Upgrade Alloy to Prometheus 2.50

[ptodev]

Request

Upgrade Agent's go.mod file to the latest version of Prometheus - 2.50.

Use case

• Keeping current with the latest Prometheus developments.
• Helps us to take advantage of the Prometheus changes implemented via Work with Prometheus to stop globally registering metrics agent#2406
• Helps us close Support for NS records to discovery.dns agent#5905

[github-actions]

This issue has not had any activity in the past 30 days, so the needs-attention label has been added to it.
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Thank you for your contributions!

[thampiotr]

With this change landing in Prometheus, one of the issues with global registration of OTEL flags will be addressed, so perhaps it's worth waiting for it to be released.