- 1. 通过
python -m pytest
调用pytest
- 2.
pytest
执行结束时返回的状态码 - 3. 获取帮助信息
- 4. 最多允许失败的测试用例数
- 5. 执行指定的测试用例
- 6. 修改回溯信息的输出模式
- 7. 总结报告
- 8. 失败时加载PDB(Python Debugger)环境
- 9. 开始执行时就加载
PDB
环境 - 10. 设置断点
- 11. 使用内置的中断函数
- 12. 分析测试执行时间
- 13. 错误句柄
- 14. 创建
JUnitXML
格式的测试报告 - 15. 在报告中为测试用例附加额外的子节点信息
- 16. 创建纯文本格式的测试报告
- 17. 为测试报告提供
URL
链接 --pastebin
服务 - 18. 尽早的加载插件
- 19. 去使能插件
- 20. 在
python
代码中调用pytest
你可以通过python的解释器来执行测试:
python -m pytest [...]
但是,这和直接执行pytest [...]
命令的效果几乎是一模一样的;
pytest
命令执行结束,可能会返回以下六种状态码:
- 0:(OK)所有收集到的用例测试通过
- 1:(TESTS_FAILED)有用例测试失败
- 2:(INTERRUPTED)用户打断测试执行
- 3:(INTERNAL_ERROR)测试执行的过程中,发生内部错误
- 4:(USAGE_ERROR)
pytest
命令使用错误 - 5:(NO_TESTS_COLLECTED)没有收集到测试用例
它们在枚举类 _pytest.main.ExitCode 中声明。并且,其作为公开API的一部分,能够直接引入和访问:
from pytest import ExitCode
pytest --version # 查看版本号和pytest的引入路径
pytest -h # 查看帮助信息
当达到最大上限时,退出执行;如未配置,则没有上限:
pytest -x # 遇到第一个失败时,退出执行
pytest --maxfail==2 # 遇到第二个失败时,退出执行
pytest
支持多种方式来执行特定的测试用例:
pytest test_mod.py
pytest testing/
执行当前目录下,名字包含_class
但不包含two
的测试用例:
pytest -k "_class and not two" .
注意:python的关键字不可以应用在
-k
选项中,例如,class
、def
等。
pytest
为每一个收集到的测试用例指定一个唯一的nodeid
。其由模块名加说明符构成,中间以::
间隔。
其中,说明符可以是类名、函数名以及由parametrize
标记赋予的参数:
# src/chapter-2/test_nodeid.py
import pytest
def test_one():
print('test_one')
assert 1
class TestNodeId:
def test_one(self):
print('TestNodeId::test_one')
assert 1
@pytest.mark.parametrize('x,y', [(1, 1), (3, 4)])
def test_two(self, x, y):
print(f'TestNodeId::test_two::{x} == {y}')
assert x == y
在上述示例中,我们创建了三个测试用例,分别对应不同的说明符:
-
指定函数名执行
$ pipenv run pytest -q -s src/chapter-2/test_nodeid.py::test_one test_one . 1 passed in 0.01s
-
指定类名+函数名执行
$ pipenv run pytest -q -s src/chapter-2/test_nodeid.py::TestNodeId::test_one TestNodeId::test_one . 1 passed in 0.01s
-
指定由
parametrize
标记赋予的参数执行$ pipenv run pytest -q -s src/chapter-2/test_nodeid.py::TestNodeId::test_two[1-1] TestNodeId::test_two::1 == 1 . 1 passed in 0.01s
这里对参数
x
、y
赋值的形式是[1-1]
,中间以-
间隔;单个或多个参数的赋值形式以此类比;并且,只能为
[1-1]
或者[3-4]
,其它的会报错;
注意:
这里我们也可以使用
-k
选项达到同样的效果:
首先,可以使用
--collect-only
选项查看用例名:λ pipenv run pytest -q -s --collect-only src/chapter-2/test_nodeid.py test_nodeid.py::test_one test_nodeid.py::TestNodeId::test_one test_nodeid.py::TestNodeId::test_two[1-1] test_nodeid.py::TestNodeId::test_two[3-4]然后,使用
-k
执行符合规则的用例,例如:执行test_nodeid.py::test_one
:λ pipenv run pytest -q -s -k 'test_one and not TestNodeId' src/chapter-2/test_nodeid.py test_one . 1 passed, 3 deselected in 0.02s结果和执行
pipenv run pytest -q -s src/chapter-2/test_nodeid.py::test_one
一样;
pytest -m slow
pytest --pyargs pkg.testing
pytest
会引入pkg.testing
包,并在它的系统目录下搜寻测试用例并执行;
pytest回溯信息的输出一共有六种模式:auto/long/short/line/native/no,用--tb
选项指定:
pytest -l, --showlocals # 打印本地变量
pytest --tb=auto # 默认模式
pytest --tb=long # 尽可能详细的输出
pytest --tb=short # 更简短的输出
pytest --tb=line # 每个失败信息总结在一行中
pytest --tb=native # python的标准输出
pytest --tb=no # 不打印失败信息
--full-trace
是一种比--tb=long
更详细的输出模式。它甚至能观察到用户打断执行(Ctrl+C
)时的回溯信息,而上述六种模式默认是不输出此类信息的。
-r
选项可以在执行结束后,打印一个简短的总结报告。在执行的测试用例很多时,可以让你对结果有个清晰的了解:
# src/chapter-2/test_report.py
import pytest
@pytest.fixture
def error_fixture():
assert 0
def test_ok():
print("ok")
def test_fail():
assert 0
def test_error(error_fixture):
pass
def test_skip():
pytest.skip("skipping this test")
def test_xfail():
pytest.xfail("xfailing this test")
@pytest.mark.xfail(reason="always xfail")
def test_xpass():
pass
$ pipenv run pytest -q -rA src/chapter-2/test_report.py
.FEsxX [100%]
================================ ERRORS =================================
_____________________ ERROR at setup of test_error ______________________
@pytest.fixture
def error_fixture():
> assert 0
E assert 0
src/chapter-2/test_report.py:27: AssertionError
=============================== FAILURES ================================
_______________________________ test_fail _______________________________
def test_fail():
> assert 0
E assert 0
src/chapter-2/test_report.py:35: AssertionError
================================ PASSES =================================
________________________________ test_ok ________________________________
------------------------- Captured stdout call --------------------------
ok
======================== short test summary info ========================
PASSED src/chapter-2/test_report.py::test_ok
SKIPPED [1] /Users/yaomeng/Private/Projects/pytest-chinese-doc/src/chapter-2/test_report.py:44: skipping this test
XFAIL src/chapter-2/test_report.py::test_xfail
reason: xfailing this test
XPASS src/chapter-2/test_report.py::test_xpass always xfail
ERROR src/chapter-2/test_report.py::test_error - assert 0
FAILED src/chapter-2/test_report.py::test_fail - assert 0
1 failed, 1 passed, 1 skipped, 1 xfailed, 1 xpassed, 1 error in 0.08s
-r
选项后面要紧接这一个参数,用于过滤显示测试用例的结果。
以下是所有有效的字符参数:
- f:失败的
- E:出错的
- s:跳过执行的
- x:跳过执行,并标记为xfailed的
- X:跳过执行,并标记为xpassed的
- p:测试通过的
- P:测试通过,并且有输出信息的;即用例中有
print
等 - a:除了测试通过的,其他所有的;即除了
p
和P
的 - A:所有的
上述字符参数可以叠加使用,例如:我们期望过滤出失败的和未执行的:
pytest -rfs
8. 失败时加载PDB(Python Debugger)环境
PDB
是python
内建的诊断器,pytest
允许通过以下命令在执行失败时进入这个诊断器模式:
pytest --pdb
pytest
会在测试用例失败(或者Ctrl+C
)时,调用这个诊断器:
# src/chapter-2/test_pdb.py
def test_fail():
x = 1
assert x == 0
$ pipenv run pytest -q --pdb src/chapter-2/test_pdb.py
F
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> traceback >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
def test_fail():
x = 1
> assert x == 0
E assert 1 == 0
src/chapter-2/test_pdb.py:25: AssertionError
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> entering PDB >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> PDB post_mortem (IO-capturing turned off) >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
> /Users/yaomeng/Private/Projects/pytest-chinese-doc/src/chapter-2/test_pdb.py(25)test_fail()
-> assert x == 0
(Pdb)
(Pdb) x
1
(Pdb)
(Pdb) import sys
(Pdb) sys.last_value
AssertionError('assert 1 == 0')
(Pdb) sys.last_type
<class 'AssertionError'>
(Pdb) sys.last_traceback
<traceback object at 0x1077ec808>
你还可以访问测试用例的本地变量x
;
失败的信息存储在sys.last_value, sys.last_type, sys.last_traceback
变量中,你可以在交互环境中访问它们;
使用exit
命令,退出PDB
环境;
通过以下命令,pytest
允许你在每个测试用例开始执行时,就加载PDB
环境:
pytest --trace
在测试用例代码中添加import pdb;pdb.set_trace()
,当其被调用时,pytest
会停止这条用例的输出:
- 其他用例不受影响;
- 通过
continue
命令,退出PDB
环境,并继续执行用例;
python 3.7介绍了一个内置breakpoint()
函数。pytest可以在以下场景中支持使用:
- 当
breakpoint()
被调用,并且PYTHONBREAKPOINT
为None
时,pytest
会使用内部自定义的PDB
代替系统的; - 测试执行结束时,自动切回系统自带的
PDB
; - 当加上
--pdb
选项时,breakpoint()
和测试发生错误时,都会调用内部自定义的PDB
; --pdbcls
选项允许指定一个用户自定义的PDB
类;
获取执行最慢的10个测试用例:
pytest --durations=10
默认情况下,pytest
不会显示执行时间<0.01s的测试用例,可以使用-vv
选项查看它们;
5.0
版本新增特性
在测试执行中发生段错误或者超时的情况下,faulthandler
标准模块可以转储python
的回溯信息;
它在pytest
的执行中默认使能,使用-p no:faulthandler
选项可以关闭它;
同样,faulthandler_timeout=X
配置项,可用于当测试用例的完成时间超过X
秒时,转储所有线程的python
回溯信息:
# src/chapter-2/pytest.ini
[pytest]
faulthandler_timeout=5
配置测试执行的超时时间是5秒;
# test_fault_handler.py
import time
def test_faulthandler():
time.sleep(7)
assert 1
测试用例中添加等待7秒的操作;
-
默认使能
faulthandler
的情况:$ pipenv run pytest -q src/chapter-2/test_faulthandler.py Timeout (0:00:05)! Thread 0x000000010ff275c0 (most recent call first): File "/Users/yaomeng/Private/Projects/pytest-chinese-doc/src/chapter-2/test_faulthandler.py", line 26 in test_faulthandler File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pytest/python.py", line 170 in pytest_pyfunc_call File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/callers.py", line 187 in _multicall File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/manager.py", line 86 in <lambda> File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/manager.py", line 92 in _hookexec File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/hooks.py", line 286 in __call__ File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pytest/python.py", line 1423 in runtest File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pytest/runner.py", line 117 in pytest_runtest_call File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/callers.py", line 187 in _multicall File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/manager.py", line 86 in <lambda> File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/manager.py", line 92 in _hookexec File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/hooks.py", line 286 in __call__ File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pytest/runner.py", line 192 in <lambda> File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pytest/runner.py", line 220 in from_call File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pytest/runner.py", line 192 in call_runtest_hook File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pytest/runner.py", line 167 in call_and_report File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pytest/runner.py", line 87 in runtestprotocol File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pytest/runner.py", line 72 in pytest_runtest_protocol File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/callers.py", line 187 in _multicall File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/manager.py", line 86 in <lambda> File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/manager.py", line 92 in _hookexec File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/hooks.py", line 286 in __call__ File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pytest/main.py", line 256 in pytest_runtestloop File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/callers.py", line 187 in _multicall File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/manager.py", line 86 in <lambda> File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/manager.py", line 92 in _hookexec File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/hooks.py", line 286 in __call__ File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pytest/main.py", line 235 in _main File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pytest/main.py", line 191 in wrap_session File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pytest/main.py", line 228 in pytest_cmdline_main File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/callers.py", line 187 in _multicall File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/manager.py", line 86 in <lambda> File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/manager.py", line 92 in _hookexec File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/hooks.py", line 286 in __call__ File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pytest/config/__init__.py", line 77 in main File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/bin/pytest", line 10 in <module> . [100%] 1 passed in 7.02s
在执行刚超过5秒的时候会打印出回溯信息。但不会中断测试的执行;
-
去使能
faulthandler
的情况:$ pipenv run pytest -q -p no:faulthandler src/chapter-2/test_faulthandler.py . [100%] 1 passed in 7.02s
超时并不会触发回溯信息的打印;
注意:
这个功能是从pytest-faulthandler插件合并而来的,但是有两点不同:
- 去使能时,使用
-p no:faulthandler
代替原来的--no-faulthandler
;- 使用
faulthandler_timeout
配置项代替--faulthandler-timeout
命令行选项来配置超时时间。当然,你也可以使用-o faulthandler_timeout=X
在命令行配置;
使用如下命令,可以在指定的path
中创建一个能被Jenkins或者其他CI工具读取的XML
格式的测试报告:
pytest --junitxml=path
你可以在项目的pytest.ini
文件中,通过设置junit_suite_name
的值,自定义XML
文件中testsuite
根节点的name
信息:
junit_suite_name
是4.0
版本新增的配置项;
# src/chapter-2/pytest.ini
[pytest]
junit_suite_name = pytest_chinese_doc
我们来执行一个测试用例test_nodeid.py::test_one
看看效果:
pipenv run pytest -q --junitxml=src/chapter-2/report/test_one.xml src/chapter-2/test_nodeid.py::test_one
生成的XML
测试报告:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<testsuites>
<testsuite errors="0" failures="0" hostname="NJ-LUYAO-T460" name="pytest_chinese_doc" skipped="0" tests="1"
time="0.030" timestamp="2019-09-27T14:33:32.459788">
<testcase classname="test_nodeid" file="test_nodeid.py" line="24" name="test_one" time="0.002">
<system-out>test_one
</system-out>
</testcase>
</testsuite>
</testsuites>
我们可以看到,<testsuite>
节点的name
属性的值,变为我们所期望的pytest_chinese_doc
,而不是默认的pytest
;
JUnit XML规定time
属性应该表明测试用例执行的全部耗时,包含setup
和teardown
中的操作,这也是pytest的默认行为;
如果你只想记录测试用例执行的时间,只需要做如下配置:
# src/chapter-2/pytest.ini
junit_duration_report = call
我们有两种方式实现这个功能:
-
使用
record_property fixture
:为
test_record_property
用例添加一个额外的test_id
:# src/chapter-2/test_xml_report.py def test_record_property(record_property): record_property("test_id", 10010) assert 1
在报告中的表现为
<property name="test_id" value="10010" />
:<!-- src/chapter-2/report/test_record_property.xml --> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <testsuites> <testsuite errors="0" failures="0" hostname="NJ-LUYAO-T460" name="pytest_chinese_doc" skipped="0" tests="1" time="0.024" timestamp="2019-09-27T15:02:41.277369"> <testcase classname="test_xml_report" file="test_xml_report.py" line="22" name="test_record_property" time="0.002"> <properties> <property name="test_id" value="10010" /> </properties> </testcase> </testsuite> </testsuites>
-
解析一个自定义的标记
@pytest.mark.test_id()
:首先,修改
pytest_collection_modifyitems
钩子方法,添加对test_id
标记的支持:# src/chapter-2/conftest.py def pytest_collection_modifyitems(session, config, items): for item in items: for marker in item.iter_markers(name="test_id"): test_id = marker.args[0] item.user_properties.append(("test_id", test_id))
然后,修改测试用例:
# src/chapter-2/test_xml_report.py import pytest @pytest.mark.test_id(10010) def test_record_property1(): assert 1
在报告中的也表现为
<property name="test_id" value="10010" />
:<!-- src/chapter-2/report/test_record_property1.xml --> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <testsuites> <testsuite errors="0" failures="0" hostname="NJ-LUYAO-T460" name="pytest_chinese_doc" skipped="0" tests="1" time="0.029" timestamp="2019-09-27T15:16:05.309308"> <testcase classname="test_xml_report" file="test_xml_report.py" line="29" name="test_record_property1" time="0.001"> <properties> <property name="test_id" value="10010" /> </properties> </testcase> </testsuite> </testsuites>
注意:
这时我们会接收到一个告警:
PytestUnknownMarkWarning: Unknown pytest.mark.test_id - is this a typo? You can register custom marks to avoid this warning - for details, see https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/mark.html
这是因为我们没有在
pytest
中注册test_id
标记,但不影响正常的执行;如果你想去除这个告警,只需要在
pytest.ini
的配置文件中注册这个标记:[pytest] markers = test_id: 为测试用例添加ID
注意:
变动后的报告可能不符合最新的
JUnitXML
的模式检查规则,导致在某些CI工具上可能会发生未知的错误;
可以通过record_xml_attribute fixture
为测试用例附加额外的属性,而不像record_property
为其添加子节点;
为测试用例添加一个test_id
属性,并修改原先的classname
属性:
# src/chapter-2/test_xml_report.py
def test_record_property2(record_xml_attribute):
record_xml_attribute('test_id', 10010)
record_xml_attribute('classname', 'custom_classname')
assert 1
在报告中的表现为<testcase classname="custom_classname" test_id="10010" ...
:
<!-- src/chapter-2/report/test_record_property2.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<testsuites>
<testsuite errors="0" failures="0" hostname="NJ-LUYAO-T460" name="pytest_chinese_doc" skipped="0" tests="1"
time="0.028" timestamp="2019-09-27T15:35:47.093494">
<testcase classname="custom_classname" file="test_xml_report.py" line="34" name="test_record_property2"
test_id="10010" time="0.001"></testcase>
</testsuite>
</testsuites>
注意:
record_xml_attribute
目前是一个实验性的功能,未来可能被更强大的API所替代,但功能本身会被保留。变动后的报告可能不符合最新的
JUnitXML
的模式检查规则,导致在某些CI工具上可能会发生未知的错误;
4.5
版本新增功能
可以通过自定义一个session
作用域级别的fixture
,为测试集添加子节点信息,并且会作用于所有的测试用例;
这个自定义的fixture
需要调用另外一个record_testsuite_property fixture
:
record_testsuite_property
接收两个参数name
和value
以构成<property>
标签,其中,name
必须为字符串,value
会转换为字符串并进行XML转义;
# src/chapter-2/test_xml_report.py
@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def log_global_env_facts(record_testsuite_property):
record_testsuite_property("EXECUTOR", "luizyao")
record_testsuite_property("LOCATION", "NJ")
def test_record_property3(log_global_env_facts):
assert 1
生成的测试报告表现为:在testsuite
节点中,多了一个properties
子节点,包含所有新增的属性节点,而且,它和所有的testcase
节点是平级的;
<!-- src/chapter-2/report/test_record_property3.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<testsuites>
<testsuite errors="0" failures="0" hostname="NJ-LUYAO-T460" name="pytest_chinese_doc" skipped="0" tests="1"
time="0.027" timestamp="2019-09-27T15:52:34.562238">
<properties>
<property name="EXECUTOR" value="luizyao" />
<property name="LOCATION" value="NJ" />
</properties>
<testcase classname="test_xml_report" file="test_xml_report.py" line="46" name="test_record_property3" time="0.002">
</testcase>
</testsuite>
</testsuites>
注意:
这样生成的XML文件是符合最新的
xunit
标准的,这点和record_property
、record_xml_attribute
正好相反;
不推荐使用,计划在
pytest 6.0
中删除这个功能
使用如下命令,可以在指定的path
中创建一个纯文本的测试报告:
pytest --resultlog=path
目前,只实现了在http://bpaste.net上的展示功能;
-
为每一个失败的测试用例创建一个URL
pytest --pastebin=failed
也可以通过添加
-x
选项,只为第一个失败的测试用例创建一个URL; -
为所有的测试用例创建一个URL
pytest --pastebin=all
你可以在命令行中使用-p
选项,来尽早的加载某一个插件:
pytest -p mypluginmodule
-p
选项接收一个name
参数,这个参数可以为:
- 一个完整的本地插件引入,例如:
myproject.plugins
,其必须是可以import
的。 - 一个公共插件的名称,这是其注册时在
setuptools
中赋予的名字,例如:尽早的加载pytest-cov插件:pytest -p pytest_cov
你可以在命令行中使用-p
结合no:
,来去使能一个插件的加载,例如:
pytest -p no:doctest
可以直接在代码中调用pytest
:
pytest.main()
这和你在命令行中执行pytest .
几乎是一样的,但其也有以下特点:
-
不会触发
SystemExit
,而是返回exitcode:# src/chapter-2/invoke_via_main.py import time def test_one(): time.sleep(10) if __name__ == '__main__': import pytest ret = pytest.main(['-q', __file__]) print("pytest.main() 返回 pytest.ExitCode.INTERRUPTED:", ret == pytest.ExitCode.INTERRUPTED)
用例中有等待10秒的操作,在这期间,打断执行(
Ctr+C
),pytest.main()
返回的是INTERRUPTED
状态码;λ pipenv run python src/chapter-2/invoke_via_main.py !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! KeyboardInterrupt !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! D:\Personal Files\Projects\pytest-chinese-doc\src\chapter-2\invoke_via_main.py:26: KeyboardInterrupt (to show a full traceback on KeyboardInterrupt use --full-trace) no tests ran in 1.04s pytest.main() 返回 pytest.ExitCode.INTERRUPTED: True Aborted!
-
传递选项和参数:
pytest.main(["-x", "mytestdir"])
-
指定一个插件:
import pytest class MyPlugin: def pytest_sessionfinish(self): print("*** test run reporting finishing") pytest.main(["-qq"], plugins=[MyPlugin()])
注意:
调用
pytest.main()
会引入你的测试文件以及其引用的所有模块。由于python引入机制的缓存特性,当这些文件发生变化时,后续再调用pytest.main()
(在同一个程序执行过程中)时,并不会响应这些文件的变化。基于这个原因,我们不推荐在同一个程序中多次调用
pytest.main()
(例如:为了重新执行测试;如果你确实有这个需求,或许可以考虑pytest-repeat插件);