jim-aio.c

/* Jim - A small embeddable Tcl interpreter
 *
 * Copyright 2005 Salvatore Sanfilippo <antirez@invece.org>
 * Copyright 2005 Clemens Hintze <c.hintze@gmx.net>
 * Copyright 2005 patthoyts - Pat Thoyts <patthoyts@users.sf.net>
 * Copyright 2008 oharboe - Øyvind Harboe - oyvind.harboe@zylin.com
 * Copyright 2008 Andrew Lunn <andrew@lunn.ch>
 * Copyright 2008 Duane Ellis <openocd@duaneellis.com>
 * Copyright 2008 Uwe Klein <uklein@klein-messgeraete.de>
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 *    copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
 *    disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials
 *    provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE JIM TCL PROJECT ``AS IS'' AND ANY
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
 * THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
 * PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * JIM TCL PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
 * INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
 * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
 * STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
 * ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * The views and conclusions contained in the software and documentation
 * are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing
 * official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Jim Tcl Project.
 **/

#include "jimautoconf.h"

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <assert.h>
#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_UTIL_H
#include <util.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_PTY_H
#include <pty.h>
#endif

#include "jim.h"

#if defined(HAVE_SYS_SOCKET_H) && defined(HAVE_SELECT) && defined(HAVE_NETINET_IN_H) && defined(HAVE_NETDB_H) && defined(HAVE_ARPA_INET_H)
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_UN_H
#include <sys/un.h>
#endif
#define HAVE_SOCKETS
#elif defined (__MINGW32__)
/* currently mingw32 doesn't support sockets, but has pipe, fdopen */
#endif

#if defined(JIM_SSL)
#include <openssl/ssl.h>
#include <openssl/err.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_TERMIOS_H
#include <jim-tty.h>
#endif

#include "jim-eventloop.h"
#include "jim-subcmd.h"
#include "jimiocompat.h"

#define AIO_CMD_LEN 32      /* e.g. aio.handleXXXXXX */
#define AIO_DEFAULT_RBUF_LEN 256     /* read size for gets, read */
#define AIO_DEFAULT_WBUF_LIMIT (64 * 1024)  /* max size of writebuf before flushing */

#define AIO_KEEPOPEN 1  /* don't set O_CLOEXEC, don't close on command delete */
#define AIO_NODELETE 2  /* don't delete AF_UNIX path on close */
#define AIO_EOF 4       /* EOF was reached */
#define AIO_WBUF_NONE 8 /* default to buffering=none */
#define AIO_NONBLOCK 16   /* socket is non-blocking */

#define AIO_ONEREAD 32   /* passed to aio_read_len() to return after a single read */

enum wbuftype {
    WBUF_OPT_NONE,      /* write immediately */
    WBUF_OPT_LINE,      /* write if NL is seen */
    WBUF_OPT_FULL,      /* write when write buffer is full or on flush */
};

#if defined(JIM_IPV6)
#define IPV6 1
#else
#define IPV6 0
#ifndef PF_INET6
#define PF_INET6 0
#endif
#endif
#if defined(HAVE_SYS_UN_H) && defined(PF_UNIX)
#define UNIX_SOCKETS 1
#else
#define UNIX_SOCKETS 0
#endif

#ifndef MAXPATHLEN
#define MAXPATHLEN JIM_PATH_LEN
#endif

#if defined(HAVE_SOCKETS) && !defined(JIM_BOOTSTRAP)
/* Avoid type punned pointers */
union sockaddr_any {
    struct sockaddr sa;
    struct sockaddr_in sin;
#if IPV6
    struct sockaddr_in6 sin6;
#endif
#if UNIX_SOCKETS
    struct sockaddr_un sun;
#endif
};

#ifndef HAVE_INET_NTOP
const char *inet_ntop(int af, const void *src, char *dst, int size)
{
    if (af != PF_INET) {
        return NULL;
    }
    snprintf(dst, size, "%s", inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in *)src)->sin_addr));
    return dst;
}
#endif
#endif /* JIM_BOOTSTRAP */

/* Wait for the fd to be readable and return JIM_OK if ok or JIM_ERR on timeout */
/* ms=0 means block forever */
static int JimReadableTimeout(int fd, long ms)
{
#ifdef HAVE_SELECT
    int retval;
    struct timeval tv;
    fd_set rfds;

    FD_ZERO(&rfds);

    FD_SET(fd, &rfds);
    tv.tv_sec = ms / 1000;
    tv.tv_usec = (ms % 1000) * 1000;

    retval = select(fd + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, ms == 0 ? NULL : &tv);

    if (retval > 0) {
        return JIM_OK;
    }
    return JIM_ERR;
#else
    return JIM_OK;
#endif
}


struct AioFile;

typedef struct {
    int (*writer)(struct AioFile *af, const char *buf, int len);
    int (*reader)(struct AioFile *af, char *buf, int len, int pending);
    int (*error)(const struct AioFile *af);
    const char *(*strerror)(struct AioFile *af);
    int (*verify)(struct AioFile *af);
} JimAioFopsType;

typedef struct AioFile
{
    Jim_Obj *filename;      /* filename or equivalent for error reporting */
    int wbuft;              /* enum wbuftype */
    int flags;              /* AIO_KEEPOPEN | AIO_NODELETE | AIO_EOF */
    long timeout;           /* timeout (in ms) for read operations if blocking */
    int fd;
    int addr_family;
    void *ssl;
    const JimAioFopsType *fops;
    Jim_Obj *readbuf;       /* Contains any buffered read data. NULL if empty. refcount=0 */
    Jim_Obj *writebuf;      /* Contains any buffered write data. refcount=1 */
    char *rbuf;             /* Temporary read buffer (NULL if not yet allocated) */
    size_t rbuf_len;        /* Length of rbuf */
    size_t wbuf_limit;      /* Max size of writebuf before flushing */
} AioFile;

static void aio_consume(Jim_Obj *objPtr, int n);

static int stdio_writer(struct AioFile *af, const char *buf, int len)
{
    int ret = write(af->fd, buf, len);
    if (ret < 0 && errno == EPIPE) {
        /* Also discard the write buffer since otherwise when
         * we try to flush on shutdown we may get SIGPIPE */
        aio_consume(af->writebuf, Jim_Length(af->writebuf));
    }
    return ret;
}

static int stdio_reader(struct AioFile *af, char *buf, int len, int nb)
{
    if (nb || af->timeout == 0 || JimReadableTimeout(af->fd, af->timeout) == JIM_OK) {
        /* timeout on blocking read */
        int ret;

        errno = 0;
        ret = read(af->fd, buf, len);
        if (ret <= 0 && errno != EAGAIN && errno != EINTR) {
            af->flags |= AIO_EOF;
        }
        return ret;
    }
    errno = ETIMEDOUT;
    return -1;
}

static int stdio_error(const AioFile *af)
{
    if (af->flags & AIO_EOF) {
        return JIM_OK;
    }
    /* XXX Probably errno should have been stashed in af->err instead */
    switch (errno) {
        case EAGAIN:
        case EINTR:
        case ETIMEDOUT:
#ifdef ECONNRESET
        case ECONNRESET:
#endif
#ifdef ECONNABORTED
        case ECONNABORTED:
#endif
            return JIM_OK;
        default:
            return JIM_ERR;
    }
}

static const char *stdio_strerror(struct AioFile *af)
{
    return strerror(errno);
}

static const JimAioFopsType stdio_fops = {
    stdio_writer,
    stdio_reader,
    stdio_error,
    stdio_strerror,
    NULL, /* verify */
};

#if defined(JIM_SSL) && !defined(JIM_BOOTSTRAP)

static SSL_CTX *JimAioSslCtx(Jim_Interp *interp);

static int ssl_writer(struct AioFile *af, const char *buf, int len)
{
    return SSL_write(af->ssl, buf, len);
}

static int ssl_reader(struct AioFile *af, char *buf, int len, int nb)
{
    if (nb || af->timeout == 0 || SSL_pending(af->ssl) ||  JimReadableTimeout(af->fd, af->timeout) == JIM_OK) {
        int ret;
        if (SSL_pending(af->ssl)) {
            /* If there is pending data to read return it first */
            if (len > SSL_pending(af->ssl)) {
                len = SSL_pending(af->ssl);
            }
        }
        ret = SSL_read(af->ssl, buf, len);
        if (ret <= 0 && errno != EAGAIN && errno != EINTR) {
            af->flags |= AIO_EOF;
        }
        return ret;
    }
    errno = ETIMEDOUT;
    return -1;

}

static int ssl_error(const struct AioFile *af)
{
    int ret = SSL_get_error(af->ssl, 0);
    /* These indicate "normal" conditions */
    if (ret == SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN || ret == SSL_ERROR_NONE || ret == SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ) {
            return JIM_OK;
    }
    if (ret == SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL) {
        return stdio_error(af);
    }
    return JIM_ERR;
}

static const char *ssl_strerror(struct AioFile *af)
{
    int err = ERR_get_error();

    if (err) {
        return ERR_error_string(err, NULL);
    }
    else {
        return stdio_strerror(af);
    }
}

static int ssl_verify(struct AioFile *af)
{
    X509 *cert;

    cert = SSL_get_peer_certificate(af->ssl);
    if (!cert) {
        return JIM_ERR;
    }
    X509_free(cert);

    if (SSL_get_verify_result(af->ssl) == X509_V_OK) {
        return JIM_OK;
    }

    return JIM_ERR;
}

static const JimAioFopsType ssl_fops = {
    ssl_writer,
    ssl_reader,
    ssl_error,
    ssl_strerror,
    ssl_verify,
};
#endif /* JIM_BOOTSTRAP */

/**
 * Sets nonblocking on the channel (if different from current)
 * and updates the flags in af->flags.
 */
static void aio_set_nonblocking(AioFile *af, int nb)
{
#ifdef O_NDELAY
    int old = !!(af->flags & AIO_NONBLOCK);
    if (old != nb) {
        int fmode = fcntl(af->fd, F_GETFL);
        if (nb) {
            fmode |= O_NDELAY;
            af->flags |= AIO_NONBLOCK;
        }
        else {
            fmode &= ~O_NDELAY;
            af->flags &= ~AIO_NONBLOCK;
        }
        (void)fcntl(af->fd, F_SETFL, fmode);
    }
#endif
}

/**
 * If the socket is blocking (not nonblocking) and a timeout is set,
 * put the socket in non-blocking mode.
 *
 * Returns the original mode.
 */
static int aio_start_nonblocking(AioFile *af)
{
    int old = !!(af->flags & AIO_NONBLOCK);
    if (af->timeout) {
        aio_set_nonblocking(af, 1);
    }
    return old;
}

static int JimAioSubCmdProc(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv);
static AioFile *JimMakeChannel(Jim_Interp *interp, int fd, Jim_Obj *filename,
    const char *hdlfmt, int family, int flags);

#if defined(HAVE_SOCKETS) && !defined(JIM_BOOTSTRAP)
#ifndef HAVE_GETADDRINFO
/*
 * Poor man's getaddrinfo().
 * hints->ai_family must be set and must be PF_INET or PF_INET6
 * Only returns the first matching result.
 * servname must be numeric.
 */
struct addrinfo {
    int ai_family;
    socklen_t ai_addrlen;
    struct sockaddr *ai_addr; /* simply points to ai_storage */
    union sockaddr_any ai_storage;
};

static int getaddrinfo(const char *hostname, const char *servname,
    const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **res)
{
    struct hostent *he;
    char *end;
    unsigned long port = strtoul(servname, &end, 10);
    if (port == 0 || port > 65536 || *end) {
        errno = EINVAL;
        return -1;
    }

    if ((he = gethostbyname(hostname)) != NULL) {
        int i;
        for (i = 0; he->h_addr_list[i]; i++) {
            if (he->h_addrtype == hints->ai_family) {
                struct addrinfo *ai = malloc(sizeof(*ai));
                memset(ai, 0, sizeof(*ai));
                ai->ai_family = he->h_addrtype;
                ai->ai_addr = &ai->ai_storage.sa;
                if (ai->ai_family == PF_INET) {
                    ai->ai_addrlen = sizeof(ai->ai_storage.sin);
                    ai->ai_storage.sin.sin_family = he->h_addrtype;
                    assert(sizeof(ai->ai_storage.sin.sin_addr) == he->h_length);
                    memcpy(&ai->ai_storage.sin.sin_addr, he->h_addr_list[i], he->h_length);
                    ai->ai_storage.sin.sin_port = htons(port);
                }
#if IPV6
                else {
                    ai->ai_addrlen = sizeof(ai->ai_storage.sin6);
                    ai->ai_storage.sin6.sin6_family = he->h_addrtype;
                    assert(sizeof(ai->ai_storage.sin6.sin6_addr) == he->h_length);
                    memcpy(&ai->ai_storage.sin6.sin6_addr, he->h_addr_list[i], he->h_length);
                    ai->ai_storage.sin6.sin6_port = htons(port);
                }
#endif
                *res = ai;
                return 0;
            }
        }
    }
    return ENOENT;
}

static void freeaddrinfo(struct addrinfo *ai)
{
    free(ai);
}
#endif

static int JimParseIPv6Address(Jim_Interp *interp, int socktype, const char *hostport, union sockaddr_any *sa, socklen_t *salen)
{
#if IPV6
    /*
     * An IPv6 addr/port looks like:
     *   [::1]
     *   [::1]:2000
     *   [fe80::223:6cff:fe95:bdc0%en1]:2000
     *   [::]:2000
     *   2000
     *
     *   Note that the "any" address is ::, which is the same as when no address is specified.
     */
     char *sthost = NULL;
     const char *stport;
     int ret = JIM_OK;
     struct addrinfo req;
     struct addrinfo *ai;

    stport = strrchr(hostport, ':');
    if (!stport) {
        /* No : so, the whole thing is the port */
        stport = hostport;
        hostport = "::";
        sthost = Jim_StrDup(hostport);
    }
    else {
        stport++;
    }

    if (*hostport == '[') {
        /* This is a numeric ipv6 address */
        char *pt = strchr(++hostport, ']');
        if (pt) {
            sthost = Jim_StrDupLen(hostport, pt - hostport);
        }
    }

    if (!sthost) {
        sthost = Jim_StrDupLen(hostport, stport - hostport - 1);
    }

    memset(&req, '\0', sizeof(req));
    req.ai_family = PF_INET6;
    req.ai_socktype = socktype;

    if (getaddrinfo(sthost, stport, &req, &ai)) {
        Jim_SetResultFormatted(interp, "Not a valid address: %s:%s", sthost, stport);
        ret = JIM_ERR;
    }
    else {
        memcpy(&sa->sin6, ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen);
        *salen = ai->ai_addrlen;
        freeaddrinfo(ai);
    }
    Jim_Free(sthost);

    return ret;
#else
    Jim_SetResultString(interp, "ipv6 not supported", -1);
    return JIM_ERR;
#endif
}

static int JimParseIpAddress(Jim_Interp *interp, int socktype, const char *hostport, union sockaddr_any *sa, socklen_t *salen)
{
    /* An IPv4 addr/port looks like:
     *   192.168.1.5
     *   192.168.1.5:2000
     *   2000
     *
     * If the address is missing, INADDR_ANY is used.
     * If the port is missing, 0 is used (only useful for server sockets).
     */
    char *sthost = NULL;
    const char *stport;
    int ret = JIM_OK;
    struct addrinfo req;
    struct addrinfo *ai;

    stport = strrchr(hostport, ':');
    if (!stport) {
        /* No : so, the whole thing is the port */
        stport = hostport;
        sthost = Jim_StrDup("0.0.0.0");
    }
    else {
        sthost = Jim_StrDupLen(hostport, stport - hostport);
        stport++;
    }

    memset(&req, '\0', sizeof(req));
    req.ai_family = PF_INET;
    req.ai_socktype = socktype;

    if (getaddrinfo(sthost, stport, &req, &ai)) {
        ret = JIM_ERR;
    }
    else {
        memcpy(&sa->sin, ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen);
        *salen = ai->ai_addrlen;
        freeaddrinfo(ai);
    }
    Jim_Free(sthost);

    if (ret != JIM_OK) {
        Jim_SetResultFormatted(interp, "Not a valid address: %s", hostport);
    }

    return ret;
}

#if UNIX_SOCKETS
static int JimParseDomainAddress(Jim_Interp *interp, const char *path, union sockaddr_any *sa, socklen_t *salen)
{
    sa->sun.sun_family = PF_UNIX;
    snprintf(sa->sun.sun_path, sizeof(sa->sun.sun_path), "%s", path);
    *salen = strlen(sa->sun.sun_path) + 1 + sizeof(sa->sun.sun_family);

    return JIM_OK;
}
#endif

static int JimParseSocketAddress(Jim_Interp *interp, int family, int socktype, const char *addr, union sockaddr_any *sa, socklen_t *salen)
{
    switch (family) {
#if UNIX_SOCKETS
        case PF_UNIX:
            return JimParseDomainAddress(interp, addr, sa, salen);
#endif
        case PF_INET6:
            return JimParseIPv6Address(interp, socktype, addr, sa, salen);
        case PF_INET:
            return JimParseIpAddress(interp, socktype, addr, sa, salen);
    }
    return JIM_ERR;
}

/**
 * Format that address in 'sa' as a string and return it as a zero-refcount object.
 *
 */
static Jim_Obj *JimFormatSocketAddress(Jim_Interp *interp, const union sockaddr_any *sa, socklen_t salen)
{
    /* INET6_ADDRSTRLEN is 46. Add some for [] and port */
    char addrbuf[60];
    const char *addr = addrbuf;
    int addrlen = -1;

    switch (sa->sa.sa_family) {
#if UNIX_SOCKETS
        case PF_UNIX:
            addr = sa->sun.sun_path;
            addrlen = salen - 1 - sizeof(sa->sun.sun_family);
            if (addrlen < 0) {
                addrlen = 0;
            }
            break;
#endif
#if IPV6
        case PF_INET6:
            addrbuf[0] = '[';
            /* Allow 9 for []:65535\0 */
            inet_ntop(sa->sa.sa_family, &sa->sin6.sin6_addr, addrbuf + 1, sizeof(addrbuf) - 9);
            snprintf(addrbuf + strlen(addrbuf), 8, "]:%d", ntohs(sa->sin6.sin6_port));
            break;
#endif
        case PF_INET:
            /* Allow 7 for :65535\0 */
            inet_ntop(sa->sa.sa_family, &sa->sin.sin_addr, addrbuf, sizeof(addrbuf) - 7);
            snprintf(addrbuf + strlen(addrbuf), 7, ":%d", ntohs(sa->sin.sin_port));
            break;

        default:
            /* Otherwise just an empty address */
            addr = "";
            break;
    }

    return Jim_NewStringObj(interp, addr, addrlen);
}

static int JimSetVariableSocketAddress(Jim_Interp *interp, Jim_Obj *varObjPtr, const union sockaddr_any *sa, socklen_t salen)
{
    int ret;
    Jim_Obj *objPtr = JimFormatSocketAddress(interp, sa, salen);
    Jim_IncrRefCount(objPtr);
    ret = Jim_SetVariable(interp, varObjPtr, objPtr);
    Jim_DecrRefCount(interp, objPtr);
    return ret;
}

static Jim_Obj *aio_sockname(Jim_Interp *interp, int fd)
{
    union sockaddr_any sa;
    socklen_t salen = sizeof(sa);

    if (getsockname(fd, &sa.sa, &salen) < 0) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return JimFormatSocketAddress(interp, &sa, salen);
}

static Jim_Obj *aio_peername(Jim_Interp *interp, int fd)
{
    union sockaddr_any sa;
    socklen_t salen = sizeof(sa);

    if (getpeername(fd, &sa.sa, &salen) < 0) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return JimFormatSocketAddress(interp, &sa, salen);
}
#endif /* JIM_BOOTSTRAP */

static const char *JimAioErrorString(AioFile *af)
{
    if (af && af->fops)
        return af->fops->strerror(af);

    return strerror(errno);
}

static void JimAioSetError(Jim_Interp *interp, Jim_Obj *name)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);

    if (name) {
        Jim_SetResultFormatted(interp, "%#s: %s", name, JimAioErrorString(af));
    }
    else {
        Jim_SetResultString(interp, JimAioErrorString(af), -1);
    }
}

static int aio_eof(AioFile *af)
{
    return af->flags & AIO_EOF;
}

static int JimCheckStreamError(Jim_Interp *interp, AioFile *af)
{
    int ret = 0;
    if (!aio_eof(af)) {
        ret = af->fops->error(af);
        if (ret) {
            JimAioSetError(interp, af->filename);
        }
    }
    return ret;
}

/**
 * Removes n bytes from the beginning of objPtr.
 *
 * objPtr must have a string rep.
 * n must be <= bytelen(objPtr)
 */
static void aio_consume(Jim_Obj *objPtr, int n)
{
    assert(objPtr->bytes);
    assert(n <= objPtr->length);

    /* Move the data down, plus 1 for the null terminator */
    memmove(objPtr->bytes, objPtr->bytes + n, objPtr->length - n + 1);
    objPtr->length -= n;
    /* Note that we don't have to worry about utf8 len because the read and write
     * buffers are used as pure byte buffers
     */
}

/* forward declaration */
static int aio_autoflush(Jim_Interp *interp, void *clientData, int mask);

/**
 * Flushes af->writebuf to the channel and removes that data
 * from af->writebuf.
 *
 * If not all data could be written, starts a writable callback to continue
 * flushing. This will only run when the eventloop does.
 *
 * On error or if not all data could be written, consumes only
 * what was written and returns an error.
 */
static int aio_flush(Jim_Interp *interp, AioFile *af)
{
    int len;
    const char *pt = Jim_GetString(af->writebuf, &len);
    if (len) {
        int ret = af->fops->writer(af, pt, len);
        if (ret > 0) {
            /* Consume what we wrote */
            aio_consume(af->writebuf, ret);
        }
        if (ret < 0) {
            return JimCheckStreamError(interp, af);
        }
        /* If not all data could be written, but with no error, and there is no writable
         * handler, we can try to auto-flush
         */
        if (Jim_Length(af->writebuf)) {
#ifdef jim_ext_eventloop
            void *handler = Jim_FindFileHandler(interp, af->fd, JIM_EVENT_WRITABLE);
            if (handler == NULL) {
                Jim_CreateFileHandler(interp, af->fd, JIM_EVENT_WRITABLE, aio_autoflush, af, NULL);
                return JIM_OK;
            }
            else if (handler == af) {
                /* Nothing to do, handler already installed */
                return JIM_OK;
            }
#endif
            /* There is an existing foreign handler or no event loop so return an error */
            Jim_SetResultString(interp, "send buffer is full", -1);
            return JIM_ERR;
        }
    }
    return JIM_OK;
}

/**
 * Called when the channel is writable.
 * Write what we can and return -1 when the write buffer is empty to remove the handler.
 */
static int aio_autoflush(Jim_Interp *interp, void *clientData, int mask)
{
    AioFile *af = clientData;

    aio_flush(interp, af);
    if (Jim_Length(af->writebuf) == 0) {
        /* Done, so remove the handler */
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}

/**
 * Read until 'len' bytes are available in readbuf.
 *
 * If flags contains AIO_NONBLOCK, indicates a nonblocking read.
 * If flags contains AIO_ONEREAD, return after a single read.
 * (In this case JIM_ERR is also returned on timeout)
 *
 * If nonblocking or timeout, may return early.
 * 'len' may be -1 to read until eof (or until no more data if nonblocking)
 *
 * Returns JIM_OK if data was read or JIM_ERR on error.
 */
static int aio_read_len(Jim_Interp *interp, AioFile *af, unsigned flags, int neededLen)
{
    if (!af->readbuf) {
        af->readbuf = Jim_NewStringObj(interp, NULL, 0);
    }

    if (neededLen >= 0) {
        neededLen -= Jim_Length(af->readbuf);
        if (neededLen <= 0) {
            return JIM_OK;
        }
    }

    while (neededLen && !aio_eof(af)) {
        int retval;
        int readlen;

        if (neededLen == -1) {
            readlen = af->rbuf_len;
        }
        else {
            readlen = (neededLen > af->rbuf_len ? af->rbuf_len : neededLen);
        }
        /* Allocate buffer if not already allocated */
        if (!af->rbuf) {
            af->rbuf = Jim_Alloc(af->rbuf_len);
        }
        retval = af->fops->reader(af, af->rbuf, readlen, flags & AIO_NONBLOCK);
        if (retval > 0) {
            if (retval) {
                Jim_AppendString(interp, af->readbuf, af->rbuf, retval);
            }
            if (neededLen != -1) {
                neededLen -= retval;
            }
            if (flags & AIO_ONEREAD) {
                return JIM_OK;
            }
            continue;
        }
        if ((flags & AIO_ONEREAD) || JimCheckStreamError(interp, af)) {
            return JIM_ERR;
        }
        break;
    }

    return JIM_OK;
}

/**
 * Consumes neededLen bytes from readbuf and those
 * bytes as a string object.
 *
 * If neededLen is -1, or >= len(readbuf), returns the entire readbuf.
 *
 * Returns NULL if no data available.
 */
static Jim_Obj *aio_read_consume(Jim_Interp *interp, AioFile *af, int neededLen)
{
    Jim_Obj *objPtr = NULL;

    if (neededLen < 0 || af->readbuf == NULL || Jim_Length(af->readbuf) <= neededLen) {
        objPtr = af->readbuf;
        af->readbuf = NULL;
    }
    else if (af->readbuf) {
        /* Need to consume part of the readbuf */
        int len;
        const char *pt = Jim_GetString(af->readbuf, &len);

        objPtr  = Jim_NewStringObj(interp, pt, neededLen);
        aio_consume(af->readbuf, neededLen);
    }

    return objPtr;
}

static void JimAioDelProc(Jim_Interp *interp, void *privData)
{
    AioFile *af = privData;

    JIM_NOTUSED(interp);

    /* Try to flush and write data before close */
    aio_flush(interp, af);
    Jim_DecrRefCount(interp, af->writebuf);

#if UNIX_SOCKETS
    if (af->addr_family == PF_UNIX && (af->flags & AIO_NODELETE) == 0) {
        /* If this is bound, delete the socket file now */
        Jim_Obj *filenameObj = aio_sockname(interp, af->fd);
        if (filenameObj) {
            if (Jim_Length(filenameObj)) {
                remove(Jim_String(filenameObj));
            }
            Jim_FreeNewObj(interp, filenameObj);
        }
    }
#endif

    Jim_DecrRefCount(interp, af->filename);

#ifdef jim_ext_eventloop
    /* remove all existing EventHandlers */
    Jim_DeleteFileHandler(interp, af->fd, JIM_EVENT_READABLE | JIM_EVENT_WRITABLE | JIM_EVENT_EXCEPTION);
#endif

#if defined(JIM_SSL)
    if (af->ssl != NULL) {
        SSL_free(af->ssl);
    }
#endif
    if (!(af->flags & AIO_KEEPOPEN)) {
        close(af->fd);
    }
    if (af->readbuf) {
        Jim_FreeNewObj(interp, af->readbuf);
    }

    Jim_Free(af->rbuf);
    Jim_Free(af);
}

static int aio_cmd_read(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
    int nonewline = 0;
    jim_wide neededLen = -1;         /* -1 is "read as much as possible" */
    static const char * const options[] = { "-pending", "-nonewline", NULL };
    enum { OPT_PENDING, OPT_NONEWLINE };
    int option;
    int nb;
    Jim_Obj *objPtr;

    if (argc) {
        if (*Jim_String(argv[0]) == '-') {
            if (Jim_GetEnum(interp, argv[0], options, &option, NULL, JIM_ERRMSG) != JIM_OK) {
                return JIM_ERR;
            }
            switch (option) {
                case OPT_PENDING:
                    /* accepted for compatibility, but ignored */
                    break;
                case OPT_NONEWLINE:
                    nonewline++;
                    break;
            }
        }
        else {
            if (Jim_GetWide(interp, argv[0], &neededLen) != JIM_OK)
                return JIM_ERR;
            if (neededLen < 0) {
                Jim_SetResultString(interp, "invalid parameter: negative len", -1);
                return JIM_ERR;
            }
        }
        argc--;
        argv++;
    }
    if (argc) {
        return -1;
    }

    /* reads are nonblocking if a timeout is given */
    nb = aio_start_nonblocking(af);

    if (aio_read_len(interp, af, nb ? AIO_NONBLOCK : 0, neededLen) != JIM_OK) {
        aio_set_nonblocking(af, nb);
        return JIM_ERR;
    }
    objPtr = aio_read_consume(interp, af, neededLen);

    aio_set_nonblocking(af, nb);

    if (objPtr) {
        if (nonewline) {
            int len;
            const char *s = Jim_GetString(objPtr, &len);

            if (len > 0 && s[len - 1] == '\n') {
                objPtr->length--;
                objPtr->bytes[objPtr->length] = '\0';
            }
        }
        Jim_SetResult(interp, objPtr);
    }
    else {
        Jim_SetEmptyResult(interp);
    }
    return JIM_OK;
}

/* Use 'name getfd' to get the file descriptor associated with channel 'name'
 * Currently this is only used by 'info channels'. Is there a better way?
 */
int Jim_AioFilehandle(Jim_Interp *interp, Jim_Obj *command)
{
    Jim_Cmd *cmdPtr = Jim_GetCommand(interp, command, JIM_ERRMSG);

    /* XXX: There ought to be a supported API for this */
    if (cmdPtr && !cmdPtr->isproc && cmdPtr->u.native.cmdProc == JimAioSubCmdProc) {
        return ((AioFile *) cmdPtr->u.native.privData)->fd;
    }
    Jim_SetResultFormatted(interp, "Not a filehandle: \"%#s\"", command);
    return -1;
}

static int aio_cmd_getfd(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);

    /* XXX Should we return this error? */
    aio_flush(interp, af);

    Jim_SetResultInt(interp, af->fd);

    return JIM_OK;
}

static int aio_cmd_copy(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
    jim_wide count = 0;
    jim_wide maxlen = JIM_WIDE_MAX;
    int ok = 1;
    Jim_Obj *objv[4];

    if (argc == 2) {
        if (Jim_GetWide(interp, argv[1], &maxlen) != JIM_OK) {
            return JIM_ERR;
        }
    }

    /* Need to flush any write data first. This could fail because of send buf full,
     * but more likely because the target isn't a filehandle.
     * Should use use getfd to test for that case instead?
     */
    objv[0] = argv[0];
    objv[1] = Jim_NewStringObj(interp, "flush", -1);
    if (Jim_EvalObjVector(interp, 2, objv) != JIM_OK) {
        Jim_SetResultFormatted(interp, "Not a filehandle: \"%#s\"", argv[0]);
        return JIM_ERR;
    }

    /* Now prep for puts -nonewline. It's a shame we don't simply have 'write' */
    objv[0] = argv[0];
    objv[1] = Jim_NewStringObj(interp, "puts", -1);
    objv[2] = Jim_NewStringObj(interp, "-nonewline", -1);
    Jim_IncrRefCount(objv[1]);
    Jim_IncrRefCount(objv[2]);

    while (count < maxlen) {
        jim_wide len = maxlen - count;
        if (len > af->rbuf_len) {
            len = af->rbuf_len;
        }
        if (aio_read_len(interp, af, 0, len) != JIM_OK) {
            ok = 0;
            break;
        }
        objv[3] = aio_read_consume(interp, af, len);
        count += Jim_Length(objv[3]);
        if (Jim_EvalObjVector(interp, 4, objv) != JIM_OK) {
            ok = 0;
            break;
        }
        if (aio_eof(af)) {
            break;
        }
        if (count >= 16384 && af->rbuf_len < 65536) {
            /* Heuristic check - for large copy speed-up */
            af->rbuf_len = 65536;
            af->rbuf = Jim_Realloc(af->rbuf, af->rbuf_len);
        }
    }

    Jim_DecrRefCount(interp, objv[1]);
    Jim_DecrRefCount(interp, objv[2]);

    if (!ok) {
        return JIM_ERR;
    }

    Jim_SetResultInt(interp, count);

    return JIM_OK;
}

static int aio_cmd_gets(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
    Jim_Obj *objPtr = NULL;
    int len;
    int nb;
    unsigned flags = AIO_ONEREAD;
    char *nl = NULL;
    int offset = 0;

    errno = 0;

    /* reads are non-blocking if a timeout has been given */
    nb = aio_start_nonblocking(af);
    if (nb) {
        flags |= AIO_NONBLOCK;
    }

    while (!aio_eof(af)) {
        if (af->readbuf) {
            const char *pt = Jim_GetString(af->readbuf, &len);
            nl = memchr(pt + offset, '\n', len - offset);
            if (nl) {
                /* got a line */
                objPtr = Jim_NewStringObj(interp, pt, nl - pt);
                /* And consume it plus the newline */
                aio_consume(af->readbuf, nl - pt + 1);
                break;
            }
            offset = len;
        }

        /* Not got a line yet, so read more */
        if (aio_read_len(interp, af, flags, -1) != JIM_OK) {
            break;
        }
    }

    aio_set_nonblocking(af, nb);

    if (!nl && aio_eof(af) && af->readbuf) {
        /* Just take what we have as the line */
        objPtr = af->readbuf;
        af->readbuf = NULL;
    }
    else if (!objPtr) {
        objPtr = Jim_NewStringObj(interp, NULL, 0);
    }

    if (argc) {
        if (Jim_SetVariable(interp, argv[0], objPtr) != JIM_OK) {
            Jim_FreeNewObj(interp, objPtr);
            return JIM_ERR;
        }

        len = Jim_Length(objPtr);

        if (!nl && len == 0) {
            /* On EOF or partial line with empty result, returns -1 if varName was specified */
            len = -1;
        }
        Jim_SetResultInt(interp, len);
    }
    else {
        Jim_SetResult(interp, objPtr);
    }
    return JIM_OK;
}

static int aio_cmd_puts(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
    int wlen;
    const char *wdata;
    Jim_Obj *strObj;
    int wnow = 0;
    int nl = 1;

    if (argc == 2) {
        if (!Jim_CompareStringImmediate(interp, argv[0], "-nonewline")) {
            return -1;
        }
        strObj = argv[1];
        nl = 0;
    }
    else {
        strObj = argv[0];
    }

    /* Keep it simple and always go via the writebuf instead of trying to optimise
     * the case that we can write immediately
     */
#ifdef JIM_MAINTAINER
    if (Jim_IsShared(af->writebuf)) {
        /* This should generally never happen since this object isn't accessible,
         * but it is possible with 'debug objects' */
        Jim_DecrRefCount(interp, af->writebuf);
        af->writebuf = Jim_DuplicateObj(interp, af->writebuf);
        Jim_IncrRefCount(af->writebuf);
    }
#endif
    Jim_AppendObj(interp, af->writebuf, strObj);
    if (nl) {
        Jim_AppendString(interp, af->writebuf, "\n", 1);
    }

    /* Now do we need to flush? */
    wdata = Jim_GetString(af->writebuf, &wlen);
    switch (af->wbuft) {
        case WBUF_OPT_NONE:
            /* Just write immediately */
            wnow = 1;
            break;

        case WBUF_OPT_LINE:
            /* Write everything if it contains a newline, or -nonewline wasn't given */
            if (nl || memchr(wdata, '\n', wlen) != NULL) {
                wnow = 1;
            }
            break;

        case WBUF_OPT_FULL:
            if (wlen >= af->wbuf_limit) {
                wnow = 1;
            }
            break;
    }

    if (wnow) {
        return aio_flush(interp, af);
    }
    return JIM_OK;
}

static int aio_cmd_isatty(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
#ifdef HAVE_ISATTY
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
    Jim_SetResultInt(interp, isatty(af->fd));
#else
    Jim_SetResultInt(interp, 0);
#endif

    return JIM_OK;
}

#if defined(HAVE_SOCKETS) && !defined(JIM_BOOTSTRAP)
static int aio_cmd_recvfrom(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
    char *buf;
    union sockaddr_any sa;
    long len;
    socklen_t salen = sizeof(sa);
    int rlen;

    if (Jim_GetLong(interp, argv[0], &len) != JIM_OK) {
        return JIM_ERR;
    }

    buf = Jim_Alloc(len + 1);

    rlen = recvfrom(af->fd, buf, len, 0, &sa.sa, &salen);
    if (rlen < 0) {
        Jim_Free(buf);
        JimAioSetError(interp, NULL);
        return JIM_ERR;
    }
    buf[rlen] = 0;
    Jim_SetResult(interp, Jim_NewStringObjNoAlloc(interp, buf, rlen));

    if (argc > 1) {
        return JimSetVariableSocketAddress(interp, argv[1], &sa, salen);
    }

    return JIM_OK;
}


static int aio_cmd_sendto(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
    int wlen;
    int len;
    const char *wdata;
    union sockaddr_any sa;
    const char *addr = Jim_String(argv[1]);
    socklen_t salen;

    if (JimParseSocketAddress(interp, af->addr_family, SOCK_DGRAM, addr, &sa, &salen) != JIM_OK) {
        return JIM_ERR;
    }
    wdata = Jim_GetString(argv[0], &wlen);

    /* Note that we don't validate the socket type. Rely on sendto() failing if appropriate */
    len = sendto(af->fd, wdata, wlen, 0, &sa.sa, salen);
    if (len < 0) {
        JimAioSetError(interp, NULL);
        return JIM_ERR;
    }
    Jim_SetResultInt(interp, len);
    return JIM_OK;
}

/**
 * Returns the peer name of 'fd' or NULL on error.
 */


static int aio_cmd_accept(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
    int sock;
    union sockaddr_any sa;
    socklen_t salen = sizeof(sa);
    Jim_Obj *filenameObj;
    int n = 0;
    int flags = AIO_NODELETE;

    sock = accept(af->fd, &sa.sa, &salen);
    if (sock < 0) {
        JimAioSetError(interp, NULL);
        return JIM_ERR;
    }

    if (argc > 0 && Jim_CompareStringImmediate(interp, argv[0], "-noclose")) {
        flags = AIO_KEEPOPEN;
        n++;
    }

    if (argc > n) {
        if (JimSetVariableSocketAddress(interp, argv[n], &sa, salen) != JIM_OK) {
            close(sock);
            return JIM_ERR;
        }
    }

    /* This probably can't fail at this point */
    filenameObj = JimFormatSocketAddress(interp, &sa, salen);
    if (!filenameObj) {
        filenameObj = Jim_NewStringObj(interp, "accept", -1);
    }

    /* Create the file command */
    return JimMakeChannel(interp, sock, filenameObj,
        "aio.sockstream%ld", af->addr_family, flags) ? JIM_OK : JIM_ERR;
}

static int aio_cmd_sockname(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
    Jim_Obj *objPtr = aio_sockname(interp, af->fd);

    if (objPtr == NULL) {
        JimAioSetError(interp, NULL);
        return JIM_ERR;
    }
    Jim_SetResult(interp, objPtr);
    return JIM_OK;
}

static int aio_cmd_peername(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
    Jim_Obj *objPtr = aio_peername(interp, af->fd);

    if (objPtr == NULL) {
        JimAioSetError(interp, NULL);
        return JIM_ERR;
    }
    Jim_SetResult(interp, objPtr);
    return JIM_OK;
}

static int aio_cmd_listen(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
    long backlog;

    if (Jim_GetLong(interp, argv[0], &backlog) != JIM_OK) {
        return JIM_ERR;
    }

    if (listen(af->fd, backlog)) {
        JimAioSetError(interp, NULL);
        return JIM_ERR;
    }

    return JIM_OK;
}
#endif /* JIM_BOOTSTRAP */

static int aio_cmd_flush(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
    return aio_flush(interp, af);
}

static int aio_cmd_eof(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);

    Jim_SetResultInt(interp, !!aio_eof(af));
    return JIM_OK;
}

static int aio_cmd_close(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
    if (argc == 3) {
        int option = -1;
#if defined(HAVE_SOCKETS)
        static const char * const options[] = { "r", "w", "-nodelete", NULL };
        enum { OPT_R, OPT_W, OPT_NODELETE };

        if (Jim_GetEnum(interp, argv[2], options, &option, NULL, JIM_ERRMSG) != JIM_OK) {
            return JIM_ERR;
        }
#endif
        switch (option) {
#if defined(HAVE_SHUTDOWN)
            case OPT_R:
            case OPT_W:
                if (shutdown(af->fd, option == OPT_R ? SHUT_RD : SHUT_WR) == 0) {
                    return JIM_OK;
                }
                JimAioSetError(interp, NULL);
                return JIM_ERR;
#endif
#if UNIX_SOCKETS
            case OPT_NODELETE:
                if (af->addr_family == PF_UNIX) {
                    af->flags |= AIO_NODELETE;
                    break;
                }
                /* fall through */
#endif
            default:
                Jim_SetResultString(interp, "not supported", -1);
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
    }

    /* Explicit close ignores AIO_KEEPOPEN */
    af->flags &= ~AIO_KEEPOPEN;

    return Jim_DeleteCommand(interp, argv[0]);
}

static int aio_cmd_seek(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
    int orig = SEEK_SET;
    jim_wide offset;

    if (argc == 2) {
        if (Jim_CompareStringImmediate(interp, argv[1], "start"))
            orig = SEEK_SET;
        else if (Jim_CompareStringImmediate(interp, argv[1], "current"))
            orig = SEEK_CUR;
        else if (Jim_CompareStringImmediate(interp, argv[1], "end"))
            orig = SEEK_END;
        else {
            return -1;
        }
    }
    if (Jim_GetWide(interp, argv[0], &offset) != JIM_OK) {
        return JIM_ERR;
    }
    if (orig != SEEK_CUR || offset != 0) {
        /* Try to write flush if seeking. XXX What about on error? */
        aio_flush(interp, af);
    }
    if (Jim_Lseek(af->fd, offset, orig) == -1) {
        JimAioSetError(interp, af->filename);
        return JIM_ERR;
    }
    if (af->readbuf) {
        Jim_FreeNewObj(interp, af->readbuf);
        af->readbuf = NULL;
    }
    af->flags &= ~AIO_EOF;
    return JIM_OK;
}

static int aio_cmd_tell(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);

    Jim_SetResultInt(interp, Jim_Lseek(af->fd, 0, SEEK_CUR));
    return JIM_OK;
}

static int aio_cmd_filename(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);

    Jim_SetResult(interp, af->filename);
    return JIM_OK;
}

#ifdef O_NDELAY
static int aio_cmd_ndelay(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);

    if (argc) {
        long nb;

        if (Jim_GetLong(interp, argv[0], &nb) != JIM_OK) {
            return JIM_ERR;
        }
        aio_set_nonblocking(af, nb);
    }
    Jim_SetResultInt(interp, (af->flags & AIO_NONBLOCK) ? 1 : 0);
    return JIM_OK;
}
#endif

#if defined(HAVE_SOCKETS) && !defined(JIM_BOOTSTRAP)
#define SOCKOPT_BOOL 0
#define SOCKOPT_INT 1
#define SOCKOPT_TIMEVAL 2   /* not currently supported */

static const struct sockopt_def {
    const char *name;
    int level;
    int opt;
    int type;   /* SOCKOPT_xxx */
} sockopts[] = {
#ifdef SOL_SOCKET
#ifdef SO_BROADCAST
    { "broadcast", SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST },
#endif
#ifdef SO_DEBUG
    { "debug", SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG },
#endif
#ifdef SO_KEEPALIVE
    { "keepalive", SOL_SOCKET, SO_KEEPALIVE },
#endif
#ifdef SO_NOSIGPIPE
    { "nosigpipe", SOL_SOCKET, SO_NOSIGPIPE },
#endif
#ifdef SO_OOBINLINE
    { "oobinline", SOL_SOCKET, SO_OOBINLINE },
#endif
#ifdef SO_SNDBUF
    { "sndbuf", SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, SOCKOPT_INT },
#endif
#ifdef SO_RCVBUF
    { "rcvbuf", SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, SOCKOPT_INT },
#endif
#if 0 && defined(SO_SNDTIMEO)
    { "sndtimeo", SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, SOCKOPT_TIMEVAL },
#endif
#if 0 && defined(SO_RCVTIMEO)
    { "rcvtimeo", SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, SOCKOPT_TIMEVAL },
#endif
#endif
#ifdef IPPROTO_TCP
#ifdef TCP_NODELAY
    { "tcp_nodelay", IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY },
#endif
#endif
};

static int aio_cmd_sockopt(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
    size_t i;

    if (argc == 0) {
        Jim_Obj *dictObjPtr = Jim_NewListObj(interp, NULL, 0);
        for (i = 0; i < sizeof(sockopts) / sizeof(*sockopts); i++) {
            int value = 0;
            socklen_t len = sizeof(value);
            if (getsockopt(af->fd, sockopts[i].level, sockopts[i].opt, (void *)&value, &len) == 0) {
                if (sockopts[i].type == SOCKOPT_BOOL) {
                    value = !!value;
                }
                Jim_ListAppendElement(interp, dictObjPtr, Jim_NewStringObj(interp, sockopts[i].name, -1));
                Jim_ListAppendElement(interp, dictObjPtr, Jim_NewIntObj(interp, value));
            }
        }
        Jim_SetResult(interp, dictObjPtr);
        return JIM_OK;
    }
    if (argc == 1) {
        return -1;
    }

    /* Set an option */
    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(sockopts) / sizeof(*sockopts); i++) {
        if (strcmp(Jim_String(argv[0]), sockopts[i].name) == 0) {
            int on;
            if (sockopts[i].type == SOCKOPT_BOOL) {
                if (Jim_GetBoolean(interp, argv[1], &on) != JIM_OK) {
                    return JIM_ERR;
                }
            }
            else {
                long longval;
                if (Jim_GetLong(interp, argv[1], &longval) != JIM_OK) {
                    return JIM_ERR;
                }
                on = longval;
            }
            if (setsockopt(af->fd, sockopts[i].level, sockopts[i].opt, (void *)&on, sizeof(on)) < 0) {
                Jim_SetResultFormatted(interp, "Failed to set %#s: %s", argv[0], strerror(errno));
                return JIM_ERR;
            }
            return JIM_OK;
        }
    }
    /* Not found */
    Jim_SetResultFormatted(interp, "Unknown sockopt %#s", argv[0]);
    return JIM_ERR;
}
#endif /* JIM_BOOTSTRAP */

#ifdef HAVE_FSYNC
static int aio_cmd_sync(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);

    if (aio_flush(interp, af) != JIM_OK) {
        return JIM_ERR;
    }
    fsync(af->fd);
    return JIM_OK;
}
#endif

static int aio_cmd_buffering(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
    Jim_Obj *resultObj;

    static const char * const options[] = {
        "none",
        "line",
        "full",
        NULL
    };

    if (argc) {
        if (Jim_GetEnum(interp, argv[0], options, &af->wbuft, NULL, JIM_ERRMSG) != JIM_OK) {
            return JIM_ERR;
        }

        if (af->wbuft == WBUF_OPT_FULL && argc == 2) {
            long l;
            if (Jim_GetLong(interp, argv[1], &l) != JIM_OK || l <= 0) {
                return JIM_ERR;
            }
            af->wbuf_limit = l;
        }

        if (af->wbuft == WBUF_OPT_NONE) {
            if (aio_flush(interp, af) != JIM_OK) {
                return JIM_ERR;
            }
        }
        /* don't bother flushing when switching from full to line */
    }

    resultObj = Jim_NewListObj(interp, NULL, 0);
    Jim_ListAppendElement(interp, resultObj, Jim_NewStringObj(interp, options[af->wbuft], -1));
    if (af->wbuft == WBUF_OPT_FULL) {
        Jim_ListAppendElement(interp, resultObj, Jim_NewIntObj(interp, af->wbuf_limit));
    }
    Jim_SetResult(interp, resultObj);

    return JIM_OK;
}

static int aio_cmd_readsize(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);

    if (argc) {
        long l;
        if (Jim_GetLong(interp, argv[0], &l) != JIM_OK || l <= 0) {
            return JIM_ERR;
        }
        af->rbuf_len = l;
        if (af->rbuf) {
            af->rbuf = Jim_Realloc(af->rbuf, af->rbuf_len);
        }
    }
    Jim_SetResultInt(interp, af->rbuf_len);

    return JIM_OK;
}

static int aio_cmd_timeout(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
#ifdef HAVE_SELECT
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
    if (argc == 1) {
        if (Jim_GetLong(interp, argv[0], &af->timeout) != JIM_OK) {
            return JIM_ERR;
        }
    }
    Jim_SetResultInt(interp, af->timeout);
    return JIM_OK;
#else
    Jim_SetResultString(interp, "timeout not supported", -1);
    return JIM_ERR;
#endif
}

#ifdef jim_ext_eventloop
static int aio_eventinfo(Jim_Interp *interp, AioFile * af, unsigned mask,
    int argc, Jim_Obj * const *argv)
{
    if (argc == 0) {
        /* Return current script */
        Jim_Obj *objPtr = Jim_FindFileHandler(interp, af->fd, mask);
        if (objPtr) {
            Jim_SetResult(interp, objPtr);
        }
        return JIM_OK;
    }

    /* Delete old handler */
    Jim_DeleteFileHandler(interp, af->fd, mask);

    /* Now possibly add the new script(s) */
    if (Jim_Length(argv[0])) {
        Jim_CreateScriptFileHandler(interp, af->fd, mask, argv[0]);
    }

    return JIM_OK;
}

static int aio_cmd_readable(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);

    return aio_eventinfo(interp, af, JIM_EVENT_READABLE, argc, argv);
}

static int aio_cmd_writable(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);

    return aio_eventinfo(interp, af, JIM_EVENT_WRITABLE, argc, argv);
}

static int aio_cmd_onexception(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);

    return aio_eventinfo(interp, af, JIM_EVENT_EXCEPTION, argc, argv);
}
#endif

#if defined(jim_ext_file) && defined(Jim_FileStat)
static int aio_cmd_stat(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    jim_stat_t sb;
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);

    if (Jim_FileStat(af->fd, &sb) == -1) {
        JimAioSetError(interp, NULL);
        return JIM_ERR;
    }
    return Jim_FileStoreStatData(interp, argc == 0 ? NULL : argv[0], &sb);
}
#endif

#if defined(JIM_SSL) && !defined(JIM_BOOTSTRAP)
static int aio_cmd_ssl(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
    SSL *ssl;
    SSL_CTX *ssl_ctx;
    int server = 0;
    const char *sni = NULL;

    if (argc > 2) {
        static const char * const options[] = { "-server", "-sni", NULL };
        enum { OPT_SERVER, OPT_SNI };
        int option;

        if (Jim_GetEnum(interp, argv[2], options, &option, NULL, JIM_ERRMSG) != JIM_OK) {
            return JIM_ERR;
        }
        switch (option) {
            case OPT_SERVER:
                if (argc != 4 && argc != 5) {
                    return JIM_ERR;
                }
                server = 1;
                break;

            case OPT_SNI:
                if (argc != 4) {
                    return JIM_ERR;
                }
                sni = Jim_String(argv[3]);
                break;
        }
    }

    if (af->ssl) {
        Jim_SetResultFormatted(interp, "%#s: stream is already ssl", argv[0]);
        return JIM_ERR;
    }

    ssl_ctx = JimAioSslCtx(interp);
    if (ssl_ctx == NULL) {
        return JIM_ERR;
    }

    ssl = SSL_new(ssl_ctx);
    if (ssl == NULL) {
        goto out;
    }

    SSL_set_cipher_list(ssl, "ALL");

    if (SSL_set_fd(ssl, af->fd) == 0) {
        goto out;
    }

    if (server) {
        const char *certfile = Jim_String(argv[3]);
        const char *keyfile = (argc == 4) ? certfile : Jim_String(argv[4]);
        if (SSL_use_certificate_file(ssl, certfile, SSL_FILETYPE_PEM) != 1) {
            goto out;
        }
        if (SSL_use_PrivateKey_file(ssl, keyfile, SSL_FILETYPE_PEM) != 1) {
            goto out;
        }

        if (SSL_accept(ssl) != 1) {
            goto out;
        }
    }
    else {
        if (sni) {
            /* Set server name indication if requested */
            SSL_set_tlsext_host_name(ssl, sni);
        }
        if (SSL_connect(ssl) != 1) {
            goto out;
        }
    }

    af->ssl = ssl;
    af->fops = &ssl_fops;

    /* Set the command name as the result */
    Jim_SetResult(interp, argv[0]);

    return JIM_OK;

out:
    if (ssl) {
        SSL_free(ssl);
    }
    Jim_SetResultString(interp, ERR_error_string(ERR_get_error(), NULL), -1);
    return JIM_ERR;
}

static int aio_cmd_verify(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
    int ret;

    if (!af->fops->verify) {
        return JIM_OK;
    }

    ret = af->fops->verify(af);
    if (ret != JIM_OK) {
        if (JimCheckStreamError(interp, af) == JIM_OK) {
            Jim_SetResultString(interp, "failed to verify the connection authenticity", -1);
        }
    }
    return ret;
}
#endif /* JIM_BOOTSTRAP */

#if defined(HAVE_STRUCT_FLOCK) && !defined(JIM_BOOTSTRAP)
static int aio_cmd_lock(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
    struct flock fl;
    int lockmode = F_SETLK;

    if (argc == 1) {
        if (!Jim_CompareStringImmediate(interp, argv[0], "-wait")) {
            return -1;
        }
        lockmode = F_SETLKW;
    }

    fl.l_start = 0;
    fl.l_len = 0;
    fl.l_type = F_WRLCK;
    fl.l_whence = SEEK_SET;

    switch (fcntl(af->fd, lockmode, &fl))
    {
        case 0:
            Jim_SetResultInt(interp, 1);
            break;
        case -1:
            if (errno == EACCES || errno == EAGAIN)
                Jim_SetResultInt(interp, 0);
            else
            {
                Jim_SetResultFormatted(interp, "lock failed: %s",
                    strerror(errno));
                return JIM_ERR;
            }
            break;
        default:
            Jim_SetResultInt(interp, 0);
            break;
    }

    return JIM_OK;
}

static int aio_cmd_unlock(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
    struct flock fl;
    fl.l_start = 0;
    fl.l_len = 0;
    fl.l_type = F_UNLCK;
    fl.l_whence = SEEK_SET;

    Jim_SetResultInt(interp, fcntl(af->fd, F_SETLK, &fl) == 0);
    return JIM_OK;
}
#endif /* JIM_BOOTSTRAP */

#if defined(HAVE_TERMIOS_H) && !defined(JIM_BOOTSTRAP)
static int aio_cmd_tty(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
    Jim_Obj *dictObjPtr;
    int ret;

    if (argc == 0) {
        /* get the current settings as a dictionary */
        dictObjPtr = Jim_GetTtySettings(interp, af->fd);
        if (dictObjPtr == NULL) {
            JimAioSetError(interp, NULL);
            return JIM_ERR;
        }
        Jim_SetResult(interp, dictObjPtr);
        return JIM_OK;
    }

    if (argc > 1) {
        /* Convert name value arguments to a dictionary */
        dictObjPtr = Jim_NewListObj(interp, argv, argc);
    }
    else {
        /* The settings are already given as a list */
        dictObjPtr = argv[0];
    }
    Jim_IncrRefCount(dictObjPtr);

    if (Jim_ListLength(interp, dictObjPtr) % 2) {
        /* Must be a valid dictionary */
        Jim_DecrRefCount(interp, dictObjPtr);
        return -1;
    }

    ret = Jim_SetTtySettings(interp, af->fd, dictObjPtr);
    if (ret < 0) {
        JimAioSetError(interp, NULL);
        ret = JIM_ERR;
    }
    Jim_DecrRefCount(interp, dictObjPtr);

    return ret;
}

static int aio_cmd_ttycontrol(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    AioFile *af = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
    Jim_Obj *dictObjPtr;
    int ret;

    if (argc == 0) {
        /* get the current settings as a dictionary */
        dictObjPtr = Jim_GetTtyControlSettings(interp, af->fd);
        if (dictObjPtr == NULL) {
            JimAioSetError(interp, NULL);
            return JIM_ERR;
        }
        Jim_SetResult(interp, dictObjPtr);
        return JIM_OK;
    }

    if (argc > 1) {
        /* Convert name value arguments to a dictionary */
        dictObjPtr = Jim_NewListObj(interp, argv, argc);
    }
    else {
        /* The settings are already given as a list */
        dictObjPtr = argv[0];
    }
    Jim_IncrRefCount(dictObjPtr);

    if (Jim_ListLength(interp, dictObjPtr) % 2) {
        /* Must be a valid dictionary */
        Jim_DecrRefCount(interp, dictObjPtr);
        return -1;
    }

    ret = Jim_SetTtyControlSettings(interp, af->fd, dictObjPtr);
    if (ret < 0) {
        JimAioSetError(interp, NULL);
        ret = JIM_ERR;
    }
    Jim_DecrRefCount(interp, dictObjPtr);

    return ret;
}
#endif /* JIM_BOOTSTRAP */

static const jim_subcmd_type aio_command_table[] = {
    {   "read",
        "?-nonewline|len?",
        aio_cmd_read,
        0,
        2,
        /* Description: Read and return bytes from the stream. To eof if no len. */
    },
    {   "copyto",
        "handle ?size?",
        aio_cmd_copy,
        1,
        2,
        /* Description: Copy up to 'size' bytes to the given filehandle, or to eof if no size. */
    },
    {   "getfd",
        NULL,
        aio_cmd_getfd,
        0,
        0,
        /* Description: Internal command to return the underlying file descriptor. */
    },
    {   "gets",
        "?var?",
        aio_cmd_gets,
        0,
        1,
        /* Description: Read one line and return it or store it in the var */
    },
    {   "puts",
        "?-nonewline? str",
        aio_cmd_puts,
        1,
        2,
        /* Description: Write the string, with newline unless -nonewline */
    },
    {   "isatty",
        NULL,
        aio_cmd_isatty,
        0,
        0,
        /* Description: Is the file descriptor a tty? */
    },
#if defined(HAVE_SOCKETS) && !defined(JIM_BOOTSTRAP)
    {   "recvfrom",
        "len ?addrvar?",
        aio_cmd_recvfrom,
        1,
        2,
        /* Description: Receive up to 'len' bytes on the socket. Sets 'addrvar' with receive address, if set */
    },
    {   "sendto",
        "str address",
        aio_cmd_sendto,
        2,
        2,
        /* Description: Send 'str' to the given address (dgram only) */
    },
    {   "accept",
        "?addrvar?",
        aio_cmd_accept,
        0,
        1,
        /* Description: Server socket only: Accept a connection and return stream */
    },
    {   "listen",
        "backlog",
        aio_cmd_listen,
        1,
        1,
        /* Description: Set the listen backlog for server socket */
    },
    {   "sockopt",
        "?opt 0|1?",
        aio_cmd_sockopt,
        0,
        2,
        /* Description: Return a dictionary of sockopts, or set the value of a sockopt */
    },
    {   "sockname",
        NULL,
        aio_cmd_sockname,
        0,
        0,
        /* Description: Returns the local address of the socket, if any */
    },
    {   "peername",
        NULL,
        aio_cmd_peername,
        0,
        0,
        /* Description: Returns the remote address of the socket, if any */
    },
#endif /* JIM_BOOTSTRAP */
    {   "flush",
        NULL,
        aio_cmd_flush,
        0,
        0,
        /* Description: Flush the stream */
    },
    {   "eof",
        NULL,
        aio_cmd_eof,
        0,
        0,
        /* Description: Returns 1 if stream is at eof */
    },
    {   "close",
        "?r(ead)|w(rite)?",
        aio_cmd_close,
        0,
        1,
        JIM_MODFLAG_FULLARGV,
        /* Description: Closes the stream. */
    },
    {   "seek",
        "offset ?start|current|end",
        aio_cmd_seek,
        1,
        2,
        /* Description: Seeks in the stream (default 'current') */
    },
    {   "tell",
        NULL,
        aio_cmd_tell,
        0,
        0,
        /* Description: Returns the current seek position */
    },
    {   "filename",
        NULL,
        aio_cmd_filename,
        0,
        0,
        /* Description: Returns the original filename */
    },
#ifdef O_NDELAY
    {   "ndelay",
        "?0|1?",
        aio_cmd_ndelay,
        0,
        1,
        /* Description: Set O_NDELAY (if arg). Returns current/new setting. */
    },
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_FSYNC
    {   "sync",
        NULL,
        aio_cmd_sync,
        0,
        0,
        /* Description: Flush and fsync() the stream */
    },
#endif
    {   "buffering",
        "?none|line|full? ?size?",
        aio_cmd_buffering,
        0,
        2,
        /* Description: Sets or returns write buffering */
    },
    {   "readsize",
        "?size?",
        aio_cmd_readsize,
        0,
        1,
        /* Description: Sets or returns read size */
    },
#if defined(jim_ext_file) && defined(Jim_FileStat)
    {   "stat",
        "?var?",
        aio_cmd_stat,
        0,
        1,
        /* Description: 'file stat' on the open file */
    },
#endif
#ifdef jim_ext_eventloop
    {   "readable",
        "?readable-script?",
        aio_cmd_readable,
        0,
        1,
        /* Description: Returns script, or invoke readable-script when readable, {} to remove */
    },
    {   "writable",
        "?writable-script?",
        aio_cmd_writable,
        0,
        1,
        /* Description: Returns script, or invoke writable-script when writable, {} to remove */
    },
    {   "onexception",
        "?exception-script?",
        aio_cmd_onexception,
        0,
        1,
        /* Description: Returns script, or invoke exception-script when oob data, {} to remove */
    },
    {   "timeout",
        "?ms?",
        aio_cmd_timeout,
        0,
        1,
        /* Description: Timeout for blocking read, gets */
    },
#endif
#if !defined(JIM_BOOTSTRAP)
#if defined(JIM_SSL)
    {   "ssl",
        "?-server cert ?priv?|-sni servername?",
        aio_cmd_ssl,
        0,
        3,
        JIM_MODFLAG_FULLARGV
        /* Description: Wraps a stream socket with SSL/TLS and returns a new channel */
    },
    {   "verify",
        NULL,
        aio_cmd_verify,
        0,
        0,
        /* Description: Verifies the certificate of a SSL/TLS channel */
    },
#endif
#if defined(HAVE_STRUCT_FLOCK)
    {   "lock",
        "?-wait?",
        aio_cmd_lock,
        0,
        1,
        /* Description: Attempt to get a lock, possibly waiting */
    },
    {   "unlock",
        NULL,
        aio_cmd_unlock,
        0,
        0,
        /* Description: Relase a lock. */
    },
#endif
#if defined(HAVE_TERMIOS_H)
    {   "tty",
        "?baud rate? ?data bits? ?stop bits? ?parity even|odd|none? ?handshake xonxoff|rtscts|none? ?input raw|cooked? ?output raw|cooked? ?echo 0|1? ?vmin n? ?vtime n? ?vstart char? ?vstop char?",
        aio_cmd_tty,
        0,
        -1,
        /* Description: Get or set tty settings - valid only on a tty */
    },
    {   "ttycontrol",
        "?rts 0|1? ?dtr 0|1? ?break duration?",
        aio_cmd_ttycontrol,
        0,
        -1,
        /* Description: Get or set tty modem control settings - valid only on a tty */
    },
#endif
#endif /* JIM_BOOTSTRAP */
    { NULL }
};

static int JimAioSubCmdProc(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    return Jim_CallSubCmd(interp, Jim_ParseSubCmd(interp, aio_command_table, argc, argv), argc, argv);
}

/**
 * Returns open flags or 0 on error.
 */
static int parse_posix_open_mode(Jim_Interp *interp, Jim_Obj *modeObj)
{
    int i;
    int flags = 0;
    #ifndef O_NOCTTY
        /* mingw doesn't support this flag */
        #define O_NOCTTY 0
    #endif
    static const char * const modetypes[] = {
        "RDONLY", "WRONLY", "RDWR", "APPEND", "BINARY", "CREAT", "EXCL", "NOCTTY", "TRUNC", NULL
    };
    static const int modeflags[] = {
        O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY, O_RDWR, O_APPEND, 0, O_CREAT, O_EXCL, O_NOCTTY, O_TRUNC,
    };

    for (i = 0; i < Jim_ListLength(interp, modeObj); i++) {
        int opt;
        Jim_Obj *objPtr = Jim_ListGetIndex(interp, modeObj, i);
        if (Jim_GetEnum(interp, objPtr, modetypes, &opt, "access mode", JIM_ERRMSG) != JIM_OK) {
            return -1;
        }
        flags |= modeflags[opt];
    }
    return flags;
}

/**
 * Returns flags for open() or -1 on error and sets an error.
 */
static int parse_open_mode(Jim_Interp *interp, Jim_Obj *filenameObj, Jim_Obj *modeObj)
{
    /* Parse the specified mode. */
    int flags;
    const char *mode = Jim_String(modeObj);
    if (*mode == 'R' || *mode == 'W') {
        return parse_posix_open_mode(interp, modeObj);
    }
    if (*mode == 'r') {
        flags = O_RDONLY;
    }
    else if (*mode == 'w') {
        flags = O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC;
    }
    else if (*mode == 'a') {
        flags = O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_APPEND;
    }
    else {
        Jim_SetResultFormatted(interp, "%s: invalid open mode '%s'", Jim_String(filenameObj), mode);
        return -1;
    }
    mode++;

    if (*mode == 'b') {
#ifdef O_BINARY
        flags |= O_BINARY;
#endif
        mode++;
    }

    if (*mode == 't') {
#ifdef O_TEXT
        flags |= O_TEXT;
#endif
        mode++;
    }

    if (*mode == '+') {
        mode++;
        /* read+write so set O_RDWR instead */
        flags &= ~(O_RDONLY | O_WRONLY);
        flags |= O_RDWR;
    }

    if (*mode == 'x') {
        mode++;
#ifdef O_EXCL
        flags |= O_EXCL;
#endif
    }

    if (*mode == 'F') {
        mode++;
#ifdef O_LARGEFILE
        flags |= O_LARGEFILE;
#endif
    }

    if (*mode == 'e') {
        /* ignore close on exec since this is the default */
        mode++;
    }
    return flags;
}

static int JimAioOpenCommand(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc,
        Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    int openflags;
    const char *filename;
    int fd = -1;
    int n = 0;
    int flags = 0;

    if (argc > 2 && Jim_CompareStringImmediate(interp, argv[2], "-noclose")) {
        flags = AIO_KEEPOPEN;
        n++;
    }
    if (argc < 2 || argc > 3 + n) {
        Jim_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, argv, "filename ?-noclose? ?mode?");
        return JIM_ERR;
    }

    filename = Jim_String(argv[1]);

#ifdef jim_ext_tclcompat
    {

        /* If the filename starts with '|', use popen instead */
        if (*filename == '|') {
            Jim_Obj *evalObj[3];
            int i = 0;

            evalObj[i++] = Jim_NewStringObj(interp, "::popen", -1);
            evalObj[i++] = Jim_NewStringObj(interp, filename + 1, -1);
            if (argc == 3 + n) {
                evalObj[i++] = argv[2 + n];
            }

            return Jim_EvalObjVector(interp, i, evalObj);
        }
    }
#endif
    if (argc == 3 + n) {
        openflags = parse_open_mode(interp, argv[1], argv[2 + n]);
        if (openflags == -1) {
            return JIM_ERR;
        }
    }
    else {
        openflags = O_RDONLY;
    }
    fd = open(filename, openflags, 0666);
    if (fd < 0) {
        JimAioSetError(interp, argv[1]);
        return JIM_ERR;
    }

    return JimMakeChannel(interp, fd, argv[1], "aio.handle%ld", 0, flags) ? JIM_OK : JIM_ERR;
}

#if defined(JIM_SSL) && !defined(JIM_BOOTSTRAP)
static void JimAioSslContextDelProc(struct Jim_Interp *interp, void *privData)
{
    SSL_CTX_free((SSL_CTX *)privData);
    ERR_free_strings();
}

#ifdef USE_TLSv1_2_method
#define TLS_method TLSv1_2_method
#endif

static SSL_CTX *JimAioSslCtx(Jim_Interp *interp)
{
    SSL_CTX *ssl_ctx = (SSL_CTX *)Jim_GetAssocData(interp, "ssl_ctx");
    if (ssl_ctx == NULL) {
        SSL_load_error_strings();
        SSL_library_init();
        ssl_ctx = SSL_CTX_new(TLS_method());
        if (ssl_ctx && SSL_CTX_set_default_verify_paths(ssl_ctx)) {
            SSL_CTX_set_verify(ssl_ctx, SSL_VERIFY_NONE, NULL);
            Jim_SetAssocData(interp, "ssl_ctx", JimAioSslContextDelProc, ssl_ctx);
        } else {
            Jim_SetResultString(interp, ERR_error_string(ERR_get_error(), NULL), -1);
        }
    }
    return ssl_ctx;
}
#endif /* JIM_BOOTSTRAP */

/**
 * Creates a channel for fd/filename.
 *
 * fd must be a valid file descriptor.
 *
 * hdlfmt is a sprintf format for the filehandle. Anything with %ld at the end will do.
 * mode is used for open or fdopen.
 *
 * Creates the command and sets the name as the current result.
 * Returns the AioFile pointer on sucess or NULL on failure (only if fdopen fails).
 */
static AioFile *JimMakeChannel(Jim_Interp *interp, int fd, Jim_Obj *filename,
    const char *hdlfmt, int family, int flags)
{
    AioFile *af;
    char buf[AIO_CMD_LEN];
    Jim_Obj *cmdname;

    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), hdlfmt, Jim_GetId(interp));
    cmdname = Jim_NewStringObj(interp, buf, -1);
    if (!filename) {
        filename = cmdname;
    }
    Jim_IncrRefCount(filename);

    /* Create the file command */
    af = Jim_Alloc(sizeof(*af));
    memset(af, 0, sizeof(*af));
    af->filename = filename;
    af->fd = fd;
    af->addr_family = family;
    af->fops = &stdio_fops;
    af->ssl = NULL;
    if (flags & AIO_WBUF_NONE) {
        af->wbuft = WBUF_OPT_NONE;
    }
    else {
#ifdef HAVE_ISATTY
        af->wbuft = isatty(af->fd) ? WBUF_OPT_LINE : WBUF_OPT_FULL;
#else
        af->wbuft = WBUF_OPT_FULL;
#endif
    }
    /* don't set flags yet so that aio_set_nonblocking() works */
#ifdef FD_CLOEXEC
    if ((flags & AIO_KEEPOPEN) == 0) {
        (void)fcntl(af->fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
    }
#endif
    aio_set_nonblocking(af, !!(flags & AIO_NONBLOCK));
    /* Now set flags */
    af->flags |= flags;
    /* Create an empty write buf */
    af->writebuf = Jim_NewStringObj(interp, NULL, 0);
    Jim_IncrRefCount(af->writebuf);
    af->wbuf_limit = AIO_DEFAULT_WBUF_LIMIT;
    af->rbuf_len = AIO_DEFAULT_RBUF_LEN;
    /* Don't allocate rbuf or readbuf until we need it */

    Jim_CreateCommand(interp, buf, JimAioSubCmdProc, af, JimAioDelProc);

    /* Note that the command must use the global namespace, even if
     * the current namespace is something different
     */
    Jim_SetResult(interp, Jim_MakeGlobalNamespaceName(interp, cmdname));

    return af;
}

#if defined(HAVE_PIPE) || (defined(HAVE_SOCKETPAIR) && UNIX_SOCKETS) || defined(HAVE_OPENPTY)
/**
 * Create a pair of channels. e.g. from pipe() or socketpair()
 */
static int JimMakeChannelPair(Jim_Interp *interp, int p[2], Jim_Obj *filename,
    const char *hdlfmt, int family, int flags)
{
    if (JimMakeChannel(interp, p[0], filename, hdlfmt, family, flags)) {
        Jim_Obj *objPtr = Jim_NewListObj(interp, NULL, 0);
        Jim_ListAppendElement(interp, objPtr, Jim_GetResult(interp));
        if (JimMakeChannel(interp, p[1], filename, hdlfmt, family, flags)) {
            Jim_ListAppendElement(interp, objPtr, Jim_GetResult(interp));
            Jim_SetResult(interp, objPtr);
            return JIM_OK;
        }
    }

    /* Can only be here if fdopen() failed */
    close(p[0]);
    close(p[1]);
    JimAioSetError(interp, NULL);
    return JIM_ERR;
}
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_PIPE
static int JimCreatePipe(Jim_Interp *interp, Jim_Obj *filenameObj, int flags)
{
    int p[2];

    if (pipe(p) != 0) {
        JimAioSetError(interp, NULL);
        return JIM_ERR;
    }

    return JimMakeChannelPair(interp, p, filenameObj, "aio.pipe%ld", 0, flags);
}

/* Note that if you want -noclose, use "socket -noclose pipe" instead */
static int JimAioPipeCommand(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    if (argc != 1) {
        Jim_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, argv, "");
        return JIM_ERR;
    }
    return JimCreatePipe(interp, argv[0], 0);
}
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_OPENPTY
static int JimAioOpenPtyCommand(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    int p[2];
    char path[MAXPATHLEN];

    if (argc != 1) {
        Jim_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, argv, "");
        return JIM_ERR;
    }

    if (openpty(&p[0], &p[1], path, NULL, NULL) != 0) {
        JimAioSetError(interp, NULL);
        return JIM_ERR;
    }

    /* Note: The replica path will be used for both handles */
    return JimMakeChannelPair(interp, p, Jim_NewStringObj(interp, path, -1), "aio.pty%ld", 0, 0);
    return JimMakeChannelPair(interp, p, Jim_NewStringObj(interp, path, -1), "aio.pty%ld", 0, 0);
}
#endif

#if defined(HAVE_SOCKETS) && !defined(JIM_BOOTSTRAP)

static int JimAioSockCommand(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    const char *socktypes[] = {
        "unix",
        "unix.server",
        "unix.dgram",
        "unix.dgram.server",
        "dgram",
        "dgram.server",
        "stream",
        "stream.server",
        "pipe",
        "pair",
        "pty",
        NULL
    };
    enum
    {
        SOCK_UNIX,
        SOCK_UNIX_SERVER,
        SOCK_UNIX_DGRAM,
        SOCK_UNIX_DGRAM_SERVER,
        SOCK_DGRAM_CLIENT,
        SOCK_DGRAM_SERVER,
        SOCK_STREAM_CLIENT,
        SOCK_STREAM_SERVER,
        SOCK_STREAM_PIPE,
        SOCK_STREAM_SOCKETPAIR,
        SOCK_STREAM_PTY,
    };
    int socktype;
    int sock;
    const char *addr = NULL;
    const char *bind_addr = NULL;
    const char *connect_addr = NULL;
    Jim_Obj *filename = NULL;
    union sockaddr_any sa;
    socklen_t salen;
    int on = 1;
    int reuse = 0;
    int do_listen = 0;
    int family = PF_INET;
    int type = SOCK_STREAM;
    Jim_Obj *argv0 = argv[0];
    int ipv6 = 0;
    int async = 0;
    int flags = 0;

    if (argc == 2 && Jim_CompareStringImmediate(interp, argv[1], "-commands")) {
        return Jim_CheckShowCommands(interp, argv[1], socktypes);
    }

    while (argc > 1 && Jim_String(argv[1])[0] == '-') {
        static const char * const options[] = { "-async", "-ipv6", "-noclose", NULL };
        enum { OPT_ASYNC, OPT_IPV6, OPT_NOCLOSE };
        int option;

        if (Jim_GetEnum(interp, argv[1], options, &option, NULL, JIM_ERRMSG) != JIM_OK) {
            return JIM_ERR;
        }
        switch (option) {
            case OPT_ASYNC:
                flags |= AIO_NONBLOCK;
                break;

            case OPT_IPV6:
                if (!IPV6) {
                    Jim_SetResultString(interp, "ipv6 not supported", -1);
                    return JIM_ERR;
                }
                ipv6 = 1;
                family = PF_INET6;
                break;

            case OPT_NOCLOSE:
                flags |= AIO_KEEPOPEN;
                break;

        }
        argc--;
        argv++;
    }

    if (argc < 2) {
      wrongargs:
        Jim_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, &argv0, "?-async? ?-ipv6? socktype ?address?");
        return JIM_ERR;
    }

    if (Jim_GetEnum(interp, argv[1], socktypes, &socktype, "socktype", JIM_ERRMSG) != JIM_OK) {
        /* No need to check for -commands here since we did it above */
        return JIM_ERR;
    }

    Jim_SetEmptyResult(interp);

    if (argc > 2) {
        addr = Jim_String(argv[2]);
        filename = argv[2];
    }

#if defined(HAVE_SOCKETPAIR) && UNIX_SOCKETS
    if (socktype == SOCK_STREAM_SOCKETPAIR) {
        int p[2];

        if (addr || ipv6) {
            goto wrongargs;
        }

        if (socketpair(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, p) < 0) {
            JimAioSetError(interp, NULL);
            return JIM_ERR;
        }
        /* Should we expect socketpairs to be line buffered by default? */
        return JimMakeChannelPair(interp, p, argv[1], "aio.sockpair%ld", PF_UNIX, 0);
    }
#endif

#if defined(HAVE_PIPE)
    if (socktype == SOCK_STREAM_PIPE) {
        if (addr || ipv6) {
            goto wrongargs;
        }
        return JimCreatePipe(interp, argv[1], flags);
    }
#endif

    /* Now all these socket types are very similar */
    switch (socktype) {
        case SOCK_DGRAM_CLIENT:
            connect_addr = addr;
            type =  SOCK_DGRAM;
            break;

        case SOCK_STREAM_CLIENT:
            if (addr == NULL) {
                goto wrongargs;
            }
            connect_addr = addr;
            break;

        case SOCK_STREAM_SERVER:
            if (addr == NULL) {
                goto wrongargs;
            }
            bind_addr = addr;
            reuse = 1;
            do_listen = 1;
            break;

        case SOCK_DGRAM_SERVER:
            if (addr == NULL) {
                goto wrongargs;
            }
            bind_addr = addr;
            type = SOCK_DGRAM;
            reuse = 1;
            break;

#if UNIX_SOCKETS
        case SOCK_UNIX:
            if (addr == NULL) {
                goto wrongargs;
            }
            connect_addr = addr;
            family = PF_UNIX;
            break;

        case SOCK_UNIX_DGRAM:
            connect_addr = addr;
            type = SOCK_DGRAM;
            family = PF_UNIX;
            /* A dgram unix domain socket client needs to bind
             * to a temporary address to allow the server to
             * send responses
             */
             {
                int tmpfd = Jim_MakeTempFile(interp, NULL, 1);
                if (tmpfd < 0) {
                    return JIM_ERR;
                }
                close(tmpfd);
                /* This will be valid until a result is next set, which is long enough here */
                bind_addr = Jim_String(Jim_GetResult(interp));
            }
            break;

        case SOCK_UNIX_SERVER:
            if (addr == NULL) {
                goto wrongargs;
            }
            bind_addr = addr;
            family = PF_UNIX;
            do_listen = 1;
            break;

        case SOCK_UNIX_DGRAM_SERVER:
            if (addr == NULL) {
                goto wrongargs;
            }
            bind_addr = addr;
            type = SOCK_DGRAM;
            family = PF_UNIX;
            break;
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_OPENPTY
        case SOCK_STREAM_PTY:
            if (addr || ipv6) {
                goto wrongargs;
            }
            return JimAioOpenPtyCommand(interp, 1, &argv[1]);
#endif

        default:
            Jim_SetResultString(interp, "Unsupported socket type", -1);
            return JIM_ERR;
    }

    /* Now do all the steps necessary for the given socket type */
    sock = socket(family, type, 0);
    if (sock < 0) {
        JimAioSetError(interp, NULL);
        return JIM_ERR;
    }
    if (bind_addr) {
        if (JimParseSocketAddress(interp, family, type, bind_addr, &sa, &salen) != JIM_OK) {
            close(sock);
            return JIM_ERR;
        }
        if (reuse) {
            setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (void *)&on, sizeof(on));
        }
        if (bind(sock, &sa.sa, salen)) {
            Jim_SetResultFormatted(interp, "%s: bind: %s", bind_addr, strerror(errno));
            close(sock);
            return JIM_ERR;
        }
    }
    if (connect_addr) {
        if (JimParseSocketAddress(interp, family, type, connect_addr, &sa, &salen) != JIM_OK) {
            close(sock);
            return JIM_ERR;
        }
        if (connect(sock, &sa.sa, salen)) {
            if (async && errno == EINPROGRESS) {
                /* OK */
            }
            else {
                Jim_SetResultFormatted(interp, "%s: connect: %s", connect_addr, strerror(errno));
                close(sock);
                return JIM_ERR;
            }
        }
    }
    if (do_listen) {
        if (listen(sock, 5)) {
            Jim_SetResultFormatted(interp, "listen: %s", strerror(errno));
            close(sock);
            return JIM_ERR;
        }
    }
    if (!filename) {
        filename = argv[1];
    }

    return JimMakeChannel(interp, sock, filename, "aio.sock%ld", family, flags) ? JIM_OK : JIM_ERR;
}
#endif /* JIM_BOOTSTRAP */

#if defined(JIM_SSL) && !defined(JIM_BOOTSTRAP)
static int JimAioLoadSSLCertsCommand(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
    SSL_CTX *ssl_ctx;

    if (argc != 2) {
        Jim_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, argv, "dir");
        return JIM_ERR;
    }

    ssl_ctx = JimAioSslCtx(interp);
    if (!ssl_ctx) {
        return JIM_ERR;
    }
    if (SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations(ssl_ctx, NULL, Jim_String(argv[1])) == 1) {
        return JIM_OK;
    }
    Jim_SetResultString(interp, ERR_error_string(ERR_get_error(), NULL), -1);
    return JIM_ERR;
}
#endif /* JIM_BOOTSTRAP */

int Jim_aioInit(Jim_Interp *interp)
{
    if (Jim_PackageProvide(interp, "aio", "1.0", JIM_ERRMSG))
        return JIM_ERR;

#if defined(JIM_SSL)
    Jim_CreateCommand(interp, "load_ssl_certs", JimAioLoadSSLCertsCommand, NULL, NULL);
#endif

    Jim_CreateCommand(interp, "open", JimAioOpenCommand, NULL, NULL);
#ifdef HAVE_SOCKETS
    Jim_CreateCommand(interp, "socket", JimAioSockCommand, NULL, NULL);
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_PIPE
    Jim_CreateCommand(interp, "pipe", JimAioPipeCommand, NULL, NULL);
#endif

    /* Create filehandles for stdin, stdout and stderr */
    JimMakeChannel(interp, fileno(stdin), NULL, "stdin", 0, AIO_KEEPOPEN);
    JimMakeChannel(interp, fileno(stdout), NULL, "stdout", 0, AIO_KEEPOPEN);
    JimMakeChannel(interp, fileno(stderr), NULL, "stderr", 0, AIO_KEEPOPEN | AIO_WBUF_NONE);

    return JIM_OK;
}