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2、使用和调用.md

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1. 通过python -m pytest调用pytest

你可以通过python的解释器来执行测试:

python -m pytest [...]

但是,这和直接执行pytest [...]命令的效果几乎是一模一样的;

2. pytest执行结束时返回的状态码

pytest命令执行结束,可能会返回以下六种状态码:

  • 0:(OK)所有收集到的用例测试通过
  • 1:(TESTS_FAILED)有用例测试失败
  • 2:(INTERRUPTED)用户打断测试执行
  • 3:(INTERNAL_ERROR)测试执行的过程中,发生内部错误
  • 4:(USAGE_ERROR)pytest命令使用错误
  • 5:(NO_TESTS_COLLECTED)没有收集到测试用例

它们在枚举类 _pytest.main.ExitCode 中声明。并且,其作为公开API的一部分,能够直接引入和访问:

from pytest import ExitCode

3. 获取帮助信息

pytest --version  # 查看版本号和pytest的引入路径
pytest -h  # 查看帮助信息

4. 最多允许失败的测试用例数

当达到最大上限时,退出执行;如未配置,则没有上限:

pytest -x  # 遇到第一个失败时,退出执行
pytest --maxfail==2  # 遇到第二个失败时,退出执行

5. 执行指定的测试用例

pytest支持多种方式来执行特定的测试用例:

5.1. 执行指定模块中的测试用例

pytest test_mod.py

5.2. 执行指定目录下所有的测试用例

pytest testing/

5.3. 执行文件名、类名或者函数名中包含特定关键字的测试用例

执行当前目录下,名字包含_class但不包含two的测试用例:

pytest -k "_class and not two" .

注意:python的关键字不可以应用在-k选项中,例如,classdef等。

5.4. 执行指定nodeid的测试用例

pytest为每一个收集到的测试用例指定一个唯一的nodeid。其由模块名加说明符构成,中间以::间隔。

其中,说明符可以是类名、函数名以及由parametrize标记赋予的参数

# src/chapter-2/test_nodeid.py

import pytest


def test_one():
    print('test_one')
    assert 1


class TestNodeId:
    def test_one(self):
        print('TestNodeId::test_one')
        assert 1

    @pytest.mark.parametrize('x,y', [(1, 1), (3, 4)])
    def test_two(self, x, y):
        print(f'TestNodeId::test_two::{x} == {y}')
        assert x == y

在上述示例中,我们创建了三个测试用例,分别对应不同的说明符

  • 指定函数名执行

    $ pipenv run pytest -q -s src/chapter-2/test_nodeid.py::test_one
    test_one
    .
    1 passed in 0.01s
  • 指定类名+函数名执行

    $ pipenv run pytest -q -s src/chapter-2/test_nodeid.py::TestNodeId::test_one
    TestNodeId::test_one
    .
    1 passed in 0.01s
  • 指定parametrize标记赋予的参数执行

    $ pipenv run pytest -q -s src/chapter-2/test_nodeid.py::TestNodeId::test_two[1-1]
    TestNodeId::test_two::1 == 1
    .
    1 passed in 0.01s

    这里对参数xy赋值的形式是[1-1],中间以-间隔;

    单个或多个参数的赋值形式以此类比;并且,只能为[1-1]或者[3-4],其它的会报错;

注意:

这里我们也可以使用-k选项达到同样的效果:

  • 首先,可以使用--collect-only选项查看用例名:

    λ pipenv run pytest -q -s --collect-only src/chapter-2/test_nodeid.py
    test_nodeid.py::test_one
    test_nodeid.py::TestNodeId::test_one
    test_nodeid.py::TestNodeId::test_two[1-1]
    test_nodeid.py::TestNodeId::test_two[3-4]
  • 然后,使用-k执行符合规则的用例,例如:执行test_nodeid.py::test_one

    λ pipenv run pytest -q -s -k 'test_one and not TestNodeId' src/chapter-2/test_nodeid.py
    test_one
    .
    1 passed, 3 deselected in 0.02s

    结果和执行pipenv run pytest -q -s src/chapter-2/test_nodeid.py::test_one一样;

5.5. 执行指定标记的用例

pytest -m slow

5.6. 执行指定包中的测试用例

pytest --pyargs pkg.testing

pytest会引入pkg.testing包,并在它的系统目录下搜寻测试用例并执行;

6. 修改回溯信息的输出模式

pytest回溯信息的输出一共有六种模式:auto/long/short/line/native/no,用--tb选项指定:

pytest -l, --showlocals         # 打印本地变量
pytest --tb=auto                # 默认模式
pytest --tb=long                # 尽可能详细的输出
pytest --tb=short               # 更简短的输出
pytest --tb=line                # 每个失败信息总结在一行中
pytest --tb=native              # python的标准输出
pytest --tb=no                  # 不打印失败信息

--full-trace是一种比--tb=long更详细的输出模式。它甚至能观察到用户打断执行(Ctrl+C)时的回溯信息,而上述六种模式默认是不输出此类信息的。

7. 总结报告

-r选项可以在执行结束后,打印一个简短的总结报告。在执行的测试用例很多时,可以让你对结果有个清晰的了解:

# src/chapter-2/test_report.py

import pytest


@pytest.fixture
def error_fixture():
    assert 0


def test_ok():
    print("ok")


def test_fail():
    assert 0


def test_error(error_fixture):
    pass


def test_skip():
    pytest.skip("skipping this test")


def test_xfail():
    pytest.xfail("xfailing this test")


@pytest.mark.xfail(reason="always xfail")
def test_xpass():
    pass
$ pipenv run pytest -q -rA src/chapter-2/test_report.py 
.FEsxX                                                            [100%]
================================ ERRORS =================================
_____________________ ERROR at setup of test_error ______________________

    @pytest.fixture
    def error_fixture():
>       assert 0
E       assert 0

src/chapter-2/test_report.py:27: AssertionError
=============================== FAILURES ================================
_______________________________ test_fail _______________________________

    def test_fail():
>       assert 0
E       assert 0

src/chapter-2/test_report.py:35: AssertionError
================================ PASSES =================================
________________________________ test_ok ________________________________
------------------------- Captured stdout call --------------------------
ok
======================== short test summary info ========================
PASSED src/chapter-2/test_report.py::test_ok
SKIPPED [1] /Users/yaomeng/Private/Projects/pytest-chinese-doc/src/chapter-2/test_report.py:44: skipping this test
XFAIL src/chapter-2/test_report.py::test_xfail
  reason: xfailing this test
XPASS src/chapter-2/test_report.py::test_xpass always xfail
ERROR src/chapter-2/test_report.py::test_error - assert 0
FAILED src/chapter-2/test_report.py::test_fail - assert 0
1 failed, 1 passed, 1 skipped, 1 xfailed, 1 xpassed, 1 error in 0.08s

-r选项后面要紧接这一个参数,用于过滤显示测试用例的结果。

以下是所有有效的字符参数:

  • f:失败的
  • E:出错的
  • s:跳过执行的
  • x:跳过执行,并标记为xfailed的
  • X:跳过执行,并标记为xpassed的
  • p:测试通过的
  • P:测试通过,并且有输出信息的;即用例中有print
  • a:除了测试通过的,其他所有的;即除了pP
  • A:所有的

上述字符参数可以叠加使用,例如:我们期望过滤出失败的和未执行的:

pytest -rfs

8. 失败时加载PDB(Python Debugger)环境

PDBpython内建的诊断器,pytest允许通过以下命令在执行失败时进入这个诊断器模式:

pytest --pdb

pytest会在测试用例失败(或者Ctrl+C)时,调用这个诊断器:

# src/chapter-2/test_pdb.py

def test_fail():
    x = 1
    assert x == 0
$ pipenv run pytest -q --pdb src/chapter-2/test_pdb.py 
F
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> traceback >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

    def test_fail():
        x = 1
>       assert x == 0
E       assert 1 == 0

src/chapter-2/test_pdb.py:25: AssertionError
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> entering PDB >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> PDB post_mortem (IO-capturing turned off) >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
> /Users/yaomeng/Private/Projects/pytest-chinese-doc/src/chapter-2/test_pdb.py(25)test_fail()
-> assert x == 0
(Pdb) 
(Pdb) x
1
(Pdb) 
(Pdb) import sys
(Pdb) sys.last_value
AssertionError('assert 1 == 0')
(Pdb) sys.last_type
<class 'AssertionError'>
(Pdb) sys.last_traceback
<traceback object at 0x1077ec808>

你还可以访问测试用例的本地变量x

失败的信息存储在sys.last_value, sys.last_type, sys.last_traceback变量中,你可以在交互环境中访问它们;

使用exit命令,退出PDB环境;

9. 开始执行时就加载PDB环境

通过以下命令,pytest允许你在每个测试用例开始执行时,就加载PDB环境:

pytest --trace

10. 设置断点

在测试用例代码中添加import pdb;pdb.set_trace(),当其被调用时,pytest会停止这条用例的输出:

  • 其他用例不受影响;
  • 通过continue命令,退出PDB环境,并继续执行用例;

11. 使用内置的中断函数

python 3.7介绍了一个内置breakpoint()函数。pytest可以在以下场景中支持使用:

  • breakpoint()被调用,并且PYTHONBREAKPOINTNone时,pytest会使用内部自定义的PDB代替系统的;
  • 测试执行结束时,自动切回系统自带的PDB
  • 当加上--pdb选项时,breakpoint()和测试发生错误时,都会调用内部自定义的PDB
  • --pdbcls选项允许指定一个用户自定义的PDB类;

12. 分析测试执行时间

获取执行最慢的10个测试用例:

pytest --durations=10

默认情况下,pytest不会显示执行时间<0.01s的测试用例,可以使用-vv选项查看它们;

13. 错误句柄

5.0版本新增特性

在测试执行中发生段错误或者超时的情况下,faulthandler标准模块可以转储python的回溯信息;

它在pytest的执行中默认使能,使用-p no:faulthandler选项可以关闭它;

同样,faulthandler_timeout=X配置项,可用于当测试用例的完成时间超过X秒时,转储所有线程的python回溯信息:

# src/chapter-2/pytest.ini

[pytest]
faulthandler_timeout=5

配置测试执行的超时时间是5秒;

# test_fault_handler.py 

import time


def test_faulthandler():
    time.sleep(7)
    assert 1

测试用例中添加等待7秒的操作;

  • 默认使能faulthandler的情况:

    $ pipenv run pytest -q src/chapter-2/test_faulthandler.py 
    Timeout (0:00:05)!
    Thread 0x000000010ff275c0 (most recent call first):
      File "/Users/yaomeng/Private/Projects/pytest-chinese-doc/src/chapter-2/test_faulthandler.py", line 26 in test_faulthandler
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pytest/python.py", line 170 in pytest_pyfunc_call
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/callers.py", line 187 in _multicall
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/manager.py", line 86 in <lambda>
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/manager.py", line 92 in _hookexec
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/hooks.py", line 286 in __call__
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pytest/python.py", line 1423 in runtest
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pytest/runner.py", line 117 in pytest_runtest_call
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/callers.py", line 187 in _multicall
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/manager.py", line 86 in <lambda>
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/manager.py", line 92 in _hookexec
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/hooks.py", line 286 in __call__
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pytest/runner.py", line 192 in <lambda>
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pytest/runner.py", line 220 in from_call
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pytest/runner.py", line 192 in call_runtest_hook
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pytest/runner.py", line 167 in call_and_report
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pytest/runner.py", line 87 in runtestprotocol
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pytest/runner.py", line 72 in pytest_runtest_protocol
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/callers.py", line 187 in _multicall
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/manager.py", line 86 in <lambda>
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/manager.py", line 92 in _hookexec
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/hooks.py", line 286 in __call__
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pytest/main.py", line 256 in pytest_runtestloop
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/callers.py", line 187 in _multicall
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/manager.py", line 86 in <lambda>
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/manager.py", line 92 in _hookexec
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/hooks.py", line 286 in __call__
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pytest/main.py", line 235 in _main
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pytest/main.py", line 191 in wrap_session
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pytest/main.py", line 228 in pytest_cmdline_main
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/callers.py", line 187 in _multicall
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/manager.py", line 86 in <lambda>
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/manager.py", line 92 in _hookexec
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pluggy/hooks.py", line 286 in __call__
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pytest/config/__init__.py", line 77 in main
      File "/Users/yaomeng/.local/share/virtualenvs/pytest-chinese-doc-EK3zIUmM/bin/pytest", line 10 in <module>
    .                                                                 [100%]
    1 passed in 7.02s

    在执行刚超过5秒的时候会打印出回溯信息。但不会中断测试的执行;

  • 去使能faulthandler的情况:

    $ pipenv run pytest -q -p no:faulthandler src/chapter-2/test_faulthandler.py 
    .                                                                 [100%]
    1 passed in 7.02s

    超时并不会触发回溯信息的打印;

注意:

这个功能是从pytest-faulthandler插件合并而来的,但是有两点不同:

  • 去使能时,使用-p no:faulthandler代替原来的--no-faulthandler;
  • 使用faulthandler_timeout 配置项代替--faulthandler-timeout命令行选项来配置超时时间。当然,你也可以使用-o faulthandler_timeout=X在命令行配置;

14. 创建JUnitXML格式的测试报告

使用如下命令,可以在指定的path中创建一个能被Jenkins或者其他CI工具读取的XML格式的测试报告:

pytest --junitxml=path

你可以在项目的pytest.ini文件中,通过设置junit_suite_name的值,自定义XML文件中testsuite根节点的name信息:

junit_suite_name4.0版本新增的配置项;

# src/chapter-2/pytest.ini

[pytest]
junit_suite_name = pytest_chinese_doc

我们来执行一个测试用例test_nodeid.py::test_one看看效果:

pipenv run pytest -q --junitxml=src/chapter-2/report/test_one.xml src/chapter-2/test_nodeid.py::test_one

生成的XML测试报告:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<testsuites>
  <testsuite errors="0" failures="0" hostname="NJ-LUYAO-T460" name="pytest_chinese_doc" skipped="0" tests="1"
    time="0.030" timestamp="2019-09-27T14:33:32.459788">
    <testcase classname="test_nodeid" file="test_nodeid.py" line="24" name="test_one" time="0.002">
      <system-out>test_one
      </system-out>
    </testcase>
  </testsuite>
</testsuites>

我们可以看到,<testsuite>节点的name属性的值,变为我们所期望的pytest_chinese_doc,而不是默认的pytest

JUnit XML规定time属性应该表明测试用例执行的全部耗时,包含setupteardown中的操作,这也是pytest的默认行为;

如果你只想记录测试用例执行的时间,只需要做如下配置:

# src/chapter-2/pytest.ini

junit_duration_report = call

15. 在报告中为测试用例附加额外的子节点信息

我们有两种方式实现这个功能:

  • 使用record_property fixture

    test_record_property用例添加一个额外的test_id

    # src/chapter-2/test_xml_report.py
    
    def test_record_property(record_property):
        record_property("test_id", 10010)
        assert 1

    在报告中的表现为<property name="test_id" value="10010" />

    <!-- src/chapter-2/report/test_record_property.xml -->
    
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <testsuites>
      <testsuite errors="0" failures="0" hostname="NJ-LUYAO-T460" name="pytest_chinese_doc" skipped="0" tests="1"
        time="0.024" timestamp="2019-09-27T15:02:41.277369">
        <testcase classname="test_xml_report" file="test_xml_report.py" line="22" name="test_record_property" time="0.002">
          <properties>
            <property name="test_id" value="10010" />
          </properties>
        </testcase>
      </testsuite>
    </testsuites>
  • 解析一个自定义的标记@pytest.mark.test_id():

    首先,修改pytest_collection_modifyitems钩子方法,添加对test_id标记的支持:

    # src/chapter-2/conftest.py
    
    def pytest_collection_modifyitems(session, config, items):
        for item in items:
            for marker in item.iter_markers(name="test_id"):
                test_id = marker.args[0]
                item.user_properties.append(("test_id", test_id))

    然后,修改测试用例:

    # src/chapter-2/test_xml_report.py
    
    import pytest
    
    @pytest.mark.test_id(10010)
    def test_record_property1():
        assert 1

    在报告中的也表现为<property name="test_id" value="10010" />

    <!-- src/chapter-2/report/test_record_property1.xml -->
    
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <testsuites>
      <testsuite errors="0" failures="0" hostname="NJ-LUYAO-T460" name="pytest_chinese_doc" skipped="0" tests="1"
        time="0.029" timestamp="2019-09-27T15:16:05.309308">
        <testcase classname="test_xml_report" file="test_xml_report.py" line="29" name="test_record_property1" time="0.001">
          <properties>
            <property name="test_id" value="10010" />
          </properties>
        </testcase>
      </testsuite>
    </testsuites>

    注意:

    这时我们会接收到一个告警:

    PytestUnknownMarkWarning: Unknown pytest.mark.test_id - is this a typo? You can register custom marks to avoid this warning - for details, see https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/mark.html

    这是因为我们没有在pytest中注册test_id标记,但不影响正常的执行;

    如果你想去除这个告警,只需要在pytest.ini的配置文件中注册这个标记:

    [pytest]
    markers =
        test_id: 为测试用例添加ID
    

注意:

变动后的报告可能不符合最新的JUnitXML的模式检查规则,导致在某些CI工具上可能会发生未知的错误;

15.1. 在报告中为测试用例附加额外的属性信息

可以通过record_xml_attribute fixture为测试用例附加额外的属性,而不像record_property为其添加子节点;

为测试用例添加一个test_id属性,并修改原先的classname属性:

# src/chapter-2/test_xml_report.py

def test_record_property2(record_xml_attribute):
    record_xml_attribute('test_id', 10010)
    record_xml_attribute('classname', 'custom_classname')
    assert 1

在报告中的表现为<testcase classname="custom_classname" test_id="10010" ...

<!-- src/chapter-2/report/test_record_property2.xml -->

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<testsuites>
  <testsuite errors="0" failures="0" hostname="NJ-LUYAO-T460" name="pytest_chinese_doc" skipped="0" tests="1"
    time="0.028" timestamp="2019-09-27T15:35:47.093494">
    <testcase classname="custom_classname" file="test_xml_report.py" line="34" name="test_record_property2"
      test_id="10010" time="0.001"></testcase>
  </testsuite>
</testsuites>

注意:

  • record_xml_attribute目前是一个实验性的功能,未来可能被更强大的API所替代,但功能本身会被保留。

  • 变动后的报告可能不符合最新的JUnitXML的模式检查规则,导致在某些CI工具上可能会发生未知的错误;

15.2. 在报告中为测试集附加额外的子节点信息

4.5版本新增功能

可以通过自定义一个session作用域级别的fixture,为测试集添加子节点信息,并且会作用于所有的测试用例;

这个自定义的fixture需要调用另外一个record_testsuite_property fixture

record_testsuite_property接收两个参数namevalue以构成<property>标签,其中,name必须为字符串,value会转换为字符串并进行XML转义;

# src/chapter-2/test_xml_report.py

@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def log_global_env_facts(record_testsuite_property):
    record_testsuite_property("EXECUTOR", "luizyao")
    record_testsuite_property("LOCATION", "NJ")


def test_record_property3(log_global_env_facts):
    assert 1

生成的测试报告表现为:在testsuite节点中,多了一个properties子节点,包含所有新增的属性节点,而且,它和所有的testcase节点是平级的;

<!-- src/chapter-2/report/test_record_property3.xml -->

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<testsuites>
  <testsuite errors="0" failures="0" hostname="NJ-LUYAO-T460" name="pytest_chinese_doc" skipped="0" tests="1"
    time="0.027" timestamp="2019-09-27T15:52:34.562238">
    <properties>
      <property name="EXECUTOR" value="luizyao" />
      <property name="LOCATION" value="NJ" />
    </properties>
    <testcase classname="test_xml_report" file="test_xml_report.py" line="46" name="test_record_property3" time="0.002">
    </testcase>
  </testsuite>
</testsuites>

注意:

这样生成的XML文件是符合最新的xunit标准的,这点和record_propertyrecord_xml_attribute正好相反;

16. 创建纯文本格式的测试报告

不推荐使用,计划在pytest 6.0中删除这个功能

使用如下命令,可以在指定的path中创建一个纯文本的测试报告:

pytest --resultlog=path

17. 为测试报告提供URL链接 -- pastebin服务

目前,只实现了在http://bpaste.net上的展示功能;

  • 为每一个失败的测试用例创建一个URL

    pytest --pastebin=failed

    也可以通过添加-x选项,只为第一个失败的测试用例创建一个URL;

  • 为所有的测试用例创建一个URL

    pytest --pastebin=all

18. 尽早的加载插件

你可以在命令行中使用-p选项,来尽早的加载某一个插件:

pytest -p mypluginmodule

-p选项接收一个name参数,这个参数可以为:

  • 一个完整的本地插件引入,例如:myproject.plugins,其必须是可以import的。
  • 一个公共插件的名称,这是其注册时在setuptools中赋予的名字,例如:尽早的加载pytest-cov插件:
    pytest -p pytest_cov

19. 去使能插件

你可以在命令行中使用-p结合no:,来去使能一个插件的加载,例如:

pytest -p no:doctest

20. python代码中调用pytest

可以直接在代码中调用pytest

pytest.main()

这和你在命令行中执行pytest .几乎是一样的,但其也有以下特点:

  • 不会触发SystemExit,而是返回exitcode

    # src/chapter-2/invoke_via_main.py
    
    import time
    
    
    def test_one():
        time.sleep(10)
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        import pytest
        ret = pytest.main(['-q', __file__])
        print("pytest.main() 返回 pytest.ExitCode.INTERRUPTED:", ret == pytest.ExitCode.INTERRUPTED)

    用例中有等待10秒的操作,在这期间,打断执行(Ctr+C),pytest.main()返回的是INTERRUPTED状态码;

    λ pipenv run python src/chapter-2/invoke_via_main.py
    
    !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! KeyboardInterrupt !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 
    D:\Personal Files\Projects\pytest-chinese-doc\src\chapter-2\invoke_via_main.py:26: KeyboardInterrupt
    (to show a full traceback on KeyboardInterrupt use --full-trace)
    no tests ran in 1.04s
    pytest.main() 返回 pytest.ExitCode.INTERRUPTED: True
    
    Aborted!
  • 传递选项和参数:

    pytest.main(["-x", "mytestdir"])
  • 指定一个插件:

    import pytest
    
    
    class MyPlugin:
        def pytest_sessionfinish(self):
            print("*** test run reporting finishing")
    
    
    pytest.main(["-qq"], plugins=[MyPlugin()])

注意:

调用pytest.main()会引入你的测试文件以及其引用的所有模块。由于python引入机制的缓存特性,当这些文件发生变化时,后续再调用pytest.main()(在同一个程序执行过程中)时,并不会响应这些文件的变化。

基于这个原因,我们不推荐在同一个程序中多次调用pytest.main()(例如:为了重新执行测试;如果你确实有这个需求,或许可以考虑pytest-repeat插件);