RegisterModule(void) {
+extern "C" __attribute__((visibility ("default"))) __attribute__((constructor)) void RegisterModule(void) {
     napi_module_register(&cocos2dModule);
 }
diff --git a/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/napi/napi-inl.h b/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/napi/napi-inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..88e7d4a4d33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/napi/napi-inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6618 @@
+#ifndef SRC_NAPI_INL_H_
+#define SRC_NAPI_INL_H_
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Node-API C++ Wrapper Classes
+//
+// Inline header-only implementations for "Node-API" ABI-stable C APIs for
+// Node.js.
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Note: Do not include this file directly! Include "napi.h" instead.
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstring>
+#if NAPI_HAS_THREADS
+#include <mutex>
+#endif  // NAPI_HAS_THREADS
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <hilog/log.h>
+
+#define MY_LOGE(...) ((void) OH_LOG_Print(LOG_APP, LOG_ERROR, LOG_DOMAIN, "cjh", __VA_ARGS__))
+
+namespace Napi {
+
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_CUSTOM_NAMESPACE
+namespace NAPI_CPP_CUSTOM_NAMESPACE {
+#endif
+
+// Helpers to handle functions exposed from C++ and internal constants.
+namespace details {
+
+// New napi_status constants not yet available in all supported versions of
+// Node.js releases. Only necessary when they are used in napi.h and napi-inl.h.
+constexpr int napi_no_external_buffers_allowed = 22;
+
+// Attach a data item to an object and delete it when the object gets
+// garbage-collected.
+// TODO: Replace this code with `napi_add_finalizer()` whenever it becomes
+// available on all supported versions of Node.js.
+template <typename FreeType>
+inline napi_status AttachData(napi_env env,
+                              napi_value obj,
+                              FreeType* data,
+                              napi_finalize finalizer = nullptr,
+                              void* hint = nullptr) {
+  napi_status status;
+  if (finalizer == nullptr) {
+    finalizer = [](napi_env /*env*/, void* data, void* /*hint*/) {
+      delete static_cast<FreeType*>(data);
+    };
+  }
+#if 1 //cjh (NAPI_VERSION < 5)
+  napi_value symbol, external;
+  // status = napi_create_symbol(env, nullptr, &symbol);
+  // MY_LOGE("AttachData 02, %{public}p", symbol);
+  status = napi_ok;
+  if (status == napi_ok) {
+    status = napi_create_external(env, data, finalizer, hint, &external);
+    if (status == napi_ok) {
+      static uint32_t name_index = 0;
+      char property_name[30] = {0};
+      snprintf(property_name, sizeof(property_name), "__ccext_%u", ++name_index);
+
+      napi_property_descriptor desc = {property_name,//nullptr,
+                                      nullptr,//  symbol, //cjh
+                                       nullptr,
+                                       nullptr,
+                                       nullptr,
+                                       external,
+                                       napi_default,
+                                       nullptr};
+      status = napi_define_properties(env, obj, 1, &desc);
+    }
+  }
+#else  // NAPI_VERSION >= 5
+  status = napi_add_finalizer(env, obj, data, finalizer, hint, nullptr);
+#endif
+  return status;
+}
+
+// For use in JS to C++ callback wrappers to catch any Napi::Error exceptions
+// and rethrow them as JavaScript exceptions before returning from the callback.
+template <typename Callable>
+inline napi_value WrapCallback(Callable callback) {
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+  try {
+    return callback();
+  } catch (const Error& e) {
+    e.ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+#else   // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+  // When C++ exceptions are disabled, errors are immediately thrown as JS
+  // exceptions, so there is no need to catch and rethrow them here.
+  return callback();
+#endif  // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+}
+
+// For use in JS to C++ void callback wrappers to catch any Napi::Error
+// exceptions and rethrow them as JavaScript exceptions before returning from
+// the callback.
+template <typename Callable>
+inline void WrapVoidCallback(Callable callback) {
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+  try {
+    callback();
+  } catch (const Error& e) {
+    e.ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+  }
+#else   // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+  // When C++ exceptions are disabled, errors are immediately thrown as JS
+  // exceptions, so there is no need to catch and rethrow them here.
+  callback();
+#endif  // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+}
+
+template <typename Callable, typename Return>
+struct CallbackData {
+  static inline napi_value Wrapper(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
+    return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+      CallbackInfo callbackInfo(env, info);
+      CallbackData* callbackData =
+          static_cast<CallbackData*>(callbackInfo.Data());
+      callbackInfo.SetData(callbackData->data);
+      auto ret = callbackData->callback(callbackInfo);
+      return ret;
+    });
+  }
+
+  Callable callback;
+  void* data;
+};
+
+template <typename Callable>
+struct CallbackData<Callable, void> {
+  static inline napi_value Wrapper(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
+    return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+      CallbackInfo callbackInfo(env, info);
+      CallbackData* callbackData =
+          static_cast<CallbackData*>(callbackInfo.Data());
+      callbackInfo.SetData(callbackData->data);
+      callbackData->callback(callbackInfo);
+      return nullptr;
+    });
+  }
+
+  Callable callback;
+  void* data;
+};
+
+template <void (*Callback)(const CallbackInfo& info)>
+napi_value TemplatedVoidCallback(napi_env env,
+                                 napi_callback_info info) NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+  return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    CallbackInfo cbInfo(env, info);
+    Callback(cbInfo);
+    return nullptr;
+  });
+}
+
+template <Napi::Value (*Callback)(const CallbackInfo& info)>
+napi_value TemplatedCallback(napi_env env,
+                             napi_callback_info info) NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+  return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    CallbackInfo cbInfo(env, info);
+    return Callback(cbInfo);
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename T,
+          Napi::Value (T::*UnwrapCallback)(const CallbackInfo& info)>
+napi_value TemplatedInstanceCallback(napi_env env,
+                                     napi_callback_info info) NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+  return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    CallbackInfo cbInfo(env, info);
+    T* instance = T::Unwrap(cbInfo.This().As<Object>());
+    return instance ? (instance->*UnwrapCallback)(cbInfo) : Napi::Value();
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename T, void (T::*UnwrapCallback)(const CallbackInfo& info)>
+napi_value TemplatedInstanceVoidCallback(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info)
+    NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+  return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    CallbackInfo cbInfo(env, info);
+    T* instance = T::Unwrap(cbInfo.This().As<Object>());
+    if (instance) (instance->*UnwrapCallback)(cbInfo);
+    return nullptr;
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename Finalizer, typename Hint = void>
+struct FinalizeData {
+  static inline void Wrapper(napi_env env,
+                             void* data,
+                             void* finalizeHint) NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+    WrapVoidCallback([&] {
+      FinalizeData* finalizeData = static_cast<FinalizeData*>(finalizeHint);
+      finalizeData->callback(Env(env), static_cast<T*>(data));
+      delete finalizeData;
+    });
+  }
+
+  static inline void WrapperWithHint(napi_env env,
+                                     void* data,
+                                     void* finalizeHint) NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+    WrapVoidCallback([&] {
+      FinalizeData* finalizeData = static_cast<FinalizeData*>(finalizeHint);
+      finalizeData->callback(
+          Env(env), static_cast<T*>(data), finalizeData->hint);
+      delete finalizeData;
+    });
+  }
+
+  Finalizer callback;
+  Hint* hint;
+};
+
+#if (NAPI_VERSION > 3 && NAPI_HAS_THREADS)
+template <typename ContextType = void,
+          typename Finalizer = std::function<void(Env, void*, ContextType*)>,
+          typename FinalizerDataType = void>
+struct ThreadSafeFinalize {
+  static inline void Wrapper(napi_env env,
+                             void* rawFinalizeData,
+                             void* /* rawContext */) {
+    if (rawFinalizeData == nullptr) return;
+
+    ThreadSafeFinalize* finalizeData =
+        static_cast<ThreadSafeFinalize*>(rawFinalizeData);
+    finalizeData->callback(Env(env));
+    delete finalizeData;
+  }
+
+  static inline void FinalizeWrapperWithData(napi_env env,
+                                             void* rawFinalizeData,
+                                             void* /* rawContext */) {
+    if (rawFinalizeData == nullptr) return;
+
+    ThreadSafeFinalize* finalizeData =
+        static_cast<ThreadSafeFinalize*>(rawFinalizeData);
+    finalizeData->callback(Env(env), finalizeData->data);
+    delete finalizeData;
+  }
+
+  static inline void FinalizeWrapperWithContext(napi_env env,
+                                                void* rawFinalizeData,
+                                                void* rawContext) {
+    if (rawFinalizeData == nullptr) return;
+
+    ThreadSafeFinalize* finalizeData =
+        static_cast<ThreadSafeFinalize*>(rawFinalizeData);
+    finalizeData->callback(Env(env), static_cast<ContextType*>(rawContext));
+    delete finalizeData;
+  }
+
+  static inline void FinalizeFinalizeWrapperWithDataAndContext(
+      napi_env env, void* rawFinalizeData, void* rawContext) {
+    if (rawFinalizeData == nullptr) return;
+
+    ThreadSafeFinalize* finalizeData =
+        static_cast<ThreadSafeFinalize*>(rawFinalizeData);
+    finalizeData->callback(
+        Env(env), finalizeData->data, static_cast<ContextType*>(rawContext));
+    delete finalizeData;
+  }
+
+  FinalizerDataType* data;
+  Finalizer callback;
+};
+
+template <typename ContextType, typename DataType, typename CallJs, CallJs call>
+inline typename std::enable_if<call != static_cast<CallJs>(nullptr)>::type
+CallJsWrapper(napi_env env, napi_value jsCallback, void* context, void* data) {
+  call(env,
+       Function(env, jsCallback),
+       static_cast<ContextType*>(context),
+       static_cast<DataType*>(data));
+}
+
+template <typename ContextType, typename DataType, typename CallJs, CallJs call>
+inline typename std::enable_if<call == static_cast<CallJs>(nullptr)>::type
+CallJsWrapper(napi_env env,
+              napi_value jsCallback,
+              void* /*context*/,
+              void* /*data*/) {
+  if (jsCallback != nullptr) {
+    Function(env, jsCallback).Call(0, nullptr);
+  }
+}
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 4
+
+template <typename CallbackType, typename TSFN>
+napi_value DefaultCallbackWrapper(napi_env /*env*/, std::nullptr_t /*cb*/) {
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+template <typename CallbackType, typename TSFN>
+napi_value DefaultCallbackWrapper(napi_env /*env*/, Napi::Function cb) {
+  return cb;
+}
+
+#else
+template <typename CallbackType, typename TSFN>
+napi_value DefaultCallbackWrapper(napi_env env, Napi::Function cb) {
+  if (cb.IsEmpty()) {
+    return TSFN::EmptyFunctionFactory(env);
+  }
+  return cb;
+}
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 4
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 3 && NAPI_HAS_THREADS
+
+template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+struct AccessorCallbackData {
+  static inline napi_value GetterWrapper(napi_env env,
+                                         napi_callback_info info) {
+    return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+      CallbackInfo callbackInfo(env, info);
+      AccessorCallbackData* callbackData =
+          static_cast<AccessorCallbackData*>(callbackInfo.Data());
+      callbackInfo.SetData(callbackData->data);
+      return callbackData->getterCallback(callbackInfo);
+    });
+  }
+
+  static inline napi_value SetterWrapper(napi_env env,
+                                         napi_callback_info info) {
+    return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+      CallbackInfo callbackInfo(env, info);
+      AccessorCallbackData* callbackData =
+          static_cast<AccessorCallbackData*>(callbackInfo.Data());
+      callbackInfo.SetData(callbackData->data);
+      callbackData->setterCallback(callbackInfo);
+      return nullptr;
+    });
+  }
+
+  Getter getterCallback;
+  Setter setterCallback;
+  void* data;
+};
+
+}  // namespace details
+
+#ifndef NODE_ADDON_API_DISABLE_DEPRECATED
+#include "napi-inl.deprecated.h"
+#endif  // !NODE_ADDON_API_DISABLE_DEPRECATED
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Module registration
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Register an add-on based on an initializer function.
+#define NODE_API_MODULE(modname, regfunc)                                      \
+  static napi_value __napi_##regfunc(napi_env env, napi_value exports) {       \
+    return Napi::RegisterModule(env, exports, regfunc);                        \
+  }                                                                            \
+  NAPI_MODULE(modname, __napi_##regfunc)
+
+// Register an add-on based on a subclass of `Addon<T>` with a custom Node.js
+// module name.
+#define NODE_API_NAMED_ADDON(modname, classname)                               \
+  static napi_value __napi_##classname(napi_env env, napi_value exports) {     \
+    return Napi::RegisterModule(env, exports, &classname::Init);               \
+  }                                                                            \
+  NAPI_MODULE(modname, __napi_##classname)
+
+// Register an add-on based on a subclass of `Addon<T>` with the Node.js module
+// name given by node-gyp from the `target_name` in binding.gyp.
+#define NODE_API_ADDON(classname)                                              \
+  NODE_API_NAMED_ADDON(NODE_GYP_MODULE_NAME, classname)
+
+// Adapt the NAPI_MODULE registration function:
+//  - Wrap the arguments in NAPI wrappers.
+//  - Catch any NAPI errors and rethrow as JS exceptions.
+inline napi_value RegisterModule(napi_env env,
+                                 napi_value exports,
+                                 ModuleRegisterCallback registerCallback) {
+  return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    return napi_value(
+        registerCallback(Napi::Env(env), Napi::Object(env, exports)));
+  });
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Maybe class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <class T>
+bool Maybe<T>::IsNothing() const {
+  return !_has_value;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+bool Maybe<T>::IsJust() const {
+  return _has_value;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void Maybe<T>::Check() const {
+  NAPI_CHECK(IsJust(), "Napi::Maybe::Check", "Maybe value is Nothing.");
+}
+
+template <class T>
+T Maybe<T>::Unwrap() const {
+  NAPI_CHECK(IsJust(), "Napi::Maybe::Unwrap", "Maybe value is Nothing.");
+  return _value;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+T Maybe<T>::UnwrapOr(const T& default_value) const {
+  return _has_value ? _value : default_value;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+bool Maybe<T>::UnwrapTo(T* out) const {
+  if (IsJust()) {
+    *out = _value;
+    return true;
+  };
+  return false;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+bool Maybe<T>::operator==(const Maybe& other) const {
+  return (IsJust() == other.IsJust()) &&
+         (!IsJust() || Unwrap() == other.Unwrap());
+}
+
+template <class T>
+bool Maybe<T>::operator!=(const Maybe& other) const {
+  return !operator==(other);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Maybe<T>::Maybe() : _has_value(false) {}
+
+template <class T>
+Maybe<T>::Maybe(const T& t) : _has_value(true), _value(t) {}
+
+template <class T>
+inline Maybe<T> Nothing() {
+  return Maybe<T>();
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline Maybe<T> Just(const T& t) {
+  return Maybe<T>(t);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Env class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline Env::Env(napi_env env) : _env(env) {}
+
+inline Env::operator napi_env() const {
+  return _env;
+}
+
+inline Object Env::Global() const {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_global(*this, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(*this, status, Object());
+  return Object(*this, value);
+}
+
+inline Value Env::Undefined() const {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_undefined(*this, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(*this, status, Value());
+  return Value(*this, value);
+}
+
+inline Value Env::Null() const {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_null(*this, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(*this, status, Value());
+  return Value(*this, value);
+}
+
+inline bool Env::IsExceptionPending() const {
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_is_exception_pending(_env, &result);
+  if (status != napi_ok)
+    result = false;  // Checking for a pending exception shouldn't throw.
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline Error Env::GetAndClearPendingException() const {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_and_clear_last_exception(_env, &value);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    // Don't throw another exception when failing to get the exception!
+    return Error();
+  }
+  return Error(_env, value);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Value> Env::RunScript(const char* utf8script) const {
+  String script = String::New(_env, utf8script);
+  return RunScript(script);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Value> Env::RunScript(const std::string& utf8script) const {
+  return RunScript(utf8script.c_str());
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Value> Env::RunScript(String script) const {
+  napi_value result;
+  napi_status status = napi_run_script(_env, script, &result);
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(
+      _env, status, Napi::Value(_env, result), Napi::Value);
+}
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 2
+template <typename Hook, typename Arg>
+void Env::CleanupHook<Hook, Arg>::Wrapper(void* data) NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+  auto* cleanupData =
+      static_cast<typename Napi::Env::CleanupHook<Hook, Arg>::CleanupData*>(
+          data);
+  cleanupData->hook();
+  delete cleanupData;
+}
+
+template <typename Hook, typename Arg>
+void Env::CleanupHook<Hook, Arg>::WrapperWithArg(void* data) NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+  auto* cleanupData =
+      static_cast<typename Napi::Env::CleanupHook<Hook, Arg>::CleanupData*>(
+          data);
+  cleanupData->hook(static_cast<Arg*>(cleanupData->arg));
+  delete cleanupData;
+}
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 2
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+template <typename T, Env::Finalizer<T> fini>
+inline void Env::SetInstanceData(T* data) const {
+  napi_status status = napi_set_instance_data(
+      _env,
+      data,
+      [](napi_env env, void* data, void*) { fini(env, static_cast<T*>(data)); },
+      nullptr);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+template <typename DataType,
+          typename HintType,
+          Napi::Env::FinalizerWithHint<DataType, HintType> fini>
+inline void Env::SetInstanceData(DataType* data, HintType* hint) const {
+  napi_status status = napi_set_instance_data(
+      _env,
+      data,
+      [](napi_env env, void* data, void* hint) {
+        fini(env, static_cast<DataType*>(data), static_cast<HintType*>(hint));
+      },
+      hint);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T* Env::GetInstanceData() const {
+  void* data = nullptr;
+
+  napi_status status = napi_get_instance_data(_env, &data);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, nullptr);
+
+  return static_cast<T*>(data);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+void Env::DefaultFini(Env, T* data) {
+  delete data;
+}
+
+template <typename DataType, typename HintType>
+void Env::DefaultFiniWithHint(Env, DataType* data, HintType*) {
+  delete data;
+}
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Value class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline Value::Value() : _env(nullptr), _value(nullptr) {}
+
+inline Value::Value(napi_env env, napi_value value)
+    : _env(env), _value(value) {}
+
+inline Value::operator napi_value() const {
+  return _value;
+}
+
+inline bool Value::operator==(const Value& other) const {
+  return StrictEquals(other);
+}
+
+inline bool Value::operator!=(const Value& other) const {
+  return !this->operator==(other);
+}
+
+inline bool Value::StrictEquals(const Value& other) const {
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_strict_equals(_env, *this, other, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline Napi::Env Value::Env() const {
+  return Napi::Env(_env);
+}
+
+inline bool Value::IsEmpty() const {
+  return _value == nullptr;
+}
+
+inline napi_valuetype Value::Type() const {
+  if (IsEmpty()) {
+    return napi_undefined;
+  }
+
+  napi_valuetype type;
+  napi_status status = napi_typeof(_env, _value, &type);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, napi_undefined);
+  return type;
+}
+
+inline bool Value::IsUndefined() const {
+  return Type() == napi_undefined;
+}
+
+inline bool Value::IsNull() const {
+  return Type() == napi_null;
+}
+
+inline bool Value::IsBoolean() const {
+  return Type() == napi_boolean;
+}
+
+inline bool Value::IsNumber() const {
+  return Type() == napi_number;
+}
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+inline bool Value::IsBigInt() const {
+  return Type() == napi_bigint;
+}
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+
+#if (NAPI_VERSION > 4)
+inline bool Value::IsDate() const {
+  if (IsEmpty()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_is_date(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return result;
+}
+#endif
+
+inline bool Value::IsString() const {
+  return Type() == napi_string;
+}
+
+inline bool Value::IsSymbol() const {
+  return Type() == napi_symbol;
+}
+
+inline bool Value::IsArray() const {
+  if (IsEmpty()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_is_array(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline bool Value::IsArrayBuffer() const {
+  if (IsEmpty()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_is_arraybuffer(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline bool Value::IsTypedArray() const {
+  if (IsEmpty()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_is_typedarray(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline bool Value::IsObject() const {
+  return Type() == napi_object || IsFunction();
+}
+
+inline bool Value::IsFunction() const {
+  return Type() == napi_function;
+}
+
+inline bool Value::IsPromise() const {
+  if (IsEmpty()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_is_promise(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline bool Value::IsDataView() const {
+  if (IsEmpty()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_is_dataview(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline bool Value::IsBuffer() const {
+  if (IsEmpty()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_is_buffer(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline bool Value::IsExternal() const {
+  return Type() == napi_external;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T Value::As() const {
+#ifdef NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_TYPE_CHECK_ON_AS
+  T::CheckCast(_env, _value);
+#endif
+  return T(_env, _value);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Boolean> Value::ToBoolean() const {
+  napi_value result;
+  napi_status status = napi_coerce_to_bool(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(
+      _env, status, Napi::Boolean(_env, result), Napi::Boolean);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Number> Value::ToNumber() const {
+  napi_value result;
+  napi_status status = napi_coerce_to_number(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(
+      _env, status, Napi::Number(_env, result), Napi::Number);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<String> Value::ToString() const {
+  napi_value result;
+  napi_status status = napi_coerce_to_string(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(
+      _env, status, Napi::String(_env, result), Napi::String);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Object> Value::ToObject() const {
+  napi_value result;
+  napi_status status = napi_coerce_to_object(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(
+      _env, status, Napi::Object(_env, result), Napi::Object);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Boolean class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline Boolean Boolean::New(napi_env env, bool val) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_boolean(env, val, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Boolean());
+  return Boolean(env, value);
+}
+
+inline void Boolean::CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value) {
+  NAPI_CHECK(value != nullptr, "Boolean::CheckCast", "empty value");
+
+  napi_valuetype type;
+  napi_status status = napi_typeof(env, value, &type);
+  NAPI_CHECK(status == napi_ok, "Boolean::CheckCast", "napi_typeof failed");
+  NAPI_CHECK(
+      type == napi_boolean, "Boolean::CheckCast", "value is not napi_boolean");
+}
+
+inline Boolean::Boolean() : Napi::Value() {}
+
+inline Boolean::Boolean(napi_env env, napi_value value)
+    : Napi::Value(env, value) {}
+
+inline Boolean::operator bool() const {
+  return Value();
+}
+
+inline bool Boolean::Value() const {
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_value_bool(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return result;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Number class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline Number Number::New(napi_env env, double val) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_double(env, val, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Number());
+  return Number(env, value);
+}
+
+inline void Number::CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value) {
+  NAPI_CHECK(value != nullptr, "Number::CheckCast", "empty value");
+
+  napi_valuetype type;
+  napi_status status = napi_typeof(env, value, &type);
+  NAPI_CHECK(status == napi_ok, "Number::CheckCast", "napi_typeof failed");
+  NAPI_CHECK(
+      type == napi_number, "Number::CheckCast", "value is not napi_number");
+}
+
+inline Number::Number() : Value() {}
+
+inline Number::Number(napi_env env, napi_value value) : Value(env, value) {}
+
+inline Number::operator int32_t() const {
+  return Int32Value();
+}
+
+inline Number::operator uint32_t() const {
+  return Uint32Value();
+}
+
+inline Number::operator int64_t() const {
+  return Int64Value();
+}
+
+inline Number::operator float() const {
+  return FloatValue();
+}
+
+inline Number::operator double() const {
+  return DoubleValue();
+}
+
+inline int32_t Number::Int32Value() const {
+  int32_t result;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_value_int32(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, 0);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline uint32_t Number::Uint32Value() const {
+  uint32_t result;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_value_uint32(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, 0);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline int64_t Number::Int64Value() const {
+  int64_t result;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_value_int64(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, 0);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline float Number::FloatValue() const {
+  return static_cast<float>(DoubleValue());
+}
+
+inline double Number::DoubleValue() const {
+  double result;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_value_double(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, 0);
+  return result;
+}
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// BigInt Class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline BigInt BigInt::New(napi_env env, int64_t val) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_bigint_int64(env, val, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, BigInt());
+  return BigInt(env, value);
+}
+
+inline BigInt BigInt::New(napi_env env, uint64_t val) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_bigint_uint64(env, val, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, BigInt());
+  return BigInt(env, value);
+}
+
+inline BigInt BigInt::New(napi_env env,
+                          int sign_bit,
+                          size_t word_count,
+                          const uint64_t* words) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_create_bigint_words(env, sign_bit, word_count, words, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, BigInt());
+  return BigInt(env, value);
+}
+
+inline void BigInt::CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value) {
+  NAPI_CHECK(value != nullptr, "BigInt::CheckCast", "empty value");
+
+  napi_valuetype type;
+  napi_status status = napi_typeof(env, value, &type);
+  NAPI_CHECK(status == napi_ok, "BigInt::CheckCast", "napi_typeof failed");
+  NAPI_CHECK(
+      type == napi_bigint, "BigInt::CheckCast", "value is not napi_bigint");
+}
+
+inline BigInt::BigInt() : Value() {}
+
+inline BigInt::BigInt(napi_env env, napi_value value) : Value(env, value) {}
+
+inline int64_t BigInt::Int64Value(bool* lossless) const {
+  int64_t result;
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_get_value_bigint_int64(_env, _value, &result, lossless);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, 0);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline uint64_t BigInt::Uint64Value(bool* lossless) const {
+  uint64_t result;
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_get_value_bigint_uint64(_env, _value, &result, lossless);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, 0);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline size_t BigInt::WordCount() const {
+  size_t word_count;
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_get_value_bigint_words(_env, _value, nullptr, &word_count, nullptr);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, 0);
+  return word_count;
+}
+
+inline void BigInt::ToWords(int* sign_bit,
+                            size_t* word_count,
+                            uint64_t* words) {
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_get_value_bigint_words(_env, _value, sign_bit, word_count, words);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+
+#if (NAPI_VERSION > 4)
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Date Class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline Date Date::New(napi_env env, double val) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_date(env, val, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Date());
+  return Date(env, value);
+}
+
+inline void Date::CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value) {
+  NAPI_CHECK(value != nullptr, "Date::CheckCast", "empty value");
+
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_is_date(env, value, &result);
+  NAPI_CHECK(status == napi_ok, "Date::CheckCast", "napi_is_date failed");
+  NAPI_CHECK(result, "Date::CheckCast", "value is not date");
+}
+
+inline Date::Date() : Value() {}
+
+inline Date::Date(napi_env env, napi_value value) : Value(env, value) {}
+
+inline Date::operator double() const {
+  return ValueOf();
+}
+
+inline double Date::ValueOf() const {
+  double result;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_date_value(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, 0);
+  return result;
+}
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Name class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+inline void Name::CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value) {
+  NAPI_CHECK(value != nullptr, "Name::CheckCast", "empty value");
+
+  napi_valuetype type;
+  napi_status status = napi_typeof(env, value, &type);
+  NAPI_CHECK(status == napi_ok, "Name::CheckCast", "napi_typeof failed");
+  NAPI_CHECK(type == napi_string || type == napi_symbol,
+             "Name::CheckCast",
+             "value is not napi_string or napi_symbol");
+}
+
+inline Name::Name() : Value() {}
+
+inline Name::Name(napi_env env, napi_value value) : Value(env, value) {}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// String class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline String String::New(napi_env env, const std::string& val) {
+  return String::New(env, val.c_str(), val.size());
+}
+
+inline String String::New(napi_env env, const std::u16string& val) {
+  return String::New(env, val.c_str(), val.size());
+}
+
+inline String String::New(napi_env env, const char* val) {
+  // TODO(@gabrielschulhof) Remove if-statement when core's error handling is
+  // available in all supported versions.
+  if (val == nullptr) {
+    // Throw an error that looks like it came from core.
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, napi_invalid_arg, String());
+  }
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_create_string_utf8(env, val, std::strlen(val), &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, String());
+  return String(env, value);
+}
+
+inline String String::New(napi_env env, const char16_t* val) {
+  napi_value value;
+  // TODO(@gabrielschulhof) Remove if-statement when core's error handling is
+  // available in all supported versions.
+  if (val == nullptr) {
+    // Throw an error that looks like it came from core.
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, napi_invalid_arg, String());
+  }
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_create_string_utf16(env, val, std::u16string(val).size(), &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, String());
+  return String(env, value);
+}
+
+inline String String::New(napi_env env, const char* val, size_t length) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_string_utf8(env, val, length, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, String());
+  return String(env, value);
+}
+
+inline String String::New(napi_env env, const char16_t* val, size_t length) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_string_utf16(env, val, length, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, String());
+  return String(env, value);
+}
+
+inline void String::CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value) {
+  NAPI_CHECK(value != nullptr, "String::CheckCast", "empty value");
+
+  napi_valuetype type;
+  napi_status status = napi_typeof(env, value, &type);
+  NAPI_CHECK(status == napi_ok, "String::CheckCast", "napi_typeof failed");
+  NAPI_CHECK(
+      type == napi_string, "String::CheckCast", "value is not napi_string");
+}
+
+inline String::String() : Name() {}
+
+inline String::String(napi_env env, napi_value value) : Name(env, value) {}
+
+inline String::operator std::string() const {
+  return Utf8Value();
+}
+
+inline String::operator std::u16string() const {
+  return Utf16Value();
+}
+
+inline std::string String::Utf8Value() const {
+  size_t length;
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_get_value_string_utf8(_env, _value, nullptr, 0, &length);
+
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, "");
+
+  std::string value;
+  value.reserve(length + 1);
+  value.resize(length);
+  status = napi_get_value_string_utf8(
+      _env, _value, &value[0], value.capacity(), &length);//cjh add &length
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, "");
+  return value;
+}
+
+inline std::u16string String::Utf16Value() const {
+  size_t length;
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_get_value_string_utf16(_env, _value, nullptr, 0, &length);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, NAPI_WIDE_TEXT(""));
+
+  std::u16string value;
+  value.reserve(length + 1);
+  value.resize(length);
+  status = napi_get_value_string_utf16(
+      _env, _value, &value[0], value.capacity(), &length);//cjh add &length
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, NAPI_WIDE_TEXT(""));
+  return value;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Symbol class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline Symbol Symbol::New(napi_env env, const char* description) {
+  napi_value descriptionValue = description != nullptr
+                                    ? String::New(env, description)
+                                    : static_cast<napi_value>(nullptr);
+  return Symbol::New(env, descriptionValue);
+}
+
+inline Symbol Symbol::New(napi_env env, const std::string& description) {
+  napi_value descriptionValue = String::New(env, description);
+  return Symbol::New(env, descriptionValue);
+}
+
+inline Symbol Symbol::New(napi_env env, String description) {
+  napi_value descriptionValue = description;
+  return Symbol::New(env, descriptionValue);
+}
+
+inline Symbol Symbol::New(napi_env env, napi_value description) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_symbol(env, description, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Symbol());
+  return Symbol(env, value);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Symbol> Symbol::WellKnown(napi_env env,
+                                              const std::string& name) {
+#if defined(NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE)
+  Value symbol_obj;
+  Value symbol_value;
+  if (Napi::Env(env).Global().Get("Symbol").UnwrapTo(&symbol_obj) &&
+      symbol_obj.As<Object>().Get(name).UnwrapTo(&symbol_value)) {
+    return Just<Symbol>(symbol_value.As<Symbol>());
+  }
+  return Nothing<Symbol>();
+#else
+  return Napi::Env(env)
+      .Global()
+      .Get("Symbol")
+      .As<Object>()
+      .Get(name)
+      .As<Symbol>();
+#endif
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Symbol> Symbol::For(napi_env env,
+                                        const std::string& description) {
+  napi_value descriptionValue = String::New(env, description);
+  return Symbol::For(env, descriptionValue);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Symbol> Symbol::For(napi_env env, const char* description) {
+  napi_value descriptionValue = String::New(env, description);
+  return Symbol::For(env, descriptionValue);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Symbol> Symbol::For(napi_env env, String description) {
+  return Symbol::For(env, static_cast<napi_value>(description));
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Symbol> Symbol::For(napi_env env, napi_value description) {
+#if defined(NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE)
+  Value symbol_obj;
+  Value symbol_for_value;
+  Value symbol_value;
+  if (Napi::Env(env).Global().Get("Symbol").UnwrapTo(&symbol_obj) &&
+      symbol_obj.As<Object>().Get("for").UnwrapTo(&symbol_for_value) &&
+      symbol_for_value.As<Function>()
+          .Call(symbol_obj, {description})
+          .UnwrapTo(&symbol_value)) {
+    return Just<Symbol>(symbol_value.As<Symbol>());
+  }
+  return Nothing<Symbol>();
+#else
+  Object symbol_obj = Napi::Env(env).Global().Get("Symbol").As<Object>();
+  return symbol_obj.Get("for")
+      .As<Function>()
+      .Call(symbol_obj, {description})
+      .As<Symbol>();
+#endif
+}
+
+inline void Symbol::CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value) {
+  NAPI_CHECK(value != nullptr, "Symbol::CheckCast", "empty value");
+
+  napi_valuetype type;
+  napi_status status = napi_typeof(env, value, &type);
+  NAPI_CHECK(status == napi_ok, "Symbol::CheckCast", "napi_typeof failed");
+  NAPI_CHECK(
+      type == napi_symbol, "Symbol::CheckCast", "value is not napi_symbol");
+}
+
+inline Symbol::Symbol() : Name() {}
+
+inline Symbol::Symbol(napi_env env, napi_value value) : Name(env, value) {}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Automagic value creation
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+namespace details {
+template <typename T>
+struct vf_number {
+  static Number From(napi_env env, T value) {
+    return Number::New(env, static_cast<double>(value));
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct vf_number<bool> {
+  static Boolean From(napi_env env, bool value) {
+    return Boolean::New(env, value);
+  }
+};
+
+struct vf_utf8_charp {
+  static String From(napi_env env, const char* value) {
+    return String::New(env, value);
+  }
+};
+
+struct vf_utf16_charp {
+  static String From(napi_env env, const char16_t* value) {
+    return String::New(env, value);
+  }
+};
+struct vf_utf8_string {
+  static String From(napi_env env, const std::string& value) {
+    return String::New(env, value);
+  }
+};
+
+struct vf_utf16_string {
+  static String From(napi_env env, const std::u16string& value) {
+    return String::New(env, value);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct vf_fallback {
+  static Value From(napi_env env, const T& value) { return Value(env, value); }
+};
+
+template <typename...>
+struct disjunction : std::false_type {};
+template <typename B>
+struct disjunction<B> : B {};
+template <typename B, typename... Bs>
+struct disjunction<B, Bs...>
+    : std::conditional<bool(B::value), B, disjunction<Bs...>>::type {};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct can_make_string
+    : disjunction<typename std::is_convertible<T, const char*>::type,
+                  typename std::is_convertible<T, const char16_t*>::type,
+                  typename std::is_convertible<T, std::string>::type,
+                  typename std::is_convertible<T, std::u16string>::type> {};
+}  // namespace details
+
+template <typename T>
+Value Value::From(napi_env env, const T& value) {
+  using Helper = typename std::conditional<
+      std::is_integral<T>::value || std::is_floating_point<T>::value,
+      details::vf_number<T>,
+      typename std::conditional<details::can_make_string<T>::value,
+                                String,
+                                details::vf_fallback<T>>::type>::type;
+  return Helper::From(env, value);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+String String::From(napi_env env, const T& value) {
+  struct Dummy {};
+  using Helper = typename std::conditional<
+      std::is_convertible<T, const char*>::value,
+      details::vf_utf8_charp,
+      typename std::conditional<
+          std::is_convertible<T, const char16_t*>::value,
+          details::vf_utf16_charp,
+          typename std::conditional<
+              std::is_convertible<T, std::string>::value,
+              details::vf_utf8_string,
+              typename std::conditional<
+                  std::is_convertible<T, std::u16string>::value,
+                  details::vf_utf16_string,
+                  Dummy>::type>::type>::type>::type;
+  return Helper::From(env, value);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// TypeTaggable class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline TypeTaggable::TypeTaggable() : Value() {}
+
+inline TypeTaggable::TypeTaggable(napi_env _env, napi_value _value)
+    : Value(_env, _value) {}
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION >= 8
+
+inline void TypeTaggable::TypeTag(const napi_type_tag* type_tag) const {
+  napi_status status = napi_type_tag_object(_env, _value, type_tag);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+inline bool TypeTaggable::CheckTypeTag(const napi_type_tag* type_tag) const {
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_check_object_type_tag(_env, _value, type_tag, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return result;
+}
+
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION >= 8
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Object class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename Key>
+inline Object::PropertyLValue<Key>::operator Value() const {
+  MaybeOrValue<Value> val = Object(_env, _object).Get(_key);
+#ifdef NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE
+  return val.Unwrap();
+#else
+  return val;
+#endif
+}
+
+template <typename Key>
+template <typename ValueType>
+inline Object::PropertyLValue<Key>& Object::PropertyLValue<Key>::operator=(
+    ValueType value) {
+#ifdef NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> result =
+#endif
+      Object(_env, _object).Set(_key, value);
+#ifdef NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE
+  result.Unwrap();
+#endif
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template <typename Key>
+inline Object::PropertyLValue<Key>::PropertyLValue(Object object, Key key)
+    : _env(object.Env()), _object(object), _key(key) {}
+
+inline Object Object::New(napi_env env) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_object(env, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Object());
+  return Object(env, value);
+}
+
+inline void Object::CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value) {
+  NAPI_CHECK(value != nullptr, "Object::CheckCast", "empty value");
+
+  napi_valuetype type;
+  napi_status status = napi_typeof(env, value, &type);
+  NAPI_CHECK(status == napi_ok, "Object::CheckCast", "napi_typeof failed");
+  NAPI_CHECK(
+      type == napi_object, "Object::CheckCast", "value is not napi_object");
+}
+
+inline Object::Object() : TypeTaggable() {}
+
+inline Object::Object(napi_env env, napi_value value)
+    : TypeTaggable(env, value) {}
+
+inline Object::PropertyLValue<std::string> Object::operator[](
+    const char* utf8name) {
+  return PropertyLValue<std::string>(*this, utf8name);
+}
+
+inline Object::PropertyLValue<std::string> Object::operator[](
+    const std::string& utf8name) {
+  return PropertyLValue<std::string>(*this, utf8name);
+}
+
+inline Object::PropertyLValue<uint32_t> Object::operator[](uint32_t index) {
+  return PropertyLValue<uint32_t>(*this, index);
+}
+
+inline Object::PropertyLValue<Value> Object::operator[](Value index) const {
+  return PropertyLValue<Value>(*this, index);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Value> Object::operator[](const char* utf8name) const {
+  return Get(utf8name);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Value> Object::operator[](
+    const std::string& utf8name) const {
+  return Get(utf8name);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Value> Object::operator[](uint32_t index) const {
+  return Get(index);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> Object::Has(napi_value key) const {
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_has_property(_env, _value, key, &result);
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, result, bool);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> Object::Has(Value key) const {
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_has_property(_env, _value, key, &result);
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, result, bool);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> Object::Has(const char* utf8name) const {
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_has_named_property(_env, _value, utf8name, &result);
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, result, bool);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> Object::Has(const std::string& utf8name) const {
+  return Has(utf8name.c_str());
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> Object::HasOwnProperty(napi_value key) const {
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_has_own_property(_env, _value, key, &result);
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, result, bool);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> Object::HasOwnProperty(Value key) const {
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_has_own_property(_env, _value, key, &result);
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, result, bool);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> Object::HasOwnProperty(const char* utf8name) const {
+  napi_value key;
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_create_string_utf8(_env, utf8name, std::strlen(utf8name), &key);
+  NAPI_MAYBE_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, bool);
+  return HasOwnProperty(key);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> Object::HasOwnProperty(
+    const std::string& utf8name) const {
+  return HasOwnProperty(utf8name.c_str());
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Value> Object::Get(napi_value key) const {
+  napi_value result;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_property(_env, _value, key, &result);
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, Value(_env, result), Value);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Value> Object::Get(Value key) const {
+  napi_value result;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_property(_env, _value, key, &result);
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, Value(_env, result), Value);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Value> Object::Get(const char* utf8name) const {
+  napi_value result;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_named_property(_env, _value, utf8name, &result);
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, Value(_env, result), Value);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Value> Object::Get(const std::string& utf8name) const {
+  return Get(utf8name.c_str());
+}
+
+template <typename ValueType>
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> Object::Set(napi_value key,
+                                      const ValueType& value) const {
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_set_property(_env, _value, key, Value::From(_env, value));
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, status == napi_ok, bool);
+}
+
+template <typename ValueType>
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> Object::Set(Value key, const ValueType& value) const {
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_set_property(_env, _value, key, Value::From(_env, value));
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, status == napi_ok, bool);
+}
+
+template <typename ValueType>
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> Object::Set(const char* utf8name,
+                                      const ValueType& value) const {
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_set_named_property(_env, _value, utf8name, Value::From(_env, value));
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, status == napi_ok, bool);
+}
+
+template <typename ValueType>
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> Object::Set(const std::string& utf8name,
+                                      const ValueType& value) const {
+  return Set(utf8name.c_str(), value);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> Object::Delete(napi_value key) const {
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_delete_property(_env, _value, key, &result);
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, result, bool);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> Object::Delete(Value key) const {
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_delete_property(_env, _value, key, &result);
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, result, bool);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> Object::Delete(const char* utf8name) const {
+  return Delete(String::New(_env, utf8name));
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> Object::Delete(const std::string& utf8name) const {
+  return Delete(String::New(_env, utf8name));
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> Object::Has(uint32_t index) const {
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_has_element(_env, _value, index, &result);
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, result, bool);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Value> Object::Get(uint32_t index) const {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_element(_env, _value, index, &value);
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, Value(_env, value), Value);
+}
+
+template <typename ValueType>
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> Object::Set(uint32_t index,
+                                      const ValueType& value) const {
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_set_element(_env, _value, index, Value::From(_env, value));
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, status == napi_ok, bool);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> Object::Delete(uint32_t index) const {
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_delete_element(_env, _value, index, &result);
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, result, bool);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Array> Object::GetPropertyNames() const {
+  napi_value result;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_property_names(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, Array(_env, result), Array);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> Object::DefineProperty(
+    const PropertyDescriptor& property) const {
+  napi_status status = napi_define_properties(
+      _env,
+      _value,
+      1,
+      reinterpret_cast<const napi_property_descriptor*>(&property));
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, status == napi_ok, bool);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> Object::DefineProperties(
+    const std::initializer_list<PropertyDescriptor>& properties) const {
+  napi_status status = napi_define_properties(
+      _env,
+      _value,
+      properties.size(),
+      reinterpret_cast<const napi_property_descriptor*>(properties.begin()));
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, status == napi_ok, bool);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> Object::DefineProperties(
+    const std::vector<PropertyDescriptor>& properties) const {
+  napi_status status = napi_define_properties(
+      _env,
+      _value,
+      properties.size(),
+      reinterpret_cast<const napi_property_descriptor*>(properties.data()));
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, status == napi_ok, bool);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> Object::InstanceOf(
+    const Function& constructor) const {
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_instanceof(_env, _value, constructor, &result);
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, result, bool);
+}
+
+template <typename Finalizer, typename T>
+inline void Object::AddFinalizer(Finalizer finalizeCallback, T* data) const {
+  details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer>* finalizeData =
+      new details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer>(
+          {std::move(finalizeCallback), nullptr});
+  napi_status status =
+      details::AttachData(_env,
+                          *this,
+                          data,
+                          details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer>::Wrapper,
+                          finalizeData);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete finalizeData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Finalizer, typename T, typename Hint>
+inline void Object::AddFinalizer(Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                 T* data,
+                                 Hint* finalizeHint) const {
+  details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer, Hint>* finalizeData =
+      new details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer, Hint>(
+          {std::move(finalizeCallback), finalizeHint});
+  napi_status status = details::AttachData(
+      _env,
+      *this,
+      data,
+      details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer, Hint>::WrapperWithHint,
+      finalizeData);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete finalizeData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+  }
+}
+
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+inline Object::const_iterator::const_iterator(const Object* object,
+                                              const Type type) {
+  _object = object;
+  _keys = object->GetPropertyNames();
+  _index = type == Type::BEGIN ? 0 : _keys.Length();
+}
+
+inline Object::const_iterator Napi::Object::begin() const {
+  const_iterator it(this, Object::const_iterator::Type::BEGIN);
+  return it;
+}
+
+inline Object::const_iterator Napi::Object::end() const {
+  const_iterator it(this, Object::const_iterator::Type::END);
+  return it;
+}
+
+inline Object::const_iterator& Object::const_iterator::operator++() {
+  ++_index;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline bool Object::const_iterator::operator==(
+    const const_iterator& other) const {
+  return _index == other._index;
+}
+
+inline bool Object::const_iterator::operator!=(
+    const const_iterator& other) const {
+  return _index != other._index;
+}
+
+inline const std::pair<Value, Object::PropertyLValue<Value>>
+Object::const_iterator::operator*() const {
+  const Value key = _keys[_index];
+  const PropertyLValue<Value> value = (*_object)[key];
+  return {key, value};
+}
+
+inline Object::iterator::iterator(Object* object, const Type type) {
+  _object = object;
+  _keys = object->GetPropertyNames();
+  _index = type == Type::BEGIN ? 0 : _keys.Length();
+}
+
+inline Object::iterator Napi::Object::begin() {
+  iterator it(this, Object::iterator::Type::BEGIN);
+  return it;
+}
+
+inline Object::iterator Napi::Object::end() {
+  iterator it(this, Object::iterator::Type::END);
+  return it;
+}
+
+inline Object::iterator& Object::iterator::operator++() {
+  ++_index;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline bool Object::iterator::operator==(const iterator& other) const {
+  return _index == other._index;
+}
+
+inline bool Object::iterator::operator!=(const iterator& other) const {
+  return _index != other._index;
+}
+
+inline std::pair<Value, Object::PropertyLValue<Value>>
+Object::iterator::operator*() {
+  Value key = _keys[_index];
+  PropertyLValue<Value> value = (*_object)[key];
+  return {key, value};
+}
+#endif  // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION >= 8
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> Object::Freeze() const {
+  napi_status status = napi_object_freeze(_env, _value);
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, status == napi_ok, bool);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> Object::Seal() const {
+  napi_status status = napi_object_seal(_env, _value);
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, status == napi_ok, bool);
+}
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION >= 8
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// External class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+inline External<T> External<T>::New(napi_env env, T* data) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_create_external(env, data, nullptr, nullptr, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, External());
+  return External(env, value);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename Finalizer>
+inline External<T> External<T>::New(napi_env env,
+                                    T* data,
+                                    Finalizer finalizeCallback) {
+  napi_value value;
+  details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer>* finalizeData =
+      new details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer>(
+          {std::move(finalizeCallback), nullptr});
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_create_external(env,
+                           data,
+                           details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer>::Wrapper,
+                           finalizeData,
+                           &value);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete finalizeData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, External());
+  }
+  return External(env, value);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename Finalizer, typename Hint>
+inline External<T> External<T>::New(napi_env env,
+                                    T* data,
+                                    Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                    Hint* finalizeHint) {
+  napi_value value;
+  details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer, Hint>* finalizeData =
+      new details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer, Hint>(
+          {std::move(finalizeCallback), finalizeHint});
+  napi_status status = napi_create_external(
+      env,
+      data,
+      details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer, Hint>::WrapperWithHint,
+      finalizeData,
+      &value);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete finalizeData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, External());
+  }
+  return External(env, value);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline void External<T>::CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value) {
+  NAPI_CHECK(value != nullptr, "External::CheckCast", "empty value");
+
+  napi_valuetype type;
+  napi_status status = napi_typeof(env, value, &type);
+  NAPI_CHECK(status == napi_ok, "External::CheckCast", "napi_typeof failed");
+  NAPI_CHECK(type == napi_external,
+             "External::CheckCast",
+             "value is not napi_external");
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline External<T>::External() : TypeTaggable() {}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline External<T>::External(napi_env env, napi_value value)
+    : TypeTaggable(env, value) {}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T* External<T>::Data() const {
+  void* data;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_value_external(_env, _value, &data);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, nullptr);
+  return reinterpret_cast<T*>(data);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Array class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline Array Array::New(napi_env env) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_array(env, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Array());
+  return Array(env, value);
+}
+
+inline Array Array::New(napi_env env, size_t length) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_array_with_length(env, length, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Array());
+  return Array(env, value);
+}
+
+inline void Array::CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value) {
+  NAPI_CHECK(value != nullptr, "Array::CheckCast", "empty value");
+
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_is_array(env, value, &result);
+  NAPI_CHECK(status == napi_ok, "Array::CheckCast", "napi_is_array failed");
+  NAPI_CHECK(result, "Array::CheckCast", "value is not array");
+}
+
+inline Array::Array() : Object() {}
+
+inline Array::Array(napi_env env, napi_value value) : Object(env, value) {}
+
+inline uint32_t Array::Length() const {
+  uint32_t result;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_array_length(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, 0);
+  return result;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ArrayBuffer class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline ArrayBuffer ArrayBuffer::New(napi_env env, size_t byteLength) {
+  napi_value value;
+  void* data;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_arraybuffer(env, byteLength, &data, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, ArrayBuffer());
+
+  return ArrayBuffer(env, value);
+}
+
+#ifndef NODE_API_NO_EXTERNAL_BUFFERS_ALLOWED
+inline ArrayBuffer ArrayBuffer::New(napi_env env,
+                                    void* externalData,
+                                    size_t byteLength) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_external_arraybuffer(
+      env, externalData, byteLength, nullptr, nullptr, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, ArrayBuffer());
+
+  return ArrayBuffer(env, value);
+}
+
+template <typename Finalizer>
+inline ArrayBuffer ArrayBuffer::New(napi_env env,
+                                    void* externalData,
+                                    size_t byteLength,
+                                    Finalizer finalizeCallback) {
+  napi_value value;
+  details::FinalizeData<void, Finalizer>* finalizeData =
+      new details::FinalizeData<void, Finalizer>(
+          {std::move(finalizeCallback), nullptr});
+  napi_status status = napi_create_external_arraybuffer(
+      env,
+      externalData,
+      byteLength,
+      details::FinalizeData<void, Finalizer>::Wrapper,
+      finalizeData,
+      &value);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete finalizeData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, ArrayBuffer());
+  }
+
+  return ArrayBuffer(env, value);
+}
+
+template <typename Finalizer, typename Hint>
+inline ArrayBuffer ArrayBuffer::New(napi_env env,
+                                    void* externalData,
+                                    size_t byteLength,
+                                    Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                    Hint* finalizeHint) {
+  napi_value value;
+  details::FinalizeData<void, Finalizer, Hint>* finalizeData =
+      new details::FinalizeData<void, Finalizer, Hint>(
+          {std::move(finalizeCallback), finalizeHint});
+  napi_status status = napi_create_external_arraybuffer(
+      env,
+      externalData,
+      byteLength,
+      details::FinalizeData<void, Finalizer, Hint>::WrapperWithHint,
+      finalizeData,
+      &value);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete finalizeData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, ArrayBuffer());
+  }
+
+  return ArrayBuffer(env, value);
+}
+#endif  // NODE_API_NO_EXTERNAL_BUFFERS_ALLOWED
+
+inline void ArrayBuffer::CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value) {
+  NAPI_CHECK(value != nullptr, "ArrayBuffer::CheckCast", "empty value");
+
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_is_arraybuffer(env, value, &result);
+  NAPI_CHECK(status == napi_ok,
+             "ArrayBuffer::CheckCast",
+             "napi_is_arraybuffer failed");
+  NAPI_CHECK(result, "ArrayBuffer::CheckCast", "value is not arraybuffer");
+}
+
+inline ArrayBuffer::ArrayBuffer() : Object() {}
+
+inline ArrayBuffer::ArrayBuffer(napi_env env, napi_value value)
+    : Object(env, value) {}
+
+inline void* ArrayBuffer::Data() {
+  void* data;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_arraybuffer_info(_env, _value, &data, nullptr);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, nullptr);
+  return data;
+}
+
+inline size_t ArrayBuffer::ByteLength() {
+  size_t length;
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_get_arraybuffer_info(_env, _value, nullptr, &length);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, 0);
+  return length;
+}
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION >= 7
+inline bool ArrayBuffer::IsDetached() const {
+  bool detached;
+  napi_status status = napi_is_detached_arraybuffer(_env, _value, &detached);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return detached;
+}
+
+inline void ArrayBuffer::Detach() {
+  napi_status status = napi_detach_arraybuffer(_env, _value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION >= 7
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// DataView class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+inline DataView DataView::New(napi_env env, Napi::ArrayBuffer arrayBuffer) {
+  return New(env, arrayBuffer, 0, arrayBuffer.ByteLength());
+}
+
+inline DataView DataView::New(napi_env env,
+                              Napi::ArrayBuffer arrayBuffer,
+                              size_t byteOffset) {
+  if (byteOffset > arrayBuffer.ByteLength()) {
+    NAPI_THROW(RangeError::New(
+                   env, "Start offset is outside the bounds of the buffer"),
+               DataView());
+  }
+  return New(
+      env, arrayBuffer, byteOffset, arrayBuffer.ByteLength() - byteOffset);
+}
+
+inline DataView DataView::New(napi_env env,
+                              Napi::ArrayBuffer arrayBuffer,
+                              size_t byteOffset,
+                              size_t byteLength) {
+  if (byteOffset + byteLength > arrayBuffer.ByteLength()) {
+    NAPI_THROW(RangeError::New(env, "Invalid DataView length"), DataView());
+  }
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_create_dataview(env, byteLength, arrayBuffer, byteOffset, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, DataView());
+  return DataView(env, value);
+}
+
+inline void DataView::CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value) {
+  NAPI_CHECK(value != nullptr, "DataView::CheckCast", "empty value");
+
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_is_dataview(env, value, &result);
+  NAPI_CHECK(
+      status == napi_ok, "DataView::CheckCast", "napi_is_dataview failed");
+  NAPI_CHECK(result, "DataView::CheckCast", "value is not dataview");
+}
+
+inline DataView::DataView() : Object() {}
+
+inline DataView::DataView(napi_env env, napi_value value) : Object(env, value) {
+  napi_status status = napi_get_dataview_info(_env,
+                                              _value /* dataView */,
+                                              &_length /* byteLength */,
+                                              &_data /* data */,
+                                              nullptr /* arrayBuffer */,
+                                              nullptr /* byteOffset */);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+inline Napi::ArrayBuffer DataView::ArrayBuffer() const {
+  napi_value arrayBuffer;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_dataview_info(_env,
+                                              _value /* dataView */,
+                                              nullptr /* byteLength */,
+                                              nullptr /* data */,
+                                              &arrayBuffer /* arrayBuffer */,
+                                              nullptr /* byteOffset */);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, Napi::ArrayBuffer());
+  return Napi::ArrayBuffer(_env, arrayBuffer);
+}
+
+inline size_t DataView::ByteOffset() const {
+  size_t byteOffset;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_dataview_info(_env,
+                                              _value /* dataView */,
+                                              nullptr /* byteLength */,
+                                              nullptr /* data */,
+                                              nullptr /* arrayBuffer */,
+                                              &byteOffset /* byteOffset */);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, 0);
+  return byteOffset;
+}
+
+inline size_t DataView::ByteLength() const {
+  return _length;
+}
+
+inline void* DataView::Data() const {
+  return _data;
+}
+
+inline float DataView::GetFloat32(size_t byteOffset) const {
+  return ReadData<float>(byteOffset);
+}
+
+inline double DataView::GetFloat64(size_t byteOffset) const {
+  return ReadData<double>(byteOffset);
+}
+
+inline int8_t DataView::GetInt8(size_t byteOffset) const {
+  return ReadData<int8_t>(byteOffset);
+}
+
+inline int16_t DataView::GetInt16(size_t byteOffset) const {
+  return ReadData<int16_t>(byteOffset);
+}
+
+inline int32_t DataView::GetInt32(size_t byteOffset) const {
+  return ReadData<int32_t>(byteOffset);
+}
+
+inline uint8_t DataView::GetUint8(size_t byteOffset) const {
+  return ReadData<uint8_t>(byteOffset);
+}
+
+inline uint16_t DataView::GetUint16(size_t byteOffset) const {
+  return ReadData<uint16_t>(byteOffset);
+}
+
+inline uint32_t DataView::GetUint32(size_t byteOffset) const {
+  return ReadData<uint32_t>(byteOffset);
+}
+
+inline void DataView::SetFloat32(size_t byteOffset, float value) const {
+  WriteData<float>(byteOffset, value);
+}
+
+inline void DataView::SetFloat64(size_t byteOffset, double value) const {
+  WriteData<double>(byteOffset, value);
+}
+
+inline void DataView::SetInt8(size_t byteOffset, int8_t value) const {
+  WriteData<int8_t>(byteOffset, value);
+}
+
+inline void DataView::SetInt16(size_t byteOffset, int16_t value) const {
+  WriteData<int16_t>(byteOffset, value);
+}
+
+inline void DataView::SetInt32(size_t byteOffset, int32_t value) const {
+  WriteData<int32_t>(byteOffset, value);
+}
+
+inline void DataView::SetUint8(size_t byteOffset, uint8_t value) const {
+  WriteData<uint8_t>(byteOffset, value);
+}
+
+inline void DataView::SetUint16(size_t byteOffset, uint16_t value) const {
+  WriteData<uint16_t>(byteOffset, value);
+}
+
+inline void DataView::SetUint32(size_t byteOffset, uint32_t value) const {
+  WriteData<uint32_t>(byteOffset, value);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T DataView::ReadData(size_t byteOffset) const {
+  if (byteOffset + sizeof(T) > _length ||
+      byteOffset + sizeof(T) < byteOffset) {  // overflow
+    NAPI_THROW(
+        RangeError::New(_env, "Offset is outside the bounds of the DataView"),
+        0);
+  }
+
+  return *reinterpret_cast<T*>(static_cast<uint8_t*>(_data) + byteOffset);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline void DataView::WriteData(size_t byteOffset, T value) const {
+  if (byteOffset + sizeof(T) > _length ||
+      byteOffset + sizeof(T) < byteOffset) {  // overflow
+    NAPI_THROW_VOID(
+        RangeError::New(_env, "Offset is outside the bounds of the DataView"));
+  }
+
+  *reinterpret_cast<T*>(static_cast<uint8_t*>(_data) + byteOffset) = value;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// TypedArray class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+inline void TypedArray::CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value) {
+  NAPI_CHECK(value != nullptr, "TypedArray::CheckCast", "empty value");
+
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_is_typedarray(env, value, &result);
+  NAPI_CHECK(
+      status == napi_ok, "TypedArray::CheckCast", "napi_is_typedarray failed");
+  NAPI_CHECK(result, "TypedArray::CheckCast", "value is not typedarray");
+}
+
+inline TypedArray::TypedArray()
+    : Object(), _type(napi_typedarray_type::napi_int8_array), _length(0) {}
+
+inline TypedArray::TypedArray(napi_env env, napi_value value)
+    : Object(env, value),
+      _type(napi_typedarray_type::napi_int8_array),
+      _length(0) {
+  if (value != nullptr) {
+    napi_status status =
+        napi_get_typedarray_info(_env,
+                                 _value,
+                                 &const_cast<TypedArray*>(this)->_type,
+                                 &const_cast<TypedArray*>(this)->_length,
+                                 nullptr,
+                                 nullptr,
+                                 nullptr);
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+  }
+}
+
+inline TypedArray::TypedArray(napi_env env,
+                              napi_value value,
+                              napi_typedarray_type type,
+                              size_t length)
+    : Object(env, value), _type(type), _length(length) {}
+
+inline napi_typedarray_type TypedArray::TypedArrayType() const {
+  return _type;
+}
+
+inline uint8_t TypedArray::ElementSize() const {
+  switch (_type) {
+    case napi_int8_array:
+    case napi_uint8_array:
+    case napi_uint8_clamped_array:
+      return 1;
+    case napi_int16_array:
+    case napi_uint16_array:
+      return 2;
+    case napi_int32_array:
+    case napi_uint32_array:
+    case napi_float32_array:
+      return 4;
+    case napi_float64_array:
+#if (NAPI_VERSION > 5)
+    case napi_bigint64_array:
+    case napi_biguint64_array:
+#endif  // (NAPI_VERSION > 5)
+      return 8;
+    default:
+      return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+inline size_t TypedArray::ElementLength() const {
+  return _length;
+}
+
+inline size_t TypedArray::ByteOffset() const {
+  size_t byteOffset;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_typedarray_info(
+      _env, _value, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, &byteOffset);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, 0);
+  return byteOffset;
+}
+
+inline size_t TypedArray::ByteLength() const {
+  return ElementSize() * ElementLength();
+}
+
+inline Napi::ArrayBuffer TypedArray::ArrayBuffer() const {
+  napi_value arrayBuffer;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_typedarray_info(
+      _env, _value, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, &arrayBuffer, nullptr);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, Napi::ArrayBuffer());
+  return Napi::ArrayBuffer(_env, arrayBuffer);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// TypedArrayOf<T> class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+template <typename T>
+inline void TypedArrayOf<T>::CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value) {
+  TypedArray::CheckCast(env, value);
+  napi_typedarray_type type;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_typedarray_info(
+      env, value, &type, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
+  NAPI_CHECK(status == napi_ok,
+             "TypedArrayOf::CheckCast",
+             "napi_is_typedarray failed");
+
+  NAPI_CHECK(
+      (type == TypedArrayTypeForPrimitiveType<T>() ||
+       (type == napi_uint8_clamped_array && std::is_same<T, uint8_t>::value)),
+      "TypedArrayOf::CheckCast",
+      "Array type must match the template parameter. (Uint8 arrays may "
+      "optionally have the \"clamped\" array type.)");
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline TypedArrayOf<T> TypedArrayOf<T>::New(napi_env env,
+                                            size_t elementLength,
+                                            napi_typedarray_type type) {
+  Napi::ArrayBuffer arrayBuffer =
+      Napi::ArrayBuffer::New(env, elementLength * sizeof(T));
+  return New(env, elementLength, arrayBuffer, 0, type);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline TypedArrayOf<T> TypedArrayOf<T>::New(napi_env env,
+                                            size_t elementLength,
+                                            Napi::ArrayBuffer arrayBuffer,
+                                            size_t bufferOffset,
+                                            napi_typedarray_type type) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_typedarray(
+      env, type, elementLength, arrayBuffer, bufferOffset, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, TypedArrayOf<T>());
+
+  return TypedArrayOf<T>(
+      env,
+      value,
+      type,
+      elementLength,
+      reinterpret_cast<T*>(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(arrayBuffer.Data()) +
+                           bufferOffset));
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline TypedArrayOf<T>::TypedArrayOf() : TypedArray(), _data(nullptr) {}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline TypedArrayOf<T>::TypedArrayOf(napi_env env, napi_value value)
+    : TypedArray(env, value), _data(nullptr) {
+  napi_status status = napi_ok;
+  if (value != nullptr) {
+    void* data = nullptr;
+    status = napi_get_typedarray_info(
+        _env, _value, &_type, &_length, &data, nullptr, nullptr);
+    _data = static_cast<T*>(data);
+  } else {
+    _type = TypedArrayTypeForPrimitiveType<T>();
+    _length = 0;
+  }
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline TypedArrayOf<T>::TypedArrayOf(napi_env env,
+                                     napi_value value,
+                                     napi_typedarray_type type,
+                                     size_t length,
+                                     T* data)
+    : TypedArray(env, value, type, length), _data(data) {
+  if (!(type == TypedArrayTypeForPrimitiveType<T>() ||
+        (type == napi_uint8_clamped_array &&
+         std::is_same<T, uint8_t>::value))) {
+    NAPI_THROW_VOID(TypeError::New(
+        env,
+        "Array type must match the template parameter. "
+        "(Uint8 arrays may optionally have the \"clamped\" array type.)"));
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T& TypedArrayOf<T>::operator[](size_t index) {
+  return _data[index];
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline const T& TypedArrayOf<T>::operator[](size_t index) const {
+  return _data[index];
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T* TypedArrayOf<T>::Data() {
+  return _data;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline const T* TypedArrayOf<T>::Data() const {
+  return _data;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Function class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename CbData>
+inline napi_status CreateFunction(napi_env env,
+                                  const char* utf8name,
+                                  napi_callback cb,
+                                  CbData* data,
+                                  napi_value* result) {
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_create_function(env, utf8name, NAPI_AUTO_LENGTH, cb, data, result);
+  if (status == napi_ok) {
+    status = Napi::details::AttachData(env, *result, data);
+  }
+
+  return status;
+}
+
+template <Function::VoidCallback cb>
+inline Function Function::New(napi_env env, const char* utf8name, void* data) {
+  napi_value result = nullptr;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_function(env,
+                                            utf8name,
+                                            NAPI_AUTO_LENGTH,
+                                            details::TemplatedVoidCallback<cb>,
+                                            data,
+                                            &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Function());
+  return Function(env, result);
+}
+
+template <Function::Callback cb>
+inline Function Function::New(napi_env env, const char* utf8name, void* data) {
+  napi_value result = nullptr;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_function(env,
+                                            utf8name,
+                                            NAPI_AUTO_LENGTH,
+                                            details::TemplatedCallback<cb>,
+                                            data,
+                                            &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Function());
+  return Function(env, result);
+}
+
+template <Function::VoidCallback cb>
+inline Function Function::New(napi_env env,
+                              const std::string& utf8name,
+                              void* data) {
+  return Function::New<cb>(env, utf8name.c_str(), data);
+}
+
+template <Function::Callback cb>
+inline Function Function::New(napi_env env,
+                              const std::string& utf8name,
+                              void* data) {
+  return Function::New<cb>(env, utf8name.c_str(), data);
+}
+
+template <typename Callable>
+inline Function Function::New(napi_env env,
+                              Callable cb,
+                              const char* utf8name,
+                              void* data) {
+  using ReturnType = decltype(cb(CallbackInfo(nullptr, nullptr)));
+  using CbData = details::CallbackData<Callable, ReturnType>;
+  CbData* callbackData = new CbData{std::move(cb), data};
+
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status =
+      CreateFunction(env, utf8name, CbData::Wrapper, callbackData, &value);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete callbackData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Function());
+  }
+
+  return Function(env, value);
+}
+
+template <typename Callable>
+inline Function Function::New(napi_env env,
+                              Callable cb,
+                              const std::string& utf8name,
+                              void* data) {
+  return New(env, cb, utf8name.c_str(), data);
+}
+
+inline void Function::CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value) {
+  NAPI_CHECK(value != nullptr, "Function::CheckCast", "empty value");
+
+  napi_valuetype type;
+  napi_status status = napi_typeof(env, value, &type);
+  NAPI_CHECK(status == napi_ok, "Function::CheckCast", "napi_typeof failed");
+  NAPI_CHECK(type == napi_function,
+             "Function::CheckCast",
+             "value is not napi_function");
+}
+
+inline Function::Function() : Object() {}
+
+inline Function::Function(napi_env env, napi_value value)
+    : Object(env, value) {}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Value> Function::operator()(
+    const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const {
+  return Call(Env().Undefined(), args);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Value> Function::Call(
+    const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const {
+  return Call(Env().Undefined(), args);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Value> Function::Call(
+    const std::vector<napi_value>& args) const {
+  return Call(Env().Undefined(), args);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Value> Function::Call(
+    const std::vector<Value>& args) const {
+  return Call(Env().Undefined(), args);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Value> Function::Call(size_t argc,
+                                          const napi_value* args) const {
+  return Call(Env().Undefined(), argc, args);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Value> Function::Call(
+    napi_value recv, const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const {
+  return Call(recv, args.size(), args.begin());
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Value> Function::Call(
+    napi_value recv, const std::vector<napi_value>& args) const {
+  return Call(recv, args.size(), args.data());
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Value> Function::Call(
+    napi_value recv, const std::vector<Value>& args) const {
+  const size_t argc = args.size();
+  const size_t stackArgsCount = 6;
+  napi_value stackArgs[stackArgsCount];
+  std::vector<napi_value> heapArgs;
+  napi_value* argv;
+  if (argc <= stackArgsCount) {
+    argv = stackArgs;
+  } else {
+    heapArgs.resize(argc);
+    argv = heapArgs.data();
+  }
+
+  for (size_t index = 0; index < argc; index++) {
+    argv[index] = static_cast<napi_value>(args[index]);
+  }
+
+  return Call(recv, argc, argv);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Value> Function::Call(napi_value recv,
+                                          size_t argc,
+                                          const napi_value* args) const {
+  napi_value result;
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_call_function(_env, recv, _value, argc, args, &result);
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(
+      _env, status, Napi::Value(_env, result), Napi::Value);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Value> Function::MakeCallback(
+    napi_value recv,
+    const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args,
+    napi_async_context context) const {
+  return MakeCallback(recv, args.size(), args.begin(), context);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Value> Function::MakeCallback(
+    napi_value recv,
+    const std::vector<napi_value>& args,
+    napi_async_context context) const {
+  return MakeCallback(recv, args.size(), args.data(), context);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Value> Function::MakeCallback(
+    napi_value recv,
+    size_t argc,
+    const napi_value* args,
+    napi_async_context context) const {
+  napi_value result;
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_make_callback(_env, context, recv, _value, argc, args, &result);
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(
+      _env, status, Napi::Value(_env, result), Napi::Value);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Object> Function::New(
+    const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const {
+  return New(args.size(), args.begin());
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Object> Function::New(
+    const std::vector<napi_value>& args) const {
+  return New(args.size(), args.data());
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Object> Function::New(size_t argc,
+                                          const napi_value* args) const {
+  napi_value result;
+  napi_status status = napi_new_instance(_env, _value, argc, args, &result);
+  NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(
+      _env, status, Napi::Object(_env, result), Napi::Object);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Promise class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline Promise::Deferred Promise::Deferred::New(napi_env env) {
+  return Promise::Deferred(env);
+}
+
+inline Promise::Deferred::Deferred(napi_env env) : _env(env) {
+  napi_status status = napi_create_promise(_env, &_deferred, &_promise);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+inline Promise Promise::Deferred::Promise() const {
+  return Napi::Promise(_env, _promise);
+}
+
+inline Napi::Env Promise::Deferred::Env() const {
+  return Napi::Env(_env);
+}
+
+inline void Promise::Deferred::Resolve(napi_value value) const {
+  napi_status status = napi_resolve_deferred(_env, _deferred, value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+inline void Promise::Deferred::Reject(napi_value value) const {
+  napi_status status = napi_reject_deferred(_env, _deferred, value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+inline void Promise::CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value) {
+  NAPI_CHECK(value != nullptr, "Promise::CheckCast", "empty value");
+
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_is_promise(env, value, &result);
+  NAPI_CHECK(status == napi_ok, "Promise::CheckCast", "napi_is_promise failed");
+  NAPI_CHECK(result, "Promise::CheckCast", "value is not promise");
+}
+
+inline Promise::Promise(napi_env env, napi_value value) : Object(env, value) {}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Buffer<T> class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Buffer<T> Buffer<T>::New(napi_env env, size_t length) {
+  napi_value value;
+  void* data;
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_create_buffer(env, length * sizeof(T), &data, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Buffer<T>());
+  return Buffer(env, value, length, static_cast<T*>(data));
+}
+
+#ifndef NODE_API_NO_EXTERNAL_BUFFERS_ALLOWED
+template <typename T>
+inline Buffer<T> Buffer<T>::New(napi_env env, T* data, size_t length) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_external_buffer(
+      env, length * sizeof(T), data, nullptr, nullptr, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Buffer<T>());
+  return Buffer(env, value, length, data);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename Finalizer>
+inline Buffer<T> Buffer<T>::New(napi_env env,
+                                T* data,
+                                size_t length,
+                                Finalizer finalizeCallback) {
+  napi_value value;
+  details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer>* finalizeData =
+      new details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer>(
+          {std::move(finalizeCallback), nullptr});
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_create_external_buffer(env,
+                                  length * sizeof(T),
+                                  data,
+                                  details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer>::Wrapper,
+                                  finalizeData,
+                                  &value);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete finalizeData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Buffer());
+  }
+  return Buffer(env, value, length, data);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename Finalizer, typename Hint>
+inline Buffer<T> Buffer<T>::New(napi_env env,
+                                T* data,
+                                size_t length,
+                                Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                Hint* finalizeHint) {
+  napi_value value;
+  details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer, Hint>* finalizeData =
+      new details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer, Hint>(
+          {std::move(finalizeCallback), finalizeHint});
+  napi_status status = napi_create_external_buffer(
+      env,
+      length * sizeof(T),
+      data,
+      details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer, Hint>::WrapperWithHint,
+      finalizeData,
+      &value);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete finalizeData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Buffer());
+  }
+  return Buffer(env, value, length, data);
+}
+#endif  // NODE_API_NO_EXTERNAL_BUFFERS_ALLOWED
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Buffer<T> Buffer<T>::NewOrCopy(napi_env env, T* data, size_t length) {
+#ifndef NODE_API_NO_EXTERNAL_BUFFERS_ALLOWED
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_external_buffer(
+      env, length * sizeof(T), data, nullptr, nullptr, &value);
+  if (status == details::napi_no_external_buffers_allowed) {
+#endif  // NODE_API_NO_EXTERNAL_BUFFERS_ALLOWED
+    // If we can't create an external buffer, we'll just copy the data.
+    return Buffer<T>::Copy(env, data, length);
+#ifndef NODE_API_NO_EXTERNAL_BUFFERS_ALLOWED
+  }
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Buffer<T>());
+  return Buffer(env, value, length, data);
+#endif  // NODE_API_NO_EXTERNAL_BUFFERS_ALLOWED
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename Finalizer>
+inline Buffer<T> Buffer<T>::NewOrCopy(napi_env env,
+                                      T* data,
+                                      size_t length,
+                                      Finalizer finalizeCallback) {
+  details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer>* finalizeData =
+      new details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer>(
+          {std::move(finalizeCallback), nullptr});
+#ifndef NODE_API_NO_EXTERNAL_BUFFERS_ALLOWED
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_create_external_buffer(env,
+                                  length * sizeof(T),
+                                  data,
+                                  details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer>::Wrapper,
+                                  finalizeData,
+                                  &value);
+  if (status == details::napi_no_external_buffers_allowed) {
+#endif  // NODE_API_NO_EXTERNAL_BUFFERS_ALLOWED
+    // If we can't create an external buffer, we'll just copy the data.
+    Buffer<T> ret = Buffer<T>::Copy(env, data, length);
+    details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer>::Wrapper(env, data, finalizeData);
+    return ret;
+#ifndef NODE_API_NO_EXTERNAL_BUFFERS_ALLOWED
+  }
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete finalizeData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Buffer());
+  }
+  return Buffer(env, value, length, data);
+#endif  // NODE_API_NO_EXTERNAL_BUFFERS_ALLOWED
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename Finalizer, typename Hint>
+inline Buffer<T> Buffer<T>::NewOrCopy(napi_env env,
+                                      T* data,
+                                      size_t length,
+                                      Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                      Hint* finalizeHint) {
+  details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer, Hint>* finalizeData =
+      new details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer, Hint>(
+          {std::move(finalizeCallback), finalizeHint});
+#ifndef NODE_API_NO_EXTERNAL_BUFFERS_ALLOWED
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_external_buffer(
+      env,
+      length * sizeof(T),
+      data,
+      details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer, Hint>::WrapperWithHint,
+      finalizeData,
+      &value);
+  if (status == details::napi_no_external_buffers_allowed) {
+#endif
+    // If we can't create an external buffer, we'll just copy the data.
+    Buffer<T> ret = Buffer<T>::Copy(env, data, length);
+    details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer, Hint>::WrapperWithHint(
+        env, data, finalizeData);
+    return ret;
+#ifndef NODE_API_NO_EXTERNAL_BUFFERS_ALLOWED
+  }
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete finalizeData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Buffer());
+  }
+  return Buffer(env, value, length, data);
+#endif
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Buffer<T> Buffer<T>::Copy(napi_env env, const T* data, size_t length) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_create_buffer_copy(env, length * sizeof(T), data, nullptr, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Buffer<T>());
+  return Buffer<T>(env, value);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline void Buffer<T>::CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value) {
+  NAPI_CHECK(value != nullptr, "Buffer::CheckCast", "empty value");
+
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_is_buffer(env, value, &result);
+  NAPI_CHECK(status == napi_ok, "Buffer::CheckCast", "napi_is_buffer failed");
+  NAPI_CHECK(result, "Buffer::CheckCast", "value is not buffer");
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Buffer<T>::Buffer() : Uint8Array(), _length(0), _data(nullptr) {}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Buffer<T>::Buffer(napi_env env, napi_value value)
+    : Uint8Array(env, value), _length(0), _data(nullptr) {}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Buffer<T>::Buffer(napi_env env, napi_value value, size_t length, T* data)
+    : Uint8Array(env, value), _length(length), _data(data) {}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline size_t Buffer<T>::Length() const {
+  EnsureInfo();
+  return _length;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T* Buffer<T>::Data() const {
+  EnsureInfo();
+  return _data;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline void Buffer<T>::EnsureInfo() const {
+  // The Buffer instance may have been constructed from a napi_value whose
+  // length/data are not yet known. Fetch and cache these values just once,
+  // since they can never change during the lifetime of the Buffer.
+  if (_data == nullptr) {
+    size_t byteLength;
+    void* voidData;
+    napi_status status =
+        napi_get_buffer_info(_env, _value, &voidData, &byteLength);
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+    _length = byteLength / sizeof(T);
+    _data = static_cast<T*>(voidData);
+  }
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Error class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline Error Error::New(napi_env env) {
+  napi_status status;
+  napi_value error = nullptr;
+  bool is_exception_pending;
+  napi_extended_error_info last_error_info_copy;
+
+  {
+    // We must retrieve the last error info before doing anything else because
+    // doing anything else will replace the last error info.
+    const napi_extended_error_info* last_error_info;
+    status = napi_get_last_error_info(env, &last_error_info);
+    NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(status, "Error::New", "napi_get_last_error_info");
+
+    // All fields of the `napi_extended_error_info` structure gets reset in
+    // subsequent Node-API function calls on the same `env`. This includes a
+    // call to `napi_is_exception_pending()`. So here it is necessary to make a
+    // copy of the information as the `error_code` field is used later on.
+    memcpy(&last_error_info_copy,
+           last_error_info,
+           sizeof(napi_extended_error_info));
+  }
+
+  status = napi_is_exception_pending(env, &is_exception_pending);
+  NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(status, "Error::New", "napi_is_exception_pending");
+
+  // A pending exception takes precedence over any internal error status.
+  if (is_exception_pending) {
+    status = napi_get_and_clear_last_exception(env, &error);
+    NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(
+        status, "Error::New", "napi_get_and_clear_last_exception");
+  } else {
+    const char* error_message = last_error_info_copy.error_message != nullptr
+                                    ? last_error_info_copy.error_message
+                                    : "Error in native callback";
+
+    napi_value message;
+    status = napi_create_string_utf8(
+        env, error_message, std::strlen(error_message), &message);
+    NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(status, "Error::New", "napi_create_string_utf8");
+
+    switch (last_error_info_copy.error_code) {
+      case napi_object_expected:
+      case napi_string_expected:
+      case napi_boolean_expected:
+      case napi_number_expected:
+        status = napi_create_type_error(env, nullptr, message, &error);
+        break;
+      default:
+        status = napi_create_error(env, nullptr, message, &error);
+        break;
+    }
+    NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(status, "Error::New", "napi_create_error");
+  }
+
+  return Error(env, error);
+}
+
+inline Error Error::New(napi_env env, const char* message) {
+  return Error::New<Error>(
+      env, message, std::strlen(message), napi_create_error);
+}
+
+inline Error Error::New(napi_env env, const std::string& message) {
+  return Error::New<Error>(
+      env, message.c_str(), message.size(), napi_create_error);
+}
+
+inline NAPI_NO_RETURN void Error::Fatal(const char* location,
+                                        const char* message) {
+  napi_fatal_error(location, NAPI_AUTO_LENGTH, message, NAPI_AUTO_LENGTH);
+}
+
+inline Error::Error() : ObjectReference() {}
+
+inline Error::Error(napi_env env, napi_value value)
+    : ObjectReference(env, nullptr) {
+  if (value != nullptr) {
+    // Attempting to create a reference on the error object.
+    // If it's not a Object/Function/Symbol, this call will return an error
+    // status.
+    napi_status status = napi_create_reference(env, value, 1, &_ref);
+
+    if (status != napi_ok) {
+      napi_value wrappedErrorObj;
+
+      // Create an error object
+      status = napi_create_object(env, &wrappedErrorObj);
+      NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(status, "Error::Error", "napi_create_object");
+
+      // property flag that we attach to show the error object is wrapped
+      napi_property_descriptor wrapObjFlag = {
+          ERROR_WRAP_VALUE(),  // Unique GUID identifier since Symbol isn't a
+                               // viable option
+          nullptr,
+          nullptr,
+          nullptr,
+          nullptr,
+          Value::From(env, value),
+          napi_enumerable,
+          nullptr};
+
+      status = napi_define_properties(env, wrappedErrorObj, 1, &wrapObjFlag);
+#ifdef NODE_API_SWALLOW_UNTHROWABLE_EXCEPTIONS
+      if (status == napi_pending_exception) {
+        // Test if the pending exception was reported because the environment is
+        // shutting down. We assume that a status of napi_pending_exception
+        // coupled with the absence of an actual pending exception means that
+        // the environment is shutting down. If so, we replace the
+        // napi_pending_exception status with napi_ok.
+        bool is_exception_pending = false;
+        status = napi_is_exception_pending(env, &is_exception_pending);
+        if (status == napi_ok && !is_exception_pending) {
+          status = napi_ok;
+        } else {
+          status = napi_pending_exception;
+        }
+      }
+#endif  // NODE_API_SWALLOW_UNTHROWABLE_EXCEPTIONS
+      NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(status, "Error::Error", "napi_define_properties");
+
+      // Create a reference on the newly wrapped object
+      status = napi_create_reference(env, wrappedErrorObj, 1, &_ref);
+    }
+
+    // Avoid infinite recursion in the failure case.
+    NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(status, "Error::Error", "napi_create_reference");
+  }
+}
+
+inline Object Error::Value() const {
+  if (_ref == nullptr) {
+    return Object(_env, nullptr);
+  }
+
+  napi_value refValue;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_reference_value(_env, _ref, &refValue);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, Object());
+
+  napi_valuetype type;
+  status = napi_typeof(_env, refValue, &type);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, Object());
+
+  // If refValue isn't a symbol, then we proceed to whether the refValue has the
+  // wrapped error flag
+  if (type != napi_symbol) {
+    // We are checking if the object is wrapped
+    bool isWrappedObject = false;
+
+    status = napi_has_property(_env,
+                               refValue,
+                               String::From(_env, ERROR_WRAP_VALUE()),
+                               &isWrappedObject);
+
+    // Don't care about status
+    if (isWrappedObject) {
+      napi_value unwrappedValue;
+      status = napi_get_property(_env,
+                                 refValue,
+                                 String::From(_env, ERROR_WRAP_VALUE()),
+                                 &unwrappedValue);
+      NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, Object());
+
+      return Object(_env, unwrappedValue);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return Object(_env, refValue);
+}
+
+inline Error::Error(Error&& other) : ObjectReference(std::move(other)) {}
+
+inline Error& Error::operator=(Error&& other) {
+  static_cast<Reference<Object>*>(this)->operator=(std::move(other));
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Error::Error(const Error& other) : ObjectReference(other) {}
+
+inline Error& Error::operator=(const Error& other) {
+  Reset();
+
+  _env = other.Env();
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+
+  napi_value value = other.Value();
+  if (value != nullptr) {
+    napi_status status = napi_create_reference(_env, value, 1, &_ref);
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, *this);
+  }
+
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline const std::string& Error::Message() const NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+  if (_message.size() == 0 && _env != nullptr) {
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+    try {
+      _message = Get("message").As<String>();
+    } catch (...) {
+      // Catch all errors here, to include e.g. a std::bad_alloc from
+      // the std::string::operator=, because this method may not throw.
+    }
+#else  // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+#if defined(NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE)
+    Napi::Value message_val;
+    if (Get("message").UnwrapTo(&message_val)) {
+      _message = message_val.As<String>();
+    }
+#else
+    _message = Get("message").As<String>();
+#endif
+#endif  // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+  }
+  return _message;
+}
+
+// we created an object on the &_ref
+inline void Error::ThrowAsJavaScriptException() const {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  if (!IsEmpty()) {
+#ifdef NODE_API_SWALLOW_UNTHROWABLE_EXCEPTIONS
+    bool pendingException = false;
+
+    // check if there is already a pending exception. If so don't try to throw a
+    // new one as that is not allowed/possible
+    napi_status status = napi_is_exception_pending(_env, &pendingException);
+
+    if ((status != napi_ok) ||
+        ((status == napi_ok) && (pendingException == false))) {
+      // We intentionally don't use `NAPI_THROW_*` macros here to ensure
+      // that there is no possible recursion as `ThrowAsJavaScriptException`
+      // is part of `NAPI_THROW_*` macro definition for noexcept.
+
+      status = napi_throw(_env, Value());
+
+      if (status == napi_pending_exception) {
+        // The environment must be terminating as we checked earlier and there
+        // was no pending exception. In this case continuing will result
+        // in a fatal error and there is nothing the author has done incorrectly
+        // in their code that is worth flagging through a fatal error
+        return;
+      }
+    } else {
+      status = napi_pending_exception;
+    }
+#else
+    // We intentionally don't use `NAPI_THROW_*` macros here to ensure
+    // that there is no possible recursion as `ThrowAsJavaScriptException`
+    // is part of `NAPI_THROW_*` macro definition for noexcept.
+
+    napi_status status = napi_throw(_env, Value());
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+    if (status != napi_ok) {
+      throw Error::New(_env);
+    }
+#else   // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+    NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(
+        status, "Error::ThrowAsJavaScriptException", "napi_throw");
+#endif  // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+  }
+}
+
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+
+inline const char* Error::what() const NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+  return Message().c_str();
+}
+
+#endif  // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+
+inline const char* Error::ERROR_WRAP_VALUE() NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+  return "4bda9e7e-4913-4dbc-95de-891cbf66598e-errorVal";
+}
+
+template <typename TError>
+inline TError Error::New(napi_env env,
+                         const char* message,
+                         size_t length,
+                         create_error_fn create_error) {
+  napi_value str;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_string_utf8(env, message, length, &str);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, TError());
+
+  napi_value error;
+  status = create_error(env, nullptr, str, &error);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, TError());
+
+  return TError(env, error);
+}
+
+inline TypeError TypeError::New(napi_env env, const char* message) {
+  return Error::New<TypeError>(
+      env, message, std::strlen(message), napi_create_type_error);
+}
+
+inline TypeError TypeError::New(napi_env env, const std::string& message) {
+  return Error::New<TypeError>(
+      env, message.c_str(), message.size(), napi_create_type_error);
+}
+
+inline TypeError::TypeError() : Error() {}
+
+inline TypeError::TypeError(napi_env env, napi_value value)
+    : Error(env, value) {}
+
+inline RangeError RangeError::New(napi_env env, const char* message) {
+  return Error::New<RangeError>(
+      env, message, std::strlen(message), napi_create_range_error);
+}
+
+inline RangeError RangeError::New(napi_env env, const std::string& message) {
+  return Error::New<RangeError>(
+      env, message.c_str(), message.size(), napi_create_range_error);
+}
+
+inline RangeError::RangeError() : Error() {}
+
+inline RangeError::RangeError(napi_env env, napi_value value)
+    : Error(env, value) {}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Reference<T> class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Reference<T> Reference<T>::New(const T& value,
+                                      uint32_t initialRefcount) {
+  napi_env env = value.Env();
+  napi_value val = value;
+
+  if (val == nullptr) {
+    return Reference<T>(env, nullptr);
+  }
+
+  napi_ref ref;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_reference(env, value, initialRefcount, &ref);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Reference<T>());
+
+  return Reference<T>(env, ref);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Reference<T>::Reference()
+    : _env(nullptr), _ref(nullptr), _suppressDestruct(false) {}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Reference<T>::Reference(napi_env env, napi_ref ref)
+    : _env(env), _ref(ref), _suppressDestruct(false) {}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Reference<T>::~Reference() {
+  if (_ref != nullptr) {
+    if (!_suppressDestruct) {
+      napi_delete_reference(_env, _ref);
+    }
+
+    _ref = nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Reference<T>::Reference(Reference<T>&& other)
+    : _env(other._env),
+      _ref(other._ref),
+      _suppressDestruct(other._suppressDestruct) {
+  other._env = nullptr;
+  other._ref = nullptr;
+  other._suppressDestruct = false;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Reference<T>& Reference<T>::operator=(Reference<T>&& other) {
+  Reset();
+  _env = other._env;
+  _ref = other._ref;
+  _suppressDestruct = other._suppressDestruct;
+  other._env = nullptr;
+  other._ref = nullptr;
+  other._suppressDestruct = false;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Reference<T>::Reference(const Reference<T>& other)
+    : _env(other._env), _ref(nullptr), _suppressDestruct(false) {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+
+  napi_value value = other.Value();
+  if (value != nullptr) {
+    // Copying is a limited scenario (currently only used for Error object) and
+    // always creates a strong reference to the given value even if the incoming
+    // reference is weak.
+    napi_status status = napi_create_reference(_env, value, 1, &_ref);
+    NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(
+        status, "Reference<T>::Reference", "napi_create_reference");
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Reference<T>::operator napi_ref() const {
+  return _ref;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline bool Reference<T>::operator==(const Reference<T>& other) const {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return this->Value().StrictEquals(other.Value());
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline bool Reference<T>::operator!=(const Reference<T>& other) const {
+  return !this->operator==(other);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Napi::Env Reference<T>::Env() const {
+  return Napi::Env(_env);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline bool Reference<T>::IsEmpty() const {
+  return _ref == nullptr;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T Reference<T>::Value() const {
+  if (_ref == nullptr) {
+    return T(_env, nullptr);
+  }
+
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_reference_value(_env, _ref, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, T());
+  return T(_env, value);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline uint32_t Reference<T>::Ref() const {
+  uint32_t result;
+  napi_status status = napi_reference_ref(_env, _ref, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, 0);
+  return result;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline uint32_t Reference<T>::Unref() const {
+  uint32_t result;
+  napi_status status = napi_reference_unref(_env, _ref, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, 0);
+  return result;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline void Reference<T>::Reset() {
+  if (_ref != nullptr) {
+    napi_status status = napi_delete_reference(_env, _ref);
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+    _ref = nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline void Reference<T>::Reset(const T& value, uint32_t refcount) {
+  Reset();
+  _env = value.Env();
+
+  napi_value val = value;
+  if (val != nullptr) {
+    napi_status status = napi_create_reference(_env, value, refcount, &_ref);
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline void Reference<T>::SuppressDestruct() {
+  _suppressDestruct = true;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Reference<T> Weak(T value) {
+  return Reference<T>::New(value, 0);
+}
+
+inline ObjectReference Weak(Object value) {
+  return Reference<Object>::New(value, 0);
+}
+
+inline FunctionReference Weak(Function value) {
+  return Reference<Function>::New(value, 0);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Reference<T> Persistent(T value) {
+  return Reference<T>::New(value, 1);
+}
+
+inline ObjectReference Persistent(Object value) {
+  return Reference<Object>::New(value, 1);
+}
+
+inline FunctionReference Persistent(Function value) {
+  return Reference<Function>::New(value, 1);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ObjectReference class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline ObjectReference::ObjectReference() : Reference<Object>() {}
+
+inline ObjectReference::ObjectReference(napi_env env, napi_ref ref)
+    : Reference<Object>(env, ref) {}
+
+inline ObjectReference::ObjectReference(Reference<Object>&& other)
+    : Reference<Object>(std::move(other)) {}
+
+inline ObjectReference& ObjectReference::operator=(Reference<Object>&& other) {
+  static_cast<Reference<Object>*>(this)->operator=(std::move(other));
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline ObjectReference::ObjectReference(ObjectReference&& other)
+    : Reference<Object>(std::move(other)) {}
+
+inline ObjectReference& ObjectReference::operator=(ObjectReference&& other) {
+  static_cast<Reference<Object>*>(this)->operator=(std::move(other));
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline ObjectReference::ObjectReference(const ObjectReference& other)
+    : Reference<Object>(other) {}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> ObjectReference::Get(
+    const char* utf8name) const {
+  EscapableHandleScope scope(_env);
+  MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> result = Value().Get(utf8name);
+#ifdef NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE
+  if (result.IsJust()) {
+    return Just(scope.Escape(result.Unwrap()));
+  }
+  return result;
+#else
+  if (scope.Env().IsExceptionPending()) {
+    return Value();
+  }
+  return scope.Escape(result);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> ObjectReference::Get(
+    const std::string& utf8name) const {
+  EscapableHandleScope scope(_env);
+  MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> result = Value().Get(utf8name);
+#ifdef NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE
+  if (result.IsJust()) {
+    return Just(scope.Escape(result.Unwrap()));
+  }
+  return result;
+#else
+  if (scope.Env().IsExceptionPending()) {
+    return Value();
+  }
+  return scope.Escape(result);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> ObjectReference::Set(const char* utf8name,
+                                               napi_value value) const {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(utf8name, value);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> ObjectReference::Set(const char* utf8name,
+                                               Napi::Value value) const {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(utf8name, value);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> ObjectReference::Set(const char* utf8name,
+                                               const char* utf8value) const {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(utf8name, utf8value);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> ObjectReference::Set(const char* utf8name,
+                                               bool boolValue) const {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(utf8name, boolValue);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> ObjectReference::Set(const char* utf8name,
+                                               double numberValue) const {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(utf8name, numberValue);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> ObjectReference::Set(const std::string& utf8name,
+                                               napi_value value) const {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(utf8name, value);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> ObjectReference::Set(const std::string& utf8name,
+                                               Napi::Value value) const {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(utf8name, value);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> ObjectReference::Set(const std::string& utf8name,
+                                               std::string& utf8value) const {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(utf8name, utf8value);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> ObjectReference::Set(const std::string& utf8name,
+                                               bool boolValue) const {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(utf8name, boolValue);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> ObjectReference::Set(const std::string& utf8name,
+                                               double numberValue) const {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(utf8name, numberValue);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> ObjectReference::Get(uint32_t index) const {
+  EscapableHandleScope scope(_env);
+  MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> result = Value().Get(index);
+#ifdef NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE
+  if (result.IsJust()) {
+    return Just(scope.Escape(result.Unwrap()));
+  }
+  return result;
+#else
+  if (scope.Env().IsExceptionPending()) {
+    return Value();
+  }
+  return scope.Escape(result);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> ObjectReference::Set(uint32_t index,
+                                               napi_value value) const {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(index, value);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> ObjectReference::Set(uint32_t index,
+                                               Napi::Value value) const {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(index, value);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> ObjectReference::Set(uint32_t index,
+                                               const char* utf8value) const {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(index, utf8value);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> ObjectReference::Set(
+    uint32_t index, const std::string& utf8value) const {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(index, utf8value);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> ObjectReference::Set(uint32_t index,
+                                               bool boolValue) const {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(index, boolValue);
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<bool> ObjectReference::Set(uint32_t index,
+                                               double numberValue) const {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(index, numberValue);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FunctionReference class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline FunctionReference::FunctionReference() : Reference<Function>() {}
+
+inline FunctionReference::FunctionReference(napi_env env, napi_ref ref)
+    : Reference<Function>(env, ref) {}
+
+inline FunctionReference::FunctionReference(Reference<Function>&& other)
+    : Reference<Function>(std::move(other)) {}
+
+inline FunctionReference& FunctionReference::operator=(
+    Reference<Function>&& other) {
+  static_cast<Reference<Function>*>(this)->operator=(std::move(other));
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline FunctionReference::FunctionReference(FunctionReference&& other)
+    : Reference<Function>(std::move(other)) {}
+
+inline FunctionReference& FunctionReference::operator=(
+    FunctionReference&& other) {
+  static_cast<Reference<Function>*>(this)->operator=(std::move(other));
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> FunctionReference::operator()(
+    const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const {
+  EscapableHandleScope scope(_env);
+  MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> result = Value()(args);
+#ifdef NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE
+  if (result.IsJust()) {
+    return Just(scope.Escape(result.Unwrap()));
+  }
+  return result;
+#else
+  if (scope.Env().IsExceptionPending()) {
+    return Value();
+  }
+  return scope.Escape(result);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> FunctionReference::Call(
+    const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const {
+  EscapableHandleScope scope(_env);
+  MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> result = Value().Call(args);
+#ifdef NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE
+  if (result.IsJust()) {
+    return Just(scope.Escape(result.Unwrap()));
+  }
+  return result;
+#else
+  if (scope.Env().IsExceptionPending()) {
+    return Value();
+  }
+  return scope.Escape(result);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> FunctionReference::Call(
+    const std::vector<napi_value>& args) const {
+  EscapableHandleScope scope(_env);
+  MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> result = Value().Call(args);
+#ifdef NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE
+  if (result.IsJust()) {
+    return Just(scope.Escape(result.Unwrap()));
+  }
+  return result;
+#else
+  if (scope.Env().IsExceptionPending()) {
+    return Value();
+  }
+  return scope.Escape(result);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> FunctionReference::Call(
+    napi_value recv, const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const {
+  EscapableHandleScope scope(_env);
+  MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> result = Value().Call(recv, args);
+#ifdef NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE
+  if (result.IsJust()) {
+    return Just(scope.Escape(result.Unwrap()));
+  }
+  return result;
+#else
+  if (scope.Env().IsExceptionPending()) {
+    return Value();
+  }
+  return scope.Escape(result);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> FunctionReference::Call(
+    napi_value recv, const std::vector<napi_value>& args) const {
+  EscapableHandleScope scope(_env);
+  MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> result = Value().Call(recv, args);
+#ifdef NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE
+  if (result.IsJust()) {
+    return Just(scope.Escape(result.Unwrap()));
+  }
+  return result;
+#else
+  if (scope.Env().IsExceptionPending()) {
+    return Value();
+  }
+  return scope.Escape(result);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> FunctionReference::Call(
+    napi_value recv, size_t argc, const napi_value* args) const {
+  EscapableHandleScope scope(_env);
+  MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> result = Value().Call(recv, argc, args);
+#ifdef NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE
+  if (result.IsJust()) {
+    return Just(scope.Escape(result.Unwrap()));
+  }
+  return result;
+#else
+  if (scope.Env().IsExceptionPending()) {
+    return Value();
+  }
+  return scope.Escape(result);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> FunctionReference::MakeCallback(
+    napi_value recv,
+    const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args,
+    napi_async_context context) const {
+  EscapableHandleScope scope(_env);
+  MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> result = Value().MakeCallback(recv, args, context);
+#ifdef NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE
+  if (result.IsJust()) {
+    return Just(scope.Escape(result.Unwrap()));
+  }
+
+  return result;
+#else
+  if (scope.Env().IsExceptionPending()) {
+    return Value();
+  }
+  return scope.Escape(result);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> FunctionReference::MakeCallback(
+    napi_value recv,
+    const std::vector<napi_value>& args,
+    napi_async_context context) const {
+  EscapableHandleScope scope(_env);
+  MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> result = Value().MakeCallback(recv, args, context);
+#ifdef NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE
+  if (result.IsJust()) {
+    return Just(scope.Escape(result.Unwrap()));
+  }
+  return result;
+#else
+  if (scope.Env().IsExceptionPending()) {
+    return Value();
+  }
+  return scope.Escape(result);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> FunctionReference::MakeCallback(
+    napi_value recv,
+    size_t argc,
+    const napi_value* args,
+    napi_async_context context) const {
+  EscapableHandleScope scope(_env);
+  MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> result =
+      Value().MakeCallback(recv, argc, args, context);
+#ifdef NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE
+  if (result.IsJust()) {
+    return Just(scope.Escape(result.Unwrap()));
+  }
+  return result;
+#else
+  if (scope.Env().IsExceptionPending()) {
+    return Value();
+  }
+  return scope.Escape(result);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Object> FunctionReference::New(
+    const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const {
+  EscapableHandleScope scope(_env);
+  MaybeOrValue<Object> result = Value().New(args);
+#ifdef NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE
+  if (result.IsJust()) {
+    return Just(scope.Escape(result.Unwrap()).As<Object>());
+  }
+  return result;
+#else
+  if (scope.Env().IsExceptionPending()) {
+    return Object();
+  }
+  return scope.Escape(result).As<Object>();
+#endif
+}
+
+inline MaybeOrValue<Object> FunctionReference::New(
+    const std::vector<napi_value>& args) const {
+  EscapableHandleScope scope(_env);
+  MaybeOrValue<Object> result = Value().New(args);
+#ifdef NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE
+  if (result.IsJust()) {
+    return Just(scope.Escape(result.Unwrap()).As<Object>());
+  }
+  return result;
+#else
+  if (scope.Env().IsExceptionPending()) {
+    return Object();
+  }
+  return scope.Escape(result).As<Object>();
+#endif
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// CallbackInfo class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline CallbackInfo::CallbackInfo(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info)
+    : _env(env),
+      _info(info),
+      _this(nullptr),
+      _dynamicArgs(nullptr),
+      _data(nullptr) {
+  _argc = _staticArgCount;
+  _argv = _staticArgs;
+
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_get_cb_info(env, info, &_argc, _argv, &_this, &_data);
+
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+
+  if (_argc > _staticArgCount) {
+    // Use either a fixed-size array (on the stack) or a dynamically-allocated
+    // array (on the heap) depending on the number of args.
+    _dynamicArgs = new napi_value[_argc];
+    _argv = _dynamicArgs;
+
+    status = napi_get_cb_info(env, info, &_argc, _argv, nullptr, nullptr);
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+  }
+}
+
+inline CallbackInfo::~CallbackInfo() {
+  if (_dynamicArgs != nullptr) {
+    delete[] _dynamicArgs;
+  }
+}
+
+inline CallbackInfo::operator napi_callback_info() const {
+  return _info;
+}
+
+inline Value CallbackInfo::NewTarget() const {
+  napi_value newTarget;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_new_target(_env, _info, &newTarget);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, Value());
+  return Value(_env, newTarget);
+}
+
+inline bool CallbackInfo::IsConstructCall() const {
+  return !NewTarget().IsEmpty();
+}
+
+inline Napi::Env CallbackInfo::Env() const {
+  return Napi::Env(_env);
+}
+
+inline size_t CallbackInfo::Length() const {
+  return _argc;
+}
+
+inline const Value CallbackInfo::operator[](size_t index) const {
+  return index < _argc ? Value(_env, _argv[index]) : Env().Undefined();
+}
+
+inline Value CallbackInfo::This() const {
+  if (_this == nullptr) {
+    return Env().Undefined();
+  }
+  return Object(_env, _this);
+}
+
+inline void* CallbackInfo::Data() const {
+  return _data;
+}
+
+inline void CallbackInfo::SetData(void* data) {
+  _data = data;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// PropertyDescriptor class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename PropertyDescriptor::GetterCallback Getter>
+PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(
+    const char* utf8name, napi_property_attributes attributes, void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.getter = details::TemplatedCallback<Getter>;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  desc.data = data;
+
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename PropertyDescriptor::GetterCallback Getter>
+PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(
+    const std::string& utf8name,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  return Accessor<Getter>(utf8name.c_str(), attributes, data);
+}
+
+template <typename PropertyDescriptor::GetterCallback Getter>
+PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(
+    Name name, napi_property_attributes attributes, void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.getter = details::TemplatedCallback<Getter>;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  desc.data = data;
+
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename PropertyDescriptor::GetterCallback Getter,
+          typename PropertyDescriptor::SetterCallback Setter>
+PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(
+    const char* utf8name, napi_property_attributes attributes, void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.getter = details::TemplatedCallback<Getter>;
+  desc.setter = details::TemplatedVoidCallback<Setter>;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  desc.data = data;
+
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename PropertyDescriptor::GetterCallback Getter,
+          typename PropertyDescriptor::SetterCallback Setter>
+PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(
+    const std::string& utf8name,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  return Accessor<Getter, Setter>(utf8name.c_str(), attributes, data);
+}
+
+template <typename PropertyDescriptor::GetterCallback Getter,
+          typename PropertyDescriptor::SetterCallback Setter>
+PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(
+    Name name, napi_property_attributes attributes, void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.getter = details::TemplatedCallback<Getter>;
+  desc.setter = details::TemplatedVoidCallback<Setter>;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  desc.data = data;
+
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename Getter>
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(
+    Napi::Env env,
+    Napi::Object object,
+    const char* utf8name,
+    Getter getter,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  using CbData = details::CallbackData<Getter, Napi::Value>;
+  auto callbackData = new CbData({getter, data});
+
+  napi_status status = AttachData(env, object, callbackData);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete callbackData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, napi_property_descriptor());
+  }
+
+  return PropertyDescriptor({utf8name,
+                             nullptr,
+                             nullptr,
+                             CbData::Wrapper,
+                             nullptr,
+                             nullptr,
+                             attributes,
+                             callbackData});
+}
+
+template <typename Getter>
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(
+    Napi::Env env,
+    Napi::Object object,
+    const std::string& utf8name,
+    Getter getter,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  return Accessor(env, object, utf8name.c_str(), getter, attributes, data);
+}
+
+template <typename Getter>
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(
+    Napi::Env env,
+    Napi::Object object,
+    Name name,
+    Getter getter,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  using CbData = details::CallbackData<Getter, Napi::Value>;
+  auto callbackData = new CbData({getter, data});
+
+  napi_status status = AttachData(env, object, callbackData);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete callbackData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, napi_property_descriptor());
+  }
+
+  return PropertyDescriptor({nullptr,
+                             name,
+                             nullptr,
+                             CbData::Wrapper,
+                             nullptr,
+                             nullptr,
+                             attributes,
+                             callbackData});
+}
+
+template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(
+    Napi::Env env,
+    Napi::Object object,
+    const char* utf8name,
+    Getter getter,
+    Setter setter,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  using CbData = details::AccessorCallbackData<Getter, Setter>;
+  auto callbackData = new CbData({getter, setter, data});
+
+  napi_status status = AttachData(env, object, callbackData);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete callbackData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, napi_property_descriptor());
+  }
+
+  return PropertyDescriptor({utf8name,
+                             nullptr,
+                             nullptr,
+                             CbData::GetterWrapper,
+                             CbData::SetterWrapper,
+                             nullptr,
+                             attributes,
+                             callbackData});
+}
+
+template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(
+    Napi::Env env,
+    Napi::Object object,
+    const std::string& utf8name,
+    Getter getter,
+    Setter setter,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  return Accessor(
+      env, object, utf8name.c_str(), getter, setter, attributes, data);
+}
+
+template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(
+    Napi::Env env,
+    Napi::Object object,
+    Name name,
+    Getter getter,
+    Setter setter,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  using CbData = details::AccessorCallbackData<Getter, Setter>;
+  auto callbackData = new CbData({getter, setter, data});
+
+  napi_status status = AttachData(env, object, callbackData);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete callbackData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, napi_property_descriptor());
+  }
+
+  return PropertyDescriptor({nullptr,
+                             name,
+                             nullptr,
+                             CbData::GetterWrapper,
+                             CbData::SetterWrapper,
+                             nullptr,
+                             attributes,
+                             callbackData});
+}
+
+template <typename Callable>
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Function(
+    Napi::Env env,
+    Napi::Object /*object*/,
+    const char* utf8name,
+    Callable cb,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  return PropertyDescriptor({utf8name,
+                             nullptr,
+                             nullptr,
+                             nullptr,
+                             nullptr,
+                             Napi::Function::New(env, cb, utf8name, data),
+                             attributes,
+                             nullptr});
+}
+
+template <typename Callable>
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Function(
+    Napi::Env env,
+    Napi::Object object,
+    const std::string& utf8name,
+    Callable cb,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  return Function(env, object, utf8name.c_str(), cb, attributes, data);
+}
+
+template <typename Callable>
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Function(
+    Napi::Env env,
+    Napi::Object /*object*/,
+    Name name,
+    Callable cb,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  return PropertyDescriptor({nullptr,
+                             name,
+                             nullptr,
+                             nullptr,
+                             nullptr,
+                             Napi::Function::New(env, cb, nullptr, data),
+                             attributes,
+                             nullptr});
+}
+
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Value(
+    const char* utf8name,
+    napi_value value,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes) {
+  return PropertyDescriptor({utf8name,
+                             nullptr,
+                             nullptr,
+                             nullptr,
+                             nullptr,
+                             value,
+                             attributes,
+                             nullptr});
+}
+
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Value(
+    const std::string& utf8name,
+    napi_value value,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes) {
+  return Value(utf8name.c_str(), value, attributes);
+}
+
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Value(
+    napi_value name, napi_value value, napi_property_attributes attributes) {
+  return PropertyDescriptor(
+      {nullptr, name, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, value, attributes, nullptr});
+}
+
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Value(
+    Name name, Napi::Value value, napi_property_attributes attributes) {
+  napi_value nameValue = name;
+  napi_value valueValue = value;
+  return PropertyDescriptor::Value(nameValue, valueValue, attributes);
+}
+
+inline PropertyDescriptor::PropertyDescriptor(napi_property_descriptor desc)
+    : _desc(desc) {}
+
+inline PropertyDescriptor::operator napi_property_descriptor&() {
+  return _desc;
+}
+
+inline PropertyDescriptor::operator const napi_property_descriptor&() const {
+  return _desc;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// InstanceWrap<T> class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+inline void InstanceWrap<T>::AttachPropData(
+    napi_env env, napi_value value, const napi_property_descriptor* prop) {
+  napi_status status;
+  if (!(prop->attributes & napi_static)) {
+    if (prop->method == T::InstanceVoidMethodCallbackWrapper) {
+      status = Napi::details::AttachData(
+          env, value, static_cast<InstanceVoidMethodCallbackData*>(prop->data));
+      NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(env, status);
+    } else if (prop->method == T::InstanceMethodCallbackWrapper) {
+      status = Napi::details::AttachData(
+          env, value, static_cast<InstanceMethodCallbackData*>(prop->data));
+      NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(env, status);
+    } else if (prop->getter == T::InstanceGetterCallbackWrapper ||
+               prop->setter == T::InstanceSetterCallbackWrapper) {
+      status = Napi::details::AttachData(
+          env, value, static_cast<InstanceAccessorCallbackData*>(prop->data));
+      NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(env, status);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceMethod(
+    const char* utf8name,
+    InstanceVoidMethodCallback method,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  InstanceVoidMethodCallbackData* callbackData =
+      new InstanceVoidMethodCallbackData({method, data});
+
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.method = T::InstanceVoidMethodCallbackWrapper;
+  desc.data = callbackData;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceMethod(
+    const char* utf8name,
+    InstanceMethodCallback method,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  InstanceMethodCallbackData* callbackData =
+      new InstanceMethodCallbackData({method, data});
+
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.method = T::InstanceMethodCallbackWrapper;
+  desc.data = callbackData;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceMethod(
+    Symbol name,
+    InstanceVoidMethodCallback method,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  InstanceVoidMethodCallbackData* callbackData =
+      new InstanceVoidMethodCallbackData({method, data});
+
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.method = T::InstanceVoidMethodCallbackWrapper;
+  desc.data = callbackData;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceMethod(
+    Symbol name,
+    InstanceMethodCallback method,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  InstanceMethodCallbackData* callbackData =
+      new InstanceMethodCallbackData({method, data});
+
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.method = T::InstanceMethodCallbackWrapper;
+  desc.data = callbackData;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceVoidMethodCallback method>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceMethod(
+    const char* utf8name, napi_property_attributes attributes, void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.method = details::TemplatedInstanceVoidCallback<T, method>;
+  desc.data = data;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceMethodCallback method>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceMethod(
+    const char* utf8name, napi_property_attributes attributes, void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.method = details::TemplatedInstanceCallback<T, method>;
+  desc.data = data;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceVoidMethodCallback method>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceMethod(
+    Symbol name, napi_property_attributes attributes, void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.method = details::TemplatedInstanceVoidCallback<T, method>;
+  desc.data = data;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceMethodCallback method>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceMethod(
+    Symbol name, napi_property_attributes attributes, void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.method = details::TemplatedInstanceCallback<T, method>;
+  desc.data = data;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceAccessor(
+    const char* utf8name,
+    InstanceGetterCallback getter,
+    InstanceSetterCallback setter,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  InstanceAccessorCallbackData* callbackData =
+      new InstanceAccessorCallbackData({getter, setter, data});
+
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.getter = getter != nullptr ? T::InstanceGetterCallbackWrapper : nullptr;
+  desc.setter = setter != nullptr ? T::InstanceSetterCallbackWrapper : nullptr;
+  desc.data = callbackData;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceAccessor(
+    Symbol name,
+    InstanceGetterCallback getter,
+    InstanceSetterCallback setter,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  InstanceAccessorCallbackData* callbackData =
+      new InstanceAccessorCallbackData({getter, setter, data});
+
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.getter = getter != nullptr ? T::InstanceGetterCallbackWrapper : nullptr;
+  desc.setter = setter != nullptr ? T::InstanceSetterCallbackWrapper : nullptr;
+  desc.data = callbackData;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceGetterCallback getter,
+          typename InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceSetterCallback setter>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceAccessor(
+    const char* utf8name, napi_property_attributes attributes, void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.getter = details::TemplatedInstanceCallback<T, getter>;
+  desc.setter = This::WrapSetter(This::SetterTag<setter>());
+  desc.data = data;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceGetterCallback getter,
+          typename InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceSetterCallback setter>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceAccessor(
+    Symbol name, napi_property_attributes attributes, void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.getter = details::TemplatedInstanceCallback<T, getter>;
+  desc.setter = This::WrapSetter(This::SetterTag<setter>());
+  desc.data = data;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceValue(
+    const char* utf8name,
+    Napi::Value value,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.value = value;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceValue(
+    Symbol name, Napi::Value value, napi_property_attributes attributes) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.value = value;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline napi_value InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceVoidMethodCallbackWrapper(
+    napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
+  return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    CallbackInfo callbackInfo(env, info);
+    InstanceVoidMethodCallbackData* callbackData =
+        reinterpret_cast<InstanceVoidMethodCallbackData*>(callbackInfo.Data());
+    callbackInfo.SetData(callbackData->data);
+    T* instance = T::Unwrap(callbackInfo.This().As<Object>());
+    auto cb = callbackData->callback;
+    if (instance) (instance->*cb)(callbackInfo);
+    return nullptr;
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline napi_value InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceMethodCallbackWrapper(
+    napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
+  return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    CallbackInfo callbackInfo(env, info);
+    InstanceMethodCallbackData* callbackData =
+        reinterpret_cast<InstanceMethodCallbackData*>(callbackInfo.Data());
+    callbackInfo.SetData(callbackData->data);
+    T* instance = T::Unwrap(callbackInfo.This().As<Object>());
+    auto cb = callbackData->callback;
+    return instance ? (instance->*cb)(callbackInfo) : Napi::Value();
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline napi_value InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceGetterCallbackWrapper(
+    napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
+  return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    CallbackInfo callbackInfo(env, info);
+    InstanceAccessorCallbackData* callbackData =
+        reinterpret_cast<InstanceAccessorCallbackData*>(callbackInfo.Data());
+    callbackInfo.SetData(callbackData->data);
+    T* instance = T::Unwrap(callbackInfo.This().As<Object>());
+    auto cb = callbackData->getterCallback;
+    return instance ? (instance->*cb)(callbackInfo) : Napi::Value();
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline napi_value InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceSetterCallbackWrapper(
+    napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
+  return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    CallbackInfo callbackInfo(env, info);
+    InstanceAccessorCallbackData* callbackData =
+        reinterpret_cast<InstanceAccessorCallbackData*>(callbackInfo.Data());
+    callbackInfo.SetData(callbackData->data);
+    T* instance = T::Unwrap(callbackInfo.This().As<Object>());
+    auto cb = callbackData->setterCallback;
+    if (instance) (instance->*cb)(callbackInfo, callbackInfo[0]);
+    return nullptr;
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceSetterCallback method>
+inline napi_value InstanceWrap<T>::WrappedMethod(
+    napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+  return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    const CallbackInfo cbInfo(env, info);
+    T* instance = T::Unwrap(cbInfo.This().As<Object>());
+    if (instance) (instance->*method)(cbInfo, cbInfo[0]);
+    return nullptr;
+  });
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ObjectWrap<T> class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ObjectWrap<T>::ObjectWrap(const Napi::CallbackInfo& callbackInfo) {
+  napi_env env = callbackInfo.Env();
+  napi_value wrapper = callbackInfo.This();
+  napi_status status;
+  napi_ref ref;
+  T* instance = static_cast<T*>(this);
+  status = napi_wrap(env, wrapper, instance, FinalizeCallback, nullptr, &ref);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(env, status);
+
+  Reference<Object>* instanceRef = instance;
+  *instanceRef = Reference<Object>(env, ref);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ObjectWrap<T>::~ObjectWrap() {
+  // If the JS object still exists at this point, remove the finalizer added
+  // through `napi_wrap()`.
+  if (!IsEmpty()) {
+    Object object = Value();
+    // It is not valid to call `napi_remove_wrap()` with an empty `object`.
+    // This happens e.g. during garbage collection.
+    if (!object.IsEmpty() && _construction_failed) {
+      napi_remove_wrap(Env(), object, nullptr);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T* ObjectWrap<T>::Unwrap(Object wrapper) {
+  void* unwrapped;
+  napi_status status = napi_unwrap(wrapper.Env(), wrapper, &unwrapped);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(wrapper.Env(), status, nullptr);
+  return static_cast<T*>(unwrapped);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Function ObjectWrap<T>::DefineClass(
+    Napi::Env env,
+    const char* utf8name,
+    const size_t props_count,
+    const napi_property_descriptor* descriptors,
+    void* data) {
+  napi_status status;
+  std::vector<napi_property_descriptor> props(props_count);
+
+  // We copy the descriptors to a local array because before defining the class
+  // we must replace static method property descriptors with value property
+  // descriptors such that the value is a function-valued `napi_value` created
+  // with `CreateFunction()`.
+  //
+  // This replacement could be made for instance methods as well, but V8 aborts
+  // if we do that, because it expects methods defined on the prototype template
+  // to have `FunctionTemplate`s.
+  for (size_t index = 0; index < props_count; index++) {
+    props[index] = descriptors[index];
+    napi_property_descriptor* prop = &props[index];
+    if (prop->method == T::StaticMethodCallbackWrapper) {
+      status =
+          CreateFunction(env,
+                         utf8name,
+                         prop->method,
+                         static_cast<StaticMethodCallbackData*>(prop->data),
+                         &(prop->value));
+      NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Function());
+      prop->method = nullptr;
+      prop->data = nullptr;
+    } else if (prop->method == T::StaticVoidMethodCallbackWrapper) {
+      status =
+          CreateFunction(env,
+                         utf8name,
+                         prop->method,
+                         static_cast<StaticVoidMethodCallbackData*>(prop->data),
+                         &(prop->value));
+      NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Function());
+      prop->method = nullptr;
+      prop->data = nullptr;
+    }
+  }
+
+  napi_value value;
+  status = napi_define_class(env,
+                             utf8name,
+                             NAPI_AUTO_LENGTH,
+                             T::ConstructorCallbackWrapper,
+                             data,
+                             props_count,
+                             props.data(),
+                             &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Function());
+
+  // After defining the class we iterate once more over the property descriptors
+  // and attach the data associated with accessors and instance methods to the
+  // newly created JavaScript class.
+  for (size_t idx = 0; idx < props_count; idx++) {
+    const napi_property_descriptor* prop = &props[idx];
+
+    if (prop->getter == T::StaticGetterCallbackWrapper ||
+        prop->setter == T::StaticSetterCallbackWrapper) {
+      status = Napi::details::AttachData(
+          env, value, static_cast<StaticAccessorCallbackData*>(prop->data));
+      NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Function());
+    } else {
+      // InstanceWrap<T>::AttachPropData is responsible for attaching the data
+      // of instance methods and accessors.
+      T::AttachPropData(env, value, prop);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return Function(env, value);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Function ObjectWrap<T>::DefineClass(
+    Napi::Env env,
+    const char* utf8name,
+    const std::initializer_list<ClassPropertyDescriptor<T>>& properties,
+    void* data) {
+  return DefineClass(
+      env,
+      utf8name,
+      properties.size(),
+      reinterpret_cast<const napi_property_descriptor*>(properties.begin()),
+      data);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Function ObjectWrap<T>::DefineClass(
+    Napi::Env env,
+    const char* utf8name,
+    const std::vector<ClassPropertyDescriptor<T>>& properties,
+    void* data) {
+  return DefineClass(
+      env,
+      utf8name,
+      properties.size(),
+      reinterpret_cast<const napi_property_descriptor*>(properties.data()),
+      data);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> ObjectWrap<T>::StaticMethod(
+    const char* utf8name,
+    StaticVoidMethodCallback method,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  StaticVoidMethodCallbackData* callbackData =
+      new StaticVoidMethodCallbackData({method, data});
+
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.method = T::StaticVoidMethodCallbackWrapper;
+  desc.data = callbackData;
+  desc.attributes =
+      static_cast<napi_property_attributes>(attributes | napi_static);
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> ObjectWrap<T>::StaticMethod(
+    const char* utf8name,
+    StaticMethodCallback method,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  StaticMethodCallbackData* callbackData =
+      new StaticMethodCallbackData({method, data});
+
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.method = T::StaticMethodCallbackWrapper;
+  desc.data = callbackData;
+  desc.attributes =
+      static_cast<napi_property_attributes>(attributes | napi_static);
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> ObjectWrap<T>::StaticMethod(
+    Symbol name,
+    StaticVoidMethodCallback method,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  StaticVoidMethodCallbackData* callbackData =
+      new StaticVoidMethodCallbackData({method, data});
+
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.method = T::StaticVoidMethodCallbackWrapper;
+  desc.data = callbackData;
+  desc.attributes =
+      static_cast<napi_property_attributes>(attributes | napi_static);
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> ObjectWrap<T>::StaticMethod(
+    Symbol name,
+    StaticMethodCallback method,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  StaticMethodCallbackData* callbackData =
+      new StaticMethodCallbackData({method, data});
+
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.method = T::StaticMethodCallbackWrapper;
+  desc.data = callbackData;
+  desc.attributes =
+      static_cast<napi_property_attributes>(attributes | napi_static);
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename ObjectWrap<T>::StaticVoidMethodCallback method>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> ObjectWrap<T>::StaticMethod(
+    const char* utf8name, napi_property_attributes attributes, void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.method = details::TemplatedVoidCallback<method>;
+  desc.data = data;
+  desc.attributes =
+      static_cast<napi_property_attributes>(attributes | napi_static);
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename ObjectWrap<T>::StaticVoidMethodCallback method>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> ObjectWrap<T>::StaticMethod(
+    Symbol name, napi_property_attributes attributes, void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.method = details::TemplatedVoidCallback<method>;
+  desc.data = data;
+  desc.attributes =
+      static_cast<napi_property_attributes>(attributes | napi_static);
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename ObjectWrap<T>::StaticMethodCallback method>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> ObjectWrap<T>::StaticMethod(
+    const char* utf8name, napi_property_attributes attributes, void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.method = details::TemplatedCallback<method>;
+  desc.data = data;
+  desc.attributes =
+      static_cast<napi_property_attributes>(attributes | napi_static);
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename ObjectWrap<T>::StaticMethodCallback method>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> ObjectWrap<T>::StaticMethod(
+    Symbol name, napi_property_attributes attributes, void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.method = details::TemplatedCallback<method>;
+  desc.data = data;
+  desc.attributes =
+      static_cast<napi_property_attributes>(attributes | napi_static);
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> ObjectWrap<T>::StaticAccessor(
+    const char* utf8name,
+    StaticGetterCallback getter,
+    StaticSetterCallback setter,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  StaticAccessorCallbackData* callbackData =
+      new StaticAccessorCallbackData({getter, setter, data});
+
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.getter = getter != nullptr ? T::StaticGetterCallbackWrapper : nullptr;
+  desc.setter = setter != nullptr ? T::StaticSetterCallbackWrapper : nullptr;
+  desc.data = callbackData;
+  desc.attributes =
+      static_cast<napi_property_attributes>(attributes | napi_static);
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> ObjectWrap<T>::StaticAccessor(
+    Symbol name,
+    StaticGetterCallback getter,
+    StaticSetterCallback setter,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  StaticAccessorCallbackData* callbackData =
+      new StaticAccessorCallbackData({getter, setter, data});
+
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.getter = getter != nullptr ? T::StaticGetterCallbackWrapper : nullptr;
+  desc.setter = setter != nullptr ? T::StaticSetterCallbackWrapper : nullptr;
+  desc.data = callbackData;
+  desc.attributes =
+      static_cast<napi_property_attributes>(attributes | napi_static);
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename ObjectWrap<T>::StaticGetterCallback getter,
+          typename ObjectWrap<T>::StaticSetterCallback setter>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> ObjectWrap<T>::StaticAccessor(
+    const char* utf8name, napi_property_attributes attributes, void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.getter = details::TemplatedCallback<getter>;
+  desc.setter = This::WrapStaticSetter(This::StaticSetterTag<setter>());
+  desc.data = data;
+  desc.attributes =
+      static_cast<napi_property_attributes>(attributes | napi_static);
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename ObjectWrap<T>::StaticGetterCallback getter,
+          typename ObjectWrap<T>::StaticSetterCallback setter>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> ObjectWrap<T>::StaticAccessor(
+    Symbol name, napi_property_attributes attributes, void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.getter = details::TemplatedCallback<getter>;
+  desc.setter = This::WrapStaticSetter(This::StaticSetterTag<setter>());
+  desc.data = data;
+  desc.attributes =
+      static_cast<napi_property_attributes>(attributes | napi_static);
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> ObjectWrap<T>::StaticValue(
+    const char* utf8name,
+    Napi::Value value,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.value = value;
+  desc.attributes =
+      static_cast<napi_property_attributes>(attributes | napi_static);
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> ObjectWrap<T>::StaticValue(
+    Symbol name, Napi::Value value, napi_property_attributes attributes) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.value = value;
+  desc.attributes =
+      static_cast<napi_property_attributes>(attributes | napi_static);
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Value ObjectWrap<T>::OnCalledAsFunction(
+    const Napi::CallbackInfo& callbackInfo) {
+  NAPI_THROW(
+      TypeError::New(callbackInfo.Env(),
+                     "Class constructors cannot be invoked without 'new'"),
+      Napi::Value());
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline void ObjectWrap<T>::Finalize(Napi::Env /*env*/) {}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline napi_value ObjectWrap<T>::ConstructorCallbackWrapper(
+    napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
+  napi_value new_target;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_new_target(env, info, &new_target);
+  if (status != napi_ok) return nullptr;
+
+  bool isConstructCall = (new_target != nullptr);
+  if (!isConstructCall) {
+    return details::WrapCallback(
+        [&] { return T::OnCalledAsFunction(CallbackInfo(env, info)); });
+  }
+
+  napi_value wrapper = details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    CallbackInfo callbackInfo(env, info);
+    T* instance = new T(callbackInfo);
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+    instance->_construction_failed = false;
+#else
+    if (callbackInfo.Env().IsExceptionPending()) {
+      // We need to clear the exception so that removing the wrap might work.
+      Error e = callbackInfo.Env().GetAndClearPendingException();
+      delete instance;
+      e.ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+    } else {
+      instance->_construction_failed = false;
+    }
+#endif  // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+    return callbackInfo.This();
+  });
+
+  return wrapper;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline napi_value ObjectWrap<T>::StaticVoidMethodCallbackWrapper(
+    napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
+  return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    CallbackInfo callbackInfo(env, info);
+    StaticVoidMethodCallbackData* callbackData =
+        reinterpret_cast<StaticVoidMethodCallbackData*>(callbackInfo.Data());
+    callbackInfo.SetData(callbackData->data);
+    callbackData->callback(callbackInfo);
+    return nullptr;
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline napi_value ObjectWrap<T>::StaticMethodCallbackWrapper(
+    napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
+  return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    CallbackInfo callbackInfo(env, info);
+    StaticMethodCallbackData* callbackData =
+        reinterpret_cast<StaticMethodCallbackData*>(callbackInfo.Data());
+    callbackInfo.SetData(callbackData->data);
+    return callbackData->callback(callbackInfo);
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline napi_value ObjectWrap<T>::StaticGetterCallbackWrapper(
+    napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
+  return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    CallbackInfo callbackInfo(env, info);
+    StaticAccessorCallbackData* callbackData =
+        reinterpret_cast<StaticAccessorCallbackData*>(callbackInfo.Data());
+    callbackInfo.SetData(callbackData->data);
+    return callbackData->getterCallback(callbackInfo);
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline napi_value ObjectWrap<T>::StaticSetterCallbackWrapper(
+    napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
+  return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    CallbackInfo callbackInfo(env, info);
+    StaticAccessorCallbackData* callbackData =
+        reinterpret_cast<StaticAccessorCallbackData*>(callbackInfo.Data());
+    callbackInfo.SetData(callbackData->data);
+    callbackData->setterCallback(callbackInfo, callbackInfo[0]);
+    return nullptr;
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline void ObjectWrap<T>::FinalizeCallback(napi_env env,
+                                            void* data,
+                                            void* /*hint*/) {
+  HandleScope scope(env);
+  T* instance = static_cast<T*>(data);
+  instance->Finalize(Napi::Env(env));
+  delete instance;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename ObjectWrap<T>::StaticSetterCallback method>
+inline napi_value ObjectWrap<T>::WrappedMethod(
+    napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+  return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    const CallbackInfo cbInfo(env, info);
+    method(cbInfo, cbInfo[0]);
+    return nullptr;
+  });
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// HandleScope class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline HandleScope::HandleScope(napi_env env, napi_handle_scope scope)
+    : _env(env), _scope(scope) {}
+
+inline HandleScope::HandleScope(Napi::Env env) : _env(env) {
+  napi_status status = napi_open_handle_scope(_env, &_scope);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+inline HandleScope::~HandleScope() {
+  napi_status status = napi_close_handle_scope(_env, _scope);
+  NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(
+      status, "HandleScope::~HandleScope", "napi_close_handle_scope");
+}
+
+inline HandleScope::operator napi_handle_scope() const {
+  return _scope;
+}
+
+inline Napi::Env HandleScope::Env() const {
+  return Napi::Env(_env);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// EscapableHandleScope class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline EscapableHandleScope::EscapableHandleScope(
+    napi_env env, napi_escapable_handle_scope scope)
+    : _env(env), _scope(scope) {}
+
+inline EscapableHandleScope::EscapableHandleScope(Napi::Env env) : _env(env) {
+  napi_status status = napi_open_escapable_handle_scope(_env, &_scope);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+inline EscapableHandleScope::~EscapableHandleScope() {
+  napi_status status = napi_close_escapable_handle_scope(_env, _scope);
+  NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(status,
+                       "EscapableHandleScope::~EscapableHandleScope",
+                       "napi_close_escapable_handle_scope");
+}
+
+inline EscapableHandleScope::operator napi_escapable_handle_scope() const {
+  return _scope;
+}
+
+inline Napi::Env EscapableHandleScope::Env() const {
+  return Napi::Env(_env);
+}
+
+inline Value EscapableHandleScope::Escape(napi_value escapee) {
+  napi_value result;
+  napi_status status = napi_escape_handle(_env, _scope, escapee, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, Value());
+  return Value(_env, result);
+}
+
+#if (NAPI_VERSION > 2)
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// CallbackScope class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline CallbackScope::CallbackScope(napi_env env, napi_callback_scope scope)
+    : _env(env), _scope(scope) {}
+
+inline CallbackScope::CallbackScope(napi_env env, napi_async_context context)
+    : _env(env) {
+  // napi_status status =
+  //     napi_open_callback_scope(_env, Object::New(env), context, &_scope);
+  // NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+inline CallbackScope::~CallbackScope() {
+  //cjh napi_status status = napi_close_callback_scope(_env, _scope);
+  // NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(
+  //     status, "CallbackScope::~CallbackScope", "napi_close_callback_scope");
+}
+
+inline CallbackScope::operator napi_callback_scope() const {
+  return _scope;
+}
+
+inline Napi::Env CallbackScope::Env() const {
+  return Napi::Env(_env);
+}
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// AsyncContext class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline AsyncContext::AsyncContext(napi_env env, const char* resource_name)
+    : AsyncContext(env, resource_name, Object::New(env)) {}
+
+inline AsyncContext::AsyncContext(napi_env env,
+                                  const char* resource_name,
+                                  const Object& resource)
+    : _env(env), _context(nullptr) {
+  napi_value resource_id;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_string_utf8(
+      _env, resource_name, NAPI_AUTO_LENGTH, &resource_id);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+
+  status = napi_async_init(_env, resource, resource_id, &_context);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+inline AsyncContext::~AsyncContext() {
+  if (_context != nullptr) {
+//cjh    napi_async_destroy(_env, _context);
+    _context = nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+inline AsyncContext::AsyncContext(AsyncContext&& other) {
+  _env = other._env;
+  other._env = nullptr;
+  _context = other._context;
+  other._context = nullptr;
+}
+
+inline AsyncContext& AsyncContext::operator=(AsyncContext&& other) {
+  _env = other._env;
+  other._env = nullptr;
+  _context = other._context;
+  other._context = nullptr;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline AsyncContext::operator napi_async_context() const {
+  return _context;
+}
+
+inline Napi::Env AsyncContext::Env() const {
+  return Napi::Env(_env);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// AsyncWorker class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#if NAPI_HAS_THREADS
+
+inline AsyncWorker::AsyncWorker(const Function& callback)
+    : AsyncWorker(callback, "generic") {}
+
+inline AsyncWorker::AsyncWorker(const Function& callback,
+                                const char* resource_name)
+    : AsyncWorker(callback, resource_name, Object::New(callback.Env())) {}
+
+inline AsyncWorker::AsyncWorker(const Function& callback,
+                                const char* resource_name,
+                                const Object& resource)
+    : AsyncWorker(
+          Object::New(callback.Env()), callback, resource_name, resource) {}
+
+inline AsyncWorker::AsyncWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                                const Function& callback)
+    : AsyncWorker(receiver, callback, "generic") {}
+
+inline AsyncWorker::AsyncWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                                const Function& callback,
+                                const char* resource_name)
+    : AsyncWorker(
+          receiver, callback, resource_name, Object::New(callback.Env())) {}
+
+inline AsyncWorker::AsyncWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                                const Function& callback,
+                                const char* resource_name,
+                                const Object& resource)
+    : _env(callback.Env()),
+      _receiver(Napi::Persistent(receiver)),
+      _callback(Napi::Persistent(callback)),
+      _suppress_destruct(false) {
+  napi_value resource_id;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_string_latin1(
+      _env, resource_name, NAPI_AUTO_LENGTH, &resource_id);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+
+  status = napi_create_async_work(_env,
+                                  resource,
+                                  resource_id,
+                                  OnAsyncWorkExecute,
+                                  OnAsyncWorkComplete,
+                                  this,
+                                  &_work);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+inline AsyncWorker::AsyncWorker(Napi::Env env) : AsyncWorker(env, "generic") {}
+
+inline AsyncWorker::AsyncWorker(Napi::Env env, const char* resource_name)
+    : AsyncWorker(env, resource_name, Object::New(env)) {}
+
+inline AsyncWorker::AsyncWorker(Napi::Env env,
+                                const char* resource_name,
+                                const Object& resource)
+    : _env(env), _receiver(), _callback(), _suppress_destruct(false) {
+  napi_value resource_id;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_string_latin1(
+      _env, resource_name, NAPI_AUTO_LENGTH, &resource_id);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+
+  status = napi_create_async_work(_env,
+                                  resource,
+                                  resource_id,
+                                  OnAsyncWorkExecute,
+                                  OnAsyncWorkComplete,
+                                  this,
+                                  &_work);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+inline AsyncWorker::~AsyncWorker() {
+  if (_work != nullptr) {
+    napi_delete_async_work(_env, _work);
+    _work = nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+inline void AsyncWorker::Destroy() {
+  delete this;
+}
+
+inline AsyncWorker::operator napi_async_work() const {
+  return _work;
+}
+
+inline Napi::Env AsyncWorker::Env() const {
+  return Napi::Env(_env);
+}
+
+inline void AsyncWorker::Queue() {
+  napi_status status = napi_queue_async_work(_env, _work);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+inline void AsyncWorker::Cancel() {
+  napi_status status = napi_cancel_async_work(_env, _work);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+inline ObjectReference& AsyncWorker::Receiver() {
+  return _receiver;
+}
+
+inline FunctionReference& AsyncWorker::Callback() {
+  return _callback;
+}
+
+inline void AsyncWorker::SuppressDestruct() {
+  _suppress_destruct = true;
+}
+
+inline void AsyncWorker::OnOK() {
+  if (!_callback.IsEmpty()) {
+    _callback.Call(_receiver.Value(), GetResult(_callback.Env()));
+  }
+}
+
+inline void AsyncWorker::OnError(const Error& e) {
+  if (!_callback.IsEmpty()) {
+    _callback.Call(_receiver.Value(),
+                   std::initializer_list<napi_value>{e.Value()});
+  }
+}
+
+inline void AsyncWorker::SetError(const std::string& error) {
+  _error = error;
+}
+
+inline std::vector<napi_value> AsyncWorker::GetResult(Napi::Env /*env*/) {
+  return {};
+}
+// The OnAsyncWorkExecute method receives an napi_env argument. However, do NOT
+// use it within this method, as it does not run on the JavaScript thread and
+// must not run any method that would cause JavaScript to run. In practice,
+// this means that almost any use of napi_env will be incorrect.
+inline void AsyncWorker::OnAsyncWorkExecute(napi_env env, void* asyncworker) {
+  AsyncWorker* self = static_cast<AsyncWorker*>(asyncworker);
+  self->OnExecute(env);
+}
+// The OnExecute method receives an napi_env argument. However, do NOT
+// use it within this method, as it does not run on the JavaScript thread and
+// must not run any method that would cause JavaScript to run. In practice,
+// this means that almost any use of napi_env will be incorrect.
+inline void AsyncWorker::OnExecute(Napi::Env /*DO_NOT_USE*/) {
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+  try {
+    Execute();
+  } catch (const std::exception& e) {
+    SetError(e.what());
+  }
+#else   // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+  Execute();
+#endif  // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+}
+
+inline void AsyncWorker::OnAsyncWorkComplete(napi_env env,
+                                             napi_status status,
+                                             void* asyncworker) {
+  AsyncWorker* self = static_cast<AsyncWorker*>(asyncworker);
+  self->OnWorkComplete(env, status);
+}
+inline void AsyncWorker::OnWorkComplete(Napi::Env /*env*/, napi_status status) {
+  if (status != napi_cancelled) {
+    HandleScope scope(_env);
+    details::WrapCallback([&] {
+      if (_error.size() == 0) {
+        OnOK();
+      } else {
+        OnError(Error::New(_env, _error));
+      }
+      return nullptr;
+    });
+  }
+  if (!_suppress_destruct) {
+    Destroy();
+  }
+}
+
+#endif  // NAPI_HAS_THREADS
+
+#if (NAPI_VERSION > 3 && NAPI_HAS_THREADS)
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType,DataType,CallJs> class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Starting with NAPI 5, the JavaScript function `func` parameter of
+// `napi_create_threadsafe_function` is optional.
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 4
+// static, with Callback [missing] Resource [missing] Finalizer [missing]
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+template <typename ResourceString>
+inline TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::New(
+    napi_env env,
+    ResourceString resourceName,
+    size_t maxQueueSize,
+    size_t initialThreadCount,
+    ContextType* context) {
+  TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> tsfn;
+
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_create_threadsafe_function(env,
+                                      nullptr,
+                                      nullptr,
+                                      String::From(env, resourceName),
+                                      maxQueueSize,
+                                      initialThreadCount,
+                                      nullptr,
+                                      nullptr,
+                                      context,
+                                      CallJsInternal,
+                                      &tsfn._tsfn);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(
+        env, status, TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>());
+  }
+
+  return tsfn;
+}
+
+// static, with Callback [missing] Resource [passed] Finalizer [missing]
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+template <typename ResourceString>
+inline TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::New(
+    napi_env env,
+    const Object& resource,
+    ResourceString resourceName,
+    size_t maxQueueSize,
+    size_t initialThreadCount,
+    ContextType* context) {
+  TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> tsfn;
+
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_create_threadsafe_function(env,
+                                      nullptr,
+                                      resource,
+                                      String::From(env, resourceName),
+                                      maxQueueSize,
+                                      initialThreadCount,
+                                      nullptr,
+                                      nullptr,
+                                      context,
+                                      CallJsInternal,
+                                      &tsfn._tsfn);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(
+        env, status, TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>());
+  }
+
+  return tsfn;
+}
+
+// static, with Callback [missing] Resource [missing] Finalizer [passed]
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+template <typename ResourceString,
+          typename Finalizer,
+          typename FinalizerDataType>
+inline TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::New(
+    napi_env env,
+    ResourceString resourceName,
+    size_t maxQueueSize,
+    size_t initialThreadCount,
+    ContextType* context,
+    Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+    FinalizerDataType* data) {
+  TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> tsfn;
+
+  auto* finalizeData = new details::
+      ThreadSafeFinalize<ContextType, Finalizer, FinalizerDataType>(
+          {data, finalizeCallback});
+  napi_status status = napi_create_threadsafe_function(
+      env,
+      nullptr,
+      nullptr,
+      String::From(env, resourceName),
+      maxQueueSize,
+      initialThreadCount,
+      finalizeData,
+      details::ThreadSafeFinalize<ContextType, Finalizer, FinalizerDataType>::
+          FinalizeFinalizeWrapperWithDataAndContext,
+      context,
+      CallJsInternal,
+      &tsfn._tsfn);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete finalizeData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(
+        env, status, TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>());
+  }
+
+  return tsfn;
+}
+
+// static, with Callback [missing] Resource [passed] Finalizer [passed]
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+template <typename ResourceString,
+          typename Finalizer,
+          typename FinalizerDataType>
+inline TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::New(
+    napi_env env,
+    const Object& resource,
+    ResourceString resourceName,
+    size_t maxQueueSize,
+    size_t initialThreadCount,
+    ContextType* context,
+    Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+    FinalizerDataType* data) {
+  TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> tsfn;
+
+  auto* finalizeData = new details::
+      ThreadSafeFinalize<ContextType, Finalizer, FinalizerDataType>(
+          {data, finalizeCallback});
+  napi_status status = napi_create_threadsafe_function(
+      env,
+      nullptr,
+      resource,
+      String::From(env, resourceName),
+      maxQueueSize,
+      initialThreadCount,
+      finalizeData,
+      details::ThreadSafeFinalize<ContextType, Finalizer, FinalizerDataType>::
+          FinalizeFinalizeWrapperWithDataAndContext,
+      context,
+      CallJsInternal,
+      &tsfn._tsfn);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete finalizeData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(
+        env, status, TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>());
+  }
+
+  return tsfn;
+}
+#endif
+
+// static, with Callback [passed] Resource [missing] Finalizer [missing]
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+template <typename ResourceString>
+inline TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::New(
+    napi_env env,
+    const Function& callback,
+    ResourceString resourceName,
+    size_t maxQueueSize,
+    size_t initialThreadCount,
+    ContextType* context) {
+  TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> tsfn;
+
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_create_threadsafe_function(env,
+                                      callback,
+                                      nullptr,
+                                      String::From(env, resourceName),
+                                      maxQueueSize,
+                                      initialThreadCount,
+                                      nullptr,
+                                      nullptr,
+                                      context,
+                                      CallJsInternal,
+                                      &tsfn._tsfn);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(
+        env, status, TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>());
+  }
+
+  return tsfn;
+}
+
+// static, with Callback [passed] Resource [passed] Finalizer [missing]
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+template <typename ResourceString>
+inline TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::New(
+    napi_env env,
+    const Function& callback,
+    const Object& resource,
+    ResourceString resourceName,
+    size_t maxQueueSize,
+    size_t initialThreadCount,
+    ContextType* context) {
+  TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> tsfn;
+
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_create_threadsafe_function(env,
+                                      callback,
+                                      resource,
+                                      String::From(env, resourceName),
+                                      maxQueueSize,
+                                      initialThreadCount,
+                                      nullptr,
+                                      nullptr,
+                                      context,
+                                      CallJsInternal,
+                                      &tsfn._tsfn);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(
+        env, status, TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>());
+  }
+
+  return tsfn;
+}
+
+// static, with Callback [passed] Resource [missing] Finalizer [passed]
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+template <typename ResourceString,
+          typename Finalizer,
+          typename FinalizerDataType>
+inline TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::New(
+    napi_env env,
+    const Function& callback,
+    ResourceString resourceName,
+    size_t maxQueueSize,
+    size_t initialThreadCount,
+    ContextType* context,
+    Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+    FinalizerDataType* data) {
+  TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> tsfn;
+
+  auto* finalizeData = new details::
+      ThreadSafeFinalize<ContextType, Finalizer, FinalizerDataType>(
+          {data, finalizeCallback});
+  napi_status status = napi_create_threadsafe_function(
+      env,
+      callback,
+      nullptr,
+      String::From(env, resourceName),
+      maxQueueSize,
+      initialThreadCount,
+      finalizeData,
+      details::ThreadSafeFinalize<ContextType, Finalizer, FinalizerDataType>::
+          FinalizeFinalizeWrapperWithDataAndContext,
+      context,
+      CallJsInternal,
+      &tsfn._tsfn);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete finalizeData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(
+        env, status, TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>());
+  }
+
+  return tsfn;
+}
+
+// static, with: Callback [passed] Resource [passed] Finalizer [passed]
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+template <typename CallbackType,
+          typename ResourceString,
+          typename Finalizer,
+          typename FinalizerDataType>
+inline TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::New(
+    napi_env env,
+    CallbackType callback,
+    const Object& resource,
+    ResourceString resourceName,
+    size_t maxQueueSize,
+    size_t initialThreadCount,
+    ContextType* context,
+    Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+    FinalizerDataType* data) {
+  TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> tsfn;
+
+  auto* finalizeData = new details::
+      ThreadSafeFinalize<ContextType, Finalizer, FinalizerDataType>(
+          {data, finalizeCallback});
+  napi_status status = napi_create_threadsafe_function(
+      env,
+      details::DefaultCallbackWrapper<
+          CallbackType,
+          TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>>(env,
+                                                                  callback),
+      resource,
+      String::From(env, resourceName),
+      maxQueueSize,
+      initialThreadCount,
+      finalizeData,
+      details::ThreadSafeFinalize<ContextType, Finalizer, FinalizerDataType>::
+          FinalizeFinalizeWrapperWithDataAndContext,
+      context,
+      CallJsInternal,
+      &tsfn._tsfn);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete finalizeData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(
+        env, status, TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>());
+  }
+
+  return tsfn;
+}
+
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+inline TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::
+    TypedThreadSafeFunction()
+    : _tsfn() {}
+
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+inline TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::
+    TypedThreadSafeFunction(napi_threadsafe_function tsfn)
+    : _tsfn(tsfn) {}
+
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+inline TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::
+operator napi_threadsafe_function() const {
+  return _tsfn;
+}
+
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+inline napi_status
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::BlockingCall(
+    DataType* data) const {
+  return napi_call_threadsafe_function(_tsfn, data, napi_tsfn_blocking);
+}
+
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+inline napi_status
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::NonBlockingCall(
+    DataType* data) const {
+  return napi_call_threadsafe_function(_tsfn, data, napi_tsfn_nonblocking);
+}
+
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+inline void TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::Ref(
+    napi_env env) const {
+  if (_tsfn != nullptr) {
+    napi_status status = napi_ref_threadsafe_function(env, _tsfn);
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(env, status);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+inline void TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::Unref(
+    napi_env env) const {
+  if (_tsfn != nullptr) {
+    napi_status status = napi_unref_threadsafe_function(env, _tsfn);
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(env, status);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+inline napi_status
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::Acquire() const {
+  return napi_acquire_threadsafe_function(_tsfn);
+}
+
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+inline napi_status
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::Release() const {
+  return napi_release_threadsafe_function(_tsfn, napi_tsfn_release);
+}
+
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+inline napi_status
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::Abort() const {
+  return napi_release_threadsafe_function(_tsfn, napi_tsfn_abort);
+}
+
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+inline ContextType*
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::GetContext() const {
+  void* context;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_threadsafe_function_context(_tsfn, &context);
+  NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(status,
+                       "TypedThreadSafeFunction::GetContext",
+                       "napi_get_threadsafe_function_context");
+  return static_cast<ContextType*>(context);
+}
+
+// static
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+void TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::CallJsInternal(
+    napi_env env, napi_value jsCallback, void* context, void* data) {
+  details::CallJsWrapper<ContextType, DataType, decltype(CallJs), CallJs>(
+      env, jsCallback, context, data);
+}
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION == 4
+// static
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+Napi::Function
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::EmptyFunctionFactory(
+    Napi::Env env) {
+  return Napi::Function::New(env, [](const CallbackInfo& cb) {});
+}
+
+// static
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+Napi::Function
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::FunctionOrEmpty(
+    Napi::Env env, Napi::Function& callback) {
+  if (callback.IsEmpty()) {
+    return EmptyFunctionFactory(env);
+  }
+  return callback;
+}
+
+#else
+// static
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+std::nullptr_t
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::EmptyFunctionFactory(
+    Napi::Env /*env*/) {
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+// static
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+Napi::Function
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::FunctionOrEmpty(
+    Napi::Env /*env*/, Napi::Function& callback) {
+  return callback;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ThreadSafeFunction class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// static
+template <typename ResourceString>
+inline ThreadSafeFunction ThreadSafeFunction::New(napi_env env,
+                                                  const Function& callback,
+                                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                                  size_t initialThreadCount) {
+  return New(
+      env, callback, Object(), resourceName, maxQueueSize, initialThreadCount);
+}
+
+// static
+template <typename ResourceString, typename ContextType>
+inline ThreadSafeFunction ThreadSafeFunction::New(napi_env env,
+                                                  const Function& callback,
+                                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                                  ContextType* context) {
+  return New(env,
+             callback,
+             Object(),
+             resourceName,
+             maxQueueSize,
+             initialThreadCount,
+             context);
+}
+
+// static
+template <typename ResourceString, typename Finalizer>
+inline ThreadSafeFunction ThreadSafeFunction::New(napi_env env,
+                                                  const Function& callback,
+                                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback) {
+  return New(env,
+             callback,
+             Object(),
+             resourceName,
+             maxQueueSize,
+             initialThreadCount,
+             finalizeCallback);
+}
+
+// static
+template <typename ResourceString,
+          typename Finalizer,
+          typename FinalizerDataType>
+inline ThreadSafeFunction ThreadSafeFunction::New(napi_env env,
+                                                  const Function& callback,
+                                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                                  FinalizerDataType* data) {
+  return New(env,
+             callback,
+             Object(),
+             resourceName,
+             maxQueueSize,
+             initialThreadCount,
+             finalizeCallback,
+             data);
+}
+
+// static
+template <typename ResourceString, typename ContextType, typename Finalizer>
+inline ThreadSafeFunction ThreadSafeFunction::New(napi_env env,
+                                                  const Function& callback,
+                                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                                  ContextType* context,
+                                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback) {
+  return New(env,
+             callback,
+             Object(),
+             resourceName,
+             maxQueueSize,
+             initialThreadCount,
+             context,
+             finalizeCallback);
+}
+
+// static
+template <typename ResourceString,
+          typename ContextType,
+          typename Finalizer,
+          typename FinalizerDataType>
+inline ThreadSafeFunction ThreadSafeFunction::New(napi_env env,
+                                                  const Function& callback,
+                                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                                  ContextType* context,
+                                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                                  FinalizerDataType* data) {
+  return New(env,
+             callback,
+             Object(),
+             resourceName,
+             maxQueueSize,
+             initialThreadCount,
+             context,
+             finalizeCallback,
+             data);
+}
+
+// static
+template <typename ResourceString>
+inline ThreadSafeFunction ThreadSafeFunction::New(napi_env env,
+                                                  const Function& callback,
+                                                  const Object& resource,
+                                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                                  size_t initialThreadCount) {
+  return New(env,
+             callback,
+             resource,
+             resourceName,
+             maxQueueSize,
+             initialThreadCount,
+             static_cast<void*>(nullptr) /* context */);
+}
+
+// static
+template <typename ResourceString, typename ContextType>
+inline ThreadSafeFunction ThreadSafeFunction::New(napi_env env,
+                                                  const Function& callback,
+                                                  const Object& resource,
+                                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                                  ContextType* context) {
+  return New(env,
+             callback,
+             resource,
+             resourceName,
+             maxQueueSize,
+             initialThreadCount,
+             context,
+             [](Env, ContextType*) {} /* empty finalizer */);
+}
+
+// static
+template <typename ResourceString, typename Finalizer>
+inline ThreadSafeFunction ThreadSafeFunction::New(napi_env env,
+                                                  const Function& callback,
+                                                  const Object& resource,
+                                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback) {
+  return New(env,
+             callback,
+             resource,
+             resourceName,
+             maxQueueSize,
+             initialThreadCount,
+             static_cast<void*>(nullptr) /* context */,
+             finalizeCallback,
+             static_cast<void*>(nullptr) /* data */,
+             details::ThreadSafeFinalize<void, Finalizer>::Wrapper);
+}
+
+// static
+template <typename ResourceString,
+          typename Finalizer,
+          typename FinalizerDataType>
+inline ThreadSafeFunction ThreadSafeFunction::New(napi_env env,
+                                                  const Function& callback,
+                                                  const Object& resource,
+                                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                                  FinalizerDataType* data) {
+  return New(env,
+             callback,
+             resource,
+             resourceName,
+             maxQueueSize,
+             initialThreadCount,
+             static_cast<void*>(nullptr) /* context */,
+             finalizeCallback,
+             data,
+             details::ThreadSafeFinalize<void, Finalizer, FinalizerDataType>::
+                 FinalizeWrapperWithData);
+}
+
+// static
+template <typename ResourceString, typename ContextType, typename Finalizer>
+inline ThreadSafeFunction ThreadSafeFunction::New(napi_env env,
+                                                  const Function& callback,
+                                                  const Object& resource,
+                                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                                  ContextType* context,
+                                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback) {
+  return New(
+      env,
+      callback,
+      resource,
+      resourceName,
+      maxQueueSize,
+      initialThreadCount,
+      context,
+      finalizeCallback,
+      static_cast<void*>(nullptr) /* data */,
+      details::ThreadSafeFinalize<ContextType,
+                                  Finalizer>::FinalizeWrapperWithContext);
+}
+
+// static
+template <typename ResourceString,
+          typename ContextType,
+          typename Finalizer,
+          typename FinalizerDataType>
+inline ThreadSafeFunction ThreadSafeFunction::New(napi_env env,
+                                                  const Function& callback,
+                                                  const Object& resource,
+                                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                                  ContextType* context,
+                                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                                  FinalizerDataType* data) {
+  return New(
+      env,
+      callback,
+      resource,
+      resourceName,
+      maxQueueSize,
+      initialThreadCount,
+      context,
+      finalizeCallback,
+      data,
+      details::ThreadSafeFinalize<ContextType, Finalizer, FinalizerDataType>::
+          FinalizeFinalizeWrapperWithDataAndContext);
+}
+
+inline ThreadSafeFunction::ThreadSafeFunction() : _tsfn() {}
+
+inline ThreadSafeFunction::ThreadSafeFunction(napi_threadsafe_function tsfn)
+    : _tsfn(tsfn) {}
+
+inline ThreadSafeFunction::operator napi_threadsafe_function() const {
+  return _tsfn;
+}
+
+inline napi_status ThreadSafeFunction::BlockingCall() const {
+  return CallInternal(nullptr, napi_tsfn_blocking);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline napi_status ThreadSafeFunction::BlockingCall(void* data) const {
+  return napi_call_threadsafe_function(_tsfn, data, napi_tsfn_blocking);
+}
+
+template <typename Callback>
+inline napi_status ThreadSafeFunction::BlockingCall(Callback callback) const {
+  return CallInternal(new CallbackWrapper(callback), napi_tsfn_blocking);
+}
+
+template <typename DataType, typename Callback>
+inline napi_status ThreadSafeFunction::BlockingCall(DataType* data,
+                                                    Callback callback) const {
+  auto wrapper = [data, callback](Env env, Function jsCallback) {
+    callback(env, jsCallback, data);
+  };
+  return CallInternal(new CallbackWrapper(wrapper), napi_tsfn_blocking);
+}
+
+inline napi_status ThreadSafeFunction::NonBlockingCall() const {
+  return CallInternal(nullptr, napi_tsfn_nonblocking);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline napi_status ThreadSafeFunction::NonBlockingCall(void* data) const {
+  return napi_call_threadsafe_function(_tsfn, data, napi_tsfn_nonblocking);
+}
+
+template <typename Callback>
+inline napi_status ThreadSafeFunction::NonBlockingCall(
+    Callback callback) const {
+  return CallInternal(new CallbackWrapper(callback), napi_tsfn_nonblocking);
+}
+
+template <typename DataType, typename Callback>
+inline napi_status ThreadSafeFunction::NonBlockingCall(
+    DataType* data, Callback callback) const {
+  auto wrapper = [data, callback](Env env, Function jsCallback) {
+    callback(env, jsCallback, data);
+  };
+  return CallInternal(new CallbackWrapper(wrapper), napi_tsfn_nonblocking);
+}
+
+inline void ThreadSafeFunction::Ref(napi_env env) const {
+  if (_tsfn != nullptr) {
+    napi_status status = napi_ref_threadsafe_function(env, _tsfn);
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(env, status);
+  }
+}
+
+inline void ThreadSafeFunction::Unref(napi_env env) const {
+  if (_tsfn != nullptr) {
+    napi_status status = napi_unref_threadsafe_function(env, _tsfn);
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(env, status);
+  }
+}
+
+inline napi_status ThreadSafeFunction::Acquire() const {
+  return napi_acquire_threadsafe_function(_tsfn);
+}
+
+inline napi_status ThreadSafeFunction::Release() const {
+  return napi_release_threadsafe_function(_tsfn, napi_tsfn_release);
+}
+
+inline napi_status ThreadSafeFunction::Abort() const {
+  return napi_release_threadsafe_function(_tsfn, napi_tsfn_abort);
+}
+
+inline ThreadSafeFunction::ConvertibleContext ThreadSafeFunction::GetContext()
+    const {
+  void* context;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_threadsafe_function_context(_tsfn, &context);
+  NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(status,
+                       "ThreadSafeFunction::GetContext",
+                       "napi_get_threadsafe_function_context");
+  return ConvertibleContext({context});
+}
+
+// static
+template <typename ResourceString,
+          typename ContextType,
+          typename Finalizer,
+          typename FinalizerDataType>
+inline ThreadSafeFunction ThreadSafeFunction::New(napi_env env,
+                                                  const Function& callback,
+                                                  const Object& resource,
+                                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                                  ContextType* context,
+                                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                                  FinalizerDataType* data,
+                                                  napi_finalize wrapper) {
+  static_assert(details::can_make_string<ResourceString>::value ||
+                    std::is_convertible<ResourceString, napi_value>::value,
+                "Resource name should be convertible to the string type");
+
+  ThreadSafeFunction tsfn;
+  auto* finalizeData = new details::
+      ThreadSafeFinalize<ContextType, Finalizer, FinalizerDataType>(
+          {data, finalizeCallback});
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_create_threadsafe_function(env,
+                                      callback,
+                                      resource,
+                                      Value::From(env, resourceName),
+                                      maxQueueSize,
+                                      initialThreadCount,
+                                      finalizeData,
+                                      wrapper,
+                                      context,
+                                      CallJS,
+                                      &tsfn._tsfn);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete finalizeData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, ThreadSafeFunction());
+  }
+
+  return tsfn;
+}
+
+inline napi_status ThreadSafeFunction::CallInternal(
+    CallbackWrapper* callbackWrapper,
+    napi_threadsafe_function_call_mode mode) const {
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_call_threadsafe_function(_tsfn, callbackWrapper, mode);
+  if (status != napi_ok && callbackWrapper != nullptr) {
+    delete callbackWrapper;
+  }
+
+  return status;
+}
+
+// static
+inline void ThreadSafeFunction::CallJS(napi_env env,
+                                       napi_value jsCallback,
+                                       void* /* context */,
+                                       void* data) {
+  if (env == nullptr && jsCallback == nullptr) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (data != nullptr) {
+    auto* callbackWrapper = static_cast<CallbackWrapper*>(data);
+    (*callbackWrapper)(env, Function(env, jsCallback));
+    delete callbackWrapper;
+  } else if (jsCallback != nullptr) {
+    Function(env, jsCallback).Call({});
+  }
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Async Progress Worker Base class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+template <typename DataType>
+inline AsyncProgressWorkerBase<DataType>::AsyncProgressWorkerBase(
+    const Object& receiver,
+    const Function& callback,
+    const char* resource_name,
+    const Object& resource,
+    size_t queue_size)
+    : AsyncWorker(receiver, callback, resource_name, resource) {
+  // Fill all possible arguments to work around ambiguous
+  // ThreadSafeFunction::New signatures.
+  _tsfn = ThreadSafeFunction::New(callback.Env(),
+                                  callback,
+                                  resource,
+                                  resource_name,
+                                  queue_size,
+                                  /** initialThreadCount */ 1,
+                                  /** context */ this,
+                                  OnThreadSafeFunctionFinalize,
+                                  /** finalizeData */ this);
+}
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 4
+template <typename DataType>
+inline AsyncProgressWorkerBase<DataType>::AsyncProgressWorkerBase(
+    Napi::Env env,
+    const char* resource_name,
+    const Object& resource,
+    size_t queue_size)
+    : AsyncWorker(env, resource_name, resource) {
+  // TODO: Once the changes to make the callback optional for threadsafe
+  // functions are available on all versions we can remove the dummy Function
+  // here.
+  Function callback;
+  // Fill all possible arguments to work around ambiguous
+  // ThreadSafeFunction::New signatures.
+  _tsfn = ThreadSafeFunction::New(env,
+                                  callback,
+                                  resource,
+                                  resource_name,
+                                  queue_size,
+                                  /** initialThreadCount */ 1,
+                                  /** context */ this,
+                                  OnThreadSafeFunctionFinalize,
+                                  /** finalizeData */ this);
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename DataType>
+inline AsyncProgressWorkerBase<DataType>::~AsyncProgressWorkerBase() {
+  // Abort pending tsfn call.
+  // Don't send progress events after we've already completed.
+  // It's ok to call ThreadSafeFunction::Abort and ThreadSafeFunction::Release
+  // duplicated.
+  _tsfn.Abort();
+}
+
+template <typename DataType>
+inline void AsyncProgressWorkerBase<DataType>::OnAsyncWorkProgress(
+    Napi::Env /* env */, Napi::Function /* jsCallback */, void* data) {
+  ThreadSafeData* tsd = static_cast<ThreadSafeData*>(data);
+  tsd->asyncprogressworker()->OnWorkProgress(tsd->data());
+  delete tsd;
+}
+
+template <typename DataType>
+inline napi_status AsyncProgressWorkerBase<DataType>::NonBlockingCall(
+    DataType* data) {
+  auto tsd = new AsyncProgressWorkerBase::ThreadSafeData(this, data);
+  auto ret = _tsfn.NonBlockingCall(tsd, OnAsyncWorkProgress);
+  if (ret != napi_ok) {
+    delete tsd;
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+template <typename DataType>
+inline void AsyncProgressWorkerBase<DataType>::OnWorkComplete(
+    Napi::Env /* env */, napi_status status) {
+  _work_completed = true;
+  _complete_status = status;
+  _tsfn.Release();
+}
+
+template <typename DataType>
+inline void AsyncProgressWorkerBase<DataType>::OnThreadSafeFunctionFinalize(
+    Napi::Env env, void* /* data */, AsyncProgressWorkerBase* context) {
+  if (context->_work_completed) {
+    context->AsyncWorker::OnWorkComplete(env, context->_complete_status);
+  }
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Async Progress Worker class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+template <class T>
+inline AsyncProgressWorker<T>::AsyncProgressWorker(const Function& callback)
+    : AsyncProgressWorker(callback, "generic") {}
+
+template <class T>
+inline AsyncProgressWorker<T>::AsyncProgressWorker(const Function& callback,
+                                                   const char* resource_name)
+    : AsyncProgressWorker(
+          callback, resource_name, Object::New(callback.Env())) {}
+
+template <class T>
+inline AsyncProgressWorker<T>::AsyncProgressWorker(const Function& callback,
+                                                   const char* resource_name,
+                                                   const Object& resource)
+    : AsyncProgressWorker(
+          Object::New(callback.Env()), callback, resource_name, resource) {}
+
+template <class T>
+inline AsyncProgressWorker<T>::AsyncProgressWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                                                   const Function& callback)
+    : AsyncProgressWorker(receiver, callback, "generic") {}
+
+template <class T>
+inline AsyncProgressWorker<T>::AsyncProgressWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                                                   const Function& callback,
+                                                   const char* resource_name)
+    : AsyncProgressWorker(
+          receiver, callback, resource_name, Object::New(callback.Env())) {}
+
+template <class T>
+inline AsyncProgressWorker<T>::AsyncProgressWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                                                   const Function& callback,
+                                                   const char* resource_name,
+                                                   const Object& resource)
+    : AsyncProgressWorkerBase(receiver, callback, resource_name, resource),
+      _asyncdata(nullptr),
+      _asyncsize(0),
+      _signaled(false) {}
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 4
+template <class T>
+inline AsyncProgressWorker<T>::AsyncProgressWorker(Napi::Env env)
+    : AsyncProgressWorker(env, "generic") {}
+
+template <class T>
+inline AsyncProgressWorker<T>::AsyncProgressWorker(Napi::Env env,
+                                                   const char* resource_name)
+    : AsyncProgressWorker(env, resource_name, Object::New(env)) {}
+
+template <class T>
+inline AsyncProgressWorker<T>::AsyncProgressWorker(Napi::Env env,
+                                                   const char* resource_name,
+                                                   const Object& resource)
+    : AsyncProgressWorkerBase(env, resource_name, resource),
+      _asyncdata(nullptr),
+      _asyncsize(0) {}
+#endif
+
+template <class T>
+inline AsyncProgressWorker<T>::~AsyncProgressWorker() {
+  {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(this->_mutex);
+    _asyncdata = nullptr;
+    _asyncsize = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline void AsyncProgressWorker<T>::Execute() {
+  ExecutionProgress progress(this);
+  Execute(progress);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline void AsyncProgressWorker<T>::OnWorkProgress(void*) {
+  T* data;
+  size_t size;
+  bool signaled;
+  {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(this->_mutex);
+    data = this->_asyncdata;
+    size = this->_asyncsize;
+    signaled = this->_signaled;
+    this->_asyncdata = nullptr;
+    this->_asyncsize = 0;
+    this->_signaled = false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The callback of ThreadSafeFunction is not been invoked immediately on the
+   * callback of uv_async_t (uv io poll), rather the callback of TSFN is
+   * invoked on the right next uv idle callback. There are chances that during
+   * the deferring the signal of uv_async_t is been sent again, i.e. potential
+   * not coalesced two calls of the TSFN callback.
+   */
+  if (data == nullptr && !signaled) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  this->OnProgress(data, size);
+  delete[] data;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline void AsyncProgressWorker<T>::SendProgress_(const T* data, size_t count) {
+  T* new_data = new T[count];
+  std::copy(data, data + count, new_data);
+
+  T* old_data;
+  {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(this->_mutex);
+    old_data = _asyncdata;
+    _asyncdata = new_data;
+    _asyncsize = count;
+    _signaled = false;
+  }
+  this->NonBlockingCall(nullptr);
+
+  delete[] old_data;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline void AsyncProgressWorker<T>::Signal() {
+  {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(this->_mutex);
+    _signaled = true;
+  }
+  this->NonBlockingCall(static_cast<T*>(nullptr));
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline void AsyncProgressWorker<T>::ExecutionProgress::Signal() const {
+  this->_worker->Signal();
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline void AsyncProgressWorker<T>::ExecutionProgress::Send(
+    const T* data, size_t count) const {
+  _worker->SendProgress_(data, count);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Async Progress Queue Worker class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+template <class T>
+inline AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::AsyncProgressQueueWorker(
+    const Function& callback)
+    : AsyncProgressQueueWorker(callback, "generic") {}
+
+template <class T>
+inline AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::AsyncProgressQueueWorker(
+    const Function& callback, const char* resource_name)
+    : AsyncProgressQueueWorker(
+          callback, resource_name, Object::New(callback.Env())) {}
+
+template <class T>
+inline AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::AsyncProgressQueueWorker(
+    const Function& callback, const char* resource_name, const Object& resource)
+    : AsyncProgressQueueWorker(
+          Object::New(callback.Env()), callback, resource_name, resource) {}
+
+template <class T>
+inline AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::AsyncProgressQueueWorker(
+    const Object& receiver, const Function& callback)
+    : AsyncProgressQueueWorker(receiver, callback, "generic") {}
+
+template <class T>
+inline AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::AsyncProgressQueueWorker(
+    const Object& receiver, const Function& callback, const char* resource_name)
+    : AsyncProgressQueueWorker(
+          receiver, callback, resource_name, Object::New(callback.Env())) {}
+
+template <class T>
+inline AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::AsyncProgressQueueWorker(
+    const Object& receiver,
+    const Function& callback,
+    const char* resource_name,
+    const Object& resource)
+    : AsyncProgressWorkerBase<std::pair<T*, size_t>>(
+          receiver,
+          callback,
+          resource_name,
+          resource,
+          /** unlimited queue size */ 0) {}
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 4
+template <class T>
+inline AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::AsyncProgressQueueWorker(Napi::Env env)
+    : AsyncProgressQueueWorker(env, "generic") {}
+
+template <class T>
+inline AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::AsyncProgressQueueWorker(
+    Napi::Env env, const char* resource_name)
+    : AsyncProgressQueueWorker(env, resource_name, Object::New(env)) {}
+
+template <class T>
+inline AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::AsyncProgressQueueWorker(
+    Napi::Env env, const char* resource_name, const Object& resource)
+    : AsyncProgressWorkerBase<std::pair<T*, size_t>>(
+          env, resource_name, resource, /** unlimited queue size */ 0) {}
+#endif
+
+template <class T>
+inline void AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::Execute() {
+  ExecutionProgress progress(this);
+  Execute(progress);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline void AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::OnWorkProgress(
+    std::pair<T*, size_t>* datapair) {
+  if (datapair == nullptr) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  T* data = datapair->first;
+  size_t size = datapair->second;
+
+  this->OnProgress(data, size);
+  delete datapair;
+  delete[] data;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline void AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::SendProgress_(const T* data,
+                                                       size_t count) {
+  T* new_data = new T[count];
+  std::copy(data, data + count, new_data);
+
+  auto pair = new std::pair<T*, size_t>(new_data, count);
+  this->NonBlockingCall(pair);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline void AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::Signal() const {
+  this->SendProgress_(static_cast<T*>(nullptr), 0);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline void AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::OnWorkComplete(Napi::Env env,
+                                                        napi_status status) {
+  // Draining queued items in TSFN.
+  AsyncProgressWorkerBase<std::pair<T*, size_t>>::OnWorkComplete(env, status);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline void AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::ExecutionProgress::Signal() const {
+  _worker->SendProgress_(static_cast<T*>(nullptr), 0);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline void AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::ExecutionProgress::Send(
+    const T* data, size_t count) const {
+  _worker->SendProgress_(data, count);
+}
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 3 && NAPI_HAS_THREADS
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Memory Management class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline int64_t MemoryManagement::AdjustExternalMemory(Env env,
+                                                      int64_t change_in_bytes) {
+  int64_t result;
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_adjust_external_memory(env, change_in_bytes, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, 0);
+  return result;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Version Management class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline uint32_t VersionManagement::GetNapiVersion(Env env) {
+  uint32_t result;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_version(env, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, 0);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline const napi_node_version* VersionManagement::GetNodeVersion(Env env) {
+  const napi_node_version* result;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_node_version(env, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, 0);
+  return result;
+}
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Addon<T> class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Object Addon<T>::Init(Env env, Object exports) {
+  T* addon = new T(env, exports);
+  env.SetInstanceData(addon);
+  return addon->entry_point_;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T* Addon<T>::Unwrap(Object wrapper) {
+  return wrapper.Env().GetInstanceData<T>();
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline void Addon<T>::DefineAddon(
+    Object exports, const std::initializer_list<AddonProp>& props) {
+  DefineProperties(exports, props);
+  entry_point_ = exports;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Napi::Object Addon<T>::DefineProperties(
+    Object object, const std::initializer_list<AddonProp>& props) {
+  const napi_property_descriptor* properties =
+      reinterpret_cast<const napi_property_descriptor*>(props.begin());
+  size_t size = props.size();
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_define_properties(object.Env(), object, size, properties);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(object.Env(), status, object);
+  for (size_t idx = 0; idx < size; idx++)
+    T::AttachPropData(object.Env(), object, &properties[idx]);
+  return object;
+}
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 2
+template <typename Hook, typename Arg>
+Env::CleanupHook<Hook, Arg> Env::AddCleanupHook(Hook hook, Arg* arg) {
+  return CleanupHook<Hook, Arg>(*this, hook, arg);
+}
+
+template <typename Hook>
+Env::CleanupHook<Hook> Env::AddCleanupHook(Hook hook) {
+  return CleanupHook<Hook>(*this, hook);
+}
+
+template <typename Hook, typename Arg>
+Env::CleanupHook<Hook, Arg>::CleanupHook() {
+  data = nullptr;
+}
+
+template <typename Hook, typename Arg>
+Env::CleanupHook<Hook, Arg>::CleanupHook(Napi::Env env, Hook hook)
+    : wrapper(Env::CleanupHook<Hook, Arg>::Wrapper) {
+  data = new CleanupData{std::move(hook), nullptr};
+  napi_status status = napi_add_env_cleanup_hook(env, wrapper, data);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete data;
+    data = nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Hook, typename Arg>
+Env::CleanupHook<Hook, Arg>::CleanupHook(Napi::Env env, Hook hook, Arg* arg)
+    : wrapper(Env::CleanupHook<Hook, Arg>::WrapperWithArg) {
+  data = new CleanupData{std::move(hook), arg};
+  napi_status status = napi_add_env_cleanup_hook(env, wrapper, data);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete data;
+    data = nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+template <class Hook, class Arg>
+bool Env::CleanupHook<Hook, Arg>::Remove(Env env) {
+  napi_status status = napi_remove_env_cleanup_hook(env, wrapper, data);
+  delete data;
+  data = nullptr;
+  return status == napi_ok;
+}
+
+template <class Hook, class Arg>
+bool Env::CleanupHook<Hook, Arg>::IsEmpty() const {
+  return data == nullptr;
+}
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 2
+
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_CUSTOM_NAMESPACE
+}  // namespace NAPI_CPP_CUSTOM_NAMESPACE
+#endif
+
+}  // namespace Napi
+
+#endif  // SRC_NAPI_INL_H_
diff --git a/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/napi/napi.h b/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/napi/napi.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f3119d7d14a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/native/cocos/platform/openharmony/napi/napi.h
@@ -0,0 +1,3191 @@
+#ifndef SRC_NAPI_H_
+#define SRC_NAPI_H_
+
+#ifndef NAPI_HAS_THREADS
+#if !defined(__wasm__) || (defined(__EMSCRIPTEN_PTHREADS__) ||                 \
+                           (defined(__wasi__) && defined(_REENTRANT)))
+#define NAPI_HAS_THREADS 1
+#else
+#define NAPI_HAS_THREADS 0
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#include <node_api.h>
+#include <functional>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <memory>
+#if NAPI_HAS_THREADS
+#include <mutex>
+#endif  // NAPI_HAS_THREADS
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+// VS2015 RTM has bugs with constexpr, so require min of VS2015 Update 3 (known
+// good version)
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_FULL_VER >= 190024210
+#define NAPI_HAS_CONSTEXPR 1
+#endif
+
+// VS2013 does not support char16_t literal strings, so we'll work around it
+// using wchar_t strings and casting them. This is safe as long as the character
+// sizes are the same.
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1800
+static_assert(sizeof(char16_t) == sizeof(wchar_t),
+              "Size mismatch between char16_t and wchar_t");
+#define NAPI_WIDE_TEXT(x) reinterpret_cast<char16_t*>(L##x)
+#else
+#define NAPI_WIDE_TEXT(x) u##x
+#endif
+
+// If C++ exceptions are not explicitly enabled or disabled, enable them
+// if exceptions were enabled in the compiler settings.
+#if !defined(NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS) && !defined(NAPI_DISABLE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS)
+#if defined(_CPPUNWIND) || defined(__EXCEPTIONS)
+#define NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+#else
+#error Exception support not detected. \
+      Define either NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS or NAPI_DISABLE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS.
+#endif
+#endif
+
+// If C++ NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS are enabled, NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE should
+// not be set
+#if defined(NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS) && defined(NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE)
+#error NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE should not be set when \
+    NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS is defined.
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _NOEXCEPT
+#define NAPI_NOEXCEPT _NOEXCEPT
+#else
+#define NAPI_NOEXCEPT noexcept
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+
+// When C++ exceptions are enabled, Errors are thrown directly. There is no need
+// to return anything after the throw statements. The variadic parameter is an
+// optional return value that is ignored.
+// We need _VOID versions of the macros to avoid warnings resulting from
+// leaving the NAPI_THROW_* `...` argument empty.
+
+#define NAPI_THROW(e, ...) throw e
+#define NAPI_THROW_VOID(e) throw e
+
+#define NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, ...)                                 \
+  if ((status) != napi_ok) throw Napi::Error::New(env);
+
+#define NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(env, status)                                 \
+  if ((status) != napi_ok) throw Napi::Error::New(env);
+
+#else  // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+
+// When C++ exceptions are disabled, Errors are thrown as JavaScript exceptions,
+// which are pending until the callback returns to JS.  The variadic parameter
+// is an optional return value; usually it is an empty result.
+// We need _VOID versions of the macros to avoid warnings resulting from
+// leaving the NAPI_THROW_* `...` argument empty.
+
+#define NAPI_THROW(e, ...)                                                     \
+  do {                                                                         \
+    (e).ThrowAsJavaScriptException();                                          \
+    return __VA_ARGS__;                                                        \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define NAPI_THROW_VOID(e)                                                     \
+  do {                                                                         \
+    (e).ThrowAsJavaScriptException();                                          \
+    return;                                                                    \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, ...)                                 \
+  if ((status) != napi_ok) {                                                   \
+    Napi::Error::New(env).ThrowAsJavaScriptException();                        \
+    return __VA_ARGS__;                                                        \
+  }
+
+#define NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(env, status)                                 \
+  if ((status) != napi_ok) {                                                   \
+    Napi::Error::New(env).ThrowAsJavaScriptException();                        \
+    return;                                                                    \
+  }
+
+#endif  // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+
+#ifdef NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE
+#define NAPI_MAYBE_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, type)                          \
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Napi::Nothing<type>())
+
+#define NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, result, type)              \
+  NAPI_MAYBE_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, type);                               \
+  return Napi::Just<type>(result);
+#else
+#define NAPI_MAYBE_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, type)                          \
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, type())
+
+#define NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, result, type)              \
+  NAPI_MAYBE_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, type);                               \
+  return result;
+#endif
+
+#define NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN(CLASS) void operator=(const CLASS&) = delete;
+#define NAPI_DISALLOW_COPY(CLASS) CLASS(const CLASS&) = delete;
+
+#define NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_COPY(CLASS)                                       \
+  NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN(CLASS)                                                  \
+  NAPI_DISALLOW_COPY(CLASS)
+
+#define NAPI_CHECK(condition, location, message)                               \
+  do {                                                                         \
+    if (!(condition)) {                                                        \
+      Napi::Error::Fatal((location), (message));                               \
+    }                                                                          \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(status, location, message)                        \
+  NAPI_CHECK((status) == napi_ok, location, message)
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+/// Node-API C++ Wrapper Classes
+///
+/// These classes wrap the "Node-API" ABI-stable C APIs for Node.js, providing a
+/// C++ object model and C++ exception-handling semantics with low overhead.
+/// The wrappers are all header-only so that they do not affect the ABI.
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+namespace Napi {
+
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_CUSTOM_NAMESPACE
+// NAPI_CPP_CUSTOM_NAMESPACE can be #define'd per-addon to avoid symbol
+// conflicts between different instances of node-addon-api
+
+// First dummy definition of the namespace to make sure that Napi::(name) still
+// refers to the right things inside this file.
+namespace NAPI_CPP_CUSTOM_NAMESPACE {}
+using namespace NAPI_CPP_CUSTOM_NAMESPACE;
+
+namespace NAPI_CPP_CUSTOM_NAMESPACE {
+#endif
+
+// Forward declarations
+class Env;
+class Value;
+class Boolean;
+class Number;
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+class BigInt;
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+#if (NAPI_VERSION > 4)
+class Date;
+#endif
+class String;
+class Object;
+class Array;
+class ArrayBuffer;
+class Function;
+class Error;
+class PropertyDescriptor;
+class CallbackInfo;
+class TypedArray;
+template <typename T>
+class TypedArrayOf;
+
+using Int8Array =
+    TypedArrayOf<int8_t>;  ///< Typed-array of signed 8-bit integers
+using Uint8Array =
+    TypedArrayOf<uint8_t>;  ///< Typed-array of unsigned 8-bit integers
+using Int16Array =
+    TypedArrayOf<int16_t>;  ///< Typed-array of signed 16-bit integers
+using Uint16Array =
+    TypedArrayOf<uint16_t>;  ///< Typed-array of unsigned 16-bit integers
+using Int32Array =
+    TypedArrayOf<int32_t>;  ///< Typed-array of signed 32-bit integers
+using Uint32Array =
+    TypedArrayOf<uint32_t>;  ///< Typed-array of unsigned 32-bit integers
+using Float32Array =
+    TypedArrayOf<float>;  ///< Typed-array of 32-bit floating-point values
+using Float64Array =
+    TypedArrayOf<double>;  ///< Typed-array of 64-bit floating-point values
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+using BigInt64Array =
+    TypedArrayOf<int64_t>;  ///< Typed array of signed 64-bit integers
+using BigUint64Array =
+    TypedArrayOf<uint64_t>;  ///< Typed array of unsigned 64-bit integers
+#endif                       // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+
+/// Defines the signature of a Node-API C++ module's registration callback
+/// (init) function.
+using ModuleRegisterCallback = Object (*)(Env env, Object exports);
+
+class MemoryManagement;
+
+/// A simple Maybe type, representing an object which may or may not have a
+/// value.
+///
+/// If an API method returns a Maybe<>, the API method can potentially fail
+/// either because an exception is thrown, or because an exception is pending,
+/// e.g. because a previous API call threw an exception that hasn't been
+/// caught yet. In that case, a "Nothing" value is returned.
+template <class T>
+class Maybe {
+ public:
+  bool IsNothing() const;
+  bool IsJust() const;
+
+  /// Short-hand for Unwrap(), which doesn't return a value. Could be used
+  /// where the actual value of the Maybe is not needed like Object::Set.
+  /// If this Maybe is nothing (empty), node-addon-api will crash the
+  /// process.
+  void Check() const;
+
+  /// Return the value of type T contained in the Maybe. If this Maybe is
+  /// nothing (empty), node-addon-api will crash the process.
+  T Unwrap() const;
+
+  /// Return the value of type T contained in the Maybe, or using a default
+  /// value if this Maybe is nothing (empty).
+  T UnwrapOr(const T& default_value) const;
+
+  /// Converts this Maybe to a value of type T in the out. If this Maybe is
+  /// nothing (empty), `false` is returned and `out` is left untouched.
+  bool UnwrapTo(T* out) const;
+
+  bool operator==(const Maybe& other) const;
+  bool operator!=(const Maybe& other) const;
+
+ private:
+  Maybe();
+  explicit Maybe(const T& t);
+
+  bool _has_value;
+  T _value;
+
+  template <class U>
+  friend Maybe<U> Nothing();
+  template <class U>
+  friend Maybe<U> Just(const U& u);
+};
+
+template <class T>
+inline Maybe<T> Nothing();
+
+template <class T>
+inline Maybe<T> Just(const T& t);
+
+#if defined(NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE)
+template <typename T>
+using MaybeOrValue = Maybe<T>;
+#else
+template <typename T>
+using MaybeOrValue = T;
+#endif
+
+/// Environment for Node-API values and operations.
+///
+/// All Node-API values and operations must be associated with an environment.
+/// An environment instance is always provided to callback functions; that
+/// environment must then be used for any creation of Node-API values or other
+/// Node-API operations within the callback. (Many methods infer the
+/// environment from the `this` instance that the method is called on.)
+///
+/// In the future, multiple environments per process may be supported,
+/// although current implementations only support one environment per process.
+///
+/// In the V8 JavaScript engine, a Node-API environment approximately
+/// corresponds to an Isolate.
+class Env {
+ private:
+  napi_env _env;
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+  template <typename T>
+  static void DefaultFini(Env, T* data);
+  template <typename DataType, typename HintType>
+  static void DefaultFiniWithHint(Env, DataType* data, HintType* hint);
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+ public:
+  Env(napi_env env);
+
+  operator napi_env() const;
+
+  Object Global() const;
+  Value Undefined() const;
+  Value Null() const;
+
+  bool IsExceptionPending() const;
+  Error GetAndClearPendingException() const;
+
+  MaybeOrValue<Value> RunScript(const char* utf8script) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<Value> RunScript(const std::string& utf8script) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<Value> RunScript(String script) const;
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 2
+  template <typename Hook, typename Arg = void>
+  class CleanupHook;
+
+  template <typename Hook>
+  CleanupHook<Hook> AddCleanupHook(Hook hook);
+
+  template <typename Hook, typename Arg>
+  CleanupHook<Hook, Arg> AddCleanupHook(Hook hook, Arg* arg);
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 2
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+  template <typename T>
+  T* GetInstanceData() const;
+
+  template <typename T>
+  using Finalizer = void (*)(Env, T*);
+  template <typename T, Finalizer<T> fini = Env::DefaultFini<T>>
+  void SetInstanceData(T* data) const;
+
+  template <typename DataType, typename HintType>
+  using FinalizerWithHint = void (*)(Env, DataType*, HintType*);
+  template <typename DataType,
+            typename HintType,
+            FinalizerWithHint<DataType, HintType> fini =
+                Env::DefaultFiniWithHint<DataType, HintType>>
+  void SetInstanceData(DataType* data, HintType* hint) const;
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 2
+  template <typename Hook, typename Arg>
+  class CleanupHook {
+   public:
+    CleanupHook();
+    CleanupHook(Env env, Hook hook, Arg* arg);
+    CleanupHook(Env env, Hook hook);
+    bool Remove(Env env);
+    bool IsEmpty() const;
+
+   private:
+    static inline void Wrapper(void* data) NAPI_NOEXCEPT;
+    static inline void WrapperWithArg(void* data) NAPI_NOEXCEPT;
+
+    void (*wrapper)(void* arg);
+    struct CleanupData {
+      Hook hook;
+      Arg* arg;
+    } * data;
+  };
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 2
+};
+
+/// A JavaScript value of unknown type.
+///
+/// For type-specific operations, convert to one of the Value subclasses using a
+/// `To*` or `As()` method. The `To*` methods do type coercion; the `As()`
+/// method does not.
+///
+///     Napi::Value value = ...
+///     if (!value.IsString()) throw Napi::TypeError::New(env, "Invalid
+///     arg..."); Napi::String str = value.As<Napi::String>(); // Cast to a
+///     string value
+///
+///     Napi::Value anotherValue = ...
+///     bool isTruthy = anotherValue.ToBoolean(); // Coerce to a boolean value
+class Value {
+ public:
+  Value();  ///< Creates a new _empty_ Value instance.
+  Value(napi_env env,
+        napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+
+  /// Creates a JS value from a C++ primitive.
+  ///
+  /// `value` may be any of:
+  /// - bool
+  /// - Any integer type
+  /// - Any floating point type
+  /// - const char* (encoded using UTF-8, null-terminated)
+  /// - const char16_t* (encoded using UTF-16-LE, null-terminated)
+  /// - std::string (encoded using UTF-8)
+  /// - std::u16string
+  /// - napi::Value
+  /// - napi_value
+  template <typename T>
+  static Value From(napi_env env, const T& value);
+
+  /// Converts to a Node-API value primitive.
+  ///
+  /// If the instance is _empty_, this returns `nullptr`.
+  operator napi_value() const;
+
+  /// Tests if this value strictly equals another value.
+  bool operator==(const Value& other) const;
+
+  /// Tests if this value does not strictly equal another value.
+  bool operator!=(const Value& other) const;
+
+  /// Tests if this value strictly equals another value.
+  bool StrictEquals(const Value& other) const;
+
+  /// Gets the environment the value is associated with.
+  Napi::Env Env() const;
+
+  /// Checks if the value is empty (uninitialized).
+  ///
+  /// An empty value is invalid, and most attempts to perform an operation on an
+  /// empty value will result in an exception. Note an empty value is distinct
+  /// from JavaScript `null` or `undefined`, which are valid values.
+  ///
+  /// When C++ exceptions are disabled at compile time, a method with a `Value`
+  /// return type may return an empty value to indicate a pending exception. So
+  /// when not using C++ exceptions, callers should check whether the value is
+  /// empty before attempting to use it.
+  bool IsEmpty() const;
+
+  napi_valuetype Type() const;  ///< Gets the type of the value.
+
+  bool IsUndefined()
+      const;            ///< Tests if a value is an undefined JavaScript value.
+  bool IsNull() const;  ///< Tests if a value is a null JavaScript value.
+  bool IsBoolean() const;  ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript boolean.
+  bool IsNumber() const;   ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript number.
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+  bool IsBigInt() const;  ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript bigint.
+#endif                    // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+#if (NAPI_VERSION > 4)
+  bool IsDate() const;  ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript date.
+#endif
+  bool IsString() const;  ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript string.
+  bool IsSymbol() const;  ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript symbol.
+  bool IsArray() const;   ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript array.
+  bool IsArrayBuffer()
+      const;  ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript array buffer.
+  bool IsTypedArray() const;  ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript typed array.
+  bool IsObject() const;      ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript object.
+  bool IsFunction() const;    ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript function.
+  bool IsPromise() const;     ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript promise.
+  bool IsDataView() const;    ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript data view.
+  bool IsBuffer() const;      ///< Tests if a value is a Node buffer.
+  bool IsExternal() const;  ///< Tests if a value is a pointer to external data.
+
+  /// Casts to another type of `Napi::Value`, when the actual type is known or
+  /// assumed.
+  ///
+  /// This conversion does NOT coerce the type. Calling any methods
+  /// inappropriate for the actual value type will throw `Napi::Error`.
+  ///
+  /// If `NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_TYPE_CHECK_ON_AS` is defined, this method
+  /// asserts that the actual type is the expected type.
+  template <typename T>
+  T As() const;
+
+  MaybeOrValue<Boolean> ToBoolean()
+      const;  ///< Coerces a value to a JavaScript boolean.
+  MaybeOrValue<Number> ToNumber()
+      const;  ///< Coerces a value to a JavaScript number.
+  MaybeOrValue<String> ToString()
+      const;  ///< Coerces a value to a JavaScript string.
+  MaybeOrValue<Object> ToObject()
+      const;  ///< Coerces a value to a JavaScript object.
+
+ protected:
+  /// !cond INTERNAL
+  napi_env _env;
+  napi_value _value;
+  /// !endcond
+};
+
+/// A JavaScript boolean value.
+class Boolean : public Value {
+ public:
+  static Boolean New(napi_env env,  ///< Node-API environment
+                     bool value     ///< Boolean value
+  );
+
+  static void CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+
+  Boolean();  ///< Creates a new _empty_ Boolean instance.
+  Boolean(napi_env env,
+          napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+
+  operator bool() const;  ///< Converts a Boolean value to a boolean primitive.
+  bool Value() const;     ///< Converts a Boolean value to a boolean primitive.
+};
+
+/// A JavaScript number value.
+class Number : public Value {
+ public:
+  static Number New(napi_env env,  ///< Node-API environment
+                    double value   ///< Number value
+  );
+
+  static void CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+
+  Number();  ///< Creates a new _empty_ Number instance.
+  Number(napi_env env,
+         napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+
+  operator int32_t()
+      const;  ///< Converts a Number value to a 32-bit signed integer value.
+  operator uint32_t()
+      const;  ///< Converts a Number value to a 32-bit unsigned integer value.
+  operator int64_t()
+      const;  ///< Converts a Number value to a 64-bit signed integer value.
+  operator float()
+      const;  ///< Converts a Number value to a 32-bit floating-point value.
+  operator double()
+      const;  ///< Converts a Number value to a 64-bit floating-point value.
+
+  int32_t Int32Value()
+      const;  ///< Converts a Number value to a 32-bit signed integer value.
+  uint32_t Uint32Value()
+      const;  ///< Converts a Number value to a 32-bit unsigned integer value.
+  int64_t Int64Value()
+      const;  ///< Converts a Number value to a 64-bit signed integer value.
+  float FloatValue()
+      const;  ///< Converts a Number value to a 32-bit floating-point value.
+  double DoubleValue()
+      const;  ///< Converts a Number value to a 64-bit floating-point value.
+};
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+/// A JavaScript bigint value.
+class BigInt : public Value {
+ public:
+  static BigInt New(napi_env env,  ///< Node-API environment
+                    int64_t value  ///< Number value
+  );
+  static BigInt New(napi_env env,   ///< Node-API environment
+                    uint64_t value  ///< Number value
+  );
+
+  /// Creates a new BigInt object using a specified sign bit and a
+  /// specified list of digits/words.
+  /// The resulting number is calculated as:
+  /// (-1)^sign_bit * (words[0] * (2^64)^0 + words[1] * (2^64)^1 + ...)
+  static BigInt New(napi_env env,          ///< Node-API environment
+                    int sign_bit,          ///< Sign bit. 1 if negative.
+                    size_t word_count,     ///< Number of words in array
+                    const uint64_t* words  ///< Array of words
+  );
+
+  static void CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+
+  BigInt();  ///< Creates a new _empty_ BigInt instance.
+  BigInt(napi_env env,
+         napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+
+  int64_t Int64Value(bool* lossless)
+      const;  ///< Converts a BigInt value to a 64-bit signed integer value.
+  uint64_t Uint64Value(bool* lossless)
+      const;  ///< Converts a BigInt value to a 64-bit unsigned integer value.
+
+  size_t WordCount() const;  ///< The number of 64-bit words needed to store
+                             ///< the result of ToWords().
+
+  /// Writes the contents of this BigInt to a specified memory location.
+  /// `sign_bit` must be provided and will be set to 1 if this BigInt is
+  /// negative.
+  /// `*word_count` has to be initialized to the length of the `words` array.
+  /// Upon return, it will be set to the actual number of words that would
+  /// be needed to store this BigInt (i.e. the return value of `WordCount()`).
+  void ToWords(int* sign_bit, size_t* word_count, uint64_t* words);
+};
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+
+#if (NAPI_VERSION > 4)
+/// A JavaScript date value.
+class Date : public Value {
+ public:
+  /// Creates a new Date value from a double primitive.
+  static Date New(napi_env env,  ///< Node-API environment
+                  double value   ///< Number value
+  );
+
+  static void CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+
+  Date();  ///< Creates a new _empty_ Date instance.
+  Date(napi_env env, napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+  operator double() const;  ///< Converts a Date value to double primitive
+
+  double ValueOf() const;  ///< Converts a Date value to a double primitive.
+};
+#endif
+
+/// A JavaScript string or symbol value (that can be used as a property name).
+class Name : public Value {
+ public:
+  static void CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+
+  Name();  ///< Creates a new _empty_ Name instance.
+  Name(napi_env env,
+       napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+};
+
+/// A JavaScript string value.
+class String : public Name {
+ public:
+  /// Creates a new String value from a UTF-8 encoded C++ string.
+  static String New(napi_env env,             ///< Node-API environment
+                    const std::string& value  ///< UTF-8 encoded C++ string
+  );
+
+  /// Creates a new String value from a UTF-16 encoded C++ string.
+  static String New(napi_env env,                ///< Node-API environment
+                    const std::u16string& value  ///< UTF-16 encoded C++ string
+  );
+
+  /// Creates a new String value from a UTF-8 encoded C string.
+  static String New(
+      napi_env env,      ///< Node-API environment
+      const char* value  ///< UTF-8 encoded null-terminated C string
+  );
+
+  /// Creates a new String value from a UTF-16 encoded C string.
+  static String New(
+      napi_env env,          ///< Node-API environment
+      const char16_t* value  ///< UTF-16 encoded null-terminated C string
+  );
+
+  /// Creates a new String value from a UTF-8 encoded C string with specified
+  /// length.
+  static String New(napi_env env,       ///< Node-API environment
+                    const char* value,  ///< UTF-8 encoded C string (not
+                                        ///< necessarily null-terminated)
+                    size_t length       ///< length of the string in bytes
+  );
+
+  /// Creates a new String value from a UTF-16 encoded C string with specified
+  /// length.
+  static String New(
+      napi_env env,           ///< Node-API environment
+      const char16_t* value,  ///< UTF-16 encoded C string (not necessarily
+                              ///< null-terminated)
+      size_t length           ///< Length of the string in 2-byte code units
+  );
+
+  /// Creates a new String based on the original object's type.
+  ///
+  /// `value` may be any of:
+  /// - const char* (encoded using UTF-8, null-terminated)
+  /// - const char16_t* (encoded using UTF-16-LE, null-terminated)
+  /// - std::string (encoded using UTF-8)
+  /// - std::u16string
+  template <typename T>
+  static String From(napi_env env, const T& value);
+
+  static void CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+
+  String();  ///< Creates a new _empty_ String instance.
+  String(napi_env env,
+         napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+
+  operator std::string()
+      const;  ///< Converts a String value to a UTF-8 encoded C++ string.
+  operator std::u16string()
+      const;  ///< Converts a String value to a UTF-16 encoded C++ string.
+  std::string Utf8Value()
+      const;  ///< Converts a String value to a UTF-8 encoded C++ string.
+  std::u16string Utf16Value()
+      const;  ///< Converts a String value to a UTF-16 encoded C++ string.
+};
+
+/// A JavaScript symbol value.
+class Symbol : public Name {
+ public:
+  /// Creates a new Symbol value with an optional description.
+  static Symbol New(
+      napi_env env,  ///< Node-API environment
+      const char* description =
+          nullptr  ///< Optional UTF-8 encoded null-terminated C string
+                   ///  describing the symbol
+  );
+
+  /// Creates a new Symbol value with a description.
+  static Symbol New(
+      napi_env env,  ///< Node-API environment
+      const std::string&
+          description  ///< UTF-8 encoded C++ string describing the symbol
+  );
+
+  /// Creates a new Symbol value with a description.
+  static Symbol New(napi_env env,       ///< Node-API environment
+                    String description  ///< String value describing the symbol
+  );
+
+  /// Creates a new Symbol value with a description.
+  static Symbol New(
+      napi_env env,           ///< Node-API environment
+      napi_value description  ///< String value describing the symbol
+  );
+
+  /// Get a public Symbol (e.g. Symbol.iterator).
+  static MaybeOrValue<Symbol> WellKnown(napi_env, const std::string& name);
+
+  // Create a symbol in the global registry, UTF-8 Encoded cpp string
+  static MaybeOrValue<Symbol> For(napi_env env, const std::string& description);
+
+  // Create a symbol in the global registry, C style string (null terminated)
+  static MaybeOrValue<Symbol> For(napi_env env, const char* description);
+
+  // Create a symbol in the global registry, String value describing the symbol
+  static MaybeOrValue<Symbol> For(napi_env env, String description);
+
+  // Create a symbol in the global registry, napi_value describing the symbol
+  static MaybeOrValue<Symbol> For(napi_env env, napi_value description);
+
+  static void CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+
+  Symbol();  ///< Creates a new _empty_ Symbol instance.
+  Symbol(napi_env env,
+         napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+};
+
+class TypeTaggable : public Value {
+ public:
+#if NAPI_VERSION >= 8
+  void TypeTag(const napi_type_tag* type_tag) const;
+  bool CheckTypeTag(const napi_type_tag* type_tag) const;
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION >= 8
+ protected:
+  TypeTaggable();
+  TypeTaggable(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+};
+
+/// A JavaScript object value.
+class Object : public TypeTaggable {
+ public:
+  /// Enables property and element assignments using indexing syntax.
+  ///
+  /// This is a convenient helper to get and set object properties. As
+  /// getting and setting object properties may throw with JavaScript
+  /// exceptions, it is notable that these operations may fail.
+  /// When NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE is defined, the process will abort
+  /// on JavaScript exceptions.
+  ///
+  /// Example:
+  ///
+  ///     Napi::Value propertyValue = object1['A'];
+  ///     object2['A'] = propertyValue;
+  ///     Napi::Value elementValue = array[0];
+  ///     array[1] = elementValue;
+  template <typename Key>
+  class PropertyLValue {
+   public:
+    /// Converts an L-value to a value.
+    operator Value() const;
+
+    /// Assigns a value to the property. The type of value can be
+    /// anything supported by `Object::Set`.
+    template <typename ValueType>
+    PropertyLValue& operator=(ValueType value);
+
+   private:
+    PropertyLValue() = delete;
+    PropertyLValue(Object object, Key key);
+    napi_env _env;
+    napi_value _object;
+    Key _key;
+
+    friend class Napi::Object;
+  };
+
+  /// Creates a new Object value.
+  static Object New(napi_env env  ///< Node-API environment
+  );
+
+  static void CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+
+  Object();  ///< Creates a new _empty_ Object instance.
+  Object(napi_env env,
+         napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+
+  /// Gets or sets a named property.
+  PropertyLValue<std::string> operator[](
+      const char* utf8name  ///< UTF-8 encoded null-terminated property name
+  );
+
+  /// Gets or sets a named property.
+  PropertyLValue<std::string> operator[](
+      const std::string& utf8name  ///< UTF-8 encoded property name
+  );
+
+  /// Gets or sets an indexed property or array element.
+  PropertyLValue<uint32_t> operator[](
+      uint32_t index  /// Property / element index
+  );
+
+  /// Gets or sets an indexed property or array element.
+  PropertyLValue<Value> operator[](Value index  /// Property / element index
+  ) const;
+
+  /// Gets a named property.
+  MaybeOrValue<Value> operator[](
+      const char* utf8name  ///< UTF-8 encoded null-terminated property name
+  ) const;
+
+  /// Gets a named property.
+  MaybeOrValue<Value> operator[](
+      const std::string& utf8name  ///< UTF-8 encoded property name
+  ) const;
+
+  /// Gets an indexed property or array element.
+  MaybeOrValue<Value> operator[](uint32_t index  ///< Property / element index
+  ) const;
+
+  /// Checks whether a property is present.
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Has(napi_value key  ///< Property key primitive
+  ) const;
+
+  /// Checks whether a property is present.
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Has(Value key  ///< Property key
+  ) const;
+
+  /// Checks whether a named property is present.
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Has(
+      const char* utf8name  ///< UTF-8 encoded null-terminated property name
+  ) const;
+
+  /// Checks whether a named property is present.
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Has(
+      const std::string& utf8name  ///< UTF-8 encoded property name
+  ) const;
+
+  /// Checks whether a own property is present.
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> HasOwnProperty(napi_value key  ///< Property key primitive
+  ) const;
+
+  /// Checks whether a own property is present.
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> HasOwnProperty(Value key  ///< Property key
+  ) const;
+
+  /// Checks whether a own property is present.
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> HasOwnProperty(
+      const char* utf8name  ///< UTF-8 encoded null-terminated property name
+  ) const;
+
+  /// Checks whether a own property is present.
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> HasOwnProperty(
+      const std::string& utf8name  ///< UTF-8 encoded property name
+  ) const;
+
+  /// Gets a property.
+  MaybeOrValue<Value> Get(napi_value key  ///< Property key primitive
+  ) const;
+
+  /// Gets a property.
+  MaybeOrValue<Value> Get(Value key  ///< Property key
+  ) const;
+
+  /// Gets a named property.
+  MaybeOrValue<Value> Get(
+      const char* utf8name  ///< UTF-8 encoded null-terminated property name
+  ) const;
+
+  /// Gets a named property.
+  MaybeOrValue<Value> Get(
+      const std::string& utf8name  ///< UTF-8 encoded property name
+  ) const;
+
+  /// Sets a property.
+  template <typename ValueType>
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(napi_value key,         ///< Property key primitive
+                         const ValueType& value  ///< Property value primitive
+  ) const;
+
+  /// Sets a property.
+  template <typename ValueType>
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(Value key,              ///< Property key
+                         const ValueType& value  ///< Property value
+  ) const;
+
+  /// Sets a named property.
+  template <typename ValueType>
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(
+      const char* utf8name,  ///< UTF-8 encoded null-terminated property name
+      const ValueType& value) const;
+
+  /// Sets a named property.
+  template <typename ValueType>
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(
+      const std::string& utf8name,  ///< UTF-8 encoded property name
+      const ValueType& value        ///< Property value primitive
+  ) const;
+
+  /// Delete property.
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Delete(napi_value key  ///< Property key primitive
+  ) const;
+
+  /// Delete property.
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Delete(Value key  ///< Property key
+  ) const;
+
+  /// Delete property.
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Delete(
+      const char* utf8name  ///< UTF-8 encoded null-terminated property name
+  ) const;
+
+  /// Delete property.
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Delete(
+      const std::string& utf8name  ///< UTF-8 encoded property name
+  ) const;
+
+  /// Checks whether an indexed property is present.
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Has(uint32_t index  ///< Property / element index
+  ) const;
+
+  /// Gets an indexed property or array element.
+  MaybeOrValue<Value> Get(uint32_t index  ///< Property / element index
+  ) const;
+
+  /// Sets an indexed property or array element.
+  template <typename ValueType>
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(uint32_t index,         ///< Property / element index
+                         const ValueType& value  ///< Property value primitive
+  ) const;
+
+  /// Deletes an indexed property or array element.
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Delete(uint32_t index  ///< Property / element index
+  ) const;
+
+  /// This operation can fail in case of Proxy.[[OwnPropertyKeys]] and
+  /// Proxy.[[GetOwnProperty]] calling into JavaScript. See:
+  /// -
+  /// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-ownpropertykeys
+  /// -
+  /// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-getownproperty-p
+  MaybeOrValue<Array> GetPropertyNames() const;  ///< Get all property names
+
+  /// Defines a property on the object.
+  ///
+  /// This operation can fail in case of Proxy.[[DefineOwnProperty]] calling
+  /// into JavaScript. See
+  /// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-defineownproperty-p-desc
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> DefineProperty(
+      const PropertyDescriptor&
+          property  ///< Descriptor for the property to be defined
+  ) const;
+
+  /// Defines properties on the object.
+  ///
+  /// This operation can fail in case of Proxy.[[DefineOwnProperty]] calling
+  /// into JavaScript. See
+  /// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-defineownproperty-p-desc
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> DefineProperties(
+      const std::initializer_list<PropertyDescriptor>& properties
+      ///< List of descriptors for the properties to be defined
+  ) const;
+
+  /// Defines properties on the object.
+  ///
+  /// This operation can fail in case of Proxy.[[DefineOwnProperty]] calling
+  /// into JavaScript. See
+  /// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-defineownproperty-p-desc
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> DefineProperties(
+      const std::vector<PropertyDescriptor>& properties
+      ///< Vector of descriptors for the properties to be defined
+  ) const;
+
+  /// Checks if an object is an instance created by a constructor function.
+  ///
+  /// This is equivalent to the JavaScript `instanceof` operator.
+  ///
+  /// This operation can fail in case of Proxy.[[GetPrototypeOf]] calling into
+  /// JavaScript.
+  /// See
+  /// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-getprototypeof
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> InstanceOf(
+      const Function& constructor  ///< Constructor function
+  ) const;
+
+  template <typename Finalizer, typename T>
+  inline void AddFinalizer(Finalizer finalizeCallback, T* data) const;
+
+  template <typename Finalizer, typename T, typename Hint>
+  inline void AddFinalizer(Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                           T* data,
+                           Hint* finalizeHint) const;
+
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+  class const_iterator;
+
+  inline const_iterator begin() const;
+
+  inline const_iterator end() const;
+
+  class iterator;
+
+  inline iterator begin();
+
+  inline iterator end();
+#endif  // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION >= 8
+  /// This operation can fail in case of Proxy.[[GetPrototypeOf]] calling into
+  /// JavaScript.
+  /// See
+  /// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-getprototypeof
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Freeze() const;
+  /// This operation can fail in case of Proxy.[[GetPrototypeOf]] calling into
+  /// JavaScript.
+  /// See
+  /// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-getprototypeof
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Seal() const;
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION >= 8
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class External : public TypeTaggable {
+ public:
+  static External New(napi_env env, T* data);
+
+  // Finalizer must implement `void operator()(Env env, T* data)`.
+  template <typename Finalizer>
+  static External New(napi_env env, T* data, Finalizer finalizeCallback);
+  // Finalizer must implement `void operator()(Env env, T* data, Hint* hint)`.
+  template <typename Finalizer, typename Hint>
+  static External New(napi_env env,
+                      T* data,
+                      Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                      Hint* finalizeHint);
+
+  static void CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+
+  External();
+  External(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+
+  T* Data() const;
+};
+
+class Array : public Object {
+ public:
+  static Array New(napi_env env);
+  static Array New(napi_env env, size_t length);
+
+  static void CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+
+  Array();
+  Array(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+
+  uint32_t Length() const;
+};
+
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+class Object::const_iterator {
+ private:
+  enum class Type { BEGIN, END };
+
+  inline const_iterator(const Object* object, const Type type);
+
+ public:
+  inline const_iterator& operator++();
+
+  inline bool operator==(const const_iterator& other) const;
+
+  inline bool operator!=(const const_iterator& other) const;
+
+  inline const std::pair<Value, Object::PropertyLValue<Value>> operator*()
+      const;
+
+ private:
+  const Napi::Object* _object;
+  Array _keys;
+  uint32_t _index;
+
+  friend class Object;
+};
+
+class Object::iterator {
+ private:
+  enum class Type { BEGIN, END };
+
+  inline iterator(Object* object, const Type type);
+
+ public:
+  inline iterator& operator++();
+
+  inline bool operator==(const iterator& other) const;
+
+  inline bool operator!=(const iterator& other) const;
+
+  inline std::pair<Value, Object::PropertyLValue<Value>> operator*();
+
+ private:
+  Napi::Object* _object;
+  Array _keys;
+  uint32_t _index;
+
+  friend class Object;
+};
+#endif  // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+
+/// A JavaScript array buffer value.
+class ArrayBuffer : public Object {
+ public:
+  /// Creates a new ArrayBuffer instance over a new automatically-allocated
+  /// buffer.
+  static ArrayBuffer New(
+      napi_env env,      ///< Node-API environment
+      size_t byteLength  ///< Length of the buffer to be allocated, in bytes
+  );
+
+#ifndef NODE_API_NO_EXTERNAL_BUFFERS_ALLOWED
+  /// Creates a new ArrayBuffer instance, using an external buffer with
+  /// specified byte length.
+  static ArrayBuffer New(
+      napi_env env,        ///< Node-API environment
+      void* externalData,  ///< Pointer to the external buffer to be used by
+                           ///< the array
+      size_t byteLength    ///< Length of the external buffer to be used by the
+                           ///< array, in bytes
+  );
+
+  /// Creates a new ArrayBuffer instance, using an external buffer with
+  /// specified byte length.
+  template <typename Finalizer>
+  static ArrayBuffer New(
+      napi_env env,        ///< Node-API environment
+      void* externalData,  ///< Pointer to the external buffer to be used by
+                           ///< the array
+      size_t byteLength,   ///< Length of the external buffer to be used by the
+                           ///< array,
+                           ///  in bytes
+      Finalizer finalizeCallback  ///< Function to be called when the array
+                                  ///< buffer is destroyed;
+                                  ///  must implement `void operator()(Env env,
+                                  ///  void* externalData)`
+  );
+
+  /// Creates a new ArrayBuffer instance, using an external buffer with
+  /// specified byte length.
+  template <typename Finalizer, typename Hint>
+  static ArrayBuffer New(
+      napi_env env,        ///< Node-API environment
+      void* externalData,  ///< Pointer to the external buffer to be used by
+                           ///< the array
+      size_t byteLength,   ///< Length of the external buffer to be used by the
+                           ///< array,
+                           ///  in bytes
+      Finalizer finalizeCallback,  ///< Function to be called when the array
+                                   ///< buffer is destroyed;
+                                   ///  must implement `void operator()(Env
+                                   ///  env, void* externalData, Hint* hint)`
+      Hint* finalizeHint  ///< Hint (second parameter) to be passed to the
+                          ///< finalize callback
+  );
+#endif  // NODE_API_NO_EXTERNAL_BUFFERS_ALLOWED
+
+  static void CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+
+  ArrayBuffer();  ///< Creates a new _empty_ ArrayBuffer instance.
+  ArrayBuffer(napi_env env,
+              napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+
+  void* Data();         ///< Gets a pointer to the data buffer.
+  size_t ByteLength();  ///< Gets the length of the array buffer in bytes.
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION >= 7
+  bool IsDetached() const;
+  void Detach();
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION >= 7
+};
+
+/// A JavaScript typed-array value with unknown array type.
+///
+/// For type-specific operations, cast to a `TypedArrayOf<T>` instance using the
+/// `As()` method:
+///
+///     Napi::TypedArray array = ...
+///     if (t.TypedArrayType() == napi_int32_array) {
+///         Napi::Int32Array int32Array = t.As<Napi::Int32Array>();
+///     }
+class TypedArray : public Object {
+ public:
+  static void CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+
+  TypedArray();  ///< Creates a new _empty_ TypedArray instance.
+  TypedArray(napi_env env,
+             napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+
+  napi_typedarray_type TypedArrayType()
+      const;  ///< Gets the type of this typed-array.
+  Napi::ArrayBuffer ArrayBuffer() const;  ///< Gets the backing array buffer.
+
+  uint8_t ElementSize()
+      const;  ///< Gets the size in bytes of one element in the array.
+  size_t ElementLength() const;  ///< Gets the number of elements in the array.
+  size_t ByteOffset()
+      const;  ///< Gets the offset into the buffer where the array starts.
+  size_t ByteLength() const;  ///< Gets the length of the array in bytes.
+
+ protected:
+  /// !cond INTERNAL
+  napi_typedarray_type _type;
+  size_t _length;
+
+  TypedArray(napi_env env,
+             napi_value value,
+             napi_typedarray_type type,
+             size_t length);
+
+  template <typename T>
+  static
+#if defined(NAPI_HAS_CONSTEXPR)
+      constexpr
+#endif
+      napi_typedarray_type
+      TypedArrayTypeForPrimitiveType() {
+    return std::is_same<T, int8_t>::value     ? napi_int8_array
+           : std::is_same<T, uint8_t>::value  ? napi_uint8_array
+           : std::is_same<T, int16_t>::value  ? napi_int16_array
+           : std::is_same<T, uint16_t>::value ? napi_uint16_array
+           : std::is_same<T, int32_t>::value  ? napi_int32_array
+           : std::is_same<T, uint32_t>::value ? napi_uint32_array
+           : std::is_same<T, float>::value    ? napi_float32_array
+           : std::is_same<T, double>::value   ? napi_float64_array
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+           : std::is_same<T, int64_t>::value  ? napi_bigint64_array
+           : std::is_same<T, uint64_t>::value ? napi_biguint64_array
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+                                              : napi_int8_array;
+  }
+  /// !endcond
+};
+
+/// A JavaScript typed-array value with known array type.
+///
+/// Note while it is possible to create and access Uint8 "clamped" arrays using
+/// this class, the _clamping_ behavior is only applied in JavaScript.
+template <typename T>
+class TypedArrayOf : public TypedArray {
+ public:
+  /// Creates a new TypedArray instance over a new automatically-allocated array
+  /// buffer.
+  ///
+  /// The array type parameter can normally be omitted (because it is inferred
+  /// from the template parameter T), except when creating a "clamped" array:
+  ///
+  ///     Uint8Array::New(env, length, napi_uint8_clamped_array)
+  static TypedArrayOf New(
+      napi_env env,          ///< Node-API environment
+      size_t elementLength,  ///< Length of the created array, as a number of
+                             ///< elements
+#if defined(NAPI_HAS_CONSTEXPR)
+      napi_typedarray_type type =
+          TypedArray::TypedArrayTypeForPrimitiveType<T>()
+#else
+        napi_typedarray_type type
+#endif
+      ///< Type of array, if different from the default array type for the
+      ///< template parameter T.
+  );
+
+  /// Creates a new TypedArray instance over a provided array buffer.
+  ///
+  /// The array type parameter can normally be omitted (because it is inferred
+  /// from the template parameter T), except when creating a "clamped" array:
+  ///
+  ///     Uint8Array::New(env, length, buffer, 0, napi_uint8_clamped_array)
+  static TypedArrayOf New(
+      napi_env env,          ///< Node-API environment
+      size_t elementLength,  ///< Length of the created array, as a number of
+                             ///< elements
+      Napi::ArrayBuffer arrayBuffer,  ///< Backing array buffer instance to use
+      size_t bufferOffset,  ///< Offset into the array buffer where the
+                            ///< typed-array starts
+#if defined(NAPI_HAS_CONSTEXPR)
+      napi_typedarray_type type =
+          TypedArray::TypedArrayTypeForPrimitiveType<T>()
+#else
+        napi_typedarray_type type
+#endif
+      ///< Type of array, if different from the default array type for the
+      ///< template parameter T.
+  );
+
+  static void CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+
+  TypedArrayOf();  ///< Creates a new _empty_ TypedArrayOf instance.
+  TypedArrayOf(napi_env env,
+               napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+
+  T& operator[](size_t index);  ///< Gets or sets an element in the array.
+  const T& operator[](size_t index) const;  ///< Gets an element in the array.
+
+  /// Gets a pointer to the array's backing buffer.
+  ///
+  /// This is not necessarily the same as the `ArrayBuffer::Data()` pointer,
+  /// because the typed-array may have a non-zero `ByteOffset()` into the
+  /// `ArrayBuffer`.
+  T* Data();
+
+  /// Gets a pointer to the array's backing buffer.
+  ///
+  /// This is not necessarily the same as the `ArrayBuffer::Data()` pointer,
+  /// because the typed-array may have a non-zero `ByteOffset()` into the
+  /// `ArrayBuffer`.
+  const T* Data() const;
+
+ private:
+  T* _data;
+
+  TypedArrayOf(napi_env env,
+               napi_value value,
+               napi_typedarray_type type,
+               size_t length,
+               T* data);
+};
+
+/// The DataView provides a low-level interface for reading/writing multiple
+/// number types in an ArrayBuffer irrespective of the platform's endianness.
+class DataView : public Object {
+ public:
+  static DataView New(napi_env env, Napi::ArrayBuffer arrayBuffer);
+  static DataView New(napi_env env,
+                      Napi::ArrayBuffer arrayBuffer,
+                      size_t byteOffset);
+  static DataView New(napi_env env,
+                      Napi::ArrayBuffer arrayBuffer,
+                      size_t byteOffset,
+                      size_t byteLength);
+
+  static void CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+
+  DataView();  ///< Creates a new _empty_ DataView instance.
+  DataView(napi_env env,
+           napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+
+  Napi::ArrayBuffer ArrayBuffer() const;  ///< Gets the backing array buffer.
+  size_t ByteOffset()
+      const;  ///< Gets the offset into the buffer where the array starts.
+  size_t ByteLength() const;  ///< Gets the length of the array in bytes.
+
+  void* Data() const;
+
+  float GetFloat32(size_t byteOffset) const;
+  double GetFloat64(size_t byteOffset) const;
+  int8_t GetInt8(size_t byteOffset) const;
+  int16_t GetInt16(size_t byteOffset) const;
+  int32_t GetInt32(size_t byteOffset) const;
+  uint8_t GetUint8(size_t byteOffset) const;
+  uint16_t GetUint16(size_t byteOffset) const;
+  uint32_t GetUint32(size_t byteOffset) const;
+
+  void SetFloat32(size_t byteOffset, float value) const;
+  void SetFloat64(size_t byteOffset, double value) const;
+  void SetInt8(size_t byteOffset, int8_t value) const;
+  void SetInt16(size_t byteOffset, int16_t value) const;
+  void SetInt32(size_t byteOffset, int32_t value) const;
+  void SetUint8(size_t byteOffset, uint8_t value) const;
+  void SetUint16(size_t byteOffset, uint16_t value) const;
+  void SetUint32(size_t byteOffset, uint32_t value) const;
+
+ private:
+  template <typename T>
+  T ReadData(size_t byteOffset) const;
+
+  template <typename T>
+  void WriteData(size_t byteOffset, T value) const;
+
+  void* _data;
+  size_t _length;
+};
+
+class Function : public Object {
+ public:
+  using VoidCallback = void (*)(const CallbackInfo& info);
+  using Callback = Value (*)(const CallbackInfo& info);
+
+  template <VoidCallback cb>
+  static Function New(napi_env env,
+                      const char* utf8name = nullptr,
+                      void* data = nullptr);
+
+  template <Callback cb>
+  static Function New(napi_env env,
+                      const char* utf8name = nullptr,
+                      void* data = nullptr);
+
+  template <VoidCallback cb>
+  static Function New(napi_env env,
+                      const std::string& utf8name,
+                      void* data = nullptr);
+
+  template <Callback cb>
+  static Function New(napi_env env,
+                      const std::string& utf8name,
+                      void* data = nullptr);
+
+  /// Callable must implement operator() accepting a const CallbackInfo&
+  /// and return either void or Value.
+  template <typename Callable>
+  static Function New(napi_env env,
+                      Callable cb,
+                      const char* utf8name = nullptr,
+                      void* data = nullptr);
+  /// Callable must implement operator() accepting a const CallbackInfo&
+  /// and return either void or Value.
+  template <typename Callable>
+  static Function New(napi_env env,
+                      Callable cb,
+                      const std::string& utf8name,
+                      void* data = nullptr);
+
+  static void CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+
+  Function();
+  Function(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+
+  MaybeOrValue<Value> operator()(
+      const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const;
+
+  MaybeOrValue<Value> Call(const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<Value> Call(const std::vector<napi_value>& args) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<Value> Call(const std::vector<Value>& args) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<Value> Call(size_t argc, const napi_value* args) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<Value> Call(napi_value recv,
+                           const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<Value> Call(napi_value recv,
+                           const std::vector<napi_value>& args) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<Value> Call(napi_value recv,
+                           const std::vector<Value>& args) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<Value> Call(napi_value recv,
+                           size_t argc,
+                           const napi_value* args) const;
+
+  MaybeOrValue<Value> MakeCallback(
+      napi_value recv,
+      const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args,
+      napi_async_context context = nullptr) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<Value> MakeCallback(napi_value recv,
+                                   const std::vector<napi_value>& args,
+                                   napi_async_context context = nullptr) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<Value> MakeCallback(napi_value recv,
+                                   size_t argc,
+                                   const napi_value* args,
+                                   napi_async_context context = nullptr) const;
+
+  MaybeOrValue<Object> New(const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<Object> New(const std::vector<napi_value>& args) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<Object> New(size_t argc, const napi_value* args) const;
+};
+
+class Promise : public Object {
+ public:
+  class Deferred {
+   public:
+    static Deferred New(napi_env env);
+    Deferred(napi_env env);
+
+    Napi::Promise Promise() const;
+    Napi::Env Env() const;
+
+    void Resolve(napi_value value) const;
+    void Reject(napi_value value) const;
+
+   private:
+    napi_env _env;
+    napi_deferred _deferred;
+    napi_value _promise;
+  };
+
+  static void CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+
+  Promise(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class Buffer : public Uint8Array {
+ public:
+  static Buffer<T> New(napi_env env, size_t length);
+#ifndef NODE_API_NO_EXTERNAL_BUFFERS_ALLOWED
+  static Buffer<T> New(napi_env env, T* data, size_t length);
+
+  // Finalizer must implement `void operator()(Env env, T* data)`.
+  template <typename Finalizer>
+  static Buffer<T> New(napi_env env,
+                       T* data,
+                       size_t length,
+                       Finalizer finalizeCallback);
+  // Finalizer must implement `void operator()(Env env, T* data, Hint* hint)`.
+  template <typename Finalizer, typename Hint>
+  static Buffer<T> New(napi_env env,
+                       T* data,
+                       size_t length,
+                       Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                       Hint* finalizeHint);
+#endif  // NODE_API_NO_EXTERNAL_BUFFERS_ALLOWED
+
+  static Buffer<T> NewOrCopy(napi_env env, T* data, size_t length);
+  // Finalizer must implement `void operator()(Env env, T* data)`.
+  template <typename Finalizer>
+  static Buffer<T> NewOrCopy(napi_env env,
+                             T* data,
+                             size_t length,
+                             Finalizer finalizeCallback);
+  // Finalizer must implement `void operator()(Env env, T* data, Hint* hint)`.
+  template <typename Finalizer, typename Hint>
+  static Buffer<T> NewOrCopy(napi_env env,
+                             T* data,
+                             size_t length,
+                             Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                             Hint* finalizeHint);
+
+  static Buffer<T> Copy(napi_env env, const T* data, size_t length);
+
+  static void CheckCast(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+
+  Buffer();
+  Buffer(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+  size_t Length() const;
+  T* Data() const;
+
+ private:
+  mutable size_t _length;
+  mutable T* _data;
+
+  Buffer(napi_env env, napi_value value, size_t length, T* data);
+  void EnsureInfo() const;
+};
+
+/// Holds a counted reference to a value; initially a weak reference unless
+/// otherwise specified, may be changed to/from a strong reference by adjusting
+/// the refcount.
+///
+/// The referenced value is not immediately destroyed when the reference count
+/// is zero; it is merely then eligible for garbage-collection if there are no
+/// other references to the value.
+template <typename T>
+class Reference {
+ public:
+  static Reference<T> New(const T& value, uint32_t initialRefcount = 0);
+
+  Reference();
+  Reference(napi_env env, napi_ref ref);
+  ~Reference();
+
+  // A reference can be moved but cannot be copied.
+  Reference(Reference<T>&& other);
+  Reference<T>& operator=(Reference<T>&& other);
+  NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN(Reference<T>)
+
+  operator napi_ref() const;
+  bool operator==(const Reference<T>& other) const;
+  bool operator!=(const Reference<T>& other) const;
+
+  Napi::Env Env() const;
+  bool IsEmpty() const;
+
+  // Note when getting the value of a Reference it is usually correct to do so
+  // within a HandleScope so that the value handle gets cleaned up efficiently.
+  T Value() const;
+
+  uint32_t Ref() const;
+  uint32_t Unref() const;
+  void Reset();
+  void Reset(const T& value, uint32_t refcount = 0);
+
+  // Call this on a reference that is declared as static data, to prevent its
+  // destructor from running at program shutdown time, which would attempt to
+  // reset the reference when the environment is no longer valid. Avoid using
+  // this if at all possible. If you do need to use static data, MAKE SURE to
+  // warn your users that your addon is NOT threadsafe.
+  void SuppressDestruct();
+
+ protected:
+  Reference(const Reference<T>&);
+
+  /// !cond INTERNAL
+  napi_env _env;
+  napi_ref _ref;
+  /// !endcond
+
+ private:
+  bool _suppressDestruct;
+};
+
+class ObjectReference : public Reference<Object> {
+ public:
+  ObjectReference();
+  ObjectReference(napi_env env, napi_ref ref);
+
+  // A reference can be moved but cannot be copied.
+  ObjectReference(Reference<Object>&& other);
+  ObjectReference& operator=(Reference<Object>&& other);
+  ObjectReference(ObjectReference&& other);
+  ObjectReference& operator=(ObjectReference&& other);
+  NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN(ObjectReference)
+
+  MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> Get(const char* utf8name) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> Get(const std::string& utf8name) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(const char* utf8name, napi_value value) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(const char* utf8name, Napi::Value value) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(const char* utf8name, const char* utf8value) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(const char* utf8name, bool boolValue) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(const char* utf8name, double numberValue) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(const std::string& utf8name, napi_value value) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(const std::string& utf8name, Napi::Value value) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(const std::string& utf8name,
+                         std::string& utf8value) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(const std::string& utf8name, bool boolValue) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(const std::string& utf8name, double numberValue) const;
+
+  MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> Get(uint32_t index) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(uint32_t index, const napi_value value) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(uint32_t index, const Napi::Value value) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(uint32_t index, const char* utf8value) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(uint32_t index, const std::string& utf8value) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(uint32_t index, bool boolValue) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(uint32_t index, double numberValue) const;
+
+ protected:
+  ObjectReference(const ObjectReference&);
+};
+
+class FunctionReference : public Reference<Function> {
+ public:
+  FunctionReference();
+  FunctionReference(napi_env env, napi_ref ref);
+
+  // A reference can be moved but cannot be copied.
+  FunctionReference(Reference<Function>&& other);
+  FunctionReference& operator=(Reference<Function>&& other);
+  FunctionReference(FunctionReference&& other);
+  FunctionReference& operator=(FunctionReference&& other);
+  NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_COPY(FunctionReference)
+
+  MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> operator()(
+      const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const;
+
+  MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> Call(
+      const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> Call(const std::vector<napi_value>& args) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> Call(
+      napi_value recv, const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> Call(napi_value recv,
+                                 const std::vector<napi_value>& args) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> Call(napi_value recv,
+                                 size_t argc,
+                                 const napi_value* args) const;
+
+  MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> MakeCallback(
+      napi_value recv,
+      const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args,
+      napi_async_context context = nullptr) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> MakeCallback(
+      napi_value recv,
+      const std::vector<napi_value>& args,
+      napi_async_context context = nullptr) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> MakeCallback(
+      napi_value recv,
+      size_t argc,
+      const napi_value* args,
+      napi_async_context context = nullptr) const;
+
+  MaybeOrValue<Object> New(const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const;
+  MaybeOrValue<Object> New(const std::vector<napi_value>& args) const;
+};
+
+// Shortcuts to creating a new reference with inferred type and refcount = 0.
+template <typename T>
+Reference<T> Weak(T value);
+ObjectReference Weak(Object value);
+FunctionReference Weak(Function value);
+
+// Shortcuts to creating a new reference with inferred type and refcount = 1.
+template <typename T>
+Reference<T> Persistent(T value);
+ObjectReference Persistent(Object value);
+FunctionReference Persistent(Function value);
+
+/// A persistent reference to a JavaScript error object. Use of this class
+/// depends somewhat on whether C++ exceptions are enabled at compile time.
+///
+/// ### Handling Errors With C++ Exceptions
+///
+/// If C++ exceptions are enabled, then the `Error` class extends
+/// `std::exception` and enables integrated error-handling for C++ exceptions
+/// and JavaScript exceptions.
+///
+/// If a Node-API call fails without executing any JavaScript code (for
+/// example due to an invalid argument), then the Node-API wrapper
+/// automatically converts and throws the error as a C++ exception of type
+/// `Napi::Error`. Or if a JavaScript function called by C++ code via Node-API
+/// throws a JavaScript exception, then the Node-API wrapper automatically
+/// converts and throws it as a C++ exception of type `Napi::Error`.
+///
+/// If a C++ exception of type `Napi::Error` escapes from a Node-API C++
+/// callback, then the Node-API wrapper automatically converts and throws it
+/// as a JavaScript exception. Therefore, catching a C++ exception of type
+/// `Napi::Error` prevents a JavaScript exception from being thrown.
+///
+/// #### Example 1A - Throwing a C++ exception:
+///
+///     Napi::Env env = ...
+///     throw Napi::Error::New(env, "Example exception");
+///
+/// Following C++ statements will not be executed. The exception will bubble
+/// up as a C++ exception of type `Napi::Error`, until it is either caught
+/// while still in C++, or else automatically propataged as a JavaScript
+/// exception when the callback returns to JavaScript.
+///
+/// #### Example 2A - Propagating a Node-API C++ exception:
+///
+///     Napi::Function jsFunctionThatThrows = someObj.As<Napi::Function>();
+///     Napi::Value result = jsFunctionThatThrows({ arg1, arg2 });
+///
+/// Following C++ statements will not be executed. The exception will bubble
+/// up as a C++ exception of type `Napi::Error`, until it is either caught
+/// while still in C++, or else automatically propagated as a JavaScript
+/// exception when the callback returns to JavaScript.
+///
+/// #### Example 3A - Handling a Node-API C++ exception:
+///
+///     Napi::Function jsFunctionThatThrows = someObj.As<Napi::Function>();
+///     Napi::Value result;
+///     try {
+///        result = jsFunctionThatThrows({ arg1, arg2 });
+///     } catch (const Napi::Error& e) {
+///       cerr << "Caught JavaScript exception: " + e.what();
+///     }
+///
+/// Since the exception was caught here, it will not be propagated as a
+/// JavaScript exception.
+///
+/// ### Handling Errors Without C++ Exceptions
+///
+/// If C++ exceptions are disabled (by defining `NAPI_DISABLE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS`)
+/// then this class does not extend `std::exception`, and APIs in the `Napi`
+/// namespace do not throw C++ exceptions when they fail. Instead, they raise
+/// _pending_ JavaScript exceptions and return _empty_ `Value`s. Calling code
+/// should check `Value::IsEmpty()` before attempting to use a returned value,
+/// and may use methods on the `Env` class to check for, get, and clear a
+/// pending JavaScript exception. If the pending exception is not cleared, it
+/// will be thrown when the native callback returns to JavaScript.
+///
+/// #### Example 1B - Throwing a JS exception
+///
+///     Napi::Env env = ...
+///     Napi::Error::New(env, "Example
+///     exception").ThrowAsJavaScriptException(); return;
+///
+/// After throwing a JS exception, the code should generally return
+/// immediately from the native callback, after performing any necessary
+/// cleanup.
+///
+/// #### Example 2B - Propagating a Node-API JS exception:
+///
+///     Napi::Function jsFunctionThatThrows = someObj.As<Napi::Function>();
+///     Napi::Value result = jsFunctionThatThrows({ arg1, arg2 });
+///     if (result.IsEmpty()) return;
+///
+/// An empty value result from a Node-API call indicates an error occurred,
+/// and a JavaScript exception is pending. To let the exception propagate, the
+/// code should generally return immediately from the native callback, after
+/// performing any necessary cleanup.
+///
+/// #### Example 3B - Handling a Node-API JS exception:
+///
+///     Napi::Function jsFunctionThatThrows = someObj.As<Napi::Function>();
+///     Napi::Value result = jsFunctionThatThrows({ arg1, arg2 });
+///     if (result.IsEmpty()) {
+///       Napi::Error e = env.GetAndClearPendingException();
+///       cerr << "Caught JavaScript exception: " + e.Message();
+///     }
+///
+/// Since the exception was cleared here, it will not be propagated as a
+/// JavaScript exception after the native callback returns.
+class Error : public ObjectReference
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+    ,
+              public std::exception
+#endif  // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+{
+ public:
+  static Error New(napi_env env);
+  static Error New(napi_env env, const char* message);
+  static Error New(napi_env env, const std::string& message);
+
+  static NAPI_NO_RETURN void Fatal(const char* location, const char* message);
+
+  Error();
+  Error(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+
+  // An error can be moved or copied.
+  Error(Error&& other);
+  Error& operator=(Error&& other);
+  Error(const Error&);
+  Error& operator=(const Error&);
+
+  const std::string& Message() const NAPI_NOEXCEPT;
+  void ThrowAsJavaScriptException() const;
+
+  Object Value() const;
+
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+  const char* what() const NAPI_NOEXCEPT override;
+#endif  // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+
+ protected:
+  /// !cond INTERNAL
+  using create_error_fn = napi_status (*)(napi_env envb,
+                                          napi_value code,
+                                          napi_value msg,
+                                          napi_value* result);
+
+  template <typename TError>
+  static TError New(napi_env env,
+                    const char* message,
+                    size_t length,
+                    create_error_fn create_error);
+  /// !endcond
+
+ private:
+  static inline const char* ERROR_WRAP_VALUE() NAPI_NOEXCEPT;
+  mutable std::string _message;
+};
+
+class TypeError : public Error {
+ public:
+  static TypeError New(napi_env env, const char* message);
+  static TypeError New(napi_env env, const std::string& message);
+
+  TypeError();
+  TypeError(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+};
+
+class RangeError : public Error {
+ public:
+  static RangeError New(napi_env env, const char* message);
+  static RangeError New(napi_env env, const std::string& message);
+
+  RangeError();
+  RangeError(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+};
+
+class CallbackInfo {
+ public:
+  CallbackInfo(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
+  ~CallbackInfo();
+
+  // Disallow copying to prevent multiple free of _dynamicArgs
+  NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_COPY(CallbackInfo)
+
+  Napi::Env Env() const;
+  Value NewTarget() const;
+  bool IsConstructCall() const;
+  size_t Length() const;
+  const Value operator[](size_t index) const;
+  Value This() const;
+  void* Data() const;
+  void SetData(void* data);
+  explicit operator napi_callback_info() const;
+
+ private:
+  const size_t _staticArgCount = 6;
+  napi_env _env;
+  napi_callback_info _info;
+  napi_value _this;
+  size_t _argc;
+  napi_value* _argv;
+  napi_value _staticArgs[6];
+  napi_value* _dynamicArgs;
+  void* _data;
+};
+
+class PropertyDescriptor {
+ public:
+  using GetterCallback = Napi::Value (*)(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
+  using SetterCallback = void (*)(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
+
+#ifndef NODE_ADDON_API_DISABLE_DEPRECATED
+  template <typename Getter>
+  static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(
+      const char* utf8name,
+      Getter getter,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <typename Getter>
+  static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(
+      const std::string& utf8name,
+      Getter getter,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <typename Getter>
+  static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(
+      napi_value name,
+      Getter getter,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <typename Getter>
+  static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(
+      Name name,
+      Getter getter,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+  static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(
+      const char* utf8name,
+      Getter getter,
+      Setter setter,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+  static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(
+      const std::string& utf8name,
+      Getter getter,
+      Setter setter,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+  static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(
+      napi_value name,
+      Getter getter,
+      Setter setter,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+  static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(
+      Name name,
+      Getter getter,
+      Setter setter,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <typename Callable>
+  static PropertyDescriptor Function(
+      const char* utf8name,
+      Callable cb,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <typename Callable>
+  static PropertyDescriptor Function(
+      const std::string& utf8name,
+      Callable cb,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <typename Callable>
+  static PropertyDescriptor Function(
+      napi_value name,
+      Callable cb,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <typename Callable>
+  static PropertyDescriptor Function(
+      Name name,
+      Callable cb,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+#endif  // !NODE_ADDON_API_DISABLE_DEPRECATED
+
+  template <GetterCallback Getter>
+  static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(
+      const char* utf8name,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+
+  template <GetterCallback Getter>
+  static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(
+      const std::string& utf8name,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+
+  template <GetterCallback Getter>
+  static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(
+      Name name,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+
+  template <GetterCallback Getter, SetterCallback Setter>
+  static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(
+      const char* utf8name,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+
+  template <GetterCallback Getter, SetterCallback Setter>
+  static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(
+      const std::string& utf8name,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+
+  template <GetterCallback Getter, SetterCallback Setter>
+  static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(
+      Name name,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+
+  template <typename Getter>
+  static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(
+      Napi::Env env,
+      Napi::Object object,
+      const char* utf8name,
+      Getter getter,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <typename Getter>
+  static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(
+      Napi::Env env,
+      Napi::Object object,
+      const std::string& utf8name,
+      Getter getter,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <typename Getter>
+  static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(
+      Napi::Env env,
+      Napi::Object object,
+      Name name,
+      Getter getter,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+  static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(
+      Napi::Env env,
+      Napi::Object object,
+      const char* utf8name,
+      Getter getter,
+      Setter setter,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+  static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(
+      Napi::Env env,
+      Napi::Object object,
+      const std::string& utf8name,
+      Getter getter,
+      Setter setter,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+  static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(
+      Napi::Env env,
+      Napi::Object object,
+      Name name,
+      Getter getter,
+      Setter setter,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <typename Callable>
+  static PropertyDescriptor Function(
+      Napi::Env env,
+      Napi::Object object,
+      const char* utf8name,
+      Callable cb,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <typename Callable>
+  static PropertyDescriptor Function(
+      Napi::Env env,
+      Napi::Object object,
+      const std::string& utf8name,
+      Callable cb,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <typename Callable>
+  static PropertyDescriptor Function(
+      Napi::Env env,
+      Napi::Object object,
+      Name name,
+      Callable cb,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  static PropertyDescriptor Value(
+      const char* utf8name,
+      napi_value value,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default);
+  static PropertyDescriptor Value(
+      const std::string& utf8name,
+      napi_value value,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default);
+  static PropertyDescriptor Value(
+      napi_value name,
+      napi_value value,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default);
+  static PropertyDescriptor Value(
+      Name name,
+      Napi::Value value,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default);
+
+  PropertyDescriptor(napi_property_descriptor desc);
+
+  operator napi_property_descriptor&();
+  operator const napi_property_descriptor&() const;
+
+ private:
+  napi_property_descriptor _desc;
+};
+
+/// Property descriptor for use with `ObjectWrap::DefineClass()`.
+///
+/// This is different from the standalone `PropertyDescriptor` because it is
+/// specific to each `ObjectWrap<T>` subclass. This prevents using descriptors
+/// from a different class when defining a new class (preventing the callbacks
+/// from having incorrect `this` pointers).
+template <typename T>
+class ClassPropertyDescriptor {
+ public:
+  ClassPropertyDescriptor(napi_property_descriptor desc) : _desc(desc) {}
+
+  operator napi_property_descriptor&() { return _desc; }
+  operator const napi_property_descriptor&() const { return _desc; }
+
+ private:
+  napi_property_descriptor _desc;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename TCallback>
+struct MethodCallbackData {
+  TCallback callback;
+  void* data;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename TGetterCallback, typename TSetterCallback>
+struct AccessorCallbackData {
+  TGetterCallback getterCallback;
+  TSetterCallback setterCallback;
+  void* data;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class InstanceWrap {
+ public:
+  using InstanceVoidMethodCallback = void (T::*)(const CallbackInfo& info);
+  using InstanceMethodCallback = Napi::Value (T::*)(const CallbackInfo& info);
+  using InstanceGetterCallback = Napi::Value (T::*)(const CallbackInfo& info);
+  using InstanceSetterCallback = void (T::*)(const CallbackInfo& info,
+                                             const Napi::Value& value);
+
+  using PropertyDescriptor = ClassPropertyDescriptor<T>;
+
+  static PropertyDescriptor InstanceMethod(
+      const char* utf8name,
+      InstanceVoidMethodCallback method,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  static PropertyDescriptor InstanceMethod(
+      const char* utf8name,
+      InstanceMethodCallback method,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  static PropertyDescriptor InstanceMethod(
+      Symbol name,
+      InstanceVoidMethodCallback method,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  static PropertyDescriptor InstanceMethod(
+      Symbol name,
+      InstanceMethodCallback method,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <InstanceVoidMethodCallback method>
+  static PropertyDescriptor InstanceMethod(
+      const char* utf8name,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <InstanceMethodCallback method>
+  static PropertyDescriptor InstanceMethod(
+      const char* utf8name,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <InstanceVoidMethodCallback method>
+  static PropertyDescriptor InstanceMethod(
+      Symbol name,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <InstanceMethodCallback method>
+  static PropertyDescriptor InstanceMethod(
+      Symbol name,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  static PropertyDescriptor InstanceAccessor(
+      const char* utf8name,
+      InstanceGetterCallback getter,
+      InstanceSetterCallback setter,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  static PropertyDescriptor InstanceAccessor(
+      Symbol name,
+      InstanceGetterCallback getter,
+      InstanceSetterCallback setter,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <InstanceGetterCallback getter,
+            InstanceSetterCallback setter = nullptr>
+  static PropertyDescriptor InstanceAccessor(
+      const char* utf8name,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <InstanceGetterCallback getter,
+            InstanceSetterCallback setter = nullptr>
+  static PropertyDescriptor InstanceAccessor(
+      Symbol name,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  static PropertyDescriptor InstanceValue(
+      const char* utf8name,
+      Napi::Value value,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default);
+  static PropertyDescriptor InstanceValue(
+      Symbol name,
+      Napi::Value value,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default);
+
+ protected:
+  static void AttachPropData(napi_env env,
+                             napi_value value,
+                             const napi_property_descriptor* prop);
+
+ private:
+  using This = InstanceWrap<T>;
+
+  using InstanceVoidMethodCallbackData =
+      MethodCallbackData<T, InstanceVoidMethodCallback>;
+  using InstanceMethodCallbackData =
+      MethodCallbackData<T, InstanceMethodCallback>;
+  using InstanceAccessorCallbackData =
+      AccessorCallbackData<T, InstanceGetterCallback, InstanceSetterCallback>;
+
+  static napi_value InstanceVoidMethodCallbackWrapper(napi_env env,
+                                                      napi_callback_info info);
+  static napi_value InstanceMethodCallbackWrapper(napi_env env,
+                                                  napi_callback_info info);
+  static napi_value InstanceGetterCallbackWrapper(napi_env env,
+                                                  napi_callback_info info);
+  static napi_value InstanceSetterCallbackWrapper(napi_env env,
+                                                  napi_callback_info info);
+
+  template <InstanceSetterCallback method>
+  static napi_value WrappedMethod(napi_env env,
+                                  napi_callback_info info) NAPI_NOEXCEPT;
+
+  template <InstanceSetterCallback setter>
+  struct SetterTag {};
+
+  template <InstanceSetterCallback setter>
+  static napi_callback WrapSetter(SetterTag<setter>) NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+    return &This::WrappedMethod<setter>;
+  }
+  static napi_callback WrapSetter(SetterTag<nullptr>) NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+};
+
+/// Base class to be extended by C++ classes exposed to JavaScript; each C++
+/// class instance gets "wrapped" by a JavaScript object that is managed by this
+/// class.
+///
+/// At initialization time, the `DefineClass()` method must be used to
+/// hook up the accessor and method callbacks. It takes a list of
+/// property descriptors, which can be constructed via the various
+/// static methods on the base class.
+///
+/// #### Example:
+///
+///     class Example: public Napi::ObjectWrap<Example> {
+///       public:
+///         static void Initialize(Napi::Env& env, Napi::Object& target) {
+///           Napi::Function constructor = DefineClass(env, "Example", {
+///             InstanceAccessor<&Example::GetSomething,
+///             &Example::SetSomething>("value"),
+///             InstanceMethod<&Example::DoSomething>("doSomething"),
+///           });
+///           target.Set("Example", constructor);
+///         }
+///
+///         Example(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info); // Constructor
+///         Napi::Value GetSomething(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
+///         void SetSomething(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value&
+///         value); Napi::Value DoSomething(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
+///     }
+template <typename T>
+class ObjectWrap : public InstanceWrap<T>, public Reference<Object> {
+ public:
+  ObjectWrap(const CallbackInfo& callbackInfo);
+  virtual ~ObjectWrap();
+
+  static T* Unwrap(Object wrapper);
+
+  // Methods exposed to JavaScript must conform to one of these callback
+  // signatures.
+  using StaticVoidMethodCallback = void (*)(const CallbackInfo& info);
+  using StaticMethodCallback = Napi::Value (*)(const CallbackInfo& info);
+  using StaticGetterCallback = Napi::Value (*)(const CallbackInfo& info);
+  using StaticSetterCallback = void (*)(const CallbackInfo& info,
+                                        const Napi::Value& value);
+
+  using PropertyDescriptor = ClassPropertyDescriptor<T>;
+
+  static Function DefineClass(
+      Napi::Env env,
+      const char* utf8name,
+      const std::initializer_list<PropertyDescriptor>& properties,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  static Function DefineClass(Napi::Env env,
+                              const char* utf8name,
+                              const std::vector<PropertyDescriptor>& properties,
+                              void* data = nullptr);
+  static PropertyDescriptor StaticMethod(
+      const char* utf8name,
+      StaticVoidMethodCallback method,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  static PropertyDescriptor StaticMethod(
+      const char* utf8name,
+      StaticMethodCallback method,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  static PropertyDescriptor StaticMethod(
+      Symbol name,
+      StaticVoidMethodCallback method,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  static PropertyDescriptor StaticMethod(
+      Symbol name,
+      StaticMethodCallback method,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <StaticVoidMethodCallback method>
+  static PropertyDescriptor StaticMethod(
+      const char* utf8name,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <StaticVoidMethodCallback method>
+  static PropertyDescriptor StaticMethod(
+      Symbol name,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <StaticMethodCallback method>
+  static PropertyDescriptor StaticMethod(
+      const char* utf8name,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <StaticMethodCallback method>
+  static PropertyDescriptor StaticMethod(
+      Symbol name,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  static PropertyDescriptor StaticAccessor(
+      const char* utf8name,
+      StaticGetterCallback getter,
+      StaticSetterCallback setter,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  static PropertyDescriptor StaticAccessor(
+      Symbol name,
+      StaticGetterCallback getter,
+      StaticSetterCallback setter,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <StaticGetterCallback getter, StaticSetterCallback setter = nullptr>
+  static PropertyDescriptor StaticAccessor(
+      const char* utf8name,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  template <StaticGetterCallback getter, StaticSetterCallback setter = nullptr>
+  static PropertyDescriptor StaticAccessor(
+      Symbol name,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+      void* data = nullptr);
+  static PropertyDescriptor StaticValue(
+      const char* utf8name,
+      Napi::Value value,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default);
+  static PropertyDescriptor StaticValue(
+      Symbol name,
+      Napi::Value value,
+      napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default);
+  static Napi::Value OnCalledAsFunction(const Napi::CallbackInfo& callbackInfo);
+  virtual void Finalize(Napi::Env env);
+
+ private:
+  using This = ObjectWrap<T>;
+
+  static napi_value ConstructorCallbackWrapper(napi_env env,
+                                               napi_callback_info info);
+  static napi_value StaticVoidMethodCallbackWrapper(napi_env env,
+                                                    napi_callback_info info);
+  static napi_value StaticMethodCallbackWrapper(napi_env env,
+                                                napi_callback_info info);
+  static napi_value StaticGetterCallbackWrapper(napi_env env,
+                                                napi_callback_info info);
+  static napi_value StaticSetterCallbackWrapper(napi_env env,
+                                                napi_callback_info info);
+  static void FinalizeCallback(napi_env env, void* data, void* hint);
+  static Function DefineClass(Napi::Env env,
+                              const char* utf8name,
+                              const size_t props_count,
+                              const napi_property_descriptor* props,
+                              void* data = nullptr);
+
+  using StaticVoidMethodCallbackData =
+      MethodCallbackData<T, StaticVoidMethodCallback>;
+  using StaticMethodCallbackData = MethodCallbackData<T, StaticMethodCallback>;
+
+  using StaticAccessorCallbackData =
+      AccessorCallbackData<T, StaticGetterCallback, StaticSetterCallback>;
+
+  template <StaticSetterCallback method>
+  static napi_value WrappedMethod(napi_env env,
+                                  napi_callback_info info) NAPI_NOEXCEPT;
+
+  template <StaticSetterCallback setter>
+  struct StaticSetterTag {};
+
+  template <StaticSetterCallback setter>
+  static napi_callback WrapStaticSetter(StaticSetterTag<setter>) NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+    return &This::WrappedMethod<setter>;
+  }
+  static napi_callback WrapStaticSetter(StaticSetterTag<nullptr>)
+      NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  bool _construction_failed = true;
+};
+
+class HandleScope {
+ public:
+  HandleScope(napi_env env, napi_handle_scope scope);
+  explicit HandleScope(Napi::Env env);
+  ~HandleScope();
+
+  // Disallow copying to prevent double close of napi_handle_scope
+  NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_COPY(HandleScope)
+
+  operator napi_handle_scope() const;
+
+  Napi::Env Env() const;
+
+ private:
+  napi_env _env;
+  napi_handle_scope _scope;
+};
+
+class EscapableHandleScope {
+ public:
+  EscapableHandleScope(napi_env env, napi_escapable_handle_scope scope);
+  explicit EscapableHandleScope(Napi::Env env);
+  ~EscapableHandleScope();
+
+  // Disallow copying to prevent double close of napi_escapable_handle_scope
+  NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_COPY(EscapableHandleScope)
+
+  operator napi_escapable_handle_scope() const;
+
+  Napi::Env Env() const;
+  Value Escape(napi_value escapee);
+
+ private:
+  napi_env _env;
+  napi_escapable_handle_scope _scope;
+};
+
+#if (NAPI_VERSION > 2)
+class CallbackScope {
+ public:
+  CallbackScope(napi_env env, napi_callback_scope scope);
+  CallbackScope(napi_env env, napi_async_context context);
+  virtual ~CallbackScope();
+
+  // Disallow copying to prevent double close of napi_callback_scope
+  NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_COPY(CallbackScope)
+
+  operator napi_callback_scope() const;
+
+  Napi::Env Env() const;
+
+ private:
+  napi_env _env;
+  napi_callback_scope _scope;
+};
+#endif
+
+class AsyncContext {
+ public:
+  explicit AsyncContext(napi_env env, const char* resource_name);
+  explicit AsyncContext(napi_env env,
+                        const char* resource_name,
+                        const Object& resource);
+  virtual ~AsyncContext();
+
+  AsyncContext(AsyncContext&& other);
+  AsyncContext& operator=(AsyncContext&& other);
+  NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_COPY(AsyncContext)
+
+  operator napi_async_context() const;
+
+  Napi::Env Env() const;
+
+ private:
+  napi_env _env;
+  napi_async_context _context;
+};
+
+#if NAPI_HAS_THREADS
+class AsyncWorker {
+ public:
+  virtual ~AsyncWorker();
+
+  NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_COPY(AsyncWorker)
+
+  operator napi_async_work() const;
+
+  Napi::Env Env() const;
+
+  void Queue();
+  void Cancel();
+  void SuppressDestruct();
+
+  ObjectReference& Receiver();
+  FunctionReference& Callback();
+
+  virtual void OnExecute(Napi::Env env);
+  virtual void OnWorkComplete(Napi::Env env, napi_status status);
+
+ protected:
+  explicit AsyncWorker(const Function& callback);
+  explicit AsyncWorker(const Function& callback, const char* resource_name);
+  explicit AsyncWorker(const Function& callback,
+                       const char* resource_name,
+                       const Object& resource);
+  explicit AsyncWorker(const Object& receiver, const Function& callback);
+  explicit AsyncWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                       const Function& callback,
+                       const char* resource_name);
+  explicit AsyncWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                       const Function& callback,
+                       const char* resource_name,
+                       const Object& resource);
+
+  explicit AsyncWorker(Napi::Env env);
+  explicit AsyncWorker(Napi::Env env, const char* resource_name);
+  explicit AsyncWorker(Napi::Env env,
+                       const char* resource_name,
+                       const Object& resource);
+
+  virtual void Execute() = 0;
+  virtual void OnOK();
+  virtual void OnError(const Error& e);
+  virtual void Destroy();
+  virtual std::vector<napi_value> GetResult(Napi::Env env);
+
+  void SetError(const std::string& error);
+
+ private:
+  static inline void OnAsyncWorkExecute(napi_env env, void* asyncworker);
+  static inline void OnAsyncWorkComplete(napi_env env,
+                                         napi_status status,
+                                         void* asyncworker);
+
+  napi_env _env;
+  napi_async_work _work;
+  ObjectReference _receiver;
+  FunctionReference _callback;
+  std::string _error;
+  bool _suppress_destruct;
+};
+#endif  // NAPI_HAS_THREADS
+
+#if (NAPI_VERSION > 3 && NAPI_HAS_THREADS)
+class ThreadSafeFunction {
+ public:
+  // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+  template <typename ResourceString>
+  static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                const Function& callback,
+                                ResourceString resourceName,
+                                size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                size_t initialThreadCount);
+
+  // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+  template <typename ResourceString, typename ContextType>
+  static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                const Function& callback,
+                                ResourceString resourceName,
+                                size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                ContextType* context);
+
+  // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+  template <typename ResourceString, typename Finalizer>
+  static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                const Function& callback,
+                                ResourceString resourceName,
+                                size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                Finalizer finalizeCallback);
+
+  // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+  template <typename ResourceString,
+            typename Finalizer,
+            typename FinalizerDataType>
+  static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                const Function& callback,
+                                ResourceString resourceName,
+                                size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                FinalizerDataType* data);
+
+  // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+  template <typename ResourceString, typename ContextType, typename Finalizer>
+  static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                const Function& callback,
+                                ResourceString resourceName,
+                                size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                ContextType* context,
+                                Finalizer finalizeCallback);
+
+  // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+  template <typename ResourceString,
+            typename ContextType,
+            typename Finalizer,
+            typename FinalizerDataType>
+  static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                const Function& callback,
+                                ResourceString resourceName,
+                                size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                ContextType* context,
+                                Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                FinalizerDataType* data);
+
+  // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+  template <typename ResourceString>
+  static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                const Function& callback,
+                                const Object& resource,
+                                ResourceString resourceName,
+                                size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                size_t initialThreadCount);
+
+  // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+  template <typename ResourceString, typename ContextType>
+  static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                const Function& callback,
+                                const Object& resource,
+                                ResourceString resourceName,
+                                size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                ContextType* context);
+
+  // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+  template <typename ResourceString, typename Finalizer>
+  static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                const Function& callback,
+                                const Object& resource,
+                                ResourceString resourceName,
+                                size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                Finalizer finalizeCallback);
+
+  // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+  template <typename ResourceString,
+            typename Finalizer,
+            typename FinalizerDataType>
+  static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                const Function& callback,
+                                const Object& resource,
+                                ResourceString resourceName,
+                                size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                FinalizerDataType* data);
+
+  // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+  template <typename ResourceString, typename ContextType, typename Finalizer>
+  static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                const Function& callback,
+                                const Object& resource,
+                                ResourceString resourceName,
+                                size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                ContextType* context,
+                                Finalizer finalizeCallback);
+
+  // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+  template <typename ResourceString,
+            typename ContextType,
+            typename Finalizer,
+            typename FinalizerDataType>
+  static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                const Function& callback,
+                                const Object& resource,
+                                ResourceString resourceName,
+                                size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                ContextType* context,
+                                Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                FinalizerDataType* data);
+
+  ThreadSafeFunction();
+  ThreadSafeFunction(napi_threadsafe_function tsFunctionValue);
+
+  operator napi_threadsafe_function() const;
+
+  // This API may be called from any thread.
+  napi_status BlockingCall() const;
+
+  // This API may be called from any thread.
+  template <typename Callback>
+  napi_status BlockingCall(Callback callback) const;
+
+  // This API may be called from any thread.
+  template <typename DataType, typename Callback>
+  napi_status BlockingCall(DataType* data, Callback callback) const;
+
+  // This API may be called from any thread.
+  napi_status NonBlockingCall() const;
+
+  // This API may be called from any thread.
+  template <typename Callback>
+  napi_status NonBlockingCall(Callback callback) const;
+
+  // This API may be called from any thread.
+  template <typename DataType, typename Callback>
+  napi_status NonBlockingCall(DataType* data, Callback callback) const;
+
+  // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+  void Ref(napi_env env) const;
+
+  // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+  void Unref(napi_env env) const;
+
+  // This API may be called from any thread.
+  napi_status Acquire() const;
+
+  // This API may be called from any thread.
+  napi_status Release() const;
+
+  // This API may be called from any thread.
+  napi_status Abort() const;
+
+  struct ConvertibleContext {
+    template <class T>
+    operator T*() {
+      return static_cast<T*>(context);
+    }
+    void* context;
+  };
+
+  // This API may be called from any thread.
+  ConvertibleContext GetContext() const;
+
+ private:
+  using CallbackWrapper = std::function<void(Napi::Env, Napi::Function)>;
+
+  template <typename ResourceString,
+            typename ContextType,
+            typename Finalizer,
+            typename FinalizerDataType>
+  static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                const Function& callback,
+                                const Object& resource,
+                                ResourceString resourceName,
+                                size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                ContextType* context,
+                                Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                FinalizerDataType* data,
+                                napi_finalize wrapper);
+
+  napi_status CallInternal(CallbackWrapper* callbackWrapper,
+                           napi_threadsafe_function_call_mode mode) const;
+
+  static void CallJS(napi_env env,
+                     napi_value jsCallback,
+                     void* context,
+                     void* data);
+
+  napi_threadsafe_function _tsfn;
+};
+
+// A TypedThreadSafeFunction by default has no context (nullptr) and can
+// accept any type (void) to its CallJs.
+template <typename ContextType = std::nullptr_t,
+          typename DataType = void,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*) =
+              nullptr>
+class TypedThreadSafeFunction {
+ public:
+  // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+  // Helper function that returns nullptr if running Node-API 5+, otherwise a
+  // non-empty, no-op Function. This provides the ability to specify at
+  // compile-time a callback parameter to `New` that safely does no action
+  // when targeting _any_ Node-API version.
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 4
+  static std::nullptr_t EmptyFunctionFactory(Napi::Env env);
+#else
+  static Napi::Function EmptyFunctionFactory(Napi::Env env);
+#endif
+  static Napi::Function FunctionOrEmpty(Napi::Env env,
+                                        Napi::Function& callback);
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 4
+  // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+  // Creates a new threadsafe function with:
+  //   Callback [missing] Resource [missing] Finalizer [missing]
+  template <typename ResourceString>
+  static TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> New(
+      napi_env env,
+      ResourceString resourceName,
+      size_t maxQueueSize,
+      size_t initialThreadCount,
+      ContextType* context = nullptr);
+
+  // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+  // Creates a new threadsafe function with:
+  //   Callback [missing] Resource [passed] Finalizer [missing]
+  template <typename ResourceString>
+  static TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> New(
+      napi_env env,
+      const Object& resource,
+      ResourceString resourceName,
+      size_t maxQueueSize,
+      size_t initialThreadCount,
+      ContextType* context = nullptr);
+
+  // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+  // Creates a new threadsafe function with:
+  //   Callback [missing] Resource [missing] Finalizer [passed]
+  template <typename ResourceString,
+            typename Finalizer,
+            typename FinalizerDataType = void>
+  static TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> New(
+      napi_env env,
+      ResourceString resourceName,
+      size_t maxQueueSize,
+      size_t initialThreadCount,
+      ContextType* context,
+      Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+      FinalizerDataType* data = nullptr);
+
+  // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+  // Creates a new threadsafe function with:
+  //   Callback [missing] Resource [passed] Finalizer [passed]
+  template <typename ResourceString,
+            typename Finalizer,
+            typename FinalizerDataType = void>
+  static TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> New(
+      napi_env env,
+      const Object& resource,
+      ResourceString resourceName,
+      size_t maxQueueSize,
+      size_t initialThreadCount,
+      ContextType* context,
+      Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+      FinalizerDataType* data = nullptr);
+#endif
+
+  // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+  // Creates a new threadsafe function with:
+  //   Callback [passed] Resource [missing] Finalizer [missing]
+  template <typename ResourceString>
+  static TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> New(
+      napi_env env,
+      const Function& callback,
+      ResourceString resourceName,
+      size_t maxQueueSize,
+      size_t initialThreadCount,
+      ContextType* context = nullptr);
+
+  // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+  // Creates a new threadsafe function with:
+  //   Callback [passed] Resource [passed] Finalizer [missing]
+  template <typename ResourceString>
+  static TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> New(
+      napi_env env,
+      const Function& callback,
+      const Object& resource,
+      ResourceString resourceName,
+      size_t maxQueueSize,
+      size_t initialThreadCount,
+      ContextType* context = nullptr);
+
+  // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+  // Creates a new threadsafe function with:
+  //   Callback [passed] Resource [missing] Finalizer [passed]
+  template <typename ResourceString,
+            typename Finalizer,
+            typename FinalizerDataType = void>
+  static TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> New(
+      napi_env env,
+      const Function& callback,
+      ResourceString resourceName,
+      size_t maxQueueSize,
+      size_t initialThreadCount,
+      ContextType* context,
+      Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+      FinalizerDataType* data = nullptr);
+
+  // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+  // Creates a new threadsafe function with:
+  //   Callback [passed] Resource [passed] Finalizer [passed]
+  template <typename CallbackType,
+            typename ResourceString,
+            typename Finalizer,
+            typename FinalizerDataType>
+  static TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> New(
+      napi_env env,
+      CallbackType callback,
+      const Object& resource,
+      ResourceString resourceName,
+      size_t maxQueueSize,
+      size_t initialThreadCount,
+      ContextType* context,
+      Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+      FinalizerDataType* data = nullptr);
+
+  TypedThreadSafeFunction();
+  TypedThreadSafeFunction(napi_threadsafe_function tsFunctionValue);
+
+  operator napi_threadsafe_function() const;
+
+  // This API may be called from any thread.
+  napi_status BlockingCall(DataType* data = nullptr) const;
+
+  // This API may be called from any thread.
+  napi_status NonBlockingCall(DataType* data = nullptr) const;
+
+  // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+  void Ref(napi_env env) const;
+
+  // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+  void Unref(napi_env env) const;
+
+  // This API may be called from any thread.
+  napi_status Acquire() const;
+
+  // This API may be called from any thread.
+  napi_status Release() const;
+
+  // This API may be called from any thread.
+  napi_status Abort() const;
+
+  // This API may be called from any thread.
+  ContextType* GetContext() const;
+
+ private:
+  template <typename ResourceString,
+            typename Finalizer,
+            typename FinalizerDataType>
+  static TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> New(
+      napi_env env,
+      const Function& callback,
+      const Object& resource,
+      ResourceString resourceName,
+      size_t maxQueueSize,
+      size_t initialThreadCount,
+      ContextType* context,
+      Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+      FinalizerDataType* data,
+      napi_finalize wrapper);
+
+  static void CallJsInternal(napi_env env,
+                             napi_value jsCallback,
+                             void* context,
+                             void* data);
+
+ protected:
+  napi_threadsafe_function _tsfn;
+};
+template <typename DataType>
+class AsyncProgressWorkerBase : public AsyncWorker {
+ public:
+  virtual void OnWorkProgress(DataType* data) = 0;
+  class ThreadSafeData {
+   public:
+    ThreadSafeData(AsyncProgressWorkerBase* asyncprogressworker, DataType* data)
+        : _asyncprogressworker(asyncprogressworker), _data(data) {}
+
+    AsyncProgressWorkerBase* asyncprogressworker() {
+      return _asyncprogressworker;
+    };
+    DataType* data() { return _data; };
+
+   private:
+    AsyncProgressWorkerBase* _asyncprogressworker;
+    DataType* _data;
+  };
+  void OnWorkComplete(Napi::Env env, napi_status status) override;
+
+ protected:
+  explicit AsyncProgressWorkerBase(const Object& receiver,
+                                   const Function& callback,
+                                   const char* resource_name,
+                                   const Object& resource,
+                                   size_t queue_size = 1);
+  virtual ~AsyncProgressWorkerBase();
+
+// Optional callback of Napi::ThreadSafeFunction only available after
+// NAPI_VERSION 4. Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/27791
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 4
+  explicit AsyncProgressWorkerBase(Napi::Env env,
+                                   const char* resource_name,
+                                   const Object& resource,
+                                   size_t queue_size = 1);
+#endif
+
+  static inline void OnAsyncWorkProgress(Napi::Env env,
+                                         Napi::Function jsCallback,
+                                         void* data);
+
+  napi_status NonBlockingCall(DataType* data);
+
+ private:
+  ThreadSafeFunction _tsfn;
+  bool _work_completed = false;
+  napi_status _complete_status;
+  static inline void OnThreadSafeFunctionFinalize(
+      Napi::Env env, void* data, AsyncProgressWorkerBase* context);
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class AsyncProgressWorker : public AsyncProgressWorkerBase<void> {
+ public:
+  virtual ~AsyncProgressWorker();
+
+  class ExecutionProgress {
+    friend class AsyncProgressWorker;
+
+   public:
+    void Signal() const;
+    void Send(const T* data, size_t count) const;
+
+   private:
+    explicit ExecutionProgress(AsyncProgressWorker* worker) : _worker(worker) {}
+    AsyncProgressWorker* const _worker;
+  };
+
+  void OnWorkProgress(void*) override;
+
+ protected:
+  explicit AsyncProgressWorker(const Function& callback);
+  explicit AsyncProgressWorker(const Function& callback,
+                               const char* resource_name);
+  explicit AsyncProgressWorker(const Function& callback,
+                               const char* resource_name,
+                               const Object& resource);
+  explicit AsyncProgressWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                               const Function& callback);
+  explicit AsyncProgressWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                               const Function& callback,
+                               const char* resource_name);
+  explicit AsyncProgressWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                               const Function& callback,
+                               const char* resource_name,
+                               const Object& resource);
+
+// Optional callback of Napi::ThreadSafeFunction only available after
+// NAPI_VERSION 4. Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/27791
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 4
+  explicit AsyncProgressWorker(Napi::Env env);
+  explicit AsyncProgressWorker(Napi::Env env, const char* resource_name);
+  explicit AsyncProgressWorker(Napi::Env env,
+                               const char* resource_name,
+                               const Object& resource);
+#endif
+  virtual void Execute(const ExecutionProgress& progress) = 0;
+  virtual void OnProgress(const T* data, size_t count) = 0;
+
+ private:
+  void Execute() override;
+  void Signal();
+  void SendProgress_(const T* data, size_t count);
+
+  std::mutex _mutex;
+  T* _asyncdata;
+  size_t _asyncsize;
+  bool _signaled;
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class AsyncProgressQueueWorker
+    : public AsyncProgressWorkerBase<std::pair<T*, size_t>> {
+ public:
+  virtual ~AsyncProgressQueueWorker(){};
+
+  class ExecutionProgress {
+    friend class AsyncProgressQueueWorker;
+
+   public:
+    void Signal() const;
+    void Send(const T* data, size_t count) const;
+
+   private:
+    explicit ExecutionProgress(AsyncProgressQueueWorker* worker)
+        : _worker(worker) {}
+    AsyncProgressQueueWorker* const _worker;
+  };
+
+  void OnWorkComplete(Napi::Env env, napi_status status) override;
+  void OnWorkProgress(std::pair<T*, size_t>*) override;
+
+ protected:
+  explicit AsyncProgressQueueWorker(const Function& callback);
+  explicit AsyncProgressQueueWorker(const Function& callback,
+                                    const char* resource_name);
+  explicit AsyncProgressQueueWorker(const Function& callback,
+                                    const char* resource_name,
+                                    const Object& resource);
+  explicit AsyncProgressQueueWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                                    const Function& callback);
+  explicit AsyncProgressQueueWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                                    const Function& callback,
+                                    const char* resource_name);
+  explicit AsyncProgressQueueWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                                    const Function& callback,
+                                    const char* resource_name,
+                                    const Object& resource);
+
+// Optional callback of Napi::ThreadSafeFunction only available after
+// NAPI_VERSION 4. Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/27791
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 4
+  explicit AsyncProgressQueueWorker(Napi::Env env);
+  explicit AsyncProgressQueueWorker(Napi::Env env, const char* resource_name);
+  explicit AsyncProgressQueueWorker(Napi::Env env,
+                                    const char* resource_name,
+                                    const Object& resource);
+#endif
+  virtual void Execute(const ExecutionProgress& progress) = 0;
+  virtual void OnProgress(const T* data, size_t count) = 0;
+
+ private:
+  void Execute() override;
+  void Signal() const;
+  void SendProgress_(const T* data, size_t count);
+};
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 3 && NAPI_HAS_THREADS
+
+// Memory management.
+class MemoryManagement {
+ public:
+  static int64_t AdjustExternalMemory(Env env, int64_t change_in_bytes);
+};
+
+// Version management
+class VersionManagement {
+ public:
+  static uint32_t GetNapiVersion(Env env);
+  static const napi_node_version* GetNodeVersion(Env env);
+};
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+template <typename T>
+class Addon : public InstanceWrap<T> {
+ public:
+  static inline Object Init(Env env, Object exports);
+  static T* Unwrap(Object wrapper);
+
+ protected:
+  using AddonProp = ClassPropertyDescriptor<T>;
+  void DefineAddon(Object exports,
+                   const std::initializer_list<AddonProp>& props);
+  Napi::Object DefineProperties(Object object,
+                                const std::initializer_list<AddonProp>& props);
+
+ private:
+  Object entry_point_;
+};
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_CUSTOM_NAMESPACE
+}  // namespace NAPI_CPP_CUSTOM_NAMESPACE
+#endif
+
+}  // namespace Napi
+
+// Inline implementations of all the above class methods are included here.
+#include "napi-inl.h"
+
+#endif  // SRC_NAPI_H_
diff --git a/native/cocos/ui/edit-box/EditBox-openharmony.cpp b/native/cocos/ui/edit-box/EditBox-openharmony.cpp
index 53ae208e0aa..d8ac9b9e94d 100644
--- a/native/cocos/ui/edit-box/EditBox-openharmony.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/ui/edit-box/EditBox-openharmony.cpp
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@
 #include "EditBox.h"
 #include "EditBox-openharmony.h"
 
-#include "cocos/application/ApplicationManager.h"
+#include "application/ApplicationManager.h"
 #include "platform/openharmony/napi/NapiHelper.h"
-#include "cocos/bindings/jswrapper/SeApi.h"
+#include "bindings/jswrapper/SeApi.h"
 
 namespace cc {
 
@@ -70,11 +70,11 @@ void callJSFunc(const ccstd::string &type, const ccstd::string &text) {
 Implementation of EditBox.
 ************************************************************************/
 void EditBox::show(const EditBox::ShowInfo &showInfo) {
-   NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("showEditBox", showInfo.defaultValue.c_str());
+    NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("showEditBox", Napi::String::New(NapiHelper::getWorkerEnv(), showInfo.defaultValue));
 }
 
 void EditBox::hide() {
-    NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("hideEditBox", "");
+    NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("hideEditBox", Napi::String::New(NapiHelper::getWorkerEnv(), ""));
 }
 
 bool EditBox::complete() {
@@ -82,30 +82,24 @@ bool EditBox::complete() {
     return true;
 }
 
-void OpenHarmonyEditBox::GetInterfaces(std::vector<napi_property_descriptor> &descriptors) {
-#if CC_USE_EDITBOX
-    descriptors = {
-        DECLARE_NAPI_FUNCTION("onTextChange", OpenHarmonyEditBox::napiOnTextChange),
-        DECLARE_NAPI_FUNCTION("onComplete", OpenHarmonyEditBox::napiOnComplete),
-    };
-#endif
-}
-
-napi_value OpenHarmonyEditBox::napiOnComplete(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
+void OpenHarmonyEditBox::napiOnComplete(const Napi::CallbackInfo &info) {
     EditBox::complete();
-    return nullptr;
 }
 
-napi_value OpenHarmonyEditBox::napiOnTextChange(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
-    size_t      argc = 1;
-    napi_value  args[1];
-    NAPI_CALL(env, napi_get_cb_info(env, info, &argc, args, nullptr, nullptr));
-    napi_status status;
-    char   buffer[512];
-    size_t result = 0;
-    NODE_API_CALL(status, env, napi_get_value_string_utf8(env, args[0], buffer, 512, &result));
-    callJSFunc("input", std::string(buffer));
-    return nullptr;
+void OpenHarmonyEditBox::napiOnTextChange(const Napi::CallbackInfo &info) {
+    auto env = info.Env();
+    if (info.Length() != 1) {
+        Napi::Error::New(env, "napiOnTextChange, 1 argument expected").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!info[0].IsString()) {
+        Napi::TypeError::New(env, "napiOnTextChange, string argument expected").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ccstd::string buffer = info[0].As<Napi::String>().Utf8Value();
+    callJSFunc("input", buffer);
 }
 
 } // namespace cc
diff --git a/native/cocos/ui/edit-box/EditBox-openharmony.h b/native/cocos/ui/edit-box/EditBox-openharmony.h
index 79d8d2a4a91..e57aaa97f7a 100644
--- a/native/cocos/ui/edit-box/EditBox-openharmony.h
+++ b/native/cocos/ui/edit-box/EditBox-openharmony.h
@@ -26,16 +26,13 @@
 #include "EditBox.h"
 #include "cocos/application/ApplicationManager.h"
 #include "platform/openharmony/napi/NapiHelper.h"
-#include "cocos/bindings/jswrapper/SeApi.h"
 
 namespace cc {
 
 class OpenHarmonyEditBox : public EditBox {
 public:
-    static void GetInterfaces(std::vector<napi_property_descriptor>& descriptors);
-    
-    static napi_value napiOnComplete(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
-    static napi_value napiOnTextChange(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
+    static void napiOnComplete(const Napi::CallbackInfo &info);
+    static void napiOnTextChange(const Napi::CallbackInfo &info);
 
     static napi_value show(const std::string& inputMessage);
     static napi_value hide();
diff --git a/native/cocos/ui/webview/WebViewImpl-openharmony.cpp b/native/cocos/ui/webview/WebViewImpl-openharmony.cpp
index 6915a40ee7a..9ef5452f930 100644
--- a/native/cocos/ui/webview/WebViewImpl-openharmony.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/ui/webview/WebViewImpl-openharmony.cpp
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ static ccstd::unordered_map<int, WebViewImpl *> sWebViewImpls;
 WebViewImpl::WebViewImpl(WebView *webView) : _viewTag(-1),
                                              _webView(webView) {
     _viewTag = kWebViewTag++;
-    NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("createWebView", _viewTag);
+    NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("createWebView", Napi::Number::New(NapiHelper::getWorkerEnv(), static_cast<double>(_viewTag)));
     sWebViewImpls[_viewTag] = this;
 }
 
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ WebViewImpl::~WebViewImpl() {
 
 void WebViewImpl::destroy() {
     if (_viewTag != -1) {
-        NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("removeWebView", _viewTag);
+        NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("removeWebView", Napi::Number::New(NapiHelper::getWorkerEnv(), static_cast<double>(_viewTag)));
         auto iter = sWebViewImpls.find(_viewTag);
         if (iter != sWebViewImpls.end()) {
             sWebViewImpls.erase(iter);
@@ -107,44 +107,54 @@ void WebViewImpl::loadData(const Data &data, const ccstd::string &mimeType,
                            const ccstd::string &encoding, const ccstd::string &baseURL) {
     ccstd::string dataString(reinterpret_cast<char *>(data.getBytes()),
                              static_cast<unsigned int>(data.getSize()));
-    ccstd::unordered_map<ccstd::string, cc::Value> vals;
-    vals.insert(std::make_pair("tag", _viewTag));
-    vals.insert(std::make_pair("contents", cc::Value(dataString)));
-    vals.insert(std::make_pair("mimeType", mimeType));
-    vals.insert(std::make_pair("encoding", encoding));
-    vals.insert(std::make_pair("baseUrl", baseURL));
-    NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("loadData", vals);
+
+    auto env = NapiHelper::getWorkerEnv();
+    auto args = Napi::Object::New(env);
+    args["tag"] = Napi::Number::New(env, static_cast<double>(_viewTag));
+    args["contents"] = Napi::String::New(env, dataString);
+    args["mimeType"] = Napi::String::New(env, mimeType);
+    args["encoding"] = Napi::String::New(env, encoding);
+    args["baseUrl"] = Napi::String::New(env, baseURL);
+
+    NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("loadData", args);
 }
 
 void WebViewImpl::loadHTMLString(const ccstd::string &string, const ccstd::string &baseURL) {
-    ccstd::unordered_map<ccstd::string, cc::Value> vals;
-    vals.insert(std::make_pair("tag", _viewTag));
-    vals.insert(std::make_pair("contents", cc::Value(string)));
-    vals.insert(std::make_pair("baseUrl", baseURL));
-    NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("loadHTMLString", vals);
+    auto env = NapiHelper::getWorkerEnv();
+    auto args = Napi::Object::New(env);
+    args["tag"] = Napi::Number::New(env, static_cast<double>(_viewTag));
+    args["contents"] = Napi::String::New(env, string);
+    args["baseUrl"] = Napi::String::New(env, baseURL);
+
+    NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("loadHTMLString", args);
 }
 
 void WebViewImpl::loadURL(const ccstd::string &url) {
-    ccstd::unordered_map<ccstd::string, cc::Value> vals;
-    vals.insert(std::make_pair("tag", _viewTag));
-    vals.insert(std::make_pair("url", url));
-    NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("loadUrl", vals);
+    auto env = NapiHelper::getWorkerEnv();
+    auto args = Napi::Object::New(env);
+    args["tag"] = Napi::Number::New(env, static_cast<double>(_viewTag));
+    args["url"] = Napi::String::New(env, url);
+
+    NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("loadUrl", args);
 }
 
 void WebViewImpl::loadFile(const ccstd::string &fileName) {
     auto fullPath = getUrlStringByFileName(fileName);
-    ccstd::unordered_map<ccstd::string, cc::Value> vals;
-    vals.insert(std::make_pair("tag", _viewTag));
-    vals.insert(std::make_pair("url", fullPath));
-    NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("loadUrl", vals);
+
+    auto env = NapiHelper::getWorkerEnv();
+    auto args = Napi::Object::New(env);
+    args["tag"] = Napi::Number::New(env, static_cast<double>(_viewTag));
+    args["url"] = Napi::String::New(env, fullPath);
+
+    NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("loadUrl", args);
 }
 
 void WebViewImpl::stopLoading() {
-    NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("stopLoading", _viewTag);
+    NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("stopLoading", Napi::Number::New(NapiHelper::getWorkerEnv(), static_cast<double>(_viewTag)));
 }
 
 void WebViewImpl::reload() {
-    NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("reload", _viewTag);
+    NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("reload", Napi::Number::New(NapiHelper::getWorkerEnv(), static_cast<double>(_viewTag)));
 }
 
 bool WebViewImpl::canGoBack() {
@@ -158,11 +168,11 @@ bool WebViewImpl::canGoForward() {
 }
 
 void WebViewImpl::goBack() {
-    NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("goBack", _viewTag);
+    NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("goBack", Napi::Number::New(NapiHelper::getWorkerEnv(), static_cast<double>(_viewTag)));
 }
 
 void WebViewImpl::goForward() {
-     NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("goForward", _viewTag);
+     NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("goForward", Napi::Number::New(NapiHelper::getWorkerEnv(), static_cast<double>(_viewTag)));
 }
 
 void WebViewImpl::setJavascriptInterfaceScheme(const ccstd::string &scheme) {
@@ -170,14 +180,16 @@ void WebViewImpl::setJavascriptInterfaceScheme(const ccstd::string &scheme) {
 }
 
 void WebViewImpl::evaluateJS(const ccstd::string &js) {
-    ccstd::unordered_map<ccstd::string, cc::Value> vals;
-    vals.insert(std::make_pair("tag", _viewTag));
-    vals.insert(std::make_pair("jsContents", js));
-    NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("evaluateJS", vals);
+    auto env = NapiHelper::getWorkerEnv();
+    auto args = Napi::Object::New(env);
+    args["tag"] = Napi::Number::New(env, static_cast<double>(_viewTag));
+    args["jsContents"] = Napi::String::New(env, js);
+
+    NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("evaluateJS", args);
 }
 
 void WebViewImpl::setScalesPageToFit(bool scalesPageToFit) {
-    NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("setScalesPageToFit", _viewTag);
+    NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("setScalesPageToFit", Napi::Number::New(NapiHelper::getWorkerEnv(), static_cast<double>(_viewTag)));
 }
 
 bool WebViewImpl::shouldStartLoading(int viewTag, const ccstd::string &url) {
@@ -223,21 +235,24 @@ void WebViewImpl::onJsCallback(int viewTag, const ccstd::string &message) {
 }
 
 void WebViewImpl::setVisible(bool visible) {
-    ccstd::unordered_map<ccstd::string, cc::Value> vals;
-    vals.insert(std::make_pair("tag", _viewTag));
-    vals.insert(std::make_pair("visible", visible));
-    NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("setVisible", vals);
+    auto env = NapiHelper::getWorkerEnv();
+    auto args = Napi::Object::New(env);
+    args["tag"] = Napi::Number::New(env, static_cast<double>(_viewTag));
+    args["visible"] = Napi::Boolean::New(env, visible);
+
+    NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("setVisible", args);
 }
 
 void WebViewImpl::setFrame(float x, float y, float width, float height) {
-    //cc::Rect rect(x, y, width, height);
-    ccstd::unordered_map<ccstd::string, cc::Value> vals;
-    vals.insert(std::make_pair("tag", _viewTag));
-    vals.insert(std::make_pair("x", x));
-    vals.insert(std::make_pair("y", y));
-    vals.insert(std::make_pair("w", width));
-    vals.insert(std::make_pair("h", height));
-    NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("setWebViewRect", vals);
+    auto env = NapiHelper::getWorkerEnv();
+    auto args = Napi::Object::New(env);
+    args["tag"] = Napi::Number::New(env, static_cast<double>(_viewTag));
+    args["x"] = Napi::Number::New(env, x);
+    args["y"] = Napi::Number::New(env, y);
+    args["w"] = Napi::Number::New(env, width);
+    args["h"] = Napi::Number::New(env, height);
+
+    NapiHelper::postMessageToUIThread("setWebViewRect", args);
 }
 
 void WebViewImpl::setBounces(bool bounces) {
@@ -248,85 +263,50 @@ void WebViewImpl::setBackgroundTransparent(bool isTransparent) {
     // TODO(qgh):OpenHarmony is not supported at this time
 }
 
-void OpenHarmonyWebView::GetInterfaces(std::vector<napi_property_descriptor> &descriptors) {
-    descriptors = {
-        DECLARE_NAPI_FUNCTION("shouldStartLoading", OpenHarmonyWebView::napiShouldStartLoading),
-        DECLARE_NAPI_FUNCTION("finishLoading", OpenHarmonyWebView::napiFinishLoading),
-        DECLARE_NAPI_FUNCTION("failLoading", OpenHarmonyWebView::napiFailLoading),
-        DECLARE_NAPI_FUNCTION("jsCallback", OpenHarmonyWebView::napiJsCallback),
-    };
-}
+static void getViewTagAndUrlFromCallbackInfo(const Napi::CallbackInfo &info, int32_t *viewTag, ccstd::string *url) {
+    auto env = info.Env();
+    if (info.Length() != 2) {
+        Napi::Error::New(env, "napiShouldStartLoading, 2 arguments expected").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+        return;
+    }
 
-napi_value OpenHarmonyWebView::napiShouldStartLoading(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
-    size_t      argc = 2;
-    napi_value  args[2];
-    NAPI_CALL(env, napi_get_cb_info(env, info, &argc, args, nullptr, nullptr));
-    
-    se::ValueArray seArgs;
-    seArgs.reserve(2);   
-    se::internal::jsToSeArgs(argc, args, &seArgs);
+    auto arg0 = info[0].As<Napi::Number>();
+    auto arg1 = info[1].As<Napi::String>();
 
-    int32_t viewTag;
-    sevalue_to_native(seArgs[0], &viewTag, nullptr);
+    if (env.IsExceptionPending()) {
+        return;
+    }
 
-    std::string url;
-    sevalue_to_native(seArgs[1], &url, nullptr);
-    WebViewImpl::shouldStartLoading(viewTag, url);
-    return nullptr;
+    *viewTag = arg0.Int32Value();
+    *url = arg1.Utf8Value();
 }
 
-napi_value OpenHarmonyWebView::napiFinishLoading(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
-    size_t      argc = 2;
-    napi_value  args[2];
-    NAPI_CALL(env, napi_get_cb_info(env, info, &argc, args, nullptr, nullptr));
-    
-    se::ValueArray seArgs;
-    seArgs.reserve(2);   
-    se::internal::jsToSeArgs(argc, args, &seArgs);
-
-    int32_t viewTag;
-    sevalue_to_native(seArgs[0], &viewTag, nullptr);
+void OpenHarmonyWebView::napiShouldStartLoading(const Napi::CallbackInfo &info) {
+    int32_t viewTag = 0;
+    ccstd::string url;
+    getViewTagAndUrlFromCallbackInfo(info,  &viewTag, &url);
+    WebViewImpl::shouldStartLoading(viewTag, url);
+}
 
-    std::string url;
-    sevalue_to_native(seArgs[1], &url, nullptr);
+void OpenHarmonyWebView::napiFinishLoading(const Napi::CallbackInfo &info) {
+    int32_t viewTag = 0;
+    ccstd::string url;
+    getViewTagAndUrlFromCallbackInfo(info,  &viewTag, &url);
     WebViewImpl::didFinishLoading(viewTag, url);
-    return nullptr;
 }
 
-napi_value OpenHarmonyWebView::napiFailLoading(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
-    size_t      argc = 2;
-    napi_value  args[2];
-    NAPI_CALL(env, napi_get_cb_info(env, info, &argc, args, nullptr, nullptr));
-    
-    se::ValueArray seArgs;
-    seArgs.reserve(2);   
-    se::internal::jsToSeArgs(argc, args, &seArgs);
-
-    int32_t viewTag;
-    sevalue_to_native(seArgs[0], &viewTag, nullptr);
-
-    std::string url;
-    sevalue_to_native(seArgs[1], &url, nullptr);
+void OpenHarmonyWebView::napiFailLoading(const Napi::CallbackInfo &info) {
+    int32_t viewTag = 0;
+    ccstd::string url;
+    getViewTagAndUrlFromCallbackInfo(info,  &viewTag, &url);
     WebViewImpl::didFailLoading(viewTag, url);
-    return nullptr;
 }
 
-napi_value OpenHarmonyWebView::napiJsCallback(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
-    size_t      argc = 2;
-    napi_value  args[2];
-    NAPI_CALL(env, napi_get_cb_info(env, info, &argc, args, nullptr, nullptr));
-    
-    se::ValueArray seArgs;
-    seArgs.reserve(2);   
-    se::internal::jsToSeArgs(argc, args, &seArgs);
-
-    int32_t viewTag;
-    sevalue_to_native(seArgs[0], &viewTag, nullptr);
-
-    std::string url;
-    sevalue_to_native(seArgs[1], &url, nullptr);
+void OpenHarmonyWebView::napiJsCallback(const Napi::CallbackInfo &info) {
+    int32_t viewTag = 0;
+    ccstd::string url;
+    getViewTagAndUrlFromCallbackInfo(info,  &viewTag, &url);
     WebViewImpl::onJsCallback(viewTag, url);
-    return nullptr;
 }
 
 
diff --git a/native/cocos/ui/webview/WebViewImpl-openharmony.h b/native/cocos/ui/webview/WebViewImpl-openharmony.h
index f12c94e50fd..b96f444d5f9 100644
--- a/native/cocos/ui/webview/WebViewImpl-openharmony.h
+++ b/native/cocos/ui/webview/WebViewImpl-openharmony.h
@@ -26,18 +26,16 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "platform/openharmony/napi/NapiHelper.h"
-#include "cocos/bindings/jswrapper/SeApi.h"
 #include "ui/webview/WebViewImpl-java.h"
 
 namespace cc {
 
 class OpenHarmonyWebView {
 public:
-    static void GetInterfaces(std::vector<napi_property_descriptor>& descriptors);
-    static napi_value napiShouldStartLoading(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
-    static napi_value napiFinishLoading(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
-    static napi_value napiFailLoading(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
-    static napi_value napiJsCallback(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
+    static void napiShouldStartLoading(const Napi::CallbackInfo &info);
+    static void napiFinishLoading(const Napi::CallbackInfo &info);
+    static void napiFailLoading(const Napi::CallbackInfo &info);
+    static void napiJsCallback(const Napi::CallbackInfo &info);
 };
 
 } //namespace cc
diff --git a/native/external-config.json b/native/external-config.json
index 58e7de228dc..4a48991f692 100644
--- a/native/external-config.json
+++ b/native/external-config.json
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@
         "type": "github",
         "owner": "cocos-creator",
         "name": "engine-native-external",
-        "checkout": "v3.8.1-18"
+        "checkout": "v3.8.2-2"
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pal/env/native/env.ts b/pal/env/native/env.ts
index 65db77f5cdd..77960f946ca 100644
--- a/pal/env/native/env.ts
+++ b/pal/env/native/env.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
  THE SOFTWARE.
 */
 
-import { PREVIEW } from 'internal:constants';
+import { NATIVE, PREVIEW } from 'internal:constants';
 import { checkPalIntegrity, withImpl } from '../../integrity-check';
 
 declare const require: (path: string) =>  Promise<void>;
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ export function findCanvas (): { frame: HTMLDivElement, container: HTMLDivElemen
 }
 
 export function loadJsFile (path: string): Promise<void> {
-    if (window.oh) {
+    if (NATIVE && window.oh && window.scriptEngineType === 'napi') {
         // TODO(qgh):OpenHarmony does not currently support dynamic require expressions
         window.oh.loadModule(path);
         return Promise.resolve();
diff --git a/pal/screen-adapter/native/screen-adapter.ts b/pal/screen-adapter/native/screen-adapter.ts
index 29cdec1adfa..85b2b79d71b 100644
--- a/pal/screen-adapter/native/screen-adapter.ts
+++ b/pal/screen-adapter/native/screen-adapter.ts
@@ -79,10 +79,8 @@ class ScreenAdapter extends EventTarget {
     public get windowSize (): Size {
         const dpr = this.devicePixelRatio;
         // NOTE: fix precision issue on Metal render end.
-        // TODO: interface for OH only, we need a unified interface @qiuguohua
-        const width = globalThis.oh ? (jsb.device as any).getInnerWidth() : jsb.window.innerWidth;
-        // TODO: interface for OH only, we need a unified interface @qiuguohua
-        const height = globalThis.oh ? (jsb.device as any).getInnerHeight() : jsb.window.innerHeight;
+        const width = jsb.window.innerWidth;
+        const height = jsb.window.innerHeight;
         // NOTE: fix precision issue on Metal render end.
         const roundWidth = Math.round(width);
         const roundHeight = Math.round(height);
diff --git a/platforms/native/builtin/index.js b/platforms/native/builtin/index.js
index b96429fbbd1..386245ac497 100644
--- a/platforms/native/builtin/index.js
+++ b/platforms/native/builtin/index.js
@@ -116,7 +116,9 @@ function createTimeoutInfo (prevFuncArgs, isRepeat) {
     return info.id;
 }
 
-if (!window.oh) {
+if (window.oh && window.scriptEngineType === 'napi') {
+    console.log(`Openharmony with napi has alreay implemented setTimeout/setInterval`);
+} else {
     // In openharmony, the setTimeout function will conflict with the timer of the worker thread and cause a crash,
     // so you need to use the default timer
     jsbWindow.setTimeout = function (cb) {
diff --git a/platforms/native/engine/index.js b/platforms/native/engine/index.js
index 2ac7d0e4ce7..9a4387a3755 100644
--- a/platforms/native/engine/index.js
+++ b/platforms/native/engine/index.js
@@ -27,10 +27,12 @@ require('./jsb-assets-manager.js');
 require('./jsb-game.js');
 require('./jsb-gfx.js');
 require('./jsb-loader.js');
-if(window.oh)
+
+if (window.oh) {
     require('./jsb-videoplayer-openharmony.js');
-else 
+} else {
     require('./jsb-videoplayer.js');
+}
 require('./jsb-webview.js');
 require('./jsb-editbox.js');
 require('./jsb-editor-support.js');
diff --git a/platforms/native/engine/jsb-gfx.js b/platforms/native/engine/jsb-gfx.js
index 1fa6926dd41..47a214e0703 100644
--- a/platforms/native/engine/jsb-gfx.js
+++ b/platforms/native/engine/jsb-gfx.js
@@ -57,8 +57,7 @@ deviceProto.copyTexImagesToTexture = function (texImages, texture, regions) {
 
 const oldDeviceCreateSwapchainFunc = deviceProto.createSwapchain;
 deviceProto.createSwapchain = function (info) {
-    // In openharmony, we need to get the window handle through the jsb interface
-    info.windowHandle = window.oh ? jsb.device.getWindowHandle() : jsbWindow.windowHandler;
+    info.windowHandle = jsbWindow.windowHandle;
     return oldDeviceCreateSwapchainFunc.call(this, info);
 };
 
diff --git a/platforms/native/engine/jsb-loader.js b/platforms/native/engine/jsb-loader.js
index 59e88aaa395..322d55bef8f 100644
--- a/platforms/native/engine/jsb-loader.js
+++ b/platforms/native/engine/jsb-loader.js
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ function downloadScript (url, options, onComplete) {
     if (loadedScripts[url]) return onComplete && onComplete();
 
     download(url, (src, options, onComplete) => {
-        if (window.oh) {
+        if (window.oh && window.scriptEngineType === 'napi') {
             // TODO(qgh):OpenHarmony does not currently support dynamic require expressions
             window.oh.loadModule(src);
         } else if (__EDITOR__) {
diff --git a/templates/cmake/openharmony.cmake b/templates/cmake/openharmony.cmake
index 762f0192e99..39bcbece4a4 100644
--- a/templates/cmake/openharmony.cmake
+++ b/templates/cmake/openharmony.cmake
@@ -11,6 +11,13 @@ macro(cc_openharmony_after_target target_name)
     target_link_libraries(${target_name}
         ${ENGINE_NAME}
     )
+
+    target_link_options(${target_name} PRIVATE -Wl,--gc-sections)
+
+    if("${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" STREQUAL "Release")
+        target_link_options(${target_name} PRIVATE -Wl,-s)
+    endif()
+
     target_include_directories(${target_name} PRIVATE
         ${CC_PROJECT_DIR}/../common/Classes
     )
diff --git a/templates/openharmony/entry/src/main/ets/cocos/game.ts b/templates/openharmony/entry/src/main/ets/cocos/game.ts
index 30d203a2e2b..d2832b84c33 100644
--- a/templates/openharmony/entry/src/main/ets/cocos/game.ts
+++ b/templates/openharmony/entry/src/main/ets/cocos/game.ts
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ export function launchEngine (): Promise<void> {
     // @ts-ignore
     window.global = window;
     // @ts-ignore
-    window.oh = {};
+    window.oh = window.oh || {};
     return import('./jsb-adapter/sys-ability-polyfill.js').then(({ systemReady }) => {
         return systemReady().then(() => {
             // @ts-ignore
diff --git a/templates/openharmony/entry/src/main/ets/common/Constants.ts b/templates/openharmony/entry/src/main/ets/common/Constants.ts
index 5fba78be9f6..cb0e64fc7e0 100644
--- a/templates/openharmony/entry/src/main/ets/common/Constants.ts
+++ b/templates/openharmony/entry/src/main/ets/common/Constants.ts
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ export enum ContextType {
     EDITBOX_UTILS,
     WEBVIEW_UTILS,
     UV_ASYNC_SEND,
+    VIDEO_UTILS,
 }
 
 export class Constants {
diff --git a/templates/openharmony/entry/src/main/ets/workers/cocos_worker.ts b/templates/openharmony/entry/src/main/ets/workers/cocos_worker.ts
index 4b2c9e97822..c37faf6c649 100644
--- a/templates/openharmony/entry/src/main/ets/workers/cocos_worker.ts
+++ b/templates/openharmony/entry/src/main/ets/workers/cocos_worker.ts
@@ -26,14 +26,27 @@
 import worker from '@ohos.worker';
 import nativerender from "libcocos.so";
 import { ContextType } from "../common/Constants"
+<% if(!useV8) { %>
 import { launchEngine } from '../cocos/game'
-import {PortProxy} from '../common/PortProxy.ts'
+<% } %>
+import {PortProxy} from '../common/PortProxy'
+
+globalThis.oh = globalThis.oh || {};
+
+if (!(console as any).assert) {
+    (console as any).assert = function(cond, msg) {
+        if (!cond) {
+            throw new Error(msg);
+        }
+    };
+}
 
 const nativeContext = nativerender.getContext(ContextType.WORKER_INIT);
 nativeContext.workerInit()
 
 const nativeEditBox = nativerender.getContext(ContextType.EDITBOX_UTILS);
 const nativeWebView = nativerender.getContext(ContextType.WEBVIEW_UTILS);
+const nativeVideo = nativerender.getContext(ContextType.VIDEO_UTILS);
 
 let uiPort = new PortProxy(worker.parentPort);
 nativeContext.postMessage = function(msgType: string, msgData:string) {
@@ -57,15 +70,18 @@ uiPort._messageHandle = function(e) {
         case "onXCLoad":
             const renderContext = nativerender.getContext(ContextType.NATIVE_RENDER_API);
             renderContext.nativeEngineInit();
+
+            <% if(!useV8) { %>
             launchEngine().then(() => {
                 console.info('launch CC engine finished');
             }).catch(e => {
                 console.error('launch CC engine failed');
             });
+            <% } %>
            // @ts-ignore
-            window.oh.postMessage = nativeContext.postMessage;
+            globalThis.oh.postMessage = nativeContext.postMessage;
            // @ts-ignore
-            window.oh.postSyncMessage = nativeContext.postSyncMessage;
+            globalThis.oh.postSyncMessage = nativeContext.postSyncMessage;
             renderContext.nativeEngineStart();
             break;
         case "onTextInput":
@@ -85,10 +101,12 @@ uiPort._messageHandle = function(e) {
             break;
         case "onVideoEvent":
             // @ts-ignore
-            if(window.oh && typeof window.oh.onVideoEvent === "function") {
+            if(globalThis.oh && typeof globalThis.oh.onVideoEvent === "function") {
                 // @ts-ignore
-                window.oh.onVideoEvent(msg.param.videoTag, msg.param.videoEvent, msg.param.args);
-            }
+                globalThis.oh.onVideoEvent(msg.param.videoTag, msg.param.videoEvent, msg.param.args);
+            } else {
+	    	nativeVideo.onVideoEvent(msg.param.videoTag, msg.param.videoEvent, msg.param.args);
+	    }
             break;
         default:
             console.error("cocos worker: message type unknown");

From db10a2624bba2cb21cce2fad15be4d2d9184f0b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James Chen <dumganhar@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 1 Sep 2023 18:07:06 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 12/59] Add openharmony CI support for v3.8.2 branch (#16170)

* Add openharmony CI support (#16151)

* Add ci support for Openharmony

* Add ci support for Openharmony

* Update native-compile-platforms.yml

* Update native-compile-platforms.yml

* Update ci yml

* Add executable permission for hvigorw

* Don't output too many log

* test hvigorw now

* Update ci yml

* Update ci yml

* Fix that could not find common/CMakeLists.txt

* build success

* Build hap package

* Update oh ci yml, save USE_SE_V8/USE_SE_NAPI to cfg.cmake

* Update oh ci yml
---
 .../workflows/native-compile-platforms.yml    | 151 ++++++++++++++++++
 templates/openharmony/hvigorw                 |   0
 2 files changed, 151 insertions(+)
 mode change 100644 => 100755 templates/openharmony/hvigorw

diff --git a/.github/workflows/native-compile-platforms.yml b/.github/workflows/native-compile-platforms.yml
index c90b496ec70..272a98f70bb 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/native-compile-platforms.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/native-compile-platforms.yml
@@ -206,6 +206,157 @@ jobs:
           df -h
           echo "Compile Android Debug Done!"
 
+  compile_openharmony:
+    name: "Openharmony"
+    if: 
+      (! contains(github.event.pull_request.body, '[X] does not change any runtime related code or build configuration'))
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Download external libraries
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          EXT_VERSION=`node ./.github/workflows/get-native-external-version.js`
+          git clone --branch $EXT_VERSION --depth 1 https://github.com/cocos/cocos-engine-external native/external
+      - uses: actions/setup-java@v3
+        id: setup-jdk
+        with:
+          distribution: 'zulu'
+          java-version: '17'
+      - name: Get oh sdk cache directory path
+        id: oh-sdk-cache-dir-path
+        run: |
+          echo "cache dir: "
+          echo "dir=$HOME/openharmony" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+      - name: Output cache dir
+        run: |
+          echo "Output cache dir: ${{ steps.oh-sdk-cache-dir-path.outputs.dir }}"
+
+      - name: Cache OH SDK
+        id: cache-oh-sdk
+        uses: actions/cache@v3
+        env:
+          cache-name: cache-oh-sdk-2
+        with:
+          path: ${{ steps.oh-sdk-cache-dir-path.outputs.dir }}
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-build-${{ env.cache-name }}
+
+      - name: Add package.json
+        run: |
+          echo "{}" > package.json
+          echo "{\"name\": \"tests\",\"lockfileVersion\": 3,\"requires\": true,\"packages\": {}}" > package-lock.json
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+        with:
+          node-version: 14
+          cache: 'npm'
+
+      - if: ${{ steps.cache-oh-sdk.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' }}
+        name: No Cache found, install oh sdk
+        continue-on-error: false
+        run: |
+          if [ ! -d "$HOME/openharmony" ]; then
+            mkdir -p $HOME/openharmony
+            echo "Download commandline-tools-linux.zip ..."
+            curl -o commandline-tools-linux.zip "https://contentcenter-vali-drcn.dbankcdn.cn/pvt_2/DeveloperAlliance_package_901_9/b1/v3/E6zhv5UFQ2-inIwNJhTN6Q/commandline-tools-linux-2.0.0.2.zip?HW-CC-KV=V1&HW-CC-Date=20230621T074401Z&HW-CC-Expire=315360000&HW-CC-Sign=621224257B02079B1E76C0A56FDF21483400B1E3556213F88DC79BC9BE7D595D"
+            echo "Unzip commandline-tools-linux.zip ..."
+            unzip commandline-tools-linux.zip -d $HOME/openharmony > /dev/null
+            cd $HOME/openharmony
+            ls -l
+            cd command-line-tools
+            echo "=============== PATCHING sdkmanager/bin/sdkmgr file ==============="
+            sed -i "s@-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8@-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Duser.country=CN@g" ./sdkmanager/bin/sdkmgr
+            cd bin
+            ./sdkmgr list
+            echo "=============== INSTALL HOS toolchains:9 ==============="
+            ./sdkmgr install toolchains:9 --accept-license > /dev/null
+            echo "=============== INSTALL OH SDK ets:9 ==============="
+            ./sdkmgr install OpenHarmony/ets:9 --accept-license > /dev/null
+            echo "=============== INSTALL OH SDK js:9 ==============="
+            ./sdkmgr install OpenHarmony/js:9 --accept-license > /dev/null
+            echo "=============== INSTALL OH SDK native:9 ==============="
+            ./sdkmgr install OpenHarmony/native:9 --accept-license > /dev/null
+            echo "=============== INSTALL OH SDK toolchains:9 ==============="
+            ./sdkmgr install OpenHarmony/toolchains:9 --accept-license > /dev/null
+            echo "=============== INSTALL OH SDK DONE ==============="
+            ./sdkmgr list
+          fi
+
+      - name: Compile for Openharmony
+        run: |
+          which node
+          which npm
+          which java
+          node -v
+          npm -v
+          java --version
+          echo "=============== list files in oh sdk ($HOME/openharmony) ==============="
+          pushd $HOME/openharmony
+          ls -l
+          popd
+
+          NATIVE_ROOT=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/native
+          echo "Compiling Openharmony ... "
+
+          cd $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/templates/openharmony
+
+          echo "message(STATUS \"hook before \${CC_TARGET_NAME}\")" >> Pre-Sample.cmake
+          echo "message(STATUS \"hook after \${CC_TARGET_NAME}\")" >> Post-Sample.cmake
+
+          mkdir -p build-oh/proj
+          touch build-oh/proj/cfg.cmake
+          echo "set(CC_USE_GLES3 ON)" >> build-oh/proj/cfg.cmake
+          echo "set(CC_USE_VULKAN OFF)" >> build-oh/proj/cfg.cmake
+          echo "set(CC_USE_GLES2 ON)" >> build-oh/proj/cfg.cmake
+          echo "set(USE_WEBSOCKET_SERVER OFF)" >> build-oh/proj/cfg.cmake
+          echo "set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)" >> build-oh/proj/cfg.cmake
+          echo "set(COCOS_X_PATH $NATIVE_ROOT)" >> build-oh/proj/cfg.cmake
+          echo "set(CC_EXECUTABLE_NAME \"\")" >> build-oh/proj/cfg.cmake
+          echo "set(USE_SE_V8 OFF)" >> build-oh/proj/cfg.cmake
+          echo "set(USE_SE_NAPI ON)" >> build-oh/proj/cfg.cmake
+
+          echo "=============== cat build-oh/proj/cfg.cmake ==============="
+          cat build-oh/proj/cfg.cmake
+
+          mkdir -p build-oh/assets
+
+          ASSET_DIR=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/templates/openharmony/build-oh
+
+          echo "=============== HACK ./entry/build-profile.json5 ==============="
+          sed -i "s@[^-]DRES_DIR[^=]@$ASSET_DIR@g" ./entry/build-profile.json5
+          sed -i "s@[^-]DCOMMON_DIR[^=]@$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/templates/common@g" ./entry/build-profile.json5
+          # To speedup CI, compile arm64-v8a only
+          sed -i "s@\"armeabi-v7a\",@@g" ./entry/build-profile.json5
+
+          echo "entry/build-profile.json5: "
+          cat ./entry/build-profile.json5
+
+          echo "=============== HACK ./hvigor/hvigor-wrapper.js ==============="
+          sed -i "s@HVIGOR_WRAPPER_PNPM_SCRIPT_PATH,\[\"install\"\]@HVIGOR_WRAPPER_PNPM_SCRIPT_PATH,\[\"install\", \"--lockfile=false\"\]@g" ./hvigor/hvigor-wrapper.js
+
+          echo "=============== SET NPM OH REGISTRY ==============="
+          echo "@ohos:registry=https://repo.harmonyos.com/npm/" >> ~/.npmrc
+          npm config get @ohos:registry
+          npm config get registry
+
+          echo "=============== UPDATE local.properties ==============="
+          echo "nodejs.dir=/usr/bin" >> local.properties
+          echo "hwsdk.dir=$HOME/openharmony/hwsdk" >> local.properties
+
+          echo "=============== UPDATE ./hvigor/hvigor-config.json5 ==============="
+          echo "{\"hvigorVersion\":\"3.0.2\",\"dependencies\":{\"@ohos/hvigor-ohos-plugin\":\"3.0.2\"}}" > ./hvigor/hvigor-config.json5
+
+          echo "=============== Do not import game.ts for cocos_worker.ts ==============="
+          sed -i '/<% if(!useV8) { %>/,/<% } %>/d' ./entry/src/main/ets/workers/cocos_worker.ts
+
+          echo "=============== EXECUTE hvigorw ==============="
+          ./hvigorw clean -i
+          ./hvigorw --stop-daemon -i
+          ./hvigorw assembleHap -p debuggable=true --no-daemon -d
+          #./hvigorw default@ProcessLibs -p debuggable=true --no-daemon -d
+          echo "=============== EXECUTE hvigorw DONE ==============="
+
+
   compile_mac_x86_64:
     name: "MacOS x86_64"
     if: 
diff --git a/templates/openharmony/hvigorw b/templates/openharmony/hvigorw
old mode 100644
new mode 100755

From 48a5791b9d2db1d40c9ed4117cc15314e8620fb9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zach Lee <bluesky013@126.com>
Date: Mon, 4 Sep 2023 15:08:43 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 13/59] fix format validation. (#16177)

---
 native/cocos/core/assets/SimpleTexture.cpp | 10 ++++++++--
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/native/cocos/core/assets/SimpleTexture.cpp b/native/cocos/core/assets/SimpleTexture.cpp
index 74e0018b1fe..b24457e5318 100644
--- a/native/cocos/core/assets/SimpleTexture.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/core/assets/SimpleTexture.cpp
@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ void SimpleTexture::createTexture(gfx::Device *device) {
     }
 
     auto flags = gfx::TextureFlagBit::NONE;
+    auto usage = gfx::TextureUsageBit::SAMPLED | gfx::TextureUsageBit::TRANSFER_DST;
     if (_mipFilter != Filter::NONE && canGenerateMipmap(_width, _height)) {
         _mipmapLevel = getMipLevel(_width, _height);
         if (!isUsingOfflineMipmaps() && !isCompressed()) {
@@ -139,9 +140,14 @@ void SimpleTexture::createTexture(gfx::Device *device) {
         }
     }
 
+    const auto gfxFormat = getGFXFormat();
+    if (hasFlag(gfx::Device::getInstance()->getFormatFeatures(gfxFormat), gfx::FormatFeatureBit::RENDER_TARGET)) {
+        usage |= gfx::TextureUsageBit::COLOR_ATTACHMENT;
+    }
+
     auto textureCreateInfo = getGfxTextureCreateInfo(
-        gfx::TextureUsageBit::SAMPLED | gfx::TextureUsageBit::TRANSFER_DST | gfx::TextureUsageBit::COLOR_ATTACHMENT,
-        getGFXFormat(),
+        usage,
+        gfxFormat,
         _mipmapLevel,
         flags);
 

From cdca5b07b82cdac00157fc61e5042d2649a3b0d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: bofeng-song <bofeng.song@chukong-inc.com>
Date: Mon, 4 Sep 2023 16:56:58 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 14/59] Fix orientation does not work normaly on huawei-agc
 platform (#16180)

---
 scripts/native-pack-tool/source/platforms/android.ts    | 2 +-
 scripts/native-pack-tool/source/platforms/huawei-agc.ts | 2 ++
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/scripts/native-pack-tool/source/platforms/android.ts b/scripts/native-pack-tool/source/platforms/android.ts
index 03d3067a868..c5f5ddd154c 100644
--- a/scripts/native-pack-tool/source/platforms/android.ts
+++ b/scripts/native-pack-tool/source/platforms/android.ts
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ const DefaultAPILevel = 27;
 export class AndroidPackTool extends NativePackTool {
     params!: CocosParams<IAndroidParams>;
 
-    private firstTimeBuild: boolean = false;
+    protected firstTimeBuild: boolean = false;
 
     protected async copyPlatformTemplate() {
         // 原生工程不重复拷贝 TODO 复用前需要做版本检测
diff --git a/scripts/native-pack-tool/source/platforms/huawei-agc.ts b/scripts/native-pack-tool/source/platforms/huawei-agc.ts
index c6d96f36747..aa640bebcba 100644
--- a/scripts/native-pack-tool/source/platforms/huawei-agc.ts
+++ b/scripts/native-pack-tool/source/platforms/huawei-agc.ts
@@ -22,8 +22,10 @@ export class HuaweiAGCPackTool extends AndroidPackTool {
             // 拷贝 lite 仓库的 templates/android/template 文件到构建输出目录
             await fs.copy(ps.join(this.paths.nativeTemplateDirInCocos, this._platform, 'template'), this.paths.platformTemplateDirInPrj, { overwrite: false });
             this.writeEngineVersion();
+            super.firstTimeBuild = true;
         } else {
             this.validateNativeDir();
+            super.firstTimeBuild = false;
         }
     }
 

From dc933d3ca2d70577bcbe1f0acb03a3d51443d460 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ling Zhan <lealzhan@126.com>
Date: Tue, 5 Sep 2023 15:11:45 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 15/59] add experimental box2d wasm i18n (#16134)

---
 editor/i18n/en/localization.js | 4 ++++
 editor/i18n/zh/localization.js | 4 ++++
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+)

diff --git a/editor/i18n/en/localization.js b/editor/i18n/en/localization.js
index 0b1adaa5577..236afc74403 100755
--- a/editor/i18n/en/localization.js
+++ b/editor/i18n/en/localization.js
@@ -1034,6 +1034,10 @@ module.exports = link(mixin({
             label: "Box2D Based 2D Physics System",
             description: "2D Physics system that based on Box2D.",
         },
+        physics_2d_box2d_wasm: {
+            label: "Box2D-wasm Based 2D Physics System",
+            description: "2D Physics system that based on Box2D-wasm.",
+        },
         intersection_2d: {
             label: "2D Intersection Algorithms",
             description: "Include 2D intersection algorithms.",
diff --git a/editor/i18n/zh/localization.js b/editor/i18n/zh/localization.js
index b1047daed39..87c24c16973 100755
--- a/editor/i18n/zh/localization.js
+++ b/editor/i18n/zh/localization.js
@@ -1008,6 +1008,10 @@ module.exports = link(mixin({
             label: "基于 Box2D 的 2D 物理系统",
             description: "基于 Box2D 的 2D 物理系统支持。",
         },
+        physics_2d_box2d_wasm: {
+            label: "基于 Box2D-wasm 的 2D 物理系统",
+            description: "基于 Box2D-wasm 的 2D 物理系统支持。",
+        },
         intersection_2d: {
             label: "2D 相交检测算法",
             description: "包含用于二维相交检测的算法。",

From 42ff68360236bb28b128f08b258c4b3a591a14ed Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Leslie=20Leigh=20=28=E6=9D=8E=E7=9A=84=E5=BA=8F=29?=
 <leslieleigh@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 5 Sep 2023 15:24:38 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 16/59] Optimize and add test to Vec2.signedAngle (#16183)

---
 cocos/core/math/vec2.ts      | 13 +++++++++---
 tests/core/math/vec2.test.ts | 40 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 2 files changed, 48 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cocos/core/math/vec2.ts b/cocos/core/math/vec2.ts
index 4513d732f6c..a05053c5d2e 100644
--- a/cocos/core/math/vec2.ts
+++ b/cocos/core/math/vec2.ts
@@ -779,11 +779,18 @@ export class Vec2 extends ValueType {
      * @zh 获取当前向量和指定向量之间的有符号弧度。<br/>
      * 有符号弧度的取值范围为 (-PI, PI]，当前向量可以通过逆时针旋转有符号角度与指定向量同向。<br/>
      * @param other specified vector
-     * @return The signed angle between the current vector and the specified vector (in radians); if there is a zero vector in the current vector and the specified vector, 0 is returned.
+     * @return The signed angle between the current vector and the specified vector (in radians);
+     * if there is a zero vector in the current vector and the specified vector, 0 is returned.
      */
     public signAngle (other: Vec2): number {
-        const angle = this.angle(other);
-        return this.cross(other) < 0 ? -angle : angle;
+        // θ = atan(tan(θ))
+        //   = atan(sin(θ) / cos(θ))
+        //   = atan2(sin(θ), cos(θ))
+        //   = atan2(|a|·|b|·sin(θ), |a|·|b|·cos(θ))
+        //   = atan2(cross(a, b), dot(a, b))
+        const cross = this.cross(other);
+        const dot = this.dot(other);
+        return Math.atan2(cross, dot);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/tests/core/math/vec2.test.ts b/tests/core/math/vec2.test.ts
index de5c250b997..68cab7a03c2 100644
--- a/tests/core/math/vec2.test.ts
+++ b/tests/core/math/vec2.test.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import { log } from '../../test.log';
-import { Vec2 } from '../../../cocos/core/math/vec2';
+import { v2, Vec2 } from '../../../cocos/core/math/vec2';
 import { Vec3 } from '../../../cocos/core/math/vec3';
 import { Mat3 } from '../../../cocos/core/math/mat3';
 import { Mat4 } from '../../../cocos/core/math/mat4';
+import { toRadian, toDegree } from '../../../exports/base';
 
 describe('Test Vec2', () => {
     test('normalize', () => {
@@ -71,4 +72,39 @@ describe('Test Vec2', () => {
         log('rotate: ', v0);
         expect(Vec2.equals(v0, expect0)).toBe(true);
     });
-});
\ No newline at end of file
+
+    test(`Signed angle`, () => {
+        const t = (v1: Readonly<Vec2>, v2: Readonly<Vec2>, expectedDeg: number) => {
+            expect(toDegree(v1.signAngle(v2))).toBeCloseTo(expectedDeg, 1e-6);
+            expect(toDegree(v2.signAngle(v1))).toBeCloseTo(-expectedDeg, 1e-6);
+        };
+
+        t(v2(0, 0), v2(0, 0), 0.0);
+        t(v2(0, 0), v2(3, -4), 0.0);
+
+        {
+            const v1 = polar(toRadian(10), 2);
+            const v1Angle = 10;
+            const v2 = (deg: number) => polar(toRadian(deg), 0.1);
+
+            t(v1, v2(72.3), 62.3);
+            t(v1, v2(v1Angle + 90), 90);
+            t(v1, v2(v1Angle + 140), 140);
+            t(v1, v2(v1Angle + 179.9999), 179.9999);
+
+            // Opposite vector results singularity.
+            const v2_180 = v2(v1Angle + 180);
+            expect(Math.abs(v1.signAngle(v2_180))).toBeCloseTo(Math.PI);
+            expect(Math.abs(v2_180.signAngle(v1))).toBeCloseTo(Math.PI);
+
+            t(v1, v2(v1Angle + 180.0001), 180.0001 - 360);
+            t(v1, v2(v1Angle + 225), 225 - 360);
+            t(v1, v2(v1Angle + 279.9999), 279.9999 - 360);
+            t(v1, v2(v1Angle + 280.0001), 280.0001 - 360);
+        }
+    });
+});
+
+function polar(angle: number, length: number) {
+    return v2(Math.cos(angle) * length, Math.sin(angle) * length);
+}
\ No newline at end of file

From fbbda836247f2b9df35dcd685d72c4ccfdc4f3c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: PP <chinese1236@qq.com>
Date: Tue, 5 Sep 2023 17:16:41 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 17/59] update gitignore (#16187)

---
 .gitignore | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 229c3ea39a6..7ba394514c0 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-/lib
+lib/
+.turbo/
 /bin
 /web.config
 .idea

From a45535ec0849fc2897d6c1f077b3e59ad52df6ea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: troublemaker52025 <troublemaker52025@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 6 Sep 2023 09:55:02 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 18/59] fix getHDRInputName undefine with cyberpunk (#16192)

---
 cocos/rendering/post-process/post-process-builder.ts | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/cocos/rendering/post-process/post-process-builder.ts b/cocos/rendering/post-process/post-process-builder.ts
index fa656a459b1..eb56eb6baa1 100644
--- a/cocos/rendering/post-process/post-process-builder.ts
+++ b/cocos/rendering/post-process/post-process-builder.ts
@@ -237,7 +237,9 @@ export class PostProcessBuilder implements PipelineBuilder  {
             }
 
             if (pass.name === 'BloomPass') {
-                (pass as BloomPass).hdrInputName = floatOutputPass.getHDRInputName();
+                // for override post-process builder
+                (pass as BloomPass).hdrInputName = (floatOutputPass === undefined || floatOutputPass === null)
+                    ? '' :  floatOutputPass.getHDRInputName();
             }
 
             pass.lastPass = lastPass;

From 51dc67e1c095baa319246c873ebebf74e303360c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SijieWang <devhacker520@hotmail.com>
Date: Wed, 6 Sep 2023 11:07:41 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 19/59] Fix an issue where node_modules was not removed when
 clearing the cache. (#16193)

---
 scripts/clear-cache.js | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/scripts/clear-cache.js b/scripts/clear-cache.js
index a1deb9febe5..6a670933e67 100644
--- a/scripts/clear-cache.js
+++ b/scripts/clear-cache.js
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ const rl = readline.createInterface({
 const gitignoreFiles = [];
 
 rl.on('line', (line) => {
-  if (line !== "" && !line.includes("node_modules") && !line.includes("native/external/") && !line.includes("!")) {
+  if (line !== "" && !line.includes("native/external/") && !line.includes("!")) {
     gitignoreFiles.push(path.join(__dirname,".." ,line));
   }
 });

From d198a19d07b592c2a72663a14890be5188c576d9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ling Zhan <lealzhan@126.com>
Date: Wed, 6 Sep 2023 14:29:45 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 20/59] [fix] box2d wasm rigid-body destroy() should destroy
 related shapes and joints #17226 (#16154)

* [fix] box2d wasm rigid-body destroy() should destroy related shapes and joints #17226

* update external-config.json
---
 cocos/physics-2d/box2d-wasm/instantiated.ts   |  3 +-
 .../physics-2d/box2d-wasm/joints/joint-2d.ts  |  8 +--
 .../box2d-wasm/joints/mouse-joint.ts          |  2 +-
 cocos/physics-2d/box2d-wasm/rigid-body.ts     | 29 ++++++++++-
 .../physics-2d/box2d-wasm/shapes/shape-2d.ts  |  6 +--
 tests/physics2d/rigid-body.ts                 | 52 +++++++++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 90 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cocos/physics-2d/box2d-wasm/instantiated.ts b/cocos/physics-2d/box2d-wasm/instantiated.ts
index 5156374fd49..023cb80afe1 100644
--- a/cocos/physics-2d/box2d-wasm/instantiated.ts
+++ b/cocos/physics-2d/box2d-wasm/instantiated.ts
@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ export const B2 = {} as any;
 
 export function getImplPtr (wasmObject: any): number {
     // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-return
-    return (wasmObject).$$.ptr;
+    if (!wasmObject) return 0;
+    return (wasmObject).$$.ptr as number;
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/cocos/physics-2d/box2d-wasm/joints/joint-2d.ts b/cocos/physics-2d/box2d-wasm/joints/joint-2d.ts
index 2f0990e0d6b..0f4c964861b 100644
--- a/cocos/physics-2d/box2d-wasm/joints/joint-2d.ts
+++ b/cocos/physics-2d/box2d-wasm/joints/joint-2d.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
  THE SOFTWARE.
 */
 
-import { B2, addImplPtrReference, addImplPtrReferenceWASM, getImplPtr } from '../instantiated';
+import { B2, addImplPtrReference, addImplPtrReferenceWASM, getImplPtr, removeImplPtrReference, removeImplPtrReferenceWASM } from '../instantiated';
 import { IJoint2D } from '../../spec/i-physics-joint';
 import { Joint2D, PhysicsSystem2D, RigidBody2D } from '../../framework';
 import { B2PhysicsWorld } from '../physics-world';
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ export class B2Joint implements IJoint2D {
     }
 
     onDisable (): void {
-        PhysicsSystem2D.instance._callAfterStep(this, this._destroy);
+        PhysicsSystem2D.instance._callAfterStep(this, this.destroy);
     }
 
     // need init after body and connected body init
@@ -106,9 +106,11 @@ export class B2Joint implements IJoint2D {
         this._inited = true;
     }
 
-    _destroy (): void {
+    destroy (): void {
         if (!this._inited) return;
 
+        removeImplPtrReference(getImplPtr(this._b2joint));
+        removeImplPtrReferenceWASM(getImplPtr(this._b2joint));
         (PhysicsSystem2D.instance.physicsWorld as B2PhysicsWorld).impl.DestroyJoint(this._b2joint!);
 
         this._b2joint = null;
diff --git a/cocos/physics-2d/box2d-wasm/joints/mouse-joint.ts b/cocos/physics-2d/box2d-wasm/joints/mouse-joint.ts
index f5d359056da..51f73a9cfd2 100644
--- a/cocos/physics-2d/box2d-wasm/joints/mouse-joint.ts
+++ b/cocos/physics-2d/box2d-wasm/joints/mouse-joint.ts
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ export class B2MouseJoint extends B2Joint implements IMouseJoint {
     }
 
     onTouchEnd (event: Touch): void {
-        this._destroy();
+        this.destroy();
         this._isTouched = false;
     }
 
diff --git a/cocos/physics-2d/box2d-wasm/rigid-body.ts b/cocos/physics-2d/box2d-wasm/rigid-body.ts
index feb13037e4c..a92e0533863 100644
--- a/cocos/physics-2d/box2d-wasm/rigid-body.ts
+++ b/cocos/physics-2d/box2d-wasm/rigid-body.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
  THE SOFTWARE.
 */
 
-import { B2 } from './instantiated';
+import { B2, getTSObjectFromWASMObject, getTSObjectFromWASMObjectPtr } from './instantiated';
 import { IRigidBody2D } from '../spec/i-rigid-body';
 import { RigidBody2D } from '../framework/components/rigid-body-2d';
 import { PhysicsSystem2D } from '../framework/physics-system';
@@ -31,8 +31,10 @@ import { Vec2, toRadian, Vec3, Quat, IVec2Like, toDegree, TWO_PI, HALF_PI } from
 import { PHYSICS_2D_PTM_RATIO, ERigidBody2DType } from '../framework/physics-types';
 
 import { Node } from '../../scene-graph/node';
-import { Collider2D } from '../framework';
+import { Collider2D, Joint2D } from '../framework';
 import { NodeEventType } from '../../scene-graph/node-event';
+import { B2Shape2D } from './shapes/shape-2d';
+import { B2Joint } from './joints/joint-2d';
 
 const tempVec3 = new Vec3();
 const tempVec2_1 = { x: 0, y: 0 };//new B2.Vec2(0, 0);
@@ -114,6 +116,29 @@ export class B2RigidBody2D implements IRigidBody2D {
     _destroy (): void {
         if (!this._inited) return;
 
+        //collect all fixtures attached to this rigid body and process them
+        const fixtureList = this.impl?.GetFixtureList();
+        if (fixtureList) {
+            let shapeTSObj = getTSObjectFromWASMObject<B2Shape2D>(fixtureList);
+            while (shapeTSObj && shapeTSObj.impl) {
+                shapeTSObj.destroy();
+                const nextFixture = fixtureList.GetNext();
+                shapeTSObj = getTSObjectFromWASMObject<B2Shape2D>(nextFixture);
+            }
+        }
+
+        //collect all joints attached to this rigid body and process them
+        const jointListPtr = this.impl?.GetJointList();
+        if (jointListPtr) {
+            let jointWASMPtr = B2.JointEdgeGetJoint(jointListPtr) as number;
+            let jointTSObj = getTSObjectFromWASMObjectPtr<B2Joint>(jointWASMPtr);
+            while (jointTSObj) {
+                jointTSObj.destroy();
+                jointWASMPtr = B2.JointEdgeGetNext(jointListPtr) as number;
+                jointTSObj = getTSObjectFromWASMObjectPtr<B2Joint>(jointWASMPtr);
+            }
+        }
+
         (PhysicsSystem2D.instance.physicsWorld as B2PhysicsWorld).removeBody(this);
 
         this._inited = false;
diff --git a/cocos/physics-2d/box2d-wasm/shapes/shape-2d.ts b/cocos/physics-2d/box2d-wasm/shapes/shape-2d.ts
index 5f102e03580..84ab4a5881b 100644
--- a/cocos/physics-2d/box2d-wasm/shapes/shape-2d.ts
+++ b/cocos/physics-2d/box2d-wasm/shapes/shape-2d.ts
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ export class B2Shape2D implements IBaseShape {
     }
 
     onDisable (): void {
-        PhysicsSystem2D.instance._callAfterStep(this, this._destroy);
+        PhysicsSystem2D.instance._callAfterStep(this, this.destroy);
     }
 
     start (): void {
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ export class B2Shape2D implements IBaseShape {
     }
 
     apply (): void {
-        this._destroy();
+        this.destroy();
         if (this.collider.enabledInHierarchy) {
             this._init();
         }
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ export class B2Shape2D implements IBaseShape {
         this._inited = true;
     }
 
-    _destroy (): void {
+    destroy (): void {
         if (!this._inited) return;
 
         const fixtures = this._fixtures;
diff --git a/tests/physics2d/rigid-body.ts b/tests/physics2d/rigid-body.ts
index 2fc4603d1d1..e966d949f0d 100644
--- a/tests/physics2d/rigid-body.ts
+++ b/tests/physics2d/rigid-body.ts
@@ -139,4 +139,56 @@ export default function (parent: Node, _steps = 0) {
         parent.removeAllChildren();
     }
 
+    //test destroy, if failed, wasm will crash
+    {
+        //rigidbody
+        {
+            const nodeRigidBody = new Node('RigidBody');
+            parent.addChild(nodeRigidBody);
+            const body = nodeRigidBody.addComponent(physics2d.RigidBody2D) as physics2d.RigidBody2D;
+
+            body.destroy();
+            director.tick(0.2);//make sure the body is destroyed
+            parent.destroyAllChildren();
+            parent.removeAllChildren();
+            director.tick(0.2);//make sure is destroyed
+        }
+
+        //rigidbody, collider
+        {
+            const nodeRigidBody = new Node('RigidBody');
+            parent.addChild(nodeRigidBody);
+            const body = nodeRigidBody.addComponent(physics2d.RigidBody2D) as physics2d.RigidBody2D;
+            const collider = nodeRigidBody.addComponent(physics2d.BoxCollider2D) as physics2d.Collider2D;
+
+            body.destroy();
+            director.tick(0.2);//make sure the body is destroyed
+            collider.destroy();
+
+            parent.destroyAllChildren();
+            parent.removeAllChildren();
+            director.tick(0.2);//make sure is destroyed
+        }
+
+        //rigidbody, joint
+        {
+            const nodeRigidBody = new Node('RigidBody');
+            parent.addChild(nodeRigidBody);
+            const body = nodeRigidBody.addComponent(physics2d.RigidBody2D) as physics2d.RigidBody2D;
+            const joint = nodeRigidBody.addComponent(physics2d.DistanceJoint2D) as physics2d.Joint2D;
+
+            const nodeRigidBody1 = new Node('RigidBody1');
+            parent.addChild(nodeRigidBody1);
+            const body1 = nodeRigidBody1.addComponent(physics2d.RigidBody2D) as physics2d.RigidBody2D;
+            joint.connectedBody = body1;
+
+            body1.destroy();
+            director.tick(0.2);//make sure the body is destroyed
+            joint.destroy();
+
+            parent.destroyAllChildren();
+            parent.removeAllChildren();
+            director.tick(0.2);//make sure is destroyed
+        }
+    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file

From fc986c9cec3ba6c7fefa1678d81b789958765428 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jk20012001 <jkregister@163.com>
Date: Wed, 6 Sep 2023 14:44:29 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 21/59] fix webgpu crash with normalize zero vector (#16195)

---
 .../chunks/shading-entries/data-structures/fs-input.chunk       | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/editor/assets/chunks/shading-entries/data-structures/fs-input.chunk b/editor/assets/chunks/shading-entries/data-structures/fs-input.chunk
index bf3553519f8..c038209b091 100644
--- a/editor/assets/chunks/shading-entries/data-structures/fs-input.chunk
+++ b/editor/assets/chunks/shading-entries/data-structures/fs-input.chunk
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ void CCSurfacesGetFragmentInput(out SurfacesStandardFragmentInput fsInput)
   #define FSInput_worldTangent v_tangent.xyz // unnormalized
   #define FSInput_mirrorNormal v_tangent.w
 #else
-  #define FSInput_worldTangent vec3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+  #define FSInput_worldTangent vec3(1.0, 1.0, 1.0) // normalize zero vector may crash on webgpu, use 1 instead
   #define FSInput_mirrorNormal 1.0
 #endif
 

From 4b039cd6e05436bb3f4410e9b0c7c5bddf166cc1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James Chen <dumganhar@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 6 Sep 2023 14:59:03 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 22/59] fixed #16190: Compilation errors if using Clang 15 with
 c++17 since std::unary_function has been removed (#16191)

* fixed #16190: Compilation errors if using Clang 15 with c++17 since std::unary_function has been removed

* Windows doesn't need to define BOOST_NO_CXX98_FUNCTION_BASE since it has already been defined.
---
 native/CMakeLists.txt | 7 +++++++
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+)

diff --git a/native/CMakeLists.txt b/native/CMakeLists.txt
index 5e8077fcb6c..3b76038ed4f 100644
--- a/native/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/native/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -83,6 +83,13 @@ if(USE_SERVER_MODE)
     add_definitions(-DCC_SERVER_MODE)
 endif()
 
+# Fix the issue: https://github.com/cocos/cocos-engine/issues/16190
+# std::unary_function was removed since clang 15
+# The macro has already been defined in boost/config/stdlib/dinkumware.hpp(258,1),
+# so no need to define it again to avoid 'macro redefinition' error.
+if(NOT WINDOWS)
+    add_definitions(-DBOOST_NO_CXX98_FUNCTION_BASE)
+endif()
 
 add_definitions(-DCC_NETMODE_CLIENT=0)
 add_definitions(-DCC_NETMODE_LISTEN_SERVER=1)

From 50c2d70d2aec0e02536dd144f0ed55eda05600a1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ling Zhan <lealzhan@126.com>
Date: Wed, 6 Sep 2023 15:17:40 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 23/59] update native/external-config: [fix] cct scaling causes
 trigger event missing (#16165)

---
 native/external-config.json | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/native/external-config.json b/native/external-config.json
index 84d9a496669..1d085495a72 100644
--- a/native/external-config.json
+++ b/native/external-config.json
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@
         "type": "github",
         "owner": "cocos-creator",
         "name": "engine-native-external",
-        "checkout": "v3.8.1-20"
+        "checkout": "v3.8.1-21"
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file

From c6d1782f52472a744f3b6a3ff0f90edc1873ff25 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jiujiang Liu <37231523+moshuying@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 6 Sep 2023 18:29:17 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 24/59] update world bound when update models (#16189)

* update world bound

* update code
---
 cocos/3d/framework/mesh-renderer.ts | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/cocos/3d/framework/mesh-renderer.ts b/cocos/3d/framework/mesh-renderer.ts
index 9869186e7d1..8c4543f3182 100644
--- a/cocos/3d/framework/mesh-renderer.ts
+++ b/cocos/3d/framework/mesh-renderer.ts
@@ -899,6 +899,7 @@ export class MeshRenderer extends ModelRenderer {
             if (this._mesh) {
                 const meshStruct = this._mesh.struct;
                 this._model.createBoundingShape(meshStruct.minPosition, meshStruct.maxPosition);
+                this._model.updateWorldBound();
             }
             // Initialize lighting map before model initializing
             // because the lighting map will influence the model's shader

From 23a44ed00f039455592511b9f7c5265ad5e1d58b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Leslie=20Leigh=20=28=E6=9D=8E=E7=9A=84=E5=BA=8F=29?=
 <leslieleigh@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 6 Sep 2023 18:29:45 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 25/59] Modify camera component ortho height's min value to 0
 (#16181)

* Modify camera component ortho height's min value to 0

* Min value as 1e-6
---
 cocos/misc/camera-component.ts | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cocos/misc/camera-component.ts b/cocos/misc/camera-component.ts
index e4201ecfcbd..2c2067e5d5e 100644
--- a/cocos/misc/camera-component.ts
+++ b/cocos/misc/camera-component.ts
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ export class Camera extends Component {
      */
     @type(FOVAxis)
     @displayOrder(7)
-    @visible(function (this: Camera): boolean {
+    @visible(function visible (this: Camera): boolean {
         return this._projection === ProjectionType.PERSPECTIVE;
     })
     @tooltip('i18n:camera.fov_axis')
@@ -354,10 +354,10 @@ export class Camera extends Component {
      * @zh 正交模式下的相机视角高度。
      */
     @displayOrder(9)
-    @visible(function (this: Camera): boolean {
+    @visible(function visible (this: Camera): boolean {
         return this._projection === ProjectionType.ORTHO;
     })
-    @rangeMin(1)
+    @rangeMin(1e-6)
     @tooltip('i18n:camera.ortho_height')
     get orthoHeight (): number {
         return this._orthoHeight;

From 0b65ab3817c6ef3304eb42dd437ee6af9696ea13 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: PP <chinese1236@qq.com>
Date: Thu, 7 Sep 2023 09:34:23 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 26/59] add CULL_MESHOPT constant (#16194)

* add CULL_MESHOPT constant

* Update cc.config.json
---
 cc.config.json              | 6 ++++++
 cocos/3d/misc/mesh-codec.ts | 6 ++++--
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cc.config.json b/cc.config.json
index 7b51e5dd86e..cb74327075f 100644
--- a/cc.config.json
+++ b/cc.config.json
@@ -678,6 +678,12 @@
             "type": "boolean",
             "value": false,
             "internal": true
+        },
+        "CULL_MESHOPT": {
+            "comment": "An internal constant to indicate whether we cull the meshopt wasm module and asm.js module.",
+            "type": "boolean",
+            "value": true,
+            "internal": true
         }
     },
 
diff --git a/cocos/3d/misc/mesh-codec.ts b/cocos/3d/misc/mesh-codec.ts
index ba9f5088c9d..f875a7a0571 100644
--- a/cocos/3d/misc/mesh-codec.ts
+++ b/cocos/3d/misc/mesh-codec.ts
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
  THE SOFTWARE.
 */
-import { WASM_SUPPORT_MODE } from 'internal:constants';
+import { CULL_MESHOPT, WASM_SUPPORT_MODE } from 'internal:constants';
 import { ensureWasmModuleReady, instantiateWasm } from 'pal/wasm';
 
 import { sys, logID } from '../../core';
@@ -90,4 +90,6 @@ export function InitDecoder (): Promise<void> {
     }));
 }
 
-game.onPostInfrastructureInitDelegate.add(InitDecoder);
+if (!CULL_MESHOPT) {
+    game.onPostInfrastructureInitDelegate.add(InitDecoder);
+}

From 2cb1652f44a3f642a56ef06d854ae39e6e6c006f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James Chen <dumganhar@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 7 Sep 2023 13:37:54 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 27/59] Add workflow_dispatch for oh sdk & vulkan sdk (#16204)

---
 .github/workflows/generate-oh-sdk-cache.yml   | 80 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../workflows/generate-vulkan-sdk-cache.yml   | 22 +++++
 .../workflows/native-compile-platforms.yml    |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 103 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/generate-oh-sdk-cache.yml
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/generate-vulkan-sdk-cache.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/generate-oh-sdk-cache.yml b/.github/workflows/generate-oh-sdk-cache.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4e4c609de1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/generate-oh-sdk-cache.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+name: <Native> Generate OH SDK Cache
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      oh_sdk_version:
+        description: 'Openharmony SDK version'
+        type: string
+        default: '9'
+        required: true
+
+jobs:
+  generate_oh_sdk_cache:
+    name: "Generate OH SDK cache"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/setup-java@v3
+        id: setup-jdk
+        with:
+          distribution: 'zulu'
+          java-version: '17'
+      
+      - name: Get oh sdk cache directory path
+        id: oh-sdk-cache-dir-path
+        run: |
+          echo "cache dir: "
+          echo "dir=$HOME/openharmony" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+      - name: Output cache dir
+        run: |
+          echo "Output cache dir: ${{ steps.oh-sdk-cache-dir-path.outputs.dir }}"
+
+      - name: Cache OH SDK
+        id: cache-oh-sdk
+        uses: actions/cache@v3
+        env:
+          cache-name: cache-oh-sdk-${{ github.event.inputs.oh_sdk_version }}
+        with:
+          path: ${{ steps.oh-sdk-cache-dir-path.outputs.dir }}
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-build-${{ env.cache-name }}
+
+      - name: Add package.json
+        run: |
+          echo "{}" > package.json
+          echo "{\"name\": \"tests\",\"lockfileVersion\": 3,\"requires\": true,\"packages\": {}}" > package-lock.json
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+        with:
+          node-version: 14
+          cache: 'npm'
+
+      - if: ${{ steps.cache-oh-sdk.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' }}
+        name: No Cache found, install oh sdk
+        continue-on-error: false
+        run: |
+          if [ ! -d "$HOME/openharmony" ]; then
+            mkdir -p $HOME/openharmony
+            echo "Download commandline-tools-linux.zip ..."
+            curl -o commandline-tools-linux.zip "https://contentcenter-vali-drcn.dbankcdn.cn/pvt_2/DeveloperAlliance_package_901_9/b1/v3/E6zhv5UFQ2-inIwNJhTN6Q/commandline-tools-linux-2.0.0.2.zip?HW-CC-KV=V1&HW-CC-Date=20230621T074401Z&HW-CC-Expire=315360000&HW-CC-Sign=621224257B02079B1E76C0A56FDF21483400B1E3556213F88DC79BC9BE7D595D"
+            echo "Unzip commandline-tools-linux.zip ..."
+            unzip commandline-tools-linux.zip -d $HOME/openharmony > /dev/null
+            cd $HOME/openharmony
+            ls -l
+            cd command-line-tools
+            echo "=============== PATCHING sdkmanager/bin/sdkmgr file ==============="
+            sed -i "s@-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8@-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Duser.country=CN@g" ./sdkmanager/bin/sdkmgr
+            cd bin
+            ./sdkmgr list
+            echo "=============== INSTALL HOS toolchains:${{ github.event.inputs.oh_sdk_version }} ==============="
+            ./sdkmgr install toolchains:${{ github.event.inputs.oh_sdk_version }} --accept-license > /dev/null
+            echo "=============== INSTALL OH SDK ets:${{ github.event.inputs.oh_sdk_version }} ==============="
+            ./sdkmgr install OpenHarmony/ets:${{ github.event.inputs.oh_sdk_version }} --accept-license > /dev/null
+            echo "=============== INSTALL OH SDK js:${{ github.event.inputs.oh_sdk_version }} ==============="
+            ./sdkmgr install OpenHarmony/js:${{ github.event.inputs.oh_sdk_version }} --accept-license > /dev/null
+            echo "=============== INSTALL OH SDK native:${{ github.event.inputs.oh_sdk_version }} ==============="
+            ./sdkmgr install OpenHarmony/native:${{ github.event.inputs.oh_sdk_version }} --accept-license > /dev/null
+            echo "=============== INSTALL OH SDK toolchains:${{ github.event.inputs.oh_sdk_version }} ==============="
+            ./sdkmgr install OpenHarmony/toolchains:${{ github.event.inputs.oh_sdk_version }} --accept-license > /dev/null
+            echo "=============== INSTALL OH SDK DONE ==============="
+            ./sdkmgr list
+          fi
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.github/workflows/generate-vulkan-sdk-cache.yml b/.github/workflows/generate-vulkan-sdk-cache.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2904d1a9493
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/generate-vulkan-sdk-cache.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+name: <Native> Generate Vulkan SDK Cache
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      vulkan_sdk_version:
+        description: 'Vulkan SDK version'
+        type: string
+        default: '1.2.189.0'
+        required: true
+
+jobs:
+  generate_vulkan_sdk_cache:
+    name: "Generate Vulkan SDK cache"
+    runs-on: windows-2019
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Vulkan SDK
+        uses: humbletim/setup-vulkan-sdk@v1.2.0
+        with:
+          vulkan-query-version: ${{ github.event.inputs.vulkan_sdk_version }}
+          vulkan-components: Vulkan-Headers, Vulkan-Loader
+          vulkan-use-cache: true
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.github/workflows/native-compile-platforms.yml b/.github/workflows/native-compile-platforms.yml
index 3f018139dfb..953f4c0bcb1 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/native-compile-platforms.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/native-compile-platforms.yml
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ jobs:
         id: cache-oh-sdk
         uses: actions/cache@v3
         env:
-          cache-name: cache-oh-sdk-2
+          cache-name: cache-oh-sdk-9
         with:
           path: ${{ steps.oh-sdk-cache-dir-path.outputs.dir }}
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-build-${{ env.cache-name }}

From 2ed62f742dffbb54c7b79f4d47d57a05c0ba4b1c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James Chen <dumganhar@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 7 Sep 2023 14:09:29 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 28/59] [v3.8.2] Add workflow_dispatch for oh sdk & vulkan sdk
 (#16206)

* Add workflow_dispatch for oh sdk & vulkan sdk

* [ci skip] Update oh sdk cache key to cache-oh-sdk-9
---
 .github/workflows/generate-oh-sdk-cache.yml   | 80 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../workflows/generate-vulkan-sdk-cache.yml   | 22 +++++
 .../workflows/native-compile-platforms.yml    |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 103 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/generate-oh-sdk-cache.yml
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/generate-vulkan-sdk-cache.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/generate-oh-sdk-cache.yml b/.github/workflows/generate-oh-sdk-cache.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4e4c609de1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/generate-oh-sdk-cache.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+name: <Native> Generate OH SDK Cache
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      oh_sdk_version:
+        description: 'Openharmony SDK version'
+        type: string
+        default: '9'
+        required: true
+
+jobs:
+  generate_oh_sdk_cache:
+    name: "Generate OH SDK cache"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/setup-java@v3
+        id: setup-jdk
+        with:
+          distribution: 'zulu'
+          java-version: '17'
+      
+      - name: Get oh sdk cache directory path
+        id: oh-sdk-cache-dir-path
+        run: |
+          echo "cache dir: "
+          echo "dir=$HOME/openharmony" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+      - name: Output cache dir
+        run: |
+          echo "Output cache dir: ${{ steps.oh-sdk-cache-dir-path.outputs.dir }}"
+
+      - name: Cache OH SDK
+        id: cache-oh-sdk
+        uses: actions/cache@v3
+        env:
+          cache-name: cache-oh-sdk-${{ github.event.inputs.oh_sdk_version }}
+        with:
+          path: ${{ steps.oh-sdk-cache-dir-path.outputs.dir }}
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-build-${{ env.cache-name }}
+
+      - name: Add package.json
+        run: |
+          echo "{}" > package.json
+          echo "{\"name\": \"tests\",\"lockfileVersion\": 3,\"requires\": true,\"packages\": {}}" > package-lock.json
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+        with:
+          node-version: 14
+          cache: 'npm'
+
+      - if: ${{ steps.cache-oh-sdk.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' }}
+        name: No Cache found, install oh sdk
+        continue-on-error: false
+        run: |
+          if [ ! -d "$HOME/openharmony" ]; then
+            mkdir -p $HOME/openharmony
+            echo "Download commandline-tools-linux.zip ..."
+            curl -o commandline-tools-linux.zip "https://contentcenter-vali-drcn.dbankcdn.cn/pvt_2/DeveloperAlliance_package_901_9/b1/v3/E6zhv5UFQ2-inIwNJhTN6Q/commandline-tools-linux-2.0.0.2.zip?HW-CC-KV=V1&HW-CC-Date=20230621T074401Z&HW-CC-Expire=315360000&HW-CC-Sign=621224257B02079B1E76C0A56FDF21483400B1E3556213F88DC79BC9BE7D595D"
+            echo "Unzip commandline-tools-linux.zip ..."
+            unzip commandline-tools-linux.zip -d $HOME/openharmony > /dev/null
+            cd $HOME/openharmony
+            ls -l
+            cd command-line-tools
+            echo "=============== PATCHING sdkmanager/bin/sdkmgr file ==============="
+            sed -i "s@-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8@-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Duser.country=CN@g" ./sdkmanager/bin/sdkmgr
+            cd bin
+            ./sdkmgr list
+            echo "=============== INSTALL HOS toolchains:${{ github.event.inputs.oh_sdk_version }} ==============="
+            ./sdkmgr install toolchains:${{ github.event.inputs.oh_sdk_version }} --accept-license > /dev/null
+            echo "=============== INSTALL OH SDK ets:${{ github.event.inputs.oh_sdk_version }} ==============="
+            ./sdkmgr install OpenHarmony/ets:${{ github.event.inputs.oh_sdk_version }} --accept-license > /dev/null
+            echo "=============== INSTALL OH SDK js:${{ github.event.inputs.oh_sdk_version }} ==============="
+            ./sdkmgr install OpenHarmony/js:${{ github.event.inputs.oh_sdk_version }} --accept-license > /dev/null
+            echo "=============== INSTALL OH SDK native:${{ github.event.inputs.oh_sdk_version }} ==============="
+            ./sdkmgr install OpenHarmony/native:${{ github.event.inputs.oh_sdk_version }} --accept-license > /dev/null
+            echo "=============== INSTALL OH SDK toolchains:${{ github.event.inputs.oh_sdk_version }} ==============="
+            ./sdkmgr install OpenHarmony/toolchains:${{ github.event.inputs.oh_sdk_version }} --accept-license > /dev/null
+            echo "=============== INSTALL OH SDK DONE ==============="
+            ./sdkmgr list
+          fi
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.github/workflows/generate-vulkan-sdk-cache.yml b/.github/workflows/generate-vulkan-sdk-cache.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2904d1a9493
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/generate-vulkan-sdk-cache.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+name: <Native> Generate Vulkan SDK Cache
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      vulkan_sdk_version:
+        description: 'Vulkan SDK version'
+        type: string
+        default: '1.2.189.0'
+        required: true
+
+jobs:
+  generate_vulkan_sdk_cache:
+    name: "Generate Vulkan SDK cache"
+    runs-on: windows-2019
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Vulkan SDK
+        uses: humbletim/setup-vulkan-sdk@v1.2.0
+        with:
+          vulkan-query-version: ${{ github.event.inputs.vulkan_sdk_version }}
+          vulkan-components: Vulkan-Headers, Vulkan-Loader
+          vulkan-use-cache: true
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.github/workflows/native-compile-platforms.yml b/.github/workflows/native-compile-platforms.yml
index 272a98f70bb..f4e5bcb3c78 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/native-compile-platforms.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/native-compile-platforms.yml
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ jobs:
         id: cache-oh-sdk
         uses: actions/cache@v3
         env:
-          cache-name: cache-oh-sdk-2
+          cache-name: cache-oh-sdk-9
         with:
           path: ${{ steps.oh-sdk-cache-dir-path.outputs.dir }}
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-build-${{ env.cache-name }}

From 7f7de0a0c016b9b6ea5771b5d61077f2385f627f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ChiaNing <sun.cloud.mo@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 7 Sep 2023 16:10:55 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 29/59] Add dirty flag to edit box (#16209)

* add dirty flag to edit box

Add dirty flag to edit-box-impl in order to save matrix cost while not been focused

* fix CI

---------

Co-authored-by: chenyang.sun <chenyang.sun@cocos.com>
---
 cocos/ui/editbox/edit-box-impl-base.ts | 33 ++++++++++++++++++++------
 cocos/ui/editbox/edit-box-impl.ts      | 25 +++++++++----------
 cocos/ui/editbox/edit-box.ts           |  6 +++++
 3 files changed, 45 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cocos/ui/editbox/edit-box-impl-base.ts b/cocos/ui/editbox/edit-box-impl-base.ts
index 7b742034370..9ce78026dc9 100644
--- a/cocos/ui/editbox/edit-box-impl-base.ts
+++ b/cocos/ui/editbox/edit-box-impl-base.ts
@@ -37,11 +37,22 @@ export class EditBoxImplBase {
      */
     public _delegate: EditBox | null = null;
 
-    public init (delegate: EditBox): void {}
+    /**
+     * @engineInternal dirty flag to update the matrix
+     */
+    public _dirtyFlag: boolean | null = false;
 
-    public onEnable (): void {}
+    public init (delegate: EditBox): void {
+        // To be overrode
+    }
+
+    public onEnable (): void {
+        // To be overrode
+    }
 
-    public update (): void { }
+    public update (): void {
+        // To be overrode
+    }
 
     public onDisable (): void {
         if (this._editing) {
@@ -53,9 +64,13 @@ export class EditBoxImplBase {
         this._delegate = null;
     }
 
-    public setTabIndex (index: number): void {}
+    public setTabIndex (index: number): void {
+        // To be overrode
+    }
 
-    public setSize (width: number, height: number): void {}
+    public setSize (width: number, height: number): void {
+        // To be overrode
+    }
 
     public setFocus (value): void {
         if (value) {
@@ -69,7 +84,11 @@ export class EditBoxImplBase {
         return this._editing;
     }
 
-    public beginEditing (): void {}
+    public beginEditing (): void {
+        // To be overrode
+    }
 
-    public endEditing (): void {}
+    public endEditing (): void {
+        // To be overrode
+    }
 }
diff --git a/cocos/ui/editbox/edit-box-impl.ts b/cocos/ui/editbox/edit-box-impl.ts
index 3d86051898e..57361f6b69b 100644
--- a/cocos/ui/editbox/edit-box-impl.ts
+++ b/cocos/ui/editbox/edit-box-impl.ts
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ export class EditBoxImpl extends EditBoxImplBase {
     }
 
     public update (): void {
+        if (!this._dirtyFlag) return;
         this._updateMatrix();
     }
 
@@ -624,12 +625,12 @@ export class EditBoxImpl extends EditBoxImplBase {
             this._delegate!._editBoxEditingDidEnded();
         };
 
-        elem.addEventListener('compositionstart', cbs.compositionStart);
-        elem.addEventListener('compositionend', cbs.compositionEnd);
-        elem.addEventListener('input', cbs.onInput);
-        elem.addEventListener('keydown', cbs.onKeydown);
-        elem.addEventListener('blur', cbs.onBlur);
-        elem.addEventListener('touchstart', cbs.onClick);
+        elem.addEventListener('compositionstart', cbs.compositionStart as EventListenerOrEventListenerObject);
+        elem.addEventListener('compositionend', cbs.compositionEnd as EventListenerOrEventListenerObject);
+        elem.addEventListener('input', cbs.onInput as EventListenerOrEventListenerObject);
+        elem.addEventListener('keydown', cbs.onKeydown as EventListenerOrEventListenerObject);
+        elem.addEventListener('blur', cbs.onBlur as EventListenerOrEventListenerObject);
+        elem.addEventListener('touchstart', cbs.onClick as EventListenerOrEventListenerObject);
     }
     private _removeEventListeners (): void {
         if (!this._edTxt) {
@@ -639,12 +640,12 @@ export class EditBoxImpl extends EditBoxImplBase {
         const elem = this._edTxt;
         const cbs = this.__eventListeners;
 
-        elem.removeEventListener('compositionstart', cbs.compositionStart);
-        elem.removeEventListener('compositionend', cbs.compositionEnd);
-        elem.removeEventListener('input', cbs.onInput);
-        elem.removeEventListener('keydown', cbs.onKeydown);
-        elem.removeEventListener('blur', cbs.onBlur);
-        elem.removeEventListener('touchstart', cbs.onClick);
+        elem.removeEventListener('compositionstart', cbs.compositionStart as EventListenerOrEventListenerObject);
+        elem.removeEventListener('compositionend', cbs.compositionEnd as EventListenerOrEventListenerObject);
+        elem.removeEventListener('input', cbs.onInput as EventListenerOrEventListenerObject);
+        elem.removeEventListener('keydown', cbs.onKeydown as EventListenerOrEventListenerObject);
+        elem.removeEventListener('blur', cbs.onBlur as EventListenerOrEventListenerObject);
+        elem.removeEventListener('touchstart', cbs.onClick as EventListenerOrEventListenerObject);
 
         cbs.compositionStart = null;
         cbs.compositionEnd = null;
diff --git a/cocos/ui/editbox/edit-box.ts b/cocos/ui/editbox/edit-box.ts
index c781ff0bb2c..1b096e5d2fa 100644
--- a/cocos/ui/editbox/edit-box.ts
+++ b/cocos/ui/editbox/edit-box.ts
@@ -492,6 +492,9 @@ export class EditBox extends Component {
     public _editBoxEditingDidBegan (): void {
         ComponentEventHandler.emitEvents(this.editingDidBegan, this);
         this.node.emit(EventType.EDITING_DID_BEGAN, this);
+        if (this._impl) {
+            this._impl._dirtyFlag = true;
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -503,6 +506,9 @@ export class EditBox extends Component {
     public _editBoxEditingDidEnded (text?: string): void {
         ComponentEventHandler.emitEvents(this.editingDidEnded, this);
         this.node.emit(EventType.EDITING_DID_ENDED, this, text);
+        if (this._impl) {
+            this._impl._dirtyFlag = false;
+        }
     }
 
     /**

From 4dbd525917566894d793102595e7445626d8e8fc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jk20012001 <jkregister@163.com>
Date: Thu, 7 Sep 2023 16:32:41 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 30/59] fix sphere 2nd uv (#16210)

---
 editor/assets/primitives.fbx | Bin 213184 -> 242784 bytes
 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editor/assets/primitives.fbx b/editor/assets/primitives.fbx
index f93a097616a8ad8a93a4c72736061aaa7b8fd4b9..1ddad73bd082bda2cf04aee3b1cf8516e996080e 100755
GIT binary patch
delta 129243
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From b57d5ab8cae8b6d77b1dd6a7cca52f5b999d5672 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: troublemaker52025 <troublemaker52025@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 8 Sep 2023 10:20:58 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 31/59] Resolved error when getting length for Record type
 (#16213)

---
 cocos/render-scene/scene/submodel.ts | 8 +++++---
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cocos/render-scene/scene/submodel.ts b/cocos/render-scene/scene/submodel.ts
index a1e51f42617..66a026c2fb8 100644
--- a/cocos/render-scene/scene/submodel.ts
+++ b/cocos/render-scene/scene/submodel.ts
@@ -333,10 +333,12 @@ export class SubModel {
         if (!this._globalPatches && pipelinePatches.length === 0) {
             return;
         } else if (pipelinePatches.length) {
-            if (this._globalPatches && pipelinePatches.length === this._globalPatches.length) {
+            if (this._globalPatches) {
                 const globalPatches = Object.entries(this._globalPatches);
-                const patchesStateUnchanged = JSON.stringify(pipelinePatches.sort()) === JSON.stringify(globalPatches.sort());
-                if (patchesStateUnchanged) return;
+                if (pipelinePatches.length === globalPatches.length) {
+                    const patchesStateUnchanged = JSON.stringify(pipelinePatches.sort()) === JSON.stringify(globalPatches.sort());
+                    if (patchesStateUnchanged) return;
+                }
             }
         }
         this._globalPatches = pipeline.macros;

From 3822786b7c6eb938f1c0e0875a3972b1851fafdb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: qiuguohua <qiuguohua111@126.com>
Date: Fri, 8 Sep 2023 10:28:16 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 32/59] Fix SDL-related issues (#16212)

* 1.Fixed editbox input send message twice.
2.Fixed when the window is hidden to send message twice
3.Fixed unresponsive right mouse button

* Remove  redundant files.

* Fixed ios compile failures.

* fixed ci errors for ios
---
 native/CMakeLists.txt                         |  2 -
 native/cocos/platform/SDLHelper.cpp           | 18 ++++++--
 native/cocos/platform/SDLHelper.h             |  2 +
 native/cocos/platform/mac/AppDelegate.mm      |  2 -
 native/cocos/platform/mac/ViewController.h    | 32 ---------------
 native/cocos/platform/mac/ViewController.mm   | 41 -------------------
 .../platform/mac/modules/SystemWindow.mm      | 12 +++---
 .../cocos/renderer/gfx-metal/MTLSwapchain.mm  |  7 ++++
 native/cocos/ui/edit-box/EditBox-mac.mm       |  5 +++
 9 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 87 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 native/cocos/platform/mac/ViewController.h
 delete mode 100644 native/cocos/platform/mac/ViewController.mm

diff --git a/native/CMakeLists.txt b/native/CMakeLists.txt
index 7125a5ff234..3935dbbc443 100644
--- a/native/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/native/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -568,8 +568,6 @@ elseif(MACOSX)
     cocos_source_files(
         cocos/platform/mac/MacPlatform.mm
         cocos/platform/mac/MacPlatform.h
-        cocos/platform/mac/ViewController.h
-        cocos/platform/mac/ViewController.mm
         cocos/platform/mac/AppDelegate.h
         cocos/platform/mac/AppDelegate.mm
     )
diff --git a/native/cocos/platform/SDLHelper.cpp b/native/cocos/platform/SDLHelper.cpp
index 542057c693f..edb56fb4d63 100644
--- a/native/cocos/platform/SDLHelper.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/platform/SDLHelper.cpp
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@
 #include "SDL2/SDL_syswm.h"
 #include "base/Log.h"
 #include "engine/EngineEvents.h"
-#include "platform/interfaces/modules/ISystemWindow.h"
 #include "platform/BasePlatform.h"
 #include "platform/interfaces/modules/ISystemWindow.h"
+#include "platform/interfaces/modules/ISystemWindowManager.h"
 #include "platform/interfaces/modules/IScreen.h"
 
 namespace {
@@ -195,8 +195,12 @@ void SDLHelper::dispatchWindowEvent(uint32_t windowId, const SDL_WindowEvent &we
             break;
         }
         case SDL_WINDOWEVENT_HIDDEN: {
-            ev.type = WindowEvent::Type::HIDDEN;
-            events::WindowEvent::broadcast(ev);
+            SDL_Window *window = SDL_GetWindowFromID(windowId);
+            if(!isWindowMinimized(window)) {
+                int32_t v = SDL_GetWindowFlags(window);
+                ev.type = WindowEvent::Type::HIDDEN;
+                events::WindowEvent::broadcast(ev);
+            }
             break;
         }
         case SDL_WINDOWEVENT_MINIMIZED: {
@@ -402,4 +406,12 @@ Vec2 SDLHelper::getWindowPosition(SDL_Window *window) {
     return Vec2(x, y);
 }
 
+void SDLHelper::stopTextInput() {
+    SDL_StopTextInput();
+}
+
+bool SDLHelper::isWindowMinimized(SDL_Window* window) {
+    return SDL_GetWindowFlags(window) & SDL_WINDOW_MINIMIZED;
+}
+
 } // namespace cc
diff --git a/native/cocos/platform/SDLHelper.h b/native/cocos/platform/SDLHelper.h
index 4647f4d658b..efe4057aeb7 100644
--- a/native/cocos/platform/SDLHelper.h
+++ b/native/cocos/platform/SDLHelper.h
@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@ class SDLHelper {
 #endif
     static void setCursorEnabled(bool value);
     static Vec2 getWindowPosition(SDL_Window *window);
+    static void stopTextInput();
+    static bool isWindowMinimized(SDL_Window* window);
 private:
     static void dispatchSDLEvent(uint32_t windowId, const SDL_Event& sdlEvent);
     static void dispatchWindowEvent(uint32_t windowId, const SDL_WindowEvent& wevent);
diff --git a/native/cocos/platform/mac/AppDelegate.mm b/native/cocos/platform/mac/AppDelegate.mm
index 91627d7dc00..8ebdb68c6bc 100644
--- a/native/cocos/platform/mac/AppDelegate.mm
+++ b/native/cocos/platform/mac/AppDelegate.mm
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@ of this software and associated engine source code (the "Software"), a limited,
 
 #import "AppDelegate.h"
 #include "base/std/container/string.h"
-//#import "Game.h"
-#import "ViewController.h"
 #include "engine/EngineEvents.h"
 #include "platform/mac/MacPlatform.h"
 
diff --git a/native/cocos/platform/mac/ViewController.h b/native/cocos/platform/mac/ViewController.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 5b41d2c73cd..00000000000
--- a/native/cocos/platform/mac/ViewController.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-/****************************************************************************
- Copyright (c) 2022-2023 Xiamen Yaji Software Co., Ltd.
-
- http://www.cocos.com
-
- Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
- of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
- in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
- use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
- of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
- subject to the following conditions:
-
- The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
- all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
- THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
- IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
- FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
- LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
- OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
- THE SOFTWARE.
-****************************************************************************/
-
-#pragma once
-
-#import <AppKit/NSViewController.h>
-#import <MetalKit/MetalKit.h>
-
-@interface ViewController : NSViewController
-- (instancetype)initWithSize:(NSRect)rect;
-@end
diff --git a/native/cocos/platform/mac/ViewController.mm b/native/cocos/platform/mac/ViewController.mm
deleted file mode 100644
index 925afd886cf..00000000000
--- a/native/cocos/platform/mac/ViewController.mm
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-/****************************************************************************
- Copyright (c) 2022 Xiamen Yaji Software Co., Ltd.
-
- http://www.cocos.com
-
- Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
- of this software and associated engine source code (the "Software"), a limited,
- worldwide, royalty-free, non-assignable, revocable and non-exclusive license
- to use Cocos Creator solely to develop games on your target platforms. You shall
- not use Cocos Creator software for developing other software or tools that's
- used for developing games. You are not granted to publish, distribute,
- sublicense, and/or sell copies of Cocos Creator.
-
- The software or tools in this License Agreement are licensed, not sold.
- Xiamen Yaji Software Co., Ltd. reserves all rights not expressly granted to you.
-
- THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
- IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
- FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
- LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
- OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
- THE SOFTWARE.
-****************************************************************************/
-
-#import "ViewController.h"
-#import "platform/mac/View.h"
-
-@implementation ViewController {
-    View* _view;
-}
-
-- (instancetype)initWithSize:(NSRect)rect {
-    if (self = [super init]) {
-        _view = [[View alloc] initWithFrame:rect];
-        self.view = _view;
-    }
-    return self;
-}
-
-@end
diff --git a/native/cocos/platform/mac/modules/SystemWindow.mm b/native/cocos/platform/mac/modules/SystemWindow.mm
index 0b4bcc42863..42a4ed8ad8b 100644
--- a/native/cocos/platform/mac/modules/SystemWindow.mm
+++ b/native/cocos/platform/mac/modules/SystemWindow.mm
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include "platform/mac/modules/SystemWindow.h"
-#include "platform/mac/ViewController.h"
+#include "platform/mac/View.h"
 #include "base/Log.h"
 #include "base/Macros.h"
 
@@ -58,18 +58,16 @@ of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
     CC_ASSERT(window != nullptr);
     auto* nsWindow = reinterpret_cast<NSWindow*>(SDLHelper::getWindowHandle(window));
     NSRect rect = NSMakeRect(x, y, w, h);
-    ViewController* viewController = [[ViewController alloc] initWithSize:rect];
-    nsWindow.contentViewController = viewController;
-    nsWindow.contentView = viewController.view;
     NSString *astring = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:title];
     nsWindow.title = astring;
+    NSView *view = nsWindow.contentView;
+    auto* newView = [[View alloc] initWithFrame:rect];
+    [view addSubview:newView];
     [nsWindow.contentView setWantsBestResolutionOpenGLSurface:YES];
     [nsWindow makeKeyAndOrderFront:nil];
     
-    [viewController release];
-    viewController = nil;
     _windowHandle = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(nsWindow.contentView) ;
-    
+
     auto dpr = [nsWindow backingScaleFactor];
     _width  = w * dpr;
     _height = h * dpr;
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-metal/MTLSwapchain.mm b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-metal/MTLSwapchain.mm
index 0fbbce7202a..313f0c33edb 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-metal/MTLSwapchain.mm
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-metal/MTLSwapchain.mm
@@ -61,6 +61,13 @@ of this software and associated engine source code (the "Software"), a limited,
     if (!layer.device) {
         layer.device = MTLCreateSystemDefaultDevice();
     }
+#elif CC_PLATFORM == CC_PLATFORM_MACOS
+    CAMetalLayer *layer = nullptr;
+    auto *view = (CCView *)info.windowHandle;
+    if(view && view.subviews.count > 0) {
+        NSView* subView = view.subviews[0];
+        layer = static_cast<CAMetalLayer *>(subView.layer);
+    }
 #else
     auto *view = (CCView *)info.windowHandle;
     CAMetalLayer *layer = static_cast<CAMetalLayer *>(view.layer);
diff --git a/native/cocos/ui/edit-box/EditBox-mac.mm b/native/cocos/ui/edit-box/EditBox-mac.mm
index e9258a31135..8b160e5e9a4 100644
--- a/native/cocos/ui/edit-box/EditBox-mac.mm
+++ b/native/cocos/ui/edit-box/EditBox-mac.mm
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ of this software and associated engine source code (the "Software"), a limited,
 #include "cocos/bindings/jswrapper/SeApi.h"
 #include "cocos/bindings/manual/jsb_global.h"
 #include "engine/EngineEvents.h"
+#include "platform/SDLHelper.h"
 
 #import <AppKit/AppKit.h>
 
@@ -241,6 +242,10 @@ void initTextField(const cc::EditBox::ShowInfo &showInfo) {
 }
 
 void init(const cc::EditBox::ShowInfo &showInfo) {
+    // SDL has an internal implementation of textinput ,
+    // which internally sends the SDL_TEXTINPUT event. Causing two events to be sent.
+    // So we need to stop the implementation of TextInput.
+    cc::SDLHelper::stopTextInput();
     if (showInfo.isMultiline)
         initTextView(showInfo);
     else

From b46cba6278710cd257cba9c364e1cf164f556bcb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yiwen <15225434259xue@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 8 Sep 2023 10:52:46 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 33/59] Fix/meshopt (#16200)

* fix meshopt trigger

* add missing part

* add fallback for platform that doean't support half vertex attr

* fix tidy

* revert wrong code

* correct missing field

* optimize

* tune, fix bug
---
 cocos/3d/assets/mesh.ts             | 160 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 editor/i18n/zh/assets.js            | 123 +++++++++------------
 native/cocos/3d/assets/Mesh.cpp     | 144 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 native/cocos/3d/assets/Mesh.h       |   9 ++
 native/cocos/3d/misc/CreateMesh.cpp |  14 ++-
 native/cocos/3d/misc/CreateMesh.h   |   2 +
 6 files changed, 371 insertions(+), 81 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cocos/3d/assets/mesh.ts b/cocos/3d/assets/mesh.ts
index d064d93ddb0..5011a6e09d8 100644
--- a/cocos/3d/assets/mesh.ts
+++ b/cocos/3d/assets/mesh.ts
@@ -28,11 +28,11 @@ import { Asset } from '../../asset/assets/asset';
 import { IDynamicGeometry } from '../../primitive/define';
 import { BufferBlob } from '../misc/buffer-blob';
 import { Skeleton } from './skeleton';
-import { geometry, cclegacy, sys, warnID, Mat4, Quat, Vec3, assertIsTrue, murmurhash2_32_gc, errorID } from '../../core';
+import { geometry, cclegacy, sys, warnID, Mat4, Quat, Vec3, assertIsTrue, murmurhash2_32_gc, errorID, halfToFloat } from '../../core';
 import { RenderingSubMesh } from '../../asset/assets';
 import {
     Attribute, Device, Buffer, BufferInfo, AttributeName, BufferUsageBit, Feature, Format,
-    FormatInfos, FormatType, MemoryUsageBit, PrimitiveMode, getTypedArrayConstructor, DrawInfo, FormatInfo, deviceManager,
+    FormatInfos, FormatType, MemoryUsageBit, PrimitiveMode, getTypedArrayConstructor, DrawInfo, FormatInfo, deviceManager, FormatFeatureBit,
 } from '../../gfx';
 import { Morph } from './morph';
 import { MorphRendering, createMorphRendering } from './morph-rendering';
@@ -409,6 +409,11 @@ export class Mesh extends Asset {
         if (this.struct.encoded) { // decode mesh data
             info = decodeMesh(info);
         }
+        if (this.struct.quantized
+            && !(deviceManager.gfxDevice.getFormatFeatures(Format.RGB16F) & FormatFeatureBit.VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE)) {
+            // dequantize mesh data
+            info = dequantizeMesh(info);
+        }
 
         this._struct = info.struct;
         this._data = info.data;
@@ -1507,11 +1512,6 @@ export function decodeMesh (mesh: Mesh.ICreateInfo): Mesh.ICreateInfo {
         return mesh;
     }
 
-    // decode the mesh
-    if (!MeshoptDecoder.supported) {
-        return mesh;
-    }
-
     const res_checker = (res: number): void => {
         if (res < 0) {
             errorID(14204, res);
@@ -1581,4 +1581,150 @@ export function inflateMesh (mesh: Mesh.ICreateInfo): Mesh.ICreateInfo {
     return mesh;
 }
 
+export function dequantizeMesh (mesh: Mesh.ICreateInfo): Mesh.ICreateInfo {
+    const struct = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(mesh.struct)) as Mesh.IStruct;
+
+    const bufferBlob = new BufferBlob();
+    bufferBlob.setNextAlignment(0);
+
+    function transformVertex (
+        reader: ((offset: number) => number),
+        writer: ((offset: number, value: number) => void),
+        count: number,
+        components: number,
+        componentSize: number,
+        readerStride: number,
+        writerStride: number,
+    ): void {
+        for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            for (let j = 0; j < components; j++) {
+                const inputOffset = readerStride * i + componentSize * j;
+                const outputOffset = writerStride * i + componentSize * j;
+                writer(outputOffset, reader(inputOffset));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    function dequantizeHalf (
+        reader: ((offset: number) => number),
+        writer: ((offset: number, value: number) => void),
+        count: number,
+        components: number,
+        readerStride: number,
+        writerStride: number,
+    ): void {
+        for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            for (let j = 0; j < components; j++) {
+                const inputOffset = readerStride * i + 2 * j;
+                const outputOffset = writerStride * i + 4 * j;
+                const value = halfToFloat(reader(inputOffset));
+                writer(outputOffset, value);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < struct.vertexBundles.length; ++i) {
+        const bundle = struct.vertexBundles[i];
+        const view = bundle.view;
+        const attributes =  bundle.attributes;
+        const oldAttributes = mesh.struct.vertexBundles[i].attributes;
+        const strides: number[] = [];
+        const dequantizes: boolean[] = [];
+        const readers: ((offset: number) => number)[] = [];
+        for (let j = 0; j < attributes.length; ++j) {
+            const attr = attributes[j];
+            const inputView = new DataView(mesh.data.buffer, view.offset + getOffset(oldAttributes, j));
+            const reader = getReader(inputView, attr.format);
+            let dequantize = true;
+            switch (attr.format) {
+            case Format.R16F:
+                attr.format = Format.R32F;
+                break;
+            case Format.RG16F:
+                attr.format = Format.RG32F;
+                break;
+            case Format.RGB16F:
+                attr.format = Format.RGB32F;
+                break;
+            case Format.RGBA16F:
+                attr.format = Format.RGBA32F;
+                break;
+            default:
+                dequantize = false;
+                break;
+            }
+            strides.push(FormatInfos[attr.format].size);
+            dequantizes.push(dequantize);
+            readers.push(reader!);
+        }
+        const netStride = strides.reduce((acc, cur) => acc + cur, 0);
+        const newBuffer = new Uint8Array(netStride * view.count);
+        for (let j = 0; j < attributes.length; ++j) {
+            const attribute = attributes[j];
+            const reader = readers[j];
+            const outputView = new DataView(newBuffer.buffer, getOffset(attributes, j));
+            const writer = getWriter(outputView, attribute.format)!;
+            const dequantize = dequantizes[j];
+            const formatInfo = FormatInfos[attribute.format];
+            if (dequantize) {
+                dequantizeHalf(
+                    reader,
+                    writer,
+                    view.count,
+                    formatInfo.count,
+                    view.stride,
+                    netStride,
+                );
+            } else {
+                transformVertex(
+                    reader,
+                    writer,
+                    view.count,
+                    formatInfo.count,
+                    formatInfo.size / formatInfo.count,
+                    view.stride,
+                    netStride,
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        bufferBlob.setNextAlignment(netStride);
+        const newView: Mesh.IBufferView = {
+            offset: bufferBlob.getLength(),
+            length: newBuffer.byteLength,
+            count: view.count,
+            stride: netStride,
+        };
+        bundle.view = newView;
+        bufferBlob.addBuffer(newBuffer);
+    }
+
+    // dump index buffer
+    for (const primitive of struct.primitives) {
+        if (primitive.indexView === undefined) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        const view = primitive.indexView;
+        const buffer = new Uint8Array(mesh.data.buffer, view.offset, view.length);
+        bufferBlob.setNextAlignment(view.stride);
+        const newView: Mesh.IBufferView = {
+            offset: bufferBlob.getLength(),
+            length: buffer.byteLength,
+            count: view.count,
+            stride: view.stride,
+        };
+        primitive.indexView = newView;
+        bufferBlob.addBuffer(buffer);
+    }
+
+    const data = new Uint8Array(bufferBlob.getCombined());
+
+    struct.quantized = false;
+
+    return {
+        struct,
+        data,
+    };
+}
+
 // function get
diff --git a/editor/i18n/zh/assets.js b/editor/i18n/zh/assets.js
index 6396bdfe316..e02c185354e 100644
--- a/editor/i18n/zh/assets.js
+++ b/editor/i18n/zh/assets.js
@@ -325,84 +325,65 @@ module.exports = {
                 name: '填充顶点色',
                 title: '如果模型没有顶点颜色属性，添加颜色属性，填充为白色。',
             },
+            meshOptimize: {
+                name: '网格优化',
+                title: '是否优化网格数据。',
+                vertexCache: {
+                    name: '顶点缓存',
+                    title: '优化顶点缓冲区以提高顶点缓存命中率。<br>建议对顶点数较高的模型启用此选项。',
+                },
+                vertexFetch: {
+                    name: '顶点提取',
+                    title: '优化顶点缓冲区以提高顶点提取效率。<br>建议对顶点数较高的模型启用此选项。',
+                },
+                overdraw: {
+                    name: '过度绘制',
+                    title: '优化顶点缓冲区以减少过度绘制。<br>建议对顶点数较高的模型启用此选项。',
+                },
+            },
             meshSimplify: {
-                name: 'Mesh 简化',
-                title: 'Mesh 简化可以被用来简化导入的模型，可以在需要模型减面时使用。<br>在一些少数情况下减面后的模型可能会出现显示异常，如发生这种情况请尝试调整参数并重试。',
-                simplification: {
-                    name: 'Simplification',
-                    title: 'Simplification',
-                    si: {
-                        name: 'Achieve The Ratio R',
-                        title: 'Achieve The Ratio R',
-                    },
-                    sa: {
-                        name: 'Aggressively Simplify',
-                        title: 'Aggressively Simplify',
-                    },
+                name: '网格简化',
+                title: '是否简化网格数据。',
+                targetRatio: {
+                    name: '目标比率',
+                    title: '简化网格数据的目标顶点数的比例。<br>建议将此值设置为 0.5。',
                 },
-                scene: {
-                    name: 'Scene',
-                    title: 'Scene',
-                    kn: {
-                        name: 'Keep Nodes Transform',
-                        title: 'Keep Nodes Transform',
-                    },
-                    ke: {
-                        name: 'Keep Extras Data',
-                        title: 'Keep Extras Data',
-                    },
+                autoErrorRate: {
+                    name: '自动误差率',
+                    title: '是否自动计算简化网格数据的误差率。',
                 },
-                miscellaneous: {
-                    name: 'Miscellaneous',
-                    title: 'Miscellaneous',
-                    noq: {
-                        name: 'Disable Quantization',
-                        title: 'Disable Quantization',
-                    },
-                    v: {
-                        name: 'Verbose Output',
-                        title: 'Verbose Output',
-                    },
+                errorRate: {
+                    name: '误差率',
+                    title: '简化网格数据的最大误差率。<br>此值还会影响结果大小。<br>建议调整直到获得良好的结果。',
                 },
-                algorithm: {
-                    name: '减面算法',
-                    simplify: 'simplify',
-                    gltfpack: 'gltfpack (已废弃)',
+                lockBoundary: {
+                    name: '锁定边界',
+                    title: '是否锁定简化网格数据的边界。',
                 },
-                simplify: {
-                    targetRatio: {
-                        name: 'LOD 压缩比例',
-                        title: '减面之后的目标面数比例，0 代表减面至最少，1 代表没有减面的原模型。',
-                    },
-                    preserveSurfaceCurvature: {
-                        name: '保留表面曲率',
-                        title: 'Preserve Surface Curvature',
-                    },
-                    preserveBorderEdges: {
-                        name: '保留边界边',
-                        title: 'Preserve Border Edges',
-                    },
-                    preserveUVSeamEdges: {
-                        name: '保留 UV 缝合边',
-                        title: 'Preserve UV Seam Edges',
-                    },
-                    preserveUVFoldoverEdges: {
-                        name: '保留 UV 折叠边',
-                        title: 'Preserve UV Foldover Edges',
-                    },
-                    agressiveness: {
-                        name: '误差距离',
-                        title: '模型减面算法的激进程度。<br>当设置数值越高时，算法的减面策略会越激进，但是过于激进的策略更有可能导致结果错误。',
-                    },
-                    maxIterationCount: {
-                        name: '计算迭代次数',
-                        title: '最大重复计数代表减面算法运行的重复次数。<br>高数值可以使算法运行结果更接近目标，但也会增加运行时间和结果错误的概率。',
-                    },
+            },
+            meshCluster: {
+                name: '网格切块',
+                title: '是否分割网格数据。',
+                generateBounding: {
+                    name: '生成包围体',
+                    title: '是否为聚类的网格数据生成包围球和法线锥。',
+                },
+            },
+            meshCompress:{
+                name: '网格压缩',
+                title: '是否压缩网格数据。',
+                encode: {
+                    name: '编码',
+                    title: '对网格数据进行编码以减少数据大小。',
+                },
+                compress: {
+                    name: '压缩',
+                    title: '对网格数据进行压缩以减少数据大小。',
                 },
-                gltfpack: {
-                    warn: '当前资源使用的减面算法 gltfpack 已被废弃，请选用新的 simplify 减面算法。',
+                quantize: {
+                    name: '量化',
+                    title: '对网格数据进行量化以减少数据大小。',
                 },
-                warn: '警告：优化后，网格资源的数量和名称会发生改变，这将会造成组件引用的资源丢失，请及时手动更新；（另外，对于模型资源中预生成的预制体，资源同步机制会自动更新）',
             },
             animationBakeRate: {
                 name: '动画烘焙速率',
diff --git a/native/cocos/3d/assets/Mesh.cpp b/native/cocos/3d/assets/Mesh.cpp
index 615a06b3aa9..8446ec0f51e 100644
--- a/native/cocos/3d/assets/Mesh.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/3d/assets/Mesh.cpp
@@ -32,8 +32,12 @@
 #include "core/assets/RenderingSubMesh.h"
 #include "core/platform/Debug.h"
 #include "math/Quaternion.h"
+#include "math/Utils.h"
 #include "renderer/gfx-base/GFXDevice.h"
 
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <numeric>
+
 #define CC_OPTIMIZE_MESH_DATA 0
 
 namespace cc {
@@ -247,6 +251,143 @@ void convertRG32FToRG16F(const float *src, uint16_t *dst) {
 
 } // namespace
 
+void MeshUtils::dequantizeMesh(Mesh::IStruct &structInfo, Uint8Array &data) {
+    BufferBlob bufferBlob;
+    bufferBlob.setNextAlignment(0);
+
+    using DataReaderCallback = std::function<TypedArrayElementType(uint32_t)>;
+    using DataWritterCallback = std::function<void(uint32_t, TypedArrayElementType)>;
+
+    const auto transformVertex =
+        [](const DataReaderCallback &reader,
+           const DataWritterCallback &writer,
+           uint32_t count,
+           uint32_t components,
+           uint32_t componentSize,
+           uint32_t readerStride,
+           uint32_t writerStride) -> void {
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+            for (uint32_t j = 0; j < components; ++j) {
+                const auto inputOffset = readerStride * i + componentSize * j;
+                const auto outputOffset = writerStride * i + componentSize * j;
+                writer(outputOffset, reader(inputOffset));
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    const auto dequantizeHalf =
+        [](const DataReaderCallback &reader,
+           const DataWritterCallback &writer,
+           uint32_t count,
+           uint32_t components,
+           uint32_t readerStride,
+           uint32_t writerStride) -> void {
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+            for (uint32_t j = 0; j < components; ++j) {
+                const auto inputOffset = readerStride * i + 2 * j;
+                const auto outputOffset = writerStride * i + 4 * j;
+                const auto val = mathutils::halfToFloat(ccstd::get<uint16_t>(reader(inputOffset)));
+                writer(outputOffset, val);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    for (auto &bundle : structInfo.vertexBundles) {
+        auto &view = bundle.view;
+        auto &attrs = bundle.attributes;
+        auto oldAttrs = attrs;
+        std::vector<uint32_t> strides;
+        std::vector<bool> dequantizes;
+        std::vector<DataReaderCallback> readers;
+        strides.reserve(attrs.size());
+        dequantizes.reserve(attrs.size());
+        readers.reserve(attrs.size());
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < attrs.size(); ++i) {
+            auto &attr = attrs[i];
+            auto inputView = DataView(data.buffer(), view.offset + getOffset(oldAttrs, i));
+            auto reader = getReader(inputView, attr.format);
+            auto dequantize = true;
+            switch (attr.format) {
+                case gfx::Format::R16F:
+                    attr.format = gfx::Format::R32F;
+                    break;
+                case gfx::Format::RG16F:
+                    attr.format = gfx::Format::RG32F;
+                    break;
+                case gfx::Format::RGB16F:
+                    attr.format = gfx::Format::RGB32F;
+                    break;
+                case gfx::Format::RGBA16F:
+                    attr.format = gfx::Format::RGBA32F;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    dequantize = false;
+                    break;
+            }
+            strides.push_back(gfx::GFX_FORMAT_INFOS[static_cast<uint32_t>(attr.format)].size);
+            dequantizes.push_back(dequantize);
+            readers.push_back(reader);
+        }
+        auto netStride = std::accumulate(strides.begin(), strides.end(), 0U);
+        auto vertData = Uint8Array(view.count * netStride);
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < attrs.size(); i++) {
+            const auto &attr = attrs[i];
+            const auto &reader = readers[i];
+            auto outputView = DataView(vertData.buffer(), getOffset(attrs, i));
+            auto writer = getWriter(outputView, attr.format);
+            const auto &dequantize = dequantizes[i];
+            const auto &formatInfo = gfx::GFX_FORMAT_INFOS[static_cast<uint32_t>(attr.format)];
+            if (dequantize) {
+                dequantizeHalf(
+                    reader,
+                    writer,
+                    view.count,
+                    formatInfo.count,
+                    view.stride,
+                    netStride);
+            } else {
+                transformVertex(
+                    reader,
+                    writer,
+                    view.count,
+                    formatInfo.count,
+                    formatInfo.size / formatInfo.count,
+                    view.stride,
+                    netStride);
+            }
+        }
+
+        bufferBlob.setNextAlignment(netStride);
+        Mesh::IBufferView vertexView;
+        vertexView.offset = bufferBlob.getLength();
+        vertexView.length = view.count * netStride;
+        vertexView.count = view.count;
+        vertexView.stride = netStride;
+        bundle.view = vertexView;
+        bufferBlob.addBuffer(vertData.buffer());
+    }
+
+    for (auto &primitive : structInfo.primitives) {
+        if (!primitive.indexView.has_value()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        auto &view = *primitive.indexView;
+        auto *buffer = ccnew ArrayBuffer(data.buffer()->getData() + view.offset, view.length);
+        bufferBlob.setNextAlignment(view.stride);
+        Mesh::IBufferView indexView;
+        indexView.offset = bufferBlob.getLength();
+        indexView.length = view.length;
+        indexView.count = view.count;
+        indexView.stride = view.stride;
+        primitive.indexView = indexView;
+        bufferBlob.addBuffer(buffer);
+    }
+
+    structInfo.quantized = false;
+
+    data = Uint8Array(bufferBlob.getCombined());
+}
+
 Mesh::~Mesh() = default;
 
 ccstd::any Mesh::getNativeAsset() const {
@@ -314,6 +455,9 @@ void Mesh::initialize() {
         // decode
         MeshUtils::decodeMesh(_struct, _data);
     }
+    if (_struct.quantized && !hasFlag(gfx::Device::getInstance()->getFormatFeatures(gfx::Format::RG16F), gfx::FormatFeature::VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE)) {
+        MeshUtils::dequantizeMesh(_struct, _data);
+    }
 
     if (_struct.dynamic.has_value()) {
         auto *device = gfx::Device::getInstance();
diff --git a/native/cocos/3d/assets/Mesh.h b/native/cocos/3d/assets/Mesh.h
index 0eac30df259..8895059823c 100644
--- a/native/cocos/3d/assets/Mesh.h
+++ b/native/cocos/3d/assets/Mesh.h
@@ -72,6 +72,13 @@ class Mesh : public Asset {
         gfx::AttributeList attributes;
     };
 
+    struct IMeshCluster {
+        IBufferView clusterView;
+        IBufferView triangleView;
+        IBufferView vertexView;
+        IBufferView coneView;
+    };
+
     /**
      * @en Sub mesh contains a list of primitives with the same type (Point, Line or Triangle)
      * @zh 子网格。子网格由一系列相同类型的图元组成（例如点、线、面等）。
@@ -101,6 +108,8 @@ class Mesh : public Asset {
          * 如未定义或指向的映射表不存在，则默认 VB 内所有关节索引数据直接对应骨骼资源数据。
          */
         ccstd::optional<uint32_t> jointMapIndex;
+
+        ccstd::optional<IMeshCluster> cluster;
     };
 
     /**
diff --git a/native/cocos/3d/misc/CreateMesh.cpp b/native/cocos/3d/misc/CreateMesh.cpp
index e479a23d33d..ffed86a849d 100644
--- a/native/cocos/3d/misc/CreateMesh.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/3d/misc/CreateMesh.cpp
@@ -409,14 +409,22 @@ Mesh::ICreateInfo MeshUtils::createDynamicMeshInfo(const IDynamicGeometry &geome
 void MeshUtils::inflateMesh(const Mesh::IStruct &structInfo, Uint8Array &data) {
     uLongf uncompressedSize = 0U;
     for (const auto &prim : structInfo.primitives) {
-        uncompressedSize += prim.indexView->length;
+        if (prim.indexView.has_value()) {
+            uncompressedSize += prim.indexView->length + prim.indexView->stride;
+        }
+        if (prim.cluster.has_value()) {
+            uncompressedSize += prim.cluster->vertexView.length + prim.cluster->vertexView.stride;
+            uncompressedSize += prim.cluster->triangleView.length + prim.cluster->triangleView.stride;
+            uncompressedSize += prim.cluster->clusterView.length + prim.cluster->clusterView.stride;
+            uncompressedSize += prim.cluster->coneView.length + prim.cluster->coneView.stride;
+        }
     }
     for (const auto &vb : structInfo.vertexBundles) {
-        uncompressedSize += vb.view.length;
+        uncompressedSize += vb.view.length + vb.view.stride;
     }
     auto uncompressedData = Uint8Array(static_cast<uint32_t>(uncompressedSize));
     auto res = uncompress(uncompressedData.buffer()->getData(), &uncompressedSize, data.buffer()->getData(), data.byteLength());
-    data = uncompressedData;
+    data = Uint8Array(uncompressedData.buffer(), 0, static_cast<uint32_t>(uncompressedSize));
 }
 
 void MeshUtils::decodeMesh(Mesh::IStruct &structInfo, Uint8Array &data) {
diff --git a/native/cocos/3d/misc/CreateMesh.h b/native/cocos/3d/misc/CreateMesh.h
index 84f1272168e..4aba2eeb144 100644
--- a/native/cocos/3d/misc/CreateMesh.h
+++ b/native/cocos/3d/misc/CreateMesh.h
@@ -94,6 +94,8 @@ class MeshUtils {
     static void inflateMesh(const Mesh::IStruct &structInfo, Uint8Array &data);
 
     static void decodeMesh(Mesh::IStruct &structInfo, Uint8Array &data);
+
+    static void dequantizeMesh(Mesh::IStruct &structInfo, Uint8Array &data);
 };
 
 } // namespace cc

From 4c7d2ceee8f35430761bddf9bf1c4931c077025d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GengineJS <476393671@qq.com>
Date: Fri, 8 Sep 2023 11:04:06 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 34/59] Fixed the problem of new pipeline don't clear reporting
 an error (#16217)

---
 cocos/rendering/post-process/passes/forward-pass.ts | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cocos/rendering/post-process/passes/forward-pass.ts b/cocos/rendering/post-process/passes/forward-pass.ts
index fb73550de00..4fa9f366640 100644
--- a/cocos/rendering/post-process/passes/forward-pass.ts
+++ b/cocos/rendering/post-process/passes/forward-pass.ts
@@ -17,10 +17,11 @@ export class ForwardPass extends BasePass {
     depthBufferShadingScale = 1;
 
     calcDepthSlot (camera: Camera): void {
-        let canUsePrevDepth = !!passContext.depthSlotName;
-        canUsePrevDepth = !(camera.clearFlag & ClearFlagBit.DEPTH_STENCIL);
+        const depthSlotName = !!passContext.depthSlotName;
+        let canUsePrevDepth = !(camera.clearFlag & ClearFlagBit.DEPTH_STENCIL);
         canUsePrevDepth = canUsePrevDepth && passContext.shadingScale === this.depthBufferShadingScale;
         if (canUsePrevDepth) {
+            if (!depthSlotName) passContext.depthSlotName = super.slotName(camera, 1);
             return;
         }
         this.depthBufferShadingScale = passContext.shadingScale;

From 3c0aaf5138bb819c1f39db7005df1ed302b11f3b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: troublemaker52025 <troublemaker52025@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 8 Sep 2023 14:53:38 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 35/59] fix debugView UBO data for native custom pipeline
 (#16218)

---
 cocos/rendering/pipeline-ubo.ts               | 41 +++++++-------
 .../pipeline/custom/NativeBuiltinUtils.cpp    | 54 ++++++-------------
 2 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 56 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cocos/rendering/pipeline-ubo.ts b/cocos/rendering/pipeline-ubo.ts
index 38bfb231123..81c84ebcf3f 100644
--- a/cocos/rendering/pipeline-ubo.ts
+++ b/cocos/rendering/pipeline-ubo.ts
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ import { builtinResMgr } from '../asset/asset-manager/builtin-res-mgr';
 import { Texture2D } from '../asset/assets';
 import { DebugViewCompositeType } from './debug-view';
 import { getDescBindingFromName } from './custom/define';
+import { Root } from '../root';
 
 const _matShadowView = new Mat4();
 const _matShadowProj = new Mat4();
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ const _tempVec3 = new Vec3();
 export class PipelineUBO {
     public static updateGlobalUBOView (window: RenderWindow, bufferView: Float32Array): void {
         const director = cclegacy.director;
-        const root = director.root;
+        const root = director.root as Root;
         const fv = bufferView;
 
         const shadingWidth = Math.floor(window.width);
@@ -75,19 +76,21 @@ export class PipelineUBO {
         }
 
         const debugView = root.debugView;
-        fv[UBOGlobal.DEBUG_VIEW_MODE_OFFSET] = debugView.singleMode as number;
-
-        for (let i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
+        for (let i = 0; i <= 3; i++) {
             fv[UBOGlobal.DEBUG_VIEW_MODE_OFFSET + i] = 0.0;
         }
-        for (let i = DebugViewCompositeType.DIRECT_DIFFUSE as number; i < DebugViewCompositeType.MAX_BIT_COUNT; i++) {
-            const offset = i >> 3;
-            const bit = i % 8;
-            fv[UBOGlobal.DEBUG_VIEW_MODE_OFFSET + 1 + offset] += (debugView.isCompositeModeEnabled(i) ? 1.0 : 0.0) * (10.0 ** bit);
-        }
+        if (debugView.isEnabled()) {
+            fv[UBOGlobal.DEBUG_VIEW_MODE_OFFSET] = debugView.singleMode as number;
+
+            for (let i = DebugViewCompositeType.DIRECT_DIFFUSE as number; i < (DebugViewCompositeType.MAX_BIT_COUNT as unknown as number); i++) {
+                const offset = i >> 3;
+                const bit = i % 8;
+                fv[UBOGlobal.DEBUG_VIEW_MODE_OFFSET + 1 + offset] += (debugView.isCompositeModeEnabled(i) ? 1.0 : 0.0) * (10.0 ** bit);
+            }
 
-        fv[UBOGlobal.DEBUG_VIEW_MODE_OFFSET + 3] += (debugView.lightingWithAlbedo ? 1.0 : 0.0) * (10.0 ** 6.0);
-        fv[UBOGlobal.DEBUG_VIEW_MODE_OFFSET + 3] += (debugView.csmLayerColoration ? 1.0 : 0.0) * (10.0 ** 7.0);
+            fv[UBOGlobal.DEBUG_VIEW_MODE_OFFSET + 3] += (debugView.lightingWithAlbedo ? 1.0 : 0.0) * (10.0 ** 6.0);
+            fv[UBOGlobal.DEBUG_VIEW_MODE_OFFSET + 3] += (debugView.csmLayerColoration ? 1.0 : 0.0) * (10.0 ** 7.0);
+        }
     }
 
     public static updateCameraUBOView (
@@ -96,7 +99,7 @@ export class PipelineUBO {
         camera: Camera,
     ): void {
         const scene = camera.scene ? camera.scene : cclegacy.director.getScene().renderScene;
-        const mainLight = scene.mainLight;
+        const mainLight = scene.mainLight as DirectionalLight;
         const sceneData = pipeline.pipelineSceneData;
         const ambient = sceneData.ambient;
         const skybox = sceneData.skybox;
@@ -339,9 +342,9 @@ export class PipelineUBO {
                 if (shadowInfo.type === ShadowType.ShadowMap) {
                     let near = 0.1;
                     let far = 0;
-                    let matShadowView;
-                    let matShadowProj;
-                    let matShadowViewProj;
+                    let matShadowView: Mat4;
+                    let matShadowProj: Mat4;
+                    let matShadowViewProj: Mat4;
                     let levelCount = 0;
                     if (mainLight.shadowFixedArea || mainLight.csmLevel === CSMLevel.LEVEL_1 || !csmSupported) {
                         matShadowView = csmLayers.specialLayer.matShadowView;
@@ -403,10 +406,10 @@ export class PipelineUBO {
 
                 Mat4.perspective(
                     _matShadowProj,
-                    (light as any).angle,
+                    spotLight.angle,
                     1.0,
                     0.001,
-                    (light as any).range,
+                    spotLight.range,
                     true,
                     cap.clipSpaceMinZ,
                     cap.clipSpaceSignY,
@@ -564,6 +567,6 @@ export class PipelineUBO {
         }
     }
 
-    public destroy (): void {
-    }
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-empty-function
+    public destroy (): void {}
 }
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/pipeline/custom/NativeBuiltinUtils.cpp b/native/cocos/renderer/pipeline/custom/NativeBuiltinUtils.cpp
index 07c7d0aaa33..fabf92f5d61 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/pipeline/custom/NativeBuiltinUtils.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/pipeline/custom/NativeBuiltinUtils.cpp
@@ -42,10 +42,10 @@ namespace cc {
 namespace render {
 
 void setupQuadVertexBuffer(gfx::Device &device, const Vec4 &viewport, float vbData[16]) {
-    auto minX = static_cast<float>(viewport.x);
-    auto maxX = static_cast<float>(viewport.x + viewport.z);
-    auto minY = static_cast<float>(viewport.y);
-    auto maxY = static_cast<float>(viewport.y + viewport.w);
+    const float minX = viewport.x;
+    const float maxX = viewport.x + viewport.z;
+    float minY = viewport.y;
+    float maxY = viewport.y + viewport.w;
     if (device.getCapabilities().screenSpaceSignY > 0) {
         std::swap(minY, maxY);
     }
@@ -87,43 +87,23 @@ void updateRasterPassConstants(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, Setter &setter)
     setter.setVec4(
         "cc_nativeSize",
         Vec4(shadingWidth, shadingHeight, 1.0F / shadingWidth, 1.0F / shadingHeight));
-#if 0
+
     const auto *debugView = root.getDebugView();
-    if (debugView) {
-        setter.setVec4(
-            "cc_debug_view_mode",
-            Vec4(static_cast<float>(debugView->getSingleMode()),
-                 debugView->isLightingWithAlbedo() ? 1.0F : 0.0F,
-                 debugView->isCsmLayerColoration() ? 1.0F : 0.0F,
-                 0.0F));
-        Vec4 debugPackVec{};
-        for (auto i = static_cast<uint32_t>(pipeline::DebugViewCompositeType::DIRECT_DIFFUSE);
-             i < static_cast<uint32_t>(pipeline::DebugViewCompositeType::MAX_BIT_COUNT); ++i) {
-            const auto idx = i % 4;
-            (&debugPackVec.x)[idx] = debugView->isCompositeModeEnabled(i) ? 1.0F : 0.0F;
-            const auto packIdx = static_cast<uint32_t>(floor(static_cast<float>(i) / 4.0F));
-            if (idx == 3) {
-                std::string name("cc_debug_view_composite_pack_");
-                name.append(std::to_string(packIdx + 1));
-                setter.setVec4(name, debugPackVec);
-            }
-        }
-    } else {
-        setter.setVec4("cc_debug_view_mode", Vec4(0.0F, 1.0F, 0.0F, 0.0F));
-        Vec4 debugPackVec{};
+    float debugViewData[4] = {0.0F, 0.0F, 0.0F, 0.0F};
+    if (debugView && debugView->isEnabled()) {
+        debugViewData[0] = static_cast<float>(debugView->getSingleMode());
         for (auto i = static_cast<uint32_t>(pipeline::DebugViewCompositeType::DIRECT_DIFFUSE);
              i < static_cast<uint32_t>(pipeline::DebugViewCompositeType::MAX_BIT_COUNT); ++i) {
-            const auto idx = i % 4;
-            (&debugPackVec.x)[idx] = 1.0F;
-            const auto packIdx = static_cast<uint32_t>(floor(i / 4.0));
-            if (idx == 3) {
-                std::string name("cc_debug_view_composite_pack_");
-                name.append(std::to_string(packIdx + 1));
-                setter.setVec4(name, debugPackVec);
-            }
+            const uint32_t offset = i >> 3;
+            const uint32_t bit = i % 8;
+            debugViewData[1 + offset] += (debugView->isCompositeModeEnabled(i) ? 1.0F : 0.0F) * powf(10.0F, static_cast<float>(bit));
         }
+        debugViewData[3] += (debugView->isLightingWithAlbedo() ? 1.0F : 0.0F) * powf(10.0F, static_cast<float>(6));
+        debugViewData[3] += (debugView->isCsmLayerColoration() ? 1.0F : 0.0F) * powf(10.0F, static_cast<float>(7));
     }
-#endif
+    setter.setVec4(
+        "cc_debug_view_mode",
+        Vec4(debugViewData[0], debugViewData[1], debugViewData[2], debugViewData[3]));
 }
 
 namespace {
@@ -373,7 +353,7 @@ void setShadowUBOView(
                 }
             }
         } else {
-            Vec3 tempVec3 = shadowInfo.getNormal().getNormalized();
+            const Vec3 tempVec3 = shadowInfo.getNormal().getNormalized();
             setVec4Impl(data, layoutGraph,
                         "cc_planarNDInfo",
                         Vec4(tempVec3.x, tempVec3.y, tempVec3.z, -shadowInfo.getDistance()));

From 164aa24aa77d394724f7a7d1ac09d2f4f197d61d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James Chen <dumganhar@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 8 Sep 2023 14:53:49 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 36/59] [ci skip] Add android ndk cache for CI (#16224)

---
 .../workflows/generate-android-ndk-cache.yml  | 31 +++++++++++++++++++
 .github/workflows/native-bindings.yml         |  1 +
 .../workflows/native-compile-platforms.yml    |  2 ++
 .github/workflows/native-linter-android.yml   |  1 +
 4 files changed, 35 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/generate-android-ndk-cache.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/generate-android-ndk-cache.yml b/.github/workflows/generate-android-ndk-cache.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b83a53e92a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/generate-android-ndk-cache.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+name: <Native> Generate Android NDK Cache
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      android_ndk_sdk_version:
+        description: 'Android NDK Version'
+        type: string
+        default: 'r21e'
+        required: true
+
+jobs:
+  generate_android_ndk_cache:
+    name: "Generate Android NDK Cache"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Android NDK
+        uses: nttld/setup-ndk@v1
+        id: setup-ndk
+        with:
+          ndk-version: ${{ github.event.inputs.android_ndk_sdk_version }}
+          local-cache: true
+
+      - name: Verify
+        env:
+          ANDROID_NDK_HOME: ${{ steps.setup-ndk.outputs.ndk-path }}
+        run: |
+          cd ${ANDROID_NDK_HOME}
+          cat source.properties
+          platform=$(uname -s | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')
+          ./toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/${platform}-x86_64/bin/clang -v
diff --git a/.github/workflows/native-bindings.yml b/.github/workflows/native-bindings.yml
index 188cefc723e..52d014120a1 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/native-bindings.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/native-bindings.yml
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           ndk-version: r21e
           add-to-path: false
+          local-cache: true
       - name: Generate decorators
         run: |
           cd native
diff --git a/.github/workflows/native-compile-platforms.yml b/.github/workflows/native-compile-platforms.yml
index f4e5bcb3c78..450fe8be416 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/native-compile-platforms.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/native-compile-platforms.yml
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           ndk-version: r21e
           add-to-path: false
+          local-cache: true
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v3
         id: setup-jdk
         with:
@@ -144,6 +145,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           ndk-version: r21e
           add-to-path: false
+          local-cache: true
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v3
         id: setup-jdk
         with:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/native-linter-android.yml b/.github/workflows/native-linter-android.yml
index da9c6cea328..edc7d90ae92 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/native-linter-android.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/native-linter-android.yml
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           ndk-version: r21e
           add-to-path: false
+          local-cache: true
       - name: Get changed files
         uses: PatriceJiang/paths-filter@master
         id: listchanged

From 91ce03d6a330d3cb4750be61def685c11d4d4cb0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zeqiang Li <zeqiang-li@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 8 Sep 2023 17:02:15 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 37/59] webgpu update (#16184)

---
 .../renderer/gfx-agent/DescriptorSetAgent.cpp |   5 +-
 .../renderer/gfx-agent/DescriptorSetAgent.h   |   2 +-
 .../renderer/gfx-base/GFXDescriptorSet.cpp    |  19 +-
 .../renderer/gfx-base/GFXDescriptorSet.h      |   3 +-
 .../gfx-validator/DescriptorSetValidator.cpp  |   6 +-
 .../gfx-validator/DescriptorSetValidator.h    |   2 +-
 native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/CMakeLists.txt |  19 +-
 native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUBuffer.cpp |   8 +-
 .../renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUCommandBuffer.cpp   | 121 ++++---
 .../renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUCommandBuffer.h     |   2 +
 .../renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDescriptorSet.cpp   | 267 +++++++--------
 .../renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDescriptorSet.h     |  40 ++-
 .../gfx-wgpu/WGPUDescriptorSetLayout.cpp      | 319 +++++++-----------
 .../gfx-wgpu/WGPUDescriptorSetLayout.h        |  16 +-
 native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDevice.cpp |   7 +-
 native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDevice.h   |   3 +-
 .../cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUEMSImpl.cpp   |  21 +-
 native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUExports.h  |  23 +-
 native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUObject.h   |  11 +-
 .../renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUPipelineLayout.h    |   2 +-
 .../renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUPipelineState.cpp   |   7 +-
 native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUQueue.cpp  |  11 +-
 .../cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUSampler.cpp   |   5 +-
 native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUShader.cpp |  39 ++-
 native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUShader.h   |   7 +-
 .../cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUTexture.cpp   |  50 +++
 native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUTexture.h  |   2 +
 native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUUtils.cpp  |  93 +++--
 native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUUtils.h    |  15 +-
 29 files changed, 599 insertions(+), 526 deletions(-)

diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-agent/DescriptorSetAgent.cpp b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-agent/DescriptorSetAgent.cpp
index b4df711e628..620cc9def43 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-agent/DescriptorSetAgent.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-agent/DescriptorSetAgent.cpp
@@ -98,16 +98,17 @@ void DescriptorSetAgent::forceUpdate() {
         });
 }
 
-void DescriptorSetAgent::bindBuffer(uint32_t binding, Buffer *buffer, uint32_t index) {
+void DescriptorSetAgent::bindBuffer(uint32_t binding, Buffer *buffer, uint32_t index, AccessFlags flags) {
     DescriptorSet::bindBuffer(binding, buffer, index);
 
-    ENQUEUE_MESSAGE_4(
+    ENQUEUE_MESSAGE_5(
         DeviceAgent::getInstance()->getMessageQueue(),
         DescriptorSetBindBuffer,
         actor, getActor(),
         binding, binding,
         buffer, static_cast<BufferAgent *>(buffer)->getActor(),
         index, index,
+        flags, flags,
         {
             actor->bindBuffer(binding, buffer, index);
         });
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-agent/DescriptorSetAgent.h b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-agent/DescriptorSetAgent.h
index a89eaaa09e7..d4290ea0cf3 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-agent/DescriptorSetAgent.h
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-agent/DescriptorSetAgent.h
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class CC_DLL DescriptorSetAgent final : public Agent<DescriptorSet> {
     void update() override;
     void forceUpdate() override;
 
-    void bindBuffer(uint32_t binding, Buffer *buffer, uint32_t index) override;
+    void bindBuffer(uint32_t binding, Buffer *buffer, uint32_t index, AccessFlags flags) override;
     void bindTexture(uint32_t binding, Texture *texture, uint32_t index, AccessFlags flags) override;
     void bindSampler(uint32_t binding, Sampler *sampler, uint32_t index) override;
 
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-base/GFXDescriptorSet.cpp b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-base/GFXDescriptorSet.cpp
index 242886cb173..a2000ebd88d 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-base/GFXDescriptorSet.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-base/GFXDescriptorSet.cpp
@@ -61,13 +61,7 @@ void DescriptorSet::destroy() {
 }
 
 void DescriptorSet::bindBuffer(uint32_t binding, Buffer *buffer, uint32_t index) {
-    const uint32_t descriptorIndex = _layout->getDescriptorIndices()[binding] + index;
-    const uint32_t newId = getObjectID(buffer);
-    if (_buffers[descriptorIndex].id != newId) {
-        _buffers[descriptorIndex].ptr = buffer;
-        _buffers[descriptorIndex].id = newId;
-        _isDirty = true;
-    }
+    bindBuffer(binding, buffer, index, AccessFlagBit::NONE);
 }
 
 void DescriptorSet::bindTexture(uint32_t binding, Texture *texture, uint32_t index) {
@@ -85,6 +79,17 @@ void DescriptorSet::bindTexture(uint32_t binding, Texture *texture, uint32_t ind
     }
 }
 
+void DescriptorSet::bindBuffer(uint32_t binding, Buffer *buffer, uint32_t index, AccessFlags flags) {
+    const uint32_t descriptorIndex = _layout->getDescriptorIndices()[binding] + index;
+    const uint32_t newId = getObjectID(buffer);
+    if (_buffers[descriptorIndex].id != newId) {
+        _buffers[descriptorIndex].ptr = buffer;
+        _buffers[descriptorIndex].id = newId;
+        _buffers[descriptorIndex].flags = flags;
+        _isDirty = true;
+    }
+}
+
 void DescriptorSet::bindSampler(uint32_t binding, Sampler *sampler, uint32_t index) {
     const uint32_t descriptorIndex = _layout->getDescriptorIndices()[binding] + index;
     const uint32_t newId = getObjectID(sampler);
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-base/GFXDescriptorSet.h b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-base/GFXDescriptorSet.h
index cb0b6897d02..fcebdc86616 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-base/GFXDescriptorSet.h
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-base/GFXDescriptorSet.h
@@ -41,10 +41,11 @@ class CC_DLL DescriptorSet : public GFXObject, public RefCounted {
     virtual void update() = 0;
     virtual void forceUpdate() = 0;
 
-    virtual void bindBuffer(uint32_t binding, Buffer *buffer, uint32_t index);
+    virtual void bindBuffer(uint32_t binding, Buffer *buffer, uint32_t index, AccessFlags flags);
     virtual void bindSampler(uint32_t binding, Sampler *sampler, uint32_t index);
     virtual void bindTexture(uint32_t binding, Texture *texture, uint32_t index, AccessFlags flags);
 
+    void bindBuffer(uint32_t binding, Buffer *buffer, uint32_t index);
     void bindTexture(uint32_t binding, Texture *texture, uint32_t index);
 
     // Functions invoked by JSB adapter
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-validator/DescriptorSetValidator.cpp b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-validator/DescriptorSetValidator.cpp
index b487e9262b3..d9d15e85823 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-validator/DescriptorSetValidator.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-validator/DescriptorSetValidator.cpp
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ void DescriptorSetValidator::updateReferenceStamp() {
     _referenceStamp = DeviceValidator::getInstance()->currentFrame();
 }
 
-void DescriptorSetValidator::bindBuffer(uint32_t binding, Buffer *buffer, uint32_t index) {
+void DescriptorSetValidator::bindBuffer(uint32_t binding, Buffer *buffer, uint32_t index, AccessFlags flags) {
     CC_ASSERT(isInited());
     auto *vBuffer = static_cast<BufferValidator *>(buffer);
     CC_ASSERT(buffer && vBuffer->isInited());
@@ -139,9 +139,9 @@ void DescriptorSetValidator::bindBuffer(uint32_t binding, Buffer *buffer, uint32
 
     /////////// execute ///////////
 
-    DescriptorSet::bindBuffer(binding, buffer, index);
+    DescriptorSet::bindBuffer(binding, buffer, index, flags);
 
-    _actor->bindBuffer(binding, vBuffer->getActor(), index);
+    _actor->bindBuffer(binding, vBuffer->getActor(), index, flags);
 }
 
 void DescriptorSetValidator::bindTexture(uint32_t binding, Texture *texture, uint32_t index, AccessFlags flags) {
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-validator/DescriptorSetValidator.h b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-validator/DescriptorSetValidator.h
index 95e14838c67..020ad418980 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-validator/DescriptorSetValidator.h
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-validator/DescriptorSetValidator.h
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class CC_DLL DescriptorSetValidator final : public Agent<DescriptorSet> {
     void update() override;
     void forceUpdate() override;
 
-    void bindBuffer(uint32_t binding, Buffer *buffer, uint32_t index) override;
+    void bindBuffer(uint32_t binding, Buffer *buffer, uint32_t index, AccessFlags flags) override;
     void bindTexture(uint32_t binding, Texture *texture, uint32_t index, AccessFlags flags) override;
     void bindSampler(uint32_t binding, Sampler *sampler, uint32_t index) override;
 
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/CMakeLists.txt b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/CMakeLists.txt
index 8083028fb4b..2881f3643cd 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
 set(APP_NAME "webgpu" CACHE STRING "Project Name")
 project(${APP_NAME}_wasm)
 
+message(${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE})
 if (NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE OR CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "")
     set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Release" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
 endif()
@@ -11,11 +12,13 @@ set(ENGINE_ROOT_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/../../..)
 
 include(${ENGINE_ROOT_DIR}/cmake/predefine.cmake)
 
-# include (${ENGINE_ROOT_DIR}/external/CMakeLists.txt)
+include (${ENGINE_ROOT_DIR}/external/CMakeLists.txt)
 
-set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++17  -Wextra -Wno-nonportable-include-path -fno-exceptions -v")
-set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG} -Wall -g3 -D_DEBUG=1 -Wno-unused -O0 -std=c++17")
-set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE} -w -DNDEBUG=1 -O3 -std=c++17")
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++17  -Wextra -Wno-nonportable-include-path -fno-exceptions -v -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_CXX17_REMOVED_FEATURES=D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_CXX17_REMOVED_FEATURES")
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG} -Wall -g3 -D_DEBUG=1 -Wno-unused -O0 -std=c++17 -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_CXX17_REMOVED_FEATURES")
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE} -w -DNDEBUG=1 -O3 -std=c++17 -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_CXX17_REMOVED_FEATURES")
+
+message(${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE})
 
 AUX_SOURCE_DIRECTORY(
     ./states
@@ -100,7 +103,7 @@ AUX_SOURCE_DIRECTORY(
 add_executable(${APP_NAME}_wasm ${WASM_EXPORTS} ${NATIVE_SRC})
 
 target_include_directories(
-	${APP_NAME}_wasm PRIVATE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/inc"
+	${APP_NAME}_wasm PRIVATE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/include"
 	${CC_EXTERNAL_INCLUDES}
     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}
 	${ENGINE_ROOT_DIR}
@@ -122,4 +125,10 @@ set(EMS_LINK_FLAGS
 "-flto --bind --no-entry -O3 -s USE_ES6_IMPORT_META=0 -s EXPORT_ES6=1 -s MODULARIZE=1 -s EXPORT_NAME='wasmDevice' -s ENVIRONMENT=web -s WASM=1 -s USE_WEBGPU=1 -s NO_EXIT_RUNTIME=1 -s LLD_REPORT_UNDEFINED -s ALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH=1"
 )
 
+if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
+    string(APPEND EMS_LINK_FLAGS " -s ASSERTIONS=2")
+endif()
+
+set_target_properties(${APP_NAME}_wasm PROPERTIES RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${ENGINE_ROOT_DIR}/external/emscripten/webgpu)
+
 set_target_properties(${APP_NAME}_wasm PROPERTIES CXX_STANDARD 17 LINK_FLAGS ${EMS_LINK_FLAGS})
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUBuffer.cpp b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUBuffer.cpp
index 84f335b34de..03cd9d69bde 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUBuffer.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUBuffer.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include "WGPUDevice.h"
 #include "WGPUObject.h"
 #include "WGPUUtils.h"
+#include <boost/align/align_up.hpp>
 
 namespace cc {
 namespace gfx {
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ namespace gfx {
 namespace {
 CCWGPUBuffer *dftUniformBuffer = nullptr;
 CCWGPUBuffer *dftStorageBuffer = nullptr;
+static uint32_t BUFFER_ALIGNMENT = 16;
 } // namespace
 
 using namespace emscripten;
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ void CCWGPUBuffer::doInit(const BufferInfo &info) {
         _gpuBufferObject->indirectObjs.resize(drawInfoCount);
     }
 
-    _size = ceil(info.size / 4.0) * 4;
+    _size = boost::alignment::align_up(_size, BUFFER_ALIGNMENT);
 
     WGPUBufferDescriptor descriptor = {
         .nextInChain = nullptr,
@@ -113,7 +115,7 @@ void CCWGPUBuffer::doResize(uint32_t size, uint32_t count) {
         _gpuBufferObject->indirectObjs.resize(drawInfoCount);
     }
 
-    _size = ceil(size / 4.0) * 4;
+    _size = boost::alignment::align_up(size, BUFFER_ALIGNMENT);
 
     WGPUBufferDescriptor descriptor = {
         .nextInChain = nullptr,
@@ -172,7 +174,7 @@ void CCWGPUBuffer::update(const void *buffer, uint32_t size) {
         update(drawInfo, drawInfoCount);
     } else {
         size_t offset = _isBufferView ? _offset : 0;
-        uint32_t alignedSize = ceil(size / 4.0) * 4;
+        uint32_t alignedSize = boost::alignment::align_up(size, BUFFER_ALIGNMENT);
         size_t buffSize = alignedSize;
         wgpuQueueWriteBuffer(CCWGPUDevice::getInstance()->gpuDeviceObject()->wgpuQueue, _gpuBufferObject->wgpuBuffer, offset, buffer, buffSize);
     }
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUCommandBuffer.cpp b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUCommandBuffer.cpp
index 1900ad1e405..2100682ad86 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUCommandBuffer.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUCommandBuffer.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include "WGPUCommandBuffer.h"
 #include <webgpu/webgpu.h>
 #include <limits>
+#include <string>
 #include "WGPUBuffer.h"
 #include "WGPUDescriptorSet.h"
 #include "WGPUDescriptorSetLayout.h"
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ CCWGPUCommandBuffer::~CCWGPUCommandBuffer() {
     doDestroy();
 }
 void CCWGPUCommandBuffer::doInit(const CommandBufferInfo &info) {
-    _gpuCommandBufferObj = ccnew CCWGPUCommandBufferObject;
+    _gpuCommandBufferObj = ccnew CCWGPUCommandBufferObject{};
     _gpuCommandBufferObj->type = info.type;
     _gpuCommandBufferObj->queue = static_cast<CCWGPUQueue *>(info.queue);
     _gpuCommandBufferObj->stateCache.descriptorSets.resize(4); //(info.queue->getDevice()->getMaxDescriptorSetLayoutBindings());
@@ -77,8 +78,6 @@ void CCWGPUCommandBuffer::doDestroy() {
 }
 
 void CCWGPUCommandBuffer::begin(RenderPass * /*renderPass*/, uint32_t /*subpass*/, Framebuffer * /*frameBuffer*/) {
-    // TODO_Zeqiang: subpass support
-    //    printf("begin\n");
     reset();
 
     _numTriangles = 0;
@@ -93,19 +92,7 @@ void CCWGPUCommandBuffer::begin(RenderPass * /*renderPass*/, uint32_t /*subpass*
 void CCWGPUCommandBuffer::end() {
     auto *pipelineState = _gpuCommandBufferObj->stateCache.pipelineState;
     if (pipelineState) {
-        if (pipelineState->getBindPoint() == PipelineBindPoint::GRAPHICS) {
-            auto *queue = _gpuCommandBufferObj->queue;
-            _gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuCommandBuffer = wgpuCommandEncoderFinish(_gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuCommandEncoder, nullptr);
-            wgpuCommandEncoderRelease(_gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuCommandEncoder);
-            _gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuCommandEncoder = wgpuDefaultHandle;
-        } else {
-            wgpuComputePassEncoderEnd(_gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuComputeEncoder);
-            wgpuComputePassEncoderRelease(_gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuComputeEncoder);
-            _gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuCommandBuffer = wgpuCommandEncoderFinish(_gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuCommandEncoder, nullptr);
-            wgpuCommandEncoderRelease(_gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuCommandEncoder);
-            _gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuComputeEncoder = wgpuDefaultHandle;
-            _gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuCommandEncoder = wgpuDefaultHandle;
-        }
+        _gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuCommandBuffer = wgpuCommandEncoderFinish(_gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuCommandEncoder, nullptr);
     }
 }
 
@@ -170,7 +157,9 @@ void CCWGPUCommandBuffer::beginRenderPass(RenderPass *renderPass, Framebuffer *f
     }
 
     ccstd::vector<WGPURenderPassDepthStencilAttachment> depthStencils;
-    if (dsTexture) {
+    if(renderPass->getDepthStencilAttachment().format == Format::UNKNOWN) {
+        renderPassDesc.depthStencilAttachment = nullptr;
+    } else if(dsTexture) {
         WGPURenderPassDepthStencilAttachment depthStencil = {
             .view = static_cast<CCWGPUTexture *>(dsTexture)->gpuTextureObject()->selfView,
             .depthLoadOp = toWGPULoadOp(depthStencilConfig.depthLoadOp),
@@ -184,10 +173,7 @@ void CCWGPUCommandBuffer::beginRenderPass(RenderPass *renderPass, Framebuffer *f
         };
         depthStencils.emplace_back(depthStencil);
     } else {
-        if (depthStencilConfig.format == Format::UNKNOWN) {
-            renderPassDesc.depthStencilAttachment = nullptr;
-        } else {
-            WGPURenderPassDepthStencilAttachment depthStencil = {
+        WGPURenderPassDepthStencilAttachment depthStencil = {
                 .view = swapchain->gpuSwapchainObject()->swapchainDepthStencil->gpuTextureObject()->selfView,
                 .depthLoadOp = toWGPULoadOp(depthStencilConfig.depthLoadOp),
                 .depthStoreOp = toWGPUStoreOp(depthStencilConfig.depthStoreOp),
@@ -199,7 +185,6 @@ void CCWGPUCommandBuffer::beginRenderPass(RenderPass *renderPass, Framebuffer *f
                 .stencilReadOnly = false,
             };
             depthStencils.emplace_back(depthStencil);
-        }
     }
 
     setViewport({renderArea.x, renderArea.y, renderArea.width, renderArea.height, 0.0F, 1.0F});
@@ -225,7 +210,6 @@ void CCWGPUCommandBuffer::beginRenderPass(RenderPass *renderPass, Framebuffer *f
 } // namespace gfx
 
 void CCWGPUCommandBuffer::endRenderPass() {
-    //  printf("endr\n");
     wgpuRenderPassEncoderEnd(_gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuRenderPassEncoder);
     wgpuRenderPassEncoderRelease(_gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuRenderPassEncoder);
     _gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuRenderPassEncoder = wgpuDefaultHandle;
@@ -322,7 +306,6 @@ void CCWGPUCommandBuffer::bindStates() {
     if (!pipelineState) {
         return;
     }
-
     ccstd::set<uint8_t> setInUse;
 
     auto *pipelineLayout = static_cast<CCWGPUPipelineLayout *>(pipelineState->layout());
@@ -334,14 +317,28 @@ void CCWGPUCommandBuffer::bindStates() {
         const auto &descriptorSets = _gpuCommandBufferObj->stateCache.descriptorSets;
         for (size_t i = 0; i < setLayouts.size(); i++) {
             if (descriptorSets[i].descriptorSet) {
+                // optional: prune descriptor set for redundant resources
+                {
+                    auto *ccShader = static_cast<CCWGPUShader *>(pipelineState->getShader());
+                    const auto &bindingInshader = ccShader->gpuShaderObject()->bindings;
+                    if (bindingInshader.size() > i) {
+                        descriptorSets[i].descriptorSet->prune(bindingInshader[i]);
+                    } else {
+                        descriptorSets[i].descriptorSet->prune({});
+                    }
+                    descriptorSets[i].descriptorSet->forceUpdate();
+                }
+
                 descriptorSets[i].descriptorSet->prepare();
 
                 if (descriptorSets[i].descriptorSet->dynamicOffsetCount() != descriptorSets[i].dynamicOffsetCount) {
+                    std::string str = "force " + std::to_string(i);
+                    wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetLabel(_gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuRenderPassEncoder, str.c_str());
                     uint32_t *dynOffsets = dynamicOffsetBuffer;
-                    const Pairs &dynamicOffsets = descriptorSets[i].descriptorSet->dynamicOffsets();
+                    const auto &dynamicOffsets = descriptorSets[i].descriptorSet->dynamicOffsets();
                     uint32_t givenOffsetIndex = 0;
                     for (size_t j = 0; j < descriptorSets[i].descriptorSet->dynamicOffsetCount(); ++j) {
-                        if (j >= descriptorSets[i].dynamicOffsetCount || dynamicOffsets[j].second == 0) {
+                        if (j >= descriptorSets[i].dynamicOffsetCount) {
                             dynOffsets[j] = 0;
                         } else {
                             dynOffsets[j] = descriptorSets[i].dynamicOffsets[givenOffsetIndex++];
@@ -352,11 +349,9 @@ void CCWGPUCommandBuffer::bindStates() {
                                                       descriptorSets[i].descriptorSet->gpuBindGroupObject()->bindgroup,
                                                       descriptorSets[i].descriptorSet->dynamicOffsetCount(),
                                                       dynOffsets);
-                    setInUse.insert(i);
-                    if (setLayouts[i] != descriptorSets[i].descriptorSet->getLayout()) {
-                        pipelineLayoutChanged = true;
-                    }
                 } else {
+                    std::string str = "same " + std::to_string(i);
+                    wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetLabel(_gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuRenderPassEncoder, str.c_str());
                     wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetBindGroup(_gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuRenderPassEncoder,
                                                       i,
                                                       descriptorSets[i].descriptorSet->gpuBindGroupObject()->bindgroup,
@@ -364,32 +359,26 @@ void CCWGPUCommandBuffer::bindStates() {
                                                       descriptorSets[i].dynamicOffsets);
                 }
                 setInUse.insert(i);
+                pipelineLayoutChanged |= (setLayouts[i] != descriptorSets[i].descriptorSet->getLayout());
             } else {
                 // missing
+                std::string str = "missing " + std::to_string(i);
+                wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetLabel(_gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuRenderPassEncoder, str.c_str());
                 wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetBindGroup(_gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuRenderPassEncoder,
                                                   i,
                                                   static_cast<WGPUBindGroup>(CCWGPUDescriptorSet::defaultBindGroup()),
                                                   0,
                                                   nullptr);
+                pipelineLayoutChanged = true;
             }
         }
 
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < setLayouts.size(); i++) {
-            if (setInUse.find(i) == setInUse.end()) {
-                wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetBindGroup(_gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuRenderPassEncoder,
-                                                  i,
-                                                  static_cast<WGPUBindGroup>(CCWGPUDescriptorSet::defaultBindGroup()),
-                                                  0,
-                                                  nullptr);
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (1) {
+        if (pipelineLayoutChanged && setLayouts.size()) {
             ccstd::vector<DescriptorSet *> dsSets;
             for (size_t i = 0; i < setLayouts.size(); i++) {
                 dsSets.push_back(descriptorSets[i].descriptorSet);
             }
-            createPipelineLayoutFallback(dsSets, pipelineLayout);
+            createPipelineLayoutFallback(dsSets, pipelineLayout, false);
         } else {
             pipelineLayout->prepare(setInUse);
         }
@@ -444,6 +433,7 @@ void CCWGPUCommandBuffer::bindStates() {
 #endif
         const auto *indexBuffer = static_cast<CCWGPUBuffer *>(ia->getIndexBuffer());
         if (indexBuffer) {
+            CC_ASSERT(indexBuffer->getStride() >= 2);
             wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetIndexBuffer(_gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuRenderPassEncoder,
                                                 indexBuffer->gpuBufferObject()->wgpuBuffer,
                                                 indexBuffer->getStride() == 2 ? WGPUIndexFormat::WGPUIndexFormat_Uint16 : WGPUIndexFormat_Uint32,
@@ -487,17 +477,45 @@ void CCWGPUCommandBuffer::bindStates() {
         wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetStencilReference(_gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuRenderPassEncoder, pipelineState->getDepthStencilState().stencilRefFront);
     } else if (pipelineState->getBindPoint() == PipelineBindPoint::COMPUTE) {
         auto *pipelineState = _gpuCommandBufferObj->stateCache.pipelineState;
-
+        const auto &setLayouts = pipelineLayout->getSetLayouts();
         // bindgroup & descriptorset
         const auto &descriptorSets = _gpuCommandBufferObj->stateCache.descriptorSets;
+        bool pipelineLayoutChanged = false;
         for (size_t i = 0; i < descriptorSets.size(); i++) {
-            if (descriptorSets[i].descriptorSet->gpuBindGroupObject()->bindgroup) {
+            if (descriptorSets[i].descriptorSet) {
+                // optional: prune descriptor set for redundant resources
+                {
+                    auto *ccShader = static_cast<CCWGPUShader *>(pipelineState->getShader());
+                    const auto &bindingInshader = ccShader->gpuShaderObject()->bindings;
+                    if (bindingInshader.size() > i) {
+                        descriptorSets[i].descriptorSet->prune(bindingInshader[i]);
+                    } else {
+                        descriptorSets[i].descriptorSet->prune({});
+                    }
+                    descriptorSets[i].descriptorSet->forceUpdate();
+                }
+
+                descriptorSets[i].descriptorSet->prepare();
                 wgpuComputePassEncoderSetBindGroup(_gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuComputeEncoder,
                                                    i,
                                                    descriptorSets[i].descriptorSet->gpuBindGroupObject()->bindgroup,
                                                    descriptorSets[i].dynamicOffsetCount,
                                                    descriptorSets[i].dynamicOffsets);
+                pipelineLayoutChanged |= (setLayouts[i] != descriptorSets[i].descriptorSet->getLayout());
+                setInUse.insert(i);
+            } else {
+                pipelineLayoutChanged = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (pipelineLayoutChanged && setLayouts.size()) {
+            ccstd::vector<DescriptorSet *> dsSets;
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < setLayouts.size(); i++) {
+                dsSets.push_back(descriptorSets[i].descriptorSet);
             }
+            createPipelineLayoutFallback(dsSets, pipelineLayout, true);
+        } else {
+            pipelineLayout->prepare(setInUse);
         }
 
         pipelineState->prepare(setInUse);
@@ -777,6 +795,10 @@ void CCWGPUCommandBuffer::copyBuffersToTexture(const uint8_t *const *buffers, Te
     }
 }
 
+void CCWGPUCommandBuffer::copyTexture(Texture *srcTexture, Texture *dstTexture, const TextureCopy *regions, uint32_t count) {
+    // blitTexture(srcTexture, dstTexture, regions, count, Filter::POINT);
+}
+
 void CCWGPUCommandBuffer::blitTexture(Texture *srcTexture, Texture *dstTexture, const TextureBlit *regions, uint32_t count, Filter filter) {
     for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
         auto *srcTex = static_cast<CCWGPUTexture *>(srcTexture);
@@ -824,9 +846,11 @@ void CCWGPUCommandBuffer::execute(CommandBuffer *const * /*cmdBuffs*/, uint32_t
 
 void CCWGPUCommandBuffer::dispatch(const DispatchInfo &info) {
     WGPUComputePassDescriptor cmoputeDesc = {};
-    if (!_gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuComputeEncoder) {
-        _gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuComputeEncoder = wgpuCommandEncoderBeginComputePass(_gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuCommandEncoder, &cmoputeDesc);
-    }
+    // if (!_gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuComputeEncoder) {
+    _gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuComputeEncoder = wgpuCommandEncoderBeginComputePass(_gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuCommandEncoder, &cmoputeDesc);
+    // }
+
+    bindStates();
 
     if (info.indirectBuffer) {
         auto *indirectBuffer = static_cast<CCWGPUBuffer *>(info.indirectBuffer);
@@ -840,6 +864,8 @@ void CCWGPUCommandBuffer::dispatch(const DispatchInfo &info) {
                                                  info.groupCountY,
                                                  info.groupCountZ);
     }
+    wgpuComputePassEncoderEnd(_gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuComputeEncoder);
+    wgpuComputePassEncoderRelease(_gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuComputeEncoder);
 }
 
 void CCWGPUCommandBuffer::pipelineBarrier(const GeneralBarrier *barrier, const BufferBarrier *const *bufferBarriers, const Buffer *const *buffers, uint32_t bufferBarrierCount, const TextureBarrier *const *textureBarriers, const Texture *const *textures, uint32_t textureBarrierCount) {
@@ -850,6 +876,7 @@ void CCWGPUCommandBuffer::reset() {
     _gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuCommandEncoder = wgpuDefaultHandle;
     _gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuRenderPassEncoder = wgpuDefaultHandle;
     _gpuCommandBufferObj->wgpuComputeEncoder = wgpuDefaultHandle;
+    _gpuCommandBufferObj->computeCmdBuffs.clear();
 
     CCWGPUStateCache stateCache = {};
 }
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUCommandBuffer.h b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUCommandBuffer.h
index 345ba104f4c..d52ee6e23cd 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUCommandBuffer.h
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUCommandBuffer.h
@@ -68,8 +68,10 @@ class CCWGPUCommandBuffer final : public CommandBuffer {
     void execute(CommandBuffer *const *cmdBuffs, uint32_t count) override;
     void dispatch(const DispatchInfo &info) override;
     void pipelineBarrier(const GeneralBarrier *barrier, const BufferBarrier *const *bufferBarriers, const Buffer *const *buffers, uint32_t bufferBarrierCount, const TextureBarrier *const *textureBarriers, const Texture *const *textures, uint32_t textureBarrierCount) override;
+    void copyTexture(Texture *srcTexture, Texture *dstTexture, const TextureCopy *regions, uint32_t count) override;
 
     void updateIndirectBuffer(Buffer *buff, const DrawInfoList &info);
+    void resolveTexture(Texture *srcTexture, Texture *dstTexture, const TextureCopy *regions, uint32_t count) override{};
 
     // TODO_Zeqiang: wgpu query pool
     void beginQuery(QueryPool *queryPool, uint32_t id) override{};
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDescriptorSet.cpp b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDescriptorSet.cpp
index ced80b79159..72a79fdca36 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDescriptorSet.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDescriptorSet.cpp
@@ -65,107 +65,49 @@ void CCWGPUDescriptorSet::clearCache() {
 }
 
 void CCWGPUDescriptorSet::doInit(const DescriptorSetInfo &info) {
-    _gpuBindGroupObj = ccnew CCWGPUBindGroupObject;
+    _gpuBindGroupObj = ccnew CCWGPUBindGroupObject{};
+    _gpuDescriptorObj = ccnew CCWGPUGPUDescriptorSetObject{};
 
-    auto *dsLayout = static_cast<CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout *>(_layout);
-    CCWGPUBindGroupLayoutObject *layoutEntries = dsLayout->gpuLayoutEntryObject();
+    auto *tLayout = const_cast<DescriptorSetLayout *>(_layout);
+    auto *dsLayout = static_cast<CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout *>(tLayout);
     const auto &bindings = dsLayout->getBindings();
     CCWGPUDeviceObject *deviceObj = CCWGPUDevice::getInstance()->gpuDeviceObject();
     for (size_t i = 0; i < bindings.size(); i++) {
         // effect.ts: INPUT_ATTACHMENT as combined texture but no sampler_texture desc type.
         if (hasFlag(COMBINED_ST_IN_USE, bindings[i].descriptorType)) {
-            // 1. texture
-            CCWGPUTexture *texture = deviceObj->defaultResources.commonTexture;
-            WGPUBindGroupEntry texEntry = {
-                .binding = bindings[i].binding,
-                .textureView = texture->gpuTextureObject()->selfView,
-            };
-            _gpuBindGroupObj->bindGroupEntries.push_back(texEntry);
-            _textureIdxMap.insert(std::make_pair<uint8_t, uint8_t>(bindings[i].binding, _gpuBindGroupObj->bindGroupEntries.size() - 1));
-            dsLayout->updateTextureLayout(texEntry.binding, texture);
-
-            // 2. sampler
-            CCWGPUSampler *sampler = deviceObj->defaultResources.unfilterableSampler;
-            WGPUBindGroupEntry smpEntry = {
-                .binding = bindings[i].binding + CC_WGPU_MAX_ATTACHMENTS,
-                .sampler = sampler->gpuSampler(),
-            };
-            _gpuBindGroupObj->bindGroupEntries.push_back(smpEntry);
-            _samplerIdxMap.insert(std::make_pair<uint8_t, uint8_t>(bindings[i].binding, _gpuBindGroupObj->bindGroupEntries.size() - 1));
-            dsLayout->updateSamplerLayout(smpEntry.binding, sampler);
         } else if (hasFlag(DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_TYPE, bindings[i].descriptorType)) {
-            CCWGPUBuffer *buffer = hasFlag(DescriptorType::DYNAMIC_STORAGE_BUFFER | DescriptorType::STORAGE_BUFFER, bindings[i].descriptorType)
-                                       ? deviceObj->defaultResources.storageBuffer
-                                       : deviceObj->defaultResources.uniformBuffer;
-            WGPUBindGroupEntry bufferEntry = {
-                .binding = bindings[i].binding,
-                .buffer = buffer->gpuBufferObject()->wgpuBuffer,
-                .size = buffer->getSize(),
-                .offset = buffer->getOffset(),
-            };
-
             if (hasAnyFlags(bindings[i].descriptorType, DescriptorType::DYNAMIC_STORAGE_BUFFER | DescriptorType::DYNAMIC_UNIFORM_BUFFER)) {
-                _dynamicOffsets.push_back({bindings[i].binding, 0});
+                _dynamicOffsets.emplace(i, bindings[i].binding);
             }
-            _gpuBindGroupObj->bindGroupEntries.push_back(bufferEntry);
-        } else if (bindings[i].descriptorType == DescriptorType::STORAGE_IMAGE) {
-            CCWGPUTexture *texture = deviceObj->defaultResources.storageTexture;
-            WGPUBindGroupEntry texEntry = {
-                .binding = bindings[i].binding,
-                .textureView = texture->gpuTextureObject()->selfView,
-            };
-            _gpuBindGroupObj->bindGroupEntries.push_back(texEntry);
-            dsLayout->updateTextureLayout(texEntry.binding, texture);
-        } else if (bindings[i].descriptorType == DescriptorType::TEXTURE) {
-            CCWGPUTexture *texture = deviceObj->defaultResources.commonTexture;
-            WGPUBindGroupEntry texEntry = {
-                .binding = bindings[i].binding,
-                .textureView = texture->gpuTextureObject()->selfView,
-            };
-            _gpuBindGroupObj->bindGroupEntries.push_back(texEntry);
-            dsLayout->updateTextureLayout(texEntry.binding, texture);
-        } else if (bindings[i].descriptorType == DescriptorType::SAMPLER) {
-            CCWGPUSampler *sampler = deviceObj->defaultResources.unfilterableSampler;
-            WGPUBindGroupEntry smpEntry = {
-                .binding = bindings[i].binding,
-                .sampler = sampler->gpuSampler(),
-            };
-            _gpuBindGroupObj->bindGroupEntries.push_back(smpEntry);
-            dsLayout->updateSamplerLayout(smpEntry.binding, sampler);
-        } else {
-            WGPUBindGroupEntry texEntry = {
-                .binding = bindings[i].binding,
-            };
-            _gpuBindGroupObj->bindGroupEntries.push_back(texEntry);
         }
     }
 
+    _gpuDescriptorObj->gpuDescriptors.resize(bindings.size());
+    _gpuDescriptorObj->descriptorIndices = info.layout->getBindingIndices();
+
+    _bindingSatisfied = [](uint32_t) { return true; };
+
     (void)defaultBindGroup();
 }
 
 ccstd::hash_t CCWGPUDescriptorSet::hash() const {
-    ccstd::hash_t hash = 9527;
-    for (const auto &bufferWrapper : _buffers) {
-        auto *buffer = bufferWrapper.ptr;
-        if (buffer) {
-            auto *wgpuBuffer = static_cast<CCWGPUBuffer *>(buffer)->gpuBufferObject()->wgpuBuffer;
-            ccstd::hash_combine(hash, wgpuBuffer);
+    ccstd::hash_t hash = _gpuBindGroupObj->bindGroupEntries.size();
+
+    for (const auto &entry : _gpuBindGroupObj->bindGroupEntries) {
+        ccstd::hash_combine(hash, entry.binding);
+        if (entry.buffer) {
+            ccstd::hash_combine(hash, entry.buffer);
+            ccstd::hash_combine(hash, entry.offset);
+            ccstd::hash_combine(hash, entry.size);
         }
-    }
-    for (const auto &textureWrapper : _textures) {
-        auto *texture = textureWrapper.ptr;
-        if (texture) {
-            auto *wgpuTextureView = static_cast<CCWGPUTexture *>(texture)->gpuTextureObject()->selfView;
-            ccstd::hash_combine(hash, wgpuTextureView);
+        if (entry.sampler) {
+            ccstd::hash_combine(hash, entry.sampler);
         }
-    }
-    for (const auto &samplerWrapper : _samplers) {
-        auto *sampler = samplerWrapper.ptr;
-        if (sampler) {
-            auto *wgpuSampler = static_cast<CCWGPUSampler *>(sampler)->gpuSampler();
-            ccstd::hash_combine(hash, wgpuSampler);
+        if (entry.textureView) {
+            ccstd::hash_combine(hash, entry.textureView);
         }
     }
+
     return hash;
 }
 
@@ -174,74 +116,106 @@ void CCWGPUDescriptorSet::doDestroy() {
         delete _gpuBindGroupObj;
         _gpuBindGroupObj = nullptr;
     }
+    if (_gpuDescriptorObj) {
+        delete _gpuDescriptorObj;
+        _gpuDescriptorObj = nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+void CCWGPUDescriptorSet::setGpuDescriptors(DescriptorSet *set) {
+    auto *ccDesc = static_cast<CCWGPUDescriptorSet *>(set);
+    const auto &descs = ccDesc->gpuDescriptors();
+
+    auto *tLayout = const_cast<DescriptorSetLayout *>(_layout);
+    auto *dsLayout = static_cast<CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout *>(tLayout);
+    auto *srcTmpLayout = set->getLayout();
+
+    dsLayout->setBindings(srcTmpLayout->getBindings());
+    dsLayout->setBindingIndices(srcTmpLayout->getBindingIndices());
+    dsLayout->setDescriptorIndices(srcTmpLayout->getDescriptorIndices());
+
+    _gpuDescriptorObj->gpuDescriptors = descs.gpuDescriptors;
+    _gpuDescriptorObj->descriptorIndices = descs.descriptorIndices;
+
+    _buffers = ccDesc->_buffers;
+    _textures = ccDesc->_textures;
+    _samplers = ccDesc->_samplers;
+
+    _isDirty = true;
+}
+
+void CCWGPUDescriptorSet::prune(ccstd::vector<uint8_t> bindings) {
+    _gpuBindGroupObj->bindingInShader = std::set<uint8_t>(bindings.begin(), bindings.end());
+
+    _bindingSatisfied = [&](uint32_t binding) {
+        return (!_gpuBindGroupObj->bindingInShader.empty()) && (_gpuBindGroupObj->bindingInShader.find(binding) != _gpuBindGroupObj->bindingInShader.end());
+    };
 }
 
 void CCWGPUDescriptorSet::update() {
     if (!_isDirty) {
         return;
     }
-    auto *dsLayout = static_cast<CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout *>(_layout);
+    auto *tLayout = const_cast<DescriptorSetLayout *>(_layout);
+    auto *dsLayout = static_cast<CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout *>(tLayout);
     const auto &bindings = dsLayout->getBindings();
 
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < bindings.size(); i++) {
+    _gpuBindGroupObj->bindGroupEntries.clear();
+    _dynamicOffsetNum = 0;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < _gpuDescriptorObj->gpuDescriptors.size(); i++) {
+        if (!_bindingSatisfied(bindings[i].binding)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        _gpuDescriptorObj->gpuDescriptors[i].type = bindings[i].descriptorType;
         const auto &binding = bindings[i];
         uint8_t resourceIndex = _layout->getDescriptorIndices()[i];
         if (hasFlag(DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_TYPE, bindings[i].descriptorType)) {
-            if (_buffers[resourceIndex].ptr) {
-                auto *buffer = static_cast<CCWGPUBuffer *>(_buffers[resourceIndex].ptr);
-                auto &bindGroupEntry = _gpuBindGroupObj->bindGroupEntries[i];
-                buffer->check();
-                bindGroupEntry.binding = binding.binding;
-                bindGroupEntry.buffer = buffer->gpuBufferObject()->wgpuBuffer;
-                bindGroupEntry.offset = buffer->getOffset();
-                bindGroupEntry.size = buffer->getSize();
-                dsLayout->updateBufferLayout(bindGroupEntry.binding, buffer);
-                uint8_t bindIndex = binding.binding;
-                if (hasAnyFlags(binding.descriptorType, DescriptorType::DYNAMIC_STORAGE_BUFFER | DescriptorType::DYNAMIC_UNIFORM_BUFFER)) {
-                    auto iter = std::find_if(_dynamicOffsets.begin(), _dynamicOffsets.end(), [bindIndex](const std::pair<uint8_t, uint8_t> dynIndex) {
-                        return dynIndex.first == bindIndex;
-                    });
-                    // assert(iter != _dynamicOffsets.end()); //can't happen
-                    (*iter).second = 1;
-                }
+            auto *ccBuffer = _buffers[resourceIndex].ptr ? static_cast<CCWGPUBuffer *>(_buffers[resourceIndex].ptr) : CCWGPUBuffer::defaultUniformBuffer();
+            auto *buffer = static_cast<CCWGPUBuffer *>(ccBuffer);
+            auto &bindGroupEntry = _gpuBindGroupObj->bindGroupEntries.emplace_back();
+            buffer->check();
+            bindGroupEntry.binding = binding.binding;
+            bindGroupEntry.buffer = buffer->gpuBufferObject()->wgpuBuffer;
+            bindGroupEntry.offset = buffer->getOffset();
+            bindGroupEntry.size = buffer->getSize();
+            dsLayout->updateBufferLayout(i, buffer, _buffers[resourceIndex].flags);
+            uint8_t bindIndex = binding.binding;
+            if (hasAnyFlags(binding.descriptorType, DescriptorType::DYNAMIC_STORAGE_BUFFER | DescriptorType::DYNAMIC_UNIFORM_BUFFER)) {
+                _dynamicOffsets[i] = bindIndex;
+                _dynamicOffsetNum++;
             }
+
+            _gpuDescriptorObj->gpuDescriptors[i].buffer = ccBuffer;
         } else if (hasFlag(COMBINED_ST_IN_USE, bindings[i].descriptorType)) {
-            auto texIter = _textureIdxMap.find(binding.binding);
-            auto smpIter = _samplerIdxMap.find(binding.binding);
-            // assert((texIter != _textureIdxMap.end()) + (smpIter != _samplerIdxMap.end()) == 1);
-            uint8_t textureIdx = texIter != _textureIdxMap.end() ? texIter->second : 255;
-            uint8_t samplerIdx = smpIter != _samplerIdxMap.end() ? smpIter->second : 255;
-
-            if (textureIdx != 255 && _textures[resourceIndex].ptr) {
-                auto &bindGroupEntry = _gpuBindGroupObj->bindGroupEntries[textureIdx];
-                auto *texture = static_cast<CCWGPUTexture *>(_textures[resourceIndex].ptr);
-                bindGroupEntry.binding = binding.binding;
-                bindGroupEntry.textureView = texture->gpuTextureObject()->selfView;
-                dsLayout->updateTextureLayout(bindGroupEntry.binding, texture);
-                _gpuBindGroupObj->bindingSet.insert(binding.binding);
-            }
-            if (samplerIdx != 255 && _samplers[resourceIndex].ptr) {
-                auto &bindGroupEntry = _gpuBindGroupObj->bindGroupEntries[samplerIdx];
-                auto *sampler = static_cast<CCWGPUSampler *>(_samplers[resourceIndex].ptr);
-                bindGroupEntry.binding = binding.binding + CC_WGPU_MAX_ATTACHMENTS;
-                bindGroupEntry.sampler = sampler->gpuSampler();
-                dsLayout->updateSamplerLayout(bindGroupEntry.binding, sampler);
-                _gpuBindGroupObj->bindingSet.insert(binding.binding + CC_WGPU_MAX_ATTACHMENTS);
-            }
+            // printf("texture update %d %d %p\n", i, resourceIndex, _textures[resourceIndex].ptr);
+            auto *ccTexture = _textures[resourceIndex].ptr ? static_cast<CCWGPUTexture *>(_textures[resourceIndex].ptr) : CCWGPUTexture::defaultCommonTexture();
+            auto &bindGroupEntry = _gpuBindGroupObj->bindGroupEntries.emplace_back();
+            bindGroupEntry.binding = binding.binding;
+            bindGroupEntry.textureView = static_cast<WGPUTextureView>(ccTexture->getPlaneView(0));
+            dsLayout->updateTextureLayout(i, ccTexture);
+            _gpuDescriptorObj->gpuDescriptors[i].texture = ccTexture;
+
+            auto &sBindGroupEntry = _gpuBindGroupObj->bindGroupEntries.emplace_back();
+            auto *ccSampler = _samplers[resourceIndex].ptr ? static_cast<CCWGPUSampler *>(_samplers[resourceIndex].ptr) : CCWGPUSampler::defaultFilterableSampler();
+            sBindGroupEntry.binding = binding.binding + CC_WGPU_MAX_ATTACHMENTS;
+            sBindGroupEntry.sampler = ccSampler->gpuSampler();
+            dsLayout->updateSamplerLayout(i, ccSampler);
+            _gpuDescriptorObj->gpuDescriptors[i].sampler = ccSampler;
         } else if (DescriptorType::STORAGE_IMAGE == bindings[i].descriptorType || DescriptorType::TEXTURE == bindings[i].descriptorType) {
-            if (_textures[resourceIndex].ptr) {
-                auto &bindGroupEntry = _gpuBindGroupObj->bindGroupEntries[resourceIndex];
-                auto *texture = static_cast<CCWGPUTexture *>(_textures[resourceIndex].ptr);
-                bindGroupEntry.binding = binding.binding;
-                bindGroupEntry.textureView = texture->gpuTextureObject()->selfView;
-                dsLayout->updateTextureLayout(bindGroupEntry.binding, texture);
-            }
+            auto *ccTexture = _textures[resourceIndex].ptr ? static_cast<CCWGPUTexture *>(_textures[resourceIndex].ptr) : CCWGPUTexture::defaultCommonTexture();
+            auto &bindGroupEntry = _gpuBindGroupObj->bindGroupEntries[resourceIndex];
+            bindGroupEntry.binding = binding.binding;
+            bindGroupEntry.textureView = static_cast<WGPUTextureView>(ccTexture->getPlaneView(0));
+            dsLayout->updateTextureLayout(i, ccTexture);
+            _gpuDescriptorObj->gpuDescriptors[i].texture = ccTexture;
         } else if (DescriptorType::SAMPLER == bindings[i].descriptorType) {
+            auto *ccSampler = _samplers[resourceIndex].ptr ? static_cast<CCWGPUSampler *>(_samplers[resourceIndex].ptr) : CCWGPUSampler::defaultFilterableSampler();
             auto &bindGroupEntry = _gpuBindGroupObj->bindGroupEntries[resourceIndex];
-            auto *sampler = static_cast<CCWGPUSampler *>(_samplers[resourceIndex].ptr);
             bindGroupEntry.binding = binding.binding;
-            bindGroupEntry.sampler = sampler->gpuSampler();
-            dsLayout->updateSamplerLayout(bindGroupEntry.binding, sampler);
+            bindGroupEntry.sampler = ccSampler->gpuSampler();
+            dsLayout->updateSamplerLayout(i, ccSampler);
+            _gpuDescriptorObj->gpuDescriptors[i].sampler = ccSampler;
         } else {
             printf("*******unexpected binding type detected!\n");
         }
@@ -263,20 +237,15 @@ void CCWGPUDescriptorSet::prepare() {
         update();
     }
 
-    const auto &entries = _gpuBindGroupObj->bindGroupEntries;
-
     if (_isDirty || forceUpdate || !_gpuBindGroupObj->bindgroup) {
-        auto *dsLayout = static_cast<CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout *>(_layout);
-        dsLayout->prepare(_gpuBindGroupObj->bindingSet, forceUpdate);
-
-        // ccstd::vector<WGPUBindGroupEntry> bindGroupEntries;
-        // bindGroupEntries.assign(_gpuBindGroupObj->bindGroupEntries.begin(), _gpuBindGroupObj->bindGroupEntries.end());
-        // bindGroupEntries.erase(std::remove_if(
-        //                            bindGroupEntries.begin(), bindGroupEntries.end(), [this, &bindGroupEntries](const WGPUBindGroupEntry &entry) {
-        //                                return _gpuBindGroupObj->bindingSet.find(entry.binding) == _gpuBindGroupObj->bindingSet.end();
-        //                            }),
-        //                        bindGroupEntries.end());
-        if (entries.empty()) {
+        // TODDO(Zeqiang): no const cast
+        auto *tLayout = const_cast<DescriptorSetLayout *>(_layout);
+        auto *dsLayout = static_cast<CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout *>(tLayout);
+
+        dsLayout->prepare(_gpuBindGroupObj->bindingInShader, forceUpdate);
+
+        const auto &entries = _gpuBindGroupObj->bindGroupEntries;
+        if (_gpuBindGroupObj->bindingInShader.empty()) {
             _gpuBindGroupObj->bindgroup = dftBindGroup;
             _bornHash = 0;
         } else {
@@ -286,9 +255,7 @@ void CCWGPUDescriptorSet::prepare() {
                 // layout might be changed later.
                 _bornHash = dsLayout->getHash();
                 CCWGPUDeviceObject *deviceObj = CCWGPUDevice::getInstance()->gpuDeviceObject();
-                // if (_gpuBindGroupObj->bindgroup && _gpuBindGroupObj->bindgroup != dftBindGroup) {
-                //     wgpuBindGroupRelease(_gpuBindGroupObj->bindgroup);
-                // }
+
                 label = std::to_string(_bornHash);
                 WGPUBindGroupDescriptor bindGroupDesc = {
                     .nextInChain = nullptr,
@@ -299,7 +266,6 @@ void CCWGPUDescriptorSet::prepare() {
                 };
 
                 _gpuBindGroupObj->bindgroup = wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroup(CCWGPUDevice::getInstance()->gpuDeviceObject()->wgpuDevice, &bindGroupDesc);
-                // printf("create new bg\n");
 
                 _isDirty = false;
                 if (buffIter != _buffers.end())
@@ -318,14 +284,13 @@ void CCWGPUDescriptorSet::prepare() {
             } else {
                 _gpuBindGroupObj->bindgroup = static_cast<WGPUBindGroup>(iter->second.bindGroup);
                 _bornHash = iter->second.bornHash;
-                // printf("reuse bg\n");
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
 uint8_t CCWGPUDescriptorSet::dynamicOffsetCount() const {
-    return _dynamicOffsets.size();
+    return _dynamicOffsetNum;
 }
 
 void *CCWGPUDescriptorSet::defaultBindGroup() {
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDescriptorSet.h b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDescriptorSet.h
index 9c370f61ac0..6d4232babb8 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDescriptorSet.h
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDescriptorSet.h
@@ -34,7 +34,19 @@ namespace gfx {
 
 struct CCWGPUBindGroupObject;
 
-using Pairs = ccstd::vector<std::pair<uint8_t, uint8_t>>;
+struct WGPUGPUDescriptor {
+    DescriptorType type = DescriptorType::UNKNOWN;
+    Buffer *buffer = nullptr;
+    Texture *texture = nullptr;
+    Sampler *sampler = nullptr;
+};
+using CCWGPUGPUDescriptorList = ccstd::vector<WGPUGPUDescriptor>;
+
+// web interface
+struct CCWGPUGPUDescriptorSetObject {
+    CCWGPUGPUDescriptorList gpuDescriptors;
+    ccstd::vector<uint32_t> descriptorIndices;
+};
 
 class CCWGPUDescriptorSet final : public DescriptorSet {
 public:
@@ -42,34 +54,42 @@ class CCWGPUDescriptorSet final : public DescriptorSet {
     ~CCWGPUDescriptorSet();
 
     inline CCWGPUBindGroupObject *gpuBindGroupObject() { return _gpuBindGroupObj; }
-    inline Pairs &dynamicOffsets() { return _dynamicOffsets; }
+    inline const std::map<uint8_t, uint8_t> &dynamicOffsets() { return _dynamicOffsets; }
 
     void update() override;
-    void forceUpdate() override{};
+    void forceUpdate() override {
+        _isDirty = true;
+        update();
+    };
+
+    void prune(ccstd::vector<uint8_t> bindings);
     uint8_t dynamicOffsetCount() const;
     void prepare();
-    ccstd::hash_t getHash() { return _bornHash; };
+    ccstd::hash_t getHash() { return _bornHash; }
 
     static void *defaultBindGroup();
     static void clearCache();
 
     std::string label;
 
+    inline void setLayout(const DescriptorSetLayout *layout) { _layout = layout; }
+
+    inline const CCWGPUGPUDescriptorSetObject gpuDescriptors() const { return *_gpuDescriptorObj; }
+    void setGpuDescriptors(DescriptorSet *set);
+
 protected:
     void doInit(const DescriptorSetInfo &info) override;
     void doDestroy() override;
     ccstd::hash_t hash() const;
 
     CCWGPUBindGroupObject *_gpuBindGroupObj = nullptr;
-
-    // seperate combined sampler-texture index
-    ccstd::unordered_map<uint8_t, uint8_t> _textureIdxMap;
-    ccstd::unordered_map<uint8_t, uint8_t> _samplerIdxMap;
-
+    CCWGPUGPUDescriptorSetObject *_gpuDescriptorObj = nullptr;
     // dynamic offsets, inuse ? 1 : 0;
-    Pairs _dynamicOffsets;
+    std::map<uint8_t, uint8_t> _dynamicOffsets;
+    uint32_t _dynamicOffsetNum{0};
     ccstd::hash_t _hash{0};
     ccstd::hash_t _bornHash{0}; // hash when created, this relate to reuse bindgroup layout
+    std::function<bool(uint32_t)> _bindingSatisfied;
 };
 
 } // namespace gfx
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDescriptorSetLayout.cpp b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDescriptorSetLayout.cpp
index 432b1ad9ef7..2708ecca1cc 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDescriptorSetLayout.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDescriptorSetLayout.cpp
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 #include "WGPUSampler.h"
 #include "WGPUTexture.h"
 #include "WGPUUtils.h"
+#include "base/Assertf.h"
 
 namespace cc {
 namespace gfx {
@@ -40,174 +41,8 @@ namespace {
 WGPUBindGroupLayout dftBindgroupLayout = wgpuDefaultHandle;
 
 ccstd::unordered_map<ccstd::hash_t, WGPUBindGroupLayout> layoutPool;
-} // namespace
-
-using namespace emscripten;
-
-CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout::CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout() : DescriptorSetLayout() {
-}
-
-CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout::~CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout() {
-    doDestroy();
-}
-
-void CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout::doInit(const DescriptorSetLayoutInfo &info) {
-    _gpuLayoutEntryObj = ccnew CCWGPUBindGroupLayoutObject;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < _bindings.size(); i++) {
-        if (_bindings[i].descriptorType == DescriptorType::UNKNOWN)
-            continue;
-        if (hasFlag(COMBINED_ST_IN_USE, _bindings[i].descriptorType)) {
-            // 1. texture
-            WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry textureLayout = {
-                .nextInChain = nullptr,
-                .binding = _bindings[i].binding,
-                .visibility = toWGPUShaderStageFlag(_bindings[i].stageFlags),
-                .texture.sampleType = WGPUTextureSampleType_Float,
-                .texture.viewDimension = WGPUTextureViewDimension_2D,
-            };
-            _gpuLayoutEntryObj->bindGroupLayoutEntries.push_back(textureLayout);
-
-            // 2. sampler
-            WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry samplerLayout = {
-                .nextInChain = nullptr,
-                .binding = _bindings[i].binding + CC_WGPU_MAX_ATTACHMENTS,
-                .visibility = toWGPUShaderStageFlag(_bindings[i].stageFlags),
-                .sampler.type = WGPUSamplerBindingType_NonFiltering,
-            };
-            _gpuLayoutEntryObj->bindGroupLayoutEntries.push_back(samplerLayout);
-        } else if (hasFlag(DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_TYPE, _bindings[i].descriptorType)) {
-            bool hasDynamicOffset = hasAnyFlags(_bindings[i].descriptorType, DescriptorType::DYNAMIC_STORAGE_BUFFER | DescriptorType::DYNAMIC_UNIFORM_BUFFER);
-            _dynamicOffsetCount += (hasDynamicOffset);
-            if (hasFlag(_bindings[i].descriptorType, DescriptorType::STORAGE_BUFFER | DescriptorType::DYNAMIC_STORAGE_BUFFER)) {
-                WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry layout = {
-                    .nextInChain = nullptr,
-                    .binding = _bindings[i].binding,
-                    .visibility = toWGPUShaderStageFlag(_bindings[i].stageFlags),
-                    .buffer = {nullptr, WGPUBufferBindingType::WGPUBufferBindingType_Storage, hasDynamicOffset, 0},
-                };
-                _gpuLayoutEntryObj->bindGroupLayoutEntries.push_back(layout);
-            } else if (hasFlag(_bindings[i].descriptorType, DescriptorType::UNIFORM_BUFFER | DescriptorType::DYNAMIC_UNIFORM_BUFFER)) {
-                WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry layout = {
-                    .nextInChain = nullptr,
-                    .binding = _bindings[i].binding,
-                    .visibility = toWGPUShaderStageFlag(_bindings[i].stageFlags),
-                    .buffer = {nullptr, WGPUBufferBindingType::WGPUBufferBindingType_Uniform, hasDynamicOffset, 0},
-                };
-                _gpuLayoutEntryObj->bindGroupLayoutEntries.push_back(layout);
-            } else {
-                printf("unsupport buffer descriptor type.");
-            }
-        } else if (_bindings[i].descriptorType == DescriptorType::SAMPLER) {
-            WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry layout = {
-                .nextInChain = nullptr,
-                .binding = _bindings[i].binding,
-                .visibility = toWGPUShaderStageFlag(_bindings[i].stageFlags),
-                .sampler = {nullptr, WGPUSamplerBindingType::WGPUSamplerBindingType_NonFiltering},
-            };
-            _gpuLayoutEntryObj->bindGroupLayoutEntries.push_back(layout);
-        } else if (_bindings[i].descriptorType == DescriptorType::STORAGE_IMAGE) {
-            WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry layout = {
-                .nextInChain = nullptr,
-                .binding = _bindings[i].binding,
-                .visibility = toWGPUShaderStageFlag(_bindings[i].stageFlags),
-                .storageTexture = {
-                    nullptr,
-                    WGPUStorageTextureAccess::WGPUStorageTextureAccess_WriteOnly,
-                    WGPUTextureFormat::WGPUTextureFormat_RGBA8Unorm,
-                    WGPUTextureViewDimension::WGPUTextureViewDimension_2D,
-                },
-            };
-            _gpuLayoutEntryObj->bindGroupLayoutEntries.push_back(layout);
-        } else {
-            WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry layout = {
-                .nextInChain = nullptr,
-                .binding = _bindings[i].binding,
-                .visibility = toWGPUShaderStageFlag(_bindings[i].stageFlags),
-            };
-            _gpuLayoutEntryObj->bindGroupLayoutEntries.push_back(layout);
-        }
-    }
-
-    (void)defaultBindGroupLayout();
-
-    _hash = hash();
-}
-
-void CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout::updateBufferLayout(uint8_t binding, const CCWGPUBuffer *buffer) {
-    // auto iter = std::find_if(_gpuLayoutEntryObj->bindGroupLayoutEntries.begin(), _gpuLayoutEntryObj->bindGroupLayoutEntries.end(), [binding](const WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry &entry) {
-    //     return entry.binding == binding;
-    // });
-
-    // if (iter != _gpuLayoutEntryObj->bindGroupLayoutEntries.end()) {
-    //     auto bindingIter = std::find_if(_bindings.begin(), _bindings.end(), [binding](const auto &binding) {
-    //         return binding.binding == binding;
-    //     });
-    // }
 
-    // _internalChanged = true;
-}
-
-void CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout::updateTextureLayout(uint8_t binding, const CCWGPUTexture *texture) {
-    auto iter = std::find_if(_gpuLayoutEntryObj->bindGroupLayoutEntries.begin(), _gpuLayoutEntryObj->bindGroupLayoutEntries.end(), [binding](const WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry &entry) {
-        return entry.binding == binding;
-    });
-
-    if (iter != _gpuLayoutEntryObj->bindGroupLayoutEntries.end()) {
-        auto bindingIter = std::find_if(_bindings.begin(), _bindings.end(), [binding](const auto &bindingElem) {
-            return bindingElem.binding == binding;
-        });
-        if (texture) {
-            if (texture->getInfo().usage == TextureUsageBit::STORAGE) {
-                (*iter).storageTexture.nextInChain = nullptr;
-                (*iter).storageTexture.access = WGPUStorageTextureAccess::WGPUStorageTextureAccess_WriteOnly;
-                (*iter).storageTexture.format = toWGPUTextureFormat(texture->getFormat());
-                TextureType type = texture->isTextureView() ? texture->getViewInfo().type : texture->getInfo().type;
-                (*iter).storageTexture.viewDimension = toWGPUTextureViewDimension(type);
-            } else {
-                (*iter).texture.nextInChain = nullptr;
-                (*iter).texture.sampleType = textureSampleTypeTrait(texture->getFormat());
-                const CCWGPUTexture *ccTex = static_cast<const CCWGPUTexture *>(texture->isTextureView() ? texture->getViewInfo().texture : texture);
-                TextureType type = ccTex->getViewInfo().type;
-                (*iter).texture.viewDimension = toWGPUTextureViewDimension(type);
-                (*iter).texture.multisampled = ccTex->getInfo().samples != SampleCount::X1;
-            }
-        } else {
-            (*iter).texture.nextInChain = nullptr;
-            (*iter).texture.sampleType = WGPUTextureSampleType::WGPUTextureSampleType_Float;
-            (*iter).texture.viewDimension = WGPUTextureViewDimension::WGPUTextureViewDimension_2D;
-            (*iter).texture.multisampled = false;
-        }
-        _internalChanged = true;
-    }
-}
-
-void CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout::updateSamplerLayout(uint8_t binding, const CCWGPUSampler *sampler) {
-    auto iter = std::find_if(_gpuLayoutEntryObj->bindGroupLayoutEntries.begin(), _gpuLayoutEntryObj->bindGroupLayoutEntries.end(), [binding](const WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry &entry) {
-        return entry.binding == binding;
-    });
-
-    if (iter != _gpuLayoutEntryObj->bindGroupLayoutEntries.end()) {
-        auto bindingIter = std::find_if(_bindings.begin(), _bindings.end(), [binding](const auto &bindingElem) {
-            return bindingElem.binding == binding;
-        });
-        if (sampler) {
-            const SamplerInfo &info = sampler->getInfo();
-            if ((info.minFilter == Filter::POINT || info.minFilter == Filter::NONE) &&
-                (info.magFilter == Filter::POINT || info.magFilter == Filter::NONE) &&
-                (info.mipFilter == Filter::POINT || info.mipFilter == Filter::NONE)) {
-                (*iter).sampler.type = WGPUSamplerBindingType::WGPUSamplerBindingType_NonFiltering;
-            } else {
-                (*iter).sampler.type = WGPUSamplerBindingType::WGPUSamplerBindingType_Filtering;
-            }
-        } else {
-            (*iter).sampler.type = WGPUSamplerBindingType::WGPUSamplerBindingType_NonFiltering;
-        }
-        _internalChanged = true;
-    }
-}
-
-ccstd::hash_t CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout::hash() const {
-    const auto &entries = _gpuLayoutEntryObj->bindGroupLayoutEntries;
+ccstd::hash_t hash(const ccstd::vector<WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry> &entries) {
     ccstd::hash_t hash = 9527;
     ccstd::hash_combine(hash, entries.size());
     for (size_t i = 0; i < entries.size(); i++) {
@@ -236,12 +71,118 @@ ccstd::hash_t CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout::hash() const {
     return hash;
 }
 
+bool checkInUse(uint8_t binding, const ccstd::set<uint8_t> &bindingInUse, bool samplerBinding) {
+    bool res = bindingInUse.find(binding) != bindingInUse.end();
+    if (!res && samplerBinding) {
+        res |= bindingInUse.find(binding - CC_WGPU_MAX_ATTACHMENTS) != bindingInUse.end();
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+using namespace emscripten;
+
+CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout::CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout() : DescriptorSetLayout() {
+}
+
+CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout::~CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout() {
+    doDestroy();
+}
+
+void CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout::doInit(const DescriptorSetLayoutInfo &info) {
+    _gpuLayoutEntryObj = ccnew CCWGPUBindGroupLayoutObject;
+    (void)defaultBindGroupLayout();
+}
+
+void CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout::updateBufferLayout(uint8_t index, const CCWGPUBuffer *buffer, AccessFlags flags) {
+    WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry bufferEntry{};
+    bufferEntry.binding = _bindings[index].binding;
+    bufferEntry.visibility = toWGPUShaderStageFlag(_bindings[index].stageFlags);
+
+    CC_ASSERT(buffer);
+
+    WGPUBufferBindingLayout bufferLayout{};
+    bool storageFlag = hasFlag(_bindings[index].descriptorType, DescriptorType::STORAGE_BUFFER | DescriptorType::DYNAMIC_STORAGE_BUFFER);
+    if (storageFlag) {
+        bufferLayout.type = flags > AccessFlagBit::PRESENT ? WGPUBufferBindingType_Storage : WGPUBufferBindingType_ReadOnlyStorage;
+    } else {
+        bufferLayout.type = WGPUBufferBindingType_Uniform;
+    }
+    bufferLayout.hasDynamicOffset = hasAnyFlags(_bindings[index].descriptorType, DescriptorType::DYNAMIC_STORAGE_BUFFER | DescriptorType::DYNAMIC_UNIFORM_BUFFER);
+
+    bufferEntry.buffer = bufferLayout;
+    _gpuLayoutEntryObj->bindGroupLayoutEntries[bufferEntry.binding] = bufferEntry;
+}
+
+namespace {
+WGPUTextureFormat formatTraits(const CCWGPUTexture *texture, uint32_t plane) {
+    if (texture->getFormat() == Format::DEPTH_STENCIL) {
+        return plane ? WGPUTextureFormat_Stencil8 : WGPUTextureFormat_Depth24Plus;
+    }
+    return toWGPUTextureFormat(texture->getFormat());
+}
+
+WGPUTextureSampleType sampletypeTraits(const CCWGPUTexture *texture, uint32_t plane) {
+    if (texture->getFormat() == Format::DEPTH_STENCIL) {
+        return plane ? WGPUTextureSampleType_Uint : WGPUTextureSampleType_UnfilterableFloat;
+    }
+    return textureSampleTypeTrait(texture->getFormat());
+}
+} // namespace
+
+void CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout::updateTextureLayout(uint8_t index, const CCWGPUTexture *texture, uint32_t plane) {
+    WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry textureEntry{};
+    textureEntry.binding = _bindings[index].binding;
+    textureEntry.visibility = toWGPUShaderStageFlag(_bindings[index].stageFlags);
+
+    CC_ASSERT(texture);
+
+    if (texture->getInfo().usage == TextureUsageBit::STORAGE) {
+        WGPUStorageTextureBindingLayout storageTextureLayout{};
+        storageTextureLayout.access = WGPUStorageTextureAccess::WGPUStorageTextureAccess_WriteOnly;
+        storageTextureLayout.format = formatTraits(texture, plane);
+        TextureType type = texture->isTextureView() ? texture->getViewInfo().type : texture->getInfo().type;
+        storageTextureLayout.viewDimension = toWGPUTextureViewDimension(type);
+        textureEntry.storageTexture = storageTextureLayout;
+    } else {
+        WGPUTextureBindingLayout textureLayout{};
+        textureLayout.sampleType = sampletypeTraits(texture, plane); // textureSampleTypeTrait(texture->getFormat());
+        const CCWGPUTexture *ccTex = static_cast<const CCWGPUTexture *>(texture->isTextureView() ? texture->getViewInfo().texture : texture);
+        TextureType type = ccTex->getViewInfo().type;
+        textureLayout.viewDimension = toWGPUTextureViewDimension(type);
+        textureLayout.multisampled = ccTex->getInfo().samples != SampleCount::X1;
+        textureEntry.texture = textureLayout;
+    }
+    _gpuLayoutEntryObj->bindGroupLayoutEntries[textureEntry.binding] = textureEntry;
+}
+
+void CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout::updateSamplerLayout(uint8_t index, const CCWGPUSampler *sampler) {
+    WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry samplerEntry{};
+    samplerEntry.binding = _bindings[index].binding + CC_WGPU_MAX_ATTACHMENTS;
+    samplerEntry.visibility = toWGPUShaderStageFlag(_bindings[index].stageFlags);
+
+    CC_ASSERT(sampler);
+
+    WGPUSamplerBindingLayout samplerLayout{};
+    const SamplerInfo &info = sampler->getInfo();
+    if ((info.minFilter == Filter::POINT || info.minFilter == Filter::NONE) &&
+        (info.magFilter == Filter::POINT || info.magFilter == Filter::NONE) &&
+        (info.mipFilter == Filter::POINT || info.mipFilter == Filter::NONE)) {
+        samplerLayout.type = WGPUSamplerBindingType::WGPUSamplerBindingType_NonFiltering;
+    } else {
+        samplerLayout.type = WGPUSamplerBindingType::WGPUSamplerBindingType_Filtering;
+    }
+    samplerEntry.sampler = samplerLayout;
+
+    _gpuLayoutEntryObj->bindGroupLayoutEntries[samplerEntry.binding] = samplerEntry;
+}
+
 void CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout::print() const {
     size_t hashVal = _hash;
     printf("\npr this %p %p %zu\n", _gpuLayoutEntryObj, this, hashVal);
     const auto &entries = _gpuLayoutEntryObj->bindGroupLayoutEntries;
-    for (size_t j = 0; j < entries.size(); j++) {
-        const auto &entry = entries[j];
+    for (const auto &[bd, entry] : entries) {
         if ((entry.buffer.type != WGPUBufferBindingType_Undefined) +
                 (entry.sampler.type != WGPUSamplerBindingType_Undefined) +
                 (entry.texture.sampleType != WGPUTextureSampleType_Undefined) +
@@ -249,7 +190,7 @@ void CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout::print() const {
             1) {
             printf("******missing %d, %d, %d, %d, %d\n", entry.binding, entry.buffer.type, entry.sampler.type, entry.texture.sampleType, entry.storageTexture.access);
         }
-        printf("%d, %d\n", entry.binding, entry.visibility);
+        printf("%d, %d, %d\n", entry.binding, entry.visibility, entries.size());
         if (entry.buffer.type != WGPUBufferBindingType_Undefined) {
             printf("b %d %d %d\n", entry.buffer.type, entry.buffer.hasDynamicOffset ? 1 : 0, entry.buffer.minBindingSize);
         }
@@ -266,44 +207,28 @@ void CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout::print() const {
 }
 
 void CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout::prepare(ccstd::set<uint8_t> &bindingInUse, bool forceUpdate) {
-    // if (_gpuLayoutEntryObj->bindGroupLayout && !forceUpdate) {
-    //     return;
-    // }
-    // ccstd::vector<WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry> bindGroupLayoutEntries;
-    // bindGroupLayoutEntries.assign(_gpuLayoutEntryObj->bindGroupLayoutEntries.begin(), _gpuLayoutEntryObj->bindGroupLayoutEntries.end());
-    // bindGroupLayoutEntries.erase(std::remove_if(
-    //                                  bindGroupLayoutEntries.begin(), bindGroupLayoutEntries.end(), [&bindingInUse, &bindGroupLayoutEntries](const WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry &entry) {
-    //                                      return bindingInUse.find(entry.binding) == bindingInUse.end();
-    //                                  }),
-    //                              bindGroupLayoutEntries.end());
-
-    _hash = hash();
+    ccstd::vector<WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry> bindGroupLayoutEntries{};
+    bindGroupLayoutEntries.reserve(_gpuLayoutEntryObj->bindGroupLayoutEntries.size());
+    for (const auto &[bd, layoutEntry] : _gpuLayoutEntryObj->bindGroupLayoutEntries) {
+        if(checkInUse(static_cast<uint8_t>(bd), bindingInUse, layoutEntry.sampler.type != WGPUSamplerBindingType_Undefined)) {
+            bindGroupLayoutEntries.emplace_back(layoutEntry);
+        }
+    }
+
+    _hash = hash(bindGroupLayoutEntries);
     auto iter = layoutPool.find(_hash);
-    // printf("dsl upd %zu\n", _hash);
     if (iter != layoutPool.end()) {
         _gpuLayoutEntryObj->bindGroupLayout = iter->second;
         return;
     }
-    const auto &entries = _gpuLayoutEntryObj->bindGroupLayoutEntries;
-
-    // for (size_t j = 0; j < entries.size(); j++) {
-    //     const auto& entry = entries[j];
-    //     if ((entry.buffer.type != WGPUBufferBindingType_Undefined) +
-    //             (entry.sampler.type != WGPUSamplerBindingType_Undefined) +
-    //             (entry.texture.sampleType != WGPUTextureSampleType_Undefined) +
-    //             (entry.storageTexture.access != WGPUStorageTextureAccess_Undefined) !=
-    //         1) {
-    //         printf("******missing %d, %d, %d, %d, %d\n", entry.binding, entry.buffer.type, entry.sampler.type, entry.texture.sampleType, entry.storageTexture.access);
-    //     }
-    //     // printf("l binding, b, t, s  %d, %d, %d, %d, %d\n", entry.binding, entry.buffer.type, entry.sampler.type, entry.texture.sampleType, entry.storageTexture.access);
-    // }
 
+    const auto &entries = bindGroupLayoutEntries;
     if (entries.empty()) {
         _gpuLayoutEntryObj->bindGroupLayout = dftBindgroupLayout;
     } else {
         WGPUBindGroupLayoutDescriptor descriptor = {
             .nextInChain = nullptr,
-            .label = std::to_string(_hash).c_str(),
+            .label = "",//std::to_string(_hash).c_str(),
             .entryCount = entries.size(),
             .entries = entries.data(),
         };
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDescriptorSetLayout.h b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDescriptorSetLayout.h
index 00db97bacbd..2af10719649 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDescriptorSetLayout.h
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDescriptorSetLayout.h
@@ -44,13 +44,15 @@ class CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout final : public DescriptorSetLayout {
 
     inline CCWGPUBindGroupLayoutObject *gpuLayoutEntryObject() { return _gpuLayoutEntryObj; }
 
-    void updateBufferLayout(uint8_t binding, const CCWGPUBuffer *buffer);
-    void updateTextureLayout(uint8_t binding, const CCWGPUTexture *texture);
-    void updateSamplerLayout(uint8_t binding, const CCWGPUSampler *sampler);
+    void updateBufferLayout(uint8_t index, const CCWGPUBuffer *buffer, AccessFlags flags);
+    void updateTextureLayout(uint8_t index, const CCWGPUTexture *texture, uint32_t plane = 0);
+    void updateSamplerLayout(uint8_t index, const CCWGPUSampler *sampler);
 
-    void prepare(ccstd::set<uint8_t> &bindingInUse, bool forceUpdate = false);
+    inline void setBindings(const DescriptorSetLayoutBindingList &list) { _bindings.assign(list.begin(), list.end()); }
+    inline void setBindingIndices(const ccstd::vector<uint32_t> &list) { _bindingIndices.assign(list.begin(), list.end()); }
+    inline void setDescriptorIndices(const ccstd::vector<uint32_t> &indices) { _descriptorIndices.assign(indices.begin(), indices.end()); }
 
-    inline uint8_t dynamicOffsetCount() { return _dynamicOffsetCount; }
+    void prepare(ccstd::set<uint8_t> &bindingInUse, bool forceUpdate = false);
 
     static void *defaultBindGroupLayout();
     static void *getBindGroupLayoutByHash(ccstd::hash_t hash);
@@ -65,13 +67,9 @@ class CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout final : public DescriptorSetLayout {
     void doInit(const DescriptorSetLayoutInfo &info) override;
     void doDestroy() override;
 
-    ccstd::hash_t hash() const;
     ccstd::hash_t _hash{0};
-    bool _internalChanged{false};
 
     CCWGPUBindGroupLayoutObject *_gpuLayoutEntryObj = nullptr;
-
-    uint8_t _dynamicOffsetCount = 0;
 };
 
 } // namespace gfx
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDevice.cpp b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDevice.cpp
index 0735a14e7d7..f824acbbbc9 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDevice.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDevice.cpp
@@ -132,8 +132,7 @@ bool CCWGPUDevice::doInit(const DeviceInfo &info) {
         .type = CommandBufferType::PRIMARY,
     };
     _cmdBuff = this->Device::createCommandBuffer(cmdInfo);
-    // Sept 6th 2022: not implemented by emscripten
-    // _gpuDeviceObj->instance.wgpuInstance = wgpuCreateInstance({});
+    _gpuDeviceObj->instance.wgpuInstance = wgpuCreateInstance({});
 
 #ifdef CC_WGPU_WASM
     WGPUSurfaceDescriptorFromCanvasHTMLSelector canvDesc = {};
@@ -142,7 +141,7 @@ bool CCWGPUDevice::doInit(const DeviceInfo &info) {
 
     WGPUSurfaceDescriptor surfDesc = {};
     surfDesc.nextInChain = reinterpret_cast<WGPUChainedStruct *>(&canvDesc);
-    _gpuDeviceObj->instance.wgpuSurface = wgpuInstanceCreateSurface(nullptr, &surfDesc);
+    _gpuDeviceObj->instance.wgpuSurface = wgpuInstanceCreateSurface(_gpuDeviceObj->instance.wgpuInstance, &surfDesc);
 
 #elif defined(CC_WGPU_DAWN)
     _gpuDeviceObj->instance.wgpuInstance = wgpuCreateInstance({});
@@ -486,7 +485,7 @@ void CCWGPUDevice::debug() {
 }
 
 void CCWGPUDevice::initConfigs() {
-    WGPUAdapterProperties props;
+    WGPUAdapterProperties props{};
     wgpuAdapterGetProperties(_gpuDeviceObj->instance.wgpuAdapter, &props);
     // _deviceName = props.name;
     // _vendor = props.driverDescription;
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDevice.h b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDevice.h
index ad99398ae6d..e0691df45f6 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDevice.h
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDevice.h
@@ -91,6 +91,8 @@ class CCWGPUDevice final : public Device {
     using Device::getSampler;
     using Device::initialize;
 
+    void frameSync() override {};
+
     Shader *createShader(const ShaderInfo &, const std::vector<std::vector<uint32_t>> &);
 
     void copyBuffersToTexture(const std::vector<std::vector<uint8_t>> &buffers, Texture *dst, const std::vector<BufferTextureCopy> &regions) {
@@ -117,7 +119,6 @@ class CCWGPUDevice final : public Device {
     EXPORT_EMS(
         void copyTextureToBuffers(Texture *src, const emscripten::val &buffers, const emscripten::val &regions);
         emscripten::val copyTextureToBuffers(Texture * src, const BufferTextureCopyList &regions);
-        Shader * createShader(const ShaderInfo &info, const emscripten::val &spirvVal);
         void copyBuffersToTexture(const emscripten::val &v, Texture *dst, const std::vector<BufferTextureCopy> &regions);)
 
     void initFeatures();
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUEMSImpl.cpp b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUEMSImpl.cpp
index 03aa932ed7b..44160fec98b 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUEMSImpl.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUEMSImpl.cpp
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #include <boost/preprocessor/seq/for_each.hpp>
 #include <boost/preprocessor/stringize.hpp>
 #include <boost/preprocessor/variadic/to_seq.hpp>
+#include <vector>
 #include "WGPUBuffer.h"
 #include "WGPUCommandBuffer.h"
 #include "WGPUDef.h"
@@ -153,21 +154,6 @@ void CCWGPUDevice::copyTextureToBuffers(Texture* src, const emscripten::val& buf
     // @hana-alice
 }
 
-Shader* CCWGPUDevice::createShader(const ShaderInfo& info, const emscripten::val& spirvVal) {
-    CHECK_PTR(spirvVal);
-
-    auto len = spirvVal[length_val].as<uint32_t>();
-    std::vector<std::vector<uint32_t>> spvData;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
-        spvData.emplace_back(std::move(convertJSArrayToNumberVector_local<uint32_t>(spirvVal[i])));
-    }
-
-    auto* shader = new CCWGPUShader();
-    // shader->initialize(shaderInfo);
-    shader->initialize(info, spvData);
-    return shader;
-}
-
 void CCWGPUDevice::copyBuffersToTexture(const emscripten::val& v, Texture* dst, const std::vector<BufferTextureCopy>& regions) {
     CHECK_VOID(v);
     auto len = v[length_val].as<unsigned>();
@@ -182,4 +168,9 @@ void CCWGPUDevice::copyBuffersToTexture(const emscripten::val& v, Texture* dst,
     return copyBuffersToTexture(buffers.data(), dst, regions.data(), regions.size());
 }
 
+void CCWGPUShader::reflectBinding(const emscripten::val &vals) {
+    const std::vector<uint8_t>& bindings = convertJSArrayToNumberVector<uint8_t>(vals);
+    _gpuShaderObject->bindings.emplace_back(bindings);
+}
+
 } // namespace cc::gfx
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUExports.h b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUExports.h
index f5d0a6e002b..a9547026a0f 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUExports.h
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUExports.h
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
 #include "states/WGPUGeneralBarrier.h"
 #include "states/WGPUTextureBarrier.h"
 
-REGISTER_GFX_PTRS_FOR_STRUCT(Device, Buffer, Texture, GeneralBarrier, Queue, RenderPass, Shader, PipelineLayout, DescriptorSetLayout, CommandBuffer, DescriptorSet);
+REGISTER_GFX_PTRS_FOR_STRUCT(Device, Buffer, Texture, GeneralBarrier, Queue, RenderPass, Shader, PipelineLayout, DescriptorSetLayout, CommandBuffer, DescriptorSet, Sampler, CCWGPUGPUDescriptorSetObject);
 
 namespace cc::gfx {
 
@@ -106,17 +106,20 @@ EMSCRIPTEN_BINDINGS(WEBGPU_DEVICE_WASM_EXPORT) {
     EXPORT_STRUCT_POD(Attribute, name, format, isNormalized, stream, isInstanced, location);
     EXPORT_STRUCT_POD(ShaderInfo, name, stages, attributes, blocks, buffers, samplerTextures, samplers, textures, images, subpassInputs);
     EXPORT_STRUCT_NPOD(InputAssemblerInfo, attributes, vertexBuffers, indexBuffer, indirectBuffer);
-    EXPORT_STRUCT_NPOD(ColorAttachment, format, sampleCount, loadOp, storeOp, barrier, isGeneralLayout);
-    EXPORT_STRUCT_NPOD(DepthStencilAttachment, format, sampleCount, depthLoadOp, depthStoreOp, stencilLoadOp, stencilStoreOp, barrier, isGeneralLayout);
+    EXPORT_STRUCT_NPOD(ColorAttachment, format, sampleCount, loadOp, storeOp, barrier);
+    EXPORT_STRUCT_NPOD(DepthStencilAttachment, format, sampleCount, depthLoadOp, depthStoreOp, stencilLoadOp, stencilStoreOp, barrier);
     EXPORT_STRUCT_POD(SubpassInfo, inputs, colors, resolves, preserves, depthStencil, depthStencilResolve, depthResolveMode, stencilResolveMode);
 
     // MAYBE TODO(Zeqiang): all ts related backend no need to care about barriers.
-    EXPORT_STRUCT_POD(SubpassDependency, srcSubpass, dstSubpass, bufferBarrierCount, textureBarrierCount);
+    EXPORT_STRUCT_POD(SubpassDependency, srcSubpass, dstSubpass, prevAccesses, nextAccesses);
     EXPORT_STRUCT_POD(RenderPassInfo, colorAttachments, depthStencilAttachment, subpasses, dependencies);
     EXPORT_STRUCT_POD(GeneralBarrierInfo, prevAccesses, nextAccesses, type);
-    EXPORT_STRUCT_NPOD(TextureBarrierInfo, prevAccesses, nextAccesses, type, baseMipLevel, levelCount, baseSlice, sliceCount, discardContents, srcQueue, dstQueue);
+    EXPORT_STRUCT_POD(ResourceRange, width, height, depthOrArraySize, firstSlice, numSlices, mipLevel, levelCount, basePlane, planeCount);
+    EXPORT_STRUCT_NPOD(TextureBarrierInfo, prevAccesses, nextAccesses, type, range, discardContents, srcQueue, dstQueue);
     EXPORT_STRUCT_NPOD(BufferBarrierInfo, prevAccesses, nextAccesses, type, offset, size, discardContents, srcQueue, dstQueue);
     EXPORT_STRUCT_NPOD(FramebufferInfo, renderPass, colorTextures, depthStencilTexture);
+    EXPORT_STRUCT_NPOD(WGPUGPUDescriptor, type, buffer, texture, sampler);
+    EXPORT_STRUCT_NPOD(CCWGPUGPUDescriptorSetObject, gpuDescriptors, descriptorIndices);
     EXPORT_STRUCT_NPOD(DescriptorSetLayoutBinding, binding, descriptorType, count, stageFlags, immutableSamplers);
     EXPORT_STRUCT_POD(DescriptorSetLayoutInfo, bindings);
     EXPORT_STRUCT_NPOD(DescriptorSetInfo, layout);
@@ -174,6 +177,7 @@ EMSCRIPTEN_BINDINGS(WEBGPU_DEVICE_WASM_EXPORT) {
         //           /* pure_virtual(), */ allow_raw_pointer<arg<0>>())
         // .function("flushCommands", &Device::flushCommands, allow_raw_pointers())
         .function("present", select_overload<void(void)>(&Device::present))
+        .function("enableAutoBarrier", &Device::enableAutoBarrier)
         .property("queue", &Device::getQueue)
         .property("commandBuffer", &Device::getCommandBuffer)
         .property("capabilities", &Device::getCapabilities)
@@ -190,8 +194,7 @@ EMSCRIPTEN_BINDINGS(WEBGPU_DEVICE_WASM_EXPORT) {
 
         .function("acquire", select_overload<void(const std::vector<Swapchain *> &)>(&CCWGPUDevice::acquire),
                   /* pure_virtual(), */ allow_raw_pointer<arg<0>>())
-        .function("createShaderNative", select_overload<Shader *(const ShaderInfo &, const emscripten::val &)>(&CCWGPUDevice::createShader),
-                  /* pure_virtual(), */ allow_raw_pointer<arg<0>>())
+        .function("createShaderNative", select_overload<Shader *(const ShaderInfo &)>(&CCWGPUDevice::createShader))
         .function("copyTextureToBuffers", select_overload<void(Texture * src, const emscripten::val &, const emscripten::val &)>(&CCWGPUDevice::copyTextureToBuffers),
                   /* pure_virtual(), */ allow_raw_pointers())
         .function("copyBuffersToTexture", select_overload<void(const emscripten::val &, Texture *dst, const std::vector<BufferTextureCopy> &)>(&CCWGPUDevice::copyBuffersToTexture),
@@ -288,6 +291,7 @@ EMSCRIPTEN_BINDINGS(WEBGPU_DEVICE_WASM_EXPORT) {
         .function("update", &DescriptorSet::update)
         .function("bindBuffer", select_overload<void(uint32_t, Buffer *)>(&DescriptorSet::bindBuffer), allow_raw_pointer<arg<1>>())
         .function("bindBuffer", select_overload<void(uint32_t, Buffer *, uint32_t)>(&DescriptorSet::bindBuffer), allow_raw_pointer<arg<1>>())
+        .function("bindBuffer", select_overload<void(uint32_t, Buffer *, uint32_t, AccessFlags)>(&DescriptorSet::bindBuffer), allow_raw_pointer<arg<1>>())
         .function("bindTexture", select_overload<void(uint32_t, Texture *)>(&DescriptorSet::bindTexture), allow_raw_pointer<arg<1>>())
         .function("bindTexture", select_overload<void(uint32_t, Texture *, uint32_t)>(&DescriptorSet::bindTexture), allow_raw_pointer<arg<1>>())
         .function("bindSampler", select_overload<void(uint32_t, Sampler *)>(&DescriptorSet::bindSampler), allow_raw_pointer<arg<1>>())
@@ -301,6 +305,8 @@ EMSCRIPTEN_BINDINGS(WEBGPU_DEVICE_WASM_EXPORT) {
         .property("layout", &DescriptorSet::getLayout)
         .property("objectID", select_overload<uint32_t(void) const>(&DescriptorSet::getObjectID));
     class_<CCWGPUDescriptorSet, base<DescriptorSet>>("CCWGPUDescriptorSet")
+        // .property("gpuDescriptorSet", &CCWGPUDescriptorSet::gpuDescriptors)
+        .function("updateFrom", &CCWGPUDescriptorSet::setGpuDescriptors)
         .constructor<>();
 
     class_<PipelineLayout>("PipelineLayout")
@@ -312,7 +318,6 @@ EMSCRIPTEN_BINDINGS(WEBGPU_DEVICE_WASM_EXPORT) {
         .constructor<>();
 
     class_<Shader>("Shader")
-        .function("initialize", &Shader::initialize)
         .function("destroy", &Shader::destroy)
         .property("name", &Shader::getName)
         .property("attributes", &Shader::getAttributes)
@@ -326,6 +331,8 @@ EMSCRIPTEN_BINDINGS(WEBGPU_DEVICE_WASM_EXPORT) {
         .property("subpassInputs", &Shader::getSubpassInputs)
         .property("objectID", select_overload<uint32_t(void) const>(&Shader::getObjectID));
     class_<CCWGPUShader, base<Shader>>("CCWGPUShader")
+        .function("initialize", &CCWGPUShader::initWithWGSL)
+        .function("reflectBinding", &CCWGPUShader::reflectBinding)
         .constructor<>();
 
     class_<InputAssembler>("InputAssembler")
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUObject.h b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUObject.h
index 819c3390847..4371c12163f 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUObject.h
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUObject.h
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ namespace cc {
 namespace gfx {
 
 constexpr uint8_t CC_WGPU_MAX_ATTACHMENTS = 16;
-constexpr uint8_t CC_WGPU_MAX_STREAM = 256; // not sure
 constexpr decltype(nullptr) wgpuDefaultHandle = nullptr;
 constexpr ccstd::hash_t WGPU_HASH_SEED = 0x811C9DC5;
 constexpr uint8_t CC_WGPU_MAX_FRAME_COUNT = 3;
@@ -101,6 +100,7 @@ struct CCWGPUTextureObject {
     WGPUTexture wgpuTexture = wgpuDefaultHandle;
     WGPUTextureView wgpuTextureView = wgpuDefaultHandle;
     WGPUTextureView selfView = wgpuDefaultHandle;
+    std::vector<WGPUTextureView> planeViews;
 };
 
 // The indirect drawIndexed parameters encoded in the buffer must be a tightly packed block
@@ -161,13 +161,14 @@ struct CCWGPUSamplerObject {
 
 struct CCWGPUBindGroupLayoutObject {
     WGPUBindGroupLayout bindGroupLayout = wgpuDefaultHandle;
-    ccstd::vector<WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry> bindGroupLayoutEntries;
+    ccstd::map<uint32_t, WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry> bindGroupLayoutEntries;
 };
 
 struct CCWGPUBindGroupObject {
     WGPUBindGroup bindgroup = wgpuDefaultHandle;
     ccstd::vector<WGPUBindGroupEntry> bindGroupEntries;
-    ccstd::set<uint8_t> bindingSet;
+    ccstd::set<uint8_t> bindingSet;      // bindingInDesc
+    ccstd::set<uint8_t> bindingInShader; // bindingInShader
 };
 
 struct CCWGPUPipelineLayoutObject {
@@ -182,11 +183,14 @@ struct CCWGPUPipelineStateObject {
     uint32_t maxAttrLength = 0;
 };
 
+using BindingList = ccstd::vector<uint8_t>;
 struct CCWGPUShaderObject {
     ccstd::string name;
     WGPUShaderModule wgpuShaderVertexModule = wgpuDefaultHandle;
     WGPUShaderModule wgpuShaderFragmentModule = wgpuDefaultHandle;
     WGPUShaderModule wgpuShaderComputeModule = wgpuDefaultHandle;
+
+    ccstd::vector<BindingList> bindings;
 };
 
 struct CCWGPUInputAssemblerObject {
@@ -244,6 +248,7 @@ struct CCWGPUCommandBufferObject {
     WGPURenderPassDescriptor renderPassDescriptor;
     CCWGPUStateCache stateCache;
 
+    ccstd::vector<WGPUCommandBuffer> computeCmdBuffs;
     ccstd::unordered_map<uint32_t, CCWGPUBuffer *> redundantVertexBufferMap;
 };
 
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUPipelineLayout.h b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUPipelineLayout.h
index 819bb01c1fe..c0bb9068af1 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUPipelineLayout.h
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUPipelineLayout.h
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class CCWGPUPipelineLayout final : public PipelineLayout {
 
     ccstd::hash_t _hash{0};
 
-    friend void createPipelineLayoutFallback(const ccstd::vector<DescriptorSet *> &descriptorSets, PipelineLayout *pipelineLayout);
+    friend void createPipelineLayoutFallback(const ccstd::vector<DescriptorSet *> &descriptorSets, PipelineLayout *pipelineLayout, bool skipEmpty);
 };
 
 } // namespace gfx
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUPipelineState.cpp b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUPipelineState.cpp
index 03fc57270f8..634e32ac987 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUPipelineState.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUPipelineState.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 
 #include "WGPUPipelineState.h"
 #include <emscripten/html5_webgpu.h>
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <numeric>
 #include "WGPUDescriptorSetLayout.h"
 #include "WGPUDevice.h"
@@ -101,10 +102,10 @@ ccstd::hash_t hash(const WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor &desc) {
             hash_combine(hash, desc.fragment->constants[i].key);
             hash_combine(hash, desc.fragment->constants[i].value);
         }
+
         hash_combine(hash, desc.fragment->targetCount);
         for (uint32_t i = 0; i < desc.fragment->targetCount; ++i) {
             hash_combine(hash, desc.fragment->targets[i].format);
-            hash_combine(hash, desc.fragment->targets[i].blend);
             if (desc.fragment->targets[i].blend) {
                 hash_combine(hash, desc.fragment->targets[i].blend->color.operation);
                 hash_combine(hash, desc.fragment->targets[i].blend->color.srcFactor);
@@ -115,8 +116,6 @@ ccstd::hash_t hash(const WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor &desc) {
             }
             hash_combine(hash, desc.fragment->targets[i].writeMask);
         }
-    } else {
-        hash_combine(hash, 0);
     }
     return hash;
 }
@@ -295,7 +294,7 @@ void CCWGPUPipelineState::prepare(const ccstd::set<uint8_t> &setInUse) {
             .nextInChain = nullptr,
             .format = toWGPUTextureFormat(dsAttachment.format),
             .depthWriteEnabled = _depthStencilState.depthWrite != 0,
-            .depthCompare = _depthStencilState.depthTest ? toWGPUCompareFunction(_depthStencilState.depthFunc) : WGPUCompareFunction_Undefined,
+            .depthCompare = _depthStencilState.depthTest ? toWGPUCompareFunction(_depthStencilState.depthFunc) : WGPUCompareFunction_Always,
             .stencilFront = stencilFront,
             .stencilBack = stencilBack,
             .stencilReadMask = _depthStencilState.stencilReadMaskFront,
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUQueue.cpp b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUQueue.cpp
index 7ab53a0641a..c42bba1cde8 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUQueue.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUQueue.cpp
@@ -82,17 +82,26 @@ void CCWGPUQueue::submit(CommandBuffer *const *cmdBuffs, uint32_t count) {
     // CCWGPUDevice::getInstance()->stagingBuffer()->unmap();
 
     ccstd::vector<WGPUCommandBuffer> wgpuCmdBuffs(count);
+    ccstd::vector<WGPUCommandEncoder> wgpuCmdEncoders(count);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
         const auto *cmdBuff = static_cast<CCWGPUCommandBuffer *>(cmdBuffs[i]);
         wgpuCmdBuffs[i] = cmdBuff->gpuCommandBufferObject()->wgpuCommandBuffer;
+        wgpuCmdEncoders[i] = cmdBuff->gpuCommandBufferObject()->wgpuCommandEncoder;
 
         _numDrawCalls += cmdBuff->getNumDrawCalls();
         _numInstances += cmdBuff->getNumInstances();
         _numTriangles += cmdBuff->getNumTris();
+
+        const_cast<CCWGPUCommandBuffer*>(cmdBuff)->reset();
     }
 
     wgpuQueueSubmit(_gpuQueueObject->wgpuQueue, count, wgpuCmdBuffs.data());
-    std::for_each(wgpuCmdBuffs.begin(), wgpuCmdBuffs.end(), [](auto wgpuCmdBuffer) { wgpuCommandBufferRelease(wgpuCmdBuffer); });
+    std::for_each(wgpuCmdBuffs.begin(), wgpuCmdBuffs.end(), [](auto wgpuCmdBuffer) {
+        wgpuCommandBufferRelease(wgpuCmdBuffer);
+    });
+    std::for_each(wgpuCmdEncoders.begin(), wgpuCmdEncoders.end(), [](auto wgpuCmdEncoder) {
+        wgpuCommandEncoderRelease(wgpuCmdEncoder);
+    });
 
     auto *recycleBin = CCWGPUDevice::getInstance()->recycleBin();
     wgpuQueueOnSubmittedWorkDone(_gpuQueueObject->wgpuQueue, 0, wgpuQueueSubmitCallback, recycleBin);
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUSampler.cpp b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUSampler.cpp
index 65e1c662f57..ff2523e39f1 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUSampler.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUSampler.cpp
@@ -39,15 +39,16 @@ CCWGPUSampler *dftUnfilterableSampler = nullptr;
 using namespace emscripten;
 
 CCWGPUSampler::CCWGPUSampler(const SamplerInfo &info) : Sampler(info) {
+    ccstd::string tag = std::to_string(static_cast<uint32_t>(info.minFilter)) + " " + std::to_string(static_cast<uint32_t>(info.magFilter)) + " " + std::to_string(static_cast<uint32_t>(info.mipFilter));
     WGPUSamplerDescriptor descriptor = {
         .nextInChain = nullptr,
-        .label = (std::to_string(static_cast<uint32_t>(info.minFilter)) + " " + std::to_string(static_cast<uint32_t>(info.magFilter)) + " " + std::to_string(static_cast<uint32_t>(info.mipFilter))).c_str(),
+        .label = tag.c_str(),
         .addressModeU = toWGPUAddressMode(info.addressU),
         .addressModeV = toWGPUAddressMode(info.addressV),
         .addressModeW = toWGPUAddressMode(info.addressW),
         .magFilter = toWGPUFilterMode(info.magFilter),
         .minFilter = toWGPUFilterMode(info.minFilter),
-        .mipmapFilter = toWGPUFilterMode(info.mipFilter),
+        .mipmapFilter = toWGPUMipmapFilterMode(info.mipFilter),
         .lodMinClamp = 0.0f,
         .lodMaxClamp = std::numeric_limits<float>::max(),
         .compare = WGPUCompareFunction_Undefined, // toWGPUCompareFunction(info.cmpFunc),
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUShader.cpp b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUShader.cpp
index 6bbc29381da..9173e6d5c6f 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUShader.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUShader.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include "WGPUDevice.h"
 #include "WGPUObject.h"
 #include "WGPUUtils.h"
+#include "gfx-base/GFXDef-common.h"
 #define USE_NATIVE_SPIRV 0
 #if USE_NATIVE_SPIRV
     #include "gfx-base/SPIRVUtils.h"
@@ -87,6 +88,41 @@ void CCWGPUShader::initialize(const ShaderInfo &info, const std::vector<std::vec
     }
 }
 
+void CCWGPUShader::initWithWGSL(const ShaderInfo& info) {
+     _gpuShaderObject = ccnew CCWGPUShaderObject;
+
+    _name = info.name;
+    _stages = info.stages;
+    _attributes = info.attributes;
+    _blocks = info.blocks;
+    _buffers = info.buffers;
+    _samplerTextures = info.samplerTextures;
+    _samplers = info.samplers;
+    _textures = info.textures;
+    _images = info.images;
+    _subpassInputs = info.subpassInputs;
+
+    _gpuShaderObject->name = info.name;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < info.stages.size(); i++) {
+        const auto &stage = info.stages[i];
+        WGPUShaderModuleWGSLDescriptor wgslDesc = {};
+        wgslDesc.chain.sType = WGPUSType_ShaderModuleWGSLDescriptor;
+        wgslDesc.code = stage.source.c_str();
+        WGPUShaderModuleDescriptor desc = {};
+        desc.nextInChain = reinterpret_cast<WGPUChainedStruct *>(&wgslDesc);
+        desc.label = _name.c_str();
+        if (stage.stage == ShaderStageFlagBit::VERTEX) {
+            _gpuShaderObject->wgpuShaderVertexModule = wgpuDeviceCreateShaderModule(CCWGPUDevice::getInstance()->gpuDeviceObject()->wgpuDevice, &desc);
+        } else if (stage.stage == ShaderStageFlagBit::FRAGMENT) {
+            _gpuShaderObject->wgpuShaderFragmentModule = wgpuDeviceCreateShaderModule(CCWGPUDevice::getInstance()->gpuDeviceObject()->wgpuDevice, &desc);
+        } else if (stage.stage == ShaderStageFlagBit::COMPUTE) {
+            _gpuShaderObject->wgpuShaderComputeModule = wgpuDeviceCreateShaderModule(CCWGPUDevice::getInstance()->gpuDeviceObject()->wgpuDevice, &desc);
+        } else {
+            printf("unsupport shader stage.");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 const std::string spirvProcess(const uint32_t *data, size_t size, const UniformSamplerTextureList &list) {
 #if USE_NATIVE_SPIRV
     spirv_cross::CompilerMSL compiler(data, size);
@@ -140,6 +176,7 @@ const std::string spirvProcess(const uint32_t *data, size_t size, const UniformS
 }
 
 void CCWGPUShader::doInit(const ShaderInfo &info) {
+    initWithWGSL(info);
 #if USE_NATIVE_SPIRV
     _gpuShaderObject = ccnew CCWGPUShaderObject;
     if (!spirv) {
@@ -194,4 +231,4 @@ void CCWGPUShader::doDestroy() {
 }
 
 } // namespace gfx
-} // namespace cc
\ No newline at end of file
+} // namespace cc
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUShader.h b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUShader.h
index 023084d8e96..8ba4d93dccd 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUShader.h
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUShader.h
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 ****************************************************************************/
 
 #pragma once
+#include "gfx-base/GFXDef-common.h"
 #ifdef CC_WGPU_WASM
     #include "WGPUDef.h"
 #endif
@@ -45,8 +46,12 @@ class CCWGPUShader final : public Shader {
 
     // ems export
     EXPORT_EMS(
-        void initialize(const ShaderInfo &info, emscripten::val &spirvs);)
+        void initialize(const ShaderInfo &info, emscripten::val &spirvs);
+        void reflectBinding(const emscripten::val& bindings);
+        )
+
     void initialize(const ShaderInfo &info, const std::vector<std::vector<uint32_t>> &spirvs);
+    void initWithWGSL(const ShaderInfo& info);
 
 protected:
     void doInit(const ShaderInfo &info) override;
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUTexture.cpp b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUTexture.cpp
index 77f723e0c13..efadb8094dd 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUTexture.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUTexture.cpp
@@ -35,6 +35,38 @@ namespace gfx {
 namespace {
 CCWGPUTexture *dftCommonTexture = nullptr;
 CCWGPUTexture *dftStorageTexture = nullptr;
+
+void generatePlaneViews(CCWGPUTexture *texture) {
+    if (texture->getFormat() == Format::DEPTH_STENCIL) {
+        auto *gpuTextureObj = texture->gpuTextureObject();
+        WGPUTextureViewDescriptor depthView = {
+            .nextInChain = nullptr,
+            .label = nullptr,
+            .format = WGPUTextureFormat_Depth24Plus,
+            .dimension = WGPUTextureViewDimension_2D,
+            .baseMipLevel = 0,
+            .mipLevelCount = 1,
+            .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+            .arrayLayerCount = 1,
+            .aspect = WGPUTextureAspect_DepthOnly,
+        };
+        gpuTextureObj->planeViews.emplace_back(wgpuTextureCreateView(gpuTextureObj->wgpuTexture, &depthView));
+
+        WGPUTextureViewDescriptor stencilView = {
+            .nextInChain = nullptr,
+            .label = nullptr,
+            .format = WGPUTextureFormat_Stencil8,
+            .dimension = WGPUTextureViewDimension_2D,
+            .baseMipLevel = 0,
+            .mipLevelCount = 1,
+            .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+            .arrayLayerCount = 1,
+            .aspect = WGPUTextureAspect_StencilOnly,
+        };
+        gpuTextureObj->planeViews.emplace_back(wgpuTextureCreateView(gpuTextureObj->wgpuTexture, &stencilView));
+    }
+}
+
 } // namespace
 
 using namespace emscripten;
@@ -84,6 +116,7 @@ void CCWGPUTexture::doInit(const TextureInfo &info) {
     };
     _gpuTextureObj->selfView = wgpuTextureCreateView(_gpuTextureObj->wgpuTexture, &texViewDesc);
 
+    generatePlaneViews(this);
     _internalChanged = true;
 } // namespace gfx
 
@@ -103,6 +136,9 @@ void CCWGPUTexture::doInit(const TextureViewInfo &info) {
     auto *ccTexture = static_cast<CCWGPUTexture *>(info.texture);
     WGPUTexture wgpuTexture = ccTexture->gpuTextureObject()->wgpuTexture;
     _gpuTextureObj->selfView = _gpuTextureObj->wgpuTextureView = wgpuTextureCreateView(wgpuTexture, &descriptor);
+
+    generatePlaneViews(this);
+
     _internalChanged = true;
 }
 
@@ -137,6 +173,8 @@ void CCWGPUTexture::doInit(const SwapchainTextureInfo &info) {
                 .aspect = aspect,
             };
             _gpuTextureObj->selfView = wgpuTextureCreateView(_gpuTextureObj->wgpuTexture, &texViewDesc);
+
+            generatePlaneViews(this);
         } else {
             _gpuTextureObj->selfView = wgpuSwapChainGetCurrentTextureView(swapchain->gpuSwapchainObject()->wgpuSwapChain);
         }
@@ -144,6 +182,13 @@ void CCWGPUTexture::doInit(const SwapchainTextureInfo &info) {
     }
 }
 
+void *CCWGPUTexture::getPlaneView(uint32_t plane) {
+    if (_info.format == Format::DEPTH_STENCIL || _viewInfo.format == Format::DEPTH_STENCIL) {
+        return _gpuTextureObj->planeViews[plane];
+    }
+    return _gpuTextureObj->selfView;
+}
+
 void CCWGPUTexture::doDestroy() {
     if (_gpuTextureObj) {
         if (_gpuTextureObj->wgpuTexture) {
@@ -156,6 +201,11 @@ void CCWGPUTexture::doDestroy() {
         if (_gpuTextureObj->selfView && !_isTextureView) {
             wgpuTextureViewRelease(_gpuTextureObj->selfView);
         }
+        if (!_gpuTextureObj->planeViews.empty()) {
+            for (auto view : _gpuTextureObj->planeViews) {
+                wgpuTextureViewRelease(view);
+            }
+        }
         delete _gpuTextureObj;
         _gpuTextureObj = nullptr;
     }
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUTexture.h b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUTexture.h
index 6d448128d64..258c3dd44ed 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUTexture.h
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUTexture.h
@@ -63,6 +63,8 @@ class CCWGPUTexture final : public Texture {
     inline auto getTextureSamples() const { return _info.samples; };
     inline auto getTextureFlags() const { return _info.flags; };
 
+    void* getPlaneView(uint32_t plane);
+
 protected:
     void doInit(const TextureInfo &info) override;
     void doInit(const TextureViewInfo &info) override;
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUUtils.cpp b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUUtils.cpp
index f41674337bc..bfe1ec2c066 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUUtils.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUUtils.cpp
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 
 namespace cc::gfx {
 
-void createPipelineLayoutFallback(const ccstd::vector<DescriptorSet*>& descriptorSets, PipelineLayout* pipelineLayout) {
+void createPipelineLayoutFallback(const ccstd::vector<DescriptorSet*>& descriptorSets, PipelineLayout* pipelineLayout, bool skipEmpty) {
     ccstd::hash_t hash = descriptorSets.size() * 2 + 1;
     ccstd::hash_combine(hash, descriptorSets.size());
     std::string label = "";
@@ -41,16 +41,17 @@ void createPipelineLayoutFallback(const ccstd::vector<DescriptorSet*>& descripto
     for (size_t i = 0; i < descriptorSets.size(); ++i) {
         auto* descriptorSet = static_cast<CCWGPUDescriptorSet*>(descriptorSets[i]);
         if (descriptorSet && descriptorSet->getHash() != 0) {
-            auto* descriptorSetLayout = static_cast<CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout*>(descriptorSet->getLayout());
+            auto* tLayout = const_cast<DescriptorSetLayout*>(descriptorSet->getLayout());
+            auto* descriptorSetLayout = static_cast<CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout*>(tLayout);
             auto* wgpuBindGroupLayout = static_cast<WGPUBindGroupLayout>(CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout::getBindGroupLayoutByHash(descriptorSet->getHash()));
             descriptorSetLayouts.push_back(wgpuBindGroupLayout);
             ccstd::hash_combine(hash, i);
             ccstd::hash_combine(hash, descriptorSet->getHash());
-            label += std::to_string(descriptorSet->getHash()) + "-" + descriptorSet->label + "-" + std::to_string(descriptorSetLayout->getHash()) + " ";
-        } else {
-            descriptorSetLayouts.push_back(static_cast<WGPUBindGroupLayout>(CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout::defaultBindGroupLayout()));
+            //label += std::to_string(descriptorSet->getHash()) + "-" + descriptorSet->label + "-" + std::to_string(descriptorSetLayout->getHash()) + " ";
+        } else if (!skipEmpty) {
+            auto bindgroup = static_cast<WGPUBindGroupLayout>(CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout::defaultBindGroupLayout());
+            descriptorSetLayouts.push_back(bindgroup);
             ccstd::hash_combine(hash, i);
-            ccstd::hash_combine(hash, 0);
         }
     }
 
@@ -140,23 +141,23 @@ fn frag_main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
 }
         )";
 
-        WGPUShaderModuleWGSLDescriptor wgslShaderDescVert;
-        wgslShaderDescVert.source = clearQuadVert;
+        WGPUShaderModuleWGSLDescriptor wgslShaderDescVert{};
+        wgslShaderDescVert.code = clearQuadVert;
         wgslShaderDescVert.chain.sType = WGPUSType_ShaderModuleWGSLDescriptor;
         WGPUShaderModuleDescriptor shaderDescVert;
         shaderDescVert.nextInChain = reinterpret_cast<WGPUChainedStruct*>(&wgslShaderDescVert);
         shaderDescVert.label = "clearQuadVert";
         clearPassData.vertShader = wgpuDeviceCreateShaderModule(wgpuDevice, &shaderDescVert);
 
-        WGPUShaderModuleWGSLDescriptor wgslShaderDescFrag;
-        wgslShaderDescFrag.source = clearQuadFrag;
+        WGPUShaderModuleWGSLDescriptor wgslShaderDescFrag{};
+        wgslShaderDescFrag.code = clearQuadFrag;
         wgslShaderDescFrag.chain.sType = WGPUSType_ShaderModuleWGSLDescriptor;
         WGPUShaderModuleDescriptor shaderDescFrag;
         shaderDescFrag.nextInChain = reinterpret_cast<WGPUChainedStruct*>(&wgslShaderDescFrag);
         shaderDescFrag.label = "clearQuadFrag";
         clearPassData.fragShader = wgpuDeviceCreateShaderModule(wgpuDevice, &shaderDescFrag);
 
-        WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry bufferEntry;
+        WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry bufferEntry{};
         bufferEntry.binding = 0;
         bufferEntry.visibility = WGPUShaderStage_Fragment;
         bufferEntry.texture.sampleType = WGPUTextureSampleType_Undefined;
@@ -166,44 +167,44 @@ fn frag_main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
         bufferEntry.sampler.type = WGPUSamplerBindingType_Undefined;
         bufferEntry.storageTexture.access = WGPUStorageTextureAccess_Undefined;
 
-        WGPUBindGroupLayoutDescriptor bgLayoutDesc;
+        WGPUBindGroupLayoutDescriptor bgLayoutDesc{};
         bgLayoutDesc.label = "clearPassBGLayout";
         bgLayoutDesc.entryCount = 1;
         bgLayoutDesc.entries = &bufferEntry;
         clearPassData.bindGroupLayout = wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroupLayout(wgpuDevice, &bgLayoutDesc);
 
-        WGPUPipelineLayoutDescriptor pipelineLayoutDesc;
+        WGPUPipelineLayoutDescriptor pipelineLayoutDesc{};
         pipelineLayoutDesc.label = "clearPassPipelineLayout";
         pipelineLayoutDesc.bindGroupLayoutCount = 1;
         pipelineLayoutDesc.bindGroupLayouts = &clearPassData.bindGroupLayout;
         clearPassData.pipelineLayout = wgpuDeviceCreatePipelineLayout(wgpuDevice, &pipelineLayoutDesc);
 
-        WGPUVertexState vertexState;
+        WGPUVertexState vertexState{};
         vertexState.module = clearPassData.vertShader;
         vertexState.entryPoint = "vert_main";
 
-        WGPUPrimitiveState primitiveState;
+        WGPUPrimitiveState primitiveState{};
         primitiveState.topology = WGPUPrimitiveTopology_TriangleList;
         primitiveState.stripIndexFormat = WGPUIndexFormat_Undefined;
         primitiveState.frontFace = WGPUFrontFace_CCW;
         primitiveState.cullMode = WGPUCullMode_None;
 
-        WGPUColorTargetState colorState;
+        WGPUColorTargetState colorState{};
         colorState.format = format;
         colorState.writeMask = WGPUColorWriteMask_All;
 
-        WGPUFragmentState fragState;
+        WGPUFragmentState fragState{};
         fragState.module = clearPassData.fragShader;
         fragState.entryPoint = "frag_main";
         fragState.targetCount = 1;
         fragState.targets = &colorState;
 
-        WGPUMultisampleState multisample;
+        WGPUMultisampleState multisample{};
         multisample.count = 1;
         multisample.alphaToCoverageEnabled = false;
         multisample.mask = 0xFFFFFFFF;
 
-        WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor pipelineDesc;
+        WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor pipelineDesc{};
         pipelineDesc.label = "clearPassPipeline";
         pipelineDesc.layout = clearPassData.pipelineLayout;
         pipelineDesc.vertex = vertexState;
@@ -223,7 +224,7 @@ fn frag_main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
 
     auto dstView = wgpuTextureView;
 
-    WGPUBufferDescriptor bufferDesc;
+    WGPUBufferDescriptor bufferDesc{};
     bufferDesc.usage = WGPUBufferUsage_Uniform;
     bufferDesc.size = 16;
     bufferDesc.mappedAtCreation = true;
@@ -234,8 +235,7 @@ fn frag_main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
     memcpy(mappedBuffer, colorArr, 16);
     wgpuBufferUnmap(uniformBuffer);
 
-    WGPUBindGroupEntry entry;
-    entry.nextInChain = nullptr;
+    WGPUBindGroupEntry entry{};
     entry.binding = 0;
     entry.sampler = wgpuDefaultHandle;
     entry.buffer = uniformBuffer;
@@ -243,22 +243,20 @@ fn frag_main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
     entry.size = 16;
     entry.textureView = wgpuDefaultHandle;
 
-    WGPUBindGroupDescriptor bindgroupDesc;
+    WGPUBindGroupDescriptor bindgroupDesc{};
     bindgroupDesc.layout = clearPassData.bindGroupLayout;
     bindgroupDesc.entryCount = 1;
     bindgroupDesc.entries = &entry;
     auto bindGroup = wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroup(wgpuDevice, &bindgroupDesc);
 
-    WGPURenderPassColorAttachment colorAttachment;
+    WGPURenderPassColorAttachment colorAttachment{};
     colorAttachment.view = dstView;
     colorAttachment.resolveTarget = wgpuDefaultHandle;
     colorAttachment.loadOp = WGPULoadOp_Load;
     colorAttachment.storeOp = WGPUStoreOp_Store;
     colorAttachment.clearValue = {0.88, 0.88, 0.88, 1.0};
 
-    WGPURenderPassDescriptor rpDesc;
-    rpDesc.nextInChain = nullptr;
-    rpDesc.label = nullptr;
+    WGPURenderPassDescriptor rpDesc{};
     rpDesc.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
     rpDesc.colorAttachments = &colorAttachment;
     rpDesc.depthStencilAttachment = nullptr;
@@ -347,37 +345,37 @@ fn frag_main(@location(0) fragUV : vec2<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
 }
         )";
 
-        WGPUSamplerDescriptor samplerDesc;
+        WGPUSamplerDescriptor samplerDesc{};
         samplerDesc.label = "filterSampler";
         samplerDesc.addressModeU = WGPUAddressMode_MirrorRepeat;
         samplerDesc.addressModeV = WGPUAddressMode_MirrorRepeat;
         samplerDesc.addressModeW = WGPUAddressMode_MirrorRepeat;
         samplerDesc.magFilter = WGPUFilterMode_Linear;
         samplerDesc.minFilter = WGPUFilterMode_Linear;
-        samplerDesc.mipmapFilter = WGPUFilterMode_Linear;
+        samplerDesc.mipmapFilter = WGPUMipmapFilterMode_Linear;
         samplerDesc.lodMinClamp = 0.0;
         samplerDesc.lodMaxClamp = 32.0;
         samplerDesc.compare = WGPUCompareFunction_Undefined;
         samplerDesc.maxAnisotropy = 1;
         mipmapData.sampler = wgpuDeviceCreateSampler(wgpuDevice, &samplerDesc);
 
-        WGPUShaderModuleWGSLDescriptor wgslShaderDescVert;
-        wgslShaderDescVert.source = textureQuadVert;
+        WGPUShaderModuleWGSLDescriptor wgslShaderDescVert{};
+        wgslShaderDescVert.code = textureQuadVert;
         wgslShaderDescVert.chain.sType = WGPUSType_ShaderModuleWGSLDescriptor;
         WGPUShaderModuleDescriptor shaderDescVert;
         shaderDescVert.nextInChain = reinterpret_cast<WGPUChainedStruct*>(&wgslShaderDescVert);
         shaderDescVert.label = "textureQuadVert";
         mipmapData.vertShader = wgpuDeviceCreateShaderModule(wgpuDevice, &shaderDescVert);
 
-        WGPUShaderModuleWGSLDescriptor wgslShaderDescFrag;
-        wgslShaderDescFrag.source = textureQuadFrag;
+        WGPUShaderModuleWGSLDescriptor wgslShaderDescFrag{};
+        wgslShaderDescFrag.code = textureQuadFrag;
         wgslShaderDescFrag.chain.sType = WGPUSType_ShaderModuleWGSLDescriptor;
         WGPUShaderModuleDescriptor shaderDescFrag;
         shaderDescFrag.nextInChain = reinterpret_cast<WGPUChainedStruct*>(&wgslShaderDescFrag);
         shaderDescFrag.label = "textureQuadFrag";
         mipmapData.fragShader = wgpuDeviceCreateShaderModule(wgpuDevice, &shaderDescFrag);
 
-        WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry samplerEntry;
+        WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry samplerEntry{};
         samplerEntry.binding = 0;
         samplerEntry.visibility = WGPUShaderStage_Fragment;
         samplerEntry.sampler.type = WGPUSamplerBindingType_Filtering;
@@ -385,7 +383,7 @@ fn frag_main(@location(0) fragUV : vec2<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
         samplerEntry.texture.sampleType = WGPUTextureSampleType_Undefined;
         samplerEntry.storageTexture.access = WGPUStorageTextureAccess_Undefined;
 
-        WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry textureEntry;
+        WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry textureEntry{};
         textureEntry.binding = 1;
         textureEntry.visibility = WGPUShaderStage_Fragment;
         textureEntry.texture.sampleType = textureSampleTypeTrait(ccTexture->getFormat());
@@ -396,44 +394,46 @@ fn frag_main(@location(0) fragUV : vec2<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
         textureEntry.storageTexture.access = WGPUStorageTextureAccess_Undefined;
         WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry entries[2] = {samplerEntry, textureEntry};
 
-        WGPUBindGroupLayoutDescriptor bgLayoutDesc;
+        WGPUBindGroupLayoutDescriptor bgLayoutDesc{};
         bgLayoutDesc.label = "fullscreenTexturedQuadBGLayout";
         bgLayoutDesc.entryCount = 2;
         bgLayoutDesc.entries = entries;
         mipmapData.bindGroupLayout = wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroupLayout(wgpuDevice, &bgLayoutDesc);
 
-        WGPUPipelineLayoutDescriptor pipelineLayoutDesc;
+        WGPUPipelineLayoutDescriptor pipelineLayoutDesc{};
         pipelineLayoutDesc.label = "fullscreenTexturedQuadPipelineLayout";
         pipelineLayoutDesc.bindGroupLayoutCount = 1;
         pipelineLayoutDesc.bindGroupLayouts = &mipmapData.bindGroupLayout;
         mipmapData.pipelineLayout = wgpuDeviceCreatePipelineLayout(wgpuDevice, &pipelineLayoutDesc);
 
-        WGPUVertexState vertexState;
+        WGPUVertexState vertexState{};
         vertexState.module = mipmapData.vertShader;
         vertexState.entryPoint = "vert_main";
+        vertexState.bufferCount = 0;
+        vertexState.buffers = nullptr;
 
-        WGPUPrimitiveState primitiveState;
+        WGPUPrimitiveState primitiveState{};
         primitiveState.topology = WGPUPrimitiveTopology_TriangleList;
         primitiveState.stripIndexFormat = WGPUIndexFormat_Undefined;
         primitiveState.frontFace = WGPUFrontFace_CCW;
         primitiveState.cullMode = WGPUCullMode_None;
 
-        WGPUColorTargetState colorState;
+        WGPUColorTargetState colorState{};
         colorState.format = format;
         colorState.writeMask = WGPUColorWriteMask_All;
 
-        WGPUFragmentState fragState;
+        WGPUFragmentState fragState{};
         fragState.module = mipmapData.fragShader;
         fragState.entryPoint = "frag_main";
         fragState.targetCount = 1;
         fragState.targets = &colorState;
 
-        WGPUMultisampleState multisample;
+        WGPUMultisampleState multisample{};
         multisample.count = 1;
         multisample.alphaToCoverageEnabled = false;
         multisample.mask = 0xFFFFFFFF;
 
-        WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor pipelineDesc;
+        WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor pipelineDesc{};
         pipelineDesc.label = "fullscreenTexturedQuadPipeline";
         pipelineDesc.layout = mipmapData.pipelineLayout;
         pipelineDesc.vertex = vertexState;
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ fn frag_main(@location(0) fragUV : vec2<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
         mipmapData.pipeline = wgpuDeviceCreateRenderPipeline(wgpuDevice, &pipelineDesc);
     }
 
-    WGPUTextureViewDescriptor desc;
+    WGPUTextureViewDescriptor desc{};
     desc.format = format;
     desc.dimension = WGPUTextureViewDimension_2D;
     desc.baseMipLevel = fromLevel;
@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ fn frag_main(@location(0) fragUV : vec2<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
         entries[1].buffer = wgpuDefaultHandle;
         entries[1].sampler = wgpuDefaultHandle;
 
-        WGPUBindGroupDescriptor bindgroupDesc;
+        WGPUBindGroupDescriptor bindgroupDesc{};
         bindgroupDesc.layout = mipmapData.bindGroupLayout;
         bindgroupDesc.entryCount = 2;
         bindgroupDesc.entries = entries;
@@ -494,8 +494,7 @@ fn frag_main(@location(0) fragUV : vec2<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
         colorAttachment.storeOp = WGPUStoreOp_Store;
         colorAttachment.clearValue = {0.88, 0.88, 0.88, 1.0};
 
-        WGPURenderPassDescriptor rpDesc;
-        rpDesc.nextInChain = nullptr;
+        WGPURenderPassDescriptor rpDesc{};
         rpDesc.label = nullptr;
         rpDesc.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
         rpDesc.colorAttachments = &colorAttachment;
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUUtils.h b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUUtils.h
index f79f50c4896..eb3e7839a36 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUUtils.h
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUUtils.h
@@ -309,6 +309,19 @@ static WGPUAddressMode toWGPUAddressMode(Address addrMode) {
     }
 }
 
+static WGPUMipmapFilterMode toWGPUMipmapFilterMode(Filter filter) {
+    switch (filter) {
+        case Filter::NONE:
+            return WGPUMipmapFilterMode::WGPUMipmapFilterMode_Nearest;
+        case Filter::POINT:
+            return WGPUMipmapFilterMode::WGPUMipmapFilterMode_Nearest;
+        case Filter::LINEAR:
+            return WGPUMipmapFilterMode::WGPUMipmapFilterMode_Linear;
+        case Filter::ANISOTROPIC:
+            return WGPUMipmapFilterMode::WGPUMipmapFilterMode_Linear;
+    }
+}
+
 static WGPUFilterMode toWGPUFilterMode(Filter filter) {
     switch (filter) {
         case Filter::NONE:
@@ -644,7 +657,7 @@ void genMipMap(Texture* texture, uint8_t fromLevel, uint8_t levelCount, uint32_t
 class DescriptorSet;
 class PipelineLayout;
 // descriptor set layout in descriptor set not consistent with the binding in pipeline layout.
-void createPipelineLayoutFallback(const ccstd::vector<DescriptorSet*>& descriptorSets, PipelineLayout* pipelineLayout);
+void createPipelineLayoutFallback(const ccstd::vector<DescriptorSet*>& descriptorSets, PipelineLayout* pipelineLayout, bool skipEmpty = false);
 
 class Texture;
 class CommandBuffer;

From df2ce56b8740f55c7440477a6a84a28ec04abb4d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zeqiang Li <zeqiang-li@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 8 Sep 2023 17:02:27 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 38/59] cluster lighting logic & pass set update (#16197)

---
 cocos/render-scene/core/pass.ts               |  19 +-
 cocos/rendering/custom/builtin-pipelines.ts   |   2 +-
 cocos/rendering/custom/pipeline-define.ts     | 232 +++++++++++++-----
 .../rendering/render-additive-light-queue.ts  |   8 +-
 4 files changed, 191 insertions(+), 70 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cocos/render-scene/core/pass.ts b/cocos/render-scene/core/pass.ts
index 408d5938c5f..c09b83e9396 100644
--- a/cocos/render-scene/core/pass.ts
+++ b/cocos/render-scene/core/pass.ts
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ import {
     MacroRecord, MaterialProperty, customizeType, getBindingFromHandle, getDefaultFromType, getStringFromType,
     getOffsetFromHandle, getTypeFromHandle, type2reader, type2writer, getCountFromHandle, type2validator,
 } from './pass-utils';
-import { RenderPassStage, RenderPriority } from '../../rendering/define';
+import { RenderPassStage, RenderPriority, SetIndex } from '../../rendering/define';
 import { InstancedBuffer } from '../../rendering/instanced-buffer';
 import { ProgramLibrary } from '../../rendering/custom/private';
 
@@ -469,10 +469,19 @@ export class Pass {
      * @zh 重置所有 texture 和 sampler 为初始默认值。
      */
     public resetTextures (): void {
-        for (let i = 0; i < this._shaderInfo.samplerTextures.length; i++) {
-            const u = this._shaderInfo.samplerTextures[i];
-            for (let j = 0; j < u.count; j++) {
-                this.resetTexture(u.name, j);
+        if (cclegacy.rendering) {
+            const set = this._shaderInfo.descriptors[SetIndex.MATERIAL];
+            for (const combined of set.samplerTextures) {
+                for (let j = 0; j < combined.count; ++j) {
+                    this.resetTexture(combined.name, j);
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            for (let i = 0; i < this._shaderInfo.samplerTextures.length; i++) {
+                const u = this._shaderInfo.samplerTextures[i];
+                for (let j = 0; j < u.count; j++) {
+                    this.resetTexture(u.name, j);
+                }
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/cocos/rendering/custom/builtin-pipelines.ts b/cocos/rendering/custom/builtin-pipelines.ts
index 1403ee8d602..b1e31a85d11 100644
--- a/cocos/rendering/custom/builtin-pipelines.ts
+++ b/cocos/rendering/custom/builtin-pipelines.ts
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ export class DeferredPipelineBuilder implements PipelineBuilder {
                 // Lighting Pass
                 const lightInfo = setupLightingPass(ppl, info, useCluster);
                 // Deferred ForwardPass, for non-surface-shader material and transparent material
-                setupDeferredForward(ppl, info, lightInfo.rtName);
+                setupDeferredForward(ppl, info, lightInfo.rtName, useCluster);
                 // Postprocess
                 setupPostprocessPass(ppl, info, lightInfo.rtName);
 
diff --git a/cocos/rendering/custom/pipeline-define.ts b/cocos/rendering/custom/pipeline-define.ts
index 87d6a02dd34..1c10c17436c 100644
--- a/cocos/rendering/custom/pipeline-define.ts
+++ b/cocos/rendering/custom/pipeline-define.ts
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ export class CameraInfo {
         this.width = width;
         this.height = height;
     }
-    public camera;
+    public camera: Camera;
     public id = 0xFFFFFFFF;
     public windowID = 0xFFFFFFFF;
     public width = 0;
@@ -53,9 +53,12 @@ function prepareRenderWindow (camera: Camera): number {
     return windowID;
 }
 
-export function prepareResource (ppl: BasicPipeline, camera: Camera,
+export function prepareResource (
+    ppl: BasicPipeline,
+    camera: Camera,
     initResourceFunc: (ppl: BasicPipeline, info: CameraInfo) => void,
-    updateResourceFunc: (ppl: BasicPipeline, info: CameraInfo) => void): CameraInfo {
+    updateResourceFunc: (ppl: BasicPipeline, info: CameraInfo) => void,
+): CameraInfo {
     let info = cameraInfos.get(camera);
     if (info !== undefined) {
         let width = camera.window.width;
@@ -67,6 +70,9 @@ export function prepareResource (ppl: BasicPipeline, camera: Camera,
             height = 1;
         }
         const windowID = prepareRenderWindow(camera);
+        info.width = width;
+        info.height = height;
+        info.windowID = windowID;
         updateResourceFunc(ppl, info);
         return info;
     }
@@ -84,7 +90,7 @@ export function prepareResource (ppl: BasicPipeline, camera: Camera,
     return info;
 }
 
-function buildShadowRes (ppl: BasicPipeline, name: string, width, height): void {
+function buildShadowRes (ppl: BasicPipeline, name: string, width: number, height: number): void {
     const fboW = width;
     const fboH = height;
     const shadowMapName = name;
@@ -111,7 +117,7 @@ export function setupShadowRes (ppl: BasicPipeline, cameraInfo: CameraInfo): Sha
     const _validLights: Light[] = shadowInfo.validLights;
     let n = 0;
     let m = 0;
-    for (;n < shadow.maxReceived && m < validPunctualLights.length;) {
+    for (; n < shadow.maxReceived && m < validPunctualLights.length;) {
         const light = validPunctualLights[m];
         if (light.type === LightType.SPOT) {
             const spotLight = light as any;
@@ -149,12 +155,17 @@ export function setupShadowRes (ppl: BasicPipeline, cameraInfo: CameraInfo): Sha
     return shadowInfo;
 }
 
-export const  updateShadowRes = setupShadowRes;
+export const updateShadowRes = setupShadowRes;
 let shadowPass;
-function buildShadowPass (passName: Readonly<string>,
+function buildShadowPass (
+    passName: Readonly<string>,
     ppl: BasicPipeline,
-    camera: Camera, light: Light, level: number,
-    width: Readonly<number>, height: Readonly<number>): void {
+    camera: Camera,
+    light: Light,
+    level: number,
+    width: Readonly<number>,
+    height: Readonly<number>,
+): void {
     const fboW = width;
     const fboH = height;
     const area = getRenderArea(camera, width, height, light, level);
@@ -166,12 +177,21 @@ function buildShadowPass (passName: Readonly<string>,
         shadowPass.name = passName;
         shadowPass.setViewport(new Viewport(0, 0, fboW, fboH));
         shadowPass.addRenderTarget(shadowMapName, LoadOp.CLEAR, StoreOp.STORE, new Color(1, 1, 1, camera.clearColor.w));
-        shadowPass.addDepthStencil(`${shadowMapName}Depth`, LoadOp.CLEAR, StoreOp.DISCARD,
-            camera.clearDepth, camera.clearStencil, ClearFlagBit.DEPTH_STENCIL);
+        shadowPass.addDepthStencil(
+            `${shadowMapName}Depth`,
+            LoadOp.CLEAR,
+            StoreOp.DISCARD,
+            camera.clearDepth,
+            camera.clearStencil,
+            ClearFlagBit.DEPTH_STENCIL,
+        );
     }
     const queue = shadowPass.addQueue(QueueHint.RENDER_OPAQUE, 'shadow-caster');
-    queue.addSceneOfCamera(camera, new LightInfo(light, level),
-        SceneFlags.SHADOW_CASTER);
+    queue.addSceneOfCamera(
+        camera,
+        new LightInfo(light, level),
+        SceneFlags.SHADOW_CASTER,
+    );
     queue.setViewport(new Viewport(area.x, area.y, area.width, area.height));
 }
 export function setupShadowPass (ppl: BasicPipeline, cameraInfo: CameraInfo): void {
@@ -185,14 +205,28 @@ export function setupShadowPass (ppl: BasicPipeline, cameraInfo: CameraInfo): vo
     if (mainLight && mainLight.shadowEnabled) {
         shadowInfo.mainLightShadowNames[0] = `MainLightShadow${cameraInfo.id}`;
         if (mainLight.shadowFixedArea) {
-            buildShadowPass(shadowInfo.mainLightShadowNames[0], ppl,
-                camera, mainLight, 0, mapWidth, mapHeight);
+            buildShadowPass(
+                shadowInfo.mainLightShadowNames[0],
+                ppl,
+                camera,
+                mainLight,
+                0,
+                mapWidth,
+                mapHeight,
+            );
         } else {
             const csmLevel = ppl.pipelineSceneData.csmSupported ? mainLight.csmLevel : 1;
             shadowInfo.mainLightShadowNames[0] = `MainLightShadow${cameraInfo.id}`;
             for (let i = 0; i < csmLevel; i++) {
-                buildShadowPass(shadowInfo.mainLightShadowNames[0], ppl,
-                    camera, mainLight, i, mapWidth, mapHeight);
+                buildShadowPass(
+                    shadowInfo.mainLightShadowNames[0],
+                    ppl,
+                    camera,
+                    mainLight,
+                    i,
+                    mapWidth,
+                    mapHeight,
+                );
             }
         }
     }
@@ -201,8 +235,15 @@ export function setupShadowPass (ppl: BasicPipeline, cameraInfo: CameraInfo): vo
         const light = shadowInfo.validLights[l];
         const passName = `SpotLightShadow${l.toString()}${cameraInfo.id}`;
         shadowInfo.spotLightShadowNames[l] = passName;
-        buildShadowPass(passName, ppl,
-            camera, light, 0, mapWidth, mapHeight);
+        buildShadowPass(
+            passName,
+            ppl,
+            camera,
+            light,
+            0,
+            mapWidth,
+            mapHeight,
+        );
     }
 }
 
@@ -215,8 +256,13 @@ export function setupForwardRes (ppl: BasicPipeline, cameraInfo: CameraInfo, isO
     if (!isOffScreen) {
         ppl.addRenderWindow(`ForwardColor${cameraInfo.id}`, Format.BGRA8, width, height, cameraInfo.camera.window);
     } else {
-        ppl.addRenderTarget(`ForwardColor${cameraInfo.id}`, getRTFormatBeforeToneMapping(ppl),
-            width, height, ResourceResidency.PERSISTENT);
+        ppl.addRenderTarget(
+            `ForwardColor${cameraInfo.id}`,
+            getRTFormatBeforeToneMapping(ppl),
+            width,
+            height,
+            ResourceResidency.PERSISTENT,
+        );
     }
     ppl.addDepthStencil(`ForwardDepthStencil${cameraInfo.id}`, Format.DEPTH_STENCIL, width, height);
 }
@@ -235,7 +281,7 @@ export function updateForwardRes (ppl: BasicPipeline, cameraInfo: CameraInfo, is
     ppl.updateDepthStencil(`ForwardDepthStencil${cameraInfo.id}`, width, height);
 }
 
-export function setupDeferredForward (ppl: BasicPipeline, cameraInfo: CameraInfo, inputColor: string): void {
+export function setupDeferredForward (ppl: BasicPipeline, cameraInfo: CameraInfo, inputColor: string, clusterLighting?: boolean): void {
     const area = getRenderArea(cameraInfo.camera, cameraInfo.camera.window.width, cameraInfo.camera.window.height);
     const width = area.width;
     const height = area.height;
@@ -255,10 +301,12 @@ export function setupDeferredForward (ppl: BasicPipeline, cameraInfo: CameraInfo
         }
     }
 
+    let sceneFlags = SceneFlags.OPAQUE_OBJECT | SceneFlags.PLANAR_SHADOW | SceneFlags.CUTOUT_OBJECT
+        | SceneFlags.DRAW_INSTANCING;
+    sceneFlags |= clusterLighting ? SceneFlags.CLUSTERED_LIGHTING : SceneFlags.DEFAULT_LIGHTING;
+
     forwardPass.addQueue(QueueHint.RENDER_OPAQUE, 'deferred-forward')
-        .addSceneOfCamera(camera, new LightInfo(),
-            SceneFlags.OPAQUE_OBJECT | SceneFlags.PLANAR_SHADOW | SceneFlags.CUTOUT_OBJECT
-            | SceneFlags.DEFAULT_LIGHTING | SceneFlags.DRAW_INSTANCING);
+        .addSceneOfCamera(camera, new LightInfo(), sceneFlags);
     forwardPass.addQueue(QueueHint.RENDER_TRANSPARENT, 'deferred-forward')
         .addSceneOfCamera(camera, new LightInfo(), SceneFlags.TRANSPARENT_OBJECT | SceneFlags.GEOMETRY);
 }
@@ -286,22 +334,29 @@ export function setupForwardPass (ppl: BasicPipeline, cameraInfo: CameraInfo, is
         }
     }
     const camera = cameraInfo.camera;
-    forwardPass.addRenderTarget(`ForwardColor${cameraInfo.id}`,
+    forwardPass.addRenderTarget(
+        `ForwardColor${cameraInfo.id}`,
         isOffScreen ? LoadOp.CLEAR : getLoadOpOfClearFlag(camera.clearFlag, AttachmentType.RENDER_TARGET),
         StoreOp.STORE,
-        new Color(camera.clearColor.x, camera.clearColor.y, camera.clearColor.z, camera.clearColor.w));
-    forwardPass.addDepthStencil(`ForwardDepthStencil${cameraInfo.id}`,
+        new Color(camera.clearColor.x, camera.clearColor.y, camera.clearColor.z, camera.clearColor.w),
+    );
+    forwardPass.addDepthStencil(
+        `ForwardDepthStencil${cameraInfo.id}`,
         isOffScreen ? LoadOp.CLEAR : getLoadOpOfClearFlag(camera.clearFlag, AttachmentType.DEPTH_STENCIL),
         // If the depth texture is used by subsequent passes, it must be set to store.
         isOffScreen ? StoreOp.DISCARD : StoreOp.STORE,
         camera.clearDepth,
         camera.clearStencil,
-        camera.clearFlag);
+        camera.clearFlag,
+    );
     forwardPass
         .addQueue(QueueHint.RENDER_OPAQUE)
-        .addSceneOfCamera(camera, new LightInfo(),
+        .addSceneOfCamera(
+            camera,
+            new LightInfo(),
             SceneFlags.OPAQUE_OBJECT | SceneFlags.PLANAR_SHADOW | SceneFlags.CUTOUT_OBJECT
-             | SceneFlags.DEFAULT_LIGHTING | SceneFlags.DRAW_INSTANCING);
+            | SceneFlags.DEFAULT_LIGHTING | SceneFlags.DRAW_INSTANCING,
+        );
 
     let sceneFlags = SceneFlags.TRANSPARENT_OBJECT | SceneFlags.GEOMETRY;
     if (!isOffScreen) {
@@ -337,10 +392,11 @@ export function setupReflectionProbeRes (ppl: BasicPipeline, info: CameraInfo):
     const probes = cclegacy.internal.reflectionProbeManager.getProbes();
     if (probes.length === 0) return;
     for (let i = 0; i < probes.length; i++) {
-        const probe = probes[i];
+        const probe = probes[i] as ReflectionProbe;
         if (probe.needRender) {
             if (probes[i].probeType === ProbeType.PLANAR) {
-                buildReflectionProbeRes(ppl, probe, probe.realtimePlanarTexture.window!, 0);
+                const window: RenderWindow = probe.realtimePlanarTexture!.window!;
+                buildReflectionProbeRes(ppl, probe, window, 0);
             } else if (EDITOR) {
                 for (let faceIdx = 0; faceIdx < probe.bakedCubeTextures.length; faceIdx++) {
                     probe.updateCameraDir(faceIdx);
@@ -366,10 +422,20 @@ function buildReflectProbePass (ppl: BasicPipeline, info: CameraInfo, probe: Ref
     const probePass = ppl.addRenderPass(width, height, 'default');
     probePass.name = `ReflectionProbePass${faceIdx}`;
     probePass.setViewport(new Viewport(0, 0, width, height));
-    probePass.addRenderTarget(probePassRTName, getLoadOpOfClearFlag(probeCamera.clearFlag, AttachmentType.RENDER_TARGET),
-        StoreOp.STORE, new Color(probeCamera.clearColor.x, probeCamera.clearColor.y, probeCamera.clearColor.z, probeCamera.clearColor.w));
-    probePass.addDepthStencil(probePassDSName, getLoadOpOfClearFlag(probeCamera.clearFlag, AttachmentType.DEPTH_STENCIL),
-        StoreOp.STORE, probeCamera.clearDepth, probeCamera.clearStencil, probeCamera.clearFlag);
+    probePass.addRenderTarget(
+        probePassRTName,
+        getLoadOpOfClearFlag(probeCamera.clearFlag, AttachmentType.RENDER_TARGET),
+        StoreOp.STORE,
+        new Color(probeCamera.clearColor.x, probeCamera.clearColor.y, probeCamera.clearColor.z, probeCamera.clearColor.w),
+    );
+    probePass.addDepthStencil(
+        probePassDSName,
+        getLoadOpOfClearFlag(probeCamera.clearFlag, AttachmentType.DEPTH_STENCIL),
+        StoreOp.STORE,
+        probeCamera.clearDepth,
+        probeCamera.clearStencil,
+        probeCamera.clearFlag,
+    );
     const passBuilder = probePass.addQueue(QueueHint.RENDER_OPAQUE);
     passBuilder.addSceneOfCamera(info.camera, new LightInfo(), SceneFlags.REFLECTION_PROBE);
     updateCameraUBO(passBuilder as unknown as any, probeCamera, ppl);
@@ -380,10 +446,11 @@ export function setupReflectionProbePass (ppl: BasicPipeline, info: CameraInfo):
     const probes = cclegacy.internal.reflectionProbeManager.getProbes();
     if (probes.length === 0) return;
     for (let i = 0; i < probes.length; i++) {
-        const probe = probes[i];
+        const probe = probes[i] as ReflectionProbe;
         if (probe.needRender) {
             if (probes[i].probeType === ProbeType.PLANAR) {
-                buildReflectProbePass(ppl, info, probe, probe.realtimePlanarTexture.window!, 0);
+                const window = probe.realtimePlanarTexture!.window!;
+                buildReflectProbePass(ppl, info, probe, window, 0);
             } else if (EDITOR) {
                 for (let faceIdx = 0; faceIdx < probe.bakedCubeTextures.length; faceIdx++) {
                     probe.updateCameraDir(faceIdx);
@@ -465,8 +532,17 @@ export function setupScenePassTiled (pipeline: BasicPipeline, info: CameraInfo,
     gBufferPass.addRenderTarget(gBufferPassRTName, AccessType.WRITE, '_', LoadOp.CLEAR, StoreOp.DISCARD, emptyColor);
     gBufferPass.addRenderTarget(gBufferPassNormal, AccessType.WRITE, '_', LoadOp.CLEAR, StoreOp.DISCARD, emptyColor);
     gBufferPass.addRenderTarget(gBufferPassEmissive, AccessType.WRITE, '_', LoadOp.CLEAR, StoreOp.DISCARD, emptyColor);
-    gBufferPass.addDepthStencil(gBufferPassDSName, AccessType.WRITE, '_', '_',
-        LoadOp.CLEAR, StoreOp.DISCARD, camera.clearDepth, camera.clearStencil, camera.clearFlag);
+    gBufferPass.addDepthStencil(
+        gBufferPassDSName,
+        AccessType.WRITE,
+        '_',
+        '_',
+        LoadOp.CLEAR,
+        StoreOp.DISCARD,
+        camera.clearDepth,
+        camera.clearStencil,
+        camera.clearFlag,
+    );
     gBufferPass
         .addQueue(QueueHint.RENDER_OPAQUE, 'gbuffer-tiled')
         .addSceneOfCamera(camera, new LightInfo(), SceneFlags.OPAQUE_OBJECT | SceneFlags.CUTOUT_OBJECT);
@@ -494,7 +570,9 @@ export function setupScenePassTiled (pipeline: BasicPipeline, info: CameraInfo,
     const deferredLightingPassRTName = `deferredLightingPassRTName${info.id}`;
     lightingPass.addRenderTarget(deferredLightingPassRTName, AccessType.WRITE, '_', LoadOp.CLEAR, StoreOp.STORE, rtColor);
     lightingPass.addQueue(QueueHint.RENDER_TRANSPARENT, 'deferred-lighting-tiled').addCameraQuad(
-        camera, lightingInfo.deferredLightingMaterial, 1,
+        camera,
+        lightingInfo.deferredLightingMaterial,
+        1,
         SceneFlags.VOLUMETRIC_LIGHTING,
     );
     return { rtName: deferredLightingPassRTName };
@@ -608,7 +686,9 @@ export function setupLightingPass (pipeline: BasicPipeline, info: CameraInfo, us
     lightingClearColor.w = 0;
     lightingPass.addRenderTarget(deferredLightingPassRTName, LoadOp.CLEAR, StoreOp.STORE, lightingClearColor);
     lightingPass.addQueue(QueueHint.RENDER_TRANSPARENT).addCameraQuad(
-        camera, lightingInfo.deferredLightingMaterial, 0,
+        camera,
+        lightingInfo.deferredLightingMaterial,
+        0,
         SceneFlags.VOLUMETRIC_LIGHTING,
     );
     // lightingPass.addQueue(QueueHint.RENDER_TRANSPARENT).addSceneOfCamera(camera, new LightInfo(),
@@ -640,9 +720,11 @@ export function updatePostprocessRes (ppl: BasicPipeline, info: CameraInfo): voi
     ppl.updateDepthStencil(postprocessPassDS, width, height);
 }
 let postInfo: PostInfo;
-export function setupPostprocessPass (ppl: BasicPipeline,
+export function setupPostprocessPass (
+    ppl: BasicPipeline,
     info: CameraInfo,
-    inputTex: string): { rtName: string; dsName: string; } {
+    inputTex: string,
+): { rtName: string; dsName: string; } {
     if (!postInfo) {
         postInfo = new PostInfo();
     }
@@ -665,13 +747,29 @@ export function setupPostprocessPass (ppl: BasicPipeline,
         postClearColor.y = camera.clearColor.y;
         postClearColor.z = camera.clearColor.z;
     }
-    postprocessPass.addRenderTarget(postprocessPassRTName,
-        getLoadOpOfClearFlag(camera.clearFlag, AttachmentType.RENDER_TARGET), StoreOp.STORE, postClearColor);
-    postprocessPass.addDepthStencil(postprocessPassDS,
+    postprocessPass.addRenderTarget(
+        postprocessPassRTName,
+        getLoadOpOfClearFlag(camera.clearFlag, AttachmentType.RENDER_TARGET),
+
+        StoreOp.STORE,
+
+        postClearColor,
+    );
+    postprocessPass.addDepthStencil(
+        postprocessPassDS,
         getLoadOpOfClearFlag(camera.clearFlag, AttachmentType.DEPTH_STENCIL),
-        StoreOp.STORE, camera.clearDepth, camera.clearStencil, camera.clearFlag);
+        StoreOp.STORE,
+
+        camera.clearDepth,
+
+        camera.clearStencil,
+
+        camera.clearFlag,
+    );
     postprocessPass.addQueue(QueueHint.NONE).addCameraQuad(
-        camera, postInfo.postMaterial, 0,
+        camera,
+        postInfo.postMaterial,
+        0,
         SceneFlags.NONE,
     );
     if (getProfilerCamera() === camera) {
@@ -680,8 +778,10 @@ export function setupPostprocessPass (ppl: BasicPipeline,
     return { rtName: postprocessPassRTName, dsName: postprocessPassDS };
 }
 
-export function setupUIRes (ppl: BasicPipeline,
-    info: CameraInfo): void {
+export function setupUIRes (
+    ppl: BasicPipeline,
+    info: CameraInfo,
+): void {
     const camera = info.camera;
     const area = getRenderArea(camera, camera.window.width, camera.window.height);
     const width = area.width;
@@ -693,8 +793,10 @@ export function setupUIRes (ppl: BasicPipeline,
     ppl.addDepthStencil(dsUIAndProfilerPassDSName, Format.DEPTH_STENCIL, width, height, ResourceResidency.MANAGED);
 }
 
-export function updateUIRes (ppl: BasicPipeline,
-    info: CameraInfo): void {
+export function updateUIRes (
+    ppl: BasicPipeline,
+    info: CameraInfo,
+): void {
     const camera = info.camera;
     const area = getRenderArea(camera, camera.window.width, camera.window.height);
     const width = area.width;
@@ -706,8 +808,10 @@ export function updateUIRes (ppl: BasicPipeline,
     ppl.updateDepthStencil(dsUIAndProfilerPassDSName, width, height);
 }
 
-export function setupUIPass (ppl: BasicPipeline,
-    info: CameraInfo): void {
+export function setupUIPass (
+    ppl: BasicPipeline,
+    info: CameraInfo,
+): void {
     const camera = info.camera;
     const area = getRenderArea(camera, camera.window.width, camera.window.height);
     const width = area.width;
@@ -717,14 +821,22 @@ export function setupUIPass (ppl: BasicPipeline,
     const uiAndProfilerPass = ppl.addRenderPass(width, height, 'default');
     uiAndProfilerPass.name = `CameraUIAndProfilerPass${info.id}`;
     uiAndProfilerPass.setViewport(new Viewport(area.x, area.y, width, height));
-    uiAndProfilerPass.addRenderTarget(dsUIAndProfilerPassRTName,
+    uiAndProfilerPass.addRenderTarget(
+        dsUIAndProfilerPassRTName,
         getLoadOpOfClearFlag(camera.clearFlag, AttachmentType.RENDER_TARGET),
         StoreOp.STORE,
-        new Color(camera.clearColor.x, camera.clearColor.y, camera.clearColor.z, camera.clearColor.w));
-    uiAndProfilerPass.addDepthStencil(dsUIAndProfilerPassDSName,
+        new Color(camera.clearColor.x, camera.clearColor.y, camera.clearColor.z, camera.clearColor.w),
+    );
+    uiAndProfilerPass.addDepthStencil(
+        dsUIAndProfilerPassDSName,
         getLoadOpOfClearFlag(camera.clearFlag, AttachmentType.DEPTH_STENCIL),
         StoreOp.STORE,
-        camera.clearDepth, camera.clearStencil, camera.clearFlag);
+        camera.clearDepth,
+
+        camera.clearStencil,
+
+        camera.clearFlag,
+    );
     const sceneFlags = SceneFlags.UI;
     uiAndProfilerPass
         .addQueue(QueueHint.RENDER_TRANSPARENT)
diff --git a/cocos/rendering/render-additive-light-queue.ts b/cocos/rendering/render-additive-light-queue.ts
index ce569f7260e..0b6534f7ccc 100644
--- a/cocos/rendering/render-additive-light-queue.ts
+++ b/cocos/rendering/render-additive-light-queue.ts
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import { Model } from '../render-scene/scene/model';
 import { PipelineStateManager } from './pipeline-state-manager';
 import { Vec3, nextPow2, Mat4, Color, Pool, geometry, cclegacy } from '../core';
 import { Device, RenderPass, Buffer, BufferUsageBit, MemoryUsageBit,
-    BufferInfo, BufferViewInfo, CommandBuffer } from '../gfx';
+    BufferInfo, BufferViewInfo, CommandBuffer, deviceManager } from '../gfx';
 import { RenderInstancedQueue } from './render-instanced-queue';
 import { SphereLight } from '../render-scene/scene/sphere-light';
 import { SpotLight } from '../render-scene/scene/spot-light';
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ export class RenderAdditiveLightQueue {
         const keys = descriptorSetMap.keys;
 
         for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
-            const key = keys[i];
+            const key = keys[i] as Light;
             const descriptorSet = descriptorSetMap.get(key)!;
             if (descriptorSet) {
                 const binding = isEnableEffect() ? getDescBindingFromName('CCShadow') : UBOShadow.BINDING;
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ export class RenderAdditiveLightQueue {
         }
     }
 
-    private _bindForwardAddLight (validPunctualLights, passLayout = 'default'): void {
+    private _bindForwardAddLight(validPunctualLights: Light[], passLayout = 'default'): void {
         const renderObjects = this._pipeline.pipelineSceneData.renderObjects;
         for (let i = 0; i < renderObjects.length; i++) {
             const ro = renderObjects[i];
@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ export class RenderAdditiveLightQueue {
             this._lightBuffer.resize(this._lightBufferStride * this._lightBufferCount);
             this._lightBufferData = new Float32Array(this._lightBufferElementCount * this._lightBufferCount);
 
-            this._firstLightBufferView.initialize(new BufferViewInfo(this._lightBuffer, 0, UBOForwardLight.SIZE));
+            this._firstLightBufferView = deviceManager.gfxDevice.createBuffer(new BufferViewInfo(this._lightBuffer, 0, UBOForwardLight.SIZE));
         }
 
         for (let l = 0, offset = 0; l < validPunctualLights.length; l++, offset += this._lightBufferElementCount) {

From 3287affee995281f0a857ed6defdd9b1d8dec2e8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James Chen <dumganhar@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 8 Sep 2023 17:28:38 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 39/59] Add generate-emsdk-cache.yml (#16229)

---
 .github/workflows/generate-emsdk-cache.yml | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/generate-emsdk-cache.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/generate-emsdk-cache.yml b/.github/workflows/generate-emsdk-cache.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..09b5221a0e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/generate-emsdk-cache.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+name: <Native> Generate Emsdk Cache
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      emsdk_version:
+        description: 'Emsdk version'
+        type: string
+        default: '3.1.45'
+        required: true
+
+jobs:
+  generate_emsdk_cache:
+    name: "Generate Emsdk cache"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup emsdk
+        uses: dumganhar/setup-emsdk@997d2cde2deabda085a11f98e86e842915b0e846
+        with:
+          version: ${{ github.event.inputs.emsdk_version }}
+          actions-cache-folder: 'emsdk-cache'
+
+      - name: Verify
+        run: |
+          which emcc
+          emcc -v
\ No newline at end of file

From 322875ef394f2d8c2d1c5d593b0e6e41563fb15b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James Chen <dumganhar@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 8 Sep 2023 18:04:38 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 40/59] Enable gfx-webgpu ci by default and fix some warnings
 in gfx-webgpu code (#16231)

* Fix some warnings of gfx-webgpu.

* Move gfx-webgpu compilation to another yml

* Update CMakeLists.txt

* Update webgpu yml

* Fix a mistake in native-compile-webgpu.yml

* Remove unused `#pragma once` for WGPUEMSImpl.cpp
---
 .../workflows/native-compile-platforms.yml    | 30 ---------
 .github/workflows/native-compile-webgpu.yml   | 64 +++++++++++++++++++
 native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/CMakeLists.txt |  8 ++-
 .../renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUCommandBuffer.h     |  4 +-
 .../cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUEMSImpl.cpp   |  1 -
 native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUSampler.h  |  2 +-
 native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUUtils.h    |  2 +
 7 files changed, 74 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/native-compile-webgpu.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/native-compile-platforms.yml b/.github/workflows/native-compile-platforms.yml
index 450fe8be416..e17a552204b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/native-compile-platforms.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/native-compile-platforms.yml
@@ -512,33 +512,3 @@ jobs:
               cmake --build . --config Debug --  -jobs $NUM_OF_CORES CODE_SIGNING_REQUIRED=NO CODE_SIGNING_ALLOWED=NO
           fi
           echo "Compile iOS Done!"
-
-  compile_wgpu_mac:
-    name: "Emscripten"
-    runs-on: macos-latest
-    if: contains( github.event.pull_request.title, 'WGPU_CI_ON' )
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      - name: Download external libraries
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          EXT_VERSION=`node ./.github/workflows/get-native-external-version.js`
-          git clone --branch $EXT_VERSION --depth 1 https://github.com/cocos/cocos-engine-external native/external
-      - name: Setup Emscripten
-        run: |
-          NATIVE_ROOT=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/native
-          git clone https://github.com/emscripten-core/emsdk.git NATIVE_ROOT/../../emsdk
-          cd NATIVE_ROOT/../../emsdk
-          ./emsdk install 3.1.17
-          ./emsdk activate 3.1.17
-          source ./emsdk_env.sh
-          emcc -v
-      - name: Compile
-        env:
-          COCOS_ENGINE_DEV: 1
-        run: |
-          NATIVE_ROOT=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/native
-          cd $NATIVE_ROOT/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu
-          $NATIVE_ROOT/../../emsdk/upstream/emscripten/emcmake cmake .
-          $NATIVE_ROOT/../../emsdk/upstream/emscripten/emmake make
-          echo "Compile WGPU by ems on MacOS Done!"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/native-compile-webgpu.yml b/.github/workflows/native-compile-webgpu.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8ba473b42e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/native-compile-webgpu.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+name: <Native> Compile WebGPU
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+    - 'native/external-config.json'
+    - 'native/cocos/base/**'
+    - 'native/cocos/renderer/gfx-base/**'
+    - 'native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/**'
+    - 'native/cocos/renderer/gfx-validator/**'
+    - 'native/cocos/renderer/gfx-empty/**'
+    - '.github/workflows/native-compile-webgpu.yml'
+
+# github.head_ref is only defined on pull_request events
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.actor }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  compile_wgpu:
+    name: "Emscripten"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+      - name: Download external libraries
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          EXT_VERSION=`node ./.github/workflows/get-native-external-version.js`
+          git clone --branch $EXT_VERSION --depth 1 https://github.com/cocos/cocos-engine-external native/external
+
+      - name: Setup emsdk
+        uses: dumganhar/setup-emsdk@997d2cde2deabda085a11f98e86e842915b0e846
+        with:
+          version: 3.1.45
+          actions-cache-folder: 'emsdk-cache'
+
+      - name: Verify
+        run: |
+          which emcc
+          emcc -v
+
+      - name: Install ninja
+        run: |
+          if ! command -v ninja &> /dev/null; then
+              echo "Ninja not found, installing..."
+              # sudo apt update
+              sudo apt install ninja-build
+          else
+              echo "Ninja is already installed."
+          fi
+          which ninja
+
+      - name: Compile
+        # env:
+        #   COCOS_ENGINE_DEV: 1
+        run: |
+          NATIVE_ROOT=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/native
+          cd $NATIVE_ROOT/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu
+          mkdir build
+          cd build
+          cmake .. -GNinja -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${EMSDK}/upstream/emscripten/cmake/Modules/Platform/Emscripten.cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug
+          ninja
+          echo "============== Compile WGPU by ems on Ubuntu Done! =============="
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/CMakeLists.txt b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/CMakeLists.txt
index 2881f3643cd..f828214a099 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -14,9 +14,11 @@ include(${ENGINE_ROOT_DIR}/cmake/predefine.cmake)
 
 include (${ENGINE_ROOT_DIR}/external/CMakeLists.txt)
 
-set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++17  -Wextra -Wno-nonportable-include-path -fno-exceptions -v -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_CXX17_REMOVED_FEATURES=D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_CXX17_REMOVED_FEATURES")
-set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG} -Wall -g3 -D_DEBUG=1 -Wno-unused -O0 -std=c++17 -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_CXX17_REMOVED_FEATURES")
-set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE} -w -DNDEBUG=1 -O3 -std=c++17 -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_CXX17_REMOVED_FEATURES")
+add_definitions(-DBOOST_NO_CXX98_FUNCTION_BASE)
+
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++17 -Wno-nonportable-include-path -fno-exceptions")
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG} -g3 -D_DEBUG=1 -Wno-unused -O0 -std=c++17")
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE} -DNDEBUG=1 -O3 -std=c++17")
 
 message(${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE})
 
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUCommandBuffer.h b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUCommandBuffer.h
index d52ee6e23cd..175c81a4b62 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUCommandBuffer.h
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUCommandBuffer.h
@@ -96,8 +96,8 @@ class CCWGPUCommandBuffer final : public CommandBuffer {
         void updateBuffer(Buffer *buff, const emscripten::val &v, uint32_t size);)
 
 protected:
-    virtual void doInit(const CommandBufferInfo &info);
-    virtual void doDestroy();
+    void doInit(const CommandBufferInfo &info) override;
+    void doDestroy() override;
 
     // delay binding.
     void bindStates();
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUEMSImpl.cpp b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUEMSImpl.cpp
index 44160fec98b..354ac4f3825 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUEMSImpl.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUEMSImpl.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
  THE SOFTWARE.
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#pragma once
 #include <emscripten/bind.h>
 #include <emscripten/val.h>
 #include <boost/preprocessor/cat.hpp>
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUSampler.h b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUSampler.h
index 438846f582f..26911f1d774 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUSampler.h
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUSampler.h
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 #endif
 #include "gfx-base/states/GFXSampler.h"
 
-#include "WGPUobject.h"
+#include "WGPUObject.h"
 
 namespace cc {
 namespace gfx {
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUUtils.h b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUUtils.h
index eb3e7839a36..a593e062802 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUUtils.h
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUUtils.h
@@ -168,6 +168,7 @@ static WGPUTextureSampleType textureSampleTypeTrait(Format format) {
             return WGPUTextureSampleType::WGPUTextureSampleType_Depth;
         default:
             printf("unsupport texture sample type yet, github@hana-alice to fix.");
+            return WGPUTextureSampleType::WGPUTextureSampleType_Undefined;
     }
 }
 
@@ -525,6 +526,7 @@ static WGPUVertexFormat toWGPUVertexFormat(Format format) {
             return WGPUVertexFormat_Sint32x4;
         default:
             printf("usvf %d\n", format);
+            return WGPUVertexFormat_Undefined;
     }
 }
 

From 794b8b3ccfc585963e6d2cdd4d295016719cfb71 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: troublemaker52025 <troublemaker52025@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 8 Sep 2023 18:53:16 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 41/59] Revert "Resolved error when getting length for Record
 type (#16213)" (#16233)

---
 cocos/render-scene/scene/submodel.ts | 8 +++-----
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cocos/render-scene/scene/submodel.ts b/cocos/render-scene/scene/submodel.ts
index 66a026c2fb8..a1e51f42617 100644
--- a/cocos/render-scene/scene/submodel.ts
+++ b/cocos/render-scene/scene/submodel.ts
@@ -333,12 +333,10 @@ export class SubModel {
         if (!this._globalPatches && pipelinePatches.length === 0) {
             return;
         } else if (pipelinePatches.length) {
-            if (this._globalPatches) {
+            if (this._globalPatches && pipelinePatches.length === this._globalPatches.length) {
                 const globalPatches = Object.entries(this._globalPatches);
-                if (pipelinePatches.length === globalPatches.length) {
-                    const patchesStateUnchanged = JSON.stringify(pipelinePatches.sort()) === JSON.stringify(globalPatches.sort());
-                    if (patchesStateUnchanged) return;
-                }
+                const patchesStateUnchanged = JSON.stringify(pipelinePatches.sort()) === JSON.stringify(globalPatches.sort());
+                if (patchesStateUnchanged) return;
             }
         }
         this._globalPatches = pipeline.macros;

From d7f90a358b01068d30679abab2cecaa48f324578 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James Chen <dumganhar@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 11 Sep 2023 09:37:59 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 42/59] Fix all warnings for gfx-webgpu and add condition
 control for webgpu ci yml (#16232)

* Fix all warnings for gfx-webgpu

* Update webgpu yml, add condition control
---
 .github/workflows/native-compile-webgpu.yml    |  2 ++
 .../renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDescriptorSet.cpp    |  2 +-
 .../gfx-wgpu/WGPUDescriptorSetLayout.cpp       |  4 ++--
 native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDevice.cpp  |  1 +
 native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUUtils.h     | 18 +++++++++---------
 5 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/native-compile-webgpu.yml b/.github/workflows/native-compile-webgpu.yml
index 8ba473b42e3..91b16e6359f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/native-compile-webgpu.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/native-compile-webgpu.yml
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ concurrency:
 
 jobs:
   compile_wgpu:
+    if:
+      (! contains(github.event.pull_request.body, '[X] does not change any runtime related code or build configuration'))
     name: "Emscripten"
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDescriptorSet.cpp b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDescriptorSet.cpp
index 72a79fdca36..b378027fce3 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDescriptorSet.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDescriptorSet.cpp
@@ -301,8 +301,8 @@ void *CCWGPUDescriptorSet::defaultBindGroup() {
         WGPUBindGroupEntry bufferEntry = {
             .binding = 0,
             .buffer = buffer->gpuBufferObject()->wgpuBuffer,
-            .size = buffer->getSize(),
             .offset = buffer->getOffset(),
+            .size = buffer->getSize(),
         };
 
         WGPUBindGroupDescriptor bindGroupDesc = {
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDescriptorSetLayout.cpp b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDescriptorSetLayout.cpp
index 2708ecca1cc..9b2c5aa7101 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDescriptorSetLayout.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDescriptorSetLayout.cpp
@@ -190,9 +190,9 @@ void CCWGPUDescriptorSetLayout::print() const {
             1) {
             printf("******missing %d, %d, %d, %d, %d\n", entry.binding, entry.buffer.type, entry.sampler.type, entry.texture.sampleType, entry.storageTexture.access);
         }
-        printf("%d, %d, %d\n", entry.binding, entry.visibility, entries.size());
+        printf("%d, %d, %d\n", entry.binding, entry.visibility, static_cast<int>(entries.size()));
         if (entry.buffer.type != WGPUBufferBindingType_Undefined) {
-            printf("b %d %d %d\n", entry.buffer.type, entry.buffer.hasDynamicOffset ? 1 : 0, entry.buffer.minBindingSize);
+            printf("b %d %d %llu\n", entry.buffer.type, entry.buffer.hasDynamicOffset ? 1 : 0, entry.buffer.minBindingSize);
         }
         if (entry.sampler.type != WGPUSamplerBindingType_Undefined) {
             printf("s %d\n", entry.sampler.type);
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDevice.cpp b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDevice.cpp
index f824acbbbc9..314cbb349c0 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDevice.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUDevice.cpp
@@ -443,6 +443,7 @@ emscripten::val CCWGPUDevice::copyTextureToBuffers(Texture *src, const BufferTex
     // }
     // // wgpuBufferRelease(buffer);
     // return *bufferMapData->retBuffer;
+    return emscripten::val::undefined();
 }
 
 void CCWGPUDevice::copyTextureToBuffers(Texture *src, uint8_t *const *buffers, const BufferTextureCopy *region, uint32_t count) {
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUUtils.h b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUUtils.h
index a593e062802..7232861d87a 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUUtils.h
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUUtils.h
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ static WGPUTextureDimension toWGPUTextureDimension(TextureType type) {
         case TextureType::TEX3D:
             return WGPUTextureDimension::WGPUTextureDimension_3D;
         default:
-            printf("unsupport type %d.", type);
+            printf("Unsupport type: %d\n", static_cast<int>(type));
             return WGPUTextureDimension::WGPUTextureDimension_Force32;
     }
 }
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ static WGPUTextureViewDimension toWGPUTextureViewDimension(TextureType type) {
         case TextureType::TEX3D:
             return WGPUTextureViewDimension::WGPUTextureViewDimension_3D;
         default:
-            printf("unsupport type %d.", type);
+            printf("Unsupport type %d\n", static_cast<int>(type));
             return WGPUTextureViewDimension::WGPUTextureViewDimension_Undefined;
     }
 }
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ static WGPUTextureSampleType textureSampleTypeTrait(Format format) {
         case Format::DEPTH:
             return WGPUTextureSampleType::WGPUTextureSampleType_Depth;
         default:
-            printf("unsupport texture sample type yet, github@hana-alice to fix.");
+            printf("Unsupport texture sample type yet, github@hana-alice to fix.\n");
             return WGPUTextureSampleType::WGPUTextureSampleType_Undefined;
     }
 }
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ static WGPUTextureFormat toWGPUTextureFormat(Format format) {
         case Format::BC7_SRGB:
             return WGPUTextureFormat::WGPUTextureFormat_BC7RGBAUnormSrgb;
         default:
-            printf("unsupport WebGPU texture format %d\n", format);
+            printf("Unsupport WebGPU texture format %d\n", static_cast<int>(format));
             return WGPUTextureFormat::WGPUTextureFormat_Force32;
     }
 }
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ static WGPUCompareFunction toWGPUCompareFunction(ComparisonFunc compareFunc) {
         case ComparisonFunc::ALWAYS:
             return WGPUCompareFunction::WGPUCompareFunction_Always;
         default:
-            printf("unsupport compareFunc: %d", compareFunc);
+            printf("Unsupport compareFunc: %d\n", static_cast<int>(compareFunc));
             return WGPUCompareFunction::WGPUCompareFunction_Force32;
     }
 }
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ static WGPUShaderStageFlags toWGPUShaderStageFlag(ShaderStageFlagBit flag) {
     }
 
     if (result == WGPUShaderStage_None) {
-        printf("unsupport shader stage detected");
+        printf("Unsupport shader stage detected\n");
     }
     return result;
 }
@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ static WGPUVertexFormat toWGPUVertexFormat(Format format) {
         case Format::RGBA32I:
             return WGPUVertexFormat_Sint32x4;
         default:
-            printf("usvf %d\n", format);
+            printf("usvf %d\n", static_cast<int>(format));
             return WGPUVertexFormat_Undefined;
     }
 }
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ static WGPUPrimitiveTopology toWGPUPrimTopology(PrimitiveMode mode) {
         case PrimitiveMode::TRIANGLE_STRIP:
             return WGPUPrimitiveTopology_TriangleStrip;
         default:
-            printf("unsupport primitive topology.");
+            printf("Unsupport primitive topology.\n");
             return WGPUPrimitiveTopology_Force32;
     }
 }
@@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ static WGPUBlendFactor toWGPUBlendFactor(BlendFactor blendFactor) {
         case BlendFactor::ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_COLOR:
             return WGPUBlendFactor::WGPUBlendFactor_OneMinusConstant;
         default:
-            printf("unsupport blend factor config %d\n", blendFactor);
+            printf("Unsupport blend factor config %d\n", static_cast<int>(blendFactor));
             return WGPUBlendFactor::WGPUBlendFactor_Force32;
     }
 }

From 290746adb0889e63ba2e23ce9e42af7db252fbb9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: qiuguohua <qiuguohua111@126.com>
Date: Mon, 11 Sep 2023 15:07:02 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 43/59] Fixed the problem of incorrect display position of the
 emulator. (#16238)

---
 native/cocos/platform/mac/View.h                 |  2 +-
 native/cocos/platform/mac/View.mm                | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 .../cocos/platform/mac/modules/SystemWindow.mm   |  6 +++---
 3 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/native/cocos/platform/mac/View.h b/native/cocos/platform/mac/View.h
index 2e9cec833c3..adc21ab9d94 100644
--- a/native/cocos/platform/mac/View.h
+++ b/native/cocos/platform/mac/View.h
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 #import <MetalKit/MetalKit.h>
 
 @interface View : NSView <CALayerDelegate>
-
+- (int)getWindowId;
 @property (nonatomic, assign) id<MTLDevice> device;
 
 @end
diff --git a/native/cocos/platform/mac/View.mm b/native/cocos/platform/mac/View.mm
index 31b631a5e05..160d2fa2410 100644
--- a/native/cocos/platform/mac/View.mm
+++ b/native/cocos/platform/mac/View.mm
@@ -35,6 +35,20 @@ of this software and associated engine source code (the "Software"), a limited,
 #import "platform/mac/modules/SystemWindow.h"
 #import "platform/mac/modules/SystemWindowManager.h"
 
+#include "SDL2/SDL.h"
+
+static int MetalViewEventWatch(void* userData, SDL_Event*event) {
+    if (event->type == SDL_WINDOWEVENT && event->window.event == SDL_WINDOWEVENT_SIZE_CHANGED) {
+        @autoreleasepool {
+            auto *view = (__bridge View *)userData;
+            if ([view getWindowId] == event->window.windowID) {
+                [view viewDidChangeBackingProperties];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
 @implementation View {
     cc::MouseEvent _mouseEvent;
     cc::KeyboardEvent _keyboardEvent;
@@ -50,6 +64,8 @@ - (CALayer *)makeBackingLayer {
 
 - (instancetype)initWithFrame:(NSRect)frameRect {
     if (self = [super initWithFrame:frameRect]) {
+        // View is used as a subview, so the resize message needs to be handled manually.
+        SDL_AddEventWatch(MetalViewEventWatch, (__bridge void*)(self));
         [self.window makeFirstResponder:self];
         int pixelRatio = [[NSScreen mainScreen] backingScaleFactor];
         CGSize size = CGSizeMake(frameRect.size.width * pixelRatio, frameRect.size.height * pixelRatio);
diff --git a/native/cocos/platform/mac/modules/SystemWindow.mm b/native/cocos/platform/mac/modules/SystemWindow.mm
index 42a4ed8ad8b..310082a1bfd 100644
--- a/native/cocos/platform/mac/modules/SystemWindow.mm
+++ b/native/cocos/platform/mac/modules/SystemWindow.mm
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 
 #include "platform/mac/modules/SystemWindow.h"
 #include "platform/mac/View.h"
+
 #include "base/Log.h"
 #include "base/Macros.h"
 
@@ -57,15 +58,14 @@ of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 void SystemWindow::initWindowProperty(SDL_Window* window, const char *title, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
     CC_ASSERT(window != nullptr);
     auto* nsWindow = reinterpret_cast<NSWindow*>(SDLHelper::getWindowHandle(window));
-    NSRect rect = NSMakeRect(x, y, w, h);
     NSString *astring = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:title];
     nsWindow.title = astring;
+    // contentView is created internally by sdl.
     NSView *view = nsWindow.contentView;
-    auto* newView = [[View alloc] initWithFrame:rect];
+    auto* newView = [[View alloc] initWithFrame:view.frame];
     [view addSubview:newView];
     [nsWindow.contentView setWantsBestResolutionOpenGLSurface:YES];
     [nsWindow makeKeyAndOrderFront:nil];
-    
     _windowHandle = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(nsWindow.contentView) ;
 
     auto dpr = [nsWindow backingScaleFactor];

From 8a6c212c82a7ffb548ad81460125ce01672d9107 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zeqiang Li <zeqiang-li@outlook.com>
Date: Mon, 11 Sep 2023 17:31:43 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 44/59] update web pipeline for webgpu (#16207)

---
 cocos/gfx/webgpu/webgpu-define.ts             | 507 +++++++-----------
 cocos/rendering/custom/compiler.ts            |  72 ++-
 cocos/rendering/custom/define.ts              |  10 +-
 cocos/rendering/custom/executor.ts            | 499 +++++++++++++++--
 cocos/rendering/custom/render-graph.ts        |  48 +-
 cocos/rendering/custom/web-pipeline.ts        |  72 ++-
 cocos/rendering/custom/web-program-library.ts | 401 +++++++++-----
 cocos/webgpu/instantiated.ts                  |  14 +-
 .../chunks/common/math/coordinates.chunk      |   2 +-
 .../legacy/shading-cluster-additive.chunk     |   2 +-
 .../effects/pipeline/cluster-culling.effect   |  14 +-
 native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/CMakeLists.txt |   2 +-
 native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUExports.h  |   3 +-
 .../renderer/pipeline/ClusterLightCulling.h   |   2 +-
 14 files changed, 1114 insertions(+), 534 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cocos/gfx/webgpu/webgpu-define.ts b/cocos/gfx/webgpu/webgpu-define.ts
index 73283fd0868..155206bef17 100644
--- a/cocos/gfx/webgpu/webgpu-define.ts
+++ b/cocos/gfx/webgpu/webgpu-define.ts
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 */
 
 import { WEBGPU } from 'internal:constants';
-import { gfx, webgpuAdapter, glslalgWasmModule, promiseForWebGPUInstantiation } from '../../webgpu/instantiated';
+import { gfx, webgpuAdapter, glslangWasmModule, promiseForWebGPUInstantiation, spirvOptModule, twgslModule } from '../../webgpu/instantiated';
 import {
     Texture, CommandBuffer, DescriptorSet, Device, InputAssembler, Buffer, Shader
 } from './override';
@@ -197,339 +197,157 @@ WEBGPU && promiseForWebGPUInstantiation.then(() => {
         oldDeviceCopyBuffersToTexture.call(this, buffers, texture, regions);
     };
 
-    function seperateCombinedSamplerTexture (shaderSource: string) {
-        // sampler and texture
-        const samplerTexturArr = shaderSource.match(/(.*?)\(set = \d+, binding = \d+\) uniform(.*?)sampler\w* \w+;/g);
-        const count = samplerTexturArr?.length ? samplerTexturArr?.length : 0;
-        let code = shaderSource;
+    const SEPARATE_SAMPLER_BINDING_OFFSET = 16;
+    function seperateCombinedSamplerTexture(shaderSource: string) {
+        // gather
+        let samplerReg = /.*?(\(set = \d+, binding = )(\d+)\) uniform[^;]+sampler(\w*) (\w+);/g;
+        let iter = samplerReg.exec(shaderSource);
+        // samplerName, samplerType
+        const referredMap = new Map<string, string>();
+        while (iter) {
+            const samplerName = iter[4];
+            const samplerType = iter[3];
+            referredMap.set(samplerName, samplerType);
+            iter = samplerReg.exec(shaderSource);
+        }
 
-        const referredFuncMap = new Map<string, [fnName: string, samplerType: string, samplerName: string]>();
-        const samplerSet = new Set<string>();
-        samplerTexturArr?.every((str) => {
-            // `(?<=)` not compatible with str.match on safari.
-            // let textureName = str.match(/(?<=uniform(.*?)sampler\w* )(\w+)(?=;)/g)!.toString();
-            const textureNameRegExpStr = '(?<=uniform(.*?)sampler\\w* )(\\w+)(?=;)';
-            let textureName = (new RegExp(textureNameRegExpStr, 'g')).exec(str)![0];
-
-            let samplerStr = str.replace(textureName, `${textureName}Sampler`);
-
-            // let samplerFunc = samplerStr.match(/(?<=uniform(.*?))sampler(\w*)/g)!.toString();
-            const samplerRegExpStr = '(?<=uniform(.*?))sampler(\\w*)';
-            let samplerFunc = (new RegExp(samplerRegExpStr, 'g')).exec(str)![0];
-            samplerFunc = samplerFunc.replace('sampler', '');
-            if (samplerFunc === '') {
-                textureName = textureName.replace('Sampler', '');
-            } else {
-                const samplerReplaceReg = new RegExp('(?<=uniform(.*?))(sampler\\w*)', 'g');
-                samplerStr = samplerStr.replace(samplerReplaceReg, 'sampler');
-
-                // layout (set = a, binding = b) uniform sampler2D cctex;
-                // to:
-                // layout (set = a, binding = b) uniform sampler cctexSampler;
-                // layout (set = a, binding = b + maxTextureNum) uniform texture2D cctex;
-                const samplerReg = new RegExp('(?<=binding = )(\\d+)(?=\\))', 'g');
-                const samplerBindingStr = samplerReg.exec(str)![0];
-                const samplerBinding = Number(samplerBindingStr) + 16;
-                samplerStr = samplerStr.replace(samplerReg, samplerBinding.toString());
-
-                const textureReg = new RegExp('(?<=uniform(.*?))(sampler)(?=\\w*)', 'g');
-                const textureStr = str.replace(textureReg, 'texture');
-                code = code.replace(str, `${textureStr}\n${samplerStr}`);
-            }
+        // replaceAll --> es 2021 required
+        let code = shaderSource;
+        // referredMap.forEach((value, key)=> {
+        //     const samplerName = key;
+        //     const samplerType = value;
+        //     const exp = new RegExp(`\\b${samplerName}\\b([^;])`);
+        //     let it = exp.exec(code);
+        //     while (it) {
+        //         code = code.replace(exp, `sampler${samplerType}(_${samplerName}, _${samplerName}_sampler)${it[1]}`);
+        //         it = exp.exec(code);
+        //     }
+        // });
+        let sampReg = /.*?(\(set = \d+, binding = )(\d+)\) uniform[^;]+sampler(\w*) (\w+);/g;
+        let it = sampReg.exec(code);
+        while (it) {
+            code = code.replace(sampReg, `layout$1 $2) uniform texture$3 $4;\nlayout$1 $2 + ${SEPARATE_SAMPLER_BINDING_OFFSET}) uniform sampler $4_sampler;\n`);
+            it = sampReg.exec(code);
+        }
 
-            if (!samplerSet.has(`${textureName}Sampler`)) {
-                samplerSet.add(`${textureName}Sampler`);
-                // gathering referred func
-                let referredFuncStr = `([\\w]+)[\\s]*\\([0-9a-zA-Z_\\s,]*?sampler${samplerFunc}[^\\)]+\\)[\\s]*{`;
-                if (samplerFunc === '') {
-                    referredFuncStr = `([\\w]+)[\\s]*\\([0-9a-zA-Z_\\s,]*?sampler([\\S]+)[^\\)]+\\)[\\s]*{`;
+        const builtinSample = ['texture', 'textureSize', 'texelFetch', 'textureLod'];
+        const replaceBultin = function (samplerName: string, samplerType: string, target: string) {
+            builtinSample.forEach((sampleFunc) => {
+                const builtinSampleReg = new RegExp(`${sampleFunc}\\s*\\(\\s*${samplerName}\\s*,`);
+                let builtinFuncIter = builtinSampleReg.exec(target);
+                while (builtinFuncIter) {
+                    target = target.replace(builtinFuncIter[0], `${sampleFunc}(sampler${samplerType}(${samplerName}, ${samplerName}_sampler),`);
+                    builtinFuncIter = builtinSampleReg.exec(target);
                 }
-                const referredFuncRe = new RegExp(referredFuncStr, 'g');
-                let reArr = referredFuncRe.exec(code);
-                while (reArr) {
-                    // first to see if it's wrapped by #if 0 \n ... \n #ndif
-                    let smpFunc = samplerFunc;
-                    if (smpFunc === '') {
-                        smpFunc = reArr[2];
-                    }
-                    const searchTarget = code.slice(0, reArr.index);
-                    const defValQueue: { str: string, b: boolean, condition: RegExpExecArray }[] = [];
-                    let searchIndex = 1;
-
-                    while (searchIndex > 0) {
-                        let ifIndex = searchTarget.indexOf('#if', searchIndex);
-                        let elseIndex = searchTarget.indexOf('#else', searchIndex);
-                        let endIndex = searchTarget.indexOf('#endif', searchIndex);
-
-                        if (ifIndex === -1 && elseIndex === -1 && endIndex === -1) {
-                            break;
-                        }
-
-                        if (ifIndex === -1) ifIndex = Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
-                        if (elseIndex === -1) elseIndex = Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
-                        if (endIndex === -1) endIndex = Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
-
-                        // next start with '#' is #if(def)
-                        if (ifIndex < elseIndex && ifIndex < endIndex) {
-                            const ifdef = (new RegExp(`#if(def)?[\\s]+(!)?([\\S]+)([\\s+]?(==)?(!=)[\\s+]?([\\S]+))?`, 'gm')).exec(searchTarget.slice(ifIndex))!;
-                            defValQueue[defValQueue.length] = { str: ifdef[3], b: true, condition: ifdef };
-                            searchIndex = ifIndex + 1;
-                            continue;
-                        }
-
-                        if (elseIndex < endIndex && elseIndex < ifIndex) {
-                            defValQueue[defValQueue.length - 1].b = false;
-                            searchIndex = elseIndex + 1;
-                            continue;
-                        }
+            });
+            return target;
+        }
 
-                        if (endIndex < elseIndex && endIndex < ifIndex) {
-                            defValQueue.pop();
-                            searchIndex = endIndex + 1;
-                            continue;
-                        }
+        let funcReg = /\s([\S]+)\s*\(([\w\s,]+)\)[\s|\\|n]*{/g;
+        let funcIter = funcReg.exec(code);
+        const funcSet = new Set<string>();
+        const paramTypeMap = new Map<string, string>();
+        while (funcIter) {
+            paramTypeMap.clear();
+
+            const params = funcIter[2];
+            let paramsRes = params.slice();
+            if (params.includes('sampler')) {
+                const paramIndexSet = new Set<number>();
+                const paramArr = params.split(',');
+
+                for (let i = 0; i < paramArr.length; ++i) {
+                    const paramDecl = paramArr[i].split(' ');
+                    // assert(paramDecl.length >= 2)
+                    const typeDecl = paramDecl[paramDecl.length - 2];
+                    if (typeDecl.includes('sampler') && typeDecl !== 'sampler') {
+                        const samplerType = typeDecl.replace('sampler', '');
+                        const paramName = paramDecl[paramDecl.length - 1];
+                        paramsRes = paramsRes.replace(paramArr[i], ` texture${samplerType} ${paramName}, sampler ${paramName}_sampler`);
+                        paramIndexSet.add(i);
+                        paramTypeMap.set(paramName, samplerType);
                     }
-
-                    let defCheck = true;
-                    for (let i = 0; i < defValQueue.length; i++) {
-                        const ifdef = defValQueue[i].condition;
-                        let evalRes = false;
-                        if (ifdef[1]) {
-                            evalRes = !!(new RegExp(`#define[\\s]+${ifdef[3]}`, 'gm')).exec(searchTarget);
-                        } else {
-                            const defVal = (new RegExp(`#define[\\s]+${ifdef[3]}[\\s]+([\\S]+).*`, 'gm')).exec(searchTarget)![1];
-                            if (ifdef[4]) {
-                                const conditionVal = ifdef[7];
-                                evalRes = ifdef[5] ? defVal === conditionVal : defVal !== conditionVal;
-                            } else if (ifdef[3]) {
-                                evalRes = (defVal !== '0' && !ifdef[2]);
+                }
+                // let singleParamReg = new RegExp(`(\\W?)(\\w+)\\s+\\b([^,)]+)\\b`);
+
+                code = code.replace(params, paramsRes);
+
+                const funcName = funcIter[1];
+                // function may overload
+                if (!funcSet.has(funcName)) {
+                    // const samplerTypePrefix = '1D|2D|3D|Cube|Buffer';
+                    const funcSamplerReg = new RegExp(`${funcName}\\s*?\\((\\s*[^;\\{]+)`, 'g');
+                    const matches = code.matchAll(funcSamplerReg);
+                    for (let matched of matches) {
+                        if (!matched[1].match(/\b\w+\b\s*\b\w+\b/g)) {
+                            const stripStr = matched[1][matched[1].length - 1] === ')' ? matched[1].slice(0, -1) : matched[1];
+                            let params = stripStr.split(',');
+                            let queued = 0; // '('
+                            let paramIndex = 0;
+                            for (let i = 0; i < params.length; ++i) {
+                                if (params[i].includes('(')) {
+                                    ++queued;
+                                }
+                                if (params[i].includes(')')) {
+                                    --queued;
+                                }
+
+                                if (!queued || i === params.length - 1) {
+                                    if (paramIndexSet.has(paramIndex)) {
+                                        params[i] += `, ${params[i]}_sampler`;
+                                    }
+                                    ++paramIndex;
+                                }
                             }
+                            const newParams = params.join(',');
+                            const newInvokeStr = matched[0].replace(stripStr, newParams);
+                            code = code.replace(matched[0], newInvokeStr);
                         }
-
-                        if (defValQueue[i].b !== evalRes) {
-                            defCheck = false;
-                            break;
-                        }
+                        // else: function declare
                     }
-
-                    const key = `${reArr[1]}_${smpFunc}_${textureName}Sampler`;
-                    if (!referredFuncMap.has(key) && defCheck) {
-                        referredFuncMap.set(key, [reArr[1], smpFunc, `${textureName}Sampler`]);
-                    }
-                    reArr = referredFuncRe.exec(code);
                 }
-            }
 
-            // cctex in main() called directly
-            // .*?texture\(
-            const regStr = `texture\\(\\b(${textureName})\\b`;
-            const re = new RegExp(regStr);
-            let reArr = re.exec(code);
-            while (reArr) {
-                code = code.replace(re, `texture(sampler${samplerFunc}(${textureName},${textureName}Sampler)`);
-                reArr = re.exec(code);
-            }
-            return true;
-        });
-
-        const functionTemplates = new Map<string, string>();
-        const functionDeps = new Map<string, string[]>();
-        let forwardDecls = '';
-        // function
-        referredFuncMap.forEach((pair) => {
-            //pre: if existed, replace
-            //getVec3DisplacementFromTexture\(cc_TangentDisplacements[^\\n]+
-            const textureStr = pair[2].slice(0, -7);
-            const codePieceStr = `${pair[0]}\\((.*?)${textureStr}[^\\n]+`;
-            const codePieceRe = new RegExp(codePieceStr);
-            let res = codePieceRe.exec(code);
-            while (res) {
-                let replaceStr = res[0].replace(`${pair[0]}(`, `${pair[0]}_${pair[1]}_${pair[2]}_specialized(`);
-                replaceStr = replaceStr.replace(`${textureStr},`, '');
-                code = code.replace(codePieceRe, replaceStr);
-                res = codePieceRe.exec(code);
-            }
-
-            // 1. fn definition
-            const fnDeclReStr = `[\\n|\\W][\\w]+[\\W]+${pair[0]}[\\s]*\\((.*?)sampler${pair[1]}[^{]+`;
-            const fnDeclRe = new RegExp(fnDeclReStr);
-            const fnDecl = fnDeclRe.exec(code);
-
-            let redefFunc = '';
-            if (!functionTemplates.has(`${pair[0]}_${pair[1]}`)) {
-                const funcBodyStart = code.slice(fnDecl!.index);
-
-                const funcRedefine = (funcStr: string) => {
-                    const samplerType = `sampler${pair[1]}`;
-                    const textureRe = (new RegExp(`.*?${samplerType}[\\s]+([\\S]+)[,\\)]`)).exec(funcStr)!;
-                    const textureName = textureRe[1];
-                    const paramReStr = `${samplerType}[\\s]+${textureName}`;
-                    let funcDef = funcStr.replace(new RegExp(paramReStr), `texture${pair[1]} ${textureName}`);
-                    funcDef = funcDef.replace(pair[0], `${pair[0]}SAMPLER_SPEC`);
-                    // 2. texture(...) inside, builtin funcs
-                    const textureOpArr = ['texture', 'textureSize', 'texelFetch', 'textureLod'];
-                    for (let i = 0; i < textureOpArr.length; i++) {
-                        const texFuncReStr = `(${textureOpArr[i]})\\(${textureName},`;
-                        const texFuncRe = new RegExp(texFuncReStr, 'g');
-                        funcDef = funcDef.replace(texFuncRe, `$1(${samplerType}(${textureName}TEXTURE_HOLDER, ${textureName}SAMPLER_HOLDER),`);
-                    }
-                    return funcDef;
-                };
-
-                const firstIfStatement = funcBodyStart.indexOf('#if');
-                const firstElseStatement = funcBodyStart.indexOf('#e'); //#endif, #else, #elif maybe?
-                if ((firstElseStatement !== -1 && firstIfStatement > firstElseStatement) || (firstElseStatement === -1 && firstElseStatement !== -1)) { // ooops, now func body starts in a #if statement.
-                    let startIndex = 0;
-                    let count = 1; // already in #if
-                    while (count > 0 && startIndex < funcBodyStart.length) {
-                        const nextSymbolIdx = funcBodyStart.indexOf('#', startIndex);
-                        const startSliceIdx = startIndex === 0 ? startIndex : startIndex - 1;
-                        if (funcBodyStart[nextSymbolIdx + 1] === 'i') { // #if
-                            count++;
-                            redefFunc += funcBodyStart.slice(startSliceIdx, nextSymbolIdx);
-                        } else if (funcBodyStart[nextSymbolIdx + 1] === 'e' && funcBodyStart[nextSymbolIdx + 2] === 'l') { //#elif, #else
-                            if (count === 1) {
-                                const tempFuncStr = funcBodyStart.slice(startSliceIdx, nextSymbolIdx - 1);
-                                const funcDefStr = funcRedefine(tempFuncStr);
-                                redefFunc += `\n${funcDefStr}`;
-                            } else {
-                                redefFunc += `\n${funcBodyStart.slice(startSliceIdx, nextSymbolIdx)}`;
-                            }
-                        } else if (funcBodyStart[nextSymbolIdx + 1] === 'e' && funcBodyStart[nextSymbolIdx + 2] === 'n') { //#endif
-                            count--;
-                            if (count === 0) {
-                                const tempFuncStr = funcBodyStart.slice(startSliceIdx, nextSymbolIdx - 1);
-                                const funcDefStr = funcRedefine(tempFuncStr);
-                                redefFunc += `\n${funcDefStr}`;
-                            } else {
-                                redefFunc += `\n${funcBodyStart.slice(startSliceIdx, nextSymbolIdx)}`;
-                            }
-                        } else { // #define, dont care
-                            redefFunc += funcBodyStart.slice(startSliceIdx, nextSymbolIdx);
-                        }
-                        startIndex = nextSymbolIdx + 1;
+                let count = 1;
+                let startIndex = code.indexOf(funcIter[1], funcIter.index);
+                startIndex = code.indexOf('{', startIndex) + 1;
+                let endIndex = 0;
+                while (count) {
+                    if (code.at(startIndex) === '{') {
+                        ++count;
+                    } else if (code.at(startIndex) === '}') {
+                        --count;
                     }
 
-                    //`(?:.(?!layout))+${pair[2]};`
-                    const searchTarget = code.slice(0, fnDecl!.index);
-                    const res = (new RegExp(`#if.+[\\s]*$`)).exec(searchTarget);
-                    redefFunc = `${res![0]}${redefFunc}\n#endif`;
-                } else {
-                    let count = 0;
-                    let matchBegin = false;
-                    let startIndex = 0;
-                    let endIndex = 0;
-                    for (let i = 0; i < funcBodyStart.length; ++i) {
-                        if (funcBodyStart[i] === '{') {
-                            ++count;
-                            if (!matchBegin) {
-                                matchBegin = true;
-                                startIndex = i;
-                            }
-                        } else if (funcBodyStart[i] === '}') {
-                            --count;
-                        }
-
-                        if (matchBegin && count === 0) {
-                            endIndex = i;
-                            break;
-                        }
+                    if (count === 0) {
+                        endIndex = startIndex;
+                        break;
                     }
-                    const rawFunc = `${fnDecl![0]}${funcBodyStart.slice(startIndex, endIndex + 1)}`;
-                    redefFunc = funcRedefine(rawFunc);
-                }
-
-                functionTemplates.set(`${pair[0]}_${pair[1]}`, redefFunc);
-            } else {
-                redefFunc = functionTemplates.get(`${pair[0]}_${pair[1]}`)!;
-            }
-
-            const depsFuncs: string[] = [];
 
-            const iterator = referredFuncMap.values();
-            let val = iterator.next().value;
-            while (val) {
-                const funcDepReStr = `\\b(${val[0] as string})\\b`;
-                if (redefFunc.search(funcDepReStr) !== -1) {
-                    depsFuncs[depsFuncs.length] = val[0];
+                    const nextLeft = code.indexOf('{', startIndex + 1);
+                    const nextRight = code.indexOf('}', startIndex + 1);
+                    startIndex = nextLeft === -1 ? nextRight : Math.min(nextLeft, nextRight);
                 }
-                val = iterator.next().value;
-            }
-            // for (let i = 0; i < referredFuncMap.values.length; ++i) {
-            //     const funcDepReStr = `\\b(${referredFuncMap.values[i].fnName as string})\\b`;
-            //     if (redefFunc.search(funcDepReStr) !== -1) {
-            //         depsFuncs[depsFuncs.length] = referredFuncMap.values[i].fnName;
-            //     }
-            // }
-            functionDeps.set(`${pair[0]}_${pair[1]}`, depsFuncs);
-
-            const specializedFuncs = new Map<string, string>();
-            const specialize = (funcs: string[]) => {
-                funcs.every((str) => {
-                    if (!specializedFuncs.has(`${pair[0]}_${pair[2]}_specialized`)) {
-                        const samplerReStr = `(\\w+)SAMPLER_HOLDER`;
-                        const textureName = pair[2].slice(0, pair[2].length - 7); // xxxxSampler
-                        const textureStr = `(\\w+)TEXTURE_HOLDER`;
-                        let funcTemplate = functionTemplates.get(str);
-                        funcTemplate = funcTemplate!.replace(new RegExp(samplerReStr, 'g'), pair[2]);
-                        funcTemplate = funcTemplate.replace(new RegExp(textureStr, 'g'), textureName);
-                        funcTemplate = funcTemplate.replace(new RegExp('SAMPLER_SPEC', 'g'), `_${pair[1]}_${pair[2]}_specialized`);
-                        funcTemplate = funcTemplate.replace(new RegExp(`texture${pair[1]}\\s+\\w+,`, 'g'), '');
-                        // funcTemplate = funcTemplate.replace('SAMPLER_SPEC', `_${pair[2]}_specialized`);
-
-                        for (let i = 0; i < depsFuncs.length; ++i) {
-                            const depFuncStr = `${depsFuncs[i]}([\\W]?)*\\([^,)]+(,)?`;
-                            funcTemplate = funcTemplate.replace(new RegExp(depFuncStr, 'g'), `${depsFuncs[i]}_${pair[1]}_${pair[2]}_specialized(`);
-                        }
-
-                        let declStr = fnDecl![0].replace(pair[0], `${str}_${pair[2]}_specialized`);
-                        declStr = declStr.replace(new RegExp(`sampler${pair[1]}[^,)]+(,)?`, 'g'), ``);
-                        declStr += `;`;
-                        specializedFuncs.set(declStr, funcTemplate);
-                    } else {
-                        return specialize(functionDeps.get(str)!);
-                    }
-                    return true;
+                const funcBody = code.slice(funcIter.index, endIndex);
+                let newFunc = funcBody;
+                paramTypeMap.forEach((type, name) => {
+                    newFunc = replaceBultin(name, type, newFunc);
                 });
-                return true;
-            };
-            specialize([`${pair[0]}_${pair[1]}`]);
-            //(?:.(?!layout))+cc_PositionDisplacementsSampler;
-            const samplerDefReStr = `(?:.(?!layout))+${pair[2]};`;
-            const samplerDef = (new RegExp(samplerDefReStr)).exec(code);
-
-            let funcImpls = '';
-            for (const [key, value] of specializedFuncs) {
-                forwardDecls += `\n${key}\n`;
-                funcImpls += `\n${value}\n`;
+
+                code = code.replace(funcBody, newFunc);
+                funcSet.add(funcIter[1]);
             }
+            funcIter = funcReg.exec(code);
+        }
 
-            code = code.replace(samplerDef![0], `${samplerDef![0]}\n${funcImpls}`);
+        referredMap.forEach((type, name) => {
+            code = replaceBultin(name, type, code);
         });
 
-        // some function appears before it's defined so forward declaration is needed
-        forwardDecls += '\nvec3 SRGBToLinear (vec3 gamma);\nfloat getDisplacementWeight(int index);\n';
-
-        const highpIdx = code.indexOf('precision highp');
-        const mediumpIdx = code.indexOf('precision mediump');
-        const lowpIdx = code.indexOf('precision lowp');
-
         ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
         // isNan, isInf has been removed in dawn:tint
 
         let functionDefs = '';
         const precisionKeyWord = 'highp';
-
-        // const getPrecision = (idx: number) => {
-        //     if (highpIdx !== -1 && highpIdx < idx) {
-        //         precisionKeyWord = 'highp';
-        //     } else if (mediumpIdx !== -1 && mediumpIdx < idx && highpIdx < mediumpIdx) {
-        //         precisionKeyWord = 'mediump';
-        //     } else if (lowpIdx !== -1 && lowpIdx < idx && mediumpIdx < lowpIdx && highpIdx < lowpIdx) {
-        //         precisionKeyWord = 'lowp';
-        //     }
-        // };
-
         const isNanIndex = code.indexOf('isnan');
         if (isNanIndex !== -1) {
             // getPrecision(isNanIndex);
@@ -557,31 +375,84 @@ WEBGPU && promiseForWebGPUInstantiation.then(() => {
         let firstPrecisionIdx = code.indexOf('precision');
         firstPrecisionIdx = code.indexOf(';', firstPrecisionIdx);
         firstPrecisionIdx += 1;
-        code = `${code.slice(0, firstPrecisionIdx)}\n${forwardDecls}\n${functionDefs}\n${code.slice(firstPrecisionIdx)}`;
+        code = `${code.slice(0, firstPrecisionIdx)}\n${functionDefs}\n${code.slice(firstPrecisionIdx)}`;
 
         return code;
     }
 
+    function reflect(wgsl: string[]) {
+        const bindingList: number[][] = [];
+        for (let wgslStr of wgsl) {
+            // @group(1) @binding(0) var<uniform> x_78 : Constants;
+            // @group(1) @binding(1) var albedoMap : texture_2d<f32>;
+            const reg = new RegExp(/@group\((\d)\)\s+@binding\((\d+)\)/g);
+            let iter = reg.exec(wgslStr);
+            while (iter) {
+                const set = +iter[1];
+                const binding = +iter[2];
+                while (bindingList.length <= set) {
+                    bindingList.push([]);
+                }
+                bindingList[set][bindingList[set].length] = binding;
+                iter = reg.exec(wgslStr);
+            }
+        }
+        return bindingList;
+    }
+
+    function overwriteBlock(info: ShaderInfo, code: string): string {
+        const regexp = new RegExp(/layout\(([^\)]+)\)\s+uniform\s+\b(\w+)\b/g);
+        let src = code;
+        let iter = regexp.exec(src);
+        if (iter) {
+            const blockName = iter[2];
+            const block = info.blocks.find((ele) => { return ele.name === blockName; });
+            const binding = block?.binding;
+            const overwriteStr = iter[0].replace(iter[1], `${iter[1]}, set = 0, binding = ${binding}`);
+            src = src.replace(iter[0], overwriteStr);
+            iter = regexp.exec(src);
+        }
+        return src;
+    }
+
     const createShader = Device.prototype.createShader;
     Device.prototype.createShader = function (shaderInfo: ShaderInfo) {
-        const spvDatas: any = [];
+        const wgslStages: string[] = [];
         for (let i = 0; i < shaderInfo.stages.length; ++i) {
-            shaderInfo.stages[i].source = seperateCombinedSamplerTexture(shaderInfo.stages[i].source);
+            let glslSource = seperateCombinedSamplerTexture(shaderInfo.stages[i].source);
             const stageStr = shaderInfo.stages[i].stage === ShaderStageFlagBit.VERTEX ? 'vertex'
                 : shaderInfo.stages[i].stage === ShaderStageFlagBit.FRAGMENT ? 'fragment' : 'compute';
-            const sourceCode = `#version 450\n${shaderInfo.stages[i].source}`;
-            const spv = glslalgWasmModule.glslang.compileGLSL(sourceCode, stageStr, true, '1.3');
-            spvDatas.push(spv);
+            // if (stageStr === 'compute') {
+            //     glslSource = overwriteBlock(shaderInfo, glslSource);
+            // }
+            const sourceCode = `#version 450\n#define CC_USE_WGPU 1\n${glslSource}`;
+            const spv = glslangWasmModule.glslang.compileGLSL(sourceCode, stageStr, false, '1.3');
+
+            const twgsl = twgslModule.twgsl;
+            const wgsl = twgsl.convertSpirV2WGSL(spv);
+            if (wgsl === '') {
+                console.error("empty wgsl");
+            }
+            shaderInfo.stages[i].source = wgsl;
+            wgslStages.push(wgsl);
         }
 
-        const shader = this.createShaderNative(shaderInfo, spvDatas);
+        const shader = this.createShaderNative(shaderInfo);
+        // optioanl : reflect bindings in shader
+        {
+            const bindingList = reflect(wgslStages);
+            for (let bindings of bindingList) {
+                const u8Array = new Uint8Array(bindings);
+                shader.reflectBinding(u8Array);
+            }
+        }
         return shader;
     };
 
     // if property being frequently get in TS, try cache it
     // attention: invalid if got this object from a native object,
     // eg. inputAssembler.indexBuffer.objectID
-    function cacheReadOnlyWGPUProperties<T> (type: T, props: string[]) {
+    function cacheReadOnlyWGPUProperties<T>(type: T, props: string[]) {
         const descriptor = { writable: true };
         props.map((prop) => {
             return Object.defineProperty(type['prototype'], `_${prop}`, descriptor);
@@ -595,7 +466,7 @@ WEBGPU && promiseForWebGPUInstantiation.then(() => {
             for (let prop of props) {
                 res[`_${prop}`] = res[`${prop}`];
                 Object.defineProperty(res, `${prop}`, {
-                    get () {
+                    get() {
                         return this[`_${prop}`];
                     }
                 });
diff --git a/cocos/rendering/custom/compiler.ts b/cocos/rendering/custom/compiler.ts
index da170462e25..7ed6779bba5 100644
--- a/cocos/rendering/custom/compiler.ts
+++ b/cocos/rendering/custom/compiler.ts
@@ -28,9 +28,11 @@ import { VectorGraphColorMap } from './effect';
 import { DefaultVisitor, depthFirstSearch, ReferenceGraphView } from './graph';
 import { LayoutGraphData } from './layout-graph';
 import { BasicPipeline } from './pipeline';
-import { Blit, ClearView, ComputePass, ComputeSubpass, CopyPass, Dispatch, FormatView, ManagedBuffer, ManagedResource, ManagedTexture, MovePass,
+import {
+    Blit, ClearView, ComputePass, ComputeSubpass, CopyPass, Dispatch, FormatView, ManagedBuffer, ManagedResource, ManagedTexture, MovePass,
     RasterPass, RasterSubpass, RaytracePass, RenderGraph, RenderGraphVisitor, RasterView, ComputeView,
-    RenderQueue, RenderSwapchain, ResolvePass, ResourceGraph, ResourceGraphVisitor, SceneData, SubresourceView } from './render-graph';
+    RenderQueue, RenderSwapchain, ResolvePass, ResourceGraph, ResourceGraphVisitor, SceneData, SubresourceView, PersistentBuffer, PersistentTexture,
+} from './render-graph';
 import { AccessType, ResourceResidency, SceneFlags } from './types';
 import { hashCombineNum, hashCombineStr } from './define';
 
@@ -83,10 +85,11 @@ class PassVisitor implements RenderGraphVisitor {
     public queueID = 0xFFFFFFFF;
     public sceneID = 0xFFFFFFFF;
     public passID = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+    public dispatchID = 0xFFFFFFFF;
     // output resourcetexture id
     public resID = 0xFFFFFFFF;
     public context: CompilerContext;
-    private _currPass: RasterPass | CopyPass | null = null;
+    private _currPass: RasterPass | CopyPass | ComputePass | null = null;
     private _resVisitor: ResourceVisitor;
     constructor (context: CompilerContext) {
         this.context = context;
@@ -98,6 +101,12 @@ class PassVisitor implements RenderGraphVisitor {
     protected _isCopyPass (u: number): boolean {
         return !!this.context.renderGraph.tryGetCopy(u);
     }
+    protected _isCompute (u: number): boolean {
+        return !!this.context.renderGraph.tryGetCompute(u);
+    }
+    protected _isDispatch (u: number): boolean {
+        return !!this.context.renderGraph.tryGetDispatch(u);
+    }
     protected _isQueue (u: number): boolean {
         return !!this.context.renderGraph.tryGetQueue(u);
     }
@@ -242,12 +251,14 @@ class PassVisitor implements RenderGraphVisitor {
     }
     applyID (id: number, resId: number): void {
         this.resID = resId;
-        if (this._isRasterPass(id) || this._isCopyPass(id)) {
+        if (this._isRasterPass(id) || this._isCopyPass(id) || this._isCompute(id)) {
             this.passID = id;
         } else if (this._isQueue(id)) {
             this.queueID = id;
         } else if (this._isScene(id) || this._isBlit(id)) {
             this.sceneID = id;
+        } else if (this._isDispatch(id)) {
+            this.dispatchID = id;
         }
     }
     rasterPass (pass: RasterPass): void {
@@ -258,10 +269,20 @@ class PassVisitor implements RenderGraphVisitor {
         // }
         this._currPass = pass;
     }
-    rasterSubpass (value: RasterSubpass): void {}
-    computeSubpass (value: ComputeSubpass): void {}
-    compute (value: ComputePass): void {}
-    resolve (value: ResolvePass): void {}
+    rasterSubpass (value: RasterSubpass): void {
+        // noop
+    }
+    computeSubpass (value: ComputeSubpass): void {
+        // noop
+    }
+    compute (value: ComputePass): void {
+        this._currPass = value;
+        const rg = context.renderGraph;
+        rg.setValid(this.passID, true);
+    }
+    resolve (value: ResolvePass): void {
+        // noop
+    }
     copy (value: CopyPass): void {
         const rg = context.renderGraph;
         if (rg.getValid(this.passID)) {
@@ -283,18 +304,32 @@ class PassVisitor implements RenderGraphVisitor {
             }
         }
     }
-    move (value: MovePass): void {}
-    raytrace (value: RaytracePass): void {}
-    queue (value: RenderQueue): void {}
+    move (value: MovePass): void {
+        // noop
+    }
+    raytrace (value: RaytracePass): void {
+        // noop
+    }
+    queue (value: RenderQueue): void {
+        // noop
+    }
     scene (value: SceneData): void {
         this._fetchValidPass();
     }
     blit (value: Blit): void {
         this._fetchValidPass();
     }
-    dispatch (value: Dispatch): void {}
-    clear (value: ClearView[]): void {}
-    viewport (value: Viewport): void {}
+    dispatch (value: Dispatch): void {
+        const rg = this.context.renderGraph;
+        rg.setValid(this.queueID, true);
+        rg.setValid(this.dispatchID, true);
+    }
+    clear (value: ClearView[]): void {
+        // noop
+    }
+    viewport (value: Viewport): void {
+        // noop
+    }
 }
 
 class PassManagerVisitor extends DefaultVisitor {
@@ -342,19 +377,20 @@ class ResourceVisitor implements ResourceGraphVisitor {
     managed (value: ManagedResource): void {
         this.dependency();
     }
-    persistentBuffer (value: Buffer): void {
+    persistentBuffer (value: Buffer | PersistentBuffer): void {
+        // noop
     }
 
     dependency (): void {
         if (!this._passManagerVis) {
-            this._passManagerVis  = new PassManagerVisitor(this._context, this.resID);
+            this._passManagerVis = new PassManagerVisitor(this._context, this.resID);
         } else {
             this._passManagerVis.resId = this.resID;
         }
         depthFirstSearch(this._passManagerVis.graphView, this._passManagerVis, this._passManagerVis.colorMap);
     }
 
-    persistentTexture (value: Texture): void {
+    persistentTexture (value: Texture | PersistentTexture): void {
         this.dependency();
     }
     framebuffer (value: Framebuffer): void {
@@ -364,8 +400,10 @@ class ResourceVisitor implements ResourceGraphVisitor {
         this.dependency();
     }
     formatView (value: FormatView): void {
+        // noop
     }
     subresourceView (value: SubresourceView): void {
+        // noop
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/cocos/rendering/custom/define.ts b/cocos/rendering/custom/define.ts
index b131e820357..3704f56ac7d 100644
--- a/cocos/rendering/custom/define.ts
+++ b/cocos/rendering/custom/define.ts
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ import { ImageAsset, Material, Texture2D } from '../../asset/assets';
 import { getProfilerCamera, SRGBToLinear } from '../pipeline-funcs';
 import { RenderWindow } from '../../render-scene/core/render-window';
 import { RenderData, RenderGraph } from './render-graph';
-import { WebPipeline } from './web-pipeline';
+import { WebComputePassBuilder, WebPipeline } from './web-pipeline';
 import { DescriptorSetData, LayoutGraph, LayoutGraphData } from './layout-graph';
 import { AABB } from '../../core/geometry';
 import { DebugViewCompositeType, DebugViewSingleType } from '../debug-view';
@@ -2178,7 +2178,7 @@ export function buildHBAOPasses (
     return { rtName: haboCombined.rtName, dsName: inputDS };
 }
 
-export const MAX_LIGHTS_PER_CLUSTER = 100;
+export const MAX_LIGHTS_PER_CLUSTER = 200;
 export const CLUSTERS_X = 16;
 export const CLUSTERS_Y = 8;
 export const CLUSTERS_Z = 24;
@@ -2240,6 +2240,9 @@ export function buildLightClusterBuildPass (
 
     const width = camera.width * ppl.pipelineSceneData.shadingScale;
     const height = camera.height * ppl.pipelineSceneData.shadingScale;
+    if ('setCurrConstant' in clusterPass) { // web-pipeline
+        (clusterPass as WebComputePassBuilder).addConstant('CCConst', 'cluster-build-cs');
+    }
     clusterPass.setVec4('cc_nearFar', new Vec4(camera.nearClip, camera.farClip, camera.getClipSpaceMinz(), 0));
     clusterPass.setVec4('cc_viewPort', new Vec4(0, 0, width, height));
     clusterPass.setVec4('cc_workGroup', new Vec4(CLUSTERS_X, CLUSTERS_Y, CLUSTERS_Z, 0));
@@ -2280,6 +2283,9 @@ export function buildLightClusterCullingPass (
 
     const width = camera.width * ppl.pipelineSceneData.shadingScale;
     const height = camera.height * ppl.pipelineSceneData.shadingScale;
+    if ('setCurrConstant' in clusterPass) { // web-pipeline
+        (clusterPass as WebComputePassBuilder).addConstant('CCConst', 'cluster-build-cs');
+    }
     clusterPass.setVec4('cc_nearFar', new Vec4(camera.nearClip, camera.farClip, camera.getClipSpaceMinz(), 0));
     clusterPass.setVec4('cc_viewPort', new Vec4(width, height, width, height));
     clusterPass.setVec4('cc_workGroup', new Vec4(CLUSTERS_X, CLUSTERS_Y, CLUSTERS_Z, 0));
diff --git a/cocos/rendering/custom/executor.ts b/cocos/rendering/custom/executor.ts
index 5c1191dc03d..95f9cbae566 100644
--- a/cocos/rendering/custom/executor.ts
+++ b/cocos/rendering/custom/executor.ts
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ import {
     AccessFlagBit,
     Attribute,
     Buffer,
+    BufferFlagBit,
     BufferInfo,
     BufferUsageBit,
     BufferViewInfo,
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ import {
     DescriptorSetInfo,
     Device,
     deviceManager,
+    DispatchInfo,
     Format,
     Framebuffer,
     FramebufferInfo,
@@ -55,7 +57,9 @@ import {
     InputAssemblerInfo,
     LoadOp,
     MemoryUsageBit,
+    PipelineBindPoint,
     PipelineState,
+    PipelineStateInfo,
     Rect,
     RenderPass,
     RenderPassInfo,
@@ -95,6 +99,8 @@ import {
     ManagedResource,
     ManagedTexture,
     MovePass,
+    PersistentBuffer,
+    PersistentTexture,
     RasterPass,
     RasterSubpass,
     RasterView,
@@ -113,6 +119,7 @@ import {
     SubresourceView,
 } from './render-graph';
 import {
+    AccessType,
     AttachmentType,
     QueueHint,
     ResourceDimension,
@@ -137,32 +144,74 @@ import {
 } from './define';
 import { RenderReflectionProbeQueue } from '../render-reflection-probe-queue';
 import { SceneCulling } from './scene-culling';
+import { WebPipeline } from './web-pipeline';
 
 class ResourceVisitor implements ResourceGraphVisitor {
     name: string;
     constructor (resName = '') {
         this.name = resName;
+        if (context) {
+            const ppl = context.pipeline as any;
+            ppl.resourceUses.push(resName);
+        }
     }
     set resName (value: string) {
         this.name = value;
     }
-    createDeviceTex (value: Texture | Framebuffer | ManagedResource | RenderSwapchain): void {
-        const deviceTex = new DeviceTexture(this.name, value);
-        context.deviceTextures.set(this.name, deviceTex);
+    checkTexture (name: string): boolean {
+        const dTex = context.deviceTextures.get(name)!;
+        const resID = context.resourceGraph.vertex(this.name);
+        const desc = context.resourceGraph.getDesc(resID);
+        let res = false;
+        if (dTex.texture) {
+            res = dTex.texture.width === desc.width && dTex.texture.height === desc.height;
+        } else if (dTex.swapchain) {
+            res = dTex.swapchain.width === desc.width && dTex.swapchain.height === desc.height;
+        }
+        return res;
+    }
+    createDeviceTex (value: PersistentTexture | Framebuffer | ManagedResource | RenderSwapchain): void {
+        if (!context.deviceTextures.get(this.name)) {
+            const deviceTex = new DeviceTexture(this.name, value);
+            context.deviceTextures.set(this.name, deviceTex);
+        } else if (!this.checkTexture(this.name)) {
+            const dTex = context.deviceTextures.get(this.name)!;
+            dTex.texture?.destroy();
+            const deviceTex = new DeviceTexture(this.name, value);
+            context.deviceTextures.set(this.name, deviceTex);
+        }
+    }
+    checkBuffer (name: string): boolean {
+        const dBuf = context.deviceBuffers.get(name)!;
+        const resID = context.resourceGraph.vertex(this.name);
+        const desc = context.resourceGraph.getDesc(resID);
+        return dBuf.buffer!.size >= desc.width;
+    }
+    createDeviceBuf (value: ManagedBuffer | PersistentBuffer): void {
+        const mount: boolean = !!context.deviceBuffers.get(this.name);
+        if (!mount) {
+            const deviceBuf = new DeviceBuffer(this.name, value);
+            context.deviceBuffers.set(this.name, deviceBuf);
+        } else if (!this.checkBuffer(this.name)) {
+            const dBuf = context.deviceBuffers.get(this.name)!;
+            dBuf.buffer?.destroy();
+            const deviceBuf = new DeviceBuffer(this.name, value);
+            context.deviceBuffers.set(this.name, deviceBuf);
+        }
     }
     managed (value: ManagedResource): void {
         this.createDeviceTex(value);
     }
     managedBuffer (value: ManagedBuffer): void {
-        // noop
+        this.createDeviceBuf(value);
     }
     managedTexture (value: ManagedTexture): void {
         // noop
     }
-    persistentBuffer (value: Buffer): void {
-        // noop
+    persistentBuffer (value: PersistentBuffer): void {
+        this.createDeviceBuf(value);
     }
-    persistentTexture (value: Texture): void {
+    persistentTexture (value: PersistentTexture): void {
         this.createDeviceTex(value);
     }
     framebuffer (value: Framebuffer): void {
@@ -214,7 +263,7 @@ class DeviceTexture extends DeviceResource {
         this._desc.textureFlags = desc.textureFlags;
         this._desc.width = desc.width;
     }
-    constructor (name: string, tex: Texture | Framebuffer | RenderSwapchain | ManagedResource) {
+    constructor (name: string, tex: PersistentTexture | Framebuffer | RenderSwapchain | ManagedResource) {
         super(name);
         const resGraph = context.resourceGraph;
         const verID = resGraph.vertex(name);
@@ -287,8 +336,35 @@ function isShadowMap (graphScene: GraphScene): boolean | null {
 }
 
 class DeviceBuffer extends DeviceResource {
-    constructor (name: string) {
+    private _buffer: Buffer | null;
+
+    get buffer (): Buffer | null {
+        return this._buffer;
+    }
+
+    constructor (name: string, buffer: ManagedBuffer | PersistentBuffer) {
         super(name);
+        const resGraph = context.resourceGraph;
+        const verID = resGraph.vertex(name);
+        const desc = resGraph.getDesc(verID);
+        const bufferInfo = new BufferInfo();
+        bufferInfo.size = desc.width;
+        bufferInfo.memUsage = MemoryUsageBit.DEVICE;
+
+        if (desc.flags & ResourceFlags.INDIRECT) bufferInfo.usage |= BufferUsageBit.INDIRECT;
+        if (desc.flags & ResourceFlags.UNIFORM) bufferInfo.usage |= BufferUsageBit.UNIFORM;
+        if (desc.flags & ResourceFlags.STORAGE) bufferInfo.usage |= BufferUsageBit.STORAGE;
+        if (desc.flags & ResourceFlags.TRANSFER_SRC) bufferInfo.usage |= BufferUsageBit.TRANSFER_SRC;
+        if (desc.flags & ResourceFlags.TRANSFER_DST) bufferInfo.usage |= BufferUsageBit.TRANSFER_DST;
+
+        this._buffer = context.device.createBuffer(bufferInfo);
+    }
+
+    release (): void {
+        if (this._buffer) {
+            this._buffer.destroy();
+            this._buffer = null;
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -454,12 +530,67 @@ class BlitDesc {
     }
 }
 
+class DeviceComputeQueue {
+    private _devicePass: DeviceComputePass | undefined;
+    private _hint: QueueHint = QueueHint.NONE;
+    private _phaseID: number = getPhaseID('default');
+    private _renderPhase: RenderPhaseData | null = null;
+    private _descSetData: DescriptorSetData | null = null;
+    private _layoutID = -1;
+    private _isUpdateUBO = false;
+    private _isUploadInstance = false;
+    private _isUploadBatched = false;
+    private _queueId = -1;
+    init (devicePass: DeviceComputePass, renderQueue: RenderQueue, id: number): void {
+        this.reset();
+        this.queueHint = renderQueue.hint;
+        this.queueId = id;
+        this._devicePass = devicePass;
+        this._phaseID = cclegacy.rendering.getPhaseID(devicePass.passID, context.renderGraph.getLayout(id));
+    }
+    get phaseID (): number { return this._phaseID; }
+    set layoutID (value: number) {
+        this._layoutID = value;
+        const layoutGraph = context.layoutGraph;
+        this._renderPhase = layoutGraph.tryGetRenderPhase(value);
+        const layout = layoutGraph.getLayout(value);
+        this._descSetData = layout.descriptorSets.get(UpdateFrequency.PER_PHASE)!;
+    }
+    get layoutID (): number { return this._layoutID; }
+    get descSetData (): DescriptorSetData | null { return this._descSetData; }
+    get renderPhase (): RenderPhaseData | null { return this._renderPhase; }
+    set queueId (val) { this._queueId = val; }
+    get queueId (): number { return this._queueId; }
+    set isUpdateUBO (update: boolean) { this._isUpdateUBO = update; }
+    get isUpdateUBO (): boolean { return this._isUpdateUBO; }
+    set isUploadInstance (value: boolean) { this._isUploadInstance = value; }
+    get isUploadInstance (): boolean { return this._isUploadInstance; }
+    set isUploadBatched (value: boolean) { this._isUploadBatched = value; }
+    get isUploadBatched (): boolean { return this._isUploadBatched; }
+
+    reset (): void {
+        this._isUpdateUBO = false;
+        this._isUploadInstance = false;
+        this._isUploadBatched = false;
+    }
+    set queueHint (value: QueueHint) { this._hint = value; }
+    get queueHint (): QueueHint { return this._hint; }
+    get devicePass (): DeviceComputePass { return this._devicePass!; }
+
+    record (): void {
+        if (this._descSetData && this._descSetData.descriptorSet) {
+            context.commandBuffer
+                .bindDescriptorSet(SetIndex.COUNT, this._descSetData.descriptorSet);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 class DeviceRenderQueue {
     private _preSceneTasks: DevicePreSceneTask[] = [];
     private _sceneTasks: DeviceSceneTask[] = [];
     private _postSceneTasks: DevicePostSceneTask[] = [];
     private _devicePass: DeviceRenderPass | undefined;
-    private _hint: QueueHint =  QueueHint.NONE;
+    private _hint: QueueHint = QueueHint.NONE;
     private _graphQueue!: RenderQueue;
     private _phaseID: number = getPhaseID('default');
     private _renderPhase: RenderPhaseData | null = null;
@@ -522,7 +653,7 @@ class DeviceRenderQueue {
     }
     addSceneTask (scene: GraphScene): void {
         if (!this._transversal) {
-            this._transversal = new DeviceSceneTransversal(this, context.pipelineSceneData,  scene);
+            this._transversal = new DeviceSceneTransversal(this, context.pipelineSceneData, scene);
         }
         this._transversal.graphScene = scene;
         this._preSceneTasks.push(this._transversal.preRenderPass(this._sceneVisitor));
@@ -594,14 +725,17 @@ class RenderPassLayoutInfo {
         const lg = context.layoutGraph;
         this._stage = lg.getRenderStage(layoutId);
         this._layout = lg.getLayout(layoutId);
-        const layoutData =  this._layout.descriptorSets.get(UpdateFrequency.PER_PASS);
-        const globalDesc = context.pipeline.descriptorSet;
+        const layoutData = this._layout.descriptorSets.get(UpdateFrequency.PER_PASS);
+        // const globalDesc = context.descriptorSet;
         if (layoutData) {
+            const layoutDesc = layoutData.descriptorSet!;
             // find resource
             const deviceTex = context.deviceTextures.get(this._inputName);
             const gfxTex = deviceTex?.texture;
-            const layoutDesc = layoutData.descriptorSet!;
-            if (!gfxTex) {
+
+            const deviceBuf = context.deviceBuffers.get(this._inputName);
+            const gfxBuf = deviceBuf?.buffer;
+            if (!gfxTex && !gfxBuf) {
                 throw Error(`Could not find texture with resource name ${this._inputName}`);
             }
             const resId = context.resourceGraph.vertex(this._inputName);
@@ -616,8 +750,19 @@ class RenderPassLayoutInfo {
                         // const buffer = layoutDesc.getBuffer(block.offset + i);
                         // const texture = layoutDesc.getTexture(block.offset + i);
                         if (descriptorID === block.descriptors[i].descriptorID) {
-                            layoutDesc.bindTexture(block.offset + i, gfxTex);
-                            layoutDesc.bindSampler(block.offset + i, context.device.getSampler(samplerInfo));
+                            if (gfxTex) {
+                                layoutDesc.bindTexture(block.offset + i, gfxTex);
+                                layoutDesc.bindSampler(block.offset + i, context.device.getSampler(samplerInfo));
+                            } else {
+                                const desc = context.resourceGraph.getDesc(resId);
+                                if (desc.flags & ResourceFlags.STORAGE) {
+                                    const access = input[1][0].accessType !== AccessType.READ ? AccessFlagBit.COMPUTE_SHADER_WRITE
+                                        : AccessFlagBit.COMPUTE_SHADER_READ_OTHER;
+                                    (layoutDesc as any).bindBuffer(block.offset + i, gfxBuf!, 0, access);
+                                } else {
+                                    layoutDesc.bindBuffer(block.offset + i, gfxBuf!);
+                                }
+                            }
                             if (!this._descriptorSet) this._descriptorSet = layoutDesc;
                             continue;
                         }
@@ -806,6 +951,10 @@ class DeviceRenderPass {
         //         colorTexs[0].height,
         //     ));
         // }
+        const depth = swapchain ? swapchain.depthStencilTexture : depthTex;
+        if (!depth) {
+            depthStencilAttachment.format = Format.UNKNOWN;
+        }
         this._renderPass = device.createRenderPass(new RenderPassInfo(colors, depthStencilAttachment));
         this._framebuffer = framebuffer || device.createFramebuffer(new FramebufferInfo(
             this._renderPass,
@@ -832,6 +981,7 @@ class DeviceRenderPass {
     }
     addQueue (queue: DeviceRenderQueue): void { this._deviceQueues.push(queue); }
     prePass (): void {
+        context.descriptorSet = getDescriptorSetDataFromLayout(this.layoutName)!.descriptorSet;
         for (const queue of this._deviceQueues) {
             queue.preRecord();
         }
@@ -884,7 +1034,7 @@ class DeviceRenderPass {
             ia,
         );
         const descData = getDescriptorSetDataFromLayoutId(pass.passID)!;
-        mergeSrcToTargetDesc(descData.descriptorSet, context.pipeline.descriptorSet, true);
+        mergeSrcToTargetDesc(descData.descriptorSet, context.descriptorSet, true);
         profilerViewport.width = rect.width;
         profilerViewport.height = rect.height;
         cmdBuff.setViewport(profilerViewport);
@@ -921,7 +1071,7 @@ class DeviceRenderPass {
         );
         cmdBuff.bindDescriptorSet(
             SetIndex.GLOBAL,
-            context.pipeline.descriptorSet,
+            context.descriptorSet!,
         );
         for (const queue of this._deviceQueues) {
             queue.record();
@@ -1013,6 +1163,135 @@ class DeviceRenderPass {
     }
 }
 
+class ComputePassInfo {
+    protected _id!: number;
+    protected _pass!: ComputePass;
+    get id (): number { return this._id; }
+    get pass (): ComputePass { return this._pass; }
+    private _copyPass (pass: ComputePass): void {
+        const computePass = this._pass || new ComputePass();
+        for (const val of pass.computeViews) {
+            const currComputeViews = val[1];
+            const currComputeKey = val[0];
+            const computeViews: ComputeView[] = computePass.computeViews.get(currComputeKey) || [];
+            if (computeViews.length) computeViews.length = currComputeViews.length;
+            let idx = 0;
+            for (const currComputeView of currComputeViews) {
+                const computeView = computeViews[idx] || new ComputeView();
+                computeView.name = currComputeView.name;
+                computeView.accessType = currComputeView.accessType;
+                computeView.clearFlags = currComputeView.clearFlags;
+                computeView.clearValue.x = currComputeView.clearValue.x;
+                computeView.clearValue.y = currComputeView.clearValue.y;
+                computeView.clearValue.z = currComputeView.clearValue.z;
+                computeView.clearValue.w = currComputeView.clearValue.w;
+                computeView.clearValueType = currComputeView.clearValueType;
+                computeViews[idx] = computeView;
+                idx++;
+            }
+            computePass.computeViews.set(currComputeKey, computeViews);
+        }
+        this._pass = computePass;
+    }
+    applyInfo (id: number, pass: ComputePass): void {
+        this._id = id;
+        this._copyPass(pass);
+    }
+}
+
+class DeviceComputePass {
+    protected _deviceQueues: DeviceComputeQueue[] = [];
+    protected _passID: number;
+    protected _layoutName: string;
+    protected _viewport: Viewport | null = null;
+    private _computeInfo: ComputePassInfo;
+    private _layout: RenderPassLayoutInfo | null = null;
+    constructor (passInfo: ComputePassInfo) {
+        this._computeInfo = passInfo;
+        this._layoutName = context.renderGraph.getLayout(passInfo.id);
+        this._passID = cclegacy.rendering.getPassID(this._layoutName);
+
+        for (const cv of passInfo.pass.computeViews) {
+            let resTex = context.deviceTextures.get(cv[0]);
+            if (!resTex) {
+                this.visitResource(cv[0]);
+                resTex = context.deviceTextures.get(cv[0])!;
+            }
+            this._applyRenderLayout(cv);
+        }
+        // update the layout descriptorSet
+        if (this.renderLayout && this.renderLayout.descriptorSet) {
+            this.renderLayout.descriptorSet.update();
+        }
+    }
+    get layoutName (): string { return this._layoutName; }
+    get passID (): number { return this._passID; }
+    get renderLayout (): RenderPassLayoutInfo | null { return this._layout; }
+
+    get deviceQueues (): DeviceComputeQueue[] { return this._deviceQueues; }
+    get computePassInfo (): ComputePassInfo { return this._computeInfo; }
+    visitResource (resName: string): void {
+        const resourceGraph = context.resourceGraph;
+        const vertId = resourceGraph.vertex(resName);
+        resourceVisitor.resName = resName;
+        resourceGraph.visitVertex(resourceVisitor, vertId);
+    }
+    addQueue (queue: DeviceComputeQueue): void { this._deviceQueues.push(queue); }
+    prePass (): void {
+        // noop
+    }
+    protected _applyRenderLayout (input: [string, ComputeView[]]): void {
+        const stageName = context.renderGraph.getLayout(this._computeInfo.id);
+        if (stageName) {
+            const layoutGraph = context.layoutGraph;
+            const stageId = layoutGraph.locateChild(layoutGraph.nullVertex(), stageName);
+            if (stageId !== 0xFFFFFFFF) {
+                this._layout = new RenderPassLayoutInfo(stageId, input);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    getGlobalDescData (): DescriptorSetData {
+        const stageId = context.layoutGraph.locateChild(context.layoutGraph.nullVertex(), 'default');
+        assert(stageId !== 0xFFFFFFFF);
+        const layout = context.layoutGraph.getLayout(stageId);
+        const layoutData = layout.descriptorSets.get(UpdateFrequency.PER_PASS)!;
+        return layoutData;
+    }
+
+    // record common buffer
+    record (): void {
+        const cmdBuff = context.commandBuffer;
+
+        cmdBuff.bindDescriptorSet(
+            SetIndex.GLOBAL,
+            context.descriptorSet!,
+        );
+        for (const queue of this._deviceQueues) {
+            queue.record();
+        }
+        const renderData = context.renderGraph.getData(this._computeInfo.id);
+        updateGlobalDescBinding(renderData, context.renderGraph.getLayout(this._computeInfo.id));
+    }
+
+    postPass (): void {
+        // noop
+    }
+    resetResource (id: number, pass: ComputePass): void {
+        this._computeInfo.applyInfo(id, pass);
+        this._layoutName = context.renderGraph.getLayout(id);
+        this._passID = cclegacy.rendering.getPassID(this._layoutName);
+        this._deviceQueues.length = 0;
+        const colTextures: Texture[] = [];
+        for (const cv of this._computeInfo.pass.computeViews) {
+            this._applyRenderLayout(cv);
+        }
+        // update the layout descriptorSet
+        if (this.renderLayout && this.renderLayout.descriptorSet) {
+            this.renderLayout.descriptorSet.update();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 class DeviceSceneTransversal extends WebSceneTransversal {
     protected _currentQueue: DeviceRenderQueue;
     protected _graphScene: GraphScene;
@@ -1180,6 +1459,23 @@ class DeviceSceneTask extends WebSceneTask {
     }
 
     protected _recordUI (): void {
+        const devicePass = this._currentQueue.devicePass;
+        const rasterId = devicePass.rasterPassInfo.id;
+        const passRenderData = context.renderGraph.getData(rasterId);
+        // CCGlobal
+        this._updateGlobal(passRenderData);
+        // CCCamera, CCShadow, CCCSM
+        const queueId = this._currentQueue.queueId;
+        const queueRenderData = context.renderGraph.getData(queueId)!;
+        this._updateGlobal(queueRenderData);
+
+        const layoutName = context.renderGraph.getLayout(rasterId);
+        const descSetData = getDescriptorSetDataFromLayout(layoutName);
+        if (context.descriptorSet) {
+            mergeSrcToTargetDesc(descSetData!.descriptorSet, context.descriptorSet, true);
+        }
+        this._currentQueue.isUpdateUBO = true;
+
         const batches = this.camera!.scene!.batches;
         for (let i = 0; i < batches.length; i++) {
             const batch = batches[i];
@@ -1243,7 +1539,7 @@ class DeviceSceneTask extends WebSceneTask {
         const shader = pass.getShaderVariant();
         const devicePass = this._currentQueue.devicePass;
         const screenIa: InputAssembler = this._currentQueue.blitDesc!.screenQuad!.quadIA!;
-        const globalDesc = context.pipeline.descriptorSet;
+        const globalDesc = context.descriptorSet;
         let pso: PipelineState | null = null;
         if (pass !== null && shader !== null && screenIa !== null) {
             pso = PipelineStateManager.getOrCreatePipelineState(
@@ -1288,7 +1584,7 @@ class DeviceSceneTask extends WebSceneTask {
 
         const layoutName = context.renderGraph.getLayout(rasterId);
         const descSetData = getDescriptorSetDataFromLayout(layoutName);
-        mergeSrcToTargetDesc(descSetData!.descriptorSet, context.pipeline.descriptorSet, true);
+        mergeSrcToTargetDesc(descSetData!.descriptorSet, context.descriptorSet, true);
         this._currentQueue.isUpdateUBO = true;
     }
 
@@ -1332,7 +1628,7 @@ class DeviceSceneTask extends WebSceneTask {
             return;
         }
         const renderQueueDesc = sceneCulling.sceneQueryIndex.get(this.graphScene.sceneID)!;
-        const renderQueue =  sceneCulling.renderQueues[renderQueueDesc.renderQueueTarget];
+        const renderQueue = sceneCulling.renderQueues[renderQueueDesc.renderQueueTarget];
         const graphSceneData = this.graphScene.scene!;
         renderQueue.opaqueQueue.recordCommandBuffer(deviceManager.gfxDevice, this._renderPass, context.commandBuffer);
         renderQueue.opaqueInstancingQueue.recordCommandBuffer(this._renderPass, context.commandBuffer);
@@ -1340,7 +1636,7 @@ class DeviceSceneTask extends WebSceneTask {
             this._recordAdditiveLights();
             this.visitor.bindDescriptorSet(
                 SetIndex.GLOBAL,
-                context.pipeline.descriptorSet,
+                context.descriptorSet!,
             );
         }
 
@@ -1362,13 +1658,15 @@ class DeviceSceneTask extends WebSceneTask {
     }
 }
 
-class DevicePostSceneTask extends WebSceneTask {}
+class DevicePostSceneTask extends WebSceneTask { }
 
 class ExecutorPools {
     constructor (context: ExecutorContext) {
         this.deviceQueuePool = new RecyclePool<DeviceRenderQueue>((): DeviceRenderQueue => new DeviceRenderQueue(), 16);
+        this.computeQueuePool = new RecyclePool<DeviceComputeQueue>((): DeviceComputeQueue => new DeviceComputeQueue(), 16);
         this.graphScenePool = new RecyclePool<GraphScene>((): GraphScene => new GraphScene(), 16);
         this.rasterPassInfoPool = new RecyclePool<RasterPassInfo>((): RasterPassInfo => new RasterPassInfo(), 16);
+        this.computePassInfoPool = new RecyclePool<ComputePassInfo>((): ComputePassInfo => new ComputePassInfo(), 16);
         this.reflectionProbe = new RecyclePool<RenderReflectionProbeQueue>((): RenderReflectionProbeQueue => new RenderReflectionProbeQueue(context.pipeline), 8);
         this.passPool = new RecyclePool<IRenderPass>((): { priority: number; hash: number; depth: number; shaderId: number; subModel: any; passIdx: number; } => ({
             priority: 0,
@@ -1388,6 +1686,9 @@ class ExecutorPools {
     addDeviceQueue (): DeviceRenderQueue {
         return this.deviceQueuePool.add();
     }
+    addComputeQueue (): DeviceComputeQueue {
+        return this.computeQueuePool.add();
+    }
     addGraphScene (): GraphScene {
         return this.graphScenePool.add();
     }
@@ -1397,17 +1698,24 @@ class ExecutorPools {
     addRasterPassInfo (): RasterPassInfo {
         return this.rasterPassInfoPool.add();
     }
+    addComputePassInfo (): ComputePassInfo {
+        return this.computePassInfoPool.add();
+    }
     reset (): void {
         this.deviceQueuePool.reset();
+        this.computeQueuePool.reset();
         this.graphScenePool.reset();
         this.reflectionProbe.reset();
         this.resetPassInfo();
+        this.computePassInfoPool.reset();
     }
     readonly deviceQueuePool: RecyclePool<DeviceRenderQueue>;
+    readonly computeQueuePool: RecyclePool<DeviceComputeQueue>;
     readonly graphScenePool: RecyclePool<GraphScene>;
     readonly reflectionProbe: RecyclePool<RenderReflectionProbeQueue>;
     readonly passPool: RecyclePool<IRenderPass>;
     readonly rasterPassInfoPool: RecyclePool<RasterPassInfo>;
+    readonly computePassInfoPool: RecyclePool<ComputePassInfo>;
 }
 
 const vbData = new Float32Array(4 * 4);
@@ -1492,8 +1800,8 @@ class BlitInfo {
         let maxY = (renderArea.y + renderArea.height) / this._context.height;
         if (this._context.root.device.capabilities.screenSpaceSignY > 0) {
             const temp = maxY;
-            maxY       = minY;
-            minY       = temp;
+            maxY = minY;
+            minY = temp;
         }
         let n = 0;
         switch (surfaceTransform) {
@@ -1550,7 +1858,7 @@ class BlitInfo {
         }
 
         // create index buffer
-        const ibStride = Uint8Array.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;
+        const ibStride = Uint16Array.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;
         const ibSize = ibStride * 6;
 
         const quadIB: Buffer = device.createBuffer(new BufferInfo(
@@ -1564,11 +1872,11 @@ class BlitInfo {
             return inputAssemblerData;
         }
 
-        const indices = new Uint8Array(6);
+        const indices = new Uint16Array(6);
         indices[0] = 0; indices[1] = 1; indices[2] = 2;
         indices[3] = 1; indices[4] = 3; indices[5] = 2;
 
-        quadIB.update(indices);
+        quadIB.update(indices.buffer);
 
         // create input assembler
 
@@ -1599,6 +1907,7 @@ class ExecutorContext {
         layoutGraph: LayoutGraphData,
         width: number,
         height: number,
+        descriptorSet = null,
     ) {
         this.pipeline = pipeline;
         this.device = device;
@@ -1615,6 +1924,7 @@ class ExecutorContext {
         this.pools = new ExecutorPools(this);
         this.blit = new BlitInfo(this);
         this.culling = new SceneCulling();
+        this.descriptorSet = descriptorSet;
     }
     reset (): void {
         this.culling.clear();
@@ -1636,6 +1946,7 @@ class ExecutorContext {
     readonly resourceGraph: ResourceGraph;
     readonly devicePasses: Map<number, DeviceRenderPass> = new Map<number, DeviceRenderPass>();
     readonly deviceTextures: Map<string, DeviceTexture> = new Map<string, DeviceTexture>();
+    readonly deviceBuffers: Map<string, DeviceBuffer> = new Map<string, DeviceBuffer>();
     readonly layoutGraph: LayoutGraphData;
     readonly root: Root;
     readonly ubo: PipelineUBO;
@@ -1648,6 +1959,7 @@ class ExecutorContext {
     width: number;
     height: number;
     cullCamera;
+    descriptorSet: DescriptorSet | null;
 }
 
 export class Executor {
@@ -1697,6 +2009,26 @@ export class Executor {
             deviceTexs.get(name)!.release();
             deviceTexs.delete(name);
         }
+
+        const deletesBuff: string[] = [];
+        const deviceBuffs = context.deviceBuffers;
+        for (const [name, dBuff] of deviceBuffs) {
+            const resId = context.resourceGraph.vertex(name);
+            const trait = context.resourceGraph.getTraits(resId);
+            if (!resourceUses.includes(name)) {
+                switch (trait.residency) {
+                case ResourceResidency.MANAGED:
+                    deletesBuff.push(name);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for (const name of deletesBuff) {
+            deviceBuffs.get(name)!.release();
+            deviceBuffs.delete(name);
+        }
+        resourceUses.length = 0;
     }
 
     execute (rg: RenderGraph): void {
@@ -1719,6 +2051,11 @@ export class Executor {
             v.release();
         }
         context.deviceTextures.clear();
+
+        for (const [k, v] of context.deviceBuffers) {
+            v.release();
+        }
+        context.deviceBuffers.clear();
     }
     readonly _context: ExecutorContext;
     private _visitor: RenderVisitor | undefined;
@@ -1728,8 +2065,9 @@ class BaseRenderVisitor {
     public queueID = 0xFFFFFFFF;
     public sceneID = 0xFFFFFFFF;
     public passID = 0xFFFFFFFF;
-    public currPass: DeviceRenderPass | undefined;
-    public currQueue: DeviceRenderQueue | undefined;
+    public dispatchID = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+    public currPass: DeviceRenderPass | DeviceComputePass | undefined;
+    public currQueue: DeviceRenderQueue |DeviceComputeQueue | undefined;
     public rg: RenderGraph;
     constructor () {
         this.rg = context.renderGraph;
@@ -1737,6 +2075,12 @@ class BaseRenderVisitor {
     protected _isRasterPass (u: number): boolean {
         return !!context.renderGraph.tryGetRasterPass(u);
     }
+    protected isComputePass (u: number): boolean {
+        return !!context.renderGraph.tryGetCompute(u);
+    }
+    protected isDispatch (u: number): boolean {
+        return !!context.renderGraph.tryGetDispatch(u);
+    }
     protected _isQueue (u: number): boolean {
         return !!context.renderGraph.tryGetQueue(u);
     }
@@ -1747,7 +2091,17 @@ class BaseRenderVisitor {
         return !!context.renderGraph.tryGetBlit(u);
     }
     applyID (id: number): void {
-        if (this._isRasterPass(id)) { this.passID = id; } else if (this._isQueue(id)) { this.queueID = id; } else if (this._isScene(id) || this._isBlit(id)) { this.sceneID = id; }
+        if (this._isRasterPass(id)) {
+            this.passID = id;
+        } else if (this._isQueue(id)) {
+            this.queueID = id;
+        } else if (this._isScene(id) || this._isBlit(id)) {
+            this.sceneID = id;
+        } else if (this.isComputePass(id)) {
+            this.passID = id;
+        } else if (this.isDispatch(id)) {
+            this.dispatchID = id;
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -1781,27 +2135,54 @@ class PreRenderVisitor extends BaseRenderVisitor implements RenderGraphVisitor {
     computeSubpass (value: ComputeSubpass): void {
         // noop
     }
-    compute (value: ComputePass): void {
-        // noop
-    }
     resolve (value: ResolvePass): void {
         // noop
     }
-    copy (value: CopyPass): void {
-        // noop
-    }
     move (value: MovePass): void {
         // noop
     }
     raytrace (value: RaytracePass): void {
         // noop
     }
+    compute (pass: ComputePass): void {
+        if (!this.rg.getValid(this.passID)) return;
+        const devicePasses = context.devicePasses;
+        const computeInfo = new ComputePassInfo();
+        computeInfo.applyInfo(this.passID, pass);
+        this.currPass = new DeviceComputePass(computeInfo);
+
+        this.currPass.prePass();
+        this.currPass.record();
+        this.currPass.postPass();
+    }
+    copy (value: CopyPass): void {
+        if (value.uploadPairs.length) {
+            for (const upload of value.uploadPairs) {
+                const resBuffers = context.deviceBuffers;
+                const resourceGraph = context.resourceGraph;
+                const vertId = resourceGraph.vertex(upload.target);
+                resourceVisitor.resName = upload.target;
+                resourceGraph.visitVertex(resourceVisitor, vertId);
+
+                const gfxBuffer = resBuffers.get(upload.target);
+                context.device.commandBuffer.updateBuffer(gfxBuffer!.buffer!, upload.source, upload.source.byteLength);
+            }
+        }
+    }
     queue (value: RenderQueue): void {
         if (!this.rg.getValid(this.queueID)) return;
-        const deviceQueue = context.pools.addDeviceQueue();
-        deviceQueue.init(this.currPass!, value, this.queueID);
-        this.currQueue = deviceQueue;
-        this.currPass!.addQueue(deviceQueue);
+        let deviceQueue: DeviceComputeQueue | DeviceRenderQueue;
+        if ('rasterPassInfo' in this.currPass!) {
+            deviceQueue = context.pools.addDeviceQueue();
+            deviceQueue.init(this.currPass, value, this.queueID);
+            this.currQueue = deviceQueue;
+            this.currPass.addQueue(deviceQueue);
+        } else {
+            deviceQueue = context.pools.addComputeQueue();
+            deviceQueue.init(this.currPass!, value, this.queueID);
+            this.currQueue = deviceQueue;
+            this.currPass!.addQueue(deviceQueue);
+        }
         const layoutName = this.rg.getLayout(this.queueID);
         if (layoutName) {
             const layoutGraph = context.layoutGraph;
@@ -1813,18 +2194,46 @@ class PreRenderVisitor extends BaseRenderVisitor implements RenderGraphVisitor {
     }
     scene (value: SceneData): void {
         if (!this.rg.getValid(this.sceneID)) return;
+        const renderQueue = this.currQueue as DeviceRenderQueue;
         const graphScene = context.pools.addGraphScene();
         graphScene.init(value, null, this.sceneID);
-        this.currQueue!.addSceneTask(graphScene);
+        renderQueue.addSceneTask(graphScene);
     }
     blit (value: Blit): void {
         if (!this.rg.getValid(this.sceneID)) return;
+        const renderQueue = this.currQueue as DeviceRenderQueue;
         const graphScene = context.pools.addGraphScene();
         graphScene.init(null, value, -1);
-        this.currQueue!.addSceneTask(graphScene);
+        renderQueue.addSceneTask(graphScene);
     }
     dispatch (value: Dispatch): void {
-        // noop
+        let pso: PipelineState | null = null;
+        const devicePass = this.currPass as DeviceComputePass;
+        const pass = value.material?.passes[value.passID];
+        pass?.update();
+        const shader = pass?.getShaderVariant();
+
+        if (pass !== null && shader !== null) {
+            const psoInfo = new PipelineStateInfo(
+                shader,
+                pass?.pipelineLayout,
+            );
+            psoInfo.bindPoint = PipelineBindPoint.COMPUTE;
+            pso = deviceManager.gfxDevice.createPipelineState(psoInfo);
+        }
+        const cmdBuff = context.commandBuffer;
+        if (pso) {
+            cmdBuff.bindPipelineState(pso);
+            const layoutStage = devicePass.renderLayout;
+            const layoutDesc = layoutStage!.descriptorSet!;
+            const extResId: number[] = [];
+            cmdBuff.bindDescriptorSet(SetIndex.GLOBAL, layoutDesc);
+        }
+
+        const gx = value.threadGroupCountX;
+        const gy = value.threadGroupCountY;
+        const gz = value.threadGroupCountZ;
+        (cmdBuff as any).dispatch(new DispatchInfo(gx, gy, gz));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/cocos/rendering/custom/render-graph.ts b/cocos/rendering/custom/render-graph.ts
index fa3f241f839..e2b609289da 100644
--- a/cocos/rendering/custom/render-graph.ts
+++ b/cocos/rendering/custom/render-graph.ts
@@ -150,6 +150,14 @@ export class ManagedBuffer {
     fenceValue = 0;
 }
 
+export class PersistentBuffer {
+    constructor (buffer: Buffer | null = null) {
+        this.buffer = buffer;
+    }
+    /*refcount*/ buffer: Buffer | null;
+    fenceValue = 0;
+}
+
 export class ManagedTexture {
     constructor (texture: Texture | null = null) {
         this.texture = texture;
@@ -158,6 +166,14 @@ export class ManagedTexture {
     fenceValue = 0;
 }
 
+export class PersistentTexture {
+    constructor (texture: Texture | null = null) {
+        this.texture = texture;
+    }
+    /*refcount*/ texture: Texture | null;
+    fenceValue = 0;
+}
+
 export class ManagedResource {
     unused = 0;
 }
@@ -573,8 +589,8 @@ export interface ResourceGraphValueType {
     [ResourceGraphValue.Managed]: ManagedResource
     [ResourceGraphValue.ManagedBuffer]: ManagedBuffer
     [ResourceGraphValue.ManagedTexture]: ManagedTexture
-    [ResourceGraphValue.PersistentBuffer]: Buffer
-    [ResourceGraphValue.PersistentTexture]: Texture
+    [ResourceGraphValue.PersistentBuffer]: PersistentBuffer
+    [ResourceGraphValue.PersistentTexture]: PersistentTexture
     [ResourceGraphValue.Framebuffer]: Framebuffer
     [ResourceGraphValue.Swapchain]: RenderSwapchain
     [ResourceGraphValue.FormatView]: FormatView
@@ -585,8 +601,8 @@ export interface ResourceGraphVisitor {
     managed(value: ManagedResource): unknown;
     managedBuffer(value: ManagedBuffer): unknown;
     managedTexture(value: ManagedTexture): unknown;
-    persistentBuffer(value: Buffer): unknown;
-    persistentTexture(value: Texture): unknown;
+    persistentBuffer(value: PersistentBuffer): unknown;
+    persistentTexture(value: PersistentTexture): unknown;
     framebuffer(value: Framebuffer): unknown;
     swapchain(value: RenderSwapchain): unknown;
     formatView(value: FormatView): unknown;
@@ -601,7 +617,9 @@ export type ResourceGraphObject = ManagedResource
 | Framebuffer
 | RenderSwapchain
 | FormatView
-| SubresourceView;
+| SubresourceView
+| PersistentBuffer
+| PersistentTexture;
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------
 // Graph Concept
@@ -1046,9 +1064,9 @@ export class ResourceGraph implements BidirectionalGraph
         case ResourceGraphValue.ManagedTexture:
             return visitor.managedTexture(vert._object as ManagedTexture);
         case ResourceGraphValue.PersistentBuffer:
-            return visitor.persistentBuffer(vert._object as Buffer);
+            return visitor.persistentBuffer(vert._object as PersistentBuffer);
         case ResourceGraphValue.PersistentTexture:
-            return visitor.persistentTexture(vert._object as Texture);
+            return visitor.persistentTexture(vert._object as PersistentTexture);
         case ResourceGraphValue.Framebuffer:
             return visitor.framebuffer(vert._object as Framebuffer);
         case ResourceGraphValue.Swapchain:
@@ -1082,16 +1100,16 @@ export class ResourceGraph implements BidirectionalGraph
             throw Error('value id not match');
         }
     }
-    getPersistentBuffer (v: number): Buffer {
+    getPersistentBuffer (v: number): PersistentBuffer {
         if (this._vertices[v]._id === ResourceGraphValue.PersistentBuffer) {
-            return this._vertices[v]._object as Buffer;
+            return this._vertices[v]._object as PersistentBuffer;
         } else {
             throw Error('value id not match');
         }
     }
-    getPersistentTexture (v: number): Texture {
+    getPersistentTexture (v: number): PersistentTexture {
         if (this._vertices[v]._id === ResourceGraphValue.PersistentTexture) {
-            return this._vertices[v]._object as Texture;
+            return this._vertices[v]._object as PersistentTexture;
         } else {
             throw Error('value id not match');
         }
@@ -1145,16 +1163,16 @@ export class ResourceGraph implements BidirectionalGraph
             return null;
         }
     }
-    tryGetPersistentBuffer (v: number): Buffer | null {
+    tryGetPersistentBuffer (v: number): PersistentBuffer | null {
         if (this._vertices[v]._id === ResourceGraphValue.PersistentBuffer) {
-            return this._vertices[v]._object as Buffer;
+            return this._vertices[v]._object as PersistentBuffer;
         } else {
             return null;
         }
     }
-    tryGetPersistentTexture (v: number): Texture | null {
+    tryGetPersistentTexture (v: number): PersistentTexture | null {
         if (this._vertices[v]._id === ResourceGraphValue.PersistentTexture) {
-            return this._vertices[v]._object as Texture;
+            return this._vertices[v]._object as PersistentTexture;
         } else {
             return null;
         }
diff --git a/cocos/rendering/custom/web-pipeline.ts b/cocos/rendering/custom/web-pipeline.ts
index 316e90a2431..d322396155a 100644
--- a/cocos/rendering/custom/web-pipeline.ts
+++ b/cocos/rendering/custom/web-pipeline.ts
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ import { systemInfo } from 'pal/system-info';
 import { DEBUG } from 'internal:constants';
 import { Buffer, DescriptorSetLayout, Device, Feature, Format, FormatFeatureBit, Sampler, Swapchain, Texture, ClearFlagBit, DescriptorSet, deviceManager, Viewport, API, CommandBuffer, Type, SamplerInfo, Filter, Address, DescriptorSetInfo, LoadOp, StoreOp, ShaderStageFlagBit, BufferInfo, TextureInfo, TextureType, UniformBlock, ResolveMode, SampleCount, Color } from '../../gfx';
 import { Mat4, Quat, toRadian, Vec2, Vec3, Vec4, assert, macro, cclegacy, IVec4Like, IMat4Like, IVec2Like, Color as CoreColor } from '../../core';
-import { AccessType, AttachmentType, CopyPair, LightInfo, LightingMode, MovePair, QueueHint, ResolvePair, ResourceDimension, ResourceFlags, ResourceResidency, SceneFlags, UpdateFrequency } from './types';
-import { ComputeView, RasterView, Blit, ClearView, ComputePass, CopyPass, Dispatch, ManagedBuffer, ManagedResource, MovePass, RasterPass, RasterSubpass, RenderData, RenderGraph, RenderGraphComponent, RenderGraphValue, RenderQueue, RenderSwapchain, ResourceDesc, ResourceGraph, ResourceGraphValue, ResourceStates, ResourceTraits, SceneData, Subpass } from './render-graph';
+import { AccessType, AttachmentType, CopyPair, LightInfo, LightingMode, MovePair, QueueHint, ResolvePair, ResourceDimension, ResourceFlags, ResourceResidency, SceneFlags, UpdateFrequency, UploadPair } from './types';
+import { ComputeView, RasterView, Blit, ClearView, ComputePass, CopyPass, Dispatch, ManagedBuffer, ManagedResource, MovePass, RasterPass, RasterSubpass, RenderData, RenderGraph, RenderGraphComponent, RenderGraphValue, RenderQueue, RenderSwapchain, ResourceDesc, ResourceGraph, ResourceGraphValue, ResourceStates, ResourceTraits, SceneData, Subpass, PersistentBuffer } from './render-graph';
 import { ComputePassBuilder, ComputeQueueBuilder, ComputeSubpassBuilder, BasicPipeline, PipelineBuilder, RenderPassBuilder, RenderQueueBuilder, RenderSubpassBuilder, PipelineType, BasicRenderPassBuilder, PipelineCapabilities, BasicMultisampleRenderPassBuilder } from './pipeline';
 import { PipelineSceneData } from '../pipeline-scene-data';
 import { Model, Camera, ShadowType, CSMLevel, DirectionalLight, SpotLight, PCFType, Shadows, SphereLight, PointLight, RangedDirectionalLight } from '../../render-scene/scene';
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ export class WebSetter {
             value.fill(0);
             this._data.constants.set(num, value);
         }
-        this.setCurrConstant(block);
+        this.setCurrConstant(block, stage);
         return true;
     }
     public setMat4 (name: string, mat: Mat4, idx = 0): void {
@@ -632,6 +632,13 @@ function setShadowUBOView (setter: WebSetter, camera: Camera | null, layout = 'd
     }
 }
 
+function setComputeConstants (setter: WebSetter, layoutName: string): void {
+    const director = cclegacy.director;
+    const root = director.root;
+    const pipeline = root.pipeline as WebPipeline;
+    setter.addConstant('CCConst', layoutName);
+}
+
 function setCameraUBOValues (
     setter: WebSetter,
     camera: Readonly<Camera> | null,
@@ -1334,7 +1341,7 @@ export class WebComputePassBuilder extends WebSetter implements ComputePassBuild
         throw new Error('Method not implemented.');
     }
     addStorageBuffer (name: string, accessType: AccessType, slotName: string): void {
-        throw new Error('Method not implemented.');
+        this._addComputeResource(name, accessType, slotName);
     }
     addStorageImage (name: string, accessType: AccessType, slotName: string): void {
         throw new Error('Method not implemented.');
@@ -1353,6 +1360,24 @@ export class WebComputePassBuilder extends WebSetter implements ComputePassBuild
         const queueID = this._renderGraph.addVertex<RenderGraphValue.Queue>(RenderGraphValue.Queue, queue, '', layoutName, data, false, this._vertID);
         return new WebComputeQueueBuilder(data, this._renderGraph, this._layoutGraph, queueID, queue, this._pipeline);
     }
+
+    private _addComputeResource (name: string, accessType: AccessType, slotName: string): void {
+        const view = new ComputeView(slotName);
+        view.accessType = accessType;
+        if (DEBUG) {
+            assert(Boolean(view.name));
+            assert(Boolean(name && this._resourceGraph.contains(name)));
+            const descriptorName = view.name;
+            const descriptorID = this._layoutGraph.attributeIndex.get(descriptorName);
+            assert(descriptorID !== undefined);
+        }
+        if (this._pass.computeViews.has(name)) {
+            this._pass.computeViews.get(name)?.push(view);
+        } else {
+            this._pass.computeViews.set(name, [view]);
+        }
+    }
+
     private readonly _renderGraph: RenderGraph;
     private readonly _layoutGraph: LayoutGraphData;
     private readonly _resourceGraph: ResourceGraph;
@@ -1593,6 +1618,30 @@ export class WebPipeline implements BasicPipeline {
         // TODO: implement resolve pass
         throw new Error('Method not implemented.');
     }
+
+    public addComputePass (passName: string): ComputePassBuilder {
+        const name = 'Compute';
+        const pass = new ComputePass();
+
+        const data = new RenderData();
+        const vertID = this._renderGraph!.addVertex<RenderGraphValue.Compute>(RenderGraphValue.Compute, pass, name, passName, data, false);
+        const result = new WebComputePassBuilder(data, this._renderGraph!, this._layoutGraph, this._resourceGraph, vertID, pass, this._pipelineSceneData);
+        setComputeConstants(result, passName);
+        initGlobalDescBinding(data, passName);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public addUploadPass (uploadPairs: UploadPair[]): void {
+        const name = 'UploadPass';
+        const pass = new CopyPass();
+        for (const up of uploadPairs) {
+            pass.uploadPairs.push(up);
+        }
+
+        const vertID = this._renderGraph!.addVertex<RenderGraphValue.Copy>(RenderGraphValue.Copy, pass, name, '', new RenderData(), false);
+        // const result = new WebCopyPassBuilder(this._renderGraph!, vertID, pass);
+    }
+
     public addCopyPass (copyPairs: CopyPair[]): void {
         // const renderData = new RenderData();
         // const vertID = this._renderGraph!.addVertex<RenderGraphValue.Copy>(
@@ -1621,7 +1670,7 @@ export class WebPipeline implements BasicPipeline {
         let str = '';
         str += `#define CC_DEVICE_SUPPORT_FLOAT_TEXTURE ${this._device.getFormatFeatures(Format.RGBA32F)
             & (FormatFeatureBit.RENDER_TARGET | FormatFeatureBit.SAMPLED_TEXTURE) ? 1 : 0}\n`;
-        str += `#define CC_ENABLE_CLUSTERED_LIGHT_CULLING ${clusterEnabled ? 1 : 0}\n`;
+        // str += `#define CC_ENABLE_CLUSTERED_LIGHT_CULLING ${clusterEnabled ? 1 : 0}\n`; // defined in material
         str += `#define CC_DEVICE_MAX_VERTEX_UNIFORM_VECTORS ${this._device.capabilities.maxVertexUniformVectors}\n`;
         str += `#define CC_DEVICE_MAX_FRAGMENT_UNIFORM_VECTORS ${this._device.capabilities.maxFragmentUniformVectors}\n`;
         str += `#define CC_DEVICE_CAN_BENEFIT_FROM_INPUT_ATTACHMENT ${this._device.hasFeature(Feature.INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BENEFIT) ? 1 : 0}\n`;
@@ -1851,11 +1900,22 @@ export class WebPipeline implements BasicPipeline {
         desc.format = format;
         desc.flags = ResourceFlags.STORAGE;
 
+        if (residency === ResourceResidency.PERSISTENT) {
+            return this._resourceGraph.addVertex<ResourceGraphValue.PersistentBuffer>(
+                ResourceGraphValue.PersistentBuffer,
+                new PersistentBuffer(),
+                name,
+                desc,
+                new ResourceTraits(ResourceResidency.PERSISTENT),
+                new ResourceStates(),
+                new SamplerInfo(),
+            );
+        }
+
         return this._resourceGraph.addVertex<ResourceGraphValue.ManagedBuffer>(
             ResourceGraphValue.ManagedBuffer,
             new ManagedBuffer(),
             name,
-
             desc,
             new ResourceTraits(residency),
             new ResourceStates(),
diff --git a/cocos/rendering/custom/web-program-library.ts b/cocos/rendering/custom/web-program-library.ts
index 35b9f691675..ba0e5e7ee51 100644
--- a/cocos/rendering/custom/web-program-library.ts
+++ b/cocos/rendering/custom/web-program-library.ts
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
 /* eslint-disable max-len */
 import { EffectAsset } from '../../asset/assets';
-import { Attribute, DescriptorSetLayout, DescriptorType, DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_TYPE, DESCRIPTOR_SAMPLER_TYPE, Device, MemoryAccessBit, PipelineLayout, PipelineLayoutInfo, Shader, ShaderInfo, ShaderStage, ShaderStageFlagBit, Type, Uniform, UniformBlock, UniformInputAttachment, UniformSampler, UniformSamplerTexture, UniformStorageBuffer, UniformStorageImage, UniformTexture } from '../../gfx';
+import { Attribute, DescriptorSetLayout, DescriptorType, DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_TYPE, DESCRIPTOR_SAMPLER_TYPE, Device, MemoryAccessBit, PipelineLayout, PipelineLayoutInfo, Shader, ShaderInfo, ShaderStage, ShaderStageFlagBit, Type, Uniform, UniformBlock, UniformInputAttachment, UniformSampler, UniformSamplerTexture, UniformStorageBuffer, UniformStorageImage, UniformTexture, deviceManager } from '../../gfx';
 import { genHandles, getActiveAttributes, getCombinationDefines, getShaderInstanceName, getSize, getVariantKey, populateMacros, prepareDefines } from '../../render-scene/core/program-utils';
 import { getDeviceShaderVersion, MacroRecord } from '../../render-scene';
 import { IProgramInfo } from '../../render-scene/core/program-lib';
@@ -49,8 +49,89 @@ function makeProgramInfo (effectName: string, shader: EffectAsset.IShaderInfo):
     return programInfo;
 }
 
+function findBinding (shaderInfo: ShaderInfo, name: string): { set: number, binding: number } {
+    for (const v of shaderInfo.blocks) {
+        if (v.name === name) {
+            return { set: v.set, binding: v.binding };
+        }
+    }
+    for (const v of shaderInfo.buffers) {
+        if (v.name === name) {
+            return { set: v.set, binding: v.binding };
+        }
+    }
+    for (const v of shaderInfo.samplerTextures) {
+        if (v.name === name) {
+            return { set: v.set, binding: v.binding };
+        }
+    }
+    for (const v of shaderInfo.samplers) {
+        if (v.name === name) {
+            return { set: v.set, binding: v.binding };
+        }
+    }
+    for (const v of shaderInfo.textures) {
+        if (v.name === name) {
+            return { set: v.set, binding: v.binding };
+        }
+    }
+    for (const v of shaderInfo.images) {
+        if (v.name === name) {
+            return { set: v.set, binding: v.binding };
+        }
+    }
+    for (const v of shaderInfo.subpassInputs) {
+        if (v.name === name) {
+            return { set: v.set, binding: v.binding };
+        }
+    }
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+    throw console.error('binding not found in shaderInfo!');
+}
+
+function overwriteShaderSourceBinding (shaderInfo: ShaderInfo, source: string): string {
+    let code = source;
+    const samplerExp = /layout\s*\(([^\)])+\)\s+uniform\s+(\b\w+\b\s+)?sampler(\w+)\s+(\b\w+\b)/g;
+    let samplerIter = samplerExp.exec(code);
+    while (samplerIter) {
+        const name = samplerIter[4];
+        const { set, binding } = findBinding(shaderInfo, name);
+        const precStr = samplerIter[2] ? samplerIter[2] : '';
+        const replaceStr = `layout(set = ${set}, binding = ${binding}) uniform ${precStr} sampler${samplerIter[3]} ${samplerIter[4]}`;
+        code = code.replace(samplerIter[0], replaceStr);
+        samplerIter = samplerExp.exec(code);
+    }
+    const blockExp = /layout\s*\(([^\)])+\)\s*(readonly)?\s*\b(uniform|buffer)\b\s+(\b\w+\b)\s*[{;]/g;
+    let blockIter = blockExp.exec(code);
+    while (blockIter) {
+        const name = blockIter[4];
+        const { set, binding } = findBinding(shaderInfo, name);
+        const accessStr = blockIter[2] ? blockIter[2] : '';
+        const replaceStr = `layout(set = ${set}, binding = ${binding}) ${accessStr} ${blockIter[3]} ${blockIter[4]} {`;
+        code = code.replace(blockIter[0], replaceStr);
+        blockIter = blockExp.exec(code);
+    }
+    return code;
+}
+
+function overwriteShaderProgramBinding (shaderInfo: ShaderInfo, programInfo: IProgramInfo): void {
+    const version = getDeviceShaderVersion(deviceManager.gfxDevice);
+    if (version !== 'glsl4') {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (programInfo.glsl4.vert) {
+        programInfo.glsl4.vert = overwriteShaderSourceBinding(shaderInfo, programInfo.glsl4.vert);
+    }
+    if (programInfo.glsl4.frag) {
+        programInfo.glsl4.frag = overwriteShaderSourceBinding(shaderInfo, programInfo.glsl4.frag);
+    } if (programInfo.glsl4.compute) {
+        programInfo.glsl4.compute = overwriteShaderSourceBinding(shaderInfo, programInfo.glsl4.compute);
+    }
+}
+
 // overwrite IProgramInfo using gfx.ShaderInfo
 function overwriteProgramBlockInfo (shaderInfo: ShaderInfo, programInfo: IProgramInfo): void {
+    overwriteShaderProgramBinding(shaderInfo, programInfo);
     const set = _setIndex[UpdateFrequency.PER_BATCH];
     for (const block of programInfo.blocks) {
         let found = false;
@@ -74,7 +155,9 @@ function overwriteProgramBlockInfo (shaderInfo: ShaderInfo, programInfo: IProgra
 function populateGroupedShaderInfo (
     layout: DescriptorSetLayoutData,
     descriptorInfo: EffectAsset.IDescriptorInfo,
-    set: number, shaderInfo: ShaderInfo, blockSizes: number[],
+    set: number,
+    shaderInfo: ShaderInfo,
+    blockSizes: number[],
 ): void {
     for (const descriptorBlock of layout.descriptorBlocks) {
         const visibility = descriptorBlock.visibility;
@@ -88,9 +171,13 @@ function populateGroupedShaderInfo (
                 }
                 blockSizes.push(getSize(block.members));
                 shaderInfo.blocks.push(
-                    new UniformBlock(set, binding, block.name,
+                    new UniformBlock(
+                        set,
+                        binding,
+                        block.name,
                         block.members.map((m): Uniform => new Uniform(m.name, m.type, m.count)),
-                        1), // count is always 1 for UniformBlock
+                        1,
+                    ), // count is always 1 for UniformBlock
                 );
                 ++binding;
             }
@@ -103,9 +190,7 @@ function populateGroupedShaderInfo (
                 if (tex.stageFlags !== visibility) {
                     continue;
                 }
-                shaderInfo.samplerTextures.push(new UniformSamplerTexture(
-                    set, binding, tex.name, tex.type, tex.count,
-                ));
+                shaderInfo.samplerTextures.push(new UniformSamplerTexture(set, binding, tex.name, tex.type, tex.count));
                 ++binding;
             }
             break;
@@ -114,9 +199,7 @@ function populateGroupedShaderInfo (
                 if (sampler.stageFlags !== visibility) {
                     continue;
                 }
-                shaderInfo.samplers.push(new UniformSampler(
-                    set, binding, sampler.name, sampler.count,
-                ));
+                shaderInfo.samplers.push(new UniformSampler(set, binding, sampler.name, sampler.count));
                 ++binding;
             }
             break;
@@ -125,9 +208,7 @@ function populateGroupedShaderInfo (
                 if (texture.stageFlags !== visibility) {
                     continue;
                 }
-                shaderInfo.textures.push(new UniformTexture(
-                    set, binding, texture.name, texture.type, texture.count,
-                ));
+                shaderInfo.textures.push(new UniformTexture(set, binding, texture.name, texture.type, texture.count));
                 ++binding;
             }
             break;
@@ -136,9 +217,7 @@ function populateGroupedShaderInfo (
                 if (buffer.stageFlags !== visibility) {
                     continue;
                 }
-                shaderInfo.buffers.push(new UniformStorageBuffer(
-                    set, binding, buffer.name, 1, buffer.memoryAccess,
-                )); // effect compiler guarantees buffer count = 1
+                shaderInfo.buffers.push(new UniformStorageBuffer(set, binding, buffer.name, 1, buffer.memoryAccess)); // effect compiler guarantees buffer count = 1
                 ++binding;
             }
             break;
@@ -150,9 +229,7 @@ function populateGroupedShaderInfo (
                 if (image.stageFlags !== visibility) {
                     continue;
                 }
-                shaderInfo.images.push(new UniformStorageImage(
-                    set, binding, image.name, image.type, image.count, image.memoryAccess,
-                ));
+                shaderInfo.images.push(new UniformStorageImage(set, binding, image.name, image.type, image.count, image.memoryAccess));
                 ++binding;
             }
             break;
@@ -161,9 +238,7 @@ function populateGroupedShaderInfo (
                 if (subpassInput.stageFlags !== visibility) {
                     continue;
                 }
-                shaderInfo.subpassInputs.push(new UniformInputAttachment(
-                    set, subpassInput.binding, subpassInput.name, subpassInput.count,
-                ));
+                shaderInfo.subpassInputs.push(new UniformInputAttachment(set, subpassInput.binding, subpassInput.name, subpassInput.count));
                 ++binding;
             }
             break;
@@ -173,9 +248,13 @@ function populateGroupedShaderInfo (
 }
 
 // add merged descriptor to gfx.ShaderInfo
-function populateMergedShaderInfo (valueNames: string[],
+function populateMergedShaderInfo (
+    valueNames: string[],
     layout: DescriptorSetLayoutData,
-    set: number, shaderInfo: ShaderInfo, blockSizes: number[]): void {
+    set: number,
+    shaderInfo: ShaderInfo,
+    blockSizes: number[],
+): void {
     for (const descriptorBlock of layout.descriptorBlocks) {
         let binding = descriptorBlock.offset;
         switch (descriptorBlock.type) {
@@ -188,9 +267,13 @@ function populateMergedShaderInfo (valueNames: string[],
                 }
                 blockSizes.push(getSize(uniformBlock.members));
                 shaderInfo.blocks.push(
-                    new UniformBlock(set, binding, valueNames[block.descriptorID],
+                    new UniformBlock(
+                        set,
+                        binding,
+                        valueNames[block.descriptorID],
                         uniformBlock.members.map((m): Uniform => new Uniform(m.name, m.type, m.count)),
-                        1), // count is always 1 for UniformBlock
+                        1,
+                    ), // count is always 1 for UniformBlock
                 );
                 ++binding;
             }
@@ -203,32 +286,29 @@ function populateMergedShaderInfo (valueNames: string[],
             break;
         case DescriptorTypeOrder.SAMPLER_TEXTURE:
             for (const tex of descriptorBlock.descriptors) {
-                shaderInfo.samplerTextures.push(new UniformSamplerTexture(
-                    set, binding, valueNames[tex.descriptorID], tex.type, tex.count,
-                ));
+                shaderInfo.samplerTextures.push(new UniformSamplerTexture(set, binding, valueNames[tex.descriptorID], tex.type, tex.count));
                 ++binding;
             }
             break;
         case DescriptorTypeOrder.SAMPLER:
             for (const sampler of descriptorBlock.descriptors) {
-                shaderInfo.samplers.push(new UniformSampler(
-                    set, binding, valueNames[sampler.descriptorID], sampler.count,
-                ));
+                shaderInfo.samplers.push(new UniformSampler(set, binding, valueNames[sampler.descriptorID], sampler.count));
                 ++binding;
             }
             break;
         case DescriptorTypeOrder.TEXTURE:
             for (const texture of descriptorBlock.descriptors) {
-                shaderInfo.textures.push(new UniformTexture(
-                    set, binding, valueNames[texture.descriptorID], texture.type, texture.count,
-                ));
+                shaderInfo.textures.push(new UniformTexture(set, binding, valueNames[texture.descriptorID], texture.type, texture.count));
                 ++binding;
             }
             break;
         case DescriptorTypeOrder.STORAGE_BUFFER:
             for (const buffer of descriptorBlock.descriptors) {
                 shaderInfo.buffers.push(new UniformStorageBuffer(
-                    set, binding, valueNames[buffer.descriptorID], 1,
+                    set,
+                    binding,
+                    valueNames[buffer.descriptorID],
+                    1,
                     MemoryAccessBit.READ_WRITE/*buffer.memoryAccess*/,
                 )); // effect compiler guarantees buffer count = 1
                 ++binding;
@@ -240,7 +320,11 @@ function populateMergedShaderInfo (valueNames: string[],
         case DescriptorTypeOrder.STORAGE_IMAGE:
             for (const image of descriptorBlock.descriptors) {
                 shaderInfo.images.push(new UniformStorageImage(
-                    set, binding, valueNames[image.descriptorID], image.type, image.count,
+                    set,
+                    binding,
+                    valueNames[image.descriptorID],
+                    image.type,
+                    image.count,
                     MemoryAccessBit.READ_WRITE/*image.memoryAccess*/,
                 ));
                 ++binding;
@@ -248,9 +332,7 @@ function populateMergedShaderInfo (valueNames: string[],
             break;
         case DescriptorTypeOrder.INPUT_ATTACHMENT:
             for (const subpassInput of descriptorBlock.descriptors) {
-                shaderInfo.subpassInputs.push(new UniformInputAttachment(
-                    set, binding, valueNames[subpassInput.descriptorID], subpassInput.count,
-                ));
+                shaderInfo.subpassInputs.push(new UniformInputAttachment(set, binding, valueNames[subpassInput.descriptorID], subpassInput.count));
                 ++binding;
             }
             break;
@@ -262,56 +344,53 @@ function populateMergedShaderInfo (valueNames: string[],
 // add descriptor from effect to gfx.ShaderInfo
 function populateShaderInfo (
     descriptorInfo: EffectAsset.IDescriptorInfo,
-    set: number, shaderInfo: ShaderInfo, blockSizes: number[],
+    set: number,
+    shaderInfo: ShaderInfo,
+    blockSizes: number[],
 ): void {
     for (let i = 0; i < descriptorInfo.blocks.length; i++) {
         const block = descriptorInfo.blocks[i];
         blockSizes.push(getSize(block.members));
-        shaderInfo.blocks.push(new UniformBlock(set, block.binding, block.name,
-            block.members.map((m): Uniform => new Uniform(m.name, m.type, m.count)), 1)); // effect compiler guarantees block count = 1
+        shaderInfo.blocks.push(new UniformBlock(
+            set,
+            block.binding,
+            block.name,
+            block.members.map((m): Uniform => new Uniform(m.name, m.type, m.count)),
+            1,
+        )); // effect compiler guarantees block count = 1
     }
     for (let i = 0; i < descriptorInfo.samplerTextures.length; i++) {
         const samplerTexture = descriptorInfo.samplerTextures[i];
-        shaderInfo.samplerTextures.push(new UniformSamplerTexture(
-            set, samplerTexture.binding, samplerTexture.name, samplerTexture.type, samplerTexture.count,
-        ));
+        shaderInfo.samplerTextures.push(new UniformSamplerTexture(set, samplerTexture.binding, samplerTexture.name, samplerTexture.type, samplerTexture.count));
     }
     for (let i = 0; i < descriptorInfo.samplers.length; i++) {
         const sampler = descriptorInfo.samplers[i];
-        shaderInfo.samplers.push(new UniformSampler(
-            set, sampler.binding, sampler.name, sampler.count,
-        ));
+        shaderInfo.samplers.push(new UniformSampler(set, sampler.binding, sampler.name, sampler.count));
     }
     for (let i = 0; i < descriptorInfo.textures.length; i++) {
         const texture = descriptorInfo.textures[i];
-        shaderInfo.textures.push(new UniformTexture(
-            set, texture.binding, texture.name, texture.type, texture.count,
-        ));
+        shaderInfo.textures.push(new UniformTexture(set, texture.binding, texture.name, texture.type, texture.count));
     }
     for (let i = 0; i < descriptorInfo.buffers.length; i++) {
         const buffer = descriptorInfo.buffers[i];
-        shaderInfo.buffers.push(new UniformStorageBuffer(
-            set, buffer.binding, buffer.name, 1, buffer.memoryAccess,
-        )); // effect compiler guarantees buffer count = 1
+        shaderInfo.buffers.push(new UniformStorageBuffer(set, buffer.binding, buffer.name, 1, buffer.memoryAccess)); // effect compiler guarantees buffer count = 1
     }
     for (let i = 0; i < descriptorInfo.images.length; i++) {
         const image = descriptorInfo.images[i];
-        shaderInfo.images.push(new UniformStorageImage(
-            set, image.binding, image.name, image.type, image.count, image.memoryAccess,
-        ));
+        shaderInfo.images.push(new UniformStorageImage(set, image.binding, image.name, image.type, image.count, image.memoryAccess));
     }
     for (let i = 0; i < descriptorInfo.subpassInputs.length; i++) {
         const subpassInput = descriptorInfo.subpassInputs[i];
-        shaderInfo.subpassInputs.push(new UniformInputAttachment(
-            set, subpassInput.binding, subpassInput.name, subpassInput.count,
-        ));
+        shaderInfo.subpassInputs.push(new UniformInputAttachment(set, subpassInput.binding, subpassInput.name, subpassInput.count));
     }
 }
 
 // add fixed local descriptors to gfx.ShaderInfo
 function populateLocalShaderInfo (
     target: EffectAsset.IDescriptorInfo,
-    source: IDescriptorSetLayoutInfo, shaderInfo: ShaderInfo, blockSizes: number[],
+    source: IDescriptorSetLayoutInfo,
+    shaderInfo: ShaderInfo,
+    blockSizes: number[],
 ): void {
     const set = _setIndex[UpdateFrequency.PER_INSTANCE];
     for (let i = 0; i < target.blocks.length; i++) {
@@ -323,8 +402,13 @@ function populateLocalShaderInfo (
             continue;
         }
         blockSizes.push(getSize(block.members));
-        shaderInfo.blocks.push(new UniformBlock(set, binding.binding, block.name,
-            block.members.map((m): Uniform => new Uniform(m.name, m.type, m.count)), 1)); // effect compiler guarantees block count = 1
+        shaderInfo.blocks.push(new UniformBlock(
+            set,
+            binding.binding,
+            block.name,
+            block.members.map((m): Uniform => new Uniform(m.name, m.type, m.count)),
+            1,
+        )); // effect compiler guarantees block count = 1
     }
     for (let i = 0; i < target.samplerTextures.length; i++) {
         const samplerTexture = target.samplerTextures[i];
@@ -334,9 +418,7 @@ function populateLocalShaderInfo (
             console.warn(`builtin samplerTexture '${samplerTexture.name}' not available!`);
             continue;
         }
-        shaderInfo.samplerTextures.push(new UniformSamplerTexture(
-            set, binding.binding, samplerTexture.name, samplerTexture.type, samplerTexture.count,
-        ));
+        shaderInfo.samplerTextures.push(new UniformSamplerTexture(set, binding.binding, samplerTexture.name, samplerTexture.type, samplerTexture.count));
     }
 }
 
@@ -362,21 +444,25 @@ function getIDescriptorSetLayoutInfoSamplerTextureCapacity (info: IDescriptorSet
     return capacity;
 }
 
-function setFlattenedUniformBlockBinding (setOffsets: number[],
-    descriptors: UniformBlock[]): void {
+function setFlattenedUniformBlockBinding (
+    setOffsets: number[],
+    descriptors: UniformBlock[],
+): void {
     for (const d of descriptors) {
         d.flattened = setOffsets[d.set] + d.binding;
     }
 }
 
-function setFlattenedSamplerTextureBinding (setOffsets: number[],
+function setFlattenedSamplerTextureBinding (
+    setOffsets: number[],
     uniformBlockCapacities: number[],
     descriptors: UniformSamplerTexture[]
     | UniformSampler[]
     | UniformTexture[]
     | UniformStorageBuffer[]
     | UniformStorageImage[]
-    | UniformInputAttachment[]): void {
+    | UniformInputAttachment[],
+): void {
     for (const d of descriptors) {
         d.flattened = setOffsets[d.set] + d.binding - uniformBlockCapacities[d.set];
     }
@@ -463,16 +549,26 @@ function makeShaderInfo (
         const passLayout = passLayouts.descriptorSets.get(UpdateFrequency.PER_PASS);
         if (passLayout) {
             descriptorSets[UpdateFrequency.PER_PASS] = passLayout.descriptorSetLayoutData;
-            populateMergedShaderInfo(lg.valueNames, passLayout.descriptorSetLayoutData,
-                _setIndex[UpdateFrequency.PER_PASS], shaderInfo, blockSizes);
+            populateMergedShaderInfo(
+                lg.valueNames,
+                passLayout.descriptorSetLayoutData,
+                _setIndex[UpdateFrequency.PER_PASS],
+                shaderInfo,
+                blockSizes,
+            );
         }
     }
     { // phase
         const phaseLayout = phaseLayouts.descriptorSets.get(UpdateFrequency.PER_PHASE);
         if (phaseLayout) {
             descriptorSets[UpdateFrequency.PER_PHASE] = phaseLayout.descriptorSetLayoutData;
-            populateMergedShaderInfo(lg.valueNames, phaseLayout.descriptorSetLayoutData,
-                _setIndex[UpdateFrequency.PER_PHASE], shaderInfo, blockSizes);
+            populateMergedShaderInfo(
+                lg.valueNames,
+                phaseLayout.descriptorSetLayoutData,
+                _setIndex[UpdateFrequency.PER_PHASE],
+                shaderInfo,
+                blockSizes,
+            );
         }
     }
     { // batch
@@ -481,16 +577,27 @@ function makeShaderInfo (
             const perBatch = programData.layout.descriptorSets.get(UpdateFrequency.PER_BATCH);
             if (perBatch) {
                 descriptorSets[UpdateFrequency.PER_BATCH] = perBatch.descriptorSetLayoutData;
-                populateMergedShaderInfo(lg.valueNames, perBatch.descriptorSetLayoutData,
-                    _setIndex[UpdateFrequency.PER_BATCH], shaderInfo, blockSizes);
+                populateMergedShaderInfo(
+                    lg.valueNames,
+                    perBatch.descriptorSetLayoutData,
+                    _setIndex[UpdateFrequency.PER_BATCH],
+                    shaderInfo,
+                    blockSizes,
+                );
             }
         } else {
             const batchLayout = phaseLayouts.descriptorSets.get(UpdateFrequency.PER_BATCH);
             if (batchLayout) {
                 descriptorSets[UpdateFrequency.PER_BATCH] = batchLayout.descriptorSetLayoutData;
-                populateGroupedShaderInfo(batchLayout.descriptorSetLayoutData,
-                    batchInfo, _setIndex[UpdateFrequency.PER_BATCH],
-                    shaderInfo, blockSizes);
+                populateGroupedShaderInfo(
+                    batchLayout.descriptorSetLayoutData,
+                    batchInfo,
+
+                    _setIndex[UpdateFrequency.PER_BATCH],
+                    shaderInfo,
+
+                    blockSizes,
+                );
             }
         }
     }
@@ -504,17 +611,28 @@ function makeShaderInfo (
                 const perInstance = programData.layout.descriptorSets.get(UpdateFrequency.PER_INSTANCE);
                 if (perInstance) {
                     descriptorSets[UpdateFrequency.PER_INSTANCE] = perInstance.descriptorSetLayoutData;
-                    populateMergedShaderInfo(lg.valueNames, perInstance.descriptorSetLayoutData,
-                        _setIndex[UpdateFrequency.PER_INSTANCE], shaderInfo, blockSizes);
+                    populateMergedShaderInfo(
+                        lg.valueNames,
+                        perInstance.descriptorSetLayoutData,
+                        _setIndex[UpdateFrequency.PER_INSTANCE],
+                        shaderInfo,
+                        blockSizes,
+                    );
                 }
             }
         } else {
             const instanceLayout = phaseLayouts.descriptorSets.get(UpdateFrequency.PER_INSTANCE);
             if (instanceLayout) {
                 descriptorSets[UpdateFrequency.PER_INSTANCE] = instanceLayout.descriptorSetLayoutData;
-                populateGroupedShaderInfo(instanceLayout.descriptorSetLayoutData,
-                    instanceInfo, _setIndex[UpdateFrequency.PER_INSTANCE],
-                    shaderInfo, blockSizes);
+                populateGroupedShaderInfo(
+                    instanceLayout.descriptorSetLayoutData,
+                    instanceInfo,
+
+                    _setIndex[UpdateFrequency.PER_INSTANCE],
+                    shaderInfo,
+
+                    blockSizes,
+                );
             }
         }
     }
@@ -554,8 +672,10 @@ function getDescriptorNameAndType (source: IDescriptorSetLayoutInfo, binding: nu
 }
 
 // make DescriptorSetLayoutData from local descriptor set info
-function makeLocalDescriptorSetLayoutData (lg: LayoutGraphData,
-    source: IDescriptorSetLayoutInfo): DescriptorSetLayoutData {
+function makeLocalDescriptorSetLayoutData (
+    lg: LayoutGraphData,
+    source: IDescriptorSetLayoutInfo,
+): DescriptorSetLayoutData {
     const data = new DescriptorSetLayoutData();
     for (const b of source.bindings) {
         const [name, type] = getDescriptorNameAndType(source, b.binding);
@@ -582,24 +702,32 @@ function makeLocalDescriptorSetLayoutData (lg: LayoutGraphData,
 function buildProgramData (
     programName: string,
     srcShaderInfo: EffectAsset.IShaderInfo,
-    lg: LayoutGraphData, phase: RenderPhaseData, programData: ShaderProgramData,
+    lg: LayoutGraphData,
+    phase: RenderPhaseData,
+    programData: ShaderProgramData,
     fixedLocal: boolean,
 ): void {
     {
-        const perBatch = makeDescriptorSetLayoutData(lg,
+        const perBatch = makeDescriptorSetLayoutData(
+            lg,
             UpdateFrequency.PER_BATCH,
             _setIndex[UpdateFrequency.PER_BATCH],
-            srcShaderInfo.descriptors[UpdateFrequency.PER_BATCH]);
+            srcShaderInfo.descriptors[UpdateFrequency.PER_BATCH],
+        );
         const setData = new DescriptorSetData(perBatch);
-        initializeDescriptorSetLayoutInfo(setData.descriptorSetLayoutData,
-            setData.descriptorSetLayoutInfo);
+        initializeDescriptorSetLayoutInfo(
+            setData.descriptorSetLayoutData,
+            setData.descriptorSetLayoutInfo,
+        );
         programData.layout.descriptorSets.set(UpdateFrequency.PER_BATCH, setData);
     }
     if (fixedLocal) {
         const perInstance = makeLocalDescriptorSetLayoutData(lg, localDescriptorSetLayout);
         const setData = new DescriptorSetData(perInstance);
-        initializeDescriptorSetLayoutInfo(setData.descriptorSetLayoutData,
-            setData.descriptorSetLayoutInfo);
+        initializeDescriptorSetLayoutInfo(
+            setData.descriptorSetLayoutData,
+            setData.descriptorSetLayoutInfo,
+        );
         if (localDescriptorSetLayout.bindings.length !== setData.descriptorSetLayoutInfo.bindings.length) {
             console.error('local descriptor set layout inconsistent');
         } else {
@@ -616,13 +744,17 @@ function buildProgramData (
         }
         programData.layout.descriptorSets.set(UpdateFrequency.PER_INSTANCE, setData);
     } else {
-        const perInstance = makeDescriptorSetLayoutData(lg,
+        const perInstance = makeDescriptorSetLayoutData(
+            lg,
             UpdateFrequency.PER_INSTANCE,
             _setIndex[UpdateFrequency.PER_INSTANCE],
-            srcShaderInfo.descriptors[UpdateFrequency.PER_INSTANCE]);
+            srcShaderInfo.descriptors[UpdateFrequency.PER_INSTANCE],
+        );
         const setData = new DescriptorSetData(perInstance);
-        initializeDescriptorSetLayoutInfo(setData.descriptorSetLayoutData,
-            setData.descriptorSetLayoutInfo);
+        initializeDescriptorSetLayoutInfo(
+            setData.descriptorSetLayoutData,
+            setData.descriptorSetLayoutInfo,
+        );
         programData.layout.descriptorSets.set(UpdateFrequency.PER_INSTANCE, setData);
     }
     const shaderID = phase.shaderPrograms.length;
@@ -631,9 +763,13 @@ function buildProgramData (
 }
 
 // get or create PerProgram gfx.DescriptorSetLayout
-function getOrCreateProgramDescriptorSetLayout (device: Device,
-    lg: LayoutGraphData, phaseID: number,
-    programName: string, rate: UpdateFrequency): DescriptorSetLayout {
+function getOrCreateProgramDescriptorSetLayout (
+    device: Device,
+    lg: LayoutGraphData,
+    phaseID: number,
+    programName: string,
+    rate: UpdateFrequency,
+): DescriptorSetLayout {
     assert(rate < UpdateFrequency.PER_PHASE);
     const phase = lg.getRenderPhase(phaseID);
     const programID = phase.shaderIndex.get(programName);
@@ -654,9 +790,13 @@ function getOrCreateProgramDescriptorSetLayout (device: Device,
 }
 
 // get PerProgram gfx.DescriptorSetLayout
-function getProgramDescriptorSetLayout (device: Device,
-    lg: LayoutGraphData, phaseID: number,
-    programName: string, rate: UpdateFrequency): DescriptorSetLayout | null {
+function getProgramDescriptorSetLayout (
+    device: Device,
+    lg: LayoutGraphData,
+    phaseID: number,
+    programName: string,
+    rate: UpdateFrequency,
+): DescriptorSetLayout | null {
     assert(rate < UpdateFrequency.PER_PHASE);
     const phase = lg.getRenderPhase(phaseID);
     const programID = phase.shaderIndex.get(programName);
@@ -677,8 +817,11 @@ function getProgramDescriptorSetLayout (device: Device,
 }
 
 // find shader program in LayoutGraphData
-function getEffectShader (lg: LayoutGraphData, effect: EffectAsset,
-    pass: EffectAsset.IPassInfo): [number, number, number, EffectAsset.IShaderInfo | null, number] {
+function getEffectShader (
+    lg: LayoutGraphData,
+    effect: EffectAsset,
+    pass: EffectAsset.IPassInfo,
+): [number, number, number, EffectAsset.IShaderInfo | null, number] {
     const programName = pass.program;
     const passID = getCustomPassID(lg, pass.pass);
     if (passID === INVALID_ID) {
@@ -766,8 +909,14 @@ export class WebProgramLibrary implements ProgramLibrary {
                 }
 
                 // shaderInfo and blockSizes
-                const [shaderInfo, blockSizes] = makeShaderInfo(lg, passLayout, phaseLayout,
-                    srcShaderInfo, programData, this.fixedLocal);
+                const [shaderInfo, blockSizes] = makeShaderInfo(
+                    lg,
+                    passLayout,
+                    phaseLayout,
+                    srcShaderInfo,
+                    programData,
+                    this.fixedLocal,
+                );
 
                 // overwrite programInfo
                 overwriteProgramBlockInfo(shaderInfo, programInfo);
@@ -777,9 +926,7 @@ export class WebProgramLibrary implements ProgramLibrary {
                 // attributes
                 const attributes = new Array<Attribute>();
                 for (const attr of programInfo.attributes) {
-                    attributes.push(new Attribute(
-                        attr.name, attr.format, attr.isNormalized, 0, attr.isInstanced, attr.location,
-                    ));
+                    attributes.push(new Attribute(attr.name, attr.format, attr.isNormalized, 0, attr.isInstanced, attr.location));
                 }
                 // create programInfo
                 const info = new ProgramInfo(programInfo, shaderInfo, attributes, blockSizes, handleMap);
@@ -805,9 +952,7 @@ export class WebProgramLibrary implements ProgramLibrary {
                 }
                 const defines = getCombinationDefines(combination);
                 defines.forEach(
-                    (defines) => this.getProgramVariant(
-                        device, phaseID, programName, defines,
-                    ),
+                    (defines) => this.getProgramVariant(device, phaseID, programName, defines),
                 );
             }
         }
@@ -887,8 +1032,14 @@ export class WebProgramLibrary implements ProgramLibrary {
 
         // prepare shader info
         const shaderInfo = info.shaderInfo;
-        shaderInfo.stages[0].source = prefix + src.vert;
-        shaderInfo.stages[1].source = prefix + src.frag;
+        if (src.compute) {
+            shaderInfo.stages[0].source = prefix + src.compute;
+            shaderInfo.stages[0].stage = ShaderStageFlagBit.COMPUTE;
+            shaderInfo.stages.length = 1;
+        } else {
+            shaderInfo.stages[0].source = prefix + src.vert;
+            shaderInfo.stages[1].source = prefix + src.frag;
+        }
         shaderInfo.attributes = getActiveAttributes(programInfo, info.attributes, defines);
         shaderInfo.name = getShaderInstanceName(name, macroArray);
 
@@ -909,8 +1060,13 @@ export class WebProgramLibrary implements ProgramLibrary {
             const subpassOrPassID = this.layoutGraph.getParent(phaseID);
             return getOrCreateDescriptorSetLayout(this.layoutGraph, subpassOrPassID, phaseID, UpdateFrequency.PER_BATCH);
         }
-        return getOrCreateProgramDescriptorSetLayout(device, this.layoutGraph,
-            phaseID, programName, UpdateFrequency.PER_BATCH);
+        return getOrCreateProgramDescriptorSetLayout(
+            device,
+            this.layoutGraph,
+            phaseID,
+            programName,
+            UpdateFrequency.PER_BATCH,
+        );
     }
     // get local descriptor set layout
     getLocalDescriptorSetLayout (device: Device, phaseID: number, programName: string): DescriptorSetLayout {
@@ -919,8 +1075,13 @@ export class WebProgramLibrary implements ProgramLibrary {
             const subpassOrPassID = this.layoutGraph.getParent(phaseID);
             return getOrCreateDescriptorSetLayout(this.layoutGraph, subpassOrPassID, phaseID, UpdateFrequency.PER_INSTANCE);
         }
-        return getOrCreateProgramDescriptorSetLayout(device, this.layoutGraph,
-            phaseID, programName, UpdateFrequency.PER_INSTANCE);
+        return getOrCreateProgramDescriptorSetLayout(
+            device,
+            this.layoutGraph,
+            phaseID,
+            programName,
+            UpdateFrequency.PER_INSTANCE,
+        );
     }
     // get related uniform block sizes
     getBlockSizes (phaseID: number, programName: string): number[] {
diff --git a/cocos/webgpu/instantiated.ts b/cocos/webgpu/instantiated.ts
index baef8832445..92d548d1fae 100644
--- a/cocos/webgpu/instantiated.ts
+++ b/cocos/webgpu/instantiated.ts
@@ -30,15 +30,22 @@
 import { WASM_SUPPORT_MODE, WEBGPU } from 'internal:constants';
 import webgpuUrl from 'external:emscripten/webgpu/webgpu_wasm.wasm';
 import glslangUrl from 'external:emscripten/webgpu/glslang.wasm';
+import twgslUrl from 'external:emscripten/webgpu/twgsl.wasm'
+
 import wasmDevice from 'external:emscripten/webgpu/webgpu_wasm.js';
 import glslangLoader from 'external:emscripten/webgpu/glslang.js';
+import twgslLoader from 'external:emscripten/webgpu/twgsl.js'
 import { legacyCC } from '../core/global-exports';
 import { WebAssemblySupportMode } from '../misc/webassembly-support';
 
-export const glslalgWasmModule: any = {
+export const glslangWasmModule: any = {
     glslang: null,
 };
 
+export const twgslModule: any = {
+    twgsl: null,
+};
+
 export const gfx: any = legacyCC.gfx = {
     wasmBinary: null,
     nativeDevice: null,
@@ -54,7 +61,10 @@ export const promiseForWebGPUInstantiation = (() => {
         // TODO: we need to support AsmJS fallback option
         return Promise.all([
             glslangLoader(new URL(glslangUrl, import.meta.url).href).then((res) => {
-                glslalgWasmModule.glslang = res;
+                glslangWasmModule.glslang = res;
+            }),
+            twgslLoader(new URL(twgslUrl, import.meta.url).href).then((data) => {
+                twgslModule.twgsl = data;
             }),
             new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
                 fetch(new URL(webgpuUrl, import.meta.url).href).then((response) => {
diff --git a/editor/assets/chunks/common/math/coordinates.chunk b/editor/assets/chunks/common/math/coordinates.chunk
index c994cfc699d..1628ab0bb9e 100644
--- a/editor/assets/chunks/common/math/coordinates.chunk
+++ b/editor/assets/chunks/common/math/coordinates.chunk
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // cc_cameraPos.w is flipNDCSign
 #pragma define CC_HANDLE_NDC_SAMPLE_FLIP(uv, flipNDCSign) uv = flipNDCSign == 1.0 ? vec2(uv.x, 1.0 - uv.y) : uv
 
-#ifdef CC_USE_METAL
+#if defined(CC_USE_METAL) || defined(CC_USE_WGPU)
 #define CC_HANDLE_SAMPLE_NDC_FLIP_STATIC(y) y = -y
 #else
 #define CC_HANDLE_SAMPLE_NDC_FLIP_STATIC(y)
diff --git a/editor/assets/chunks/legacy/shading-cluster-additive.chunk b/editor/assets/chunks/legacy/shading-cluster-additive.chunk
index 0bf35248e78..ba4c16be3a7 100644
--- a/editor/assets/chunks/legacy/shading-cluster-additive.chunk
+++ b/editor/assets/chunks/legacy/shading-cluster-additive.chunk
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #pragma define CLUSTERS_X 16u
 #pragma define CLUSTERS_Y 8u
 #pragma define CLUSTERS_Z 24u
-#pragma define MAX_LIGHTS_PER_CLUSTER 100u
+#pragma define MAX_LIGHTS_PER_CLUSTER 200u
 
 #pragma rate b_ccLightsBuffer pass
 #pragma glBinding(0)
diff --git a/editor/assets/effects/pipeline/cluster-culling.effect b/editor/assets/effects/pipeline/cluster-culling.effect
index 9c418b01383..510d4ad9bfe 100644
--- a/editor/assets/effects/pipeline/cluster-culling.effect
+++ b/editor/assets/effects/pipeline/cluster-culling.effect
@@ -88,10 +88,18 @@ CCProgram cluster-main %{
       vec3 center = (cluster.minBounds + cluster.maxBounds) * 0.5;
       float sphereRadius = sqrt(dot(halfExtents, halfExtents));
       light.cc_lightDir = ((cc_matView) * (vec4(light.cc_lightDir.xyz, 1.0)));
-      light.cc_lightDir.xyz = normalize((light.cc_lightDir - ((cc_matView) * (vec4(0,0,0, 1.0)))).xyz).xyz;
+      light.cc_lightDir.xyz = (light.cc_lightDir - ((cc_matView) * (vec4(0,0,0, 1.0)))).xyz;
+      if (length(light.cc_lightDir.xyz) > 0.1) {
+        light.cc_lightDir.xyz = normalize(light.cc_lightDir.xyz);
+      }
       vec3 v = center - light.cc_lightPos.xyz;
       float lenSq = dot(v, v);
       float v1Len = dot(v, light.cc_lightDir.xyz);
+      if(light.cc_lightDir.w == 1.0) {
+        v1Len = sqrt(lenSq);
+        return (v1Len <= sphereRadius  + light.cc_lightSizeRangeAngle.y);
+      }
+
       float cosAngle = light.cc_lightSizeRangeAngle.z;
       float sinAngle = sqrt(1.0 - cosAngle * cosAngle);
       float distanceClosestPoint = cosAngle * sqrt(lenSq - v1Len * v1Len) - v1Len * sinAngle;
@@ -108,7 +116,7 @@ CCProgram cluster-main %{
   layout(local_size_x = LOCAL_SIZE_X, local_size_y = LOCAL_SIZE_Y, local_size_z = LOCAL_SIZE_Z) in;
   void main()
   {
-    uint visibleLights[100];
+    uint visibleLights[200];
     uint visibleCount = 0u;
     uint clusterIndex = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z * gl_WorkGroupSize.x * gl_WorkGroupSize.y +
       gl_GlobalInvocationID.y * gl_WorkGroupSize.x +
@@ -127,7 +135,7 @@ CCProgram cluster-main %{
       }
       barrier();
       for (uint i = 0u; i < batchSize; i++) {
-        if (visibleCount < 100u && ccLightIntersectsCluster(lights[i], cluster)) {
+        if (visibleCount < 200u && ccLightIntersectsCluster(lights[i], cluster)) {
           visibleLights[visibleCount] = lightOffset + i;
           visibleCount++;
         }
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/CMakeLists.txt b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/CMakeLists.txt
index f828214a099..0c1b3e6a052 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ set(EMS_LINK_FLAGS
 )
 
 if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
-    string(APPEND EMS_LINK_FLAGS " -s ASSERTIONS=2")
+    string(APPEND EMS_LINK_FLAGS " -g -s ASSERTIONS=2")
 endif()
 
 set_target_properties(${APP_NAME}_wasm PROPERTIES RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${ENGINE_ROOT_DIR}/external/emscripten/webgpu)
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUExports.h b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUExports.h
index a9547026a0f..6bfdc38f290 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUExports.h
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-wgpu/WGPUExports.h
@@ -305,8 +305,7 @@ EMSCRIPTEN_BINDINGS(WEBGPU_DEVICE_WASM_EXPORT) {
         .property("layout", &DescriptorSet::getLayout)
         .property("objectID", select_overload<uint32_t(void) const>(&DescriptorSet::getObjectID));
     class_<CCWGPUDescriptorSet, base<DescriptorSet>>("CCWGPUDescriptorSet")
-        // .property("gpuDescriptorSet", &CCWGPUDescriptorSet::gpuDescriptors)
-        .function("updateFrom", &CCWGPUDescriptorSet::setGpuDescriptors)
+        .property("gpuDescriptorSet", &CCWGPUDescriptorSet::gpuDescriptors, &CCWGPUDescriptorSet::setGpuDescriptors)
         .constructor<>();
 
     class_<PipelineLayout>("PipelineLayout")
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/pipeline/ClusterLightCulling.h b/native/cocos/renderer/pipeline/ClusterLightCulling.h
index bfff4b5ad2b..0c01dbd51b6 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/pipeline/ClusterLightCulling.h
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/pipeline/ClusterLightCulling.h
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class ClusterLightCulling {
 
     static constexpr uint32_t CLUSTER_COUNT = CLUSTERS_X * CLUSTERS_Y * CLUSTERS_Z;
 
-    static constexpr uint32_t MAX_LIGHTS_PER_CLUSTER = 100;
+    static constexpr uint32_t MAX_LIGHTS_PER_CLUSTER = 200;
 
     static constexpr uint32_t MAX_LIGHTS_GLOBAL = 1000;
 

From 2788ed62e6083ff7549bfa020f4f746ff11c5138 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zeqiang Li <zeqiang-li@outlook.com>
Date: Mon, 11 Sep 2023 18:46:02 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 45/59] update webgpu external config (#16243)

---
 native/external-config.json | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/native/external-config.json b/native/external-config.json
index 3ca4544ecc4..78510379602 100644
--- a/native/external-config.json
+++ b/native/external-config.json
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@
         "type": "github",
         "owner": "cocos-creator",
         "name": "engine-native-external",
-        "checkout": "v3.8.2-4"
+        "checkout": "v3.8.2-6"
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file

From cc2a1a8ac87c9db7601a3ae686c92df4fc38c430 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zeqiang Li <zeqiang-li@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2023 10:07:39 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 46/59] fix recursive call (#16245)

---
 native/cocos/renderer/gfx-agent/DescriptorSetAgent.cpp | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-agent/DescriptorSetAgent.cpp b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-agent/DescriptorSetAgent.cpp
index 620cc9def43..dd27575663e 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-agent/DescriptorSetAgent.cpp
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-agent/DescriptorSetAgent.cpp
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ void DescriptorSetAgent::forceUpdate() {
 }
 
 void DescriptorSetAgent::bindBuffer(uint32_t binding, Buffer *buffer, uint32_t index, AccessFlags flags) {
-    DescriptorSet::bindBuffer(binding, buffer, index);
+    DescriptorSet::bindBuffer(binding, buffer, index, flags);
 
     ENQUEUE_MESSAGE_5(
         DeviceAgent::getInstance()->getMessageQueue(),
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ void DescriptorSetAgent::bindBuffer(uint32_t binding, Buffer *buffer, uint32_t i
         index, index,
         flags, flags,
         {
-            actor->bindBuffer(binding, buffer, index);
+            actor->bindBuffer(binding, buffer, index, flags);
         });
 }
 

From 0e53dde603ee3dd6f6fd9a70c260ced84128c909 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: PP <chinese1236@qq.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2023 10:44:20 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 47/59] feat: support touch info query in input module (#16235)

Co-authored-by: finscn <finscn@gmail.com>
---
 cocos/input/input.ts              | 131 +++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 cocos/input/types/touch.ts        |  19 ++++-
 pal/input/minigame/touch-input.ts |  12 ++-
 pal/input/native/touch-input.ts   |  12 ++-
 pal/input/touch-manager.ts        |  52 ++++++------
 pal/input/web/touch-input.ts      |  13 ++-
 6 files changed, 171 insertions(+), 68 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cocos/input/input.ts b/cocos/input/input.ts
index 4cf549caa09..cbbe0d923e8 100644
--- a/cocos/input/input.ts
+++ b/cocos/input/input.ts
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@
 */
 
 import { EDITOR_NOT_IN_PREVIEW, NATIVE } from 'internal:constants';
-import { TouchInputSource, MouseInputSource, KeyboardInputSource, AccelerometerInputSource, GamepadInputDevice, HandleInputDevice, HMDInputDevice, HandheldInputDevice } from 'pal/input';
+import { AccelerometerInputSource, GamepadInputDevice, HMDInputDevice, HandheldInputDevice, HandleInputDevice, KeyboardInputSource, MouseInputSource, TouchInputSource } from 'pal/input';
 import { touchManager } from '../../pal/input/touch-manager';
-import { sys, EventTarget } from '../core';
+import { EventTarget, error, sys } from '../core';
 import { Event, EventAcceleration, EventGamepad, EventHandle, EventHandheld, EventHMD, EventKeyboard, EventMouse, EventTouch, Touch } from './types';
 import { InputEventType } from './types/event-enum';
 
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class InputEventDispatcher implements IEventDispatcher {
     }
 }
 
-const pointerEventTypeMap: Record<string, string> = {
+const pointerEventTypeMap: Record<string, InputEventType> = {
     [InputEventType.MOUSE_DOWN]: InputEventType.TOUCH_START,
     [InputEventType.MOUSE_MOVE]: InputEventType.TOUCH_MOVE,
     [InputEventType.MOUSE_UP]: InputEventType.TOUCH_END,
@@ -160,28 +160,40 @@ export class Input {
     /**
      * This should be a private method, but it's exposed for Editor Only.
      */
-    private _dispatchMouseDownEvent (nativeMouseEvent: any): void { this._mouseInput.dispatchMouseDownEvent?.(nativeMouseEvent); }
+    private _dispatchMouseDownEvent (nativeMouseEvent: any): void {
+        this._mouseInput.dispatchMouseDownEvent?.(nativeMouseEvent);
+    }
     /**
      * This should be a private method, but it's exposed for Editor Only.
      */
-    private _dispatchMouseMoveEvent (nativeMouseEvent: any): void { this._mouseInput.dispatchMouseMoveEvent?.(nativeMouseEvent); }
+    private _dispatchMouseMoveEvent (nativeMouseEvent: any): void {
+        this._mouseInput.dispatchMouseMoveEvent?.(nativeMouseEvent);
+    }
     /**
      * This should be a private method, but it's exposed for Editor Only.
      */
-    private _dispatchMouseUpEvent (nativeMouseEvent: any): void { this._mouseInput.dispatchMouseUpEvent?.(nativeMouseEvent); }
+    private _dispatchMouseUpEvent (nativeMouseEvent: any): void {
+        this._mouseInput.dispatchMouseUpEvent?.(nativeMouseEvent);
+    }
     /**
      * This should be a private method, but it's exposed for Editor Only.
      */
-    private _dispatchMouseScrollEvent (nativeMouseEvent: any): void { this._mouseInput.dispatchScrollEvent?.(nativeMouseEvent); }
+    private _dispatchMouseScrollEvent (nativeMouseEvent: any): void {
+        this._mouseInput.dispatchScrollEvent?.(nativeMouseEvent);
+    }
 
     /**
      * This should be a private method, but it's exposed for Editor Only.
      */
-    private _dispatchKeyboardDownEvent (nativeKeyboardEvent: any): void { this._keyboardInput.dispatchKeyboardDownEvent?.(nativeKeyboardEvent); }
+    private _dispatchKeyboardDownEvent (nativeKeyboardEvent: any): void {
+        this._keyboardInput.dispatchKeyboardDownEvent?.(nativeKeyboardEvent);
+    }
     /**
      * This should be a private method, but it's exposed for Editor Only.
      */
-    private _dispatchKeyboardUpEvent (nativeKeyboardEvent: any): void { this._keyboardInput.dispatchKeyboardUpEvent?.(nativeKeyboardEvent); }
+    private _dispatchKeyboardUpEvent (nativeKeyboardEvent: any): void {
+        this._keyboardInput.dispatchKeyboardUpEvent?.(nativeKeyboardEvent);
+    }
 
     /**
      * @en
@@ -229,6 +241,37 @@ export class Input {
         }
         this._eventTarget.off(eventType, callback, target);
     }
+
+    /**
+     * @en
+     * Get touch object by touch ID.
+     * @zh
+     * 通过 touch ID 获取 touch对象。
+     */
+    public getTouch (touchID: number): Readonly<Touch> | undefined {
+        return touchManager.getTouch(touchID);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @en
+     * Get all the current touches objects as array.
+     * @zh
+     * 获取当前 所有touch对象 的数组。
+     */
+    public getAllTouches (): Touch[] {
+        return touchManager.getAllTouches();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @en
+     * Get the number of touches.
+     * @zh
+     * 获取当前 touch 对象的数量。
+     */
+    public getTouchCount (): number {
+        return touchManager.getTouchCount();
+    }
+
     /**
      * @en
      * Sets whether to enable the accelerometer event listener or not.
@@ -264,7 +307,7 @@ export class Input {
     private _simulateEventTouch (eventMouse: EventMouse): void {
         const eventType = pointerEventTypeMap[eventMouse.type];
         const touchID = 0;
-        const touch = touchManager.getTouch(touchID, eventMouse.getLocationX(), eventMouse.getLocationY());
+        const touch = touchManager.getOrCreateTouch(touchID, eventMouse.getLocationX(), eventMouse.getLocationY());
         if (!touch) {
             return;
         }
@@ -295,8 +338,8 @@ export class Input {
                     break;
                 }
             } catch (e) {
-                console.error(`Error occurs in an event listener: ${event.type}`);
-                console.error(e);
+                error(`Error occurs in an event listener: ${event.type}`);
+                error(e);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -304,10 +347,18 @@ export class Input {
     private _registerEvent (): void {
         if (sys.hasFeature(sys.Feature.INPUT_TOUCH)) {
             const eventTouchList = this._eventTouchList;
-            this._touchInput.on(InputEventType.TOUCH_START, (event): void => { this._dispatchOrPushEventTouch(event, eventTouchList); });
-            this._touchInput.on(InputEventType.TOUCH_MOVE, (event): void => { this._dispatchOrPushEventTouch(event, eventTouchList); });
-            this._touchInput.on(InputEventType.TOUCH_END, (event): void => { this._dispatchOrPushEventTouch(event, eventTouchList); });
-            this._touchInput.on(InputEventType.TOUCH_CANCEL, (event): void => { this._dispatchOrPushEventTouch(event, eventTouchList); });
+            this._touchInput.on(InputEventType.TOUCH_START, (event): void => {
+                this._dispatchOrPushEventTouch(event, eventTouchList);
+            });
+            this._touchInput.on(InputEventType.TOUCH_MOVE, (event): void => {
+                this._dispatchOrPushEventTouch(event, eventTouchList);
+            });
+            this._touchInput.on(InputEventType.TOUCH_END, (event): void => {
+                this._dispatchOrPushEventTouch(event, eventTouchList);
+            });
+            this._touchInput.on(InputEventType.TOUCH_CANCEL, (event): void => {
+                this._dispatchOrPushEventTouch(event, eventTouchList);
+            });
         }
 
         if (sys.hasFeature(sys.Feature.EVENT_MOUSE)) {
@@ -328,42 +379,66 @@ export class Input {
                 this._simulateEventTouch(event);
                 this._dispatchOrPushEvent(event, eventMouseList);
             });
-            this._mouseInput.on(InputEventType.MOUSE_WHEEL, (event): void => { this._dispatchOrPushEvent(event, eventMouseList); });
+            this._mouseInput.on(InputEventType.MOUSE_WHEEL, (event): void => {
+                this._dispatchOrPushEvent(event, eventMouseList);
+            });
         }
 
         if (sys.hasFeature(sys.Feature.EVENT_KEYBOARD)) {
             const eventKeyboardList = this._eventKeyboardList;
-            this._keyboardInput.on(InputEventType.KEY_DOWN, (event): void => { this._dispatchOrPushEvent(event, eventKeyboardList); });
-            this._keyboardInput.on(InputEventType.KEY_PRESSING, (event): void => { this._dispatchOrPushEvent(event, eventKeyboardList); });
-            this._keyboardInput.on(InputEventType.KEY_UP, (event): void => { this._dispatchOrPushEvent(event, eventKeyboardList); });
+            this._keyboardInput.on(InputEventType.KEY_DOWN, (event): void => {
+                this._dispatchOrPushEvent(event, eventKeyboardList);
+            });
+            this._keyboardInput.on(InputEventType.KEY_PRESSING, (event): void => {
+                this._dispatchOrPushEvent(event, eventKeyboardList);
+            });
+            this._keyboardInput.on(InputEventType.KEY_UP, (event): void => {
+                this._dispatchOrPushEvent(event, eventKeyboardList);
+            });
         }
 
         if (sys.hasFeature(sys.Feature.EVENT_ACCELEROMETER)) {
             const eventAccelerationList = this._eventAccelerationList;
-            this._accelerometerInput.on(InputEventType.DEVICEMOTION, (event): void => { this._dispatchOrPushEvent(event, eventAccelerationList); });
+            this._accelerometerInput.on(InputEventType.DEVICEMOTION, (event): void => {
+                this._dispatchOrPushEvent(event, eventAccelerationList);
+            });
         }
 
         if (sys.hasFeature(sys.Feature.EVENT_GAMEPAD)) {
             const eventGamepadList = this._eventGamepadList;
-            GamepadInputDevice._on(InputEventType.GAMEPAD_CHANGE, (event): void => { this._dispatchOrPushEvent(event, eventGamepadList); });
-            GamepadInputDevice._on(InputEventType.GAMEPAD_INPUT, (event): void => { this._dispatchOrPushEvent(event, eventGamepadList); });
-            GamepadInputDevice._on(InputEventType.HANDLE_POSE_INPUT, (event): void => { this._dispatchOrPushEvent(event, eventGamepadList); });
+            GamepadInputDevice._on(InputEventType.GAMEPAD_CHANGE, (event): void => {
+                this._dispatchOrPushEvent(event, eventGamepadList);
+            });
+            GamepadInputDevice._on(InputEventType.GAMEPAD_INPUT, (event): void => {
+                this._dispatchOrPushEvent(event, eventGamepadList);
+            });
+            GamepadInputDevice._on(InputEventType.HANDLE_POSE_INPUT, (event): void => {
+                this._dispatchOrPushEvent(event, eventGamepadList);
+            });
         }
 
         if (sys.hasFeature(sys.Feature.EVENT_HANDLE)) {
             const eventHandleList = this._eventHandleList;
-            this._handleInput._on(InputEventType.HANDLE_INPUT, (event): void => { this._dispatchOrPushEvent(event, eventHandleList); });
-            this._handleInput._on(InputEventType.HANDLE_POSE_INPUT, (event): void => { this._dispatchOrPushEvent(event, eventHandleList); });
+            this._handleInput._on(InputEventType.HANDLE_INPUT, (event): void => {
+                this._dispatchOrPushEvent(event, eventHandleList);
+            });
+            this._handleInput._on(InputEventType.HANDLE_POSE_INPUT, (event): void => {
+                this._dispatchOrPushEvent(event, eventHandleList);
+            });
         }
 
         if (sys.hasFeature(sys.Feature.EVENT_HMD)) {
             const eventHMDList = this._eventHMDList;
-            this._hmdInput._on(InputEventType.HMD_POSE_INPUT, (event): void => { this._dispatchOrPushEvent(event, eventHMDList); });
+            this._hmdInput._on(InputEventType.HMD_POSE_INPUT, (event): void => {
+                this._dispatchOrPushEvent(event, eventHMDList);
+            });
         }
 
         if (sys.hasFeature(sys.Feature.EVENT_HANDHELD)) {
             const eventHandheldList = this._eventHandheldList;
-            this._handheldInput._on(InputEventType.HANDHELD_POSE_INPUT, (event): void => { this._dispatchOrPushEvent(event, eventHandheldList); });
+            this._handheldInput._on(InputEventType.HANDHELD_POSE_INPUT, (event): void => {
+                this._dispatchOrPushEvent(event, eventHandheldList);
+            });
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/cocos/input/types/touch.ts b/cocos/input/types/touch.ts
index 1be58d480e2..2e0cc238702 100644
--- a/cocos/input/types/touch.ts
+++ b/cocos/input/types/touch.ts
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ export class Touch {
 
         _vec2.set(this._point);
         _vec2.subtract(this._prevPoint);
-        out.set(cclegacy.view.getScaleX(), cclegacy.view.getScaleY());
+        out.set(cclegacy.view.getScaleX() as number, cclegacy.view.getScaleY() as number);
         Vec2.divide(out, _vec2, out);
         return out;
     }
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ export class Touch {
      * @param x - x position of the touch point
      * @param y - y position of the touch point
      */
-    public setTouchInfo (id = 0, x?: number, y?: number): void {
+    public setTouchInfo (id: number = 0, x: number = 0, y: number = 0): void {
         this._prevPoint = this._point;
         this._point = new Vec2(x || 0, y || 0);
         this._id = id;
@@ -321,6 +321,21 @@ export class Touch {
         }
         this._lastModified = cclegacy.game.frameStartTime;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * @zh Touch 对象的原始数据不应该被修改。如果你需要这么做，最好克隆一个新的对象。
+     * @en The original Touch object shouldn't be modified. If you need to, it's better to clone a new one.
+     */
+    public clone (): Touch {
+        const touchID = this.getID();
+        this.getStartLocation(_vec2);
+        const clonedTouch = new Touch(_vec2.x, _vec2.y, touchID);
+        this.getLocation(_vec2);
+        clonedTouch.setPoint(_vec2.x, _vec2.y);
+        this.getPreviousLocation(_vec2);
+        clonedTouch.setPrevPoint(_vec2);
+        return clonedTouch;
+    }
 }
 
 cclegacy.Touch = Touch;
diff --git a/pal/input/minigame/touch-input.ts b/pal/input/minigame/touch-input.ts
index cce9b4ecd7b..5f6fc3aab6f 100644
--- a/pal/input/minigame/touch-input.ts
+++ b/pal/input/minigame/touch-input.ts
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ export class TouchInputSource {
     }
 
     private _createCallback (eventType: InputEventType) {
-        return (event: any): void => {
+        return (event: TouchEvent): void => {
             const handleTouches: Touch[] = [];
             const windowSize = screenAdapter.windowSize;
             const dpr = screenAdapter.devicePixelRatio;
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ export class TouchInputSource {
                     continue;
                 }
                 const location = this._getLocation(changedTouch, windowSize, dpr);
-                const touch = touchManager.getTouch(touchID, location.x, location.y);
+                const touch = touchManager.getOrCreateTouch(touchID, location.x, location.y);
                 if (!touch) {
                     continue;
                 }
@@ -74,8 +74,12 @@ export class TouchInputSource {
                 handleTouches.push(touch);
             }
             if (handleTouches.length > 0) {
-                const eventTouch = new EventTouch(handleTouches, false, eventType,
-                    macro.ENABLE_MULTI_TOUCH ? touchManager.getAllTouches() : handleTouches);
+                const eventTouch = new EventTouch(
+                    handleTouches,
+                    false,
+                    eventType,
+                    macro.ENABLE_MULTI_TOUCH ? touchManager.getAllTouches() : handleTouches,
+                );
                 this._eventTarget.emit(eventType, eventTouch);
             }
         };
diff --git a/pal/input/native/touch-input.ts b/pal/input/native/touch-input.ts
index 08fce870209..72b3d5b2c83 100644
--- a/pal/input/native/touch-input.ts
+++ b/pal/input/native/touch-input.ts
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ export class TouchInputSource {
         return (changedTouches: TouchList, windowId: number): void => {
             const handleTouches: Touch[] = [];
             const length = changedTouches.length;
-            const windowSize = this._windowManager.getWindow(windowId).getViewSize();
+            const windowSize = this._windowManager.getWindow(windowId).getViewSize() as Size;
             for (let i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
                 const changedTouch = changedTouches[i];
                 const touchID = changedTouch.identifier;
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ export class TouchInputSource {
                     continue;
                 }
                 const location = this._getLocation(changedTouch, windowSize);
-                const touch = touchManager.getTouch(touchID, location.x, location.y);
+                const touch = touchManager.getOrCreateTouch(touchID, location.x, location.y);
                 if (!touch) {
                     continue;
                 }
@@ -72,8 +72,12 @@ export class TouchInputSource {
                 handleTouches.push(touch);
             }
             if (handleTouches.length > 0) {
-                const eventTouch = new EventTouch(handleTouches, false, eventType,
-                    macro.ENABLE_MULTI_TOUCH ? touchManager.getAllTouches() : handleTouches);
+                const eventTouch = new EventTouch(
+                    handleTouches,
+                    false,
+                    eventType,
+                    macro.ENABLE_MULTI_TOUCH ? touchManager.getAllTouches() : handleTouches,
+                );
                 eventTouch.windowId = windowId;
                 this._eventTarget.emit(eventType, eventTouch);
             }
diff --git a/pal/input/touch-manager.ts b/pal/input/touch-manager.ts
index 6c4ec9a4bc2..7f64d6c138d 100644
--- a/pal/input/touch-manager.ts
+++ b/pal/input/touch-manager.ts
@@ -22,9 +22,10 @@
  THE SOFTWARE.
 */
 
+import { Vec2 } from '../../cocos/core/math/vec2';
+import { log } from '../../cocos/core/platform/debug';
 import { macro } from '../../cocos/core/platform/macro';
 import { Touch } from '../../cocos/input/types';
-import { Vec2 } from '../../cocos/core/math/vec2';
 
 const tempVec2 = new Vec2();
 
@@ -39,22 +40,6 @@ class TouchManager {
         this._touchMap = new Map();
     }
 
-    /**
-     * The original touch object can't be modified, so we need to return the cloned touch object.
-     * @param touch
-     * @returns
-     */
-    private _cloneTouch (touch: Touch): Touch {
-        const touchID = touch.getID();
-        touch.getStartLocation(tempVec2);
-        const clonedTouch = new Touch(tempVec2.x, tempVec2.y, touchID);
-        touch.getLocation(tempVec2);
-        clonedTouch.setPoint(tempVec2.x, tempVec2.y);
-        touch.getPreviousLocation(tempVec2);
-        clonedTouch.setPrevPoint(tempVec2);
-        return clonedTouch;
-    }
-
     /**
      * Create the touch object at the touch start event callback.
      * we have some policy to create the touch object:
@@ -68,18 +53,18 @@ class TouchManager {
      */
     private _createTouch (touchID: number, x: number, y: number): Touch | undefined {
         if (this._touchMap.has(touchID)) {
-            console.log('Cannot create the same touch object.');
+            log('Cannot create the same touch object.');
             return undefined;
         }
         const checkResult = this._checkTouchMapSizeMoreThanMax(touchID);
         if (checkResult) {
-            console.log('The touches is more than MAX_TOUCHES.');  // TODO: logID 2300
+            log('The touches is more than MAX_TOUCHES.');  // TODO: logID 2300
             return undefined;
         }
         const touch = new Touch(x, y, touchID);
         this._touchMap.set(touchID, touch);
         this._updateTouch(touch, x, y);
-        return this._cloneTouch(touch);
+        return touch;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -99,14 +84,23 @@ class TouchManager {
      * @param touchID
      * @returns
      */
-    public getTouch (touchID: number, x: number, y: number): Touch | undefined {
-        let touch = this._touchMap.get(touchID);
+    public getTouch (touchID: number): Touch | undefined {
+        return this._touchMap.get(touchID);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get or create touch object by touch ID.
+     * @param touchID
+     * @returns
+     */
+    public getOrCreateTouch (touchID: number, x: number, y: number): Touch | undefined {
+        let touch = this.getTouch(touchID);
         if (!touch) {
             touch = this._createTouch(touchID, x, y);
         } else {
             this._updateTouch(touch, x, y);
         }
-        return touch ? this._cloneTouch(touch) : undefined;
+        return touch;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -117,13 +111,19 @@ class TouchManager {
         const touches: Touch[] = [];
         this._touchMap.forEach((touch) => {
             if (touch) {
-                const clonedTouch = this._cloneTouch(touch);
-                touches.push(clonedTouch);
+                touches.push(touch);
             }
         });
         return touches;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get the number of touches.
+     */
+    public getTouchCount (): number {
+        return touchManager._touchMap.size;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Update the location and previous location of current touch ID.
      * @param touchID
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ class TouchManager {
         const now = performance.now();
         this._touchMap.forEach((touch) => {
             if (now - touch.lastModified > macro.TOUCH_TIMEOUT) {
-                console.log(`The touches is more than MAX_TOUCHES, release touch id ${touch.getID()}.`);
+                log(`The touches is more than MAX_TOUCHES, release touch id ${touch.getID()}.`);
                 // TODO: need to handle touch cancel event when exceed the max number of touches ?
                 this.releaseTouch(touch.getID());
             }
diff --git a/pal/input/web/touch-input.ts b/pal/input/web/touch-input.ts
index ae90109d852..fbc1a4da05f 100644
--- a/pal/input/web/touch-input.ts
+++ b/pal/input/web/touch-input.ts
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import { touchManager } from '../touch-manager';
 import { macro } from '../../../cocos/core/platform/macro';
 import { InputEventType } from '../../../cocos/input/types/event-enum';
 import { Feature } from '../../system-info/enum-type';
+import { warn } from '../../../cocos/core/platform/debug';
 
 export class TouchInputSource {
     private _canvas?: HTMLCanvasElement;
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ export class TouchInputSource {
         if (systemInfo.hasFeature(Feature.INPUT_TOUCH)) {
             this._canvas = document.getElementById('GameCanvas') as HTMLCanvasElement;
             if (!this._canvas && !TEST && !EDITOR) {
-                console.warn('failed to access canvas');
+                warn('failed to access canvas');
             }
             // In Editor, we don't receive touch event but maybe receive simulated touch event.
             if (!EDITOR) {
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ export class TouchInputSource {
                     continue;
                 }
                 const location = this._getLocation(changedTouch, canvasRect);
-                const touch = touchManager.getTouch(touchID, location.x, location.y);
+                const touch = touchManager.getOrCreateTouch(touchID, location.x, location.y);
                 if (!touch) {
                     continue;
                 }
@@ -88,8 +89,12 @@ export class TouchInputSource {
                 this._canvas?.focus();
             }
             if (handleTouches.length > 0) {
-                const eventTouch = new EventTouch(handleTouches, false, eventType,
-                    macro.ENABLE_MULTI_TOUCH ? touchManager.getAllTouches() : handleTouches);
+                const eventTouch = new EventTouch(
+                    handleTouches,
+                    false,
+                    eventType,
+                    macro.ENABLE_MULTI_TOUCH ? touchManager.getAllTouches() : handleTouches,
+                );
                 this._eventTarget.emit(eventType, eventTouch);
             }
         };

From ea8ca11706bfe09b988daf696eb71b1d4ffa0140 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: minggo <nudtzxm@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2023 14:06:43 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 48/59] replace NodeEventType.SIBLING_ORDER_CHANGED with
 NodeEventType.CHILDREN_ORDER_CHANGED (#16246)

* replace NodeEventType.SIBLING_ORDER_CHANGED with NodeEventType.CHILDREN_ORDER_CHANGED
---
 cocos/input/types/event-enum.ts |  2 +-
 cocos/scene-graph/node-event.ts | 12 ++++++++++--
 cocos/scene-graph/node.jsb.ts   |  4 ++--
 cocos/scene-graph/node.ts       |  2 +-
 cocos/ui/layout.ts              |  4 ++--
 5 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cocos/input/types/event-enum.ts b/cocos/input/types/event-enum.ts
index c8c2a8d4e82..96d3844f8d4 100644
--- a/cocos/input/types/event-enum.ts
+++ b/cocos/input/types/event-enum.ts
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ export enum SystemEventType {
      * @en The event type for node's sibling order changed.
      * @zh 当节点在兄弟节点中的顺序发生变化时触发的事件。
      *
-     * @deprecated since v3.3, please use Node.EventType.SIBLING_ORDER_CHANGED instead
+     * @deprecated since v3.3, please use Node.EventType.CHILDREN_ORDER_CHANGED instead
      */
     SIBLING_ORDER_CHANGED = 'sibling-order-changed',
 }
diff --git a/cocos/scene-graph/node-event.ts b/cocos/scene-graph/node-event.ts
index 9d18185c689..901862c301c 100644
--- a/cocos/scene-graph/node-event.ts
+++ b/cocos/scene-graph/node-event.ts
@@ -245,11 +245,19 @@ export enum NodeEventType {
     LAYER_CHANGED = 'layer-changed',
 
     /**
-     * @en The event type for node's sibling order changed.
-     * @zh 当节点在兄弟节点中的顺序发生变化时触发的事件。
+     * @en This event indicates that the order of child nodes has been changed.
+     * @zh 该事件表示子节点的排序发生了改变。
+     * @deprecated since v3.8.2 @en Please use `CHILDREN_ORDER_CHANGED`. @zh 请使用 `CHILDREN_ORDER_CHANGED`。
      */
     SIBLING_ORDER_CHANGED = 'sibling-order-changed',
 
+    /**
+     * @en This event indicates that the order of child nodes has been changed.
+     * @zh 该事件表示子节点的排序发生了改变。
+     */
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-duplicate-enum-values
+    CHILDREN_ORDER_CHANGED = 'sibling-order-changed',
+
     /**
      * @en
      * Note: This event is only emitted from the top most node whose active value did changed,
diff --git a/cocos/scene-graph/node.jsb.ts b/cocos/scene-graph/node.jsb.ts
index ed2e4274521..a9e05315986 100644
--- a/cocos/scene-graph/node.jsb.ts
+++ b/cocos/scene-graph/node.jsb.ts
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ nodeProto.on = function (type, callback, target, useCapture: any = false) {
                 this._registeredNodeEventTypeMask |= REGISTERED_EVENT_MASK_LAYER_CHANGED;
             }
             break;
-        case NodeEventType.SIBLING_ORDER_CHANGED:
+        case NodeEventType.CHILDREN_ORDER_CHANGED:
             if (!(this._registeredNodeEventTypeMask & REGISTERED_EVENT_MASK_SIBLING_ORDER_CHANGED)) {
                 this._registerOnSiblingOrderChanged();
                 this._registeredNodeEventTypeMask |= REGISTERED_EVENT_MASK_SIBLING_ORDER_CHANGED;
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ nodeProto.destroyAllChildren = function destroyAllChildren() {
 };
 
 nodeProto._onSiblingOrderChanged = function () {
-    this.emit(NodeEventType.SIBLING_ORDER_CHANGED);
+    this.emit(NodeEventType.CHILDREN_ORDER_CHANGED);
 };
 
 nodeProto._onActivateNode = function (shouldActiveNow) {
diff --git a/cocos/scene-graph/node.ts b/cocos/scene-graph/node.ts
index c1724a27da3..294c8d242fa 100644
--- a/cocos/scene-graph/node.ts
+++ b/cocos/scene-graph/node.ts
@@ -1309,7 +1309,7 @@ export class Node extends CCObject implements ISchedulable, CustomSerializable {
             this._children[i]._siblingIndex = i;
         }
 
-        this.emit(NodeEventType.SIBLING_ORDER_CHANGED);
+        this.emit(NodeEventType.CHILDREN_ORDER_CHANGED);
     }
 
     protected _instantiate (cloned, isSyncedNode): any {
diff --git a/cocos/ui/layout.ts b/cocos/ui/layout.ts
index 88c64aec0c1..11bc4cf7b8a 100644
--- a/cocos/ui/layout.ts
+++ b/cocos/ui/layout.ts
@@ -736,7 +736,7 @@ export class Layout extends Component {
         this.node.on(NodeEventType.ANCHOR_CHANGED, this._doLayoutDirty, this);
         this.node.on(NodeEventType.CHILD_ADDED, this._childAdded, this);
         this.node.on(NodeEventType.CHILD_REMOVED, this._childRemoved, this);
-        this.node.on(NodeEventType.SIBLING_ORDER_CHANGED, this._childrenChanged, this);
+        this.node.on(NodeEventType.CHILDREN_ORDER_CHANGED, this._childrenChanged, this);
         this.node.on('childrenSiblingOrderChanged', this.updateLayout, this);
         this._addChildrenEventListeners();
     }
@@ -747,7 +747,7 @@ export class Layout extends Component {
         this.node.off(NodeEventType.ANCHOR_CHANGED, this._doLayoutDirty, this);
         this.node.off(NodeEventType.CHILD_ADDED, this._childAdded, this);
         this.node.off(NodeEventType.CHILD_REMOVED, this._childRemoved, this);
-        this.node.off(NodeEventType.SIBLING_ORDER_CHANGED, this._childrenChanged, this);
+        this.node.off(NodeEventType.CHILDREN_ORDER_CHANGED, this._childrenChanged, this);
         this.node.off('childrenSiblingOrderChanged', this.updateLayout, this);
         this._removeChildrenEventListeners();
     }

From f4aa7e93f733d86fc4f7fe14972f0840923bbbef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ling Zhan <lealzhan@126.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2023 16:45:26 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 49/59] update native/external-config v3.8.2-7 (#16256)

---
 native/external-config.json | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/native/external-config.json b/native/external-config.json
index 78510379602..e1d7e3fb97e 100644
--- a/native/external-config.json
+++ b/native/external-config.json
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@
         "type": "github",
         "owner": "cocos-creator",
         "name": "engine-native-external",
-        "checkout": "v3.8.2-6"
+        "checkout": "v3.8.2-7"
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file

From 608660ae604b5649d250ae589913baf16a697ca8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: qiuguohua <qiuguohua111@126.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2023 10:19:08 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 50/59] Fixed multi-threading causing view read failure
 (#16253)

---
 native/cocos/platform/mac/modules/Screen.mm       | 6 +++---
 native/cocos/platform/mac/modules/SystemWindow.mm | 2 +-
 native/cocos/renderer/gfx-metal/MTLSwapchain.mm   | 7 -------
 3 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/native/cocos/platform/mac/modules/Screen.mm b/native/cocos/platform/mac/modules/Screen.mm
index e2049c8f135..10a3de9a762 100644
--- a/native/cocos/platform/mac/modules/Screen.mm
+++ b/native/cocos/platform/mac/modules/Screen.mm
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ of this software and associated engine source code (the "Software"), a limited,
 #include "base/Macros.h"
 #include "cocos/bindings/jswrapper/SeApi.h"
 #include "platform/interfaces/modules/ISystemWindowManager.h"
-#include "platform/interfaces/modules/ISystemWindow.h"
+#include "platform/mac/modules/SystemWindow.h"
 #include "application/ApplicationManager.h"
 namespace cc {
 
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ of this software and associated engine source code (the "Software"), a limited,
     global->getProperty("devicePixelRatio", &devicePixelRatioVal);
     return devicePixelRatioVal.isNumber() ? devicePixelRatioVal.toFloat() : 1.F;
 #else
-    auto* window = CC_GET_MAIN_SYSTEM_WINDOW();
-    NSWindow* nsWindow = reinterpret_cast<NSWindow*>(window->getWindowHandle()) ;
+    auto* systemWindow = static_cast<SystemWindow*>(CC_GET_MAIN_SYSTEM_WINDOW());
+    auto* nsWindow = systemWindow->getNSWindow();
     return [nsWindow backingScaleFactor];
 #endif
 }
diff --git a/native/cocos/platform/mac/modules/SystemWindow.mm b/native/cocos/platform/mac/modules/SystemWindow.mm
index 310082a1bfd..4575cf39e41 100644
--- a/native/cocos/platform/mac/modules/SystemWindow.mm
+++ b/native/cocos/platform/mac/modules/SystemWindow.mm
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
     [view addSubview:newView];
     [nsWindow.contentView setWantsBestResolutionOpenGLSurface:YES];
     [nsWindow makeKeyAndOrderFront:nil];
-    _windowHandle = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(nsWindow.contentView) ;
+    _windowHandle = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(newView);
 
     auto dpr = [nsWindow backingScaleFactor];
     _width  = w * dpr;
diff --git a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-metal/MTLSwapchain.mm b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-metal/MTLSwapchain.mm
index 313f0c33edb..0fbbce7202a 100644
--- a/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-metal/MTLSwapchain.mm
+++ b/native/cocos/renderer/gfx-metal/MTLSwapchain.mm
@@ -61,13 +61,6 @@ of this software and associated engine source code (the "Software"), a limited,
     if (!layer.device) {
         layer.device = MTLCreateSystemDefaultDevice();
     }
-#elif CC_PLATFORM == CC_PLATFORM_MACOS
-    CAMetalLayer *layer = nullptr;
-    auto *view = (CCView *)info.windowHandle;
-    if(view && view.subviews.count > 0) {
-        NSView* subView = view.subviews[0];
-        layer = static_cast<CAMetalLayer *>(subView.layer);
-    }
 #else
     auto *view = (CCView *)info.windowHandle;
     CAMetalLayer *layer = static_cast<CAMetalLayer *>(view.layer);

From 59c6afd7e5fc2d0f24046f8de559676cd34e200d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Leslie=20Leigh=20=28=E6=9D=8E=E7=9A=84=E5=BA=8F=29?=
 <leslieleigh@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2023 14:07:07 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 51/59] Optimize physics unit test (#16262)

---
 tests/physics/character-controller.ts |  95 ++++++++++
 tests/physics/characterController.ts  |  97 ----------
 tests/physics/constraint.ts           |  15 +-
 tests/physics/dynamic.ts              | 260 +++++++++++++-------------
 tests/physics/event.ts                |  91 ++++-----
 tests/physics/filtering.ts            | 151 +++++++--------
 tests/physics/physics.test.ts         |  95 +++++-----
 tests/physics/raycast.ts              | 157 ++++++++--------
 tests/physics/sleep.ts                |  72 +++----
 tests/physics/stability.ts            |  24 ++-
 tests/physics/sweep.ts                |  80 ++++----
 tests/physics/volume.ts               |  54 +++---
 12 files changed, 610 insertions(+), 581 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/physics/character-controller.ts
 delete mode 100644 tests/physics/characterController.ts

diff --git a/tests/physics/character-controller.ts b/tests/physics/character-controller.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d419a677539
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/physics/character-controller.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+import { Quat, Vec3 } from "../../cocos/core";
+import { director } from "../../cocos/game";
+import { Node } from "../../cocos/scene-graph";
+import { ICollisionEvent, physics } from "../../exports/physics-framework";
+import { PhysicsTestEnv } from "./physics.test";
+
+/**
+ * This function is used to test the api of the CharacterController
+ */
+function testCharacterControllerAPIs(cct: physics.CharacterController){
+    cct.minMoveDistance = 0.001;
+    expect(cct.minMoveDistance === 0.001).toBe(true);
+
+    cct.stepOffset = 0.5;
+    expect(cct.stepOffset === 0.5).toBe(true);
+
+    cct.slopeLimit = 60;
+    expect(cct.slopeLimit === 60).toBe(true);
+
+    cct.skinWidth = 0.01;
+    expect(cct.skinWidth === 0.01).toBe(true);
+
+    cct.center = new Vec3(0, 0.5, 0);
+    expect(Vec3.equals(cct.center, new Vec3(0, 0.5, 0))).toBe(true);
+
+    let targetPos = new Vec3(0, 10, 0);
+    cct.centerWorldPosition = targetPos;
+    let newPos = new Vec3();
+    newPos.set(cct.centerWorldPosition);
+    expect(Vec3.equals(newPos, targetPos)).toBe(true);
+    
+    {
+        cct.move(new Vec3(0, 0, 0));
+        const dt = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.fixedTimeStep;
+        director.tick(dt);
+        let newPos = new Vec3();
+        newPos.set(cct.centerWorldPosition);
+        expect(Vec3.equals(newPos, targetPos)).toBe(true);
+    }
+    {
+        let movement = new Vec3(0, 10, 0);
+        Vec3.add(targetPos, targetPos, movement);
+        cct.move(movement);
+        const dt = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.fixedTimeStep;
+        director.tick(dt);
+        let newPos = new Vec3();
+        newPos.set(cct.centerWorldPosition);
+        expect(Vec3.equals(newPos, targetPos)).toBe(true);
+    }
+}
+
+export default function (env: PhysicsTestEnv, _steps = 0) {
+    //skip builtin and cannon.js for now
+     if (env.backendId === 'builtin' || env.backendId === 'cannon.js') 
+        return;
+
+    describe(`Character controller`, () => {
+        test(`Box character controller`, () => {
+            const { rootNode: parent } = env;
+
+            const nodeBoxCCT = new Node('BoxCharacterController');
+            parent.addChild(nodeBoxCCT);
+            const boxCCT = nodeBoxCCT.addComponent(physics.BoxCharacterController) as physics.BoxCharacterController;
+            expect(boxCCT.type).toBe(physics.ECharacterControllerType.BOX);
+    
+            boxCCT.halfForwardExtent = 0.5;
+            expect(boxCCT.halfForwardExtent === 0.5).toBe(true);
+    
+            boxCCT.halfSideExtent = 0.5;
+            expect(boxCCT.halfSideExtent === 0.5).toBe(true);
+    
+            boxCCT.halfHeight = 0.5;
+            expect(boxCCT.halfHeight === 0.5).toBe(true);
+    
+            testCharacterControllerAPIs(boxCCT as physics.CharacterController);
+        });
+
+        test(`Capsule character, controller`, () => {
+            const { rootNode: parent } = env;
+
+            const nodeCapsuleCCT = new Node('CapsuleCharacterController');
+            parent.addChild(nodeCapsuleCCT);
+            const capsuleCCT = nodeCapsuleCCT.addComponent(physics.CapsuleCharacterController) as physics.CapsuleCharacterController;
+            expect(capsuleCCT.type).toBe(physics.ECharacterControllerType.CAPSULE);
+    
+            capsuleCCT.radius = 0.5;
+            expect(capsuleCCT.radius === 0.5).toBe(true);
+    
+            capsuleCCT.height = 1;
+            expect(capsuleCCT.height === 1).toBe(true);
+    
+            testCharacterControllerAPIs(capsuleCCT as physics.CharacterController);
+        });
+    });
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/physics/characterController.ts b/tests/physics/characterController.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index d863f5f061a..00000000000
--- a/tests/physics/characterController.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,97 +0,0 @@
-import { Quat, Vec3 } from "../../cocos/core";
-import { director } from "../../cocos/game";
-import { Node } from "../../cocos/scene-graph";
-import { ICollisionEvent, physics } from "../../exports/physics-framework";
-
-/**
- * This function is used to test the api of the CharacterController
- */
-function testCharacterControllerAPIs(cct: physics.CharacterController){
-    cct.minMoveDistance = 0.001;
-    expect(cct.minMoveDistance === 0.001).toBe(true);
-
-    cct.stepOffset = 0.5;
-    expect(cct.stepOffset === 0.5).toBe(true);
-
-    cct.slopeLimit = 60;
-    expect(cct.slopeLimit === 60).toBe(true);
-
-    cct.skinWidth = 0.01;
-    expect(cct.skinWidth === 0.01).toBe(true);
-
-    cct.center = new Vec3(0, 0.5, 0);
-    expect(Vec3.equals(cct.center, new Vec3(0, 0.5, 0))).toBe(true);
-
-    let targetPos = new Vec3(0, 10, 0);
-    cct.centerWorldPosition = targetPos;
-    let newPos = new Vec3();
-    newPos.set(cct.centerWorldPosition);
-    expect(Vec3.equals(newPos, targetPos)).toBe(true);
-    
-    {
-        cct.move(new Vec3(0, 0, 0));
-        const dt = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.fixedTimeStep;
-        director.tick(dt);
-        let newPos = new Vec3();
-        newPos.set(cct.centerWorldPosition);
-        expect(Vec3.equals(newPos, targetPos)).toBe(true);
-    }
-    {
-        let movement = new Vec3(0, 10, 0);
-        Vec3.add(targetPos, targetPos, movement);
-        cct.move(movement);
-        const dt = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.fixedTimeStep;
-        director.tick(dt);
-        let newPos = new Vec3();
-        newPos.set(cct.centerWorldPosition);
-        expect(Vec3.equals(newPos, targetPos)).toBe(true);
-    }
-}
-
-export default function (parent: Node, _steps = 0) {
-    //skip builtin and cannon.js for now
-     if (physics.selector.id === 'builtin' || physics.selector.id === 'cannon.js') 
-        return;
-
-    //box character controller
-    {
-        const nodeBoxCCT = new Node('BoxCharacterController');
-        parent.addChild(nodeBoxCCT);
-        const boxCCT = nodeBoxCCT.addComponent(physics.BoxCharacterController) as physics.BoxCharacterController;
-        expect(boxCCT.type).toBe(physics.ECharacterControllerType.BOX);
-
-        boxCCT.halfForwardExtent = 0.5;
-        expect(boxCCT.halfForwardExtent === 0.5).toBe(true);
-
-        boxCCT.halfSideExtent = 0.5;
-        expect(boxCCT.halfSideExtent === 0.5).toBe(true);
-
-        boxCCT.halfHeight = 0.5;
-        expect(boxCCT.halfHeight === 0.5).toBe(true);
-
-        testCharacterControllerAPIs(boxCCT as physics.CharacterController);
-
-        parent.destroyAllChildren();
-        parent.removeAllChildren();
-    }
-
-    //capsule character controller
-    {
-        const nodeCapsuleCCT = new Node('CapsuleCharacterController');
-        parent.addChild(nodeCapsuleCCT);
-        const capsuleCCT = nodeCapsuleCCT.addComponent(physics.CapsuleCharacterController) as physics.CapsuleCharacterController;
-        expect(capsuleCCT.type).toBe(physics.ECharacterControllerType.CAPSULE);
-
-        capsuleCCT.radius = 0.5;
-        expect(capsuleCCT.radius === 0.5).toBe(true);
-
-        capsuleCCT.height = 1;
-        expect(capsuleCCT.height === 1).toBe(true);
-
-        testCharacterControllerAPIs(capsuleCCT as physics.CharacterController);
-        
-        parent.destroyAllChildren();
-        parent.removeAllChildren();
-    }
-
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/physics/constraint.ts b/tests/physics/constraint.ts
index aa48f018e64..091afd304b6 100644
--- a/tests/physics/constraint.ts
+++ b/tests/physics/constraint.ts
@@ -2,12 +2,9 @@ import { Quat, Vec3 } from "../../cocos/core";
 import { director } from "../../cocos/game";
 import { Node } from "../../cocos/scene-graph";
 import { ICollisionEvent, physics } from "../../exports/physics-framework";
+import { PhysicsTestEnv } from "./physics.test";
 
 function testConfigurableConstraintAPIs(child: Node) {
-    if (physics.selector.id === 'builtin' || physics.selector.id === 'cannon.js') {
-        return;
-    }
-
     const cs = child.addComponent(physics.ConfigurableConstraint) as physics.ConfigurableConstraint;
 
     {   
@@ -126,6 +123,12 @@ function testConfigurableConstraintAPIs(child: Node) {
     child.removeComponent(cs);
 }
 
-export default function (temp0: Node) {
-    testConfigurableConstraintAPIs(temp0);
+export default function (env: PhysicsTestEnv) {
+    if (env.backendId === 'builtin' || env.backendId === 'cannon.js') {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    test(`Configurable constraint`, () => {
+        testConfigurableConstraintAPIs(env.rootNode);
+    });
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/physics/dynamic.ts b/tests/physics/dynamic.ts
index 5fd70bc336c..1899b101c19 100644
--- a/tests/physics/dynamic.ts
+++ b/tests/physics/dynamic.ts
@@ -2,139 +2,137 @@ import { Quat, Vec3 } from "../../cocos/core";
 import { director } from "../../cocos/game";
 import { Node } from "../../cocos/scene-graph";
 import { ICollisionEvent, physics } from "../../exports/physics-framework";
+import { PhysicsTestEnv } from "./physics.test";
 
 /**
  * This function is used to test the api of the RigidBody
  */
-export default function (parent: Node, _steps = 0) {
-    // basic api
-    {
-        const nodeDynamic = new Node('Dynamic');
-        parent.addChild(nodeDynamic);
-        const initPos = new Vec3(0, 10, 0);
-        nodeDynamic.worldPosition = initPos;
-        const body = nodeDynamic.addComponent(physics.RigidBody) as physics.RigidBody;
-        body.type = physics.RigidBody.Type.STATIC;
-        expect(body.isStatic).toBe(true);
-        body.type = physics.RigidBody.Type.KINEMATIC;
-        expect(body.isKinematic).toBe(true);
-        body.type = physics.RigidBody.Type.DYNAMIC;
-        expect(body.isDynamic).toBe(true);
-        const massA = 2;
-        body.mass = massA;
-        expect(body.mass).toBe(massA);
-
-        const v3_0 = Vec3.negate(new Vec3(), physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.gravity);
-        v3_0.multiplyScalar(massA);
-        body.applyForce(v3_0);
-
-        const dt = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.fixedTimeStep;
-        director.tick(dt);
-
-        expect(Vec3.equals(nodeDynamic.worldPosition, initPos)).toBe(true);
-
-        v3_0.set(1, 2, 3); const v3_1 = new Vec3();
-        body.setLinearVelocity(v3_0);
-        body.getLinearVelocity(v3_1);
-        expect(Vec3.equals(v3_0, v3_1)).toBe(true);
-
-        v3_0.set(3, 2, 1); v3_1.set(0, 0, 0);
-        body.setAngularVelocity(v3_0);
-        body.getAngularVelocity(v3_1);
-        expect(Vec3.equals(v3_0, v3_1)).toBe(true);
-
-        body.linearDamping = 0.001;
-        expect(body.linearDamping === 0.001).toBe(true);
-
-        body.angularDamping = 0.001;
-        expect(body.angularDamping === 0.001).toBe(true);
-
-        body.clearForces();
-        body.clearVelocity();
-        body.clearState();
-        body.getLinearVelocity(v3_0);
-        body.getAngularVelocity(v3_1);
-        expect(Vec3.equals(v3_0, Vec3.ZERO)).toBe(true);
-        expect(Vec3.equals(v3_1, Vec3.ZERO)).toBe(true);
-        parent.destroyAllChildren();
-        parent.removeAllChildren();
-    }
-
-    // local inertia
-    {
-        const nodeDynamic = new Node('Dynamic');
-        parent.addChild(nodeDynamic);
-        const body = nodeDynamic.addComponent(physics.RigidBody) as physics.RigidBody;
-        body.type = physics.RigidBody.Type.DYNAMIC;
-        const v3_0 = new Vec3(1, 1, 1);
-        body.setAngularVelocity(v3_0);
-        expect(Quat.equals(nodeDynamic.worldRotation, Quat.IDENTITY)).toBe(true);
-        const dt = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.fixedTimeStep;
-        director.tick(dt);
-        expect(!Quat.equals(nodeDynamic.worldRotation, Quat.IDENTITY)).toBe(true);
-        parent.destroyAllChildren();
-        parent.removeAllChildren();
-    }
-
-    // use gravity
-    {
-        const nodeDynamic = new Node('Dynamic');
-        parent.addChild(nodeDynamic);
-        const body = nodeDynamic.addComponent(physics.RigidBody) as physics.RigidBody;
-        body.useGravity = false;
-        body.type = physics.RigidBody.Type.DYNAMIC;
-        expect(Vec3.equals(nodeDynamic.worldPosition, Vec3.ZERO)).toBe(true);
-        const dt = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.fixedTimeStep;
-        for (let i = 0; i < 200; i++)director.tick(dt);
-        expect(Vec3.equals(nodeDynamic.worldPosition, Vec3.ZERO)).toBe(true);
-        expect(body.isSleeping).toBe(true);
-        parent.destroyAllChildren();
-        parent.removeAllChildren();
-    }
-
-    // use ccd
-    {
-        const nodeDynamic = new Node('Dynamic');
-        parent.addChild(nodeDynamic);
-        const sphere = nodeDynamic.addComponent(physics.SphereCollider) as physics.SphereCollider;
-        const body = nodeDynamic.addComponent(physics.RigidBody) as physics.RigidBody;
-        body.useCCD = true;
-        body.useGravity = false;
-        body.setLinearVelocity(new Vec3(500, 0, 0));
-        let isDispatched = false;
-        sphere.on('onCollisionEnter', (event: ICollisionEvent) => {
-            isDispatched = true;
-            expect(event.selfCollider.uuid).toBe(sphere.uuid);
-            expect(event.otherCollider.uuid).toBe(box.uuid);
-        })
-
-        const nodeStatic = new Node('Static');
-        parent.addChild(nodeStatic);
-        const box = nodeStatic.addComponent(physics.BoxCollider) as physics.BoxCollider;
-        nodeStatic.worldPosition = new Vec3(10, 0, 0);
-        nodeStatic.worldRotation = Quat.fromEuler(new Quat(), 10, 20, 30);
-
-        // PhysX/Cannon/Bullet Not enough support currently
-        // const nodeTrigger = new Node('Static');
-        // parent.addChild(nodeTrigger);
-        // const sphereTrigger = nodeTrigger.addComponent(physics.SphereCollider) as physics.SphereCollider;
-        // sphereTrigger.isTrigger = true;
-        // nodeTrigger.worldPosition = new Vec3(5, 0, 0);
-        // nodeTrigger.worldRotation = Quat.fromEuler(new Quat(), -10, 50, 30);
-        // let isTriggered = false;
-        // sphereTrigger.on('onTriggerEnter', (event: ITriggerEvent) => {
-        //     isTriggered = true;
-        //     expect(event.selfCollider.uuid).toBe(sphereTrigger.uuid);
-        //     expect(event.otherCollider.uuid).toBe(sphere.uuid);
-        // })
-
-        const dt = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.fixedTimeStep;
-        for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++)director.tick(dt);
-
-        expect(isDispatched).toBe(true);
-        // expect(isTriggered).toBe(true);
-
-        parent.destroyAllChildren();
-        parent.removeAllChildren();
-    }
+export default function (env: PhysicsTestEnv) {
+    describe(`Rigid body`, () => {
+        test(`Basic api`, () => {
+            const { rootNode: parent } = env;
+
+            const nodeDynamic = new Node('Dynamic');
+            parent.addChild(nodeDynamic);
+            const initPos = new Vec3(0, 10, 0);
+            nodeDynamic.worldPosition = initPos;
+            const body = nodeDynamic.addComponent(physics.RigidBody) as physics.RigidBody;
+            body.type = physics.RigidBody.Type.STATIC;
+            expect(body.isStatic).toBe(true);
+            body.type = physics.RigidBody.Type.KINEMATIC;
+            expect(body.isKinematic).toBe(true);
+            body.type = physics.RigidBody.Type.DYNAMIC;
+            expect(body.isDynamic).toBe(true);
+            const massA = 2;
+            body.mass = massA;
+            expect(body.mass).toBe(massA);
+
+            const v3_0 = Vec3.negate(new Vec3(), physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.gravity);
+            v3_0.multiplyScalar(massA);
+            body.applyForce(v3_0);
+
+            const dt = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.fixedTimeStep;
+            director.tick(dt);
+
+            expect(Vec3.equals(nodeDynamic.worldPosition, initPos)).toBe(true);
+
+            v3_0.set(1, 2, 3); const v3_1 = new Vec3();
+            body.setLinearVelocity(v3_0);
+            body.getLinearVelocity(v3_1);
+            expect(Vec3.equals(v3_0, v3_1)).toBe(true);
+
+            v3_0.set(3, 2, 1); v3_1.set(0, 0, 0);
+            body.setAngularVelocity(v3_0);
+            body.getAngularVelocity(v3_1);
+            expect(Vec3.equals(v3_0, v3_1)).toBe(true);
+
+            body.linearDamping = 0.001;
+            expect(body.linearDamping === 0.001).toBe(true);
+
+            body.angularDamping = 0.001;
+            expect(body.angularDamping === 0.001).toBe(true);
+
+            body.clearForces();
+            body.clearVelocity();
+            body.clearState();
+            body.getLinearVelocity(v3_0);
+            body.getAngularVelocity(v3_1);
+            expect(Vec3.equals(v3_0, Vec3.ZERO)).toBe(true);
+            expect(Vec3.equals(v3_1, Vec3.ZERO)).toBe(true);
+        });
+
+        test(`Local inertia`, () => {
+            const { rootNode: parent } = env;
+
+            const nodeDynamic = new Node('Dynamic');
+            parent.addChild(nodeDynamic);
+            const body = nodeDynamic.addComponent(physics.RigidBody) as physics.RigidBody;
+            body.type = physics.RigidBody.Type.DYNAMIC;
+            const v3_0 = new Vec3(1, 1, 1);
+            body.setAngularVelocity(v3_0);
+            expect(Quat.equals(nodeDynamic.worldRotation, Quat.IDENTITY)).toBe(true);
+            const dt = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.fixedTimeStep;
+            director.tick(dt);
+            expect(!Quat.equals(nodeDynamic.worldRotation, Quat.IDENTITY)).toBe(true);
+        });
+
+        test (`Use gravity`, () => {
+            const { rootNode: parent } = env;
+
+            const nodeDynamic = new Node('Dynamic');
+            parent.addChild(nodeDynamic);
+            const body = nodeDynamic.addComponent(physics.RigidBody) as physics.RigidBody;
+            body.useGravity = false;
+            body.type = physics.RigidBody.Type.DYNAMIC;
+            expect(Vec3.equals(nodeDynamic.worldPosition, Vec3.ZERO)).toBe(true);
+            const dt = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.fixedTimeStep;
+            for (let i = 0; i < 200; i++)director.tick(dt);
+            expect(Vec3.equals(nodeDynamic.worldPosition, Vec3.ZERO)).toBe(true);
+            expect(body.isSleeping).toBe(true);
+        });
+
+        test(`CCD`, () => {
+            const { rootNode: parent } = env;
+            
+            const nodeDynamic = new Node('Dynamic');
+            parent.addChild(nodeDynamic);
+            const sphere = nodeDynamic.addComponent(physics.SphereCollider) as physics.SphereCollider;
+            const body = nodeDynamic.addComponent(physics.RigidBody) as physics.RigidBody;
+            body.useCCD = true;
+            body.useGravity = false;
+            body.setLinearVelocity(new Vec3(500, 0, 0));
+            let isDispatched = false;
+            sphere.on('onCollisionEnter', (event: ICollisionEvent) => {
+                isDispatched = true;
+                expect(event.selfCollider.uuid).toBe(sphere.uuid);
+                expect(event.otherCollider.uuid).toBe(box.uuid);
+            })
+    
+            const nodeStatic = new Node('Static');
+            parent.addChild(nodeStatic);
+            const box = nodeStatic.addComponent(physics.BoxCollider) as physics.BoxCollider;
+            nodeStatic.worldPosition = new Vec3(10, 0, 0);
+            nodeStatic.worldRotation = Quat.fromEuler(new Quat(), 10, 20, 30);
+    
+            // PhysX/Cannon/Bullet Not enough support currently
+            // const nodeTrigger = new Node('Static');
+            // parent.addChild(nodeTrigger);
+            // const sphereTrigger = nodeTrigger.addComponent(physics.SphereCollider) as physics.SphereCollider;
+            // sphereTrigger.isTrigger = true;
+            // nodeTrigger.worldPosition = new Vec3(5, 0, 0);
+            // nodeTrigger.worldRotation = Quat.fromEuler(new Quat(), -10, 50, 30);
+            // let isTriggered = false;
+            // sphereTrigger.on('onTriggerEnter', (event: ITriggerEvent) => {
+            //     isTriggered = true;
+            //     expect(event.selfCollider.uuid).toBe(sphereTrigger.uuid);
+            //     expect(event.otherCollider.uuid).toBe(sphere.uuid);
+            // })
+    
+            const dt = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.fixedTimeStep;
+            for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++)director.tick(dt);
+    
+            expect(isDispatched).toBe(true);
+            // expect(isTriggered).toBe(true);
+        });
+    });
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/physics/event.ts b/tests/physics/event.ts
index 6cb143a6ce9..9f9317bf407 100644
--- a/tests/physics/event.ts
+++ b/tests/physics/event.ts
@@ -2,52 +2,55 @@ import { Vec3 } from "../../cocos/core";
 import { director } from "../../cocos/game";
 import { Node } from "../../cocos/scene-graph";
 import { physics } from "../../exports/physics-framework";
+import { PhysicsTestEnv } from "./physics.test";
 
 /**
  * This function is used to test some event callback
  */
-export default function (parent: Node, steps = 300) {
-    const nodeDynamic = new Node('DynamicA');
-    parent.addChild(nodeDynamic);
-    nodeDynamic.worldPosition = new Vec3(0, 4, 0);
-    nodeDynamic.addComponent(physics.RigidBody);
-    const colliderDynamic: physics.SphereCollider = nodeDynamic.addComponent(physics.SphereCollider);
-    const colliderTrigger: physics.BoxCollider = nodeDynamic.addComponent(physics.BoxCollider);
-    colliderTrigger.isTrigger = true;
-
-    const nodeStatic = new Node('StaticB');
-    parent.addChild(nodeStatic);
-    nodeStatic.addComponent(physics.BoxCollider);
-
-    function onCollision(event: physics.ICollisionEvent) {
-        expect(event.selfCollider).toBe(colliderDynamic);
-    }
-
-    function onTrigger(event: physics.ITriggerEvent) {
-        expect(event.selfCollider).toBe(colliderTrigger);
-    }
-
-    // collision event
-    expect(colliderDynamic.needCollisionEvent).toBe(false);
-    colliderDynamic.on('onCollisionEnter', onCollision);
-
-    expect(colliderDynamic.needCollisionEvent).toBe(true);
-
-    // trigger event
-    expect(colliderTrigger.needTriggerEvent).toBe(false);
-    colliderTrigger.on('onTriggerEnter', onTrigger);
-    expect(colliderTrigger.needTriggerEvent).toBe(true);
-
-    const dt = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.fixedTimeStep;
-    for (let i = 0; i < steps; i++) {
-        director.tick(dt);
-    }
-
-    colliderDynamic.off('onCollisionEnter', onCollision);
-    expect(colliderDynamic.needCollisionEvent).toBe(false);
-    colliderTrigger.off('onTriggerEnter', onTrigger);
-    expect(colliderTrigger.needTriggerEvent).toBe(false);
-
-    parent.destroyAllChildren();
-    parent.removeAllChildren();
+export default function (env: PhysicsTestEnv) {
+    test(`Event`, () => {
+        const { rootNode: parent } = env;
+        const steps = 300;
+
+        const nodeDynamic = new Node('DynamicA');
+        parent.addChild(nodeDynamic);
+        nodeDynamic.worldPosition = new Vec3(0, 4, 0);
+        nodeDynamic.addComponent(physics.RigidBody);
+        const colliderDynamic: physics.SphereCollider = nodeDynamic.addComponent(physics.SphereCollider);
+        const colliderTrigger: physics.BoxCollider = nodeDynamic.addComponent(physics.BoxCollider);
+        colliderTrigger.isTrigger = true;
+
+        const nodeStatic = new Node('StaticB');
+        parent.addChild(nodeStatic);
+        nodeStatic.addComponent(physics.BoxCollider);
+
+        function onCollision(event: physics.ICollisionEvent) {
+            expect(event.selfCollider).toBe(colliderDynamic);
+        }
+
+        function onTrigger(event: physics.ITriggerEvent) {
+            expect(event.selfCollider).toBe(colliderTrigger);
+        }
+
+        // collision event
+        expect(colliderDynamic.needCollisionEvent).toBe(false);
+        colliderDynamic.on('onCollisionEnter', onCollision);
+
+        expect(colliderDynamic.needCollisionEvent).toBe(true);
+
+        // trigger event
+        expect(colliderTrigger.needTriggerEvent).toBe(false);
+        colliderTrigger.on('onTriggerEnter', onTrigger);
+        expect(colliderTrigger.needTriggerEvent).toBe(true);
+
+        const dt = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.fixedTimeStep;
+        for (let i = 0; i < steps; i++) {
+            director.tick(dt);
+        }
+
+        colliderDynamic.off('onCollisionEnter', onCollision);
+        expect(colliderDynamic.needCollisionEvent).toBe(false);
+        colliderTrigger.off('onTriggerEnter', onTrigger);
+        expect(colliderTrigger.needTriggerEvent).toBe(false);
+    });
 }
diff --git a/tests/physics/filtering.ts b/tests/physics/filtering.ts
index 20ece4dc176..528c83581b4 100644
--- a/tests/physics/filtering.ts
+++ b/tests/physics/filtering.ts
@@ -1,90 +1,91 @@
 import { Vec3 } from "../../cocos/core";
 import { Node } from "../../cocos/scene-graph";
 import { physics } from "../../exports/physics-framework";
+import { PhysicsTestEnv } from "./physics.test";
 
 /**
  * This function is used to test the filtering
  */
-export default function (parent: Node, _steps = 0) {
+export default function (env: PhysicsTestEnv) {
+    test(`Filtering`, () => {
+        const { rootNode: parent } = env;
 
-    // group mask
-    {
-        const nodeStatic = new Node('StaticB');
-        parent.addChild(nodeStatic);
-        nodeStatic.worldScale = new Vec3(20, 0.01, 20);
-        nodeStatic.worldPosition = new Vec3(0, -0.005, 0);
-        const boxStatic = nodeStatic.addComponent(physics.BoxCollider) as physics.BoxCollider;
-        const bodyStatic = nodeStatic.addComponent(physics.RigidBody) as physics.RigidBody;
-        bodyStatic.type = physics.ERigidBodyType.STATIC;
+        // group mask
+        {
+            const nodeStatic = new Node('StaticB');
+            parent.addChild(nodeStatic);
+            nodeStatic.worldScale = new Vec3(20, 0.01, 20);
+            nodeStatic.worldPosition = new Vec3(0, -0.005, 0);
+            const boxStatic = nodeStatic.addComponent(physics.BoxCollider) as physics.BoxCollider;
+            const bodyStatic = nodeStatic.addComponent(physics.RigidBody) as physics.RigidBody;
+            bodyStatic.type = physics.ERigidBodyType.STATIC;
 
-        const gA = 1 << 2;
-        const gB = 1 << 5;
-        bodyStatic.setGroup(gA);
-        expect(boxStatic.getGroup()).toBe(gA);
-        bodyStatic.addGroup(gB);
-        expect(boxStatic.getGroup()).toBe(gA + gB);
-        bodyStatic.removeGroup(gA);
-        expect(boxStatic.getGroup()).toBe(gB);
+            const gA = 1 << 2;
+            const gB = 1 << 5;
+            bodyStatic.setGroup(gA);
+            expect(boxStatic.getGroup()).toBe(gA);
+            bodyStatic.addGroup(gB);
+            expect(boxStatic.getGroup()).toBe(gA + gB);
+            bodyStatic.removeGroup(gA);
+            expect(boxStatic.getGroup()).toBe(gB);
 
-        bodyStatic.setMask(gA);
-        expect(boxStatic.getMask()).toBe(gA);
-        bodyStatic.addMask(gB);
-        expect(boxStatic.getMask()).toBe(gA + gB);
-        bodyStatic.removeMask(gA);
-        expect(boxStatic.getMask()).toBe(gB);
-        nodeStatic.destroy();
-        nodeStatic.removeFromParent();
-    }
+            bodyStatic.setMask(gA);
+            expect(boxStatic.getMask()).toBe(gA);
+            bodyStatic.addMask(gB);
+            expect(boxStatic.getMask()).toBe(gA + gB);
+            bodyStatic.removeMask(gA);
+            expect(boxStatic.getMask()).toBe(gB);
+            nodeStatic.destroy();
+            nodeStatic.removeFromParent();
+        }
 
-    // collision matrix
-    {
-        const config = {
-            collisionGroups: [
-                {
-                    "index": 1,
-                    "name": "BIT_1"
-                },
-                {
-                    "index": 2,
-                    "name": "BIT_2"
+        // collision matrix
+        {
+            const config = {
+                collisionGroups: [
+                    {
+                        "index": 1,
+                        "name": "BIT_1"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "index": 2,
+                        "name": "BIT_2"
+                    }
+                ],
+                collisionMatrix: {
+                    "0": 5, // can collide with Default\BIT_2
+                    "1": 6, // can collide with BIT_1\BIT_2
+                    "2": 7  // can collide with Default\BIT_1\BIT_2
                 }
-            ],
-            collisionMatrix: {
-                "0": 5, // can collide with Default\BIT_2
-                "1": 6, // can collide with BIT_1\BIT_2
-                "2": 7  // can collide with Default\BIT_1\BIT_2
-            }
-        };
-        physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.resetConfiguration(config);
+            };
+            physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.resetConfiguration(config);
 
-        const node1 = new Node('1');
-        const boxNode1 = node1.addComponent(physics.BoxCollider) as physics.BoxCollider;
-        const bodyNode1 = node1.addComponent(physics.RigidBody) as physics.RigidBody;
-        bodyNode1.group = physics.PhysicsGroup['BIT_1'];
-        parent.addChild(node1);
-        expect(boxNode1.getGroup()).toBe(physics.PhysicsGroup['BIT_1']);
-        expect(boxNode1.getGroup()).toBe(bodyNode1.getGroup());
-        expect(boxNode1.getMask()).toBe(bodyNode1.getMask());
-        expect(bodyNode1.getMask()).toBe(
-            physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.collisionMatrix[physics.PhysicsGroup['BIT_1']]
-        );
-        node1.destroy();
-        node1.removeFromParent();
+            const node1 = new Node('1');
+            const boxNode1 = node1.addComponent(physics.BoxCollider) as physics.BoxCollider;
+            const bodyNode1 = node1.addComponent(physics.RigidBody) as physics.RigidBody;
+            bodyNode1.group = physics.PhysicsGroup['BIT_1'];
+            parent.addChild(node1);
+            expect(boxNode1.getGroup()).toBe(physics.PhysicsGroup['BIT_1']);
+            expect(boxNode1.getGroup()).toBe(bodyNode1.getGroup());
+            expect(boxNode1.getMask()).toBe(bodyNode1.getMask());
+            expect(bodyNode1.getMask()).toBe(
+                physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.collisionMatrix[physics.PhysicsGroup['BIT_1']]
+            );
+            node1.destroy();
+            node1.removeFromParent();
 
-        const node2 = new Node('2');
-        parent.addChild(node2);
-        const boxNode2 = node2.addComponent(physics.BoxCollider) as physics.BoxCollider;
-        const bodyNode2 = node2.addComponent(physics.RigidBody) as physics.RigidBody;
-        expect(boxNode2.getGroup()).toBe(physics.PhysicsGroup.DEFAULT);
-        expect(boxNode2.getGroup()).toBe(bodyNode2.getGroup());
-        expect(boxNode2.getMask()).toBe(bodyNode2.getMask());
-        expect(bodyNode2.getMask()).toBe(
-            physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.collisionMatrix[physics.PhysicsGroup.DEFAULT]
-        );
-        node2.destroy();
-        node2.removeFromParent();
-
-        parent.destroyAllChildren();
-        parent.removeAllChildren();
-    }
+            const node2 = new Node('2');
+            parent.addChild(node2);
+            const boxNode2 = node2.addComponent(physics.BoxCollider) as physics.BoxCollider;
+            const bodyNode2 = node2.addComponent(physics.RigidBody) as physics.RigidBody;
+            expect(boxNode2.getGroup()).toBe(physics.PhysicsGroup.DEFAULT);
+            expect(boxNode2.getGroup()).toBe(bodyNode2.getGroup());
+            expect(boxNode2.getMask()).toBe(bodyNode2.getMask());
+            expect(bodyNode2.getMask()).toBe(
+                physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.collisionMatrix[physics.PhysicsGroup.DEFAULT]
+            );
+            node2.destroy();
+            node2.removeFromParent();
+        }
+    });
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/physics/physics.test.ts b/tests/physics/physics.test.ts
index 6c64dde998d..22aef25172f 100644
--- a/tests/physics/physics.test.ts
+++ b/tests/physics/physics.test.ts
@@ -4,11 +4,9 @@ import { physics, PhysicsMaterial, PhysicsSystem } from "../../exports/physics-f
 import "../../exports/physics-physx";
 import "../../exports/physics-builtin";
 import waitForAmmoInstantiation from "../../exports/wait-for-ammo-instantiation";
-waitForAmmoInstantiation(null);
 import "../../exports/physics-ammo";
 import "../../exports/physics-cannon";
 import { InitPhysXLibs } from '../../cocos/physics/physx/physx-adapter';
-InitPhysXLibs();
 import EventTest from "./event";
 import RaycastTest from "./raycast";
 import SweepTest from "./sweep";
@@ -18,10 +16,13 @@ import VolumeTest from "./volume";
 import FilterTest from "./filtering";
 import DynamicTest from "./dynamic";
 import ConstraintTest from "./constraint";
-import CharacterController from "./characterController";
+import CharacterControllerTest from "./character-controller";
 import { Node, Scene } from "../../cocos/scene-graph";
 import { builtinResMgr } from "../../exports/base";
 
+waitForAmmoInstantiation();
+InitPhysXLibs();
+
 game.emit(Game.EVENT_PRE_SUBSYSTEM_INIT);
 // Manually construct and register the system
 PhysicsSystem.constructAndRegister();
@@ -35,62 +36,64 @@ test(`physics test | selector`, done => {
     done();
 });
 
-for (const id in physics.selector.backend) {
-    test(`physics test | ${id}`, done => {
-        // test selector
+export interface PhysicsTestEnv {
+    rootNode: Node;
+    backendId: 'builtin' | 'physx' | 'bullet' | 'cannon.js';
+}
+
+describe.each(Object.keys(physics.selector.backend))(
+    `Backend: %s`, (id) => {
+
+    let scene!: Scene;
+    let temp0!: Node;
+    const env: PhysicsTestEnv = {
+        backendId: id as PhysicsTestEnv['backendId'],
+        get rootNode() {
+            return temp0;
+        },
+    };
+
+    beforeAll(() => {
         physics.selector.switchTo(id);
         expect(physics.selector.id).toBe(id);
-
-        const scene = new Scene('test');
+    
+        scene = new Scene('test');
         director.runSceneImmediate(scene);
-
-        const temp0 = new Node();
+    
+        temp0 = new Node();
         scene.addChild(temp0);
+    });
+
+    afterAll(() => {
+        scene.destroy();
+    });
 
-        // test events
-        EventTest(temp0);
+    afterEach(() => {
+        temp0.destroyAllChildren();
+        temp0.removeAllChildren();
+    });
 
-        // test raycast
-        RaycastTest(temp0);
+    EventTest(env);
 
-        // test sweep
-        SweepTest(temp0);
+    RaycastTest(env);
 
-        if (physics.PhysicsSystem.PHYSICS_BUILTIN) {
-            temp0.destroy();
-            scene.destroy();
-            return done();
-        }
+    SweepTest(env);
 
-        // test auto sleep state
-        SleepTest(temp0);
+    if (id === 'builtin') {
+        return;
+    }
 
-        // test stable
-        [1, 0.5].forEach((v) => { StableTest(temp0, 500, v); });
+    SleepTest(env);
 
-        if (physics.PhysicsSystem.PHYSICS_PHYSX) {
-            // test small scale in physx
-            [0.25, 0.15].forEach((v) => { StableTest(temp0, 500, v); });
-        }
+    StableTest(env);
 
-        // test volume
-        VolumeTest(temp0);
+    VolumeTest(env);
 
-        // test filter
-        FilterTest(temp0);
+    FilterTest(env);
 
-        // test rigid body
-        DynamicTest(temp0);
+    DynamicTest(env);
 
-        // test constraint
-        ConstraintTest(temp0);
+    ConstraintTest(env);
 
-        // test character controller
-        CharacterController(temp0);
-        
-        temp0.destroy();
-        scene.destroy();
-        // all works done
-        done();
-    });
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+    CharacterControllerTest(env);
+});
diff --git a/tests/physics/raycast.ts b/tests/physics/raycast.ts
index f289061e0cc..bc45a990ba2 100644
--- a/tests/physics/raycast.ts
+++ b/tests/physics/raycast.ts
@@ -2,87 +2,88 @@ import { geometry, Quat, Vec3 } from "../../cocos/core";
 import { physics } from "../../exports/physics-framework";
 import { Node } from "../../cocos/scene-graph";
 import { director } from "../../cocos/game";
+import { PhysicsTestEnv } from "./physics.test";
 
 
 /**
  * This function is used to test the raycast
  */
-export default function (parent: Node) {
-
-    const node0 = new Node('0');
-    const sphere = node0.addComponent(physics.SphereCollider) as physics.SphereCollider;
-    parent.addChild(node0);
-    node0.worldPosition = new Vec3(0, 0.15, 2);
-    sphere.setGroup(physics.PhysicsGroup.DEFAULT);
-
-    const node1 = new Node('1');
-    const box = node1.addComponent(physics.BoxCollider) as physics.BoxCollider;
-    parent.addChild(node1);
-    box.setGroup(1 << 1);
-
-    const node2 = new Node('2');
-    const capsule = node2.addComponent(physics.CapsuleCollider) as physics.CapsuleCollider;
-    parent.addChild(node2);
-    node2.worldPosition = new Vec3(0.1, -0.15, 5);
-    capsule.setGroup(1 << 2);
-    capsule.isTrigger = true;
-
-    // test zero mask
-    let isHit = false;
-    const hits = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.raycastResults;
-    const ray_t = new geometry.Ray();
-    isHit = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.raycast(ray_t, 0);
-    expect(isHit).toBe(false);
-
-    // physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.syncSceneToPhysics();
-    director.tick(physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.fixedTimeStep);
-
-    // test wrong ray
-    ray_t.o.set(0.25, 0.25, -5);
-    ray_t.d.set(Vec3.UNIT_Y);
-    isHit = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.raycast(ray_t, -1);
-    expect(isHit).toBe(false);
-
-    // test distance
-    ray_t.d.set(Vec3.UNIT_Z);
-    isHit = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.raycast(ray_t, -1, 5);
-    expect(isHit).toBe(true);
-    expect(hits.length).toBe(1);
-
-    // query trigger false
-    isHit = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.raycast(ray_t, -1, 100, false);
-    expect(isHit).toBe(true);
-    expect(hits.length).toBe(physics.PhysicsSystem.PHYSICS_BUILTIN ? 3 : 2);
-
-    // query trigger true
-    isHit = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.raycast(ray_t, -1, 100, true);
-    expect(isHit).toBe(true);
-    expect(hits.length).toBe(physics.PhysicsSystem.PHYSICS_CANNON ? 2 : 3);
-
-    // default distance & query trigger
-    isHit = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.raycast(ray_t, -1);
-    expect(isHit).toBe(true);
-    expect(hits.length).toBe(physics.PhysicsSystem.PHYSICS_CANNON ? 2 : 3);
-
-    // only detect 1
-    isHit = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.raycast(ray_t, 1);
-    expect(isHit).toBe(true);
-    expect(hits.length).toBe(1);
-
-    // detect 2 & 4, except 1
-    isHit = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.raycast(ray_t, (1 << 1) | (1 << 0));
-    expect(isHit).toBe(true);
-    expect(hits.length).toBe(2);
-
-    // closest test
-    const hitClosest = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.raycastClosestResult;
-    isHit = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.raycastClosest(ray_t, -1);
-    expect(isHit).toBe(true);
-    expect(hitClosest.collider.uuid).toBe(box.uuid);
-    ray_t.o.z = box.node.worldPosition.z - box.size.z / 2;
-    expect(Vec3.equals(hitClosest.hitPoint, ray_t.o, 0.001)).toBe(true);
-    expect(Vec3.equals(hitClosest.hitNormal, physics.PhysicsSystem.PHYSICS_BUILTIN ? Vec3.ZERO : Vec3.FORWARD)).toBe(true);
-
-    parent.destroyAllChildren();
-    parent.removeAllChildren();
+export default function (env: PhysicsTestEnv) {
+    test(`Raycast`, () => {
+        const { rootNode: parent } = env;
+
+        const node0 = new Node('0');
+        const sphere = node0.addComponent(physics.SphereCollider) as physics.SphereCollider;
+        parent.addChild(node0);
+        node0.worldPosition = new Vec3(0, 0.15, 2);
+        sphere.setGroup(physics.PhysicsGroup.DEFAULT);
+
+        const node1 = new Node('1');
+        const box = node1.addComponent(physics.BoxCollider) as physics.BoxCollider;
+        parent.addChild(node1);
+        box.setGroup(1 << 1);
+
+        const node2 = new Node('2');
+        const capsule = node2.addComponent(physics.CapsuleCollider) as physics.CapsuleCollider;
+        parent.addChild(node2);
+        node2.worldPosition = new Vec3(0.1, -0.15, 5);
+        capsule.setGroup(1 << 2);
+        capsule.isTrigger = true;
+
+        // test zero mask
+        let isHit = false;
+        const hits = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.raycastResults;
+        const ray_t = new geometry.Ray();
+        isHit = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.raycast(ray_t, 0);
+        expect(isHit).toBe(false);
+
+        // physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.syncSceneToPhysics();
+        director.tick(physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.fixedTimeStep);
+
+        // test wrong ray
+        ray_t.o.set(0.25, 0.25, -5);
+        ray_t.d.set(Vec3.UNIT_Y);
+        isHit = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.raycast(ray_t, -1);
+        expect(isHit).toBe(false);
+
+        // test distance
+        ray_t.d.set(Vec3.UNIT_Z);
+        isHit = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.raycast(ray_t, -1, 5);
+        expect(isHit).toBe(true);
+        expect(hits.length).toBe(1);
+
+        // query trigger false
+        isHit = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.raycast(ray_t, -1, 100, false);
+        expect(isHit).toBe(true);
+        expect(hits.length).toBe(physics.PhysicsSystem.PHYSICS_BUILTIN ? 3 : 2);
+
+        // query trigger true
+        isHit = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.raycast(ray_t, -1, 100, true);
+        expect(isHit).toBe(true);
+        expect(hits.length).toBe(physics.PhysicsSystem.PHYSICS_CANNON ? 2 : 3);
+
+        // default distance & query trigger
+        isHit = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.raycast(ray_t, -1);
+        expect(isHit).toBe(true);
+        expect(hits.length).toBe(physics.PhysicsSystem.PHYSICS_CANNON ? 2 : 3);
+
+        // only detect 1
+        isHit = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.raycast(ray_t, 1);
+        expect(isHit).toBe(true);
+        expect(hits.length).toBe(1);
+
+        // detect 2 & 4, except 1
+        isHit = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.raycast(ray_t, (1 << 1) | (1 << 0));
+        expect(isHit).toBe(true);
+        expect(hits.length).toBe(2);
+
+        // closest test
+        const hitClosest = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.raycastClosestResult;
+        isHit = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.raycastClosest(ray_t, -1);
+        expect(isHit).toBe(true);
+        expect(hitClosest.collider.uuid).toBe(box.uuid);
+        ray_t.o.z = box.node.worldPosition.z - box.size.z / 2;
+        expect(Vec3.equals(hitClosest.hitPoint, ray_t.o, 0.001)).toBe(true);
+        expect(Vec3.equals(hitClosest.hitNormal, physics.PhysicsSystem.PHYSICS_BUILTIN ? Vec3.ZERO : Vec3.FORWARD)).toBe(true);
+    });
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/physics/sleep.ts b/tests/physics/sleep.ts
index 7173b8840c5..40235df0caf 100644
--- a/tests/physics/sleep.ts
+++ b/tests/physics/sleep.ts
@@ -2,49 +2,51 @@ import { Vec3 } from "../../cocos/core";
 import { physics } from "../../exports/physics-framework";
 import { Node } from "../../cocos/scene-graph";
 import { director } from "../../cocos/game";
+import { PhysicsTestEnv } from "./physics.test";
 
 /**
  * This function is used to test automatic sleep
  */
-export default function (parent: Node, steps = 300) {
-    const nodeDynamicA = new Node('DynamicA');
-    parent.addChild(nodeDynamicA);
-    nodeDynamicA.worldPosition = new Vec3(0, 10, 0);
-    nodeDynamicA.addComponent(physics.SphereCollider);
-    const bodyA = nodeDynamicA.addComponent(physics.RigidBody) as physics.RigidBody;
+export default function (env: PhysicsTestEnv, steps = 300) {
+    test(`Sleep`, () => {
+        const { rootNode: parent } = env;
+        
+        const nodeDynamicA = new Node('DynamicA');
+        parent.addChild(nodeDynamicA);
+        nodeDynamicA.worldPosition = new Vec3(0, 10, 0);
+        nodeDynamicA.addComponent(physics.SphereCollider);
+        const bodyA = nodeDynamicA.addComponent(physics.RigidBody) as physics.RigidBody;
 
-    const nodeDynamicB = new Node('DynamicB');
-    parent.addChild(nodeDynamicB);
-    nodeDynamicB.worldPosition = new Vec3(0, 5, 0);
-    const bodyB = nodeDynamicB.addComponent(physics.RigidBody) as physics.RigidBody;
-    nodeDynamicB.addComponent(physics.BoxCollider);
+        const nodeDynamicB = new Node('DynamicB');
+        parent.addChild(nodeDynamicB);
+        nodeDynamicB.worldPosition = new Vec3(0, 5, 0);
+        const bodyB = nodeDynamicB.addComponent(physics.RigidBody) as physics.RigidBody;
+        nodeDynamicB.addComponent(physics.BoxCollider);
 
-    const nodeStatic = new Node('StaticB');
-    parent.addChild(nodeStatic);
-    nodeStatic.addComponent(physics.BoxCollider);
-    nodeStatic.worldScale = new Vec3(10, 1, 10);
+        const nodeStatic = new Node('StaticB');
+        parent.addChild(nodeStatic);
+        nodeStatic.addComponent(physics.BoxCollider);
+        nodeStatic.worldScale = new Vec3(10, 1, 10);
 
-    expect(bodyA.isSleeping).toBe(false);
-    expect(bodyB.isSleeping).toBe(false);
-    expect(bodyA.isAwake).toBe(true);
-    expect(bodyB.isAwake).toBe(true);
+        expect(bodyA.isSleeping).toBe(false);
+        expect(bodyB.isSleeping).toBe(false);
+        expect(bodyA.isAwake).toBe(true);
+        expect(bodyB.isAwake).toBe(true);
 
-    const dt = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.fixedTimeStep;
-    const middle = Math.floor(steps / 2);
-    for (let i = 0; i < steps; i++) {
-        if (i === middle) {
-            bodyA.wakeUp();
-            expect(bodyA.isSleeping).toBe(false);
-            expect(bodyA.isAwake).toBe(true);
+        const dt = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.fixedTimeStep;
+        const middle = Math.floor(steps / 2);
+        for (let i = 0; i < steps; i++) {
+            if (i === middle) {
+                bodyA.wakeUp();
+                expect(bodyA.isSleeping).toBe(false);
+                expect(bodyA.isAwake).toBe(true);
+            }
+            director.tick(dt);
         }
-        director.tick(dt);
-    }
 
-    expect(bodyA.isSleeping).toBe(true);
-    expect(bodyB.isSleeping).toBe(true);
-    expect(bodyA.isAwake).toBe(false);
-    expect(bodyB.isAwake).toBe(false);
-    
-    parent.destroyAllChildren();
-    parent.removeAllChildren();
+        expect(bodyA.isSleeping).toBe(true);
+        expect(bodyB.isSleeping).toBe(true);
+        expect(bodyA.isAwake).toBe(false);
+        expect(bodyB.isAwake).toBe(false);
+    });
 }
diff --git a/tests/physics/stability.ts b/tests/physics/stability.ts
index aed35705bb7..21f7505ef4e 100644
--- a/tests/physics/stability.ts
+++ b/tests/physics/stability.ts
@@ -2,11 +2,28 @@ import { Vec3 } from "../../cocos/core";
 import { physics } from "../../exports/physics-framework";
 import { Node } from "../../cocos/scene-graph";
 import { director } from "../../cocos/game";
+import { PhysicsTestEnv } from "./physics.test";
+
+export default function(env: PhysicsTestEnv) {
+    describe(`Stability test`, () => {
+        test.each([1, 0.5])(`Stable %s`, (v) => {
+            doTest(env, 500, v);
+        });
+
+        if (env.backendId === 'physx') {
+            test.each([0.25, 0.15])(`Stable for small scale in PhysX %s`, (v) => {
+                doTest(env, 500, v);
+            });
+        }
+    });
+}
 
 /**
  * This function is used to test stability of the physics
  */
-export default function (parent: Node, steps = 500, scale = 0.5) {
+function doTest(env: PhysicsTestEnv, steps = 500, scale = 0.5) {
+    const { rootNode: parent } = env;
+
     const nodeStatic = new Node('StaticB');
     parent.addChild(nodeStatic);
     nodeStatic.addComponent(physics.BoxCollider);
@@ -49,8 +66,5 @@ export default function (parent: Node, steps = 500, scale = 0.5) {
     bodies.forEach((v) => {
         expect(v.isSleeping).toBe(true);
         expect(v.isAwake).toBe(false);
-    })
-    
-    parent.destroyAllChildren();
-    parent.removeAllChildren();
+    });
 }
diff --git a/tests/physics/sweep.ts b/tests/physics/sweep.ts
index 7533c737a1b..8e1757ddc9f 100644
--- a/tests/physics/sweep.ts
+++ b/tests/physics/sweep.ts
@@ -2,52 +2,54 @@ import { geometry, Quat, Vec3 } from "../../cocos/core";
 import { physics } from "../../exports/physics-framework";
 import { Node } from "../../cocos/scene-graph";
 import { director } from "../../cocos/game";
-
+import { PhysicsTestEnv } from "./physics.test";
 
 /**
  * This function is used to test the raycast
  */
-export default function (parent: Node) {
-    //skip builtin and cannon.js for now
-    if (physics.selector.id === 'builtin' || physics.selector.id === 'cannon.js') 
+export default function (env: PhysicsTestEnv) {
+    if (env.backendId === 'builtin' || env.backendId === 'cannon.js') {
         return;
-    
-    const nodeSphere = new Node('sphere');
-    const sphere = nodeSphere.addComponent(physics.SphereCollider) as physics.SphereCollider;
-    parent.addChild(nodeSphere);
-    nodeSphere.worldPosition = new Vec3(10, 0, 0);
-    sphere.setGroup(physics.PhysicsGroup.DEFAULT);
+    }
 
-    const nodeBox = new Node('box');
-    const box = nodeBox.addComponent(physics.BoxCollider) as physics.BoxCollider;
-    parent.addChild(nodeBox);
-    nodeBox.worldPosition = new Vec3(5, 0, 0);
-    box.setGroup(physics.PhysicsGroup.DEFAULT);
+    test(`Sweep`, () => {
+        const { rootNode: parent } = env;
+        
+        const nodeSphere = new Node('sphere');
+        const sphere = nodeSphere.addComponent(physics.SphereCollider) as physics.SphereCollider;
+        parent.addChild(nodeSphere);
+        nodeSphere.worldPosition = new Vec3(10, 0, 0);
+        sphere.setGroup(physics.PhysicsGroup.DEFAULT);
 
-    let isHit = false;
-    const ray_t = new geometry.Ray(0,0,0,1,0,0);
+        const nodeBox = new Node('box');
+        const box = nodeBox.addComponent(physics.BoxCollider) as physics.BoxCollider;
+        parent.addChild(nodeBox);
+        nodeBox.worldPosition = new Vec3(5, 0, 0);
+        box.setGroup(physics.PhysicsGroup.DEFAULT);
 
-    director.tick(physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.fixedTimeStep);
-    
-    // all test
-    {
-        const hits = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.sweepCastResults;
-        const boxHalfExtents = new Vec3(0.5, 0.5, 0.5);
-        const orientation = new Quat();
-        isHit = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.sweepBox(ray_t, boxHalfExtents, orientation);
-        expect(isHit).toBe(true);
-        expect(hits.length).toBe(2);
-    }
+        let isHit = false;
+        const ray_t = new geometry.Ray(0,0,0,1,0,0);
 
-    // closest test
-    {
-        const hitClosest = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.sweepCastClosestResult;
-        const boxHalfExtents = new Vec3(0.5, 0.5, 0.5);
-        const orientation = new Quat();
-        isHit = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.sweepBoxClosest(ray_t, boxHalfExtents, orientation);
-        expect(isHit).toBe(true);
-        expect(hitClosest.collider.uuid).toBe(box.uuid);
-    }
-    parent.destroyAllChildren();
-    parent.removeAllChildren();
+        director.tick(physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.fixedTimeStep);
+        
+        // all test
+        {
+            const hits = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.sweepCastResults;
+            const boxHalfExtents = new Vec3(0.5, 0.5, 0.5);
+            const orientation = new Quat();
+            isHit = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.sweepBox(ray_t, boxHalfExtents, orientation);
+            expect(isHit).toBe(true);
+            expect(hits.length).toBe(2);
+        }
+
+        // closest test
+        {
+            const hitClosest = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.sweepCastClosestResult;
+            const boxHalfExtents = new Vec3(0.5, 0.5, 0.5);
+            const orientation = new Quat();
+            isHit = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.sweepBoxClosest(ray_t, boxHalfExtents, orientation);
+            expect(isHit).toBe(true);
+            expect(hitClosest.collider.uuid).toBe(box.uuid);
+        }
+    });
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/physics/volume.ts b/tests/physics/volume.ts
index 6c813e8b998..45a8d80001e 100644
--- a/tests/physics/volume.ts
+++ b/tests/physics/volume.ts
@@ -2,38 +2,42 @@ import { Vec3 } from "../../cocos/core";
 import { physics } from "../../exports/physics-framework";
 import { Node } from "../../cocos/scene-graph";
 import { director } from "../../cocos/game";
+import { PhysicsTestEnv } from "./physics.test";
 
 /**
  * This function is used to test the behavior of different volume ratios
  */
-export default function (parent: Node, steps = 120, ratios = 0.2) {
-    const nodeStatic = new Node('StaticB');
-    parent.addChild(nodeStatic);
-    nodeStatic.addComponent(physics.BoxCollider);
-    nodeStatic.worldScale = new Vec3(20, 0.01, 20);
-    nodeStatic.worldPosition = new Vec3(0, -0.005, 0);
+export default function (env: PhysicsTestEnv) {
+    test(`Volume`, () => {
+        const { rootNode: parent } = env;
 
-    const high = new Node('high');
-    parent.addChild(high);
-    const highBody = high.addComponent(physics.RigidBody) as physics.RigidBody;
-    high.addComponent(physics.BoxCollider);
-    const initPos = new Vec3(0, 0.5 + ratios, 0);
-    high.worldPosition = initPos;
+        const steps = 120, ratios = 0.2;
+    
+        const nodeStatic = new Node('StaticB');
+        parent.addChild(nodeStatic);
+        nodeStatic.addComponent(physics.BoxCollider);
+        nodeStatic.worldScale = new Vec3(20, 0.01, 20);
+        nodeStatic.worldPosition = new Vec3(0, -0.005, 0);
 
-    const low = new Node('low');
-    parent.addChild(low);
-    low.addComponent(physics.RigidBody);
-    low.addComponent(physics.BoxCollider);
-    low.worldScale = new Vec3(ratios, ratios, ratios);
-    low.worldPosition = new Vec3(0, ratios / 2, 0);
+        const high = new Node('high');
+        parent.addChild(high);
+        const highBody = high.addComponent(physics.RigidBody) as physics.RigidBody;
+        high.addComponent(physics.BoxCollider);
+        const initPos = new Vec3(0, 0.5 + ratios, 0);
+        high.worldPosition = initPos;
 
-    const dt = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.fixedTimeStep;
-    for (let i = 0; i < steps; i++) {
-        director.tick(dt);
-    }
+        const low = new Node('low');
+        parent.addChild(low);
+        low.addComponent(physics.RigidBody);
+        low.addComponent(physics.BoxCollider);
+        low.worldScale = new Vec3(ratios, ratios, ratios);
+        low.worldPosition = new Vec3(0, ratios / 2, 0);
 
-    expect(high.worldPosition.equals(initPos, 0.01)).toBe(true);
+        const dt = physics.PhysicsSystem.instance.fixedTimeStep;
+        for (let i = 0; i < steps; i++) {
+            director.tick(dt);
+        }
 
-    parent.destroyAllChildren();
-    parent.removeAllChildren();
+        expect(high.worldPosition.equals(initPos, 0.01)).toBe(true);
+    });
 }

From 5aecd91d8680a3f1de61c8bd1f73f03b4a1aaddb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: troublemaker52025 <troublemaker52025@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2023 19:12:22 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 52/59] revert invalid optimizations for global patches
 (#16241)

---
 cocos/render-scene/scene/submodel.ts | 20 +-------------------
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cocos/render-scene/scene/submodel.ts b/cocos/render-scene/scene/submodel.ts
index 66a026c2fb8..95c28fbabbd 100644
--- a/cocos/render-scene/scene/submodel.ts
+++ b/cocos/render-scene/scene/submodel.ts
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ import { DescriptorSet, DescriptorSetInfo, Device, InputAssembler, Texture, Text
 import { errorID, Mat4, cclegacy } from '../../core';
 import { getPhaseID } from '../../rendering/pass-phase';
 import { Root } from '../../root';
-import { MacroRecord } from '../core/pass-utils';
 
 const _dsInfo = new DescriptorSetInfo(null!);
 const MAX_PASS_COUNT = 8;
@@ -55,7 +54,6 @@ export class SubModel {
     protected _shaders: Shader[] | null = null;
     protected _subMesh: RenderingSubMesh | null = null;
     protected _patches: IMacroPatch[] | null = null;
-    protected _globalPatches: MacroRecord | null = null;
     protected _priority: RenderPriority = RenderPriority.DEFAULT;
     protected _inputAssembler: InputAssembler | null = null;
     protected _descriptorSet: DescriptorSet | null = null;
@@ -296,7 +294,6 @@ export class SubModel {
         this.priority = RenderPriority.DEFAULT;
 
         this._patches = null;
-        this._globalPatches = null;
         this._subMesh = null;
 
         this._passes = null;
@@ -327,22 +324,6 @@ export class SubModel {
      * @zh 管线更新回调
      */
     public onPipelineStateChanged (): void {
-        const root = cclegacy.director.root as Root;
-        const pipeline = root.pipeline;
-        const pipelinePatches = Object.entries(pipeline.macros);
-        if (!this._globalPatches && pipelinePatches.length === 0) {
-            return;
-        } else if (pipelinePatches.length) {
-            if (this._globalPatches) {
-                const globalPatches = Object.entries(this._globalPatches);
-                if (pipelinePatches.length === globalPatches.length) {
-                    const patchesStateUnchanged = JSON.stringify(pipelinePatches.sort()) === JSON.stringify(globalPatches.sort());
-                    if (patchesStateUnchanged) return;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        this._globalPatches = pipeline.macros;
-
         const passes = this._passes;
         if (!passes) { return; }
 
@@ -365,6 +346,7 @@ export class SubModel {
             return;
         } else if (patches) {
             patches = patches.sort();
+            // Sorting on shorter patches outperforms hashing, with negative optimization on longer global patches.
             if (this._patches && patches.length === this._patches.length) {
                 const patchesStateUnchanged = JSON.stringify(patches) === JSON.stringify(this._patches);
                 if (patchesStateUnchanged) return;

From 1ee3a59411b13055ae78f055c03769685744478b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ChiaNing <sun.cloud.mo@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2023 15:49:44 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 53/59] skip batch when GFX Texture is null (#16273)

---
 cocos/2d/renderer/batcher-2d.ts | 15 +++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cocos/2d/renderer/batcher-2d.ts b/cocos/2d/renderer/batcher-2d.ts
index 13e7126ec76..253b90ef0ef 100644
--- a/cocos/2d/renderer/batcher-2d.ts
+++ b/cocos/2d/renderer/batcher-2d.ts
@@ -490,8 +490,15 @@ export class Batcher2D implements IBatcher {
      * @param mat - The material used
      * @param enableBatch - component support multi draw batch or not
      */
-    public commitMiddleware (comp: UIRenderer, meshBuffer: MeshBuffer, indexOffset: number,
-        indexCount: number, tex: TextureBase, mat: Material, enableBatch: boolean): void {
+    public commitMiddleware (
+        comp: UIRenderer,
+        meshBuffer: MeshBuffer,
+        indexOffset: number,
+        indexCount: number,
+        tex: TextureBase,
+        mat: Material,
+        enableBatch: boolean,
+    ): void {
         // check if need merge draw batch
         const texture = tex.getGFXTexture();
         if (enableBatch && this._middlewareEnableBatch && this._middlewareBuffer === meshBuffer
@@ -654,7 +661,7 @@ export class Batcher2D implements IBatcher {
         this._currBID = -1;
 
         // Request ia failed
-        if (!ia) {
+        if (!ia || !this._currTexture) {
             return;
         }
 
@@ -671,7 +678,7 @@ export class Batcher2D implements IBatcher {
 
         const curDrawBatch = this._currStaticRoot ? this._currStaticRoot._requireDrawBatch() : this._drawBatchPool.alloc();
         curDrawBatch.visFlags = this._currLayer;
-        curDrawBatch.texture = this._currTexture!;
+        curDrawBatch.texture = this._currTexture;
         curDrawBatch.sampler = this._currSampler;
         curDrawBatch.inputAssembler = ia;
         curDrawBatch.useLocalData = this._currTransform;

From 5682bbf996246b81b8ff61082ea865cd5218b551 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Leslie=20Leigh=20=28=E6=9D=8E=E7=9A=84=E5=BA=8F=29?=
 <leslieleigh@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 10:52:16 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 54/59] Use WebAssembly version libraries for unit testing
 (#16264)

* Use WebAssembly version libs in unit test
---
 jest.config.js                    | 10 ++++-
 tests/constants-for-test.ts       |  4 +-
 tests/init.ts                     | 73 +++----------------------------
 tests/physics/physics.test.ts     |  6 ++-
 tests/physics2d/physics2d.test.ts |  5 ++-
 tests/utils/pal-wasm-testing.ts   | 53 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 77 insertions(+), 74 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/utils/pal-wasm-testing.ts

diff --git a/jest.config.js b/jest.config.js
index 4df7472cc5a..1eb9d794173 100644
--- a/jest.config.js
+++ b/jest.config.js
@@ -9,12 +9,18 @@ const { compilerOptions } = tsConfig.config;
 module.exports = {
     testEnvironment: './tests/test-environment.ts',
     testRegex: '/tests/.*\\.(test|spec)?\\.(ts|tsx)$',
-    moduleNameMapper: pathsToModuleNameMapper(compilerOptions.paths, { prefix: `${__dirname}/` }),
+    moduleNameMapper: {
+        ...pathsToModuleNameMapper(compilerOptions.paths, { prefix: `${__dirname}/` }),
+        'external:(.*)': '<rootDir>/native/external/$1',
+    },
     transformIgnorePatterns: [
         // ignore everything in the node_modules EXCEPT for:
         // - @cocos/dragonbones-js
         'node_modules/(?!(@cocos/dragonbones-js)/)',
-        'native/external/emscripten/',
+        // ignore everything in the native/external/emscripten EXCEPT for:
+        // - meshopt
+        // Since above packages are in ESM module format, whereas we currently use CJS for testing.
+        'native/external/emscripten/(?!(meshopt)/)',
     ],
     setupFilesAfterEnv: [
         "./tests/setup-after-env.ts",
diff --git a/tests/constants-for-test.ts b/tests/constants-for-test.ts
index d2fd34792c6..5c7e25ad31d 100644
--- a/tests/constants-for-test.ts
+++ b/tests/constants-for-test.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { WebAssemblySupportMode } from "../cocos/misc/webassembly-support";
+
 const _globalThis = typeof global === 'undefined' ? globalThis : global;
 const _global = typeof window === 'undefined' ? _globalThis : window;
 
@@ -39,4 +41,4 @@ export const VIVO = tryDefineGlobal('CC_VIVO', false);
 // @ts-expect-error: 'loadRuntime' exits only in runtime environment.
 export const SUPPORT_JIT = tryDefineGlobal('CC_SUPPORT_JIT', (typeof loadRuntime === 'function'));
 export const SERVER_MODE = false;
-export const WASM_SUPPORT_MODE = 0;
+export const WASM_SUPPORT_MODE = WebAssemblySupportMode.SUPPORT;
diff --git a/tests/init.ts b/tests/init.ts
index 1b826a307e0..b9fb0d18057 100644
--- a/tests/init.ts
+++ b/tests/init.ts
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ jest.mock(
 
 jest.mock(
     'pal/wasm',
-    () => jest.requireActual('../pal/wasm/wasm-native'),  // NOTE: fix CI, we used import.meta in wasm-web.ts
+    () => jest.requireActual('./utils/pal-wasm-testing'),  // NOTE: fix CI, we used import.meta in wasm-web.ts
     { virtual: true, },
 );
 
@@ -81,80 +81,17 @@ jest.mock(
     'external:emscripten/physx/physx.release.wasm.wasm',
     'external:emscripten/spine/spine.wasm',
     'external:emscripten/box2d/box2d.release.wasm.wasm',
-].forEach(moduleId => {
-    jest.mock(moduleId, 
+    'external:emscripten/meshopt/meshopt_decoder.wasm.wasm',
+].forEach(mockModuleId => {
+    jest.mock(mockModuleId, 
         () => ({
             __esModule: true,
-            default: 'this should be a wasm url',
+            default: mockModuleId,
         }),
         { virtual: true, },
     );
 });
 
-jest.mock('external:emscripten/meshopt/meshopt_decoder.wasm.wasm', 
-    () => ({
-        __esModule: true,
-        default: 'this should be a wasm url',
-    }),
-    { virtual: true, },
-);
-
-// Mock external wasm js module here
-[
-    'external:emscripten/webgpu/webgpu_wasm.js',
-    'external:emscripten/webgpu/glslang.js',
-    'external:emscripten/physx/physx.release.wasm.js',
-    'external:emscripten/spine/spine.js',
-    'external:emscripten/box2d/box2d.release.wasm.js',
-].forEach(moduleId => {
-    jest.mock(moduleId, 
-        () => ({
-            __esModule: true,
-            default: function factory () { return Promise.resolve({}); },
-        }),
-        { virtual: true, },
-    );
-});
-
-jest.mock('external:emscripten/meshopt/meshopt_decoder.wasm.js',
-    () => ({
-        __esModule: true,
-        default: function factory () { return Promise.resolve({}); },
-    }),
-    { virtual: true, },
-);
-
-jest.mock(
-    'external:emscripten/physx/physx.release.asm.js', 
-    () => jest.requireActual('../native/external/emscripten/physx/physx.release.asm.js'),
-    { virtual: true },
-);
-
-
-jest.mock(
-    'external:emscripten/bullet/bullet.asm.js', 
-    () => jest.requireActual('../native/external/emscripten/bullet/bullet.asm.js'),
-    { virtual: true },
-);
-
-jest.mock(
-    'external:emscripten/meshopt/meshopt_decoder.asm.js', 
-    () => jest.requireActual('../native/external/emscripten/meshopt/meshopt_decoder.asm.js'),
-    { virtual: true },
-);
-
-jest.mock(
-    'external:emscripten/spine/spine.asm.js', 
-    () => jest.requireActual('../native/external/emscripten/spine/spine.asm.js'),
-    { virtual: true },
-);
-
-jest.mock(
-    'external:emscripten/box2d/box2d.release.asm.js',
-    () => jest.requireActual('../native/external/emscripten/box2d/box2d.release.asm.js'),
-    { virtual: true },
-);
-
 jest.mock('../cocos/core/platform/debug', () => {
     const result = {
         __esModule: true, // Use it when dealing with esModules
diff --git a/tests/physics/physics.test.ts b/tests/physics/physics.test.ts
index 22aef25172f..dbfc4c7c87b 100644
--- a/tests/physics/physics.test.ts
+++ b/tests/physics/physics.test.ts
@@ -20,8 +20,10 @@ import CharacterControllerTest from "./character-controller";
 import { Node, Scene } from "../../cocos/scene-graph";
 import { builtinResMgr } from "../../exports/base";
 
-waitForAmmoInstantiation();
-InitPhysXLibs();
+beforeAll(async () => {
+    await waitForAmmoInstantiation();
+    await InitPhysXLibs();
+});
 
 game.emit(Game.EVENT_PRE_SUBSYSTEM_INIT);
 // Manually construct and register the system
diff --git a/tests/physics2d/physics2d.test.ts b/tests/physics2d/physics2d.test.ts
index db993f0cd54..e7b758fce9c 100644
--- a/tests/physics2d/physics2d.test.ts
+++ b/tests/physics2d/physics2d.test.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import * as physics2d from "../../exports/physics-2d-framework";
 import { Node, Scene } from "../../cocos/scene-graph";
 
 import waitForBox2dWasmInstantiation from "../../exports/wait-for-box2d-instantiation";
-waitForBox2dWasmInstantiation();
 import "../../exports/physics-2d-box2d-wasm";
 import "../../exports/physics-2d-box2d";
 import "../../exports/physics-2d-builtin";
@@ -17,6 +16,10 @@ import EventTest from "./events";
 game.emit(Game.EVENT_PRE_SUBSYSTEM_INIT);
 physics2d.PhysicsSystem2D.constructAndRegister();
 
+beforeAll(async () => {
+    await waitForBox2dWasmInstantiation();
+});
+
 test(`physics2d test | utils`, done => {
     Utils();
     done();
diff --git a/tests/utils/pal-wasm-testing.ts b/tests/utils/pal-wasm-testing.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3cd441fff95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/utils/pal-wasm-testing.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ Copyright (c) 2023 Xiamen Yaji Software Co., Ltd.
+
+ https://www.cocos.com/
+
+ Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+ use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+ of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ subject to the following conditions:
+
+ The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+import { checkPalIntegrity, withImpl } from '../../pal/integrity-check';
+import { join } from 'node:path';
+import { readFileSync } from 'node:fs';
+
+export async function instantiateWasm (wasmUrl: string, importObject: WebAssembly.Imports): Promise<any> {
+    return fetchBuffer(wasmUrl).then((arrayBuffer) => WebAssembly.instantiate(arrayBuffer, importObject));
+}
+
+export async function fetchBuffer (binaryUrl: string): Promise<ArrayBuffer> {
+    const relativePathToExternal = /^external:(.*)/.exec(binaryUrl)?.[1];
+    if (relativePathToExternal) {
+        const externalHome = join(__dirname, '..', '..', 'native', 'external');
+        const path = join(externalHome, relativePathToExternal);
+        try {
+            const content = readFileSync(path);
+            return content.buffer;
+        } catch (err) {
+            throw new Error(`Unable to fetch buffer from ${binaryUrl}`, { cause: error });
+        }
+    }
+
+    throw new Error(`Don't know how to fetch buffer at url ${binaryUrl}`);
+}
+
+export async function ensureWasmModuleReady() {
+    return Promise.resolve();
+}
+
+checkPalIntegrity<typeof import('@pal/wasm')>(withImpl<typeof import('./pal-wasm-testing')>());

From c58cb54083b6f5e029a0466f4f813663274011bc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: bofeng-song <bofeng.song@chukong-inc.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 13:34:40 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 55/59] Fix the issue of sensitive character filtering being
 fixed still leads to its display. (#16261)

---
 platforms/minigame/common/engine/Editbox.js | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/platforms/minigame/common/engine/Editbox.js b/platforms/minigame/common/engine/Editbox.js
index 619439a4452..3097bf74f48 100644
--- a/platforms/minigame/common/engine/Editbox.js
+++ b/platforms/minigame/common/engine/Editbox.js
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@
             cbs.onKeyboardConfirm = function (res) {
                 res && res.value ? delegate._editBoxEditingReturn(res.value) : delegate._editBoxEditingReturn();
                 const cbs = self._eventListeners;
-                cbs.onKeyboardComplete && cbs.onKeyboardComplete();
+                cbs.onKeyboardComplete && cbs.onKeyboardComplete(res);
             };
 
             cbs.onKeyboardComplete = function (res) {
@@ -96,6 +96,9 @@
                 if (cc.sys.platform !== cc.sys.Platform.WECHAT_MINI_PROGRAM) {
                     self._unregisterKeyboardEvent();
                 }
+                if (res && res.value && res.value !== delegate.string) {
+                    delegate._editBoxTextChanged(res.value);
+                }
                 res && res.value ? delegate._editBoxEditingDidEnded(res.value) : delegate._editBoxEditingDidEnded();
             };
 

From dae0f55fec9aa35b5496e55f8aff15fea21eaa82 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jk20012001 <jkregister@163.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 15:41:49 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 56/59] fix albedoScaleAndCutOff type mismatch (#16282)

---
 .../util/dcc/imported-metallic-roughness.effect      | 12 ++++++------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editor/assets/effects/util/dcc/imported-metallic-roughness.effect b/editor/assets/effects/util/dcc/imported-metallic-roughness.effect
index a385d707dde..2ab10f99fb8 100644
--- a/editor/assets/effects/util/dcc/imported-metallic-roughness.effect
+++ b/editor/assets/effects/util/dcc/imported-metallic-roughness.effect
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ CCEffect %{
         emissiveMap:          { value: grey, editor: { displayName: EmissiveColorMap } }
         alphaSource:          { value: 1.0, editor: { slide: true, range: [0, 1.0], step: 0.001 } }
         alphaSourceMap:       { value: grey, editor: { parent: USE_OPACITY_MAP } }
-        alphaThreshold:       { value: 0.5, target: albedoScaleAndCutoff.w, editor: { parent: USE_ALPHA_TEST, slide: true, range: [0, 1.0], step: 0.001 } }
+        alphaThreshold:       { value: 0.5, editor: { parent: USE_ALPHA_TEST, slide: true, range: [0, 1.0], step: 0.001 } }
         normalStrength:       { value: 1.0, editor: { parent: USE_NORMAL_MAP, slide: true, range: [0, 1.0], step: 0.001 } }
         normalMap:            { value: normal }
     - &forward-add
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ CCEffect %{
       properties:
         tilingOffset:   { value: [1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0] }
         mainColor:      { value: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0], target: albedo, editor: { displayName: Albedo, type: color } }
-        albedoScale:    { value: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0], target: albedoScaleAndCutoff.xyz }
-        alphaThreshold: { value: 0.5, target: albedoScaleAndCutoff.w, editor: { parent: USE_ALPHA_TEST } }
+        albedoScale:    { value: 1.0, editor: { displayName: BaseWeight } }
+        alphaThreshold: { value: 0.5, editor: { parent: USE_ALPHA_TEST } }
         mainTexture:    { value: grey, target: albedoMap, editor: { displayName: AlbedoMap } }
         alphaSource:    { value: 1.0, editor: { slide: true, range: [0, 1.0], step: 0.001 } }
         alphaSourceMap: { value: grey, editor: { parent: USE_OPACITY_MAP } }
@@ -96,7 +96,6 @@ CCProgram shared-ubos %{
   uniform Constants {
     vec4 tilingOffset;
     vec4 albedo;
-    vec4 albedoScaleAndCutoff;
     vec4 emissive;
     float emissiveScale;
     float occlusion;
@@ -105,6 +104,7 @@ CCProgram shared-ubos %{
     float normalStrength;
     float alphaSource;
     float albedoScale;
+    float alphaThreshold;
     float specularIntensity;
   };
 }%
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ CCProgram surface-fragment %{
       #endif
     #endif
     #if USE_ALPHA_TEST
-      if (baseColor.a < albedoScaleAndCutoff.w) discard;
+      if (baseColor.a < alphaThreshold) discard;
     #endif
     return baseColor;
   }
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ CCProgram surface-fragment %{
           #endif
         #endif
 
-        if (alpha < albedoScaleAndCutoff.w) discard;
+        if (alpha < alphaThreshold) discard;
       #endif
   }
 

From 8366af4d1d31aad002247813a4cf8a022e4b6ad0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ling Zhan <lealzhan@126.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 18:05:55 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 57/59] [opt] physx mesh collider shrinkPositions() performance
 x50 (#16283)

---
 cocos/physics/utils/util.ts | 22 ++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cocos/physics/utils/util.ts b/cocos/physics/utils/util.ts
index ead93adcf0e..cd2c5c6c661 100644
--- a/cocos/physics/utils/util.ts
+++ b/cocos/physics/utils/util.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
  THE SOFTWARE.
 */
 
-import { equals, Vec3, IVec3Like } from '../../core';
+import { equals, Vec3, IVec3Like, murmurhash2_32_gc } from '../../core';
 import { CharacterController, CharacterTriggerEventType, Collider, CollisionEventType, IContactEquation, TriggerEventType } from '../framework';
 
 export { cylinder } from '../../primitive';
@@ -69,23 +69,21 @@ export const CollisionEventObject = {
 
 export function shrinkPositions (buffer: Float32Array | number[]): number[] {
     const pos: number[] = [];
+    const posHashMap = {};
     if (buffer.length >= 3) {
-        // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-expressions
-        pos[0] = buffer[0], pos[1] = buffer[1], pos[2] = buffer[2];
+        pos[0] = buffer[0];
+        pos[1] = buffer[1];
+        pos[2] = buffer[2];
         const len = buffer.length;
         for (let i = 3; i < len; i += 3) {
             const p0 = buffer[i];
             const p1 = buffer[i + 1];
             const p2 = buffer[i + 2];
-            const len2 = pos.length;
-            let isNew = true;
-            for (let j = 0; j < len2; j += 3) {
-                if (equals(p0, pos[j]) && equals(p1, pos[j + 1]) && equals(p2, pos[j + 2])) {
-                    isNew = false;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            if (isNew) {
+            const str = String(p0) +  String(p1) + String(p2);
+            //todo: directly use buffer as input
+            const hash = murmurhash2_32_gc(str, 666);
+            if (posHashMap[hash] !== str) {
+                posHashMap[hash] = str;
                 pos.push(p0); pos.push(p1); pos.push(p2);
             }
         }

From f7cf786e83871d477578f6c62f4a5bbfa729d82c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: PP <chinese1236@qq.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 09:47:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 58/59] fix: gulp-build-h5-source (#16277)

* fix: gulp-build-h5-source

* update lock
---
 package-lock.json                 | 554 +++++++++++-------------------
 package.json                      |   2 +-
 scripts/build-engine/package.json |   4 +-
 3 files changed, 196 insertions(+), 364 deletions(-)

diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index e1185a3f10c..8f8f9d5075f 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 {
   "name": "cocos-creator",
-  "version": "3.8.1",
+  "version": "3.8.2",
   "lockfileVersion": 3,
   "requires": true,
   "packages": {
     "": {
       "name": "cocos-creator",
-      "version": "3.8.1",
+      "version": "3.8.2",
       "hasInstallScript": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
         "@babel/plugin-proposal-export-default-from": "^7.17.12",
         "@babel/preset-env": "7.8.7",
         "@cocos/babel-preset-cc": "2.2.0",
-        "@cocos/build-engine": "4.4.1",
+        "@cocos/build-engine": "4.4.2",
         "@types/fs-extra": "^5.0.4",
         "@types/jest": "^24.9.1",
         "@types/yargs": "^12.0.14",
@@ -97,11 +97,11 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/code-frame": {
-      "version": "7.22.10",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/code-frame/-/code-frame-7.22.10.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-/KKIMG4UEL35WmI9OlvMhurwtytjvXoFcGNrOvyG9zIzA8YmPjVtIZUf7b05+TPO7G7/GEmLHDaoCgACHl9hhA==",
+      "version": "7.22.13",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/code-frame/-/code-frame-7.22.13.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-XktuhWlJ5g+3TJXc5upd9Ks1HutSArik6jf2eAjYFyIOf4ej3RN+184cZbzDvbPnuTJIUhPKKJE3cIsYTiAT3w==",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/highlight": "^7.22.10",
+        "@babel/highlight": "^7.22.13",
         "chalk": "^2.4.2"
       },
       "engines": {
@@ -117,26 +117,25 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/core": {
-      "version": "7.13.10",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npm.taobao.org/@babel/core/download/@babel/core-7.13.10.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-B94FC72Bk/zYo8J5GMCJBhOpRVk=",
+      "version": "7.19.6",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/core/-/core-7.19.6.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-D2Ue4KHpc6Ys2+AxpIx1BZ8+UegLLLE2p3KJEuJRKmokHOtl49jQ5ny1773KsGLZs8MQvBidAF6yWUJxRqtKtg==",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/code-frame": "^7.12.13",
-        "@babel/generator": "^7.13.9",
-        "@babel/helper-compilation-targets": "^7.13.10",
-        "@babel/helper-module-transforms": "^7.13.0",
-        "@babel/helpers": "^7.13.10",
-        "@babel/parser": "^7.13.10",
-        "@babel/template": "^7.12.13",
-        "@babel/traverse": "^7.13.0",
-        "@babel/types": "^7.13.0",
+        "@ampproject/remapping": "^2.1.0",
+        "@babel/code-frame": "^7.18.6",
+        "@babel/generator": "^7.19.6",
+        "@babel/helper-compilation-targets": "^7.19.3",
+        "@babel/helper-module-transforms": "^7.19.6",
+        "@babel/helpers": "^7.19.4",
+        "@babel/parser": "^7.19.6",
+        "@babel/template": "^7.18.10",
+        "@babel/traverse": "^7.19.6",
+        "@babel/types": "^7.19.4",
         "convert-source-map": "^1.7.0",
         "debug": "^4.1.0",
         "gensync": "^1.0.0-beta.2",
-        "json5": "^2.1.2",
-        "lodash": "^4.17.19",
-        "semver": "^6.3.0",
-        "source-map": "^0.5.0"
+        "json5": "^2.2.1",
+        "semver": "^6.3.0"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
@@ -146,37 +145,6 @@
         "url": "https://opencollective.com/babel"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/@babel/core/node_modules/@babel/generator": {
-      "version": "7.13.9",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npm.taobao.org/@babel/generator/download/@babel/generator-7.13.9.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-Onqpb577jivkLTjYDizrTGTY3jk=",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/types": "^7.13.0",
-        "jsesc": "^2.5.1",
-        "source-map": "^0.5.0"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@babel/core/node_modules/@babel/traverse": {
-      "version": "7.13.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npm.taobao.org/@babel/traverse/download/@babel/traverse-7.13.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-bZV1JHX4bufe0GU23jCaZfyJZsw=",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/code-frame": "^7.12.13",
-        "@babel/generator": "^7.13.0",
-        "@babel/helper-function-name": "^7.12.13",
-        "@babel/helper-split-export-declaration": "^7.12.13",
-        "@babel/parser": "^7.13.0",
-        "@babel/types": "^7.13.0",
-        "debug": "^4.1.0",
-        "globals": "^11.1.0",
-        "lodash": "^4.17.19"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@babel/core/node_modules/lodash": {
-      "version": "4.17.21",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npm.taobao.org/lodash/download/lodash-4.17.21.tgz?cache=0&sync_timestamp=1613835860585&other_urls=https%3A%2F%2Fregistry.npm.taobao.org%2Flodash%2Fdownload%2Flodash-4.17.21.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-Z5WRxWTDv/quhFTPCz3zcMPWkRw="
-    },
     "node_modules/@babel/core/node_modules/semver": {
       "version": "6.3.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npm.taobao.org/semver/download/semver-6.3.0.tgz",
@@ -186,14 +154,29 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/generator": {
-      "version": "7.9.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npm.taobao.org/@babel/generator/download/@babel/generator-7.9.4.tgz?cache=0&sync_timestamp=1585038762678&other_urls=https%3A%2F%2Fregistry.npm.taobao.org%2F%40babel%2Fgenerator%2Fdownload%2F%40babel%2Fgenerator-7.9.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-EkQekMOzxBWc3s8xIHW/Gozi284=",
+      "version": "7.20.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/generator/-/generator-7.20.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-u1dMdBUmA7Z0rBB97xh8pIhviK7oItYOkjbsCxTWMknyvbQRBwX7/gn4JXurRdirWMFh+ZtYARqkA6ydogVZpg==",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/types": "^7.9.0",
-        "jsesc": "^2.5.1",
-        "lodash": "^4.17.13",
-        "source-map": "^0.5.0"
+        "@babel/types": "^7.20.0",
+        "@jridgewell/gen-mapping": "^0.3.2",
+        "jsesc": "^2.5.1"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=6.9.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@babel/generator/node_modules/@jridgewell/gen-mapping": {
+      "version": "0.3.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@jridgewell/gen-mapping/-/gen-mapping-0.3.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-HLhSWOLRi875zjjMG/r+Nv0oCW8umGb0BgEhyX3dDX3egwZtB8PqLnjz3yedt8R5StBrzcg4aBpnh8UA9D1BoQ==",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@jridgewell/set-array": "^1.0.1",
+        "@jridgewell/sourcemap-codec": "^1.4.10",
+        "@jridgewell/trace-mapping": "^0.3.9"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=6.0.0"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/helper-annotate-as-pure": {
@@ -324,9 +307,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/helper-environment-visitor": {
-      "version": "7.22.5",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-environment-visitor/-/helper-environment-visitor-7.22.5.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-XGmhECfVA/5sAt+H+xpSg0mfrHq6FzNr9Oxh7PSEBBRUb/mL7Kz3NICXb194rCqAEdxkhPT1a88teizAFyvk8Q==",
+      "version": "7.22.20",
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-        "@babel/types": "^7.21.5"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=6.9.0"
+        "@babel/core": "7.19.6",
+        "@babel/generator": "7.20.1",
+        "@babel/helper-module-imports": "7.18.6",
+        "@babel/helper-plugin-utils": "7.14.5",
+        "@babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties": "7.18.6",
+        "@babel/plugin-proposal-logical-assignment-operators": "7.18.9",
+        "@babel/plugin-proposal-nullish-coalescing-operator": "7.18.6",
+        "@babel/plugin-proposal-optional-chaining": "7.18.9",
+        "@babel/plugin-syntax-decorators": "7.19.0",
+        "@babel/plugin-transform-typescript": "7.14.6",
+        "@babel/template": "7.18.10",
+        "@babel/traverse": "7.20.1",
+        "@babel/types": "7.20.0",
+        "babel-plugin-const-enum": "1.1.0"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/@cocos/creator-programming-babel-preset-cc/node_modules/@babel/plugin-proposal-logical-assignment-operators": {
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+    "node_modules/@cocos/creator-programming-babel-preset-cc/node_modules/@babel/helper-module-imports": {
+      "version": "7.18.6",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-module-imports/-/helper-module-imports-7.18.6.tgz",
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       "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/helper-plugin-utils": "^7.20.2",
-        "@babel/plugin-syntax-logical-assignment-operators": "^7.10.4"
+        "@babel/types": "^7.18.6"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
-      },
-      "peerDependencies": {
-        "@babel/core": "^7.0.0-0"
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+    "node_modules/@cocos/creator-programming-babel-preset-cc/node_modules/@babel/helper-plugin-utils": {
+      "version": "7.14.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-plugin-utils/-/helper-plugin-utils-7.14.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-/37qQCE3K0vvZKwoK4XU/irIJQdIfCJuhU5eKnNxpFDsOkgFaUAwbv+RYw6eYgsC0E4hS7r5KqGULUogqui0fQ==",
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-        "@babel/helper-skip-transparent-expression-wrappers": "^7.20.0",
-        "@babel/plugin-syntax-optional-chaining": "^7.8.3"
-      },
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-      },
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-      "version": "7.21.0",
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+    "node_modules/@cocos/creator-programming-babel-preset-cc/node_modules/@babel/template": {
+      "version": "7.18.10",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/template/-/template-7.18.10.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-TI+rCtooWHr3QJ27kJxfjutghu44DLnasDMwpDqCXVTal9RLp3RSYNh4NdBrRP2cQAoG9A8juOQl6P6oZG4JxA==",
       "dev": true,
       "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/helper-plugin-utils": "^7.20.2"
+        "@babel/code-frame": "^7.18.6",
+        "@babel/parser": "^7.18.10",
+        "@babel/types": "^7.18.10"
       },
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+      "version": "7.20.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/types/-/types-7.20.0.tgz",
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-        "@babel/generator": "^7.21.5",
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-        "@babel/helper-function-name": "^7.21.0",
-        "@babel/helper-hoist-variables": "^7.18.6",
-        "@babel/helper-split-export-declaration": "^7.18.6",
-        "@babel/parser": "^7.21.5",
-        "@babel/types": "^7.21.5",
-        "debug": "^4.1.0",
-        "globals": "^11.1.0"
+        "@babel/helper-string-parser": "^7.19.4",
+        "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.19.1",
+        "to-fast-properties": "^2.0.0"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
       }
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-    "node_modules/@cocos/creator-programming-babel-preset-cc/node_modules/@jridgewell/gen-mapping": {
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-      "dev": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "@jridgewell/set-array": "^1.0.1",
-        "@jridgewell/sourcemap-codec": "^1.4.10",
-        "@jridgewell/trace-mapping": "^0.3.9"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=6.0.0"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@cocos/creator-programming-babel-preset-cc/node_modules/@jridgewell/resolve-uri": {
-      "version": "3.1.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@jridgewell/resolve-uri/-/resolve-uri-3.1.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-F2msla3tad+Mfht5cJq7LSXcdudKTWCVYUgw6pLFOOHSTtZlj6SWNYAp+AhuqLmWdBO2X5hPrLcu8cVP8fy28w==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=6.0.0"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@cocos/creator-programming-babel-preset-cc/node_modules/@jridgewell/trace-mapping": {
-      "version": "0.3.18",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@jridgewell/trace-mapping/-/trace-mapping-0.3.18.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-w+niJYzMHdd7USdiH2U6869nqhD2nbfZXND5Yp93qIbEmnDNk7PD48o+YchRVpzMU7M6jVCbenTR7PA1FLQ9pA==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "@jridgewell/resolve-uri": "3.1.0",
-        "@jridgewell/sourcemap-codec": "1.4.14"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@cocos/creator-programming-babel-preset-cc/node_modules/@jridgewell/trace-mapping/node_modules/@jridgewell/sourcemap-codec": {
-      "version": "1.4.14",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@jridgewell/sourcemap-codec/-/sourcemap-codec-1.4.14.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-XPSJHWmi394fuUuzDnGz1wiKqWfo1yXecHQMRf2l6hztTO+nPru658AyDngaBe7isIxEkRsPR3FZh+s7iVa4Uw==",
-      "dev": true
-    },
-    "node_modules/@cocos/creator-programming-babel-preset-cc/node_modules/semver": {
-      "version": "6.3.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-6.3.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-b39TBaTSfV6yBrapU89p5fKekE2m/NwnDocOVruQFS1/veMgdzuPcnOM34M6CwxW8jH/lxEa5rBoDeUwu5HHTw==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "bin": {
-        "semver": "bin/semver.js"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/@cocos/dragonbones-js": {
       "version": "1.0.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@cocos/dragonbones-js/-/dragonbones-js-1.0.1.tgz",
@@ -4950,9 +4780,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@jridgewell/resolve-uri": {
-      "version": "3.0.7",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/@jridgewell/resolve-uri/-/resolve-uri-3.0.7.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-8cXDaBBHOr2pQ7j77Y6Vp5VDT2sIqWyWQ56TjEq4ih/a4iST3dItRe8Q9fp0rrIl9DoKhWQtUQz/YpOxLkXbNA==",
+      "version": "3.1.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@jridgewell/resolve-uri/-/resolve-uri-3.1.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-dSYZh7HhCDtCKm4QakX0xFpsRDqjjtZf/kjI/v3T3Nwt5r8/qz/M19F9ySyOqU94SXBmeG9ttTul+YnR4LOxFA==",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.0.0"
       }
@@ -4988,17 +4818,17 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@jridgewell/sourcemap-codec": {
-      "version": "1.4.13",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/@jridgewell/sourcemap-codec/-/sourcemap-codec-1.4.13.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-GryiOJmNcWbovBxTfZSF71V/mXbgcV3MewDe3kIMCLyIh5e7SKAeUZs+rMnJ8jkMolZ/4/VsdBmMrw3l+VdZ3w=="
+      "version": "1.4.15",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@jridgewell/sourcemap-codec/-/sourcemap-codec-1.4.15.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-eF2rxCRulEKXHTRiDrDy6erMYWqNw4LPdQ8UQA4huuxaQsVeRPFl2oM8oDGxMFhJUWZf9McpLtJasDDZb/Bpeg=="
     },
     "node_modules/@jridgewell/trace-mapping": {
-      "version": "0.3.13",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/@jridgewell/trace-mapping/-/trace-mapping-0.3.13.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-o1xbKhp9qnIAoHJSWd6KlCZfqslL4valSF81H8ImioOAxluWYWOpWkpyktY2vnt4tbrX9XYaxovq6cgowaJp2w==",
+      "version": "0.3.19",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@jridgewell/trace-mapping/-/trace-mapping-0.3.19.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-kf37QtfW+Hwx/buWGMPcR60iF9ziHa6r/CZJIHbmcm4+0qrXiVdxegAH0F6yddEVQ7zdkjcGCgCzUu+BcbhQxw==",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@jridgewell/resolve-uri": "^3.0.3",
-        "@jridgewell/sourcemap-codec": "^1.4.10"
+        "@jridgewell/resolve-uri": "^3.1.0",
+        "@jridgewell/sourcemap-codec": "^1.4.14"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@nodelib/fs.scandir": {
@@ -18707,7 +18537,8 @@
     "node_modules/lodash": {
       "version": "4.17.15",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npm.taobao.org/lodash/download/lodash-4.17.15.tgz?cache=0&sync_timestamp=1571657272199&other_urls=https%3A%2F%2Fregistry.npm.taobao.org%2Flodash%2Fdownload%2Flodash-4.17.15.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-tEf2ZwoEVbv+7dETku/zMOoJdUg="
+      "integrity": "sha1-tEf2ZwoEVbv+7dETku/zMOoJdUg=",
+      "dev": true
     },
     "node_modules/lodash.debounce": {
       "version": "4.0.8",
@@ -21583,6 +21414,7 @@
       "version": "0.5.7",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npm.taobao.org/source-map/download/source-map-0.5.7.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha1-igOdLRAh0i0eoUyA2OpGi6LvP8w=",
+      "dev": true,
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=0.10.0"
       }
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index a4570f5b985..37c87c6126c 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
     "@babel/plugin-proposal-export-default-from": "^7.17.12",
     "@babel/preset-env": "7.8.7",
     "@cocos/babel-preset-cc": "2.2.0",
-    "@cocos/build-engine": "4.4.1",
+    "@cocos/build-engine": "4.4.2",
     "@types/fs-extra": "^5.0.4",
     "@types/jest": "^24.9.1",
     "@types/yargs": "^12.0.14",
diff --git a/scripts/build-engine/package.json b/scripts/build-engine/package.json
index e4cedade257..94ac742ec37 100644
--- a/scripts/build-engine/package.json
+++ b/scripts/build-engine/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@cocos/build-engine",
-  "version": "4.4.1",
+  "version": "4.4.2",
   "description": "",
   "repository": {
     "type": "git",
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
     "@babel/plugin-transform-for-of": "^7.9.0",
     "@babel/preset-env": "^7.8.7",
     "@cocos/babel-plugin-dynamic-import-vars": "^1.0.2",
-    "@cocos/creator-programming-babel-preset-cc": "1.0.1-alpha.2",
+    "@cocos/creator-programming-babel-preset-cc": "1.0.1-alpha.5",
     "@rollup/plugin-babel": "^5.2.2",
     "@rollup/plugin-commonjs": "^11.0.2",
     "@rollup/plugin-json": "^4.0.2",

From d2d7623e9d98dd5a2e22084845d8a9acc551a8c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ChiaNing <sun.cloud.mo@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 11:14:42 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 59/59] Integration of outline and shadow to label (#16106)

* Integration of outline and shadow to label

* add test

* change getter/setter

* name change & use assert

* test name change

* name change

* fix

* remove old attribute & add visible

* remove assert

* fix: gulp-build-h5-source

* Revert "fix: gulp-build-h5-source"

---------

Co-authored-by: PP_Pro <chinese1236@qq.com>
---
 cocos/2d/assembler/label/letter-font.ts       |  14 +-
 cocos/2d/assembler/label/ttfUtils.ts          |  48 ++++--
 cocos/2d/components/deprecated.ts             |  29 +++-
 cocos/2d/components/label-outline.ts          |  74 +++------
 cocos/2d/components/label-shadow.ts           |  85 ++++------
 cocos/2d/components/label.ts                  | 157 +++++++++++++++++-
 .../default_prefab/2d/Camera.prefab.meta      |   2 +-
 .../default_prefab/2d/ui/Canvas.prefab.meta   |   2 +-
 .../default_prefab/3d/Capsule.prefab.meta     |   2 +-
 .../assets/default_prefab/3d/Cone.prefab.meta |   2 +-
 .../assets/default_prefab/3d/Cube.prefab.meta |   2 +-
 .../default_prefab/3d/Cylinder.prefab.meta    |   2 +-
 .../default_prefab/3d/Plane.prefab.meta       |   2 +-
 .../assets/default_prefab/3d/Quad.prefab.meta |   2 +-
 .../default_prefab/3d/Sphere.prefab.meta      |   2 +-
 .../default_prefab/3d/Torus.prefab.meta       |   2 +-
 .../assets/default_prefab/Camera.prefab.meta  |   2 +-
 .../assets/default_prefab/Terrain.prefab.meta |   2 +-
 .../effects/Particle System.prefab.meta       |   2 +-
 .../light/Directional Light.prefab.meta       |   2 +-
 .../light/Light Probe Group.prefab.meta       |   2 +-
 .../light/Point Light.prefab.meta             |   2 +-
 .../Ranged Directional Light.prefab.meta      |   2 +-
 .../light/Reflection Probe.prefab.meta        |   2 +-
 .../light/Sphere Light.prefab.meta            |   2 +-
 .../light/Spot Light.prefab.meta              |   2 +-
 .../default_prefab/ui/Button.prefab.meta      |   2 +-
 .../default_prefab/ui/Canvas.prefab.meta      |   2 +-
 .../default_prefab/ui/EditBox.prefab.meta     |   2 +-
 .../default_prefab/ui/Graphics.prefab.meta    |   2 +-
 .../default_prefab/ui/Label.prefab.meta       |   2 +-
 .../default_prefab/ui/Layout.prefab.meta      |   2 +-
 .../assets/default_prefab/ui/Mask.prefab.meta |   2 +-
 .../ui/ParticleSystem2D.prefab.meta           |   2 +-
 .../default_prefab/ui/ProgressBar.prefab.meta |   2 +-
 .../default_prefab/ui/RichText.prefab.meta    |   2 +-
 .../default_prefab/ui/ScrollView.prefab.meta  |   2 +-
 .../default_prefab/ui/Slider.prefab.meta      |   2 +-
 .../default_prefab/ui/Sprite.prefab.meta      |   2 +-
 .../ui/SpriteRenderer.prefab.meta             |   2 +-
 .../ui/SpriteSplash.prefab.meta               |   2 +-
 .../default_prefab/ui/TiledMap.prefab.meta    |   2 +-
 .../default_prefab/ui/Toggle.prefab.meta      |   2 +-
 .../ui/ToggleContainer.prefab.meta            |   2 +-
 .../default_prefab/ui/VideoPlayer.prefab.meta |   2 +-
 .../default_prefab/ui/WebView.prefab.meta     |   2 +-
 .../default_prefab/ui/Widget.prefab.meta      |   2 +-
 .../default_prefab/ui/pageView.prefab.meta    |   2 +-
 .../debug-view-runtime-control.prefab.meta    |   2 +-
 editor/i18n/en/localization.js                |   7 +
 editor/i18n/zh/localization.js                |   7 +
 tests/ui/label.test.ts                        |  49 +++++-
 52 files changed, 387 insertions(+), 169 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cocos/2d/assembler/label/letter-font.ts b/cocos/2d/assembler/label/letter-font.ts
index 3acef2a0bcf..c189b39fb2a 100644
--- a/cocos/2d/assembler/label/letter-font.ts
+++ b/cocos/2d/assembler/label/letter-font.ts
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 import { js } from '../../../core';
 import { Label, LabelOutline } from '../../components';
 import { bmfontUtils } from './bmfontUtils';
-import { shareLabelInfo, LetterAtlas, computeHash } from './font-utils';
+import { shareLabelInfo, LetterAtlas, computeHash, LetterRenderTexture } from './font-utils';
 
 const _atlasWidth = 1024;
 const _atlasHeight = 1024;
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ export const letterFont = js.mixin(bmfontUtils, {
             _shareAtlas = new LetterAtlas(_atlasWidth, _atlasHeight);
         }
 
-        return _shareAtlas.getTexture();
+        return _shareAtlas.getTexture() as LetterRenderTexture | null;
     },
 
     _updateFontFamily (comp) {
@@ -47,12 +47,12 @@ export const letterFont = js.mixin(bmfontUtils, {
         shareLabelInfo.fontFamily = this._getFontFamily(comp);
 
         // outline
-        const outline = comp.getComponent(LabelOutline);
-        if (outline && outline.enabled) {
+        const isOutlined = comp.enableOutline && comp.outlineWidth > 0;
+        if (isOutlined) {
             shareLabelInfo.isOutlined = true;
-            shareLabelInfo.margin = outline.width;
-            shareLabelInfo.out = outline.color.clone();
-            shareLabelInfo.out.a = outline.color.a * comp.color.a / 255.0;
+            shareLabelInfo.margin = comp.outlineWidth;
+            shareLabelInfo.out = comp.outlineColor.clone();
+            shareLabelInfo.out.a = comp.outlineColor.color.a * comp.color.a / 255.0;
         } else {
             shareLabelInfo.isOutlined = false;
             shareLabelInfo.margin = 0;
diff --git a/cocos/2d/assembler/label/ttfUtils.ts b/cocos/2d/assembler/label/ttfUtils.ts
index 941cad48eac..c4ff09c4aa0 100644
--- a/cocos/2d/assembler/label/ttfUtils.ts
+++ b/cocos/2d/assembler/label/ttfUtils.ts
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
  THE SOFTWARE.
 */
-import { Label, LabelOutline, LabelShadow } from '../../components';
+import { Label } from '../../components';
 import { ISharedLabelData } from './font-utils';
 import { UITransform } from '../../framework/ui-transform';
 import { dynamicAtlasManager } from '../../utils/dynamic-atlas/atlas-manager';
@@ -30,13 +30,20 @@ import { TextOutputLayoutData, TextOutputRenderData } from './text-output-data';
 import { TextStyle } from './text-style';
 import { TextLayout } from './text-layout';
 import { view } from '../../../ui/view';
+import { approx } from '../../../core';
 
 const Overflow = Label.Overflow;
 
 export const ttfUtils =  {
 
-    updateProcessingData (style: TextStyle, layout: TextLayout,
-        outputLayoutData: TextOutputLayoutData, outputRenderData: TextOutputRenderData, comp: Label, trans: UITransform): void {
+    updateProcessingData (
+        style: TextStyle,
+        layout: TextLayout,
+        outputLayoutData: TextOutputLayoutData,
+        outputRenderData: TextOutputRenderData,
+        comp: Label,
+        trans: UITransform,
+    ): void {
         // font info // both
         style.isSystemFontUsed = comp.useSystemFont;
         style.fontSize = comp.fontSize;
@@ -62,25 +69,23 @@ export const ttfUtils =  {
         style.underlineHeight = comp.underlineHeight;
 
         // outline// both
-        let outlineComp = LabelOutline && comp.getComponent(LabelOutline);
-        outlineComp = (outlineComp && outlineComp.enabled && outlineComp.width > 0) ? outlineComp : null;
-        if (outlineComp) {
+        const isOutlined = comp.enableOutline && comp.outlineWidth > 0;
+        if (isOutlined) {
             style.isOutlined = true;
-            style.outlineColor.set(outlineComp.color);
-            style.outlineWidth = outlineComp.width;
+            style.outlineColor.set(comp.outlineColor);
+            style.outlineWidth = comp.outlineWidth;
         } else {
             style.isOutlined = false;
         }
 
         // shadow// both
-        let shadowComp = LabelShadow && comp.getComponent(LabelShadow);
-        shadowComp = (shadowComp && shadowComp.enabled) ? shadowComp : null;
-        if (shadowComp) {
+        const isShadow = comp.enableShadow && (comp.shadowBlur > 0 || !approx(comp.shadowOffset.x, 0) || !approx(comp.shadowOffset.y, 0));
+        if (isShadow) {
             style.hasShadow = true;
-            style.shadowColor.set(shadowComp.color);
-            style.shadowBlur = shadowComp.blur;
-            style.shadowOffsetX = shadowComp.offset.x;
-            style.shadowOffsetY = shadowComp.offset.y;
+            style.shadowColor.set(comp.shadowColor);
+            style.shadowBlur = comp.shadowBlur;
+            style.shadowOffsetX = comp.shadowOffset.x;
+            style.shadowOffsetY = comp.shadowOffset.y;
         } else {
             style.hasShadow = false;
         }
@@ -126,8 +131,15 @@ export const ttfUtils =  {
 
             // TextProcessing
             processing.processingString(false, style, layout, outputLayoutData, comp.string);
-            processing.generateRenderInfo(false, style, layout, outputLayoutData, outputRenderData,
-                comp.string, this.generateVertexData);
+            processing.generateRenderInfo(
+                false,
+                style,
+                layout,
+                outputLayoutData,
+                outputRenderData,
+                comp.string,
+                this.generateVertexData,
+            );
 
             const renderData = comp.renderData;
             renderData.textureDirty = true;
@@ -173,9 +185,11 @@ export const ttfUtils =  {
     },
 
     updateVertexData (comp: Label): void {
+        // no needs to update vertex data
     },
 
     updateUVs (comp: Label): void {
+        // no needs to update uv data
     },
 
     _updateFontFamily (comp: Label): string {
diff --git a/cocos/2d/components/deprecated.ts b/cocos/2d/components/deprecated.ts
index 0e8eb00bceb..cd2ed98e9d1 100644
--- a/cocos/2d/components/deprecated.ts
+++ b/cocos/2d/components/deprecated.ts
@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@ import { UIMeshRenderer } from './ui-mesh-renderer';
 import { Graphics } from './graphics';
 import { UIStaticBatch } from './ui-static-batch';
 import { UIOpacity } from './ui-opacity';
-import { js, cclegacy, replaceProperty } from '../../core';
+import { js, cclegacy, replaceProperty, markAsWarning } from '../../core';
+import { LabelShadow } from './label-shadow';
 
 /**
  * Alias of [[Mask]]
@@ -125,3 +126,29 @@ replaceProperty(MaskType, 'MaskType', [
         targetName: 'MaskType',
     },
 ]);
+
+markAsWarning(LabelOutline.prototype, 'LabelOutline.prototype', [
+    {
+        name: 'width',
+        suggest: 'Please use Label.prototype.outlineWidth instead.',
+    },
+    {
+        name: 'color',
+        suggest: 'Please use Label.prototype.outlineColor instead.',
+    },
+]);
+
+markAsWarning(LabelShadow.prototype, 'LabelShadow.prototype', [
+    {
+        name: 'color',
+        suggest: 'Please use Label.prototype.shadowColor instead.',
+    },
+    {
+        name: 'offset',
+        suggest: 'Please use Label.prototype.shadowOffset instead.',
+    },
+    {
+        name: 'blur',
+        suggest: 'Please use Label.prototype.shadowBlur instead.',
+    },
+]);
diff --git a/cocos/2d/components/label-outline.ts b/cocos/2d/components/label-outline.ts
index ba50ae80fa8..5f765d19fcf 100644
--- a/cocos/2d/components/label-outline.ts
+++ b/cocos/2d/components/label-outline.ts
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 
 import { ccclass, help, executionOrder, menu, tooltip, requireComponent, executeInEditMode, serializable } from 'cc.decorator';
 import { Component } from '../../scene-graph/component';
-import { Color, cclegacy } from '../../core';
+import { Color, assertIsTrue, cclegacy } from '../../core';
 import { Label } from './label';
 
 /**
@@ -35,15 +35,7 @@ import { Label } from './label';
  * @zh
  * 描边效果组件,用于字体描边,只能用于系统字体。
  *
- * @example
- * ```ts
- * import { Node, Label, LabelOutline } from 'cc';
- * // Create a new node and add label components.
- * const node = new Node("New Label");
- * const label = node.addComponent(Label);
- * const outline = node.addComponent(LabelOutline);
- * node.parent = this.node;
- * ```
+ * @deprecated since v3.8.2, please use [[Label.enableOutline]] instead.
  */
 @ccclass('cc.LabelOutline')
 @help('i18n:cc.LabelOutline')
@@ -52,11 +44,6 @@ import { Label } from './label';
 @requireComponent(Label)
 @executeInEditMode
 export class LabelOutline extends Component {
-    @serializable
-    protected _color = new Color(0, 0, 0, 255);
-    @serializable
-    protected _width = 2;
-
     /**
      * @en
      * Outline color.
@@ -64,25 +51,19 @@ export class LabelOutline extends Component {
      * @zh
      * 改变描边的颜色。
      *
-     * @example
-     * ```ts
-     * import { Color } from 'cc';
-     * outline.color = new Color(0.5, 0.3, 0.7, 1.0);
-     * ```
+     * @deprecated since v3.8.2, please use [[Label.outlineColor]] instead.
      */
     @tooltip('i18n:labelOutline.color')
-    // @constget
     get color (): Readonly<Color> {
-        return this._color;
+        const label = this.node.getComponent(Label);
+        assertIsTrue(label);
+        return label.outlineColor;
     }
 
     set color (value) {
-        if (this._color === value) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        this._color.set(value);
-        this._updateRenderData();
+        const label = this.node.getComponent(Label);
+        assertIsTrue(label);
+        label.outlineColor = value;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -92,38 +73,37 @@ export class LabelOutline extends Component {
      * @zh
      * 改变描边的宽度。
      *
-     * @example
-     * ```ts
-     * outline.width = 3;
-     * ```
+     * @deprecated since v3.8.2, please use [[Label.outlineWidth]] instead.
      */
     @tooltip('i18n:labelOutline.width')
     get width (): number {
-        return this._width;
+        const label = this.node.getComponent(Label);
+        assertIsTrue(label);
+        return label.outlineWidth;
     }
 
     set width (value) {
-        if (this._width === value) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        this._width = value;
-        this._updateRenderData();
+        const label = this.node.getComponent(Label);
+        assertIsTrue(label);
+        label.outlineWidth = value;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @deprecated since v3.8.2, please use [[Label.enableOutline]] instead.
+     */
     public onEnable (): void {
-        this._updateRenderData();
+        const label = this.node.getComponent(Label);
+        assertIsTrue(label);
+        label.enableOutline = true;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @deprecated since v3.8.2, please use [[Label.enableOutline]] instead.
+     */
     public onDisable (): void {
-        this._updateRenderData();
-    }
-
-    protected _updateRenderData (): void {
         const label = this.node.getComponent(Label);
-        if (label) {
-            label.updateRenderData(true);
-        }
+        assertIsTrue(label);
+        label.enableOutline = false;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/cocos/2d/components/label-shadow.ts b/cocos/2d/components/label-shadow.ts
index bab05719cbd..36e7685d0ff 100644
--- a/cocos/2d/components/label-shadow.ts
+++ b/cocos/2d/components/label-shadow.ts
@@ -25,19 +25,14 @@
 
 import { ccclass, help, executionOrder, menu, tooltip, requireComponent, executeInEditMode, serializable } from 'cc.decorator';
 import { Component } from '../../scene-graph/component';
-import { Color, Vec2 } from '../../core';
+import { Color, Vec2, assertIsTrue } from '../../core';
 import { Label } from './label';
 
 /**
  * @en Shadow effect for Label component, only for system fonts or TTF fonts.
  * @zh 用于给 Label 组件添加阴影效果，只能用于系统字体或 ttf 字体。
- * @example
- * import { Node, Label, LabelShadow } from 'cc';
- * // Create a new node and add label components.
- * const node = new Node("New Label");
- * const label = node.addComponent(Label);
- * const shadow = node.addComponent(LabelShadow);
- * node.parent = this.node;
+ *
+ * @deprecated since v3.8.2, please use [[Label.enableShadow]] instead.
  */
 @ccclass('cc.LabelShadow')
 @help('i18n:cc.LabelShadow')
@@ -46,13 +41,6 @@ import { Label } from './label';
 @requireComponent(Label)
 @executeInEditMode
 export class LabelShadow extends Component {
-    @serializable
-    protected _color = new Color(0, 0, 0, 255);
-    @serializable
-    protected _offset = new Vec2(2, 2);
-    @serializable
-    protected _blur = 2;
-
     /**
      * @en
      * Shadow color.
@@ -60,24 +48,19 @@ export class LabelShadow extends Component {
      * @zh
      * 阴影的颜色。
      *
-     * @example
-     * ```ts
-     * import { Color } from 'cc';
-     * labelShadow.color = new Color(0.5, 0.3, 0.7, 1.0);
-     * ```
+     * @deprecated since v3.8.2, please use [[Label.shadowColor]] instead.
      */
     @tooltip('i18n:labelShadow.color')
     get color (): Readonly<Color> {
-        return this._color;
+        const label = this.node.getComponent(Label);
+        assertIsTrue(label);
+        return label.shadowColor;
     }
 
     set color (value) {
-        if (this._color === value) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        this._color.set(value);
-        this._updateRenderData();
+        const label = this.node.getComponent(Label);
+        assertIsTrue(label);
+        label.shadowColor = value;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -87,20 +70,19 @@ export class LabelShadow extends Component {
      * @zh
      * 字体与阴影的偏移。
      *
-     * @example
-     * ```ts
-     * import { Vec2 } from 'cc';
-     * labelShadow.offset = new Vec2(2, 2);
-     * ```
+     * @deprecated since v3.8.2, please use [[Label.shadowOffset]] instead.
      */
     @tooltip('i18n:labelShadow.offset')
     get offset (): Vec2 {
-        return this._offset;
+        const label = this.node.getComponent(Label);
+        assertIsTrue(label);
+        return label.shadowOffset;
     }
 
     set offset (value) {
-        this._offset = value;
-        this._updateRenderData();
+        const label = this.node.getComponent(Label);
+        assertIsTrue(label);
+        label.shadowOffset = value;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -110,33 +92,36 @@ export class LabelShadow extends Component {
      * @zh
      * 阴影的模糊程度。
      *
-     * @example
-     * ```ts
-     * labelShadow.blur = 2;
-     * ```
+     * @deprecated since v3.8.2, please use [[Label.shadowBlur]] instead.
      */
     @tooltip('i18n:labelShadow.blur')
     get blur (): number {
-        return this._blur;
+        const label = this.node.getComponent(Label);
+        assertIsTrue(label);
+        return label.shadowBlur;
     }
 
     set blur (value) {
-        this._blur = value;
-        this._updateRenderData();
+        const label = this.node.getComponent(Label);
+        assertIsTrue(label);
+        label.shadowBlur = value;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @deprecated since v3.8.2, please use [[Label.enableShadow]] instead.
+     */
     public onEnable (): void {
-        this._updateRenderData();
+        const label = this.node.getComponent(Label);
+        assertIsTrue(label);
+        label.enableShadow = true;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @deprecated since v3.8.2, please use [[Label.enableShadow]] instead.
+     */
     public onDisable (): void {
-        this._updateRenderData();
-    }
-
-    protected _updateRenderData (): void {
         const label = this.node.getComponent(Label);
-        if (label) {
-            label.updateRenderData(true);
-        }
+        assertIsTrue(label);
+        label.enableShadow = false;
     }
 }
diff --git a/cocos/2d/components/label.ts b/cocos/2d/components/label.ts
index b22846c7875..37003194c46 100644
--- a/cocos/2d/components/label.ts
+++ b/cocos/2d/components/label.ts
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ import { BYTEDANCE, EDITOR, JSB } from 'internal:constants';
 import { minigame } from 'pal/minigame';
 import { BitmapFont, Font, SpriteFrame } from '../assets';
 import { ImageAsset, Texture2D } from '../../asset/assets';
-import { ccenum, cclegacy, Color } from '../../core';
+import { ccenum, cclegacy, Color, Vec2 } from '../../core';
 import { IBatcher } from '../renderer/i-batcher';
 import { FontAtlas } from '../assets/bitmap-font';
 import { CanvasPool, ISharedLabelData, LetterRenderTexture } from '../assembler/label/font-utils';
@@ -594,15 +594,152 @@ export class Label extends UIRenderer {
     @editable
     @displayOrder(18)
     @tooltip('i18n:label.underline_height')
-    public get underlineHeight (): number {
+    get underlineHeight (): number {
         return this._underlineHeight;
     }
-    public set underlineHeight (value) {
+    set underlineHeight (value) {
         if (this._underlineHeight === value) return;
         this._underlineHeight = value;
         this.markForUpdateRenderData();
     }
 
+    /**
+     ** @en
+     ** Outline effect used to change the display, only for system fonts or TTF fonts.
+     **
+     ** @zh
+     ** 描边效果组件,用于字体描边,只能用于系统字体或 ttf 字体。
+     **/
+    @editable
+    @visible(function (this: Label) { return !(this._font instanceof BitmapFont); })
+    @displayOrder(19)
+    @tooltip('i18n:label.outline_enable')
+    get enableOutline (): boolean {
+        return this._enableOutline;
+    }
+    set enableOutline (value) {
+        if (this._enableOutline === value) return;
+        this._enableOutline = value;
+        this.markForUpdateRenderData();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @en
+     * Outline color.
+     *
+     * @zh
+     * 改变描边的颜色。
+     */
+    @editable
+    @visible(function (this: Label) { return this._enableOutline && !(this._font instanceof BitmapFont); })
+    @displayOrder(20)
+    @tooltip('i18n:label.outline_color')
+    get outlineColor (): Color {
+        return this._outlineColor;
+    }
+    set outlineColor (value) {
+        if (this._outlineColor === value) return;
+        this._outlineColor.set(value);
+        this.markForUpdateRenderData();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @en
+     * Change the outline width.
+     *
+     * @zh
+     * 改变描边的宽度。
+     */
+    @editable
+    @visible(function (this: Label) { return this._enableOutline && !(this._font instanceof BitmapFont); })
+    @displayOrder(21)
+    @tooltip('i18n:label.outline_width')
+    get outlineWidth (): number {
+        return this._outlineWidth;
+    }
+    set outlineWidth (value) {
+        if (this._outlineWidth === value) return;
+        this._outlineWidth = value;
+        this.markForUpdateRenderData();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @en Shadow effect for Label component, only for system fonts or TTF fonts. Disabled when cache mode is char.
+     * @zh 用于给 Label 组件添加阴影效果，只能用于系统字体或 ttf 字体。在缓存模式为 char 时不可用。
+     */
+    @editable
+    @visible(function (this: Label) { return !(this._font instanceof BitmapFont) && (this.cacheMode !== CacheMode.CHAR); })
+    @displayOrder(22)
+    @tooltip('i18n:label.shadow_enable')
+    get enableShadow (): boolean {
+        return this._enableShadow;
+    }
+    set enableShadow (value) {
+        if (this._enableShadow === value) return;
+        this._enableShadow = value;
+        this.markForUpdateRenderData();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @en
+     * Shadow color.
+     *
+     * @zh
+     * 阴影的颜色。
+     */
+    @editable
+    @visible(function (this: Label) { return this._enableShadow && !(this._font instanceof BitmapFont) && (this.cacheMode !== CacheMode.CHAR); })
+    @displayOrder(23)
+    @tooltip('i18n:label.shadow_color')
+    get shadowColor (): Color {
+        return this._shadowColor;
+    }
+    set shadowColor (value) {
+        if (this._shadowColor === value) return;
+        this._shadowColor.set(value);
+        this.markForUpdateRenderData();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @en
+     * Offset between font and shadow.
+     *
+     * @zh
+     * 字体与阴影的偏移。
+     */
+    @editable
+    @visible(function (this: Label) { return this._enableShadow && !(this._font instanceof BitmapFont) && (this.cacheMode !== CacheMode.CHAR); })
+    @displayOrder(24)
+    @tooltip('i18n:label.shadow_offset')
+    get shadowOffset (): Vec2 {
+        return this._shadowOffset;
+    }
+    set shadowOffset (value) {
+        if (this._shadowOffset === value) return;
+        this._shadowOffset.set(value);
+        this.markForUpdateRenderData();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @en
+     * A non-negative float specifying the level of shadow blur.
+     *
+     * @zh
+     * 阴影的模糊程度。
+     */
+    @editable
+    @visible(function (this: Label) { return this._enableShadow && !(this._font instanceof BitmapFont) && (this.cacheMode !== CacheMode.CHAR); })
+    @displayOrder(25)
+    @tooltip('i18n:label.shadow_blur')
+    get shadowBlur (): number {
+        return this._shadowBlur;
+    }
+    set shadowBlur (value) {
+        if (this._shadowBlur === value) return;
+        this._shadowBlur = value;
+        this.markForUpdateRenderData();
+    }
+
     /**
      * @deprecated since v3.7.0, this is an engine private interface that will be removed in the future.
      */
@@ -705,6 +842,20 @@ export class Label extends UIRenderer {
     protected _underlineHeight = 2;
     @serializable
     protected _cacheMode = CacheMode.NONE;
+    @serializable
+    protected _enableOutline = false;
+    @serializable
+    protected _outlineColor = new Color(0, 0, 0, 255);
+    @serializable
+    protected _outlineWidth = 2;
+    @serializable
+    protected _enableShadow = false;
+    @serializable
+    protected _shadowColor = new Color(0, 0, 0, 255);
+    @serializable
+    protected _shadowOffset = new Vec2(2, 2);
+    @serializable
+    protected _shadowBlur = 2;
 
     // don't need serialize
     // 这个保存了旧项目的 file 数据
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/2d/Camera.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/2d/Camera.prefab.meta
index 2a9efe9d3ad..ad7cdf57623 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/2d/Camera.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/2d/Camera.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "3487d118-0158-4983-93fe-c3822790e7c5",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/2d/ui/Canvas.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/2d/ui/Canvas.prefab.meta
index 7a02f8602a3..f33a54cb75e 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/2d/ui/Canvas.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/2d/ui/Canvas.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "4c33600e-9ca9-483b-b734-946008261697",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Capsule.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Capsule.prefab.meta
index 2cdc8360ae1..76db4af8e75 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Capsule.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Capsule.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "73ce1f7f-d1f4-4942-ad93-66ca3b3041ab",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Cone.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Cone.prefab.meta
index caef62b443a..b34605a1e5a 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Cone.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Cone.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "6350d660-e888-4acf-a552-f3b719ae9110",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Cube.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Cube.prefab.meta
index 7a3b4277d85..0155ae18b60 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Cube.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Cube.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "30da77a1-f02d-4ede-aa56-403452ee7fde",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Cylinder.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Cylinder.prefab.meta
index de6fd2091f3..23303d97fc7 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Cylinder.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Cylinder.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
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diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Plane.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Plane.prefab.meta
index 762d5e1c3cb..28f5dda5f49 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Plane.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Plane.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
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   "uuid": "40563723-f8fc-4216-99ea-a81636435c10",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Quad.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Quad.prefab.meta
index 05f6a30a78f..8e16ec5e9e8 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Quad.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Quad.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
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diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Sphere.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Sphere.prefab.meta
index 379f0318d21..2226e2e1585 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Sphere.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Sphere.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
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diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Torus.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Torus.prefab.meta
index 1c916b0f66e..03be60e79be 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Torus.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/3d/Torus.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
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diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/Camera.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/Camera.prefab.meta
index 647ff9aef3a..92ea57a3a5a 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/Camera.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/Camera.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
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   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "bb0a6472-cd67-4afb-a031-94fca8f4cc92",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/Terrain.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/Terrain.prefab.meta
index 66b2240a22e..7b34955b2f4 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/Terrain.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/Terrain.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
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   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "90e8b0d4-12dc-412d-9156-ea1fdb18c15b",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/effects/Particle System.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/effects/Particle System.prefab.meta
index fc311329e1c..ac7961c5284 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/effects/Particle System.prefab.meta	
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/effects/Particle System.prefab.meta	
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "f09a0597-10e6-49e5-8759-a148b5e85395",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/light/Directional Light.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/light/Directional Light.prefab.meta
index 89d28c73bdc..b92f75d0535 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/light/Directional Light.prefab.meta	
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/light/Directional Light.prefab.meta	
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "a0e9756d-9128-4f49-8097-e041c8b733b8",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/light/Light Probe Group.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/light/Light Probe Group.prefab.meta
index 197281caacb..359cec2c3c4 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/light/Light Probe Group.prefab.meta	
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/light/Light Probe Group.prefab.meta	
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "50dfda40-7c45-4868-a876-2fe2a4c782f4",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/light/Point Light.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/light/Point Light.prefab.meta
index 598d473c0e3..7d1909c9a08 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/light/Point Light.prefab.meta	
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/light/Point Light.prefab.meta	
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "03029371-ee64-4f14-820a-d495ad7cdc29",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/light/Ranged Directional Light.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/light/Ranged Directional Light.prefab.meta
index 69df4adf90d..925508bc6e4 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/light/Ranged Directional Light.prefab.meta	
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/light/Ranged Directional Light.prefab.meta	
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "df72d0f6-49d3-452a-b082-8b23d38b33af",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/light/Reflection Probe.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/light/Reflection Probe.prefab.meta
index 0e0ab920114..c38fbdde580 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/light/Reflection Probe.prefab.meta	
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/light/Reflection Probe.prefab.meta	
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "d8b49b64-cfba-4cfa-be53-1e469547b28b",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/light/Sphere Light.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/light/Sphere Light.prefab.meta
index 1bebad0a135..77bee59cc15 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/light/Sphere Light.prefab.meta	
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/light/Sphere Light.prefab.meta	
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "4182ee46-ffa0-4de2-b66b-c93cc6c7e9b8",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/light/Spot Light.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/light/Spot Light.prefab.meta
index d60bc004f17..5a000536c5a 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/light/Spot Light.prefab.meta	
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/light/Spot Light.prefab.meta	
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
   "imported": true,
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diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Button.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Button.prefab.meta
index 22327fc1710..ad185655c69 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Button.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Button.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+  "ver": "1.1.49",
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   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "90bdd2a9-2838-4888-b66c-e94c8b7a5169",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Canvas.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Canvas.prefab.meta
index a398ec48963..7b7c6384ab0 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Canvas.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Canvas.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "f773db21-62b8-4540-956a-29bacf5ddbf5",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/EditBox.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/EditBox.prefab.meta
index d72c1f6fb58..7661b7f8c90 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/EditBox.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/EditBox.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "05e79121-8675-4551-9ad7-1b901a4025db",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Graphics.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Graphics.prefab.meta
index 7c692252572..7b4463acc28 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Graphics.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Graphics.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "c96e159e-43ea-4a16-8279-05bc39119d1a",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Label.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Label.prefab.meta
index 6a5eacbd453..881efa9de41 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Label.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Label.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "36008810-7ad3-47c0-8112-e30aee089e45",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Layout.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Layout.prefab.meta
index 01428016c51..5d691e90730 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Layout.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Layout.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "a9ef7dfc-ea8b-4cf8-918e-36da948c4de0",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Mask.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Mask.prefab.meta
index 377ec5e6f5a..3792c4b84bc 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Mask.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Mask.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "7fa63aed-f3e2-46a5-8a7c-c1a1adf6cea6",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/ParticleSystem2D.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/ParticleSystem2D.prefab.meta
index 7072bfdef2b..7fc1b6ea004 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/ParticleSystem2D.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/ParticleSystem2D.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "f396261e-3e06-41ec-bdd6-9a8b6d99026f",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/ProgressBar.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/ProgressBar.prefab.meta
index e73a3746162..8f13645d809 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/ProgressBar.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/ProgressBar.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "0d9353c4-6fb9-49bb-bc62-77f1750078c2",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/RichText.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/RichText.prefab.meta
index 262b90f4b93..73797af04e4 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/RichText.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/RichText.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "fc6bfcfa-8086-4326-809b-0ba1226bac7d",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/ScrollView.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/ScrollView.prefab.meta
index 98626d08d6f..92ae53d13fe 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/ScrollView.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/ScrollView.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "c1baa707-78d6-4b89-8d5d-0b7fdf0c39bc",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Slider.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Slider.prefab.meta
index 70669c12858..14586825920 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Slider.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Slider.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "2bd7e5b6-cd8c-41a1-8136-ddb8efbf6326",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Sprite.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Sprite.prefab.meta
index 26cd9988001..c0f94735dbb 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Sprite.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Sprite.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "9db8cd0b-cbe4-42e7-96a9-a239620c0a9d",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/SpriteRenderer.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/SpriteRenderer.prefab.meta
index a257d54f0a8..77bbcb0ab98 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/SpriteRenderer.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/SpriteRenderer.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "279ed042-5a65-4efe-9afb-2fc23c61e15a",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/SpriteSplash.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/SpriteSplash.prefab.meta
index cb3d5a47078..2727ee85ff7 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/SpriteSplash.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/SpriteSplash.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
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   "uuid": "e5f21aad-3a69-4011-ac62-b74352ac025e",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/TiledMap.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/TiledMap.prefab.meta
index 53301ade82b..3072ca81b17 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/TiledMap.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/TiledMap.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "3139fa4f-8c42-4ce6-98be-15e848d9734c",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Toggle.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Toggle.prefab.meta
index c05f65aa9f0..4aece91b233 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Toggle.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Toggle.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "0e89afe7-56de-4f99-96a1-cba8a75bedd2",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/ToggleContainer.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/ToggleContainer.prefab.meta
index e3affc6f159..9c6c100db85 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/ToggleContainer.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/ToggleContainer.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "2af73429-41d1-4346-9062-7798e42945dd",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/VideoPlayer.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/VideoPlayer.prefab.meta
index 24a28385ecc..fa11ee31a45 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/VideoPlayer.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/VideoPlayer.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
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   "uuid": "7e089eaf-fa97-40d7-8a20-741a152585df",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/WebView.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/WebView.prefab.meta
index 7ad242dfe02..2085c013dbb 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/WebView.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/WebView.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
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   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "9c541fa2-1dc8-4d8b-813a-aec89133f5b1",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Widget.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Widget.prefab.meta
index e1ed816df8a..68560828750 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Widget.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/Widget.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
   "imported": true,
   "uuid": "36ed4422-3542-4cc4-bf02-dc4bfc590836",
diff --git a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/pageView.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/pageView.prefab.meta
index 3c4e7e8d451..000fc2d496c 100644
--- a/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/pageView.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/default_prefab/ui/pageView.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
   "importer": "prefab",
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   "uuid": "20a5d8cb-ccad-4543-a937-fccd98c9f3de",
diff --git a/editor/assets/tools/debug-view-runtime-control.prefab.meta b/editor/assets/tools/debug-view-runtime-control.prefab.meta
index 34527f2712b..f9cb4c0b18f 100644
--- a/editor/assets/tools/debug-view-runtime-control.prefab.meta
+++ b/editor/assets/tools/debug-view-runtime-control.prefab.meta
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "ver": "1.1.48",
+  "ver": "1.1.49",
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diff --git a/editor/i18n/en/localization.js b/editor/i18n/en/localization.js
index 236afc74403..7c9e9098f80 100755
--- a/editor/i18n/en/localization.js
+++ b/editor/i18n/en/localization.js
@@ -408,6 +408,13 @@ module.exports = link(mixin({
         font_underline: 'Font underlined',
         spacing_x: 'The spacing between text characters, only available in BMFont',
         underline_height: 'The height of underline',
+        outline_enable: 'Whether outline is enabled',
+        outline_width: 'The width of outline',
+        outline_color: 'The color of outline',
+        shadow_enable: 'Whether shadow is enabled',
+        shadow_color: 'The color of shadow',
+        shadow_offset: 'Offset between font and shadow',
+        shadow_blur: 'A non-negative float specifying the level of shadow blur',
     },
     labelOutline: {
         color: 'Outline color',
diff --git a/editor/i18n/zh/localization.js b/editor/i18n/zh/localization.js
index 87c24c16973..63ad5d1e62d 100755
--- a/editor/i18n/zh/localization.js
+++ b/editor/i18n/zh/localization.js
@@ -397,6 +397,13 @@ module.exports = link(mixin({
         font_underline: '字体加下划线',
         spacing_x: '文本字符之间的间距。仅在使用 BMFont 位图字体时生效',
         underline_height: '下划线高度',
+        outline_enable: '是否启用描边',
+        outline_width: '描边宽度',
+        outline_color: '描边颜色',
+        shadow_enable: '是否启用阴影',
+        shadow_color: '阴影颜色',
+        shadow_offset: '阴影偏移量',
+        shadow_blur: '阴影模糊程度',
     },
     labelOutline: {
         color: '描边的颜色',
diff --git a/tests/ui/label.test.ts b/tests/ui/label.test.ts
index 3af77017c27..345760a6494 100644
--- a/tests/ui/label.test.ts
+++ b/tests/ui/label.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-import { Label } from "../../cocos/2d/components";
+import { Label, LabelOutline, LabelShadow } from "../../cocos/2d/components";
 import { Node } from "../../cocos/scene-graph/node";
+import { Color, Vec2 } from "../../exports/base";
 
 test('label.string.setter', () => {
     let node = new Node();
@@ -25,4 +26,50 @@ test('label.string.setter', () => {
     expect(label.string).toStrictEqual('1');
     label.string = 0;
     expect(label.string).toStrictEqual('0');
+});
+
+test('labelOutline.setter', () => {
+    let node = new Node();
+    node.addComponent(Label);
+    let label = node.getComponent(Label) as Label;
+
+    node.addComponent(LabelOutline);
+    let labelOutline = node.getComponent(LabelOutline) as LabelOutline;
+    node._setActiveInHierarchy(true);
+    labelOutline.onEnable();
+    expect(label.enableOutline).toStrictEqual(true);
+    labelOutline.color = new Color(255, 0, 0, 255);
+    expect(label.outlineColor).toStrictEqual(new Color(255, 0, 0, 255));
+    labelOutline.width = 2;
+    expect(label.outlineWidth).toStrictEqual(2);
+    labelOutline.enabled = false;
+    labelOutline.onDisable();
+    expect(label.enableOutline).toStrictEqual(false);
+    labelOutline.enabled = true;
+    labelOutline.onEnable();
+    expect(label.enableOutline).toStrictEqual(true);
+});
+
+test('labelShadow.setter', () => {
+    let node = new Node();
+    node.addComponent(Label);
+    let label = node.getComponent(Label) as Label;
+
+    node.addComponent(LabelShadow);
+    let labelShadow = node.getComponent(LabelShadow) as LabelShadow;
+    node._setActiveInHierarchy(true);
+    labelShadow.onEnable();
+    expect(label.enableShadow).toStrictEqual(true);
+    labelShadow.color = new Color(255, 0, 0, 255);
+    expect(label.shadowColor).toStrictEqual(new Color(255, 0, 0, 255));
+    labelShadow.offset = new Vec2(2, 2);
+    expect(label.shadowOffset).toStrictEqual(new Vec2(2, 2));
+    labelShadow.blur = 2;
+    expect(label.shadowBlur).toStrictEqual(2);
+    labelShadow.enabled = false;
+    labelShadow.onDisable();
+    expect(label.enableShadow).toStrictEqual(false);
+    labelShadow.enabled = true;
+    labelShadow.onEnable();
+    expect(label.enableShadow).toStrictEqual(true);
 });
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