conjunctions.md

Полный список предлогов, вводных слов и связок с примерами

Предлоги

Предлог	Значение	Пример использования
About	О; касательно	She talked about her trip.
Above	Над	The lamp is above the table.
According to	Согласно	According to the report, sales increased.
Across	Через	They walked across the street.
After	После	We had lunch after the meeting.
Against	Против	They voted against the proposal.
Along	Вдоль	We walked along the river.
Among	Среди	She was among the top students.
Around	Вокруг	They sat around the fire.
As	Как, в качестве	She works as a teacher.
At	У; в (о времени, месте)	We’ll meet at noon.
Before	Перед, до	She left before breakfast.
Behind	За, позади	The house is behind the trees.
Below	Ниже, под	The temperature dropped below zero.
Beneath	Под	He hid beneath the table.
Beside	Рядом	She sat beside her friend.
Between	Между	The letter is between the books.
Beyond	За пределами	Their house is beyond the hills.
By	У, около; с помощью	She stood by the door; He solved it by using a calculator.
Despite	Несмотря на	They went out despite the rain.
During	Во время	She studied during the summer.
For	Для, за	This gift is for you; I worked for two hours.
From	Из, от	He’s from Canada.
In	В	She lives in New York.
In front of	Перед	He stood in front of the mirror.
Inside	Внутри	The book is inside the bag.
Instead of	Вместо	They went by car instead of walking.
Into	Внутрь	She walked into the room.
Near	Рядом	The school is near the park.
Next to	Рядом с	She sat next to him.
Of	Из, о	The top of the mountain; a book of poems.
Off	С, от	She jumped off the chair.
On	На	The keys are on the table.
Onto	На	He climbed onto the roof.
Out of	Из	She took it out of the box.
Outside	Снаружи	They waited outside the building.
Over	Над	There’s a bridge over the river.
Since	С (о времени)	She’s lived here since 2000.
Through	Через	They drove through the tunnel.
Throughout	На протяжении	She traveled throughout Europe.
Till	До	They waited till midnight.
To	К, в	She went to the store.
Toward	По направлению к	He walked toward the exit.
Under	Под	The cat is under the bed.
Until	До	We’ll wait until you’re ready.
Up	Вверх	They climbed up the hill.
Upon	На	Once upon a time...
With	С	She went with her friend.
Within	В пределах	The results came within minutes.
Without	Без	He left without saying goodbye.

Вводные слова и связки

Выражения для добавления информации

Вводное слово	Значение	Пример использования
Moreover	Более того	She is talented; moreover, she is hardworking.
Furthermore	Кроме того	The project is beneficial; furthermore, it’s affordable.
In addition	Вдобавок	In addition to English, he speaks Spanish.
Also	Также	She also enjoys hiking.
Besides	Кроме того	Besides, we have other options.

Выражения для противопоставления

Вводное слово	Значение	Пример использования
However	Однако	He’s smart; however, he lacks experience.
Nevertheless	Тем не менее	She was tired; nevertheless, she continued working.
On the other hand	С другой стороны	I enjoy my job; on the other hand, it can be stressful.
Yet	Тем не менее	It was cold, yet we went outside.
In contrast	В отличие	In contrast to his brother, he is very shy.
Rather	Скорее, чем	It’s not blue, rather a shade of green.
Instead	Вместо	We should focus on quality instead of quantity.
On the contrary	Напротив	It’s not difficult; on the contrary, it’s quite easy.
Alternatively	В качестве альтернативы	We could drive or, alternatively, take a train.

Выражения для пояснения и примеров

Вводное слово	Значение	Пример использования
For example	Например	He likes tropical fruits, for example, mangoes.
For instance	К примеру	Many people enjoy music; for instance, classical or jazz.
In other words	Другими словами	He is an introvert; in other words, he enjoys solitude.
That is	То есть	She’s bilingual, that is, she speaks two languages.

Выражения для указания на причину и следствие

Вводное слово	Значение	Пример использования
Therefore	Поэтому	It rained all day; therefore, the game was canceled.
Thus	Таким образом	The experiment failed, thus proving the theory wrong.
Consequently	В результате	He didn’t study; consequently, he failed the test.
As a result	В результате	She trained hard, and as a result, she won the race.
Because of	Из-за	The event was postponed because of the weather.

Выражения для перечисления и порядка

Вводное слово	Значение	Пример использования
Firstly, Secondly, Finally	Во-первых, Во-вторых, Наконец	Firstly, we need funding. Secondly, we need support.
In the first place	Прежде всего	In the first place, the plan must be feasible.
To begin with	Прежде всего	To begin with, let’s review the rules.
Then	Затем	We finished dinner; then we watched a movie.
Afterwards	Впоследствии	He apologized; afterwards, they made up.

Выражения для заключения

Вводное слово	Значение	Пример использования
In conclusion	В заключение	In conclusion, teamwork is essential.
To sum up	Подводя итоги	To sum up, the results were positive.
All in all	В целом	All in all, it was a great experience.
Overall	В целом	Overall, the project was successful.
On the whole	В общем	On the whole, we agree with the decision.
In summary	Вкратце	In summary, we have achieved our goals.
Ultimately	В конечном итоге	Ultimately, it’s a question of time.

Выражения для уточнения и добавления деталей

Вводное слово	Значение	Пример использования
Specifically	В частности	I enjoy fruits, specifically tropical ones.
In particular	В частности	She loves flowers, in particular roses.
Namely	А именно	Three students were late, namely John, Sarah, and Paul.
Above all	Прежде всего, главным образом	Above all, honesty is important.
Especially	Особенно	She likes all fruits, especially oranges.

Выражения для акцента и подчеркивания

Вводное слово	Значение	Пример использования
Indeed	Действительно	He is indeed a talented musician.
Certainly	Безусловно	Certainly, we’ll consider your proposal.
Undoubtedly	Несомненно	She is undoubtedly the best candidate.
In fact	На самом деле	He said he was tired; in fact, he slept all day.
As a matter of fact	Собственно говоря	As a matter of fact, I do have an extra ticket.

Выражения для выражения условия

Вводное слово	Значение	Пример использования
If	Если	If it rains, we’ll stay inside.
Provided that	При условии, что	We’ll go hiking, provided that the weather is good.
As long as	Пока	You can stay as long as you want.
In case	В случае	Take an umbrella in case it rains.
Unless	Если не	I won’t go unless you come with me.
Assuming that	Предполагая, что	Assuming that everything goes well, we’ll finish on time.

Выражения для выражения предположения

Вводное слово	Значение	Пример использования
Perhaps	Возможно	Perhaps he’ll join us later.
Maybe	Может быть	Maybe we’ll go to the park tomorrow.
Possibly	Возможно	She’ll possibly be here by noon.
Apparently	По-видимому	Apparently, he missed his flight.
Presumably	Предположительно	Presumably, they have already left.
Supposedly	Предположительно	He is supposedly the best candidate.

Временные маркеры и вводные слова для описания времени

Вводное слово	Значение	Пример использования
At the moment	В данный момент	At the moment, we’re discussing the details.
In the meantime	Тем временем	We’ll wait here; in the meantime, you can make a call.
Eventually	В конце концов	Eventually, they found a solution.
Afterwards	Впоследствии	She apologized; afterwards, they made up.
Previously	Ранее	Previously, she worked in marketing.
Simultaneously	Одновременно	The events occurred simultaneously.
Currently	В настоящее время	She is currently studying abroad.
Initially	Первоначально	Initially, they were hesitant.
Subsequently	Впоследствии	Subsequently, they accepted the offer.
Meanwhile	Тем временем	The guests are arriving; meanwhile, the host is preparing.

Выражения для указания на мнение, точку зрения

Вводное слово	Значение	Пример использования
In my opinion	По моему мнению	In my opinion, this is the best choice.
Personally	Лично	Personally, I prefer tea over coffee.
As far as I know	Насколько мне известно	As far as I know, they have no objections.
From my point of view	С моей точки зрения	From my point of view, it’s a fair solution.
I believe	Я считаю	I believe this is a misunderstanding.
It seems to me	Мне кажется	It seems to me that he’s honest.
As I see it	Как я это вижу	As I see it, we have two options.
To my mind	На мой взгляд	To my mind, this strategy is risky.

Выражения для демонстрации сравнения и аналогии

Вводное слово	Значение	Пример использования
Similarly	Аналогично	They both excel in sports; similarly, they are top students.
Likewise	Также, аналогично	He loves adventure; likewise, his sister is always exploring.
In comparison	В сравнении	In comparison to last year, sales have increased.
Compared to	По сравнению с	Compared to his last job, this one is less demanding.
Just as	Так же, как	She was late, just as I expected.
In the same way	Точно так же	He reacted in the same way she did.
By the same token	По той же причине	He dislikes modern art; by the same token, he rarely visits museums.

Выражения для выражения степени и количества

Вводное слово	Значение	Пример использования
Almost	Почти	She is almost finished with the project.
Approximately	Приблизительно	The meeting lasted approximately two hours.
Nearly	Почти	They nearly missed the flight.
Just about	Почти	He’s just about done.
More or less	Более или менее	The results were more or less what we expected.
A great deal of	Много	A great deal of effort was put into this project.
Quite a few	Достаточно много	Quite a few people showed up for the event.

Выражения для изложения результатов и вывода

Вводное слово	Значение	Пример использования
As a result	В результате	She trained hard, and as a result, she won the race.
Consequently	В результате	He didn’t study; consequently, he failed the test.
Therefore	Поэтому	It was late; therefore, we decided to go home.
Thus	Таким образом	He didn’t pay the bill; thus, he lost his membership.
Hence	Следовательно	She was busy, hence the delay.
In effect	По сути	In effect, they postponed the project.
As a consequence	В результате	The project was delayed as a consequence of poor planning.

Выражения для выражения согласия или несогласия

Вводное слово	Значение	Пример использования
Of course	Конечно	Of course, you’re welcome to join us.
Certainly	Безусловно	This is certainly a good idea.
Absolutely	Абсолютно	I absolutely agree with you.
I agree	Я согласен	I agree that we need more time.
I’m afraid	Боюсь, что (выражение вежливого несогласия)	I’m afraid I can’t support that idea.
I disagree	Я не согласен	I disagree with this approach.
On the contrary	Напротив	I expected it to be easy; on the contrary, it was hard.
I don’t think so	Не думаю	I don’t think this is the right decision.

Выражения для указания на переход к другой теме или аспекту

Вводное слово	Значение	Пример использования
Now	Теперь	Now, let’s discuss the results.
On another note	С другой стороны, что касается другого	On another note, we need to consider the budget.
Turning to	Переходя к	Turning to the next topic, let’s look at sales trends.
Regarding	Что касается	Regarding the report, we need more information.
As for	Что касается	As for the deadline, we’ll try to meet it.
Moving on to	Переходя к	Moving on to the next issue, let’s discuss options.
In terms of	С точки зрения, относительно	In terms of cost, this option is better.