diff --git a/fbpcf/io/FileManagerUtil.cpp b/fbpcf/io/FileManagerUtil.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 230ba2ad..00000000
--- a/fbpcf/io/FileManagerUtil.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
- *
- * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
- * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
- */
-
-#include "FileManagerUtil.h"
-
-#include "LocalFileManager.h"
-#include "S3FileManager.h"
-#include "fbpcf/aws/S3Util.h"
-
-namespace fbpcf::io {
-std::unique_ptr<IInputStream> getInputStream(const std::string& fileName) {
-  auto manager = getFileManager(fileName);
-  return manager->getInputStream(fileName);
-}
-
-std::string read(const std::string& fileName) {
-  auto manager = getFileManager(fileName);
-  return manager->read(fileName);
-}
-
-void write(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& data) {
-  auto manager = getFileManager(fileName);
-  return manager->write(fileName, data);
-}
-
-FileType getFileType(const std::string& fileName) {
-  // S3 file format: https://bucket-name.s3.Region.amazonaws.com/key-name
-  return fileName.find("https://", 0) == 0 ? FileType::S3 : FileType::Local;
-}
-
-std::unique_ptr<fbpcf::IFileManager> getFileManager(
-    const std::string& fileName) {
-  auto type = getFileType(fileName);
-  if (type == FileType ::S3) {
-    const auto& ref = fbpcf::aws::uriToObjectReference(fileName);
-    // Other options have to be set via environment variables
-    return std::make_unique<S3FileManager>(fbpcf::aws::createS3Client(
-        fbpcf::aws::S3ClientOption{.region = ref.region}));
-  } else {
-    return std::make_unique<LocalFileManager>();
-  }
-}
-} // namespace fbpcf::io
diff --git a/fbpcf/io/FileManagerUtil.h b/fbpcf/io/FileManagerUtil.h
deleted file mode 100644
index fa6cd3e8..00000000
--- a/fbpcf/io/FileManagerUtil.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
- *
- * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
- * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <memory>
-#include <string>
-
-#include "IFileManager.h"
-#include "IInputStream.h"
-
-namespace fbpcf::io {
-enum class FileType { Local, S3 };
-
-std::unique_ptr<IInputStream> getInputStream(const std::string& fileName);
-
-std::string read(const std::string& fileName);
-
-void write(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& data);
-
-FileType getFileType(const std::string& fileName);
-
-std::unique_ptr<fbpcf::IFileManager> getFileManager(
-    const std::string& fileName);
-} // namespace fbpcf::io
diff --git a/fbpcf/io/GCSFileManager.h b/fbpcf/io/GCSFileManager.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 44b85082..00000000
--- a/fbpcf/io/GCSFileManager.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
- *
- * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
- * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <google/cloud/storage/client.h>
-
-#include <fbpcf/exception/GcpException.h>
-#include <fbpcf/gcp/GCSUtil.h>
-#include "IInputStream.h"
-#include "fbpcf/io/IFileManager.h"
-
-#include <google/cloud/storage/download_options.h>
-#include <memory>
-#include <sstream>
-
-#include "fbpcf/exception/GcpException.h"
-#include "fbpcf/gcp/GCSUtil.h"
-#include "fbpcf/io/GCSInputStream.h"
-
-namespace gcs = ::google::cloud::storage;
-
-namespace fbpcf {
-template <class ClientCls>
-class GCSFileManager : public IFileManager {
- public:
-  explicit GCSFileManager(std::shared_ptr<ClientCls> client)
-      : GCSClient_{std::move(client)} {}
-
-  std::unique_ptr<IInputStream> getInputStream(
-      const std::string& fileName) override;
-
-  std::string readBytes(
-      const std::string& fileName,
-      std::size_t start,
-      std::size_t end) override;
-
-  std::string read(const std::string& fileName) override;
-
-  void write(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& data) override;
-
-  void copy(const std::string& sourceFile, const std::string& destination)
-      override;
-
- private:
-  std::shared_ptr<ClientCls> GCSClient_;
-};
-
-template <class ClientCls>
-std::unique_ptr<IInputStream> GCSFileManager<ClientCls>::getInputStream(
-    const std::string& fileName) {
-  const auto& ref = fbpcf::gcp::uriToObjectReference(fileName);
-
-  auto outcome = GCSClient_->ReadObject(ref.bucket, ref.key, gcs::ReadRange());
-  if (!outcome.status().ok()) {
-    throw GcpException{outcome.status().message()};
-  }
-
-  return std::make_unique<GCSInputStream>(std::move(outcome));
-}
-
-template <class ClientCls>
-std::string GCSFileManager<ClientCls>::readBytes(
-    const std::string& fileName,
-    std::size_t start,
-    std::size_t end) {
-  const auto& ref = fbpcf::gcp::uriToObjectReference(fileName);
-
-  auto outcome =
-      GCSClient_->ReadObject(ref.bucket, ref.key, gcs::ReadRange(start, end));
-  if (!outcome.status().ok()) {
-    throw GcpException{outcome.status().message()};
-  }
-  std::stringstream ss;
-  ss << outcome.rdbuf();
-  return ss.str();
-}
-
-template <class ClientCls>
-std::string GCSFileManager<ClientCls>::read(const std::string& fileName) {
-  auto stream = getInputStream(fileName);
-  std::stringstream ss;
-  ss << stream->get().rdbuf();
-  return ss.str();
-}
-
-template <class ClientCls>
-void GCSFileManager<ClientCls>::write(
-    const std::string& fileName,
-    const std::string& data) {
-  const auto& ref = fbpcf::gcp::uriToObjectReference(fileName);
-
-  auto writer = GCSClient_->WriteObject(ref.bucket, ref.key);
-
-  writer << data;
-  writer.Close();
-  if (!writer.metadata()) {
-    throw GcpException{writer.metadata().status().message()};
-  }
-}
-
-template <class ClientCls>
-void GCSFileManager<ClientCls>::copy(
-    const std::string& sourceFile,
-    const std::string& destination) {
-  const auto& ref = fbpcf::gcp::uriToObjectReference(destination);
-  auto uploader = GCSClient_->UploadFile(sourceFile, ref.bucket, ref.key);
-  if (!uploader) {
-    throw GcpException{uploader.status().message()};
-  }
-}
-} // namespace fbpcf
diff --git a/fbpcf/io/GCSInputStream.cpp b/fbpcf/io/GCSInputStream.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index f55e7f87..00000000
--- a/fbpcf/io/GCSInputStream.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
- *
- * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
- * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
- */
-
-#include "fbpcf/io/GCSInputStream.h"
-
-#include <istream>
-
-namespace fbpcf {
-std::istream& GCSInputStream::get() {
-  return s_;
-}
-} // namespace fbpcf
diff --git a/fbpcf/io/GCSInputStream.h b/fbpcf/io/GCSInputStream.h
deleted file mode 100644
index a4e4ec46..00000000
--- a/fbpcf/io/GCSInputStream.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
- *
- * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
- * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <google/cloud/storage/object_read_stream.h>
-#include <istream>
-
-#include "fbpcf/io/IInputStream.h"
-namespace gcs = ::google::cloud::storage;
-namespace fbpcf {
-class GCSInputStream : public IInputStream {
- public:
-  explicit GCSInputStream(gcs::ObjectReadStream&& s) : s_{std::move(s)} {}
-
-  std::istream& get() override;
-
- private:
-  gcs::ObjectReadStream s_;
-};
-} // namespace fbpcf
diff --git a/fbpcf/io/IFileManager.h b/fbpcf/io/IFileManager.h
deleted file mode 100644
index e36a05be..00000000
--- a/fbpcf/io/IFileManager.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
- *
- * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
- * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <istream>
-#include <memory>
-#include <string>
-
-#include "IInputStream.h"
-
-namespace fbpcf {
-class IFileManager {
- public:
-  virtual ~IFileManager() {}
-
-  virtual std::unique_ptr<IInputStream> getInputStream(
-      const std::string& fileName) = 0;
-
-  virtual std::string read(const std::string& fileName) = 0;
-
-  virtual void write(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& data) = 0;
-
-  virtual void copy(
-      const std::string& sourceFile,
-      const std::string& destination) = 0;
-
-  virtual std::string readBytes(
-      const std::string& fileName,
-      std::size_t start,
-      std::size_t end) = 0;
-};
-} // namespace fbpcf
diff --git a/fbpcf/io/IInputStream.h b/fbpcf/io/IInputStream.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 735a6b21..00000000
--- a/fbpcf/io/IInputStream.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
- *
- * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
- * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <istream>
-
-namespace fbpcf {
-class IInputStream {
- public:
-  virtual ~IInputStream() {}
-
-  virtual std::istream& get() = 0;
-};
-} // namespace fbpcf
diff --git a/fbpcf/io/LocalFileManager.cpp b/fbpcf/io/LocalFileManager.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index f37e5c9a..00000000
--- a/fbpcf/io/LocalFileManager.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
- *
- * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
- * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
- */
-
-#include "LocalFileManager.h"
-
-#include <filesystem>
-#include <fstream>
-#include <memory>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <string>
-
-#include "folly/Format.h"
-
-#include "LocalInputStream.h"
-#include "fbpcf/exception/PcfException.h"
-
-namespace fbpcf {
-std::unique_ptr<IInputStream> LocalFileManager::getInputStream(
-    const std::string& fileName) {
-  std::ifstream is{fileName, std::ios_base::binary};
-
-  if (is.fail()) {
-    throw PcfException{folly::sformat("Failed to open file {}", fileName)};
-  }
-
-  return std::make_unique<LocalInputStream>(std::move(is));
-}
-
-std::string LocalFileManager::read(const std::string& fileName) {
-  auto stream = getInputStream(fileName);
-  std::stringstream ss;
-  ss << stream->get().rdbuf();
-
-  return ss.str();
-}
-
-void LocalFileManager::write(
-    const std::string& fileName,
-    const std::string& data) {
-  std::filesystem::path filePath{fileName};
-  std::filesystem::create_directories(filePath.parent_path());
-  std::ofstream os{fileName};
-  if (!os.is_open()) {
-    throw PcfException{folly::sformat("Failed to open file {}", fileName)};
-  }
-
-  os << data;
-}
-
-void LocalFileManager::copy(
-    const std::string& sourceFile,
-    const std::string& destination) {
-  auto fileData = read(sourceFile);
-  write(destination, fileData);
-}
-
-std::string LocalFileManager::readBytes(
-    const std::string& fileName,
-    std::size_t start,
-    std::size_t end) {
-  if (start > end) {
-    throw PcfException{folly::sformat(
-        "Start byte: <{}> is larger than the end: <{}>", start, end)};
-  }
-  auto stream = getInputStream(fileName);
-  std::istream& is = stream->get();
-
-  // get length of file
-  is.seekg(0, std::ios::end);
-  size_t length = is.tellg();
-  if (start > length) {
-    throw PcfException{folly::sformat(
-        "Start byte: <{}> is larger than the length: <{}>", start, length)};
-  }
-  is.seekg(start, std::ios::beg);
-
-  auto validatedEnd = std::min(length, end);
-  size_t bufferLength = validatedEnd - start;
-
-  char buffer[bufferLength + 1];
-
-  // read data as a block:
-  if (is.readsome(buffer, bufferLength) != bufferLength) {
-    throw PcfException{
-        folly::sformat(
-            "Hit exception when trying to read bytes from {}", fileName),
-    };
-  }
-
-  buffer[bufferLength] = '\0';
-
-  std::string s{buffer};
-  return s;
-}
-} // namespace fbpcf
diff --git a/fbpcf/io/LocalFileManager.h b/fbpcf/io/LocalFileManager.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 2f315728..00000000
--- a/fbpcf/io/LocalFileManager.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
- *
- * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
- * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <memory>
-
-#include "IFileManager.h"
-
-namespace fbpcf {
-class LocalFileManager : public IFileManager {
- public:
-  std::unique_ptr<IInputStream> getInputStream(
-      const std::string& fileName) override;
-
-  std::string read(const std::string& fileName) override;
-
-  void write(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& data) override;
-
-  void copy(const std::string& sourceFile, const std::string& destination)
-      override;
-
-  std::string
-  readBytes(const std::string& fileName, std::size_t start, std::size_t end);
-};
-} // namespace fbpcf
diff --git a/fbpcf/io/LocalInputStream.cpp b/fbpcf/io/LocalInputStream.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 6c494a00..00000000
--- a/fbpcf/io/LocalInputStream.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
- *
- * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
- * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
- */
-
-#include "LocalInputStream.h"
-
-#include <istream>
-
-namespace fbpcf {
-std::istream& LocalInputStream::get() {
-  return is_;
-}
-} // namespace fbpcf
diff --git a/fbpcf/io/LocalInputStream.h b/fbpcf/io/LocalInputStream.h
deleted file mode 100644
index a8fcd9dc..00000000
--- a/fbpcf/io/LocalInputStream.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
- *
- * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
- * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <fstream>
-#include <memory>
-
-#include "IInputStream.h"
-
-namespace fbpcf {
-class LocalInputStream : public IInputStream {
- public:
-  explicit LocalInputStream(std::ifstream is) : is_{std::move(is)} {}
-
-  std::istream& get() override;
-
- private:
-  std::ifstream is_;
-};
-} // namespace fbpcf
diff --git a/fbpcf/io/MockFileManager.h b/fbpcf/io/MockFileManager.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 993929e7..00000000
--- a/fbpcf/io/MockFileManager.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
- *
- * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
- * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <gmock/gmock.h>
-
-#include "IFileManager.h"
-
-namespace fbpcf {
-class MockFileManager : public IFileManager {
- public:
-  MOCK_METHOD1(read, std::string(const std::string& fileName));
-
-  MOCK_METHOD2(
-      write,
-      void(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& data));
-};
-} // namespace fbpcf
diff --git a/fbpcf/io/S3FileManager.cpp b/fbpcf/io/S3FileManager.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index ddfe5462..00000000
--- a/fbpcf/io/S3FileManager.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
- *
- * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
- * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
- */
-
-#include "S3FileManager.h"
-
-#include <fstream>
-#include <istream>
-#include <memory>
-#include <sstream>
-
-#include <aws/s3/model/GetObjectRequest.h>
-#include <aws/s3/model/PutObjectRequest.h>
-#include <string>
-
-#include "LocalFileManager.h"
-#include "S3InputStream.h"
-#include "fbpcf/aws/S3Util.h"
-#include "fbpcf/exception/AwsException.h"
-
-namespace fbpcf {
-
-std::unique_ptr<IInputStream> S3FileManager::getInputStream(
-    const std::string& fileName) {
-  const auto& ref = fbpcf::aws::uriToObjectReference(fileName);
-  Aws::S3::Model::GetObjectRequest request;
-  request.SetBucket(ref.bucket);
-  request.SetKey(ref.key);
-
-  auto outcome = s3Client_->GetObject(request);
-  if (!outcome.IsSuccess()) {
-    throw AwsException{outcome.GetError().GetMessage()};
-  }
-
-  return std::make_unique<S3InputStream>(outcome.GetResultWithOwnership());
-}
-
-std::string S3FileManager::readBytes(
-    const std::string& fileName,
-    std::size_t start,
-    std::size_t end) {
-  const auto& ref = fbpcf::aws::uriToObjectReference(fileName);
-  Aws::S3::Model::GetObjectRequest request;
-  std::stringstream ss;
-  // NOTE: The AWS API uses a closed interval [a, b] to request a range while
-  // C++ string (and most "normal" programming APIs) use a half-open interval
-  // [a, b). Therefore, we subtract one here to make this usage consistent with
-  // other APIs. If the user passes in readBytes(path, 0, 4), we would expect
-  // to generate the range "bytes=0-3"
-  ss << "bytes=" << start << '-' << (end - 1);
-  request.SetBucket(ref.bucket);
-  request.SetKey(ref.key);
-  request.SetRange(ss.str());
-
-  auto outcome = s3Client_->GetObject(request);
-  if (!outcome.IsSuccess()) {
-    throw AwsException{outcome.GetError().GetMessage()};
-  }
-
-  auto stream =
-      std::make_unique<S3InputStream>(outcome.GetResultWithOwnership());
-  std::stringstream ss2;
-  ss2 << stream->get().rdbuf();
-  return ss2.str();
-}
-
-std::string S3FileManager::read(const std::string& fileName) {
-  auto stream = getInputStream(fileName);
-  std::stringstream ss;
-  ss << stream->get().rdbuf();
-  return ss.str();
-}
-
-void S3FileManager::write(
-    const std::string& fileName,
-    const std::string& data) {
-  auto ss = std::make_shared<std::stringstream>(data);
-  writeDataStream(fileName, ss);
-}
-
-void S3FileManager::copy(
-    const std::string& sourceFile,
-    const std::string& destination) {
-  std::shared_ptr<std::iostream> sourceData = std::make_shared<std::fstream>(
-      sourceFile.c_str(), std::ios_base::in | std::ios_base::binary);
-  writeDataStream(destination, sourceData);
-}
-
-void S3FileManager::writeDataStream(
-    const std::string& fileName,
-    std::shared_ptr<std::basic_iostream<char, std::char_traits<char>>>
-        dataStream) {
-  const auto& ref = fbpcf::aws::uriToObjectReference(fileName);
-  Aws::S3::Model::PutObjectRequest request;
-  request.SetBucket(ref.bucket);
-  request.SetKey(ref.key);
-  request.SetBody(dataStream);
-  auto outcome = s3Client_->PutObject(request);
-
-  if (!outcome.IsSuccess()) {
-    throw AwsException{outcome.GetError().GetMessage()};
-  }
-}
-} // namespace fbpcf
diff --git a/fbpcf/io/S3FileManager.h b/fbpcf/io/S3FileManager.h
deleted file mode 100644
index a66b5d1d..00000000
--- a/fbpcf/io/S3FileManager.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
- *
- * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
- * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <memory>
-
-#include <aws/s3/S3Client.h>
-#include <sstream>
-
-#include "IFileManager.h"
-#include "IInputStream.h"
-
-namespace fbpcf {
-class S3FileManager : public IFileManager {
- public:
-  explicit S3FileManager(std::unique_ptr<Aws::S3::S3Client> client)
-      : s3Client_{std::move(client)} {}
-
-  std::unique_ptr<IInputStream> getInputStream(
-      const std::string& fileName) override;
-
-  std::string
-  readBytes(const std::string& fileName, std::size_t start, std::size_t end);
-  std::string read(const std::string& fileName) override;
-
-  void write(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& data) override;
-
-  void copy(const std::string& sourceFile, const std::string& destination)
-      override;
-
-  void writeDataStream(
-      const std::string& fileName,
-      std::shared_ptr<std::basic_iostream<char, std::char_traits<char>>>
-          dataStream);
-
- private:
-  std::unique_ptr<Aws::S3::S3Client> s3Client_;
-};
-} // namespace fbpcf
diff --git a/fbpcf/io/S3InputStream.cpp b/fbpcf/io/S3InputStream.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 243c4d9e..00000000
--- a/fbpcf/io/S3InputStream.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
- *
- * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
- * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
- */
-
-#include "S3InputStream.h"
-
-#include <istream>
-
-namespace fbpcf {
-std::istream& S3InputStream::get() {
-  return r_.GetBody();
-}
-} // namespace fbpcf
diff --git a/fbpcf/io/S3InputStream.h b/fbpcf/io/S3InputStream.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 655d127a..00000000
--- a/fbpcf/io/S3InputStream.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
- *
- * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
- * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <istream>
-
-#include <aws/s3/model/GetObjectResult.h>
-
-#include "IInputStream.h"
-
-namespace fbpcf {
-class S3InputStream : public IInputStream {
- public:
-  explicit S3InputStream(Aws::S3::Model::GetObjectResult r)
-      : r_{std::move(r)} {}
-
-  std::istream& get() override;
-
- private:
-  Aws::S3::Model::GetObjectResult r_;
-};
-} // namespace fbpcf
diff --git a/fbpcf/io/test/FileManagerUtilTest.cpp b/fbpcf/io/test/FileManagerUtilTest.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index b142ecf1..00000000
--- a/fbpcf/io/test/FileManagerUtilTest.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
- *
- * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
- * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
- */
-
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-
-#include "fbpcf/io/FileManagerUtil.h"
-
-namespace fbpcf::io {
-TEST(FileManagerUtilTest, TestGetS3FileType) {
-  auto type =
-      getFileType("https://bucket-name.s3.Region.amazonaws.com/key-name");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FileType::S3, type);
-}
-
-TEST(FileManagerUtilTest, TestGetLocalFileType) {
-  auto type = getFileType("/root/local");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FileType::Local, type);
-}
-} // namespace fbpcf::io
diff --git a/fbpcf/io/test/GCSFileManagerTest.cpp b/fbpcf/io/test/GCSFileManagerTest.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 2b8ea1e9..00000000
--- a/fbpcf/io/test/GCSFileManagerTest.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
- *
- * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
- * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
- */
-
-#include <memory>
-#include <string>
-
-#include <gmock/gmock.h>
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-
-#include "fbpcf/io/LocalFileManager.h"
-#include "folly/Format.h"
-#include "folly/Random.h"
-
-#include "fbpcf/exception/GcpException.h"
-#include "fbpcf/gcp/MockGCSClient.h"
-#include "fbpcf/io/GCSFileManager.h"
-
-using ::testing::_;
-
-namespace fbpcf {
-class GCSFileManagerTest : public ::testing::Test {
- protected:
-  void TearDown() override {
-    std::remove(filePath_.c_str());
-  }
-
-  void SetUp() override {
-    GCSClient = std::make_shared<MockGCSClient>();
-  }
-
-  std::shared_ptr<MockGCSClient> GCSClient;
-  const std::string testData_ = "this is test data";
-  const std::string filePath_ =
-      folly::sformat("./testfile_{}", folly::Random::rand32());
-  const std::string GCSUrl = "https://storage.cloud.google.com/bucket/key";
-};
-TEST_F(GCSFileManagerTest, testReadWithException) {
-  EXPECT_CALL(*GCSClient, ReadObject(_, _, _)).Times(1);
-  GCSFileManager<MockGCSClient> fileManager{std::move(GCSClient)};
-
-  // this call is failing because the mocked response for default
-  // ObjectReadStream will have status.ok() = false
-  EXPECT_THROW(fileManager.read(GCSUrl), GcpException);
-}
-
-TEST_F(GCSFileManagerTest, testWriteWithException) {
-  EXPECT_CALL(*GCSClient, WriteObject(_, _)).Times(1);
-  GCSFileManager<MockGCSClient> fileManager{std::move(GCSClient)};
-
-  // this call is failing because the mocked response for default
-  // ObjectWriteStream will have status.ok() = false
-  EXPECT_THROW(fileManager.write(GCSUrl, testData_), GcpException);
-}
-
-TEST_F(GCSFileManagerTest, testCopyWithException) {
-  auto localFileManager = LocalFileManager{};
-  localFileManager.write(filePath_, testData_);
-  EXPECT_CALL(*GCSClient, UploadFile(_, _, _)).Times(1);
-  GCSFileManager<MockGCSClient> fileManager{std::move(GCSClient)};
-
-  // this call is failing because the mocked response for default
-  // ObjectWriteStream will have status.ok() = false
-  EXPECT_THROW(fileManager.copy(filePath_, GCSUrl), GcpException);
-}
-} // namespace fbpcf
diff --git a/fbpcf/io/test/LocalFileManagerTest.cpp b/fbpcf/io/test/LocalFileManagerTest.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index bd753f0c..00000000
--- a/fbpcf/io/test/LocalFileManagerTest.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
- *
- * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
- * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
- */
-
-#include <cstdio>
-#include <stdexcept>
-#include <string>
-
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-
-#include "folly/Format.h"
-#include "folly/Random.h"
-
-#include "fbpcf/exception/PcfException.h"
-#include "fbpcf/io/LocalFileManager.h"
-
-namespace fbpcf {
-class LocalFileManagerTest : public ::testing::Test {
- protected:
-  void TearDown() override {
-    std::remove(filePath_.c_str());
-    std::remove(copiedFilePath_.c_str());
-    std::remove(nonExistentFolderPath_.c_str());
-  }
-
-  const std::string testData_ = "this is test data";
-  const std::string filePath_ =
-      folly::sformat("./testfile_{}", folly::Random::rand32());
-  const std::string copiedFilePath_ =
-      folly::sformat("./copy_testfile_{}", folly::Random::rand32());
-  const std::string nonExistentFolderPath_ =
-      folly::sformat("fakedfolder/testfile_{}", folly::Random::rand32());
-};
-
-TEST_F(LocalFileManagerTest, testReadWrite) {
-  LocalFileManager fileManager;
-  fileManager.write(filePath_, testData_);
-  auto resp = fileManager.read(filePath_);
-  EXPECT_EQ(testData_, resp);
-}
-
-TEST_F(LocalFileManagerTest, testReadException) {
-  LocalFileManager fileManager;
-  EXPECT_THROW(fileManager.read("./fakedfile"), PcfException);
-}
-
-TEST_F(LocalFileManagerTest, testWriteNonExistentFolder) {
-  LocalFileManager fileManager;
-  fileManager.write(nonExistentFolderPath_, testData_);
-  auto resp = fileManager.read(nonExistentFolderPath_);
-  EXPECT_EQ(testData_, resp);
-}
-
-TEST_F(LocalFileManagerTest, testWriteReadBytes) {
-  LocalFileManager fileManager;
-  fileManager.write(filePath_, testData_);
-  auto resp1 = fileManager.readBytes(filePath_, 0, 5);
-  EXPECT_EQ(resp1, "this ");
-
-  auto resp2 = fileManager.readBytes(filePath_, 10, 15);
-  EXPECT_EQ(resp2, "st da");
-
-  auto resp3 = fileManager.readBytes(filePath_, 1, 1);
-  EXPECT_EQ(resp3, "");
-
-  auto resp4 = fileManager.readBytes(filePath_, 15, 20);
-  EXPECT_EQ(resp4, "ta");
-}
-
-TEST_F(LocalFileManagerTest, testByteReadException) {
-  LocalFileManager fileManager;
-  fileManager.write(filePath_, testData_);
-  EXPECT_THROW(fileManager.readBytes(filePath_, 100, 101), PcfException);
-  EXPECT_THROW(fileManager.readBytes(filePath_, 5, 1), PcfException);
-}
-
-TEST_F(LocalFileManagerTest, testCopy) {
-  LocalFileManager fileManager;
-  fileManager.write(filePath_, testData_);
-  fileManager.copy(filePath_, copiedFilePath_);
-  auto copiedData = fileManager.read(copiedFilePath_);
-  EXPECT_EQ(testData_, copiedData);
-}
-} // namespace fbpcf
diff --git a/fbpcf/io/test/S3FileManagerTest.cpp b/fbpcf/io/test/S3FileManagerTest.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index faf2b9fb..00000000
--- a/fbpcf/io/test/S3FileManagerTest.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
- *
- * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
- * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
- */
-
-#include <cstdio>
-#include <memory>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <string>
-
-#include <gmock/gmock.h>
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-
-#include "fbpcf/io/LocalFileManager.h"
-#include "folly/Format.h"
-#include "folly/Random.h"
-
-#include "fbpcf/aws/AwsSdk.h"
-#include "fbpcf/aws/MockS3Client.h"
-#include "fbpcf/exception/AwsException.h"
-#include "fbpcf/io/S3FileManager.h"
-
-using ::testing::_;
-
-namespace fbpcf {
-class S3FileManagerTest : public ::testing::Test {
- protected:
-  void TearDown() override {
-    std::remove(filePath_.c_str());
-    s3Client = nullptr;
-  }
-
-  void SetUp() override {
-    AwsSdk::aquire();
-    s3Client = std::make_unique<MockS3Client>();
-  }
-
-  std::unique_ptr<MockS3Client> s3Client;
-
-  const std::string testData_ = "this is test data";
-  const std::string filePath_ =
-      folly::sformat("./testfile_{}", folly::Random::rand32());
-  const std::string kS3URL = "https://bucket.s3.region.amazonaws.com/key";
-};
-
-TEST_F(S3FileManagerTest, testReadWithException) {
-  EXPECT_CALL(*s3Client, GetObject(_)).Times(1);
-  S3FileManager fileManager{std::move(s3Client)};
-  // by default, the call will fail, because the response indicates failure
-  EXPECT_THROW(fileManager.read(kS3URL), AwsException);
-}
-
-TEST_F(S3FileManagerTest, testWriteWithException) {
-  EXPECT_CALL(*s3Client, PutObject(_)).Times(1);
-  S3FileManager fileManager{std::move(s3Client)};
-  // by default, the call will fail, because the response indicates failure
-  EXPECT_THROW(fileManager.write(kS3URL, testData_), AwsException);
-}
-
-TEST_F(S3FileManagerTest, testCopyWritesToS3) {
-  EXPECT_CALL(*s3Client, PutObject(_)).Times(1);
-  S3FileManager fileManager{std::move(s3Client)};
-  auto localFileManager = LocalFileManager{};
-  localFileManager.write(filePath_, testData_);
-  // by default, the call will fail, because the response indicates failure
-  EXPECT_THROW(fileManager.copy(filePath_, kS3URL), AwsException);
-}
-} // namespace fbpcf