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ORDERS
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The actual order form follows the descriptions of media contents.
Most of this file is excerpted from the draft of the June 1995 GNU's Bulletin.
The Order Form itself is accurate, but the information in the other articles
is not completely updated. You can ask [email protected] for the complete
June, 1995 Order From to get up-to-date information.
Please send suggestions for improvements to [email protected] or the postal
address at the end of the order form. Thank You.
---------------------------------------------------------------------
FSF Order Form with Descriptions preliminary, June 1995
Free Software Foundation, Inc. Telephone: +1-617-542-5942
59 Temple Place - Suite 330 Fax: (including Japan) +1-617-542-2652
Boston, MA 02111-1307 Free Dial Fax (in Japan):
USA 0031-13-2473 (KDD)
Electronic mail: `[email protected]' 0066-3382-0158 (IDC)
There are some sections (e.g. ``Forthcoming GNUs'' and ``How to Get GNU
Software'') which are not in this Order Form file. If you wish to see them,
ask [email protected] for the complete June, 1995 GNU's Bulletin.
Table of Contents
-----------------
Donations Translate Into Free Software
Cygnus Matches Donations!
Free Software Redistributors Donate
Help from Free Software Companies
(not included) Major Changes in GNU Software and Documentation (not
included as it was not done when this file was assembled).
GNU Documentation
GNU Software (not completely up to date)
Program/Package Cross Reference (not completely up to date)
Tapes
Languages Tape (version numbers not completely up to date)
Lisps and Emacs Tape (version numbers not completely up to date)
Utilities Tape (version numbers not completely up to date)
Scheme Tape
X11 Tapes
Berkeley 4.4BSD-Lite Tape
VMS Emacs and VMS Compiler Tapes
CD-ROMs
Pricing of the GNU CD-ROMs
MS-DOS CD-ROM
Debian GNU/Linux CD-ROM
Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM
Source Code CD-ROMs
June 1995 Source Code CD-ROM (version numbers not completely up
to date)
May 1994 Source Code CD-ROM
November 1993 Source Code CD-ROM
MS-DOS Diskettes
DJGPP Diskettes (version numbers not completely up to date)
Emacs Diskettes (version numbers not completely up to date)
Selected Utilities Diskettes (not completely up to date)
Windows Diskette
Tape & CD-ROM Subscription Service
The Deluxe Distribution
FSF T-shirt
Free Software Foundation Order Form
Donations Translate Into Free Software
**************************************
If you appreciate Emacs, GNU CC, Ghostscript, and other free software, you
may wish to help us make sure there is more in the future--remember,
*donations translate into more free software!*
Your donation to us is tax-deductible in the United States. We gladly accept
*any* currency, although the U.S. dollar is the most convenient.
m{No Value For "ergegrafkludge"} If your employer has a matching gifts
program for charitable donations, please arrange to: add the FSF to the list
of organizations for your employer's matching gifts program; and have your
donation matched (note *Note Cygnus Matches Donations!::), if you do not
know, please ask your personnel department. Circle amount you are donating,
cut out this form, and send it with your donation to:
Free Software Foundation
59 Temple Place -- Suite 330
Boston, MA 02111-1307
USA
$500 $250 $100 $50 other $________
Other currency:________
You can charge a donation to any of Carte Blanche, Diner's Club, JCB,
Mastercard, Visa, or American Express. Charges may also be faxed to
+1-617-492-9057. Individuals in Japan who are unable to place international
calls may use the "free dial" numbers: 0031-13-2473 (KDD) and
0066-3382-0158 (IDC).
Card type: __________________ Expiration Date: _____________
Account Number: _____________________________________________
Cardholder's Signature: _____________________________________
Name: _______________________________________________________
Street Address: _____________________________________________
City/State/Province: ________________________________________
Zip Code/Postal Code/Country: _______________________________
Cygnus Matches Donations!
*************************
To encourage cash donations to the Free Software Foundation, Cygnus Support
will continue to contribute corporate funds to FSF to accompany gifts by its
employees, and by its customers and their employees.
Donations payable to the Free Software Foundation should be sent by eligible
persons to Cygnus Support, which will add its gifts and forward the total to
the FSF each quarter. The FSF will provide the contributor with a receipt to
recognize the contribution (which is tax-deductible on U.S. tax returns).
For more information, please contact Cygnus:
Cygnus Support
1937 Landings Drive
Mountain View, CA 94043
USA
Telephone: 415-903-1400
+1-800-Cygnus1 (-294-6871)
Fax: 415-903-0122
Electronic-Mail: `[email protected]'
FTP: `ftp.cygnus.com'
WWW: `http://www.cygnus.com/'
Free Software Redistributors Donate
***********************************
by Richard Stallman
The Sun Users Group Deutschland and ASCII Corporation (Japan) have added
donations to the FSF to the price of their next CD-ROM of GNU software.
Potential purchasers will know precisely how much of the price is for the FSF
and how much is for the redistributor.
Austin Code Works, a redistributor of free software, is supporting free
software development by giving the FSF 20% of the selling price for the GNU
software packages they produce and sell. The producers of the SNOW 2.1 CD
added the words "Includes $5 donation to the FSF" to the front of their CD.
Walnut Creek CDROM and Info Magic, two more free software redistributors, are
also giving us a percentage of their selling price. CQ Publishing made a
large donation from the sales of their book about GAWK in Japanese.
In the long run, the success of free software depends on how much new free
software people develop. Free software distribution offers an opportunity to
raise funds for such development in an ethical way. These redistributors
have made use of the opportunity. Many others let it go to waste.
You can help promote free software development by convincing for-a-fee
redistributors to contribute--either by doing development themselves, or by
donating to development organizations (the FSF and others).
The way to convince distributors to contribute is to demand and expect this
of them. This means choosing among distributors partly by how much they give
to free software development. Then you can show distributors they must
compete to be the one who gives the most.
To make this work, you must insist on numbers that you can compare, such as,
"We will give ten dollars to the Foobar project for each disk sold." A vague
commitment, such as "A portion of the profits is donated," doesn't give you a
basis for comparison. Even a precise fraction "of the profits from this
disk" is not very meaningful, since creative accounting and unrelated
business decisions can greatly alter what fraction of the sales price counts
as profit.
Also, press developers for firm information about what kind of development
they do or support. Some kinds make much more long-term difference than
others. For example, maintaining a separate version of a GNU program
contributes very little; maintaining a program on behalf of the GNU Project
contributes much. Easy new ports contribute little, since someone else would
surely do them; difficult ports such as adding a new CPU to the GNU compiler
contribute more; major new features and programs contribute the most.
By establishing the idea that supporting further development is "the proper
thing to do" when distributing free software for a fee, we can assure a
steady flow of resources for making more free software.
Help from Free Software Companies
*********************************
When choosing a free software business, ask those you are considering how
much they do to assist free software development, e.g., by contributing money
to free software development or by writing free software improvements
themselves for general use. By basing your decision partially on this
factor, you can help encourage those who profit from free software to
contribute to its growth.
These free software support companies regularly donate a part of their income
to the Free Software Foundation to support the development of new GNU
programs. Listing them here is our way of thanking them. Wingnut has made a
pledge to donate 10% of their income to the FSF, and has also purchased
several Deluxe Distribution packages in Japan. (Wingnut is SRA's special GNU
support group). Also see *Note Cygnus Matches Donations!::.
Wingnut Project
Software Research Associates, Inc.
1-1-1 Hirakawa-cho, Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo 102, Japan
Phone: (+81-3)3234-2611
Fax: (+81-3)3942-5174
E-mail: `[email protected]'
GNU Documentation
*****************
GNU is dedicated to having quality, easy-to-use online and printed
documentation. GNU manuals are intended to explain underlying concepts,
describe how to use all the features of each program, and give examples of
command use. GNU manuals are distributed as Texinfo source files, which
yield both typeset hardcopy via the TeX document formatting system, and online
hypertext display via the menu-driven Info system. Source for these manuals
comes with our software; here we list the manuals that we publish as printed
books as well; see the *note Free Software Foundation Order Form::..
Most GNU manuals are bound as soft cover books with "lay-flat" bindings.
This allows you to open them so they lie flat on a table without creasing the
binding. These books have an inner cloth spine and an outer cardboard cover
that will not break or crease as an ordinary paperback will. Currently, the
`GDB', `Emacs', `Emacs Lisp Reference', `GAWK', `Make', `Bison', and `Texinfo'
manuals have this binding. The other GNU manuals also lie flat when opened,
using a GBC or Wire-O binding. All of our manuals are 7in by 9.25in except
the 8.5in by 11in `Calc' manual.
The edition number of the manual and version number of the program listed
after each manual's name were current at the time this Bulletin was published.
`Debugging with GDB' (Edition 4.12 for Version 4.14) tells how to use the GNU
Debugger, run your program under debugger control, examine and alter data,
modify a program's flow of control, and use GDB through GNU Emacs.
The `Emacs Manual' (11th Edition for Version 19.29) describes editing with
GNU Emacs. It explains advanced features, including outline mode and regular
expression search; how to use special modes for programming in languages like
C++ and TeX; how to use the `tags' utility; how to compile and correct code;
how to make your own keybindings; and other elementary customizations.
`Programming in Emacs Lisp, An Introduction' (Edition 1.03 for Version 19.29)
is an elementary introduction to programming in Emacs Lisp. It is written
for people who are not necessarily interested in programming, but who do want
to customize or extend their computing environment. It tells how to write
programs that find files; switchbuffers; use searches, conditionals, loops,
and recursion; how to write Emacs initialization files; and how to run the
Emacs Lisp debuggers. If you read the text in GNU Emacs under Info mode, you
can run the sample programs directly.
The `GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual' (Edition 2.4 for Version 19.29) covers
this programming language in depth, including data types, control structures,
functions, macros, syntax tables, searching/matching, modes, windows,
keymaps, byte compilation, and the operating system interface.
The `GAWK Manual' (Edition 0.16 for Version 2.16) tells how to use the GNU
implementation of `awk'. It is written for those who have never used `awk'
and describes the features of this powerful string and record manipulation
language.
The `Make Manual' (Edition 0.46 for Version 3.72) describes GNU `make', a
program used to rebuild parts of other programs. The manual tells how to
write "makefiles", which specify how a program is to be compiled and how its
files depend on each other. Included are an introductory chapter for novice
users and a section about automatically generated dependencies.
The `Flex Manual' (Edition 1.03 for Version 2.3.7) teaches you to write a
lexical scanner definition for the `flex' program to create a C++ or C-coded
scanner that recognizes the patterns defined. You need no prior knowledge of
scanners.
The `Bison Manual' (December 1993 Edition for Version 1.23) teaches you how
to write context-free grammars for the Bison program that convert into
C-coded parsers. You need no prior knowledge of parser generators.
`Using and Porting GNU CC' (September 1994 Edition for Version 2.6) tells how
to run, install, and port the GNU C Compiler to new systems. It lists new
features and incompatibilities of GCC, but people not familiar with C will
still need a good reference on the C programming language. It also covers
G++.
The `Texinfo Manual' (Edition 2.20 for Version 3) explains the markup
language used to generate both the online Info documentation and typeset
hardcopies. It tells you how to make tables, lists, chapters, nodes,
indexes, cross references, how to use Texinfo mode in GNU Emacs, and how to
catch mistakes. This second edition describes over 50 new commands.
The `Termcap Manual' (2nd Edition for Version 1.2), often described as "twice
as much as you ever wanted to know about termcap," details the format of the
termcap database, the definitions of terminal capabilities, and the process
of interrogating a terminal description. This manual is primarily for
programmers.
The `C Library Reference Manual' (Edition 0.06 for Version 1.09) describes
most of the facilities of the GNU C library, including both what Unix calls
"library functions" and "system calls." We are doing limited copier runs of
this manual until it becomes more stable. Please send corrections and
improvements to `[email protected]'.
The `Emacs Calc Manual' (Edition 2.02 for Version 2.02) is both a tutorial
and a reference manual. It tells how to do ordinary arithmetic, how to use
Calc for algebra, calculus, and other forms of mathematics, and how to extend
Calc.
GNU Software - (NOT COMPLETELY UP TO DATE)
************
All our software is available via FTP; see *Note How to Get GNU Software::.
In addition, we offer software on various media and printed documentation:
* *Note CD-ROMs::.
* *Note Tapes::.
* *Note MS-DOS Diskettes::.
* *Note Documentation::, which includes manuals and reference cards.
We welcome all bug reports sent to the appropriate electronic mailing list
(*note Free Software Support::.).
In the articles describing the contents of each medium, the version number
listed after each program name was current when we published this Bulletin.
When you order a distribution tape, diskette or newer CD-ROM, some of the
programs may be newer, and therefore the version number higher.
Key to cross reference:
BinCD
Binaries CD-ROM
DjgppD
Djgpp Diskettes
DosCD
MS-DOS CD-ROM
EmcsD
Emacs Diskettes
LspEmcT
Lisps/Emacs Tape
LangT
Languages Tape
LiteT
4.4BSD-Lite Tape
SchmT
Scheme Tape
SrcCD
Source CD-ROM
UtilD
Selected Utilities Diskettes
UtilT
Utilities Tape
VMSCompT
VMS Compiler Tape
VMSEmcsT
VMS Emacs Tape
WdwsD
Windows Diskette
X11OptT
X11 Optional Tape
X11ReqT
X11 Required Tape
Configuring GNU Software:
We are using a uniform scheme for configuring GNU software packages in order
to compile them. It uses the `Autoconf' program (see item below). The goal
is to have all GNU software support the same alternatives for naming machine
and system types. When the GNU system is complete it will be possible to
configure and build the entire system at once, eliminating the need to
separately configure each individual package. The configuration scheme lets
you specify both the host and target system to build cross-compilation tools.
GNU software currently available:
(For new features and coming programs, see *Note Forthcoming GNUs::.)
* `acm' (SrcCD, UtilT)
`acm' is a LAN-oriented, multiplayer aerial combat simulation that runs
under the X Window System. Players engage in air to air combat against
one another using heat seeking missiles and cannons. We are working on
more accurate simulation of real airplane flight characteristics.
* Autoconf (SrcCD, UtilT)
Autoconf produces shell scripts which automatically configure source code
packages. These scripts adapt the packages to many kinds of Unix-like
systems without manual user intervention. Autoconf creates a script for
a package from a template file which lists the operating system features
which the package can use, in the form of `m4' macro calls. Autoconf
requires GNU `m4' to operate, but the resulting configure scripts it
generates do not.
Most GNU programs now use Autoconf-generated configure scripts.
* BASH (SrcCD, UtilT)
The GNU shell, BASH (Bourne Again SHell), is compatible with the Unix
`sh' and offers many extensions found in `csh' and `ksh'. BASH has job
control, `csh'-style command history, and command-line editing (with
Emacs and `vi' modes built-in, and the ability to rebind keys) via the
readline library. BASH conforms to the POSIX 1003.2 shell specification.
* `bc' (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilT)
`bc' is an interactive algebraic language with arbitrary precision
numbers. GNU `bc' follows the POSIX.2-1992 standard, with several
extensions including multi-character variable names, an `else'
statement, and full Boolean expressions. The RPN calculator `dc' is now
distributed as part of the same package, but GNU `bc' is not implemented
as a `dc' preprocessor.
* BFD (BinCD, DjggpD, DosCD, LangT, SrcCD)
The Binary File Descriptor library allows a program which operates on
object files (e.g., `ld' or GDB) to support many different formats in a
clean way. BFD provides a portable interface, so that only BFD needs to
know the details of a particular format. One result is that all
programs using BFD will support formats such as a.out, COFF, and ELF.
BFD comes with source for Texinfo documentation (not yet published on
paper). Presently BFD is not distributed separately; it is included
with packages that use it.
* Binutils (BinCD, DjgppD, DosCD, LangT, SrcCD)
Binutils includes the programs: `ar', `c++filt', `demangle', `gas',
`gprof', `ld', `nlmconv', `nm', `objcopy', `objdump', `ranlib', `size',
`strings', and `strip'.
Binutils Version 2 uses the BFD library. The GNU linker `ld' emits
source-line numbered error messages for multiply-defined symbols and
undefined references. It interprets a superset of the AT&T Linker
Command Language, which gives general control over where segments are
placed in memory. `nlmconv' converts object files into Novell NetWare
Loadable Modules. `objdump' can disassemble code for a29k, ALPHA,
H8/300, H8/500, HP-PA, i386, i960, m68k, m88k, MIPS, SH, SPARC, & Z8000
processors, and can display other data (e.g., symbols & relocations)
from any file format understood by BFD.
* Bison (BinCD, DjgppD, DosCD, LangT, SrcCD, VMSCompT)
Bison is an upwardly compatible replacement for the parser generator
`yacc'. Texinfo source for the `Bison Manual' and reference card are
included. *Note Documentation::.
We recently decided to change the policy for using the parsers that
Bison generates. It is now permitted to use Bison-generated parsers in
non-free programs. *Note GNUs Flashes::.
* GNU C Library (BinCD, LangT, SrcCD)
The GNU C library supports ANSI C-1989, POSIX 1003.1-1990 and most of the
functions in POSIX 1003.2-1992. It is upwardly compatible with 4.4BSD
and includes many System V functions, plus GNU extensions.
The C Library will perform many functions of the Unix system calls in
the Hurd. Mike Haertel has written a fast `malloc' which wastes less
memory than the old GNU version. The GNU regular-expression functions
(`regex' and `rx') now nearly conform to the POSIX 1003.2 standard.
GNU `stdio' lets you define new kinds of streams, just by writing a few
C functions. The `fmemopen' function uses this to open a stream on a
string, which can grow as necessary. You can define your own `printf'
formats to use a C function you have written. For example, you can
safely use format strings from user input to implement a `printf'-like
function for another programming language. Extended `getopt' functions
are already used to parse options, including long options, in many GNU
utilities.
The C Library runs on Sun-3 (SunOS 4.1), Sun-4 (SunOS 4.1 or Solaris 2),
HP 9000/300 (4.3BSD), SONY News 800 (NewsOS 3 or 4), MIPS DECstation
(Ultrix 4), DEC Alpha (OSF/1), i386/i486 (System V, SVR4, BSD, SCO 3.2 &
SCO ODT 2.0), Sequent Symmetry i386 (Dynix 3) & SGI (Irix 4). Texinfo
source for the `GNU C Library Reference Manual' is included (*note
Documentation::.); the manual is now being updated.
* GNU C++ Library (BinCD, DjgppD, DosCD, LangT, SrcCD)
The GNU C++ library (libg++) contains an extensive collection of C++
`forest' classes, an IOStream library for input/output routines, and
support tools for use with G++. Supported classes include: Obstacks,
multiple-precision Integers and Rationals, Complex numbers, arbitrary
length Strings, BitSets and BitStrings. Version 2.6.2 includes the
initial release of the libstdc++ library. This implements library
facilities defined by the forthcoming ANSI/ISO C++ standard, including
the Standard Template Library.
* Calc (LspEmcT, SrcCD)
Calc (written by Dave Gillespie in Emacs Lisp) is an extensible, advanced
desk calculator & mathematical tool that runs as part of GNU Emacs. You
can use Calc just as a simple four-function calculator, but it has many
more features including: choice of algebraic or RPN (stack-based) entry;
logarithmic, trigonometric & financial functions; arbitrary precision;
complex numbers; vectors; matrices; dates; times; infinities; sets;
algebraic simplification; differentiation & integration. It outputs to
`gnuplot' & comes with source for a reference card & a Manual. *Note
Documentation::.
* GNU Chess (SrcCD, UtilT, WdwsD)
GNU Chess lets the computer play a full game of chess with you. It runs
on most platforms & has dumb terminal, "curses" & X terminal interfaces.
The X terminal interface is based on the `xboard' program.
m{No Value For "ergegrafkludge"} GNU Chess implements many specialized
features including the null move heuristic, a hash table with aging, the
history heuristic (another form of the earlier killer heuristic),
caching of static evaluations, & a database which lets it play the first
several moves of the game quickly. Recent improvements include better
heuristics, faster evaluation, thinking on opponent's time, a perfect
King and Pawn vs King endgame routine, Swedish & German language
support, support for more book formats, a rudimentary Bobby Fischer
clock, & bug fixes. It is primarily supported by Stuart Cracraft, Chua
Kong Sian, & Tim Mann on behalf of the FSF.
* CLISP (LspEmcT, SrcCD)
CLISP is a Common Lisp implementation by Bruno Haible and Michael Stoll.
It mostly supports the Lisp described by `Common LISP: The Language (2nd
edition)' and the ANSI Common Lisp standard. CLISP includes an
interpreter, a byte-compiler, a large subset of CLOS, a foreign language
interface and, for some machines, a screen editor. The user interface
language (English, German, French) is chooseable at run time. Major
packages that run in CLISP include CLX & Garnet. CLISP needs only 2 MB
of memory & runs on many microcomputers (including MS-DOS systems, OS/2,
the Atari ST, Amiga 500-4000, Acorn RISC PC) & Unix-like systems
(GNU/Linux, Sun4, SVR4, SGI, HP-UX, DEC Alpha, NeXTstep & others).
* GNU Common Lisp (LspEmcT, SrcCD)
GNU Common Lisp (GCL) has a compiler and interpreter for Common Lisp. It
used to be known as Kyoto Common Lisp. It is very portable and extremely
efficient on a wide class of applications. It compares favorably in
performance with commercial Lisps on several large theorem-prover and
symbolic algebra systems. It supports the CLtL1 specification but is
moving towards the proposed ANSI definition. GCL compiles to C and
then uses the native optimizing C compilers (e.g., GCC). A function
with a fixed number of args and one value turns into a C function of the
same number of args, returning one value, so GCL is maximally efficient
on such calls. It has a conservative garbage collector which allows
great freedom for the C compiler to put Lisp values in arbitrary
registers. It has a source level Lisp debugger for interpreted code,
with display of source code in an Emacs window. Ita profiling tools
(based on the C profiling tools) count function calls and the time spent
in each function. CLX works with GCL.
There is now a builtin interface with the TK widget system. It runs in
a separate process so that users may monitor progress on lisp
computations, or interact with running computations via a windowing
interface.
There is also an Xlib interface via C (xgcl-2). PCL runs with GCL (see
PCL item later in this article). *Note Forthcoming GNUs::, for plans for
about GCL, or for recent developments. GCL version 2.0 is released
under the GNU Library General Public License.
* `cpio' (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)
`cpio' is an alternative archive program with all the features of SVR4
`cpio', including support for the final POSIX 1003.1 `ustar' standard.
`mt', a program to position magnetic tapes, is included with `cpio'.
* CVS (SrcCD, UtilT)
CVS, the Concurrent Version System, manages software revision and release
control in a multi-developer, multi-directory, multi-group environment.
It works best in conjunction with RCS versions 4 and above, but will
parse older RCS formats with the loss of CVS's fancier features. See
Berliner, Brian, "CVS-II: Parallelizing Software Development,"
`Proceedings of the Winter 1990 USENIX Association Conference'. To find
out how to get a copy of this report, contact `[email protected]'.
* DejaGnu (LangT, SrcCD)
DejaGnu is a framework for testing other programs that provides a single
front end for all tests. The framework's flexibility and consistency
makes it easy to write tests for any program. DejaGnu comes with
`expect', which runs scripts to conduct dialogs with programs.
* Diffutils (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)
GNU `diff' compares files showing line-by-line changes in several
flexible formats. It is much faster than traditional Unix versions. The
Diffutils package contains `diff', `diff3', `sdiff', and `cmp'.
Recent Diffutils improvements include more consistent handling of
character sets, and a new `diff' option to do all input/output in
binary; this is useful on some non-Posix hosts.
Plans for the Diffutils package include support for internationalization
(e.g., error messages in Chinese), and for some non-Unix PC environments.
* DJGPP (BinCD, DjgppD, DosCD)
DJ Delorie has ported GCC/G++ 2.6.0 (see the GCC item in this section)
to the i386 MS-DOS platform. The DJGPP package also contains a 32-bit
80386 DOS extender with symbolic debugger; development libraries; and
ports of Bison, `flex', GAS, and the GNU Binutils. Full source code is
provided. It requires at least 5MB of hard disk space to install and
512K of RAM to use. It supports SVGA (up to 1024x768), XMS & VDISK
memory allocation, `himem.sys', VCPI (e.g., QEMM, DESQview, & 386MAX),
and DPMI (e.g., Windows 3.x, OS/2, QEMM, & QDPMI). Ask
`[email protected]' to join a DJGPP users mailing list.
* `dld' (LangT, SrcCD)
`dld' is a dynamic linker written by W. Wilson Ho. Linking your program
with the `dld' library allows you to dynamically load object files into
the running binary. Currently supported are VAX (Ultrix), Sun 3 (SunOS
3.4 & 4.0), SPARC (SunOS 4.0), Sequent Symmetry (Dynix), & Atari ST.
* `doschk' (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilT)
This program is intended as a utility to help software developers ensure
that their source file names are distinguishable on System V platforms
with 14-character filenames and on MS-DOS with 8+3 character filenames.
* `ecc' (SrcCD, UtilT)
`ecc' is a Reed-Solomon error correction checking program, which can
correct three byte errors in a block of 255 bytes and detect more severe
errors. Contact `[email protected]' for more information.
* `ed' (SrcCD, UtilT)
Ed is the standard text editor.
* Elib (LspEmcT, SrcCD)
Elib is a small library of Emacs Lisp functions, including routines for
using AVL trees and doubly-linked lists.
* GNU Emacs
In 1975, Richard Stallman developed the first Emacs, an extensible,
customizable real-time display editor and computing environment. GNU
Emacs is his second implementation. It offers true Lisp--smoothly
integrated into the editor--for writing extensions, and provides an
interface to the X Window System. It also runs on MS-DOS and Windows
NT. In addition to its powerful native command set, Emacs has
extensions which emulate the editors vi and EDT (DEC's VMS editor).
Emacs has many other features which make it a full computing support
environment. Our long term plan is now to move it in the direction of a
WYSIWYG word processor and make it easy for beginners to use. Source
for the `GNU Emacs Manual', `Programming in Emacs Lisp, An
Introduction', the `GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual', and a reference
card come with the software. *Note Documentation::.
* GNU Emacs 18 (EmcsD, LspEmcT, SrcCD, VMSEmcsT)
GNU Emacs 18.59 is the last release of version 18 from the FSF. We are
no longer maintaining it. It runs on many Unix systems. In hardware
order: Alliant FX/80 & FX/2800, Altos 3068, Amdahl (UTS), Apollo, AT&T
(3Bs & 7300 PC), DG Aviion, Bull DPX/2 (2nn & 3nn) CCI 5/32 & 6/32,
Celerity, Convex, Digital (DECstation 3100 & 5000 (PMAXes), Mips, VAX
(BSD, SysV & VMS)), Motorola Delta 147 & 187, Dual, Elxsi 6400, Encore
(DPC, APC & XPC), Gould, HP (9000 series 200, 300, 700 & 800, but not
500), HLH Orion (original & 1/05), IBM (RS/6000 (AIX), RT/PC (4.2 & AIX)
& PS/2 (AIX (386 only))), ISI (Optimum V, 80386), Intel 860 & 80386
(BSD, Esix, SVR3, SVR4, SCO, ISC, IX, AIX & others), Iris (2500, 2500
Turbo & 4D), Masscomp, MIPS, National Semiconductor 32000, NeXT (Mach),
NCR Tower 32 (SVR2 & SVR3), Nixdorf Targon 31, Nu (TI & LMI), pfa50,
Plexus, Prime EXL, Pyramid (original & MIPS), Sequent (Balance &
Symmetry), SONY News (m68k & MIPS), Stride (system release 2), all Suns
including 386i (all SunOS & some Solaris vers.), Tadpole, Tahoe, Tandem
Integrity S2, Tektronix (16000 & 4300), Triton 88, Ustation E30 (SS5E),
Whitechapel (MG1) & Wicat.
In operating system order: AIX (RS/6000, RT/PC, 386-PS/2), BSD (vers.
4.1, 4.2, 4.3), DomainOS, Esix (386), HP-UX (HP 9000 series 200, 300,
700, 800 but not 500), ISC (386), IX (386), Mach, Microport, NewsOS
(Sony m68k & MIPS) SCO (386), SVR0 (Vax, AT&T 3Bs), SVR2, SVR3, SVR4,
Solaris 2.0, SunOS, UTS (Amdahl), Ultrix (vers. 3.0, 4,1), Uniplus 5.2
(Dual machines), VMS (vers. 4.0, 4.2, 4.4, 5.5) & Xenix (386).
* GNU Emacs 19 (DosCD, EmacsD, LspEmcT, SrcCD)
Emacs 19 works with character-only terminals as well as with the X
Window System (with or without the X toolkit); New features in Emacs 19
include: multiple X windows ("frames" to Emacs), with either a separate
X window for the minibuffer or a minibuffer attached to each X window;
property lists associated with regions of text in a buffer; multiple
fonts and colors defined by those properties; simplified and improved
processing of function keys, mouse clicks and mouse movement; X
selection processing, including clipboard selections; hooks to be run if
point or mouse moves outside a certain range; menu bars and popup menus
defined by keymaps; scrollbars; before and after change hooks;
source-level debugging of Emacs Lisp programs; European character sets
support; floating point numbers; improved buffer allocation, including
returning storage to the system when a buffer is killed; interfacing
with the X resource manager; GNU configuration scheme support; good RCS
support; & many updated libraries.
Recent features include support for Motif widgets as well as the Athena
widgets, displaying multiple views of an outline at the same time,
version control support for CVS and for multiple branches, ability to
open frames on more than one X display from a single Emacs job,
operation on MS-DOS and MS Windows, commands to edit text properties,
text properties for formatting text, the ability to save text properties
in files, & GNU-standard long named command line options.
Emacs 19.29 is believed to work on, in hardware order: Acorn Risc
machine (RISCiX); Alliant FX/2800 (BSD); Alpha (OSF/1); Apollo
(DomainOS); Bull DPX/2 2nn & 3nn (SysV.3) & sps7 (SysV.2); Clipper;
Convex (BSD); Cubix QBx (SysV); Data General Aviion (DGUX); DEC MIPS
(Ultrix 4.2 & OSF/1, not VMS); Elxsi 6400 (SysV); Gould Power Node & NP1
(4.2 & 4.3BSD); Harris Night Hawk 1200 and 3000, 4000 and 5000 (cxux);
Honeywell XPS100 (SysV); HP 9000 series 200, 300, 700, 800 (but not 500)
(4.3BSD or HP-UX 7, 8, 9); Intel i386, i486 and Pentium (386BSD, AIX,
BSDI/386, FreeBSD, Esix, GNU/Linux, ISC, MS-DOS (*note MS-DOS
Diskettes::. & *Note MS-DOS CD-ROM::), NetBSD, SCO3.2v4, SysV, Xenix,
WindowsNT); IBM RS6000 (AIX 3.2); IBM RT/PC (AIX or BSD); Motorola Delta
147 & 187 (SysV.3, SysV.4, & m88kbcs); National Semiconductor 32K
(Genix); NeXT (BSD or Mach 2 w/ NeXTStep 3.0); Paragon (OSF/1); Prime
EXL (SysV); Pyramid (BSD); Sequent Symmetry (BSD, ptx); Siemens RM400
and RM600 (SysV); SGI Iris 4D (Irix 4.x & 5.x); Sony News/RISC (NewsOS);
Stardent i860 (SysV); Sun 3 & 4, SPARC 1, 1+, 2, 10 & Classic (SunOS
4.0, 4.1, Solaris 2.0-2.3); Tadpole 68k (SysV); Tektronix XD88 (SysV.3)
& 4300 (BSD); & Titan P2 & P3 (SysV).
In operating system order: AIX (i386, RS6000, RT/PC); 4.1, 4.2, 4.3BSD
(i386, i860, Convex, Gould Power Node & NP1, HP9000 series 300, NeXT,
Pyramid, Symmetry, Tektronix 4300, RT/PC); DG/UX (Aviion);
DomainOS(Apollo); Esix (i386); FreeBSD (i386); Genix (ns32k); GNU/Linux
(i386); HP-UX 7, 8, 9 (HP 9000 series 200, 300, 700, 800, but not 500);
Irix 4 & 5 (Iris 4D); ISC (i386); Mach 2 & 3 (i386, NeXT); MS-DOS (*note
MS-DOS Diskettes::. & *Note MS-DOS CD-ROM::); NetBSD (i386, HP9000
series 300); OSF/1 (Alpha, Paragon); RISCiX (Acorn); SCO 3.2v4 (i386);
SysV (Cubix QBx, Elxsi 6400, Honeywell XPS100, Intel i386, Prime EXL,
Siemens RM400 and RM600, Stardent, Tadpole 68k, Titan P2 & P3); SysV.2
(Bull sps7); SysV.3 (Bull DPX/2 2nn & 3nn, Motorola Delta 147 & 187,
Tektronix XD88); SysV.4 (Motorola Delta 147 & 187, Stardent i860);
Solaris 2 (SPARC 1, 1+, 2, 10, Classic); SunOS 4.0, 4.1 (Sun 3 & 4,
SPARC 1, 1+, 2, 10 & Classic); Ultrix 4.2 (DEC MIPS); Windows NT; &
Xenix (i386).
Other configurations supported by Emacs 18 should work with few changes
in Emacs 19; as users tell us more about their experiences with different
systems, we will augment the list. Also see *Note Forthcoming GNUs::.
* `es' (SrcCD, UtilT)
`es' is an extensible shell based on `rc' with first class functions,
lexical scope, exceptions, and rich return values (i.e., functions can
return values other than just numbers). `es''s extensibility comes from
the ability to modify and extend the shell's builtin services, such as
path searching and redirection. Like `rc', it is great for both
interactive use and for scripting, particularly since its quoting rules
are much less baroque than the C or Bourne shells.
* `f2c' (LangT, SrcCD)
`f2c' converts Fortran-77 source files into C or C++, which can be
compiled with GCC. You can get bug fixes by FTP from site
`netlib.att.com' or by email from `[email protected]'. The fixes
are summarized in the file `/netlib/f2c/changes.Z'. *Note Forthcoming
GNUs::, for information about GNU Fortran.
* Fileutils (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)
The fileutils work on files: `chgrp', `chmod', `chown', `cp', `dd', `df',
`dir', `du', `install', `ln', `ls', `mkdir', `mkfifo', `mknod', `mv',
`mvdir', `rm', `rmdir', `sync', `touch', & `vdir'. Only some of these
are on the *Note Selected Utilities Diskettes::.
* Findutils (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)
`find' is frequently used both interactively and in shell scripts to
find files which match certain criteria and perform arbitrary operations
on them. Also included are `xargs', which applies a command to a list
of files, and `locate', which scans a database for file names that match
a pattern.
* Finger (SrcCD, UtilT)
GNU Finger has more features than other finger programs. For sites with
many hosts, a single host may be designated as the finger "server" host,
and other hosts at that site configured as finger "clients". The server
host collects information about who is logged in to the clients. To
finger a user at a GNU Finger site, a query to any its client hosts gets
useful information. GNU Finger supports many customization features,
including user output filters, and site programmable output for special
target names.
* `flex' (DjgppD, DosCD, LangT, SrcCD, UtilD)
`flex' is a replacement for the `lex' scanner generator. `flex' was
written by Vern Paxson of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and generates
far more efficient scanners than `lex' does. Source for the `Flex
Manual' and reference card are included. *Note Documentation::.
* FlexFAX (UtilT)
FlexFAX is now called HylaFAX. For more information, *Note GNU
Software::.
* Fontutils (SrcCD, UtilT)
The fontutils create fonts for use with Ghostscript or TeX, starting
with a scanned type image and converting the bitmaps to outlines. They
also contain general conversion programs and other utilities.
Fontutils programs include: `bpltobzr', `bzrto', `charspace',
`fontconvert', `gsrenderfont', `imageto', `imgrotate', `limn', and
`xbfe'.
* GAWK (DjgppD, DosCD, LangT, SrcCD)
GAWK is upwardly compatible with the latest POSIX specification of
`awk'. It also provides several useful extensions not found in other
`awk' implementations. Texinfo source for the `GAWK Manual' comes with
the software. *Note Documentation::.
* GCC (BinCD, DjgppD, DosCD, LangT, SrcCD, VMSCompT)
Version 2 of the GNU C Compiler supports multiple languages; the source
file name suffix or a compiler option selects the language. The GNU C
Compiler distribution includes support for C, C++ and Objective-C.
Support for Objective-C was donated by NeXT. The runtime support needed
to run Objective-C programs is now distributed with GCC (this does not
include any Objective-C classes aside from `object'). As much as
possible, G++ is kept compatible with the evolving draft ANSI standard,
but not with `cfront' (AT&T's compiler), which has been diverging from
ANSI.
The GNU C Compiler is a fairly portable optimizing compiler which
performs automatic register allocation, common sub-expression
elimination, invariant code motion from loops, induction variable
optimizations, constant propagation and copy propagation, delayed
popping of function call arguments, tail recursion elimination,
integration of inline functions and frame pointer elimination,
instruction scheduling, loop unrolling, filling of delay slots, leaf
function optimization, optimized multiplication by constants, a certain
amount of common subexpression elimination (CSE) between basic blocks
(though not all of the supported machine descriptions provide for
scheduling or delay slots), a feature for assigning attributes to
instructions, and many local optimizations that are automatically
deduced from the machine description. Position-independent code is
supported on the 68k, i386, i486, Pentium, Hitachi Slt, Hitachi H8/300,
Clipper, 88k, SPARC & SPARClite.
GCC can open-code most arithmetic on 64-bit values (type `long long
int'). It supports extended floating point (type `long double') on the
68k; other machines will follow.
GCC supports full ANSI C, traditional C & GNU C extensions (including:
nested functions support, nonlocal gotos & taking the address of a
label).
GCC can generate a.out, COFF, ELF & OSF-Rose files when used with a
suitable assembler. It can produce debugging information in these
formats: BSD stabs, COFF, ECOFF, ECOFF with stabs & DWARF.
GCC generates code for many CPUs, including: a29k, Alpha, ARM, AT&T
DSP1610, Convex cN, Clipper, Elxsi, Fujitsu Gmicro, H8/300, HP-PA (1.0
and 1.1) i370, i386, i486, Pentium, i860, i960, m68k, m68020, m68030,
m68040, m88k, MIL-STD-1750a, MIPS, ns32k, PDP-11, Pyramid, ROMP, RS6000,
SH, SPARC, SPARClite, VAX, & we32k.
Operating systems supported include: AIX, ACIS, AOS, BSD, Clix, Ctix,
DG/UX, Dynix, Genix, GNU, HP-UX, ISC, Irix, GNU/Linux, Luna, LynxOS,
Mach, Minix, NetBSD, NewsOS, OSF, OSF-Rose, RISCOS, SCO, Solaris 2,
SunOS 4, SysV, Ultrix, Unos, VMS & Windows/NT.
Using the configuration scheme for GCC, building a cross-compiler is as
easy as building a native compiler.
We no longer maintain version 1 of GCC, G++, or libg++.
Texinfo source for the `Using and Porting GNU CC' manual, is included
with GCC. *Note Forthcoming GNUs::, for plans for later releases of
GCC.
* GDB (BinCD, DjgppD, DosCD, LangT, SrcCD)
GDB, the GNU DeBugger, is a source-level debugger which supports C, C++,
and Fortran.
GDB can debug both C and C++ programs, and will work with executables
produced by many different compilers; however, C++ debugging will have
some limitations if you do not use GCC.
GDB has a command line user interface; GNU Emacs comes with a GDB mode,
and `xxgdb' provides an X interface (but it is not distributed or
maintained by the FSF; FTP it from `ftp.x.org' in the
`/contrib/utilities' directory).
Executable files and symbol tables are read via the BFD library, which
allows a single copy of GDB to debug programs with multiple object file
formats (e.g., a.out, COFF, ELF). Other features include a rich command
language, remote debugging over serial lines or TCP/IP, and watchpoints
(breakpoints triggered when the value of an expression changes).
GDB defines a standard interface for simulators, and the included
simulator library includes simulators for the Zilog Z8001/2, Hitachi
H8/300, H8/500 & Super-H.
GDB can perform cross-debugging. To say that GDB "targets" a platform
means that it can perform native or cross-debugging for it. To say that
GDB can "host" a given platform means that it can be built on it, but
cannot necessarily debug native programs. GDB can:
* "target" & "host": Amiga 3000 (Amix), DEC Alpha (OSF/1), DECstation
3100 & 5000 (Ultrix), HP 9000/300 (BSD, HP-UX), HP 9000/700 (HP-UX),
i386 (BSD, FreeBSD, GNU/Linux, LynxOS, NetBSD, SCO), IBM RS/6000
(AIX, LynxOS), Motorola Delta m88k (System V, CX/UX), PC532
(NetBSD), Motorola m68k MVME-167 (LynxOS), NCR 3000 (SVR4), SGI
(Irix V3, V4, V5), SONY News (NewsOS 3.x), SPARC (SunOS 4.1,
Solaris, NetBSD, LynxOS) Sun-3 (SunOS 4.1), & Ultracomputer (a29k
running Sym1).
* "target", but not "host": AMD 29000 (COFF & a.out), Hitachi H8/300,
Hitachi SH, i386 (a.out, COFF, OS/9000) i960 (Nindy, VxWorks),
m68k/m68332 (a.out, COFF, VxWorks), MIPS (IDT ecoff, ELF), Fujitsu
SPARClite (a.out, COFF), & Z8000.
* "host", but not "target": IBM RT/PC (AIX), and HP/Apollo 68k (BSD).
GDB can use the symbol tables emitted by the vendor-supplied compilers of
most MIPS-based machines, including DEC. (These tables are in a format
which almost nobody else uses.) Source for the manual
`Debugging with GDB' and a reference card are included. *Note
Documentation::.
* `gdbm' (LangT, SrcCD, UtilD)
`gdbm' is the GNU replacement for the traditional `dbm' and `ndbm'
libraries. It implements a database using quick lookup by hashing.
`gdbm' does not ordinarily make sparse files (unlike its Unix and BSD
counterparts).
* Ghostscript (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilT)
GNU Ghostscript is the GNU release of Ghostscript, which is an
interpreter for the Postscript graphics language (*note Forthcoming
GNUs::., for news on future plans).
The current version of GNU Ghostscript is 2.6.2. Features include the
ability to use the fonts provided by the platform on which Ghostscript
runs (X Window System and Microsoft Windows), resulting in much
better-looking screen displays; improved text file printing (like
`enscript'); a utility to extract the text from a Postscript language
document; a much more reliable (and faster) Microsoft Windows
implementation; support for Microsoft C/C++ 7.0; drivers for many new
printers, including the SPARCprinter, and for TIFF/F (fax) file format;
many more Postscript Level 2 facilities, including most of the color
space facilities (but not patterns), and the ability to switch between
Level 1 and Level 2 dynamically. Version 2.6.2 adds a LaserJet 4 driver
and several important bug fixes to version 2.6.1.
Ghostscript executes commands in the Postscript language by writing
directly to a printer, drawing on an X window, or writing to a file for
later printing (or to a bitmap file that you can manipulate with other
graphics programs).
Ghostscript includes a C-callable graphics library (for client programs
that do not want to deal with the Postscript language). It also supports
IBM PCs and compatibles with EGA, VGA, or SuperVGA graphics (but please
do *not* ask the FSF staff any questions about this; we do not use PCs).