diff --git a/lib/extend/filter.ts b/lib/extend/filter.ts
index 98b34de1f3..09a6496eb8 100644
--- a/lib/extend/filter.ts
+++ b/lib/extend/filter.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import Promise from 'bluebird';
+import { extend_filter_before_post_render_data } from '../plugins/filter/before_post_render/dataType';
 
 const typeAlias = {
   pre: 'before_post_render',
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ interface StoreFunction {
 }
 
 interface Store {
-  [key: string]: StoreFunction[]
+  [key: string]: StoreFunction[];
 }
 
 class Filter {
@@ -35,6 +36,20 @@ class Filter {
     return this.store[type] || [];
   }
 
+  register(type: string, fn: StoreFunction): void;
+  register(
+    type: 'server_middleware',
+    fn: (app: import('connect').Server) => void
+  ): void;
+  register(
+    type: 'before_post_render',
+    fn: (data: extend_filter_before_post_render_data) => void
+  ): void;
+  register(
+    type: 'before_post_render',
+    fn: (data: extend_filter_before_post_render_data) => Promise<void>
+  ): void;
+  register(type: string, fn: StoreFunction, priority: number): void;
   register(fn: StoreFunction): void
   register(fn: StoreFunction, priority: number): void
   register(type: string, fn: StoreFunction): void
@@ -85,10 +100,12 @@ class Filter {
 
     args.unshift(data);
 
-    return Promise.each(filters, filter => Reflect.apply(Promise.method(filter), ctx, args).then(result => {
-      args[0] = result == null ? args[0] : result;
-      return args[0];
-    })).then(() => args[0]);
+    return Promise.each(filters, filter =>
+      Reflect.apply(Promise.method(filter), ctx, args).then(result => {
+        args[0] = result == null ? args[0] : result;
+        return args[0];
+      })
+    ).then(() => args[0]);
   }
 
   execSync(type: string, data: any, options: FilterOptions = {}) {
diff --git a/lib/extend/generator.ts b/lib/extend/generator.ts
index 125d2d3de9..6b3fa2ea05 100644
--- a/lib/extend/generator.ts
+++ b/lib/extend/generator.ts
@@ -10,13 +10,13 @@ type ReturnType = BaseObj | BaseObj[];
 type GeneratorReturnType = ReturnType | Promise<ReturnType>;
 
 interface GeneratorFunction {
-  (locals: object, callback?: NodeJSLikeCallback<any>): GeneratorReturnType;
+  (locals: Record<string, any>, callback?: NodeJSLikeCallback<any>): GeneratorReturnType;
 }
 
 type StoreFunctionReturn = Promise<ReturnType>;
 
 interface StoreFunction {
-  (locals: object): StoreFunctionReturn;
+  (locals: Record<string, any>): StoreFunctionReturn;
 }
 
 interface Store {
diff --git a/lib/extend/helper.ts b/lib/extend/helper.ts
index f167282371..f2dd8a8a93 100644
--- a/lib/extend/helper.ts
+++ b/lib/extend/helper.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 interface StoreFunction {
-  (...args: any[]): string;
+  (this: import('../hexo'), ...args: any[]): any;
 }
 
 interface Store {
-  [key: string]: StoreFunction
+  [key: string]: StoreFunction;
 }
 
-
 class Helper {
   public store: Store;
 
diff --git a/lib/extend/processor.ts b/lib/extend/processor.ts
index ce73da1031..396a44aefe 100644
--- a/lib/extend/processor.ts
+++ b/lib/extend/processor.ts
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class Processor {
   register(pattern: patternType | StoreFunction, fn?: StoreFunction): void {
     if (!fn) {
       if (typeof pattern === 'function') {
-        fn = pattern;
+        fn = pattern as StoreFunction;
         pattern = /(.*)/;
       } else {
         throw new TypeError('fn must be a function');
diff --git a/lib/extend/renderer.ts b/lib/extend/renderer.ts
index 530b071e18..4c3923f240 100644
--- a/lib/extend/renderer.ts
+++ b/lib/extend/renderer.ts
@@ -82,10 +82,50 @@ class Renderer {
     return renderer ? renderer.output : '';
   }
 
+  /**
+   * register renderer engine
+   * - [hexo-renderer-nunjucks example](https://github.com/hexojs/hexo-renderer-nunjucks/blob/c71a1979535c47c3949ff6bf3a85691641841e12/lib/renderer.js#L55-L56)
+   * - [typescript example](https://github.com/dimaslanjaka/hexo-renderers/blob/feed801e90920bea8a5e7000b275b912e4ef6c43/src/renderer-sass.ts#L37-L38)
+   * @param name input extension name. ex: ejs
+   * @param output output extension name. ex: html
+   * @param fn renderer function
+   */
   register(name: string, output: string, fn: StoreFunction): void;
+
+  /**
+   * register renderer engine asynchronous
+   * @param name input extension name. ex: ejs
+   * @param output output extension name. ex: html
+   * @param fn renderer asynchronous function
+   * @param sync is synchronous?
+   */
   register(name: string, output: string, fn: StoreFunction, sync: false): void;
+
+  /**
+   * register renderer engine
+   * @param name input extension name. ex: ejs
+   * @param output output extension name. ex: html
+   * @param fn renderer function
+   * @param sync is synchronous?
+   */
   register(name: string, output: string, fn: StoreSyncFunction, sync: true): void;
+
+  /**
+   * register renderer engine
+   * @param name input extension name. ex: ejs
+   * @param output output extension name. ex: html
+   * @param fn renderer function
+   * @param sync is synchronous?
+   */
   register(name: string, output: string, fn: StoreFunction | StoreSyncFunction, sync: boolean): void;
+
+  /**
+   * register renderer engine
+   * @param name input extension name. ex: ejs
+   * @param output output extension name. ex: html
+   * @param fn renderer function
+   * @param sync is synchronous?
+   */
   register(name: string, output: string, fn: StoreFunction | StoreSyncFunction, sync?: boolean) {
     if (!name) throw new TypeError('name is required');
     if (!output) throw new TypeError('output is required');
diff --git a/lib/extend/syntax_highlight.ts b/lib/extend/syntax_highlight.ts
index c5cf28a95f..34bf5f799e 100644
--- a/lib/extend/syntax_highlight.ts
+++ b/lib/extend/syntax_highlight.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 import type Hexo from '../hexo';
 
 export interface HighlightOptions {
-  lang: string | undefined,
-  caption: string | undefined,
-  lines_length?: number | undefined,
-
   // plugins/filter/before_post_render/backtick_code_block
-  firstLineNumber?: string | number
+  firstLineNumber?: string | number;
+  lang: string | undefined;
+  caption: string | undefined;
+  lines_length?: number | undefined;
 
   // plugins/tag/code.ts
   language_attr?: boolean | undefined;
@@ -15,7 +14,6 @@ export interface HighlightOptions {
   line_threshold?: number | undefined;
   mark?: number[];
   wrap?: boolean | undefined;
-
 }
 
 interface HighlightExecArgs {
@@ -29,7 +27,7 @@ interface StoreFunction {
 }
 
 interface Store {
-  [key: string]: StoreFunction
+  [key: string]: StoreFunction;
 }
 
 class SyntaxHighlight {
@@ -52,7 +50,9 @@ class SyntaxHighlight {
   exec(name: string, options: HighlightExecArgs): string {
     const fn = this.store[name];
 
-    if (!fn) throw new TypeError(`syntax highlighter ${name} is not registered`);
+    if (!fn) {
+      throw new TypeError(`syntax highlighter ${name} is not registered`);
+    }
     const ctx = options.context;
     const args = options.args || [];
 
diff --git a/lib/extend/tag.ts b/lib/extend/tag.ts
index b9648d3297..bad7bb966e 100644
--- a/lib/extend/tag.ts
+++ b/lib/extend/tag.ts
@@ -8,13 +8,41 @@ const rSwigRawFullBlock = /{% *raw *%}/;
 const rCodeTag = /<code[^<>]*>[\s\S]+?<\/code>/g;
 const escapeSwigTag = (str: string) => str.replace(/{/g, '&#123;').replace(/}/g, '&#125;');
 
-interface TagFunction {
-  (args: any[], content: string, callback?: NodeJSLikeCallback<any>): string | PromiseLike<string>;
-}
-interface AsyncTagFunction {
-  (args: any[], content: string): Promise<string>;
+interface ExtendedTagProperty {
+
+  /**
+   * current absolute file source
+   */
+  full_source: string;
 }
 
+/**
+ * synchronous callback - shortcode tag
+ * @example
+ * // to get args type
+ * type args = Parameters<Parameters<typeof hexo.extend.tag.register>[1]>[0];
+ * // to get content type
+ * type content = Parameters<Parameters<typeof hexo.extend.tag.register>[1]>[1];
+ */
+type TagFunction =
+  | ((this: ExtendedTagProperty, arg: string) => string)
+  | ((this: ExtendedTagProperty, ...args: any[]) => string)
+  | ((this: ExtendedTagProperty, args: any[], content: string) => string)
+  | ((args: any[], content: string, callback?: NodeJSLikeCallback<any>) => string | PromiseLike<string>);
+
+/**
+ * asynchronous callback - shortcode tag
+ * @example
+ * // to get args type
+ * type args = Parameters<Parameters<typeof hexo.extend.tag.register>[1]>[0];
+ * // to get content type
+ * type content = Parameters<Parameters<typeof hexo.extend.tag.register>[1]>[1];
+ */
+type AsyncTagFunction =
+  | ((this: ExtendedTagProperty, content: string) => PromiseLike<string> | Promise<string>)
+  | ((this: ExtendedTagProperty, ...args: any[]) => PromiseLike<string> | Promise<string>)
+  | ((this: ExtendedTagProperty, args: any[], content: string) => PromiseLike<string> | Promise<string>);
+
 class NunjucksTag {
   public tags: string[];
   public fn: TagFunction | AsyncTagFunction;
@@ -59,7 +87,7 @@ class NunjucksTag {
     return node;
   }
 
-  run(context, args, body, callback) {
+  run(context, args, _body, _callback) {
     return this._run(context, args, '');
   }
 
@@ -80,14 +108,14 @@ class NunjucksBlock extends NunjucksTag {
     return new nodes.CallExtension(this, 'run', node, [body]);
   }
 
-  _parseBody(parser, nodes, lexer) {
+  _parseBody(parser, _nodes?, _lexer?) {
     const body = parser.parseUntilBlocks(`end${this.tags[0]}`);
 
     parser.advanceAfterBlockEnd();
     return body;
   }
 
-  run(context, args, body, callback) {
+  run(context, args, body, _callback?) {
     return this._run(context, args, trimBody(body));
   }
 }
@@ -147,18 +175,16 @@ const getContext = (lines: string[], errLine: number, location: string, type: st
 
   message.push(
     // get LINES_OF_CONTEXT lines surrounding `errLine`
-    ...getContextLineNums(1, lines.length, errLine, LINES_OF_CONTEXT)
-      .map(lnNum => {
-        const line = '  ' + lnNum + ' | ' + lines[lnNum - 1];
-        if (lnNum === errLine) {
-          return cyan(bold(line));
-        }
+    ...getContextLineNums(1, lines.length, errLine, LINES_OF_CONTEXT).map(lnNum => {
+      const line = '  ' + lnNum + ' | ' + lines[lnNum - 1];
+      if (lnNum === errLine) {
+        return cyan(bold(line));
+      }
 
-        return cyan(line);
-      })
+      return cyan(line);
+    })
   );
-  message.push(cyan(
-    '    =====             Context Dump Ends            ====='));
+  message.push(cyan('    =====             Context Dump Ends            ====='));
 
   return message;
 };
@@ -171,9 +197,9 @@ class NunjucksError extends Error {
 
 /**
  * Provide context for Nunjucks error
- * @param  {Error}    err Nunjucks error
- * @param  {string}   str string input for Nunjucks
- * @return {Error}    New error object with embedded context
+ * @param err Nunjucks error
+ * @param input string input for Nunjucks
+ * @return  New error object with embedded context
  */
 const formatNunjucksError = (err: Error, input: string, source = ''): Error => {
   err.message = err.message.replace('(unknown path)', source ? magenta(source) : '');
@@ -198,6 +224,10 @@ const formatNunjucksError = (err: Error, input: string, source = ''): Error => {
 type RegisterOptions = {
   async?: boolean;
   ends?: boolean;
+};
+
+interface RegisterAsyncOptions extends RegisterOptions {
+  async: boolean;
 }
 
 class Tag {
@@ -210,10 +240,76 @@ class Tag {
     });
   }
 
-  register(name: string, fn: TagFunction): void
-  register(name: string, fn: TagFunction, ends: boolean): void
-  register(name: string, fn: TagFunction, options: RegisterOptions): void
-  register(name: string, fn: TagFunction, options?: RegisterOptions | boolean):void {
+  /**
+   * register shortcode tag
+   * @param name shortcode tag name
+   * @param fn shortcode tag function
+   */
+  register(name: string, fn: TagFunction): void;
+
+  /**
+   * register shortcode tag with RegisterOptions.ends boolean directly
+   * @param name shortcode tag name
+   * @param fn callback shortcode tag
+   * @param ends use endblock
+   */
+  register(name: string, fn: TagFunction, ends: boolean): void;
+
+  /**
+   * register shortcode tag with synchronous function callback
+   * @param name shortcode tag name
+   * @param fn synchronous function callback
+   * @param options register options
+   */
+  register(name: string, fn: TagFunction, options: RegisterOptions): void;
+
+  /**
+   * register shortcode tag with synchronous function callback
+   * @param name shortcode tag name
+   * @param fn synchronous function callback
+   * @param options register options
+   */
+  register(name: string, fn: TagFunction, options: { async: false; ends?: boolean }): void;
+
+  /**
+   * register shortcode tag with asynchronous function callback
+   * @param name shortcode tag name
+   * @param fn asynchronous function callback
+   * @param options register options
+   */
+  register(
+    name: string,
+    fn: AsyncTagFunction,
+    options: { async: true; ends?: boolean } | { async: true; ends: boolean }
+  ): void;
+
+  /**
+   * register shortcode tag
+   * @param name shortcode tag name
+   * @param fn asynchronous or synchronous function callback
+   * @param ends add support for end tag
+   * @example
+   * without ends
+   * ```html
+   * {% youtube video_id [type] [cookie] %}
+   * ```
+   *
+   * using ends
+   * ```nunjucks
+   * {% blockquote [author[, source]] [link] [source_link_title] %}
+   * content
+   * {% endblockquote %}
+   * ```
+   */
+  register(name: string, fn: TagFunction, ends: boolean): void;
+
+  /**
+   * register shortcode tag
+   * @param name shortcode tag name
+   * @param fn asynchronous or synchronous function callback
+   * @param options register options
+   */
+  register(name: string, fn: TagFunction | AsyncTagFunction, options?: RegisterOptions | RegisterAsyncOptions | boolean): void {
     if (!name) throw new TypeError('name is required');
     if (typeof fn !== 'function') throw new TypeError('fn must be a function');
 
@@ -245,6 +341,10 @@ class Tag {
     this.env.addExtension(name, tag);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * unregister shortcode tag
+   * @param name shortcode tag name
+   */
   unregister(name: string): void {
     if (!name) throw new TypeError('name is required');
 
@@ -253,10 +353,9 @@ class Tag {
     if (env.hasExtension(name)) env.removeExtension(name);
   }
 
-  render(str: string): Promise<any>;
-  render(str: string, callback: NodeJSLikeCallback<any>): Promise<any>;
-  render(str: string, options: { source?: string, [key: string]: any }, callback?: NodeJSLikeCallback<any>): Promise<any>;
-  render(str: string, options: { source?: string, [key: string]: any } | NodeJSLikeCallback<any> = {}, callback?: NodeJSLikeCallback<any>): Promise<any> {
+  render(str: string, options: { source?: string }): Promise<string>;
+  render(str: string, callback: NodeJSLikeCallback<any, string> | NodeJSLikeCallback<any>): Promise<any>;
+  render(str: string, options: { source?: string, [key: string]: any } | NodeJSLikeCallback<any, string> | NodeJSLikeCallback<any> = {}, callback?: NodeJSLikeCallback<any, string> | NodeJSLikeCallback<any>): Promise<any> {
     if (!callback && typeof options === 'function') {
       callback = options;
       options = {};
@@ -276,9 +375,10 @@ class Tag {
         options,
         cb
       );
-    }).catch(err => {
-      return Promise.reject(formatNunjucksError(err, str, source));
     })
+      .catch(err => {
+        return Promise.reject(formatNunjucksError(err, str, source));
+      })
       .asCallback(callback);
   }
 }
diff --git a/lib/hexo/index.ts b/lib/hexo/index.ts
index c5e48f8723..4f0edfc2a2 100644
--- a/lib/hexo/index.ts
+++ b/lib/hexo/index.ts
@@ -464,6 +464,14 @@ class Hexo extends EventEmitter {
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * load installed plugin
+   * @param path absolute path to plugin directory
+   * @param callback
+   * @returns
+   * @example
+   * hexo.loadPlugin(require.resolve('hexo-renderer-marked'));
+   */
   loadPlugin(path: string, callback?: NodeJSLikeCallback<any>): Promise<any> {
     return readFile(path).then(script => {
       // Based on: https://github.com/nodejs/node-v0.x-archive/blob/v0.10.33/src/node.js#L516
diff --git a/lib/hexo/post.ts b/lib/hexo/post.ts
index 790a540663..8dd61f92e6 100644
--- a/lib/hexo/post.ts
+++ b/lib/hexo/post.ts
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ class Post {
       return readFile(src);
     }).then((content: string) => {
       // Create post
-      Object.assign(data, yfmParse(content));
+      Object.assign(data, yfmParse(String(content)));
       data.content = data._content;
       data._content = undefined;
 
diff --git a/lib/plugins/filter/before_post_render/dataType.ts b/lib/plugins/filter/before_post_render/dataType.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..626e6404ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/plugins/filter/before_post_render/dataType.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import Hexo from '../../../hexo';
+
+/**
+ * before_post_render `data` parameter
+ *
+ * @example
+ * hexo.extend.filter.register('before_post_render', function(data){ console.log(data.content) })
+ */
+export interface extend_filter_before_post_render_data {
+  [key: string]: any;
+  content: string | null | undefined;
+  source: string;
+  config: Hexo['config'];
+}
diff --git a/lib/plugins/filter/template_locals/i18n.ts b/lib/plugins/filter/template_locals/i18n.ts
index 87c505280b..76feaa2c43 100644
--- a/lib/plugins/filter/template_locals/i18n.ts
+++ b/lib/plugins/filter/template_locals/i18n.ts
@@ -13,9 +13,17 @@ function i18nLocalsFilter(this: Hexo, locals: LocalsType): void {
 
   if (!lang) {
     const pattern = new Pattern(`${i18nDir}/*path`);
-    const data = pattern.match(locals.path);
+    // fix hexo-util/dist/pattern.d.ts is not object
+    // fix(TS2322): Type 'unknown' is not assignable to type 'string'.
+    const data = pattern.match(locals.path) as Record<string, any>;
 
-    if (data && data.lang && i18nLanguages.includes(data.lang)) {
+    if (
+      typeof data !== 'undefined'
+      && !Array.isArray(data)
+      && typeof data !== 'boolean'
+      && data.lang
+      && i18nLanguages.includes(data.lang)
+    ) {
       lang = data.lang;
       page.canonical_path = data.path;
     } else {
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 0150fb28b1..f88e6d79e6 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -3,9 +3,7 @@
   "version": "7.1.1",
   "description": "A fast, simple & powerful blog framework, powered by Node.js.",
   "main": "dist/hexo",
-  "bin": {
-    "hexo": "./bin/hexo"
-  },
+  "bin": "./bin/hexo",
   "scripts": {
     "prepublishOnly": "npm install && npm run clean && npm run build",
     "build": "tsc -b",
@@ -66,13 +64,14 @@
     "warehouse": "^5.0.1"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
+    "0x": "^5.1.2",
     "@types/abbrev": "^1.1.3",
     "@types/bluebird": "^3.5.37",
+    "@types/connect": "^3.4.38",
     "@types/js-yaml": "^4.0.9",
     "@types/node": "^18.11.8 <18.19.9",
     "@types/nunjucks": "^3.2.2",
     "@types/text-table": "^0.2.4",
-    "0x": "^5.1.2",
     "c8": "^9.0.0",
     "chai": "^4.3.6",
     "cheerio": "0.22.0",