Introduction to Intel® Neural Compressor

The Intel® Neural Compressor (former name Intel® Low Precision Optimization Tool) is an open-source Python library that delivers a unified low-precision inference interface across multiple Intel-optimized Deep Learning (DL) frameworks on both CPUs and GPUs. It supports automatic accuracy-driven tuning strategies, along with additional objectives such as optimizing for performance, model size, and memory footprint. It also provides easy extension capability for new backends, tuning strategies, metrics, and objectives.

Note

GPU support is under development.

Visit the Intel® Neural Compressor online document website at: https://intel.github.io/neural-compressor/.

Architecture

Intel® Neural Compressor features an infrastructure and workflow that aids in increasing performance and faster deployments across architectures.

Infrastructure

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Workflow

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Supported Frameworks

Supported Intel-optimized DL frameworks are:

• TensorFlow*, including 1.15.0 UP3, 1.15.0 UP2, 1.15.0 UP1, 2.1.0, 2.2.0, 2.3.0, 2.4.0, 2.5.0, Official TensorFlow 2.6.0

Note: Intel Optimized TensorFlow 2.5.0 requires to set environment variable TF_ENABLE_MKL_NATIVE_FORMAT=0 before running Intel® Neural Compressor quantization or deploying the quantized model.

Note: From Official TensorFlow 2.6.0, oneDNN support has been upstreamed. User just need download official TensorFlow binary for CPU device and set environment variable TF_ENABLE_ONEDNN_OPTS=1 before running Intel® Neural Compressor quantization or deploying the quantized model.

• PyTorch*, including 1.5.0+cpu, 1.6.0+cpu, 1.8.0+cpu
• Apache* MXNet, including 1.6.0, 1.7.0, 1.8.0
• ONNX* Runtime, including 1.6.0, 1.7.0, 1.8.0

Installation

Select the installation based on your operating system.

Linux Installation

You can install Intel® Neural Compressor using one of three options: Install just the Intel® Neural Compressor library from binary or source, or get the Intel-optimized framework together with the Intel® Neural Compressor library by installing the Intel® oneAPI AI Analytics Toolkit.

Option 1 Install from binary

# install stable version from pip
pip install lpot

# install nightly version from pip
pip install -i https://test.pypi.org/simple/ lpot

# install stable version from from conda
conda install lpot -c conda-forge -c intel 

Option 2 Install from source

git clone https://github.com/intel/neural-compressor.git
cd lpot
pip install -r requirements.txt
python setup.py install

Option 3 Install from AI Kit

The Intel® Neural Compressor library is released as part of the Intel® oneAPI AI Analytics Toolkit (AI Kit). The AI Kit provides a consolidated package of Intel's latest deep learning and machine optimizations all in one place for ease of development. Along with Intel® Neural Compressor, the AI Kit includes Intel-optimized versions of deep learning frameworks (such as TensorFlow and PyTorch) and high-performing Python libraries to streamline end-to-end data science and AI workflows on Intel architectures.

The AI Kit is distributed through many common channels, including from Intel's website, YUM, APT, Anaconda, and more. Select and download the AI Kit distribution package that's best suited for you and follow the Get Started Guide for post-installation instructions.

Download AI Kit	AI Kit Get Started Guide

Windows Installation

Prerequisites

The following prerequisites and requirements must be satisfied for a successful installation:

• Python version: 3.6 or 3.7 or 3.8 or 3.9

• Download and install anaconda.

• Create a virtual environment named lpot in anaconda:

  # Here we install python 3.7 for instance. You can also choose python 3.6, 3.8, or 3.9.
  conda create -n lpot python=3.7
  conda activate lpot

Installation options

Option 1 Install from binary

# install stable version from pip
pip install lpot

# install nightly version from pip
pip install -i https://test.pypi.org/simple/ lpot

# install from conda
conda install lpot -c conda-forge -c intel 

Option 2 Install from source

git clone https://github.com/intel/neural-compressor.git
cd lpot
pip install -r requirements.txt
python setup.py install

Documentation

Get Started

• APIs explains Intel® Neural Compressor's API.
• Transform introduces how to utilize Intel® Neural Compressor's built-in data processing and how to develop a custom data processing method.
• Dataset introduces how to utilize Intel® Neural Compressor's built-in dataset and how to develop a custom dataset.
• Metric introduces how to utilize Intel® Neural Compressor's built-in metrics and how to develop a custom metric.
• Tutorial provides comprehensive instructions on how to utilize Intel® Neural Compressor's features with examples.
• Examples are provided to demonstrate the usage of Intel® Neural Compressor in different frameworks: TensorFlow, PyTorch, MXNet, and ONNX Runtime.
• UX is a web-based system used to simplify Intel® Neural Compressor usage.
• Intel oneAPI AI Analytics Toolkit Get Started Guide explains the AI Kit components, installation and configuration guides, and instructions for building and running sample apps.
• AI and Analytics Samples includes code samples for Intel oneAPI libraries.

Deep Dive

• Quantization are processes that enable inference and training by performing computations at low-precision data types, such as fixed-point integers. Intel® Neural Compressor supports Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) with different quantization capabilities and Quantization-Aware Training (QAT). Note that (Dynamic Quantization) currently has limited support.
• Pruning provides a common method for introducing sparsity in weights and activations.
• Benchmarking introduces how to utilize the benchmark interface of Intel® Neural Compressor.
• Mixed precision introduces how to enable mixed precision, including BFP16 and int8 and FP32, on Intel platforms during tuning.
• Graph Optimization introduces how to enable graph optimization for FP32 and auto-mixed precision.
• Model Conversion introduces how to convert TensorFlow QAT model to quantized model running on Intel platforms.
• TensorBoard provides tensor histograms and execution graphs for tuning debugging purposes.

Advanced Topics

• Adaptor is the interface between Intel® Neural Compressor and framework. The method to develop adaptor extension is introduced with ONNX Runtime as example.
• Strategy can automatically optimized low-precision recipes for deep learning models to achieve optimal product objectives like inference performance and memory usage with expected accuracy criteria. The method to develop a new strategy is introduced.

Publications

• MLPerf™ Performance Gains Abound with latest 3rd Generation Intel® Xeon® Scalable Processors (Apr 2021)
• 3D Digital Face Reconstruction Solution enabled by 3rd Gen Intel® Xeon® Scalable Processors (Apr 2021)
• Accelerating Alibaba Transformer model performance with 3rd Gen Intel® Xeon® Scalable Processors (Ice Lake) and Intel® Deep Learning Boost (Apr 2021)
• Using Low-Precision Optimizations for High-Performance DL Inference Applications (Apr 2021)
• DL Boost Quantization with CERN's 3D-GANs model (Feb 2021)

Full publication list please refers to here

System Requirements

Intel® Neural Compressor supports systems based on Intel 64 architecture or compatible processors, specially optimized for the following CPUs:

• Intel Xeon Scalable processor (formerly Skylake, Cascade Lake, Cooper Lake, and Icelake)
• future Intel Xeon Scalable processor (code name Sapphire Rapids)

Intel® Neural Compressor requires installing the Intel-optimized framework version for the supported DL framework you use: TensorFlow, PyTorch, MXNet, or ONNX runtime.

Note: Intel Neural Compressor supports Intel-optimized and official frameworks for some TensorFlow versions. Refer to Supported Frameworks for specifics.

Validated Hardware/Software Environment

Platform	OS	Python	Framework	Version
Cascade Lake Cooper Lake Skylake Ice Lake	CentOS 8.3 Ubuntu 18.04	3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9	TensorFlow	2.6.0
				2.5.0
				2.4.0
				2.3.0
				2.2.0
				2.1.0
				1.15.0 UP1
				1.15.0 UP2
				1.15.0 UP3
				1.15.2
			PyTorch	1.5.0+cpu
				1.6.0+cpu
				1.8.0+cpu
				IPEX
			MXNet	1.8.0
				1.7.0
			1.6.0
			ONNX Runtime	1.6.0
				1.7.0
				1.8.0

Validated Models

Intel® Neural Compressor provides numerous examples to show promising accuracy loss with the best performance gain. A full quantized model list on various frameworks is available in the Model List.

Validated MLPerf Models

Model	Framework	Support	Example
ResNet50 v1.5	TensorFlow	Yes	Link
	PyTorch	Yes	Link
DLRM	PyTorch	Yes	Link
BERT-large	TensorFlow	Yes	Link
	PyTorch	Yes	Link
SSD-ResNet34	TensorFlow	WIP
	PyTorch	Yes	Link
RNN-T	PyTorch	WIP
3D-UNet	TensorFlow	WIP
	PyTorch	Yes	Link

Validated Quantized Models

Framework	Version	Model	Accuracy			Performance
			INT8 Tuning Accuracy	FP32 Accuracy Baseline	Acc Ratio [(INT8-FP32)/FP32]	INT8 realtime(ms) CLX8280 1s 4c per instance	FP32 realtime(ms) CLX8280 1s 4c per instance	Realtime Latency Ratio[FP32/INT8]
tensorflow	2.5.0	resnet50v1.0	74.24%	74.27%	-0.04%	7.64	21.54	2.82x
tensorflow	2.5.0	resnet50v1.5	76.94%	76.46%	0.63%	9.54	24.28	2.54x
tensorflow	2.5.0	resnet101	77.21%	76.45%	0.99%	12.92	30.65	2.37x
tensorflow	2.5.0	inception_v1	70.30%	69.74%	0.80%	5.58	10.13	1.82x
tensorflow	2.5.0	inception_v2	74.27%	73.97%	0.41%	6.78	12.42	1.83x
tensorflow	2.5.0	inception_v3	77.29%	76.75%	0.70%	12.90	27.74	2.15x
tensorflow	2.5.0	inception_v4	80.36%	80.27%	0.11%	21.00	54.42	2.59x
tensorflow	2.5.0	inception_resnet_v2	80.42%	80.40%	0.02%	44.72	87.62	1.96x
tensorflow	2.5.0	mobilenetv1	73.93%	70.96%	4.19%	2.96	9.88	3.34x
tensorflow	2.5.0	mobilenetv2	71.96%	71.76%	0.28%	4.95	10.71	2.16x
tensorflow	2.5.0	ssd_resnet50_v1	37.91%	38.00%	-0.24%	145.96	422.11	2.89x
tensorflow	2.5.0	ssd_mobilenet_v1	23.02%	23.13%	-0.48%	12.19	26.85	2.20x

Framework	Version	Model	Accuracy			Performance
			INT8 Tuning Accuracy	FP32 Accuracy Baseline	Acc Ratio [(INT8-FP32)/FP32]	INT8 realtime(ms) CLX8280 1s 4c per instance	FP32 realtime(ms) CLX8280 1s 4c per instance	Realtime Latency Ratio[FP32/INT8]
pytorch	1.9.0+cpu	resnet18	69.58%	69.76%	-0.26%	13.59	24.97	1.84x
pytorch	1.9.0+cpu	resnet50	75.87%	76.13%	-0.34%	25.67	54.12	2.11x
pytorch	1.9.0+cpu	resnext101_32x8d	79.09%	79.31%	-0.28%	62.44	147.88	2.37x
pytorch	1.9.0+cpu	bert_base_mrpc	88.16%	88.73%	-0.64%	41.33	81.93	1.98x
pytorch	1.9.0+cpu	bert_base_cola	58.29%	58.84%	-0.93%	39.30	86.58	2.20x
pytorch	1.9.0+cpu	bert_base_sts-b	88.65%	89.27%	-0.70%	39.46	86.97	2.20x
pytorch	1.9.0+cpu	bert_base_sst-2	91.63%	91.86%	-0.25%	39.12	82.59	2.11x
pytorch	1.9.0+cpu	bert_base_rte	69.31%	69.68%	-0.52%	39.81	81.98	2.06x
pytorch	1.9.0+cpu	bert_large_mrpc	87.48%	88.33%	-0.95%	112.61	287.44	2.55x
pytorch	1.9.0+cpu	bert_large_squad	92.79	93.05	-0.28%	497.79	953.74	1.92x
pytorch	1.9.0+cpu	bert_large_qnli	91.12%	91.82%	-0.76%	112.43	291.10	2.59x
pytorch	1.9.0+cpu	bert_large_rte	72.92%	72.56%	0.50%	148.60	287.03	1.93x
pytorch	1.9.0+cpu	bert_large_cola	62.85%	62.57%	0.45%	112.54	283.38	2.52x

Validated Pruning Models

Tasks	FWK	Model	fp32 baseline	gradient sensitivity with 20% sparsity			+onnx dynamic quantization on pruned model
				accuracy%	drop%	perf gain (sample/s)	accuracy%	drop%	perf gain (sample/s)
SST-2	pytorch	bert-base	accuracy = 92.32	accuracy = 91.97	-0.38	1.30x	accuracy = 92.20	-0.13	1.86x
QQP	pytorch	bert-base	[accuracy, f1] = [91.10, 88.05]	[accuracy, f1] = [89.97, 86.54]	[-1.24, -1.71]	1.32x	[accuracy, f1] = [89.75, 86.60]	[-1.48, -1.65]	1.81x

Tasks	FWK	Model	fp32 baseline	Pattern Lock on 70% Unstructured Sparsity		Pattern Lock on 50% 1:2 Structured Sparsity
				accuracy%	drop%	accuracy%	drop%
MNLI	pytorch	bert-base	[m, mm] = [84.57, 84.79]	[m, mm] = [82.45, 83.27]	[-2.51, -1.80]	[m, mm] = [83.20, 84.11]	[-1.62, -0.80]
SST-2	pytorch	bert-base	accuracy = 92.32	accuracy = 91.51	-0.88	accuracy = 92.20	-0.13
QQP	pytorch	bert-base	[accuracy, f1] = [91.10, 88.05]	[accuracy, f1] = [90.48, 87.06]	[-0.68, -1.12]	[accuracy, f1] = [90.92, 87.78]	[-0.20, -0.31]
QNLI	pytorch	bert-base	accuracy = 91.54	accuracy = 90.39	-1.26	accuracy = 90.87	-0.73
QnA	pytorch	bert-base	[em, f1] = [79.34, 87.10]	[em, f1] = [77.27, 85.75]	[-2.61, -1.54]	[em, f1] = [78.03, 86.50]	[-1.65, -0.69]

Framework	Model	fp32 baseline	Compression	dataset	acc(drop)%
Pytorch	resnet18	69.76	30% sparsity on magnitude	ImageNet	69.47(-0.42)
Pytorch	resnet18	69.76	30% sparsity on gradient sensitivity	ImageNet	68.85(-1.30)
Pytorch	resnet50	76.13	30% sparsity on magnitude	ImageNet	76.11(-0.03)
Pytorch	resnet50	76.13	30% sparsity on magnitude and post training quantization	ImageNet	76.01(-0.16)
Pytorch	resnet50	76.13	30% sparsity on magnitude and quantization aware training	ImageNet	75.90(-0.30)

Additional Content

• Release Information
• Contribution Guidelines
• Legal
• Security Policy
• Intel® Neural Compressor Website