- The
compile
command was renamed back tobuild
. Thecompile
command is deprecated and will be removed in a future version - Fibers now can be spawned with a name
- ECR macros can now be required with just
require "ecr"
- Several bugs fixes and enhancements
T?
is now parsed asUnion(T, Nil)
outside the type grammar- Added
String#sub
overloads for replacing an index or range with a char or string - Several bugs fixes
- Added
OpenSSL::SSL::Socket#alpn_protocol
- Added
IO#copy(src, desc, limit)
(thanks @jreinert) - Added
TypeNode#instance
macro method - Several bugs fixes
- Fixed #2887
- Fix broken specs
TypeNode
: added<
,<=
,>
and>=
macro methods- Several bugs fixes
- Fixed building Crystal from the source tarball
- Spec: passing
--profile
shows the slowest 10 specs (thanks @mperham) - Added
StringLiteral#>
andStringLiteral#<
in macros - Several bugs fixes
- (breaking change)
IniFile
was renamed toINI
, and its methodload
renamed toparse
- (breaking change)
Process.getpgid
was renamed toProcess.pgid
- (breaking change) An
Exception
's backtrace is now set when it's raised, not when it's created: it'sbacktrace
method raises if it's not set, and there'sbacktrace?
to get it as a nilable array - (breaking change)
dup
is now correctly implemented in all types.clone
is not defined by default, but some types in the standard library do. Also checkObject#def_clone
- (breaking change) the
method_missing
macro only accepts a single argument: aCall
now. The form that accepted 3 arguments was removed. - (breaking change) the
delegate
macro must now be used likedelegate method1, method2, ..., methodN, to: object
- (breaking change)
Hash#each_with_index
andHash#each_with_object
now yield a tuple (pair) and an index, becauseHash
is nowEnumerable
. Usedo |(key, value), index|
for this. - (breaking change)
{"foo": 1}
denotes a named tuple literal now, not a hash literal. Use{"foo" => 1}
instead. This also applies to, for exampleHTTP::Headers{...}
- (breaking change) Extra block arguments now give a compile-time error. This means that methods that yield more than once, one time with N arguments and another time with M arguments, with N < M, will always give an error. To fix this, add M - N
nil
fillers on the yield side (this makes it more explicit thatnil
was intended to be a block argument value) - (breaking change)
OpenSSL::SSL::Context
andOpenSSL::SSL::Socket
can no longer be used directly anymore. Use their respective subclassesOpenSSL::SSL::Context::Client
, withOpenSSL::SSL::Socket::Client
,OpenSSL::SSL::Context::Server
withOpenSSL::SSL::Socket::Server
. - (breaking change) TLS server and client sockets now use sane defaults, including support for hostname verification for client sockets, used by default in
HTTP::Client
. - (breaking change) The
ssl
option was renamed totls
inHTTP::Client
,HTTP::Server
,HTTP::WebSocket
,OAuth::Consumer
,OAuth::Signature
andOAuth2::AccessToken
. - The
dns_timeout
setting in a few classes likeHTTP::Client
andTCPSocket
is now ignored until a next version supports a non-blockinggetaddrinfo
equivalent OpenSSL::SSL::Socket::Client
supports server name indication now.- The
build
command was renamed tocompile
. Thebuild
command is deprecated and will be removed in a future version - The
--cross-compile
flag no longer takes arguments, use--target
and-D
- Added a
Union
type that represents the type of a union, which can have class methods - Methods, procs and lib functions that are marked as returning
Void
now returnNil
- Methods that are marked as returning
Nil
are not checked for a correct return type, they always returnnil
now - When
as
fails at runtime it now includes which type couldn't be cast - Macros can now be used inside
lib
andenum
declarations - Macros can now be declared inside enums
- Macro calls can now be used as enum values
- Generic types can now include a splatted type variable. This already existed in the language (
Tuple(*T)
,Proc(*T)
) but there was no syntax to define such types. - Class variables are now inherited (only their type, not their value). They are now similar to Ruby class instance variables.
- Splats in
yield
can now be used - Splat in block arguments can now be used.
- Added block auto-unpacking: if a method yields a tuple and a block specifies more then one block argument, the tuple is unpacked to these arguments
- String literals are now allowed as external method arguments, to match named tuples and named arguments
sizeof
andinstance_sizeof
can now be used as generic type arguments (mostly useful combined withStaticArray
)Hash
,HTTP::Headers
,HTTP::Params
andENV
now include theEnumerable
moduleProc
is nowProc(*T, R)
Tuple(*T).new
andNamedTuple(**T).new
now correctly match the givenT
(#1828)Float64#to_s
now produces an ever more accurate outputJSON
parsing now correctly handle floats with many digitsJSON.mapping
andYAML.mapping
now also accept named arguments in addition to a hash literal or named tuple literalInt#chr
now raises if the integer is out of a char's range. The old non-raising behaviour is now inInt#unsafe_chr
.- The output of
pp x
is nowx # => ...
instead ofx = ...
- The output of the
debug()
macro method now tries to format the code (passfalse
to disable this) - Added
JSON
andYAML
parsing and mapping for unions - Added
FileUtils.cp_r
(thanks @Dreauw) - Added
Tuple.from
andNamedTuple.from
(thanks @jhass) - Added
XML.escape
(thanks @juanedi) - Added
HTTP::Server::Response#respond_with_error
(thanks @jhass) - Added
TCPServer#accept?
- Added optional
base
argument toChar#digit?
andChar#hex?
(thanks @mirek) - Added
flag?
macro method, similar to usingifdef
.ifdef
is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. - Added
YAML::PullParser#read_raw
- Added
Proc#partial
- Added
Socket.ip?(str)
to validate IPv4 and IPv6 addresses - Added
Bytes
as an alias ofSlice(UInt8)
- Added
RangeLiteral
macro methods:begin
,end
,excludes_end?
,map
andto_a
- Added
ArrayLiteral#[range]
andArrayLiteral#[from, to]
in macros (applicable forTupleLiteral
too) - Added
Generic
macro methods:name
,type_vars
,named_args
- Spec: added JUnit formatter output (thanks @juanedi)
- The
tls
option inHTTP::Client
can now take aOpenSSL::SSL::Context::Client
in addition totrue
. HTTP::LogHandler
logs exceptions now (thanks @jhass)HTTP::ErrorHandler
does not tell the client which exception occurred by default (can be enabled with averbose
flag) (thanks @jhass)- Several bug fixes
- Added string literals without interpolations nor escapes:
%q{...}
and<<-'HEREDOC'
. Also added%Q{...}
with the same meaning as%{...}
. - A method that uses
@type
inside a macro expression is now automatically detected as being amacro def
Float64#to_s
now produces a more accurate output- Added
Crystal::VERSION
and other compiler-metadata constants - Added
Object.from_json(string_or_io, root)
and aroot
option toJSON.mapping
- Added
System.hostname
(thanks @miketheman) - The
property
,getter
andsetter
macros now also accept assignments (property x = 0
) - The
record
macro now also accepts assignments (record Point, x = 0, y = 0
) - Comparison in macros between
MacroId
andStringLiteral
orSymbolLiteral
now work as expected (compares theid
representation) - Some bug fixes
- Fixed: multiple macro runs executions didn't work well (#2624)
- Fixed incorrect formatting of underscore in unpacked block arguments
- Fixed wrong codegen for global variable assignment in type declaration (#2619)
- Fixed initialize default arguments where evaluated at the class scope (#731)
- The type guesser can now infer a block type from
def initialize(&@block)
- Allow type restriction in double splat argument (similar to restriction in single splat)
- Allow splat restriction in splat argument (useful for
Tuple.new
) - Allow double splat restriction in double splat argument (useful for
NamedTuple.new
)
- Fixed crash when using pointerof of constant
- Constants and class vars are no longer initialized before "main". Now their initialization order goes along with "main", similar to how it works in Ruby (much more intuitive)
- Added syntax for unpacking block arguments:
foo { |(x, y)| ... }
- Added
NamedTupleLiteral#map
andHashLiteral#map
in macros (thanks @jhass) - Fixed wrong codgen for tuples/named tuples merge with pass-by-value types
- Formatter: fixed incorrect format for named tuple type
- (breaking change) Macro defs are now parsed like regular methods. Enclose the body with
{% begin %} .. {% end %}
if you needed that behaviour - (breaking change) A union of two tuples of the same size results in a tuple with the unions of the types in each position. This only affects code that later tested a tuple's type with
is_a?
, for exampletuple.is_a?({Int32, String})
- (breaking change) Method arguments have now a different semantic. This only affects methods that had a splat argument followed by other arguments.
- (breaking change) The syntax
{foo: 1, bar: 2}
now denotes aNamedTuple
, not aHash
with symbol as keys. Use{:foo => 1, :bar => 2}
instead - The syntax
exp as Type
is now deprecated and will be removed in the next version. Usecrystal tool format
to automatically upgrade your code - The compiler now gives an error when trying to define a method named
!
,is_a?
,responds_to?
,nil?
,as
oras?
- Added the
NamedTuple
type - Added double splatting
- Added external argument names
- Macro defs return type is no longer mandatory
- Added
as?
: similar toas
, but returnsnil
when the type doesn't match - Added
Number::Primitive
alias - Added
Tuple#+(Tuple)
- Added
ArrayLiteral#+(ArrayLiteral)
in macros Crypto::MD5
now allowsSlice(UInt8)
and a block form (thanks @will)- Added docs for XML (thanks @Hamdiakoguz)
- Many bug fixes
- (breaking change) Instance, class and global variables types must be told to the compiler, either explicitly or through a series of syntactic rules
- (breaking change) Non-abstract structs cannot be inherited anymore (abstract structs can), check the docs to know why. In many cases you can use modules instead.
- (breaking change) Class variables are now initialized at the beginning of the program (before "main"), make sure to read the docs about class variables and main
- (breaking change) Constants are now initialized at the beginning of the program (before "main"), make sure to read the docs about constants and main
- (breaking change) When doing
crystal program.cr arg1 arg2 arg3
,arg1
,arg2
andarg3
are considered arguments to pass to the program (not the compiler). Usecrystal run program.cr arg1 ...
to considerarg1
a file to include in the compilation. - (breaking change)
Int#**(Int)
now returns an integer, and raises if the argument is negative. Use a float base or exponent for negative exponents to work. - (breaking change)
Slice#to_s
andStaticArray#to_s
now include their type name in the output - Support for FreeBSD and musl libc has landed (thanks @ysbaddaden)
- The
.crystal
directory is now created at$HOME/.cache/crystal
or$HOME/.crystal
(or others similar), with a fallback to the current directory crystal doc
andcrystal tool hierarchy
are now much faster. Additionally, the hierarchy tool shows types for generic types, and doesn't show instantiations anymore (wasn't very useful)!
now does type filtering (for example you can do!x || x.bar
, assumingx
can benil
and the non-nil type responds tobar
)- Named arguments can now match any argument, even if they don't have a default value. Make sure to read the docs
- The
as
operator can now be written as a method:exp.as(Type)
in addition toexp as Type
. The old syntax will be removed in a few releases. - Added
@x : Int32 = 1
syntax (declaration + initialization) new
/initialize
logic now works more as one would expect- Added
BigRational
(thanks @will) - Added
BigFloat
(thanks @Exilor) - Added
String#insert
- Added
Time::EpochConverter
andTime::EpochMillisConverter
- Added
%s
(unix epoch) directive toTime::Format
Time
now honours Dayling Saving andENV["TZ"]
- Added
HTTP::Server::Response#cookies
(thanks @jhass) - Added
Array#bsearch
,Array#bsearch_index
andRange#bsearch
(thanks @MakeNowJust) - Added
Range#reverse_each
iterator (thanks @omninonsense) JSON::Any
: addedas_...?
methods (thanks @DougEverly)JSON::Any
is nowEnumerable
YAML::Any
is nowEnumerable
- Added
JSON.parse_raw
that returns aJSON::Type
JSON::PullParser
: added#read_raw
to read a JSON value as a raw string (useful for delayed parsing). Also addedString::RawConverter
to be used withJSON.mapping
.JSON
andYAML
: enums,BigInt
andBigFloat
are now serializableENV
: allow passingnil
as a value to delete an environment variableHash
: allowArray | Tuple
arguments for#select
,#select!
,#reject
and#reject!
Crypto::Subtle.constant_time_compare
now returnsBool
, and it can compare two strings in addition to two slices (thanks @skunkworker)HTTP::Server
: reset port zero after listening (thanks @splattael)- Added
File#each_line
iterator - Added
Number.slice
,Number.static_array
,Slice.[]
andStaticArray.[]
to easily create slices and static arrays - Added
Slice#hexdump
(thanks @will) - Added
Enumerable#product
(thanks @dkhofer) - Fix: disallow using
out
withVoid*
pointers - Fixed bug in
XML::Node#namespace_scopes
(thanks @Hamdiakoguz) - Added docs for
INIFile
(thanks @EvanHahn) - Lots of bug fixes
- (breaking change)
!
has now its meaning hardcoded in the language. If you defined it for a type it won't be invoked as a method anymore. - (breaking change)
nil?
has now its meaning hardcoded in the language. If you defined it for a type it won't be invoked as a method anymore. - (breaking change)
typeof
is now disallowed inalias
declarations - Added
crystal tool format --check
to check that source code is properly formatted crystal play
(playground) added workbooks support, as well as improvements and stabilizations- Added
Tempfile.dirname
(thanks @DougEverly) - Added
Path#resolve
method in macros {{...}}
arguments to a macro call are now expanded before macro invocation (#2392)- Special variables (
$~
and$?
) are now accessible after being defined in blocks (#2194) - Some bugs and regressions fixed
- Fixed regression with formatter (#2348)
- Fixed regression with block return types (#2347)
- Fixed regression with openssl (https://github.com/crystal-lang/crystal/commit/78c12caf2366b01f949046e78ad4dab65d0d80d4)
- Fixed some regressions in the formatter
- (breaking change) The syntax of a method argument with a default value and a type restriction is now
def foo(arg : Type = default_value)
. The olddef foo(arg = default_value : Type)
was removed. - (breaking change)
Enumerable#take(n)
andIterator#take(n)
were renamed tofirst(n)
- (breaking change)
Socket#addr
andSocket#peeraddr
were renamed tolocal_address
andremote_address
respectively - (breaking change) Removed
Comparable#between?(a, z)
. Usea <= x <= z
instead - (breaking change)
HTTP::WebSocketHandler
callbacks can now access theHTTP::Context
. If you had a forwarding method to it you'll need to update it. See #2313. - New command
crystal play
that opens a playground for you to play in the browser :-) (thanks @bcardiff) - New command
crystal env
that prints environment information Spec
: you can now run multiple files with specified line numbers, as incrystal spec file1.cr:10 file2.cr:20 ...
- Initial support for musl-libc (thanks @ysbaddaden)
- Added
FileUtils.cp
(thanks @Dreauw) - Added
Array#first(n)
andArray#last(n)
(thanks @greyblake) - Added
WebSocket#close
and properly handle disconnections - Added
UDPSocket#send
andUDPSocket#receive
(thanks @tatey) - Added
Char#uppercase?
andChar#lowercase?
(thanks @MaloJaffre`) - Added
sync_close
property toOpenSSL::SSL::Socket
,Zlib::Inflate
andZlib::Deflate
- Added
XML::Node#encoding
andXML::Node#version
- Added
HTTP::Client::Response#success?
(thanks @marceloboeira) - Added
StaticArray#shuffle!(random)
(thanks @Nesqwik) - Added
Splat#exp
method in macros - Added fiber-safe
Mutex
- All
Int
types (exceptBigInt
) can now be used inJSON
andYAML
mappings (thanks @marceloboeira) - Instance variable declarations/initializations now correctly work in generic classes and modules
- Lots of bug fixes
- (breaking change)
Matrix
was moved to a separate shard: https://github.com/Exilor/matrix - The syntax of a method argument with a default value and a type restriction is now
def foo(arg : Type = default_value)
. Runcrystal tool format
to automatically upgrade exsiting code to this new syntax. The olddef foo(arg = default_value : Type)
syntax will be removed in a next release. - Special handling of
case
with a tuple literal. See #2258. - Keywords can now be used for variable declaration, so
property end : Time
works as expected. - Comparison of signed vs. unsigned integers now always give a correct result
- Allow declaring instance variables in non-generic module types (
module Moo; @x : Int32; end
) - Allow initializing instance variables in non-generic module types (
module Moo; @x = 1; end
) Spec
: allow setting multiple output formatters (thanks @marceloboeira)StringScanner
: improved performance- Added
foo.[0] = 1
andfoo.[0]
as valid syntax, similar to the one in&.
blocks (thanks @MakeNowJust) CSV
: allow separate and quote characters different than comma and doble quote (thanks @jreinert)YAML
: support merge operator (<<
) (thanks @jreinert)- Allow redefining primitive methods like
Int32#+(other : Int32)
- Allow defining macros with operator names like
[]
Levenshtein
: improved performance (thanks @tcrouch)HTTP::Client
: fixed incorrect parsing of chunked bodyHTTP::Client
: added a constructor with anURI
argument (thanks @plukevdh)String
:sub
andgsub
now understand backreferences (thanks @bjmllr)Random
: addedRandom#rand(Float64)
andRandom#rand(Range(Float, Float))
(thanks @AlexWayfer)HTML
:HTLM.escape
includes more characters (thanks @Ryuuzakis)- Added
TypeNode.class
method in macros (thanks @waterlink) run
inside macros now also work with absolute paths (useful when used with__DIR__
)- Added docs for
Math
andStaticArray
(thanks @Zavydiel, @HeleneMyr) - Many bug fixes and some micro-optimizations
- (breaking change) When used with a type declaration, the macros
property
,getter
,setter
, etc., declare instance variables with those types. - (breaking change)
JSON.mapping
andYAML.mapping
declare instance variables with the given types. - (breaking change)
YAML.load
was renamed toYAML.parse
, and it now returns aYAML::Any
. - (breaking change)
embed_ecr
andecr_file
were renamed toECR.embed
andECR.def_to_s
(the old methods now produce a warning and will be removed in the next release). - Added encoding support:
IO#set_encoding
,String#encode
, andHTTP::Client
charset check. - Segmentation faults are now trapped and shown in a more friendlier way.
- The
record
macro can now accept type declarations (for examplerecord Point, x : Int32, y : Int32
) - Added
Iterator#step
(thanks @jhass) Array#push
andArray#unshift
can now accept multiple values and add the elements in an efficient way (thanks @arktisklada)- Added
default
option toJSON.mapping
(thanks @kostya) - Added
default
option toYAML.mapping
(thanks @jreinert) - Allow doing
case foo; when Foo.class
(andFoo(T)
andFoo(T).class
) in case expressions. - Added
Class#|
so a union type can be expresses asInt32 | Char
in regular code. - Added
File.real_path
(thanks @jreinert) - Added
dns_timeout
forHTTP::Client
(thanks @kostya) - Added dynamic width precision to
sprintf
(thanks @gtramontina) Markdown
now supports blockquotes and 1 level of list nesting (thanks @SebastianSzturo)p
now accepts multiple arguments- Many bug fixes and some optimizations
- Fixed #2050, #2054, #2057, #2059, #2064
- Fixed bug: HTTP::Server::Response headers weren't cleared after each request
- Formatter would incorrectly change
property x :: Int32
toproperty x = uninitialized Int32
- (breaking change) Syntax for type declarations changed from
var :: Type
tovar : Type
. The old syntax is still allowed but will be deprecated in the next version (runcrystal tool format
to automatically fix this) - (breaking change) Syntax for uninitialized variables, which used to be
var :: Type
, is nowvar = uninitialized Type
. The old syntax is still allowed but will be deprecated in the next version (runcrystal tool format
to automatically fix this) - (breaking change)
HTTP::Server
refactor to support streaming. Check the docs ofHTTP::Server
for upgrade instructions - (breaking change) Renamed
HTTP::WebSocketSession
toHTTP::WebSocket
. - (breaking change) Heredocs now remove indentations according to the indentation of the closing identifier (thanks @rhysd)
- (breaking change) Renamed
Enumerable#inject
toEnumerable#reduce
- (breaking change)
next
andreturn
semantic inside captured block has been swapped (#420) - Fibers context switch is now faster, done with inline assembly.
libpcl
is no longer used - Allow annotating the type of class and global variables
- Support comments in ECR (thanks @ysbaddaden)
- Security improvements to
HTTP::StaticFileHandler
(thanks @MakeNowJust) - Moved
seek
,tell
,pos
andpos=
fromFile
toIO::FileDescriptor
(affectsTempfile
) URI.parse
is now faster (thanks @will)- Many bug fixes, some really old ones involving issues with order of declaration
- Fixed Directory Traversal Vulnerability in HTTP::StaticFileHandler (thanks @MakeNowJust)
- Added
Int#popcount
(thanks @rmosolgo) - Added
@[Naked]
attribute for omitting a method's prelude - Check that abstract methods are implemented by subtypes
- Some bug fixes
- (breaking change)
def
arguments must always be enclosed in parentheses - (breaking change) A space is now required before and after def return type restriction
- (breaking change) Renamed
Dir.working_dir
toDir.current
- (breaking change) Moved
HTML::Builder
to its own shard - (breaking change)
String#split
now always keeps all results (never drops trailing empty strings) - (breaking change) Removed
Array#buffer
,StaticArray#buffer
andSlice#buffer
. Useto_unsafe
instead (so unsafe usages are easier to spot) - (breaking change) Removed
String#cstr
. Useto_unsafe
instead (so unsafe usages are easier to spot) - Optimized Range#sum (thanks @MakeNowJust)
- Allow forward declarations for lib external vars
- Added
Int#to_s(base)
forbase = 62
(thanks @jhass) JSON.parse
now returnsJSON::Any
, which allows traversal of JSON objects with less casts- Added
OpenSSL::PKCS5
(thanks @benoist) - MemoryIO can now be created to read/write from a Slice(UInt8). In this mode MemoryIO can't be exapnded, and can optionally be written. And when creating a MemoryIO from a String, it's non-resizeable and read-only.
- Added
Object#!~
(the opposite of=~
) at_exit
now receives that exit status code in the block (thanks @MakeNowJust)- Allow using
Set
in JSON mappings (thanks @benoist) - Added
File.executable?
,File.readable?
andFile.writeable?
(thanks @mverzilli) Array#sort_by
andArray#sort_by!
now use a Schwartzian transform (thanks @radarek)- Added
Array#each_permutation
,Array#each_combination
andArray#each_repeated_combination
iterators - Added optional random argument to
Array#sample
andArray#shuffle
- The
delegate
macro can now delegate multiple methods to an object (thanks @elthariel) - Added basic YAML generation (thanks @porras)
- Docs search now finds nested entries (thanks @adlerhsieh)
- Many corrections and changes to the formatter, for better consistency and less obtrusion.
- Added
OpenSSL::Cipher
andOpenSSL::Digest
(thanks @benoist) - Added
Char#+(String)
(thanks @hangyas) - Added
Hash#key
andHash#key?
(thanks @adlerhsieh) - Added
Time::Span#*
andTime::Span#/
(thanks @jbaum98) - Added
Slice#reverse_each
(thanks @omninonsense) - Added docs for
Random
andTempfile
(thanks @adlerhsieh) - Fixed some bugs.
- (breaking change) The
CGI
module's funcionality has been moved toURI
andHTTP::Params
- (breaking change)
IO#read()
is nowIO#gets_to_end
. RemovedIO#read(count)
, addedIO#skip(count)
- (breaking change)
json_mapping
is nowJSON.mapping
.yaml_mapping
is nowYAML.mapping
- (breaking change)
StringIO
is nowMemoryIO
- Added
crystal tool format
that automatically formats your code protected
methods can now be invoked between types inside a same namespace- Removed
curses
, you can usehttps://github.com/jreinert/ncurses-crystal
to_unsafe
and numeric conversions are now also automatically performed in C struct and union fields- Added
{% begin %} ... {% end %}
as an alternative to{% if true %} ... {% end %}
- Added
~!
operator - Added debug metadata for char, float, bool and enums. Also for classes and structs (experimental)
Dir.glob
now works well with recursive patterns like**
(thanks @pgkos)- Added
read_timeout
andconnect_timeout
toHTTP::Client
(thanks @benoist) - Added
Zlib
(thanks @datanoise and @bcardiff) - Added
HTTP::DeflateHandler
(thanks @bcardiff) - Added
ENV#fetch
(thanks @tristil) Hash#new
now accepts an initialize capacity argumentHTTP::Request
provides access and mutation ofquery
,path
andquery_params
(thanks @waterlink)- Added
XML::Node#content=
and#name=
- Allow passing handlers and a block to an
HTTP::Server
(thanks @RX14) crystal init
now tries to use your github username if available (thanks @jreinert)- Added
Hash#select
,Hash#reject
and their bang variant, andHash#each_with_object
(thanks @devdazed) - Added
Hash#select(*keys)
andHash#reject(*keys)
and their bang variant (thanks @sdogruyol) - Added
Set#-
,Set#^
, andSet#subtract
(thanks @js-ojus) - Allow running specs without colors (thanks @rhysd)
- Added
TypeNode#has_constant?
andTypeNode#type_vars
in macros (thanks @jreinert) - Added
String#compare
that allows case insensitive comparisons - Added
File#truncate
(thanks @porras) CSV
is now a class for iterating rows, optionally with headers access- Allow setting multiple
before_request
callbacks to anHTTP::Client
- Added
Dir.cd(&block)
(thanks @rhysd) - Added
Class#cast
(thanks @will) - Fixes and additions to WebSocket, like the possibility of streaming data (thanks @jreinert)
- Added
SemanticVersion
class (thanks @technorama) loop
now yields a counter- Added
Array#[]=(index, count, value)
andArray#[]=(range, value)
- Added argless
sleep
IO#write(slice)
now writes the full slice or raises on error- Added some docs for ECR, Markdown, Hash, File, Time, Time::Span, Colorize, String, SecureRandom, YAML (thanks @adlerhsieh, @chdorner, @vjdhama, @rmosolgo)
- Many bug fixes
- (breaking change) Renamed a couple of types:
ChannelClosed
->Channel::ClosedError
,UnbufferedChannel
->Channel::Unbuffered
,BufferedChannel
->Channel::Buffered
,DayOfWeek
->Time::DayOfWeek
,MonthSpan
->Time::MonthSpan
,TimeSpan
->Time::Span
,TimeFormat
->Time::Format
,EmptyEnumerable
->Enumerable::EmptyError
,SocketError
->Socket::Error
,MatchData
->Regex::MatchData
,SignedInt
->Int::Signed
,UnsignedInt
->Int::Unsigned
,FileDescriptorIO
->IO::FileDescriptor
,BufferedIO
->IO::Buffered
,CharReader
->Char::Reader
,PointerAppender
->Pointer::Appender
. - (breaking change) All places that raised
DomainError
raiseArgumentError
now. - (breaking change) Renamed
Type.cast
toType.new
(for example,Int32.new
instead ofInt32.cast
) - (breaking change) Removed all macro instance variables except
@type
- (breaking change) Removed
undef
- (breaking change) Removed
length()
andcount()
methods from collections. The only method for this is nowsize
. - (breaking change) Removed the ability to invoke methods on a union class
- Improved debugger support
crystal deps
now delegates to shards. RemovedProjecfile
support.- Automatically convert numeric types when invoking C functions
- Automatically define questions methods for enum members
- Support quotes inside quoted symbols (thanks @wolflee)
- Allow marking
initialize
as private - Added
method_added
macro hook (thanks @MakeNowJust) - Added
ArrayLiteral#includes?(obj)
in macros - Added
ASTNode#symbolize
in macros (thanks @kirbyfan64) - Added experimental
yaml_mapping
- Added nilable variants to
Enumerable#max
,Enumerable#min
, and others (thanks @technorama) - Added
Iterator#flatten
(thanks @jpellerin) - Added setting a read timeout to
HTTP::Client
(thanks @benoist) - Added
Array#delete_at(index, count)
andArray#delete_at(range)
(thanks @tebakane) - Added
HTTP::Cookies
(thanks @netfeed) - Added
Tuple#reverse
(thanks @jhass) - Added
Number#clamp
(thanks @technorama) - Added serveral socket options (thanks @technorama)
- Added
WebSocket.open
(thanks @kumpelblase2) - Added
Enum.flags
macro - Added support for sending chunked content in HTTP server (thanks @bcardiff)
- Added
future
,lazy
anddelay
concurrency methods (thanks @technorama) fork
now returns aProcess
(thanks @technorama)- Documented
Set
, and added a couple of methods (thanks @will) - Nicer formatting in
Benchmark.ips
, and interactive mode (thanks @will) - The
-f
format output is now honored in compiler errors (thanks @kirbyfan64) - Fixed an ambiguity with the
crystal build
command (thanks @MakeNowJust) - Cast exceptions now raise
TypeCastError
instead ofException
(thanks @will) - Many bugs fixes
- (breaking change) Reimplemented
Process.run
to allow configuring input, output and error, as well as behaving well regarding non-blocking IO (thanks @technorama) - (breaking change) Removed the
alias_method
macro. - (breaking change) Disallow declaring defs, classes and other declarations "dynamically" (for example inside an
if
... this of course didn't work, but incorrectly compiled). - (breaking change)
require
is now only allowed at the top-level, never inside other types or methods. - (breaking change) Removed
Nil#to_i
- (breaking change) Changed API of
Channel#select
toward a thread-safe one. - (breaking change) The two methods that IO must implement are now
read(slice : Slice(UInt8))
andwrite(slice : Slice(UInt8))
. - New beautiful, searchable and more functional API docs. Thanks @rosylilly for the initial design, and @BlaxPirit for some improvements.
- CLI: Moved
browser
,hierarchy
andtypes
tocrystal tool ...
- Added
crystal tool context
andcrystal tool implementations
for IDEs (thanks @bcardiff!!) Int#>>(amount)
andInt#<<(amount)
now give zero whenamount
is greater than the number of bits of the integer representation.- Added
\%
escape sequence inside macros. - Added aliases for the many C types (thanks @BlaxPirit)
- Added
Iterator#in_groups_of
(thanks @PragTob) - Added optional
offset
argument toHash#each_with_index
(thanks @sergey-kucher) - Added
Array#combinations
,Array#each_combination
,Array#repeated_combinations
,Array#each_repeated_combination
,Array#repeated_permutations
,Array#each_repeated_permutation
,Array.product
andArray.each_product
(thanks @kostya) - Added
Array#rotate
andArray#rotate!
(thanks @kostya) - Added
MatchData#pre_match
andMatchData#post_match
(thanks @bjmllr) - Added
Array#flatten
- Added
Range.reverse_each
, along withInt#pred
andChar#pred
(thanks @BlaxPirit) - Added
XML.parse_html
(thanks @ryanworl) - Added
ENV.keys
andENV.values
(thanks @will) - Added
StaticArray==(other : StaticArray)
(thanks @tatey) - Added
String#sub
in many variants (thanks @jhass) - Added
Readline.bind_key
,Readline.unbind_key
,Readline.done
andReadline.done=
(thanks @daphee) - Added
Hash#all?
,Hash#any?
andHash#inject
(thanks @jreinert) - Added
File#pos
andFile#pos=
- Added
Enum.from_value
andEnum.from_value?
- Added
Deque
(thanks @BlaxPirit) - Added lots of methods to
StringScanner
, and documented it, making it usable (thanks @will) StringIO
now quacks like aFile
.- Allow sending masked data through a
WebSocket
, and sending long data (thanks @kumpelblase2) File.new
now accepts an optionalperm
argument (thanks @technorama)FileDescriptorIO
now has configurable read/write timeouts (thanks @technorama)- Signal handling is more robust and allows any kind of code (thanks @technorama)
- Correctly handle
WebSocket
close packet (thanks @bebac) - Correctly implement
seek
andtell
in buffered IOs (thanks @lbguilherme) - Allow setting several options on sockets (thanks @technorama)
- Some improvements to
crystal init
for the "app" case (thanks @krisleech) sleep
and IO timeouts can receiveTimeSpan
as arguments (thanks @BlaxPirit)- Handle
HTTP::Response
without content-length (thanks @lbguilherme) - Added docs for OptionParser, ENV, Regex, Enumerable, Iterator and some Array methods (thanks @porras, @will, @bjmllr, @PragTob, @decioferreira)
- Lots of bug fixes and small improvements
- (breaking change) removed support for trailing
while
/until
(read this) - (breaking change) Renamed
Enumerable#drop
toEnumerable#skip
- (breaking change) Renamed
Time.at
toTime.epoch
, andTime#to_i
andTime#to_f
toTime#epoch
andTime#epoch_f
- (breaking change)
inherited
macro now runs before a class' body - Renamed
--no-build
flag to--no-codegen
- Allow interpolations in heredocs (thanks @jessedoyle)
- Allow hash substitutions in
String#%
andsprintf
(thanks @zamith) - Added
SecureRandom.base64
,SecureRandom.urlsafe_base64
andSecureRandom.uuid
(thanks @ysbaddaden) - Added
File.link
,File.symlink
andFile.symlink?
(thanks @ysbaddaden) - Added
Enumerable#in_groups_of
(thanks @jalyna) - Added
Array#zip?
(thanks @yui-knk) - Added
Array#permutations
andArray#each_permutation
(thanks @jalyna and @kostya) - Added
IO#gets(limit : Int)
andIO#gets(delimiter : Char, limit : Int)
- Added
Iterator#compact_map
,Iterator#take_while
andIterator#skip_while
(thanks @PragTob) - Added
StringLiteral#to_i
macro method - Added
Crypto::Bcrypt
(thanks @akaufmann) - Added
Time.epoch_ms
andTime#epoch_ms
- Added
BitArray#toggle
andBitArray#invert
(thanks @will) - Fixed
IO#reopen
swapped semantic (thanks @technorama) - Many bug fixes and improvements
- (breaking change)
0
is not a prefix for octal numbers anymore. Use0o
- (breaking change) Renamed
MissingKey
toKeyError
- (breaking change) Renamed
IndexOutOfBounds
toIndexError
- Fixed all exception-handling related bugs.
- Allow nested and multiline ternary expressions (thanks @daviswahl)
- Allow assigning to
_
(underscore), give error when trying to read from it - Macros can now also receive the following nodes:
And
,Or
,Case
,RangeLiteral
andStringInterpolation
.And
andOr
haveleft
andright
methods. - Added
-e
option tohierarchy
command to filter types by a regex - Added
-v
as an alias of--version
- Added
-h
as an alias of--help
- Added
Array#transpose
(thanks @rhysd) - Added
Benchmark#ips
(thanks @will) - Added
Hash#merge(&block)
andHash#merge!(&block)
(thanks @yui-knk) - Added
Hash#invert
(thanks @yui-knk) - Added
Bool#^
(thanks @yui-knk) - Added
Enumerable#drop
,Enumerable#drop_while
andEnumerable#take_while
(thanks @PragTob) - Added
Enumerable#none?
(thanks @yui-knk) - Added
Set#subset?
,Set#superset?
andSet#intersects?
(thanks @yui-knk) - Added
Set#new(Enumerable)
(thanks @yui-knk) - Added
String#succ
(thanks @porras and @Exilor) - Added
Array#*
(thanks @porras) - Added
Char#===(Int)
andInt#===(Char)
(thanks @will) - Added
StringLiteral#camelcase
andStringLiteral#underscore
in macros - Added
Expressions#expressions
in macros - Added
Cast#obj
andCast#to
in macros - Added
ASTNode#class_name
in macros (thanks @yui-knk) - Added
Array#push
/Array#<<
andArray#unshift
in macros (thanks @ysbaddaden) - Added
Def#visibility
in macros (thanks @ysbaddaden) - Added
String#codepoints
andString#each_codepoint
(thanks @jhass) Char#to_i(base)
now supports bases from 2 to 36
- Flush
STDERR
on exit (thanks @jbbarth) HTTP::Client
methods accept an optional block, which will yield anHTTP::Response
with a non-nilbody_io
property to consume the response's IO- Document
URI
,UDPSocket
(thanks @davydovanton) - Improved
URI
class (thanks @will) - Define
$~
inString#gsub
andString#scan
- Define
$?
inProcess.run
- Lots of bug fixes and small improvements
- Added Float module and remainder (thanks @wmoxam)
- Show elapsed time in HTTP::LogHandler (thanks @zamith for the suggestion)
- Added
0o
as a prefix for octal numbers (thanks @asb) - Allow spaces before the closing tag of a heredoc (thanks @zamith)
String#split(Regex)
now includes captures in the results- Added
union?
,union_types
andtype_params
in macro methods - Improved
MatchData#to_s
to show named groups (thanks @will) - Optimized Base64 encode/decode (thanks @kostya)
- Added basic docs for spec (thanks @PragTob)
- Added docs for Benchmark (thanks @daneb)
- Added
ARGF
- Non-matching regex captures now return
nil
instead of an empty string (thanks @will) - Added
$1?
,$2?
, etc., as a nilable alternative to$1
,$2
, etc. - Added user, password, fragment and opaque to URI (thanks @will)
HTTP::Client.exec
now honors user/password info from URI- Set default user agent in
HTTP::Client
- Added
String#chop
- Fixed
crystal deps
behaviour with empty git repositories (thanks @tkrajcar) - Optimized
HTTP::Headers
andHTTP::Request
parsing. FileDescriptorIO
(superclass ofFile
andSocket
) has now buffering capabilities (usesync=
andsync?
to turn on/off). That means there's no need to useBufferedIO
for these classes anymore.- Allow
pointerof
with class and global variables, and alsofoo.@bar
access - Optimized fibers performance.
- Added inline assembly support.
- The
.crystal
cache dir is now configurable with an ENV variable (thanks @jhass) - Generic type variables names can now also be a single letter followed by a digit.
- Added
Tuple.from_json
andTuple.to_json
- The
method_missing
macro now accepts a 1 argument variant that is a Call node. The 3 arguments variant will be deprecated. - Flush STDOUT at program exit (fixes
print
not showing any output) - Added
Time#to_utc
andTime#to_local
(thanks @datanoise) - Time comparison is now correct when comparing local vs. utc times
- Support timezone offsets in Time parsing and formatting
- Added
IO#gets(delimiter : String)
- Added
String#chomp(Char)
andString#chomp(String)
- Allow invoking
debug()
inside a macro to see what's being generated. IO#puts
andIO#print
now receive a splat (thanks @rhysd)- Added
Process.kill
andProcess.getpgid
(thanks @barachy) Signal
is now an enum. Use it likeSignal::INT.trap { ... }
instead ofSignal.trap(Signal::INT) { ... }
- Added
CSV.each_row
(both in block and iterator forms) - Important fixes to non-blocking IO logic.
- Improved performance of Regex
- Fixed lexing of octal characters and strings (thanks @rhysd)
- Time.parse can return UTC times (thanks @will)
- Handle dashes in
crystal init
(thanks @niftyn8) - Generic type varaibles can now only be single letters (T, U, A, B, etc.)
- Support
%x
and%X
insprintf
(thanks @yyyc514) - Optimized
Int#to_s
(thanks @yyyc514) - Added
upcase
option toInt#to_s
, and use downcase by default. - Improved
String#to_i
and fixed the many variants (to_i8
,to_u64
, etc.) - Added
Time.at
(thanks @jeromegn) - Added
Int#upto
,Int#downto
,Int#to
iterators. - Added
Iterator#cons
andEnumerable#each_cons
(thanks @porras) - Added
Iterator.of
,Iterator#chain
andIterator#tap
. - Allow top-level
private macro
(similar to top-levelprivate def
) - Optimized
BufferedIO
writing performance and memory usage. - Added
Channel#close
,Channel#closed?
,Channel#receive?
and allow them to send/receive nil values (thanks @datanoise). - Fixed
Process#run
after introducing non-blocking IO (thanks @will) Tuple#map
now returns aTuple
(previously it returned anArray
)Tuple#class
now returns a properClass
(previously it returned aTuple
of classes)- Lots of bug fixes.
- Crystal has evented IO by default. Added
spawn
andChannel
. - Correctly support the X86_64 and X86 ABIs. Now bindings to C APIs that pass and return structs works perfectly fine.
- Added
crystal init
to quickly create a skeleton library or application (thanks @waterlink) - Added
--emit
flag to the compiler. Now you can easily see the generated LLVM IR, LLVM bitcode, assembly and object files. - Added
--no-color
flag to suppress color output, useful for editor tools. - Added macro vars:
%var
and%var{x, y}
create uniqely named variables inside macros. - Added typed splats.
- Added
Iterator
and many methods that return iterators, likeArray#each
,Hash#each
,Int#times
,Int#step
,String#each_char
, etc. - Added
sprintf
and improvedString#%
to support floats and float formatting. - Added more variants of
String#gsub
. - Added
Pointer#clear
and use it to clear anArray
's values when doingpop
and other shrinking methods. - Added
BigInt#to_s(base)
,BigInt::cast
and bit operators (thanks @Exilor) - Allow invoking methods on a union class as long as all types in the union have it.
- Allow specifying a def's return type. The compiler checks the return type only for that def for now (not for subclasses overrding the method). The return type appears in the documentation.
- Allow constants and computed constants for a StaticArray length.
- Allow class vars in enums.
- Allow private and protected defs in enums.
- Allow reopening a
lib
and adding more@[Link]
attributes to it, even allowing duplicated attributes. - Allow getting a function pointer to a lib fun without specifying its types (i.e.
->LibC.getenv
) - Allow specifying
ditto
for a doc comment to reuse the previous comment. - Changed the semantic of
%
: previously it meantremainder
, not it meansmodulo
, similar to Ruby and Python. AddedInt#remainder
. #to_s
and#inspect
now work for a union class.- Spec: added global
before_each
andafter_each
hooks, which will simplify the use of mocking libraries like timecop.cr and webmock.cr. Range(T)
is nowRange(B, E)
again (much more flexible).- Improved Regex performance.
- Better XML support.
- Support LLVM 3.6.
- Exception class is now shown on unhandled exceptions
- The following types are now disallowed in generics (for now): Object, Value, Reference, Number, Int and Float.
- Lots of bug fixes, enhancements and optimizations.
- The
class
method now works in all cases. You can now compare classes with==
and ask theirhash
value. - Block variables can now shadow local variables.
Range(B, E)
is nowRange(T)
.- Added
Number::[]
. Now you can doInt64[1, 2, 3]
instead of[1_i64, 2_i64, 3_u64]
. - Better detection of nilable instance variables, and better error messages too.
- Added
Crypto::Blowfish
(thanks @akaufmann) - Added
Matrix
(thanks @Exilor) - Added
CallConvention
attribute forfun
s. - Macros: added
constants
so you can inspect a type's constants at compile time. - Macros: added
methods
, which lists a type's methods (without including supertypes). - Macros: added
has_attribute?
for enum types, so you can check if an enum has the Flags attribute on it. - Many more small additions and bug fixes.
- Same as 0.5.10
- Note: This release makes core, breaking changes to the language, and doesn't work out of the box with its accompanying standard library. Use 0.6.0 instead.
- Improved error messages related to nilable instance variables.
- The magic variables
$~
and$?
are now method-local and concurrent-safe. Tuple
is now correctly considered a structPointer
is now correctly considered a struct- Renamed
Function
toProc
Random
is now a module, with static methods that default to theRandom::MT19937
class.- Added
Random::ISAAC
engine (thanks @ysbaddaden!) - Added
String#size
(thanks @zamith!) - Added
limit
to allString#split
variants (thanks @jhass!) - Raising inside a Thread is now rescued and re-raised on join (thanks @jhass!)
- Added
path
option to Projectfile forcrystal deps
(thanks @naps62!) - Many fixes towards making Crystal work on linux 32 bits.
- Huge refactors, additions and improvements for sockets: Socket, IPSocket, TCPSocket, TCPServer, UDPSocket, UNIXSocket, UNIXServer (thanks @ysbaddaden!)
- Allow regex with empty spaces in various places.
- Added
HTML.escape(String)
(thanks @naps62!) - Added support for
%w[...]
,%w{...}
,%w<...>
as alternatives to%w(...)
. Same goes for%i(...)
(thanks @zamith!) - Added
Enumerable#min_of
,Enumerable#max_of
andEnumerable#minmax_of
,Enumerable#to_h
,Dir.chdir
andNumber#fdiv
(thanks @jhass!) - Added
String#match
,String#[]
,String#[]?
andMatchData#[]?
related to regexes (thanks @jhass!) - Allow
T::Bar
when T is a generic type argument. - Added
subclasses
andall_subclasses
in macros. - Now you can invoke
to_s
andinspect
on C structs and unions, making debugging C bindings much easier! - Added
#to_f
and#to_i
toTime
andTimeSpan
(thanks @epitron!) - Added
IO.select
(thanks @jhass!) - Now you can use
ifdef
inside C structs and unions. - Added
include
inside C structs, to include other struct fields (useful for composition and avoiding an explicit indirection). - Added
Char#in_set?
,String#count
,String#delete
andString#squeeze
(thanks @jhass!) - Added
-D flag
option to the compiler to set compile-time flags to use inifdef
. - More support for forward declarations inside C libs.
- Rewritten some
Function
primitives in Crystal itself, and added methods for obtaining the pointer and closure data, as well as for recreating a function from these. - Added a
Logger
class (thanks @ysbaddaden!) - Lots of bugs fixed.
- Added
Random
andRandom::MT19937
(Mersenne Twister) classes (thanks @rhysd). - Docs: removed automatic linking. To link to classes and methods surround with backticks.
- Fixed #328:
!=
bug.
- Fixed:
doc
command had some hardcoded paths and didn't work - Added:
private def
at the top-level of a file is only available inside that file
- Added a
crystal doc
command to automatically generate documentation for a project using Markdown syntax. The style is still ugly but it's quite functional. Now we only need to start documenting things :-) - Removed the old
@:
attribute syntax. - Fixed #311: Issues with invoking lib functions in other ways (thanks @scidom).
- Fixed #314: NoReturn information is not lazy.
- Fixed #317: Fixes in UTF-8 encoding/decoding (thanks @yous).
- Fixed #319: Unexpected EOF (thanks @Exilor).
{{yield}}
inside macros now preserve the yielded node location, leading to much better error messages.- Added
Float#nan?
,Float#infinite?
andFloat#finite?
. - Many other bug fixes and improvements.
- Removed
src
and crystal compilerlibs
directory from CRYSTAL_PATH. - Several bug fixes.
- (breaking change)
require "foo"
always looks up inCRYSTAL_PATH
.require "./foo"
looks up relative to the requiring file. - (breaking change) Renamed
Json
toJSON
,Xml
toXML
andYaml
toYAML
to follow a convention. - (breaking change) To use HTTP types do, for example,
require "http/client"
instead of the oldrequire "net/http"
. - Added
alias_method
macro (thanks @Exilor and @jtomschroeder). - Added some
Complex
number methods and many math methods, refactors and specs (thanks @scidom). - Inheriting generic classes is now possible.
- Creating arrays of generic types (i.e.:
[] of Thread
) is now possible. - Allow using an alias in a block type (i.e.:
alias F = Int32 ->
,&block : F
). json_mapping
macro supports a simpler syntax:json_mapping({key1: Type1, key2: Type2})
.- Spec: added
be_a(type)
matcher. - Spec: added
be > ...
and similar matchers for>=
,<
and<=
. - Added
File::file?
andFile::directory?
. - CSV parser can parse from String or IO.
- When invoking the compiler like this:
crystal foo.cr -o foo
thebuild
command is assumed instead ofrun
. - Added short symbol notation for methods that are operators (i.e.
:+
,:*
,:[]
, etc.). - Added
TimeSpan#ago
,TimeSpan#from_now
,MonthSpan#ago
andMonthSpan#from_now
.
- Spec: when a
should
orshould_not
fail, the filename and line number, including the source's line, is included in the error message. - Spec: added
-l
switch to be able to run a spec defined in a line. - Added
crystal spec file:line
- Properties (property, setter, getter) can now be restricted to a type with the syntax
property name :: Type
. - Enums can be used outside
lib
. They inheritEnum
, can have methods and can be marked with @[Flags]. - Removed the distinction between
lib
enums and regular enums. - Fixed: it was incorrectly possible to define
class
,def
, etc. inside a call block. - The syntax for specifying the base type of an enum,
enum Name < BaseType
has been deprecated. Useenum Name : BaseType
. - Added
Array#<=>
and make it comparable to other arrays.
- New command line interface to the compiler (
crystal build ...
,crystal run ...
,crystal spec
, etc.). The default is to compiler and run a program. crystal eval
without arguments reads from standard input.- Added preliminar
crystal deps
command. __FILE__
,__DIR__
and__LINE__
, when used as def default arguments, resolve to the caller location (similar to D and Swift)- Allow
as
to determine a type even if the casted value doesn't have a type yet. - Added
is_a?
in macros. The check is against an AST node name. For examplenode.is_a?(HashLiteral)
. - Added
emit_null
property tojson_mapping
. - Added
converter
property tojson_mapping
. - Added
pp
in macros. - Added
to_pretty_json
. - Added really basic
CSV.parse
. - Added
Regex.escape
. - Added
String#scan
. - Added
-e
switch to spec, to run specs that match a pattern. - Added
--fail-fast
swtich to spec. - Added
HTTPClient#basic_auth
. - Added
DeclareVar
,Def
andArg
macro methods. - Added
Time
andTimeSpan
structs.TimeWithZone
will come later. - Added
Array#fill
(thanks @Exilor). - Added
Array#uniq
. - Optimized
File.read_lines
. - Allow any expression inside
{% ... %}
so that you can intepret code without outputting the result. - Allow
\
at the end of a line. - Allow using
if
andunless
inside macro expressions. - Allow marking a
fun/def
as@[Raises]
(useful when a function can potentially raise from a callback). - Allow procs are now considered
@[Raises]
. OAuth2::Client
supports getting an access token via authorization code or refresh token.- Consecutive string literals are automatically concatenated by the parser as long as there is a
\
with a newline between them. - Many bug fixes.
- Added json_mapping macro.
- Added Signal module.
- Added Tempfile class.
- Enhanced HTTP::Client.
- Added OAuth::Consumer.
- Added OAuth2::Client.
- Added OpenSSL::HMAC.
- Added SecureRandom.
- New syntax for array/hash-like classes. For example:
Set {1, 2, 3}
andHTTP::Headers {"content-type": "text/plain"}
. These just create the type and use<<
or[]=
. - Optimized Json parsing performance.
- Added a CSV builder.
- XML reader can parse from an IO.
- Added
Dir::glob
andDir::Entries
(thanks @jhass) - Allow
ensure
as an expression suffix. - Fixed #219: Proc type is not inferred when passing to library fun and the return type doesn't match.
- Fixed #224: Class#new doesn't pass a block.
- Fixed #225: ICE when comparing void to something.
- Fixed #227: Nested captured block looses scope and crashes compiler.
- Fixed #228: Macro expansion doesn't retain symbol escaping as needed.
- Fixed #229: Can't change block context if defined within module context.
- Fixed #230: Type interference breaks equality operator.
- Fixed #233: Incorrect
no block given
message with new. - Other bug fixes.
- String overhaul, and optimizations
- Define backtick (`) for command execution.
- Allow string literals as keys in hash literals:
{"foo": "bar"} # :: Hash(String, String)
- Allow
ifdef
as a suffix. - Integer division by zero raises a
DivisionByZero
exception. - Link attributes are now only processed if a lib function is used.
- Removed the
type Name : Type
syntax (usetype Name = Type
instead). - Removed the
lib Lib("libname"); end
syntax. Use@[Link]
attribute instead. - Fixed some
require
issues. - String representation includes length.
- Upgraded to LLVM 3.5.
- Fixed #193: allow initializing an enum value with another's one.
- The
record
macro is now variadic, so instead ofrecord Vec3, [x, y, z]
writerecord Vec3, x, y, z
. - The
def_equals
,def_hash
anddef_equals_and_hash
macros are now variadic. - The
property
,getter
andsetter
macros are now variadic. - All String methods are now UTF-8 aware.
String#length
returns the number of characters, whileString#bytesize
return the number of bytes (previouslylength
returned the number of bytes andbytesize
didn't exist).String#[](index)
now returns aChar
instead of anUInt8
, where index is counted in characters. There's alsoString#byte_at(index)
.- Removed the
\x
escape sequence in char and string literals. Use\u
instead. initialize
methods are now protected.- Added
IO#gets_to_end
. - Added backticks (
...
) and%x(...)
for command execution. - Added
%r(...)
for regular expression literals. - Allow interpolations in regular expresion literals.
- Compiling with
--release
sets arelease
flag that you can test withifdef
. - Allow passing splats to C functions
- A C type can now be declared like
type Name = Type
(type Name : Type
will be deprecated). - Now a C struct/union type can be created with named arguments.
- New attributes syntax:
@[Attr(...)
] instead of@:Attr
. The old syntax will be deprecated in a future release. - New link syntax for C libs:
@[Link("name")]
(usesname
aspkg-config name
if available or-lname
instead),@[Link(ldflags: "...")]
to pass raw flags to the linker,@[Link("name", static: true)]
to try to find a static library first, and@[Link(framework: "AppKit")]
(for Mac OSX). - Added an
exec
method to execute shell commands. Added thesystem
andbacktick
similar to Ruby ones. - Added
be_truthy
andbe_falsey
spec matchers. AddedArray#zip
without a block. (thanks @mjgpy3) - Added
getter?
andproperty?
macros to create methods that end with?
. - Added a
CGI
module. - The compiler now only depends on
cc
for compiling (removed dependency tollc
,opt
,llvm-dis
andclang
). - Added
IO#tty?
. - Some bug fixes.
- Reverted a commit that introduced random crashes.
- Fixed #187: mixing
yield
andblock.call
crashes the compiler. - Added
\u
unicode escape sequences inside strings and chars (similar to Ruby).\x
will be deprecated as it can generate strings with invalid UTF-8 byte sequences. - Added
String#chars
. - Fixed: splats weren't working in
initialize
. - Added the
private
andprotected
visibility modifiers, with the same semantics as Ruby. The difference is that you must place them before adef
or a macro call. - Some bug fixes.
- Fixed #185:
-e
flag stopped working. - Added a
@length
compile-time variable available inside tuples that allows to do loop unrolling. - Some bug fixes.
- Support splats in macros.
- Support splats in defs and calls.
- Added named arguments.
- Renamed the
make_named_tuple
macro torecord
. - Added
def_equals
,def_hash
anddef_equals_and_hash
macros to generate them from a list of fields. - Added
Slice(T)
, which is a struct having a pointer and a length. Use this in IO for a safe API. - Some
StaticArray
fixes and enhancements.
- (breaking change) Removed the special
->
operator for pointers of structs/unions: instead offoo->bar
usefoo.value.bar
; instead offoo->bar = 1
usefoo.value.bar = 1
. - Added
colorize
file that provides methods to easily output bash colors. - Now you can use modules as generic type arguments (for example, do
x = [] of IO
). - Added SSL sockets. Now HTTP::Server implements HTTPS.
- Macros have access to constants and types.
- Allow iterating a range in macros with
for
. - Use cpu cycle counter to initialize random.
method_missing
now works in generic types.- Fixed #154: bug, constants are initialized before global variables.
- Fixed #168: incorrect type inference of instance variables if not assigned in superclass.
- Fixed #169:
responds_to?
wasn't working with generic types. - Fixed #171: ensure blocks are not executed if the rescue block returns from a def.
- Fixed #175: invalid code generated when using with/yield with structs.
- Fixed some parser issues and other small issues.
- Allow forward struct/union declarations in libs.
- Added
String#replace(Regex, String)
- Added a
Box(T)
class, useful for boxing value types to pass them to C asVoid*
.
- Fixed #165: restrictions with generic types didn't work for hierarchy types.
- Allow using a single underscore in restrictions, useful for matching against an n-tuple or an n-function where you don't care about the types (e.g.:
def foo(x : {_, _})
. - Added a
generate_hash
macro that generates ahash
methods based on some AST nodes. - Added very basic
previous_def
: similar tosuper
, but uses the previous definition of a method. Useful to decorate existing methods (similar toalias_method_chain
). For now the method's type restrictions must match for a previous definition to be found. - Made the compiler a bit faster
- Added
env
in macros, to fetch an environment value. Returns a StringLiteral if found or NilLiteral if not. - Make
return 1, 2
be the same asreturn {1, 2}
. Same goes withbreak
andnext
. - Added
Pointer#as_enumerable(size : Int)
to create anEnumerable
from a Pointer with an associated size, with zero overhead. Some methods removed fromPointer
:each
,map
,to_a
,index
. - Added
StaticArray::new
,StaticArray::new(value)
,StaticArray::new(&block)
,StaticArray#shuffle!
andStaticArray#map!
. - Faster
Char#to_s(io : IO)
- Allow implicit conversion to C types by defining a
to_unsafe
method. This removed the hardcoded rule for converting aString
toUInt8*
and also allows passing anArray(T)
to an argument expectingPointer(T)
. - Fixed
.is_a?(Class)
not working (#162) - Attributes are now associated to AST nodes in the semantic pass, not during parsing. This allows macros to generate attributes that will be attached to subsequent expressions.
- (breaking change) Make ENV#[] raise on missing key, and added ENV#[]?
- (breaking change) Macro defs are now written like
macro def name(args) : ReturnType
instead ofdef name(args) : ReturnType
, which was a bit confusing.
- Integer literals without a suffix are inferred to be Int32, Int64 or UInt64 depending on their value.
- Check that integer literals fit into their types.
- Put back
Int#to_s(radix : Int)
(was renamed toto_s_in_base
in the previous release) by also specifying a restriction inInt#to_s(io : IO)
. - Added
expect_raises
macros in specs
- (breaking change) Replaced
@name
inside macros with@class_name
. - (breaking change) Instance variables inside macros now don't have the
@
symbols in their names.
- Added
Array#each_index
- Optimized
String#*
for the case when the string has length one. - Use
GC.malloc_atomic
for String and String::Buffer (as they don't contain internal pointers.) - Added a
PointerAppender
struct to easily append to aPointer
while counting at the same time (thanks @kostya for the idea). - Added a
Base64
module (thanks @kostya) - Allow default arguments in macros
- Allow invoking
new
on a function type. For example:alias F = Int32 -> Int32; f = F.new { |x| x + 1 }; f.call(2) #=> 3
. - Allow omitting function argument types when invoking C functions that accept functions as arguments.
- Renamed
@name
to@class_name
inside macros.@name
will be deprecated in the next version. - Added IO#read_fully
- Macro hooks:
inherited
,included
andextended
method_missing
macro- Added
{{ raise ... }}
inside macros to issue a compile error. - Started JSON serialization and deserialization
- Now
at_exit
handlers are run when you invokeexit
- Methods can be marked as abstract
- New convention for
to_s
andinspect
: you must override them receiving an IO object - StringBuilder and StringBuffer have been replaced by StringIO
-
Removed icr (a REPL): it is abandoned for the moment because it was done in a hacky, non-reliable way
-
Added very basic
String#underscore
andString#camelcase
. -
The parser generates string literals out of strings with interpolated string literals. For example,
"#{__DIR__}/foo"
is interpolated at compile time and generates a string literal with the full path, since__DIR__
is just a (special) string literal. -
(breaking change) Now macro nodes are always pasted as is. If you want to generate an id use
{{var.id}}
.Previously, a code like this:
macro foo(name) def {{name}}; end end foo :hello foo "hello" foo hello
generated this:
def hello; end def hello; end def hello; end
With this change, it generates this:
def :hello; end def "hello"; end def hello; end
Now, to get an identifier out of a symbol literal, string literal or a name, use id:
macro foo(name) def {{name.id}}; end end
Although it's longer to type, the implicit "id" call was sometimes confusing. Explicit is better than implicit.
Invoking
id
on any other kind of node has no effect on the pasted result. -
Allow escaping curly braces inside macros with
\{
. This allows defining macros that, when expanded, can contain other macro expressions. -
Added a special comment-like pragma to change the lexer's filename, line number and column number.
# foo.cr a = 1 #<loc:"bar.cr",12,24>b = 2 c = 3
In the previous example,
b = 2
(and the rest of the file) is considered as being parsed from filebar.cr
at line 12, column 24. -
Added a special
run
call inside macros. This compiles and executes another Crystal program and pastes its output into the current program.As an example, consider this program:
# foo.cr {{ run("my_program", 1, 2, 3) }}
Compiling
foo.cr
will, at compile-time, compilemy_program.cr
and execute it with arguments1 2 3
. The output of that execution is pasted intofoo.cr
at that location. -
Added ECR (Embedded Crystal) support. This is implemented using the special
run
macro call.A small example:
# template.ecr Hello <%= @msg %>
# foo.cr require "ecr/macros" class HelloView def initialize(@msg) end # This generates a to_s method with the contents of template.ecr ecr_file "template.ecr" end view = HelloView.new "world!" view.to_s #=> "Hello world!"
The nice thing about this is that, using the
#<loc...>
pragma for specifying the lexer's location, if you have a syntax/semantic error in the template the error points to the template :-)
- First official release