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DFIR-Commands.md

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PowerShell Incident Response Commands

Connections

All Open Connections

Get-NetTCPConnection -State Established

Connections Made By Office Applications

Get-ItemProperty -Path HKCU:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Office\16.0\Common\Internet\Server Cache*

If this command returns an error check if your version is correct. If that is the case then no connection was made from office.

Network Shares

Get-ChildItem -Path HKCU:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\MountPoints2\

SMB Shares

Get-SmbShare

RDP Sessions

qwinsta /server:localhost

Persistence

Collect All Startup Files

Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_StartupCommand |
  Select-Object -Property Command, Description, User, Location |
  Out-GridView

Windows Security Events

Collect The Last 10 Windows Security Event Logs Filter on EventID

Get-WinEvent -FilterHashtable @{LogName='Security';ID=4688} -MaxEvents 10 | Format-List *

Count By Event Last 2 Days

$SecurityEvents = Get-EventLog -LogName security -After (Get-Date).AddDays(-2)
$SecurityEvents | Group-Object -Property EventID -NoElement | Sort-Object -Property Count -Descending

Collect Detailed Information All Windows Security Events Last 2 Days

$SecurityEvents = Get-EventLog -LogName security -After (Get-Date).AddDays(-2)
$SecurityEvents | Group-Object -Property EventID -NoElement | Sort-Object -Property Count -Descending

User & Group Information

Active Users / Kerberos Sessions

query user /server:$server

Members of Local Administrator Group

net localgroup administrators

Local Users

Get-LocalUser | Format-Table

Processes

Detailed Proces Information by Procesname

Get-Process explorer | Format-List *

Processcommandline

Get-WmiObject Win32_Process | Select-Object Name,  ProcessId, CommandLine, Path | Format-List

Powershell History

history

Stop Specific Process by Name

Stop-Process -Name "Teams"

Stop Specific Process by ID

Stop-Process -ID 666

Scheduled Task List

Get-ScheduledTask | Where-Object {$_.State -ne "Disabled"} | Format-List

Scheduled Task List Run Status

Get-ScheduledTask | Where-Object {$_.State -ne "Disabled"} | Get-ScheduledTaskInfo

Applications

Installed Software (RegistryKey Based)

$InstalledSoftware = Get-ChildItem "HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall"
foreach($obj in $InstalledSoftware){write-host $obj.GetValue('DisplayName') -NoNewline; write-host " - " -NoNewline; write-host $obj.GetValue('DisplayVersion')}

Recently Installed Software (Windows Event Logs)

Get-WinEvent -ProviderName msiinstaller | where id -eq 1033 | select timecreated,message | FL *

Running Services

Get-Service | Where-Object {$_.Status -eq "Running"} | format-list

File Analysis

Collect File Stream Information

Get-Item .\DFIR-Script.ps1 -Stream *

Collect File Content

Get-Content .\DFIR-Script.ps1

Collect Raw File Content

Get-Content .\DFIR-Script.ps1 -Encoding Byte | Format-hex

Recent Open Docs

Get-ItemProperty -Path HKCU:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\RecentDocs\
# based on the list select an ID to further investigate
(Get-ItemProperty -Path HKCU:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\RecentDocs\).71 | Format-Hex

Decode Base64

$encodedstring = "aHR0cHM6Ly90aGlzaXNhbWFsaWNpb3VzZG9tYWluLmNvbS9kb3dubG9hZC9tYWx3YXJlLmV4ZQ=="
[System.Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetString([System.Convert]::FromBase64String($encodedstring))

Hash Incicators of Compromise

SHA1 Hash

Get-FileHash -Algorithm SHA1 -Path C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\MaliciousFile.exe

MD5 Hash

Get-FileHash -Algorithm MD5 -Path C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\MaliciousFile.exe

SHA1 Hash

Get-FileHash -Algorithm SHA256 -Path C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\MaliciousFile.exe

Connected Devices

List Plug and Play devices

Get-PnpDevice

Retrieve Logs

For the best results run the retrieval of the logs as local admin. Otherwise not all logs can be collected.

Windows Logs

$eventLogs = 'Application', 'System', 'Security'
foreach ($logName in $eventLogs) {
    # Get event log entries for the specified log name
    $entries = Get-EventLog -LogName $logName

    # Append entries to the logEntries array
    $logEntries += $entries
}
$logEntries

Windows Security Events

Get-EventLog -LogName Security

Windows Security Events to CSV

$ExecutionDate = $(get-date -f yyyy-MM-dd)
$OutputName = "SecurityEvents-$ExecutionDate.csv"
Get-EventLog -LogName Security | Export-Csv -Path $OutputName -NoTypeInformation
if (Test-Path -Path $OutputName) {
    $folderPath = (Get-Item $OutputName).DirectoryName
    Write-Host "Output File Location: $folderPath\$OutputName"
} else {
    Write-Host "File does not exist."
}

Defender Exclusions

List the defender exclusions that are defined for your (local) machine.

IP

Get-MpPreference | Select-Object -ExpandProperty ExclusionIpAddress

FolderPath

Get-MpPreference | Select-Object -ExpandProperty ExclusionPath

Process

Get-MpPreference | Select-Object -ExpandProperty ExclusionProcess

Extension

Get-MpPreference | Select-Object -ExpandProperty ExclusionExtension