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A simple computer program for calculating stress and strain rate in 2D viscous inclusion-matrix systems

Finite difference algorithm using iterative solver to simuLate 2D viscous deformation.

Code versions for Matlab and freely available GNU Octave.

Published in W.R. Halter, E. Macherel, and S.M. Schmalholz (2022) JSG.

  • Some of our published model configurations can be found in Examples_Matlab or Examples_Octave for didactical purpose and to ensure the reproducibility of our results.

  • Some errors were found in the original version of the published code. The codes on this GitHub page were since corrected. The original (wrong) codes can still be looked at in the folder Previous_code_versions. For more details about the errors in the previous code versions and their correction, check the corrigendum 1 and corrigendum 2.

All codes on this page are free software under the Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND license.

Pure shear vs. simple shear

Fig. 6a & 6b compare the two implemented boundary conditions. We chose a hard rectangular inclusion.
Both codes are completely identical except for line 5

ps          = 1;        % ps = 1 models pure shear; ps = 0 models simple shear

where in Fig. 6a we activate pure shear, whereas in Fig. 6b we activate simple shear.

Fig. 6a setup: hard rectangular inclusion, pure shear

Fig. 6b: hard rectangular inclusion, simple shear

Linear viscous vs. power-law viscous

Fig. 8a & 8b compare the two implemented viscous rheologies. We chose a weak elliptical inclusion.

In both figures the inclusion is linear viscous. In Fig. 8a, also the matrix is linear viscous, whereas in Fig. 8b the matrix uses a combined flow-law, including a power-law viscosity. More details about the chosen model configuration in Halter et al. 2022.

Both codes are completely identical except for line 19

n_exp       = 5;

where in Fig. 8b we chose a power-law exponent > 1.

Fig. 8a: soft elliptical inclusion, linear viscous

Fig. 8b: soft elliptical inclusion, power-law viscous

Multiple inclusions

Fig. 9 illustrates the interaction between multiple inclusions. This model configuration is calculated on a higher resolution (901 x 601) and takes multiple hours to fully converge. Results will be added later.

Garnet

In Fig. 10 we want to investigate whether we can infer the pressure field inside and around a rigid garnet porphyroblast. To define the shape of the garnet we created a polygon using Matlab's ginput function on a photo of a real rock.

Fig. 10: garnet inclusion

Note the error convergence behaviour. In this example, the (absolute) error reaches a plateau before fully converging to the bottom. This behaviour is typical for the pseudo-transient method.

Boudinage

In Fig. 11 we show the pressure and stress distribution inside and between 2 separating boudin blocks. Feel free to modify the code visualization to confirm that the horizontal total stress (Sxx) is indeed continuous across the weak gap, as discussed in Halter et al. 2022.

Fig. 11: boudinage

Computation time

An overview of approximate calculation times obtained on a commercial laptop (Lenovo ThinkPad P1 gen 3).

Model configuration Resolution (nx,ny) Tolerance Computation time (seconds)
Fig. 6a - Rectangle pure shear (201,201) 1e-6 450
Fig. 6b - Rectangle simple shear (201,201) 1e-6 450
Fig. 8a - Ellipse linear viscous (201,201) 1e-6 207
Fig. 8b - Ellipes power-law viscous (201,201) 1e-6 162
Fig. 10 - Garnet (301,186) 1e-6 803
Fig. 11 - Boudinage (201,201) 1e-6 28