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<p>CPU是电脑的大脑,负责处理所有数据。通过一台电脑的CPU,可以大致看出这台电脑的定位、用途。也只有挑了CPU,才能更好地挑主板、CPU散热器、内存等其他部件。</p>
<p>参考文章:<a href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI1MTIxODg5MA==&mid=2652639811&idx=1&sn=d8aabe341bdc1e74401d661f96c0b172&scene=19#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" rel="noopener">知老汤乎</a></p>
<p>转载请注明出处:<a href="https://dax309.club/learnPC-CPU.html">https://dax309.club/learnPC-CPU.html</a></p>
<h2 id="区别CPU及其性能"><a href="#区别CPU及其性能" class="headerlink" title="区别CPU及其性能"></a>区别CPU及其性能</h2><h3 id="核心数量"><a href="#核心数量" class="headerlink" title="核心数量"></a>核心数量</h3><p>核心(Core)又称为内核,是 CPU 最重要的组成部分,CPU 所有的计算,接受与存储命令,处理数据都由核心执行。</p>
<h3 id="主频"><a href="#主频" class="headerlink" title="主频"></a>主频</h3><p>主频即 CPU 内数字脉冲信号震荡的频率,单位是赫兹(Hz),主要用来表示CPU的运算速度。目前的CPU主频都在十亿(1000000000)赫兹以上,因此单位通常是 GHz。</p>
<a id="more"></a>
<h3 id="缓存"><a href="#缓存" class="headerlink" title="缓存"></a>缓存</h3><p>电脑把要处理的数据临时存储在内存中,再发送给CPU处理,然后返回到内存中准备呈现给用户。但内存发送的速度比CPU处理的速度慢,导致CPU处理完一批数据后没事儿干了。缓存的发送速度比内存快得多,可以让CPU“忙碌”起来。内存先把数据发送给缓存,缓存再发送给CPU,这时内存继续发送数据给缓存;CPU的数据处理完了,紧接着从缓存中调取数据继续处理,从而实现连续处理数据。缓存和内存一样,固然是越大越好。</p>
<h3 id="核心显卡"><a href="#核心显卡" class="headerlink" title="核心显卡"></a>核心显卡</h3><p>集成在CPU中的显卡,可用于处理图像信息。有关知识将在以后的文章中介绍。</p>
<h2 id="常见的-CPU-型号"><a href="#常见的-CPU-型号" class="headerlink" title="常见的 CPU 型号"></a>常见的 CPU 型号</h2><p>研发和制造 CPU 的厂商主要有两家;Intel 和 AMD。</p>
<h3 id="Intel"><a href="#Intel" class="headerlink" title="Intel"></a>Intel</h3><p>Intel公司的CPU有面向台式机和笔记本的赛扬、奔腾、至强和酷睿 i 系列,面向移动互联网设备(MID)的凌动,面向服务器和工作站的至强等多个品牌。<br>1.赛扬(Celeron)系列是Intel最低端的处理器,如Celeron G1840。<br>2.奔腾(Pentium)系列总体比赛扬强,但比酷睿弱,如Pentium G4500。<br>3。至强(Xeon)系列实际上不属于台式机处理器,而是服务器处理器,所以它是这里所介绍四个系列中唯一不配备核显的Intel处理器,按性能划分为E3、E5、E7,依次增强。<br>其中最为著名的Xeon E3 1231 V3,由于性能逼近Core i7而价格与Core i5相近,而且可以直接安装在LAG 1150的主板上,不少追求性价比的DIY达人都纷纷抛弃i7而选择E3处理器。Intel也发现大家喜欢钻这个空子,所以故意让新推出的至强处理器只能搭配C232芯片组的主板,而不能安装在酷睿的100系主板上了。(不过上有对策下有政策,华硕和微星已经推出了可以兼容新至强处理器的主板啦!)<br>4.酷睿(Core)系列想必大家已经很熟悉了,分为i3、i5、i7三个级别,性能依次增强。<br>酷睿系列型号各部分说明,如Core i7-6700K。<br>Core:酷睿系列处理器;<br>i7:i7级别;<br>4:第四代处理器,即Haswell;<br>770:可简单理解为性能编号,在处理器代数相同的情况下,号码越大性能越强。<br>K:不锁倍频,即可以进行超频。如果没有“K”,表示不可以超频。<br>另外,笔记本CPU往往带有HQ、U、M、Y等编号:<br>HQ:表示锁倍频的笔记本CPU,不可超频。<br>U:表示超低功耗版的笔记本CPU,目的是减少CPU耗电延长续航,当然,要在性能上打折扣。<br>Y:极低功耗版笔记本CPU,比U还省电。但已不生产,原因是工艺的改进使U系列的功耗已经足够低了。<br>M:指笔记本CPU。新的CPU已改为用“H”表示。<br>由此就可以根据CPU名称判断其性能如何啦!比如Core i7 6700K,是第六代酷睿i7不锁倍频版的处理器,700是i7-6XXX中数字最大的,性能最强。</p>
<h3 id="AMD"><a href="#AMD" class="headerlink" title="AMD"></a>AMD</h3><p>常见的、能轻易买到的AMD处理器又可分为三个系列:FX系列、速龙(Athlon)系列、A系列。</p>
<p>1.FX系列是AMD的旗舰级多核心处理器系列,没有集成核心显卡,需要另外搭配独立显卡。如AMD FX-8350。FX-8350拥有八个核心,也就是大家很喜欢念叨的八核。但不少人会觉得八核心太水了,原因在于很多软件并没有对多核心处理器进行优化,也就是说软件在使用的时候没有调用全部核心(毕竟主流的Intel处理器通常只有2~4个核心,谁吃饱了会去帮AMD优化。),八核往往也难以一起发挥作用。但像Adobe CC系列等对多核心处理器做了优化的软件可以开动CPU的多个,甚至所有核心,从而提高性能。<br>2.速龙(Athlon)系列是AMD的入门级多核心处理器,也没有集成核心显卡。如AMD Athlon X4 870K。过去,四核处理器还未风行时,速龙往往被誉为低价神器,当时的速龙是看似二核实为原生四核的处理器,原因是处理器出厂时因成本问题会屏蔽两个核心,用户买来后可以进行开核瞬间变身为四核心处理器。现在的速龙处理器基本已经不需要这么麻烦了,但却因性能不足没人买单。<br>3.A系列是AMD最为骄傲的系列,原因是A系列CPU集成了核心显卡,我们往往称之为APU以示区别。如A10-7870K。APU最大的特点就是集成了媲美独显的核心显卡。7870K的核心显卡性能堪比R7 240,别的不说,玩LOL是足够了。旗下又分四个级别:A4、A6、A8、A10,性能依次增强。</p>
<h2 id="选购"><a href="#选购" class="headerlink" title="选购"></a>选购</h2><p>我个人简单把广大消费者的需求分为三类:<br>1.文书工作,家庭影音,网上冲浪:AMD A8、Intel Pentium、Intel Celeron、AMD Athlon(按个人推荐顺序排列)<br>AMD A8拥有最强大的核显,首推。而AMD Athlon不配备核显,这一层的消费者往往也不需要中高端独显,另外购买低端独显显得有点累赘,除非预算很低,否则不推荐。</p>
<p>2.网络游戏,低端单机,各类初级编程、图形处理软件:Intel Core i3、AMD A10、AMD FX<br>平时打打撸,用Core i3的核显足矣,更不用说AMD A10的核显。性能方面Core i3与AMD A10难分伯仲,但前者在功耗、发热和优化上更占优势,故首推前者。AMD FX则可以更自由地选择独显,但私以为核显平台对于这层用户更重要。<br>如果喜欢玩剑灵这类要求较高的网游,则应该选择i3或A10,然后搭配一张独立显卡了。<br>高端单机,各类高级编程、图形处理软件,跑分狂人DIY发烧友土豪:Intel Core i7、Intel Xeon E3、Intel Core i5<br>很多人小看了i5的性能,其实就高端单机而言,i5足矣,在预算有限的情况下,显卡和SSD对高端单机的体验影响更大。当然,编程、图形处理等软件没哪个人用着嫌处理速度太快的,尤其是那些预算无限的人,还是选择前两者吧。<br>i7和E3间的争论喋喋不休,而两者间的区别在上面已解释过了,不差钱为什么不用i7呢对吧?<br>具体型号的选择,基本可以按照数字越大越好的规律进行,当然,架构是否最新、倍频是否解锁、主频高低、缓存大小、核显等因素也要综合考虑。i7-6700K与i7-6700仅一“K”之差,主频却相差了0.6GHz之多,Intel头上一个大写的坑字</p>
<p>3.如果预算不够最新一代的CPU咋办?优先考虑买同一代,性能稍低的型号。如买不起i5-4690可以选择i5-4590。<br>实在不行,也可以退一步买上一代的产品。例如没钱买Core i7-6700K可以买Core i7-4770K。</p>
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<div class="post-toc-content"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#区别CPU及其性能"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">区别CPU及其性能</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#核心数量"><span class="nav-number">1.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">核心数量</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#主频"><span class="nav-number">1.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">主频</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#缓存"><span class="nav-number">1.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">缓存</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#核心显卡"><span class="nav-number">1.4.</span> <span class="nav-text">核心显卡</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#常见的-CPU-型号"><span class="nav-number">2.</span> <span class="nav-text">常见的 CPU 型号</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#Intel"><span class="nav-number">2.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">Intel</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#AMD"><span class="nav-number">2.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">AMD</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#选购"><span class="nav-number">3.</span> <span class="nav-text">选购</span></a></li></ol></div>
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