Add safety check for tested / supported JDKs

[devinrsmith]

An at startup safety check framework was added as part of #5295. That PR at one point had a JDK end-of-life check based on the current timestamp, but it was removed to do the non-determinism of it (old versions of the software should continue to run as-is, and not fail one day once a timestamp threshold has been crossed).

To re-add this check, we can either use a deterministic timestamp (#3705), or we can use a fixed set of JDK versions that we know we have tested against (#5316).

[devinrsmith]

For reference, the original safety check looked like this:

    /**
     * A safety check for end-of-life JDKs, see
     * <a href="https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/java-se-support-roadmap.html">Oracle Java SE Support
     * Roadmap</a>. This will throw an exception when the {@link Runtime#version()} is 1 year past the EOL date.
     */
    public static final class JDK_END_OF_LIFE {

        private static final Map<Integer, LocalDate> EOL_DATES = Map.ofEntries(
                Map.entry(11, LocalDate.of(2032, Month.JANUARY, 31)),
                Map.entry(12, LocalDate.of(2019, Month.SEPTEMBER, 30)),
                Map.entry(13, LocalDate.of(2020, Month.MARCH, 31)),
                Map.entry(14, LocalDate.of(2020, Month.SEPTEMBER, 30)),
                Map.entry(15, LocalDate.of(2021, Month.MARCH, 31)),
                Map.entry(16, LocalDate.of(2021, Month.SEPTEMBER, 30)),
                Map.entry(17, LocalDate.of(2029, Month.SEPTEMBER, 30)),
                Map.entry(18, LocalDate.of(2022, Month.SEPTEMBER, 30)),
                Map.entry(19, LocalDate.of(2023, Month.MARCH, 31)),
                Map.entry(20, LocalDate.of(2023, Month.SEPTEMBER, 30)),
                Map.entry(21, LocalDate.of(2031, Month.SEPTEMBER, 30)),
                Map.entry(22, LocalDate.of(2024, Month.SEPTEMBER, 30)),
                Map.entry(23, LocalDate.of(2025, Month.MARCH, 31)),
                Map.entry(24, LocalDate.of(2025, Month.SEPTEMBER, 30)),
                Map.entry(25, LocalDate.of(2033, Month.SEPTEMBER, 30)));


        private static void check() {
            if (!isEnabled(JDK_END_OF_LIFE.class)) {
                return;
            }
            final Version version = Runtime.version();
            final LocalDate eolDate = EOL_DATES.get(version.feature());
            if (eolDate == null) {
                return;
            }
            if (LocalDate.now().isAfter(eolDate.plusYears(1))) {
                throw exception(JDK_END_OF_LIFE.class, String.format(
                        "The current JDK feature version %d is end-of-life as of %s. We recommend updating to a non end-of-life JDK.",
                        version.feature(), eolDate));
            }
        }
    }