biblio.bib

@misc{buffini_parametrization_????,
  title = {Parametrization of {{CMS}} Silicon Detectors Pulse Shape and {{Form Factors}} Determination},
  url = {http://hep.fi.infn.it/CMS/apv/buffini/apv6_formfactors.ps.gz},
  abstract = {As far several experimental tests have exploited the performances of CMS silicon detec- tors front-end electronics. In this report available experimental results have been analysed in the framework of both a parametric than a circuit model, which have allowed predic- tions about expected noise and determination of circuit optimal working point.},
  timestamp = {2016-07-18T00:25:02Z},
  author = {Buffini, A. and Busoni, S. and Meschini, M. and Parrini, G.},
  urldate = {2016-07-17},
  file = {apv6_formfactors.ps.gz:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/N73EMJ4M/apv6_formfactors.ps.gz:application/x-gzip}
}
@inproceedings{denig_recent_2016,
  title = {Recent Results from the {{Mainz Microtron MAMI}} and an Outlook for the Future},
  volume = {1735},
  url = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/proceeding/aipcp/10.1063/1.4949374},
  doi = {10.1063/1.4949374},
  eventtitle = {XVITH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HADRON SPECTROSCOPY: Hadron2015},
  timestamp = {2016-08-29T23:47:34Z},
  booktitle = {{{AIP Conference Proceedings}}},
  publisher = {{AIP Publishing}},
  author = {Denig, Achim},
  urldate = {2016-08-29},
  date = {2016-05-25},
  pages = {020006},
  keywords = {Baryons,Calorimeters,Electromagnetic radiation scattering,Photons,Polarized particle beams},
  file = {Full Text PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/JD95F94F/Denig - 2016 - Recent results from the Mainz Microtron MAMI and a.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/V8VG7SEF/1.html:text/html}
}
@article{Yin:2013vaa,
      author         = "Yin, Peng-Fei and Yu, Zhao-Huan and Yuan, Qiang and Bi,
                        Xiao-Jun",
      title          = "{Pulsar interpretation for the AMS-02 result}",
      journal        = "Phys. Rev.",
      volume         = "D88",
      year           = "2013",
      number         = "2",
      pages          = "023001",
      doi            = "10.1103/PhysRevD.88.023001",
      eprint         = "1304.4128",
      archivePrefix  = "arXiv",
      primaryClass   = "astro-ph.HE",
      SLACcitation   = "%%CITATION = ARXIV:1304.4128;%%"
}
@article{Inguglia:2017nxe,
      author         = "Inguglia, Gianluca",
      title          = "{Studies of dark sector \& B decays involving $\tau$ at
                        Belle and Belle II}",
      booktitle      = "{Proceedings, 38th International Conference on High
                        Energy Physics (ICHEP 2016): Chicago, IL, USA, August
                        3-10, 2016}",
      journal        = "PoS",
      volume         = "ICHEP2016",
      year           = "2016",
      pages          = "131",
      eprint         = "1701.02288",
      archivePrefix  = "arXiv",
      primaryClass   = "hep-ex",
      SLACcitation   = "%%CITATION = ARXIV:1701.02288;%%"
}
@article{anastasi_limit_2015,
  title = {Limit on the Production of a Low-Mass Vector Boson in $e^+e^-\rightarrow \textrm{U}\gamma$, $\textrm{U}\rightarrow e^+e^-$ with the {{KLOE}} Experiment},
  volume = {750},
  issn = {03702693},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1509.00740},
  doi = {10.1016/j.physletb.2015.10.003},
  timestamp = {2016-08-29T23:47:28Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1509.00740},
  journaltitle = {Physics Letters B},
  author = {Anastasi, A. and Babusci, D. and Bencivenni, G. and Berlowski, M. and Bloise, C. and Bossi, F. and Branchini, P. and Budano, A. and Balkeståhl, L. Caldeira and Cao, B. and Ceradini, F. and Ciambrone, P. and Curciarello, F. and Czerwiński, E. and D'Agostini, G. and Danè, E. and De Leo, V. and De Lucia, E. and De Santis, A. and De Simone, P. and Di Cicco, A. and Di Domenico, A. and Di Salvo, R. and Domenici, D. and D'Uffizi, A. and Fantini, A. and Felici, G. and Fiore, S. and Gajos, A. and Gauzzi, P. and Giardina, G. and Giovannella, S. and Graziani, E. and Happacher, F. and Heijkenskjöld, L. and Andersson, W. Ikegami and Johansson, T. and Kamińska, D. and Krzemien, W. and Kupsc, A. and Loffredo, S. and Mandaglio, G. and Martini, M. and Mascolo, M. and Messi, R. and Miscetti, S. and Morello, G. and Moricciani, D. and Moskal, P. and Palladino, A. and Papenbrock, M. and Passeri, A. and Patera, V. and del Rio, E. Perez and Ranieri, A. and Santangelo, P. and Sarra, I. and Schioppa, M. and Silarski, M. and Sirghi, F. and Tortora, L. and Venanzoni, G. and Wiślicki, W. and Wolke, M.},
  urldate = {2016-08-28},
  date = {2015-11},
  pages = {633--637},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment},
  options = {useprefix=true},
}
@article{collaboration_limit_2016,
  title = {Limit on the Production of a New Vector Boson in $e^+e^-\rightarrow \textrm{U}\gamma$, $\textrm{U}\rightarrow\pi^+\pi^-$ with the KLOE Experiment},
  volume = {757},
  issn = {03702693},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1603.06086},
  doi = {10.1016/j.physletb.2016.04.019},
  timestamp = {2016-08-29T23:47:22Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1603.06086},
  journaltitle = {Physics Letters B},
  author = {Collaboration, KLOE-2 and Anastasi, A. and Babusci, D. and Bencivenni, G. and Berlowski, M. and Bloise, C. and Bossi, F. and Branchini, P. and Budano, A. and Balkeståhl, L. Caldeira and Cao, B. and Ceradini, F. and Ciambrone, P. and Curciarello, F. and Czerwinski, E. and D'Agostini, G. and Danè, E. and De Leo, V. and De Lucia, E. and De Santis, A. and De Simone, P. and Di Cicco, A. and Di Domenico, A. and Di Salvo, R. and Domenici, D. and D'Uffizi, A. and Fantini, A. and Felici, G. and Fiore, S. and Gajos, A. and Gauzzi, P. and Giardina, G. and Giovannella, S. and Graziani, E. and Happacher, F. and Heijkenskjöld, L. and Andersson, W. Ikegami and Johansson, T. and Kamińska, D. and Krzemien, W. and Kupsc, A. and Loffredo, S. and Mandaglio, G. and Martini, M. and Mascolo, M. and Messi, R. and Miscetti, S. and Morello, G. and Moricciani, D. and Moskal, P. and Palladino, A. and Papenbrock, M. and Passeri, A. and Patera, V. and del Rio, E. Perez and Ranieri, A. and Santangelo, P. and Sarra, I. and Schioppa, M. and Silarski, M. and Sirghi, F. and Tortora, L. and Venanzoni, G. and Wiślicki, W. and Wolke, M.},
  urldate = {2016-08-28},
  date = {2016-06},
  pages = {356--361},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment},
  options = {useprefix=true},
}
@article{soffer_constraints_2014,
  title = {Constraints on Dark Forces from the {{B}} Factories and Low-Energy Experiments},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1409.5263},
  timestamp = {2016-08-29T23:47:36Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1409.5263},
  primaryClass = {hep-ex, physics:hep-ph},
  author = {Soffer, Abner},
  urldate = {2016-08-29},
  date = {2014-09-18},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:1409.5263 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/M6H4NGKD/Soffer - 2014 - Constraints on dark forces from the B factories an.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/QAR39HAW/1409.html:text/html}
}
@article{babusci_search_2014,
  title = {Search for Light Vector Boson Production in $e^+e^-\rightarrow \mu^+\mu^- \gamma$ Interactions with the {{KLOE}} Experiment},
  volume = {736},
  issn = {03702693},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1404.7772},
  doi = {10.1016/j.physletb.2014.08.005},
  timestamp = {2016-08-29T23:47:26Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1404.7772},
  journaltitle = {Physics Letters B},
  author = {Babusci, D. and Balwierz-Pytko, I. and Bencivenni, G. and Bloise, C. and Bossi, F. and Branchini, P. and Budano, A. and Balkeståhl, L. Caldeira and Ceradini, F. and Ciambrone, P. and Curciarello, F. and Czerwinski, E. and Danè, E. and De Leo, V. and De Lucia, E. and De Robertis, G. and De Santis, A. and De Simone, P. and Di Cicco, A. and Di Domenico, A. and Di Salvo, R. and Domenici, D. and Erriquez, O. and Fanizzi, G. and Fantini, A. and Felici, G. and Fiore, S. and Franzini, P. and Gajos, A. and Gauzzi, P. and Giardina, G. and Giovannella, S. and Graziani, E. and Happacher, F. and Heijkenskjold, L. and Hoistad, B. and Johansson, T. and Kacprzak, K. and Kaminska, D. and Krzemien, W. and Kupsc, A. and Lee-Franzini, J. and Loddo, F. and Loffredo, S. and Mandaglio, G. and Martemianov, M. and Martini, M. and Mascolo, M. and Messi, R. and Miscetti, S. and Morello, G. and Moricciani, D. and Moskal, P. and Nguyen, F. and Palladino, A. and Passeri, A. and Patera, V. and Longhi, I. Prado and Ranieri, A. and Santangelo, P. and Sarra, I. and Schioppa, M. and Sciascia, B. and Silarski, M. and Tortora, L. and Venanzoni, G. and Wislicki, W. and Wolke, M. and Zdebik, J.},
  urldate = {2016-08-28},
  date = {2014-09},
  pages = {459--464},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment},
}
@article{Blumlein:2013cua,
      author         = "Blümlein, Johannes and Brunner, Jürgen",
      title          = "{New Exclusion Limits on Dark Gauge Forces from Proton
                        Bremsstrahlung in Beam-Dump Data}",
      journal        = "Phys. Lett.",
      volume         = "B731",
      year           = "2014",
      pages          = "320-326",
      doi            = "10.1016/j.physletb.2014.02.029",
      eprint         = "1311.3870",
      archivePrefix  = "arXiv",
      primaryClass   = "hep-ph",
      reportNumber   = "DESY-13-202, DO-TH-13-29, SFB-CPP-13-87, LPN-13-087",
      SLACcitation   = "%%CITATION = ARXIV:1311.3870;%%"
}

@article{Ilten_2016tkc,
      author         = "Ilten, Philip and Soreq, Yotam and Thaler, Jesse and
                        Williams, Mike and Xue, Wei",
      title          = "{Proposed Inclusive Dark Photon Search at LHCb}",
      journal        = "Phys. Rev. Lett.",
      volume         = "116",
      year           = "2016",
      number         = "25",
      pages          = "251803",
      doi            = "10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.251803",
      eprint         = "1603.08926",
      archivePrefix  = "arXiv",
      primaryClass   = "hep-ph",
      reportNumber   = "MIT-CTP-4785",
      SLACcitation   = "%%CITATION = ARXIV:1603.08926;%%"
}

@article{Hooper:2010mq,
      author         = "Hooper, Dan and Goodenough, Lisa",
      title          = "{Dark Matter Annihilation in The Galactic Center As Seen
                        by the Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope}",
      journal        = "Phys. Lett.",
      volume         = "B697",
      year           = "2011",
      pages          = "412-428",
      doi            = "10.1016/j.physletb.2011.02.029",
      eprint         = "1010.2752",
      archivePrefix  = "arXiv",
      primaryClass   = "hep-ph",
      reportNumber   = "FERMILAB-PUB-10-414-A",
      SLACcitation   = "%%CITATION = ARXIV:1010.2752;%%"
}

@article{Barwick:1995gv,
      author         = "Barwick, S. W. and others",
      title          = "{Cosmic ray positrons at high-energies: A New
                        measurement}",
      collaboration  = "HEAT",
      journal        = "Phys. Rev. Lett.",
      volume         = "75",
      year           = "1995",
      pages          = "390-393",
      doi            = "10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.390",
      eprint         = "astro-ph/9505141",
      archivePrefix  = "arXiv",
      primaryClass   = "astro-ph",
      SLACcitation   = "%%CITATION = ASTRO-PH/9505141;%%"
}

@article{Bergstrom:2013jra,
      author         = "Bergstrom, Lars and Bringmann, Torsten and Cholis, Ilias
                        and Hooper, Dan and Weniger, Christoph",
      title          = "{New limits on dark matter annihilation from AMS cosmic
                        ray positron data}",
      journal        = "Phys. Rev. Lett.",
      volume         = "111",
      year           = "2013",
      pages          = "171101",
      doi            = "10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.171101",
      eprint         = "1306.3983",
      archivePrefix  = "arXiv",
      primaryClass   = "astro-ph.HE",
      reportNumber   = "FERMILAB-PUB-13-202-A",
      SLACcitation   = "%%CITATION = ARXIV:1306.3983;%%"
}

@online{yellin_optimum_2011,
  title = {Optimum {{Interval Software}}},
  url = {http://cdms.stanford.edu/Upper/},
  timestamp = {2016-09-08T03:53:10Z},
  author = {Yellin, Steven J.},
  urldate = {2016-07-18},
  date = {2011},
  file = {Optimum Interval Software:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/3CCJPX5D/Upper.html:text/html}
}

@report{friedl_incredible_2011,
  title = {The {{Incredible Power}} of an {{FIR Filter}} - {{Signal Conditioning}} in the {{Belle II Silicon Vertex Detector}} ({{SVD}}) {{Readout Chain}}},
  url = {http://www.hephy.at/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/B2N0007.pdf},
  timestamp = {2016-08-25T03:23:32Z},
  number = {B2N/0007},
  type = {Belle {{II Note}}},
  author = {Friedl, Markus},
  urldate = {2016-07-18},
  date = {2011-03-18},
  file = {B2N0007.pdf:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/H9SDZEV4/B2N0007.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{yellin_finding_2002,
  title = {Finding an Upper Limit in the Presence of an Unknown Background},
  volume = {66},
  url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.66.032005},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.66.032005},
  abstract = {Experimenters report an upper limit if the signal they are trying to detect is nonexistent or below their experiment’s sensitivity. Such experiments may be contaminated with a background too poorly understood to subtract. If the background is distributed differently in some parameter from the expected signal, it is possible to take advantage of this difference to get a stronger limit than would be possible if the difference in distribution were ignored. We discuss the “maximum gap” method, which finds the best gap between events for setting an upper limit, and generalize to the “optimum interval” method, which uses intervals with especially few events. These methods, which apply to the case of relatively small backgrounds, do not use binning, are relatively insensitive to cuts on the range of the parameter, are parameter independent (i.e., do not change when a one-one change of variables is made), and provide true, though possibly conservative, classical one-sided confidence intervals.},
  timestamp = {2016-05-17T20:56:25Z},
  number = {3},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review D},
  shortjournal = {Phys. Rev. D},
  author = {Yellin, S.},
  urldate = {2016-05-17},
  date = {2002-08-20},
  pages = {032005},
  file = {Full Text PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/NXT2PDKK/Yellin - 2002 - Finding an upper limit in the presence of an unkno.pdf:application/pdf;APS Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/4MNI3Z2D/Yellin - 2002 - Finding an upper limit in the presence of an unkno.html:text/html}
}

@article{yellin_extending_2007,
  title = {Extending the Optimum Interval Method},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0709.2701},
  timestamp = {2016-07-18T00:45:25Z},
  author = {Yellin, S.},
  urldate = {2016-07-18},
  date = {2007-09-17},
  file = {Full Text PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/KMINSP4Z/Yellin - 2007 - Extending the optimum interval method.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/Q27XJHN7/0709.html:text/html}
}

@article{yellin_ways_2011,
  title = {Some Ways of Combining Optimum Interval Upper Limits},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1105.2928},
  timestamp = {2016-07-18T00:46:32Z},
  author = {Yellin, S.},
  urldate = {2016-07-18},
  date = {2011-05-15},
  file = {Full Text PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/HQRGQXSV/Yellin - 2011 - Some ways of combining optimum interval upper limi.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/9TR5A92F/1105.html:text/html}
}

@thesis{friedl_cms_2001,
  title = {The {{CMS Silicon Strip Tracker}} and Its {{Electronic Readout}}},
  url = {http://www.hephy.at/user/friedl/diss/welcome.html},
  timestamp = {2016-07-18T01:05:38Z},
  institution = {{Vienna University of Technology}},
  author = {Friedl, Markus},
  urldate = {2016-07-18},
  date = {2001-05},
  file = {Markus Friedl - Dissertation:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/ZVR43PIC/welcome.html:text/html}
}

@article{feldman_unified_1998,
  title = {Unified Approach to the Classical Statistical Analysis of Small Signals},
  volume = {57},
  issn = {0556-2821, 1089-4918},
  url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.57.3873},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.57.3873},
  timestamp = {2016-07-18T00:47:21Z},
  langid = {english},
  number = {7},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review D},
  author = {Feldman, Gary J. and Cousins, Robert D.},
  urldate = {2016-07-18},
  date = {1998-04-01},
  pages = {3873--3889}
}

@report{herbst_design_2015,
  title = {Design of the {{SLAC RCE Platform}}: {{A General Purpose ATCA Based Data Acquisition System}}},
  url = {http://www-public.slac.stanford.edu/sciDoc/docMeta.aspx?slacPubNumber=SLAC-PUB-16182},
  abstract = {The SLAC RCE platform is a general purpose clustered data acquisition system implemented on a custom ATCA compliant blade, called the Cluster On Board (COB). The core of the system is the Reconfigurable Cluster Element (RCE), which is a system-on-chip design based upon the Xilinx Zynq family of FPGAs, mounted on custom COB daughter-boards. The Zynq architecture couples a dual core ARM Cortex A9 based processor with a high performance 28nm FPGA. The RCE has 12 external general purpose bi-directional high speed links, each supporting serial rates of up to 12Gbps. 8 RCE nodes are included on a COB, each with a 10Gbps connection to an on-board 24-port Ethernet switch integrated circuit. The COB is designed to be used with a standard full-mesh ATCA backplane allowing multiple RCE nodes to be tightly interconnected with minimal interconnect latency. Multiple shelves can be clustered using the front panel 10-gbps connections. The COB also supports local and inter-blade timing and trigger distribution. An experiment specific Rear Transition Module adapts the 96 high speed serial links to specific experiments and allows an experiment-specific timing and busy feedback connection. This coupling of processors with a high performance FPGA fabric in a low latency, multiple node cluster allows high speed data processing that can be easily adapted to any physics experiment. RTEMS and Linux are both ported to the module. The RCE has been used or is the baseline for several current and proposed experiments (LCLS, HPS, LSST, ATLAS-CSC, LBNE, DarkSide, ILC-SiD, etc)},
  timestamp = {2016-07-29T21:17:03Z},
  number = {16182},
  institution = {{SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory}},
  type = {{{SLAC}}-{{PUB}}},
  author = {Herbst, Ryan},
  urldate = {2016-07-28},
  date = {2015-01-23},
  file = {slac-pub-16182.pdf:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/VGS85MDN/slac-pub-16182.pdf:application/pdf;SLAC SciDoc \: Document Metadata:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/RNMI665T/docMeta.html:text/html}
}

@article{french_design_2001,
  title = {Design and Results from the {{APV25}}, a Deep Sub-Micron {{CMOS}} Front-End Chip for the {{CMS}} Tracker},
  volume = {466},
  issn = {0168-9002},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900201005897},
  doi = {10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00589-7},
  abstract = {The APV25 is a 128-channel analogue pipeline chip for the readout of silicon microstrip detectors in the CMS tracker at the LHC. Each channel comprises a low noise amplifier, a 192-cell analogue pipeline and a deconvolution readout circuit. Output data are transmitted on a single differential current output via an analogue multiplexer. The chip is fabricated in a standard 0.25 μm CMOS process to take advantage of the radiation tolerance, lower noise and power, and high circuit density. Experimental characterisation of this circuit shows full functionality and good performance both in pre- and post-irradiation (20 Mrad) conditions. The measured noise is significantly reduced compared to earlier APV versions. A description of the design and results from measurements prior to irradiation are presented.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-04T23:26:31Z},
  number = {2},
  journaltitle = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  shortjournal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  series = {4th Int. Symp. on Development and Application of Semiconductor Tracking Detectors},
  author = {French, M. J. and Jones, L. L. and Morrissey, Q. and Neviani, A. and Turchetta, R. and Fulcher, J. and Hall, G. and Noah, E. and Raymond, M. and Cervelli, G. and Moreira, P. and Marseguerra, G.},
  urldate = {2016-08-04},
  date = {2001-07-01},
  pages = {359--365},
  keywords = {CMOS,CMS,Deep submicron,Front end,LHC,Low noise,Tracker},
  file = {APV25chip_NIMA466.pdf:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/X9NZG4FZ/APV25chip_NIMA466.pdf:application/pdf;ScienceDirect Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/R42NQT2T/S0168900201005897.html:text/html}
}

@article{liu_belle_2012,
  title = {The {{Belle II Silicon Vertex Detector}}},
  volume = {37},
  issn = {1875-3892},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875389212017804},
  doi = {10.1016/j.phpro.2012.02.428},
  abstract = {The KEKB factory (Tsukuba, Japan) has been shut down in mid-2010 after reaching a total integrated luminosity of 1ab-1. Recently, the work on an upgrade of the collider (SuperKEKB), aiming at an ultimate luminosity of 8×1035 cm-2s-1, has started. This is 40 times the peak value of the previous system and thus also requires a redesign of the Belle detector (leading to Belle II), especially its Silicon Vertex Detector (SVD), which surrounds the beam pipe. Similar to its predecessor, the future Belle II SVD will again consist of four layers of double-sided silicon strip sensors (DSSD), but at higher radii. Moreover, a double-layer PiXel Detector (PXD) will complement the SVD as the innermost sensing device. All DSSDs will be made from 6” silicon wafers and read out by APV25 chips, which were originally developed for the CMS experiment. That system was proven to meet the requirements for Belle II in matters of occupancy and dead time. Since the KEKB factory operates at relatively low energy, material inside the active volume has to be minimized in order to reduce multiple scattering. This can be achieved by the Origami chip-on-sensor concept, including a very light-weight mechanical support structure made from carbon fiber reinforced Airex foam. Moreover, CO2 cooling for the front-end chips will ensure high efficiency at minimum material budget.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-05T01:29:08Z},
  journaltitle = {Physics Procedia},
  shortjournal = {Physics Procedia},
  author = {Liu, Ted and Friedl, M. and Bergauer, T. and Dolejschi, P. and Frankenberger, A. and Gfall, I. and Irmler, C. and Obermayer, T. and Onuki, Y. and Smiljic, D. and Tsuboyama, T. and Valentan, M.},
  urldate = {2016-08-05},
  date = {2012-01-01},
  pages = {867--873},
  keywords = {APV25,Belle II,Chip-on-Sensor,CO2 cooling,DSSD,Origami,Silicon Detector,SVD},
  file = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/IIUDFVT7/S1875389212017804.html:text/html}
}

@inproceedings{visser_readout_2012,
  title = {A Readout System Utilizing the {{APV25 ASIC}} for the {{Forward GEM Tracker}} in {{STAR}}},
  doi = {10.1109/RTC.2012.6418172},
  abstract = {We have developed a modular readout system for the 30,720 channel Forward GEM Tracker recently installed in the STAR Experiment at RHIC, BNL. The modular architecture is based on a passive compact PCI backplane running a custom protocol, not PCI, connecting 6 readout modules to a readout controller module. The readout modules provide all necessary functions, including isolated power supplies, to operate up to 24 APV25 chips per module with high-impedance ground isolation. The front-end boards contain a minimal set of components as they are located inside the STAR TPC inner field cage and are inaccessible except during long shutdown periods. The front-end boards connect to the readout modules with cables up to 24 m in length, carrying unbuffered analog readout signals from the APV25 as well as power, trigger, clock and control. The readout module digitizes the APV analog samples to 12 bits at 37.532 MHz, and zero suppresses and buffers the data. The readout controller distributes trigger and clock from the central trigger system, gathers the data over the backplane, and ships it to a linux PC via a 2.125 Gbps optical data link (Detector Data Link (DDL) from ALICE). The PC gathers data from multiple readout controllers and dispatches it to the STAR event builders. The readout modules, controllers, and backplanes are housed in a common crate together with the GEM HV bias power supplies.},
  eventtitle = {Real Time Conference (RT), 2012 18th IEEE-NPSS},
  timestamp = {2016-08-05T01:34:29Z},
  booktitle = {Real {{Time Conference}} ({{RT}}), 2012 18th {{IEEE}}-{{NPSS}}},
  author = {Visser, G. J. and Anderson, J. T. and Buck, B. and Kreps, A. S. and Ljubicic, T.},
  date = {2012-06},
  pages = {1--6},
  keywords = {analog readout signals,analogue-digital conversion,application specific integrated circuits,APV25 ASIC,APV25 chips,APV analog samples,Backplanes,BNL,Clocks,Copper,custom protocol,Data acquisition,Detectors,forward GEM tracker,front-end boards,GEM HV bias power supplies,high-impedance ground isolation,ionisation chambers,isolated power supplies,modular architecture,nuclear electronics,optical data link,passive compact PCI backplane,position sensitive particle detectors,proportional counters,readout controller modules,readout electronics,readout system,RHIC,shutdown periods,STAR event builders,STAR experiment,STAR TPC inner field cage,Strips,Wires},
  file = {IEEE Xplore Abstract Record:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/VB48DR8T/login.html:text/html}
}

@article{beranek_study_2014,
  title = {Study of the Discovery Potential for Hidden Photon Emission at Future Electron Scattering Fixed Target Experiments},
  volume = {89},
  issn = {1550-7998, 1550-2368},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1311.5104},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.89.055006},
  timestamp = {2016-08-29T23:55:45Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1311.5104},
  number = {5},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review D},
  author = {Beranek, T. and Vanderhaeghen, M.},
  urldate = {2016-08-15},
  date = {2014-03-10},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:1311.5104 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/D7IJERF4/Beranek and Vanderhaeghen - 2014 - Study of the discovery potential for hidden photon.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/QQCF5TWM/1311.html:text/html}
}

@misc{_layer_????,
  title = {Layer 2-5 Silicon Sensor Specifications for {{D0 SMTII}}},
  timestamp = {2016-08-16T23:00:25Z},
  file = {cooper.pdf:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/KB4ZU3QG/cooper.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@report{demarteau_characteristics_????,
  title = {Characteristics of the {{Outer Layer Silicon Sensors}} for the {{Run IIb Silicon Detector}}},
  timestamp = {2016-08-16T23:05:54Z},
  number = {4308},
  type = {D0 {{Note}}},
  author = {Demarteau, Marcel and Demina, R. and Korjenevski, S. and Lehner, F. and Lipton, R. and Mao, H.S. and McCarthy, R. and Smith, R},
  file = {D0_datasheet.pdf:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/MIU7MUKT/D0_datasheet.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{beranek_theoretical_2013,
  title = {Theoretical Framework to Analyze Searches for Hidden Light Gauge Bosons in Electron Scattering Fixed Target Experiments},
  volume = {88},
  url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.88.015032},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.88.015032},
  abstract = {Motivated by anomalies in cosmic ray observations and by attempts to solve questions of the Standard Model of particle physics like the (g−2)μ discrepancy, U(1) extensions of the Standard Model have been proposed in recent years. Such U(1) extensions allow for the interaction of dark matter by exchange of a photonlike massive force carrier γ′ not included in the Standard Model. In order to search for γ′ bosons, various experimental programs have been started. One approach is the dedicated search at fixed-target experiments at modest energies as performed at microtron (MAMI) or at the Jefferson Lab. In these experiments the process e(A,Z)→e(A,Z)l+l− is investigated, and a search for a very narrow resonance in the invariant mass distribution of the l+l− pair is performed. In this work we analyze this process in terms of signal and background in order to describe existing data obtained by the A1 experiment at MAMI with the aim to give accurate predictions for exclusion limits in the γ′ parameter space. We present a detailed theoretical analysis of the cross sections entering in the description of such processes.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-30T01:18:16Z},
  number = {1},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review D},
  shortjournal = {Phys. Rev. D},
  author = {Beranek, T. and Merkel, H. and Vanderhaeghen, M.},
  urldate = {2016-08-30},
  date = {2013-07-29},
  pages = {015032},
  file = {Full Text PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/GBSDMDX4/Beranek et al. - 2013 - Theoretical framework to analyze searches for hidd.pdf:application/pdf;APS Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/5NB3N579/PhysRevD.88.html:text/html}
}

@thesis{moreno_search_2016,
  title = {Search for a {{Heavy Photon}} in the 2015 {{Engineering Run Data}} of the {{Heavy Photon Search Experiment}}},
  url = {http://escholarship.org/uc/item/44n7c8qc},
  abstract = {The Heavy Photon Search (HPS) is a new experiment at Jefferson Lab that will search for heavy U(1) vector bosons (heavy photons, dark photons or A') in the mass range of 10 MeV/c\^2 to 1 GeV/c\^2 that couple weakly to ordinary matter. Heavy photons in this mass range are theoretically favorable and may also mediate dark matter interactions. The heavy photon couples to electric charge through kinetic mixing with the photon, in turn, inducing an effective gauge coupling of the A' to electric charge, which is suppressed relative to the electron charge by a factor of ε \textasciitilde{} 10\^-2 - 10\^-12. Since heavy photons couple to electrons, they can be produced through a process analogous to bremsstrahlung radiation, subsequently decaying to narrow e+e- resonances which can be observed above the dominant QED trident background. For suitably small couplings, dark photons travel detectable distances before decaying, providing a second signature.HPS will utilize this production mechanism to probe heavy photons with relative couplings of ε\^2 \textasciitilde{} 10\^-5 - 10\^-10 and search for the e+e- decay of the heavy photon via two signatures: invariant mass and displaced vertex. Using Jefferson Lab’s high luminosity electron beam incident on a thin tungsten target along with a compact, large acceptance forward spectrometer consisting of a silicon vertex tracker and lead tungstate electromagnetic calorimeter, HPS will access unexplored regions in the mass-coupling phase space. The HPS engineering run took place in spring of 2015 using a 1.056 GeV, 50 nA beam. This dissertation will present the results of a resonance search for a heavy photon in the mass range between 20 MeV/c\^2 to 60 MeV/c\^2 using a portion of the unblinded engineering run data which amounts to a luminosity of 74 nb\^-1 (.4671 mC of charge).},
  timestamp = {2016-10-20T00:38:41Z},
  author = {Moreno, Omar},
  urldate = {2016-08-31},
  date = {2016-01-01},
  file = {Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/G4GVPKU7/44n7c8qc.html:text/html}
}

@thesis{uemura_search_2016,
  title = {Searching for heavy photons in the HPS experiment},
  url = {https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/11876217},
  abstract = {The Heavy Photon Search (HPS) is a new experiment at Jefferson Lab that searches for a massive U(1) vector boson (known as a heavy photon or A') in the MeV-GeV mass range and coupling weakly to ordinary matter through a kinetic mixing interaction. The HPS experiment seeks to produce heavy photons by electron bremsstrahlung on a fixed target, is sensitive to heavy photon decays to electron-positron pairs, and targets the range in heavy photon mass from 20 to 600 MeV, and kinetic mixing strength epsilon^2 from 1E-5 to 1E-10. HPS searches for heavy photons using two signatures: a narrow mass resonance and displaced vertices. This dissertation presents the theoretical and experimental motivations for a heavy photon, the design and operation of the HPS experiment, and the displaced vertex search. The data used in this dissertation is the unblinded fraction of the 2015 HPS run, for the period of operation where the HPS silicon vertex tracker (SVT) was operated at its nominal position. This data was recorded from May 13 to May 18, 2015, at a beam energy of 1.056 GeV and a nominal beam current of 50 nA. The integrated luminosity is 119 inverse nanobarns, which is equivalent to 0.172 days of ideal running at the nominal beam current. This dissertation presents results (signal significance and upper limits) from the displaced vertex search in the mass range from 20 to 60 MeV, and kinetic mixing strength epsilon^2 from 2E-8 to 1E-10. This search does not have sufficient sensitivity to exclude a canonical heavy photon at any combination of mass and mixing strength. The strictest limit achieved in this analysis on the production of a particle that decays like a heavy photon is 115 times the expected production cross-section for a heavy photon. Factors limiting the sensitivity of this analysis are discussed. Projections of HPS performance with the full 2015 data set, and with planned improvements to the analysis, are presented. Comparisons are also made to earlier reach estimates.},
  timestamp = {2017-02-20T00:38:41Z},
  author = {Uemura, Sho},
  urldate = {2016-02-20},
  date = {2016-01-01},
  file = {https://purl.stanford.edu/hs558pd7550}
}


@article{cms_collaboration_search_2015,
  title = {Search for Resonant Pair Production of {{Higgs}} Bosons Decaying to Two Bottom Quark-Antiquark Pairs in Proton-Proton Collisions at 8 {{TeV}}},
  volume = {749},
  issn = {03702693},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1503.04114},
  doi = {10.1016/j.physletb.2015.08.047},
  abstract = {A model-independent search for a narrow resonance produced in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV and decaying to a pair of 125 GeV Higgs bosons that in turn each decays into bottom quark-antiquark pairs is performed by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 17.9 inverse femtobarns. No evidence for a signal is observed. Upper limits at a 95\% confidence level on the production cross section for such a resonance, in the mass range from 270 to 1100 GeV, are reported. Using these results, a radion with decay constant of 1 TeV and mass from 300 to 1100 GeV, and a Kaluza-Klein graviton with mass from 380 to 830 GeV are excluded at a 95\% confidence level.},
  timestamp = {2016-09-06T01:18:34Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1503.04114},
  journaltitle = {Physics Letters B},
  author = {CMS Collaboration},
  urldate = {2016-09-06},
  date = {2015-10},
  pages = {560--582},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment},
  file = {arXiv\:1503.04114 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/TKFDP5UA/CMS Collaboration - 2015 - Search for resonant pair production of Higgs boson.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/GZDR4K9U/1503.html:text/html}
}

@article{alwall_madgraph/madevent_2007,
  title = {{{MadGraph}}/{{MadEvent}} v4: {{The New Web Generation}}},
  volume = {2007},
  issn = {1029-8479},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0706.2334},
  doi = {10.1088/1126-6708/2007/09/028},
  shorttitle = {{{MadGraph}}/{{MadEvent}} v4},
  abstract = {We present the latest developments of the MadGraph/MadEvent Monte Carlo event generator and several applications to hadron collider physics. In the current version events at the parton, hadron and detector level can be generated directly from a web interface, for arbitrary processes in the Standard Model and in several physics scenarios beyond it (HEFT, MSSM, 2HDM). The most important additions are: a new framework for implementing user-defined new physics models; a standalone running mode for creating and testing matrix elements; generation of events corresponding to different processes, such as signal(s) and backgrounds, in the same run; two platforms for data analysis, where events are accessible at the parton, hadron and detector level; and the generation of inclusive multi-jet samples by combining parton-level events with parton showers. To illustrate the new capabilities of the package some applications to hadron collider physics are presented: 1) Higgs search in pp $\backslash$to H $\backslash$to W\^+W\^-: signal and backgrounds. 2) Higgs CP properties: pp $\backslash$to H jj\$in the HEFT. 3) Spin of a new resonance from lepton angular distributions. 4) Single-top and Higgs associated production in a generic 2HDM. 5) Comparison of strong SUSY pair production at the SPS points. 6) Inclusive W+jets matched samples: comparison with the Tevatron data.},
  timestamp = {2016-09-06T01:53:43Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {0706.2334},
  issue = {09},
  journaltitle = {Journal of High Energy Physics},
  author = {Alwall, Johan and Demin, Pavel and de Visscher, Simon and Frederix, Rikkert and Herquet, Michel and Maltoni, Fabio and Plehn, Tilman and Rainwater, David L. and Stelzer, Tim},
  urldate = {2016-09-06},
  date = {2007-09-06},
  pages = {028--028},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  options = {useprefix=true},
  file = {arXiv\:0706.2334 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/GPMUVA3B/Alwall et al. - 2007 - MadGraphMadEvent v4 The New Web Generation.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/TMII6B24/0706.html:text/html}
}

@article{vitells_estimating_2011,
  title = {Estimating the Significance of a Signal in a Multi-Dimensional Search},
  volume = {35},
  issn = {09276505},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1105.4355},
  doi = {10.1016/j.astropartphys.2011.08.005},
  abstract = {In experiments that are aimed at detecting astrophysical sources such as neutrino telescopes, one usually performs a search over a continuous parameter space (e.g. the angular coordinates of the sky, and possibly time), looking for the most significant deviation from the background hypothesis. Such a procedure inherently involves a "look elsewhere effect", namely, the possibility for a signal-like fluctuation to appear anywhere within the search range. Correctly estimating the \$p\$-value of a given observation thus requires repeated simulations of the entire search, a procedure that may be prohibitively expansive in terms of CPU resources. Recent results from the theory of random fields provide powerful tools which may be used to alleviate this difficulty, in a wide range of applications. We review those results and discuss their implementation, with a detailed example applied for neutrino point source analysis in the IceCube experiment.},
  timestamp = {2016-09-07T17:13:32Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1105.4355},
  number = {5},
  journaltitle = {Astroparticle Physics},
  author = {Vitells, Ofer and Gross, Eilam},
  urldate = {2016-09-07},
  date = {2011-12},
  pages = {230--234},
  keywords = {Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics,Physics - Data Analysis; Statistics and Probability},
  file = {arXiv\:1105.4355 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/SAAGBGC9/Vitells and Gross - 2011 - Estimating the significance of a signal in a multi.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/S5549N3U/1105.html:text/html}
}

@article{gross_trial_2010,
  title = {Trial Factors for the Look Elsewhere Effect in High Energy Physics},
  volume = {70},
  issn = {1434-6044, 1434-6052},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1005.1891},
  doi = {10.1140/epjc/s10052-010-1470-8},
  abstract = {When searching for a new resonance somewhere in a possible mass range, the significance of observing a local excess of events must take into account the probability of observing such an excess anywhere in the range. This is the so called "look elsewhere effect". The effect can be quantified in terms of a trial factor, which is the ratio between the probability of observing the excess at some fixed mass point, to the probability of observing it anywhere in the range. We propose a simple and fast procedure for estimating the trial factor, based on earlier results by Davies. We show that asymptotically, the trial factor grows linearly with the (fixed mass) significance.},
  timestamp = {2016-09-07T17:13:06Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1005.1891},
  issue = {1-2},
  journaltitle = {The European Physical Journal C},
  author = {Gross, Eilam and Vitells, Ofer},
  urldate = {2016-09-07},
  date = {2010-11},
  pages = {525--530},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,Physics - Data Analysis; Statistics and Probability},
  file = {arXiv\:1005.1891 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/KJQF87XW/Gross and Vitells - 2010 - Trial factors for the look elsewhere effect in hig.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/3VG24DDC/1005.html:text/html}
}

@article{rolke_correcting_2003,
  title = {Correcting the {{Minimization Bias}} in {{Searches}} for {{Small Signals}}},
  volume = {503},
  issn = {01689002},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0206139},
  doi = {10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00428-5},
  abstract = {We discuss a method for correcting the bias in the limits for small signals if those limits were found based on cuts that were chosen by minimizing a criterion such as sensitivity. Such a bias is commonly present when a "minimization" and an "evaluation" are done at the same time. We propose to use a variant of the bootstrap to adjust the limits. A Monte Carlo study shows that these new limits have correct coverage.},
  timestamp = {2016-09-07T18:14:01Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {hep-ph/0206139},
  number = {3},
  journaltitle = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  author = {Rolke, Wolfgang A. and Lopez, Angel M.},
  urldate = {2016-09-07},
  date = {2003-05},
  pages = {617--624},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:hep-ph/0206139 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/J4CNEFK8/Rolke and Lopez - 2003 - Correcting the Minimization Bias in Searches for S.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/U73I5FBI/0206139.html:text/html}
}

@report{hirayama_egs5_2005,
  title = {The {{EGS5 Code System}}},
  url = {http://rcwww.kek.jp/research/egs/egs5.html},
  timestamp = {2016-09-09T00:06:08Z},
  number = {SLAC-R-730},
  institution = {{SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory}},
  author = {Hirayama, Hideo and Namito, Yoshihito and Bielajew, Alex F. and Wilderman, Scott J. and Nelson, Walter R.},
  urldate = {2016-09-09},
  date = {2005-12-19},
  file = {slac-r-730.pdf:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/JSGJKFZD/slac-r-730.pdf:application/pdf;EGS5:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/ER9QM8HW/egs5.html:text/html}
}

@article{agostinelli_geant4simulation_2003,
  title = {Geant4—a Simulation Toolkit},
  volume = {506},
  issn = {0168-9002},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900203013688},
  doi = {10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01368-8},
  abstract = {Geant4 is a toolkit for simulating the passage of particles through matter. It includes a complete range of functionality including tracking, geometry, physics models and hits. The physics processes offered cover a comprehensive range, including electromagnetic, hadronic and optical processes, a large set of long-lived particles, materials and elements, over a wide energy range starting, in some cases, from 250 eV and extending in others to the TeV energy range. It has been designed and constructed to expose the physics models utilised, to handle complex geometries, and to enable its easy adaptation for optimal use in different sets of applications. The toolkit is the result of a worldwide collaboration of physicists and software engineers. It has been created exploiting software engineering and object-oriented technology and implemented in the C++ programming language. It has been used in applications in particle physics, nuclear physics, accelerator design, space engineering and medical physics.},
  timestamp = {2016-09-09T00:07:15Z},
  number = {3},
  journaltitle = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  shortjournal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  author = {Agostinelli, S. and Allison, J. and Amako, K. and Apostolakis, J. and Araujo, H. and Arce, P. and Asai, M. and Axen, D. and Banerjee, S. and Barrand, G. and Behner, F. and Bellagamba, L. and Boudreau, J. and Broglia, L. and Brunengo, A. and Burkhardt, H. and Chauvie, S. and Chuma, J. and Chytracek, R. and Cooperman, G. and Cosmo, G. and Degtyarenko, P. and Dell'Acqua, A. and Depaola, G. and Dietrich, D. and Enami, R. and Feliciello, A. and Ferguson, C. and Fesefeldt, H. and Folger, G. and Foppiano, F. and Forti, A. and Garelli, S. and Giani, S. and Giannitrapani, R. and Gibin, D. and Gómez Cadenas, J. J. and González, I. and Gracia Abril, G. and Greeniaus, G. and Greiner, W. and Grichine, V. and Grossheim, A. and Guatelli, S. and Gumplinger, P. and Hamatsu, R. and Hashimoto, K. and Hasui, H. and Heikkinen, A. and Howard, A. and Ivanchenko, V. and Johnson, A. and Jones, F. W. and Kallenbach, J. and Kanaya, N. and Kawabata, M. and Kawabata, Y. and Kawaguti, M. and Kelner, S. and Kent, P. and Kimura, A. and Kodama, T. and Kokoulin, R. and Kossov, M. and Kurashige, H. and Lamanna, E. and Lampén, T. and Lara, V. and Lefebure, V. and Lei, F. and Liendl, M. and Lockman, W. and Longo, F. and Magni, S. and Maire, M. and Medernach, E. and Minamimoto, K. and Mora de Freitas, P. and Morita, Y. and Murakami, K. and Nagamatu, M. and Nartallo, R. and Nieminen, P. and Nishimura, T. and Ohtsubo, K. and Okamura, M. and O'Neale, S. and Oohata, Y. and Paech, K. and Perl, J. and Pfeiffer, A. and Pia, M. G. and Ranjard, F. and Rybin, A. and Sadilov, S. and Di Salvo, E. and Santin, G. and Sasaki, T. and Savvas, N. and Sawada, Y. and Scherer, S. and Sei, S. and Sirotenko, V. and Smith, D. and Starkov, N. and Stoecker, H. and Sulkimo, J. and Takahata, M. and Tanaka, S. and Tcherniaev, E. and Safai Tehrani, E. and Tropeano, M. and Truscott, P. and Uno, H. and Urban, L. and Urban, P. and Verderi, M. and Walkden, A. and Wander, W. and Weber, H. and Wellisch, J. P. and Wenaus, T. and Williams, D. C. and Wright, D. and Yamada, T. and Yoshida, H. and Zschiesche, D.},
  urldate = {2016-09-09},
  date = {2003-07-01},
  pages = {250--303},
  keywords = {Distributed software development,Geometrical modelling,Object-oriented technology,Particle interactions,Simulation,Software engineering},
  file = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/5I6Q8AMV/S0168900203013688.html:text/html}
}

@article{billoir_fast_1992,
  title = {Fast Vertex Fitting with a Local Parametrization of Tracks},
  volume = {311},
  issn = {0168-9002},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0168900292908593},
  doi = {10.1016/0168-9002(92)90859-3},
  abstract = {A fast vertex fitting algorithm has been tested, which uses a local parametrization of tracks around a fixed point. This point is chosen to be close to the primary and short-lived secondary vertices, or to the decay vertex of a long-lived particle; hence useful approximations may be utilised. The extrapolation of the trajectory and its error matrix to the vertex region is performed once per track, even if the track association procedure needs to be iterated. The time spent on the computation of the fitting procedure is proportional to the number of tracks (n) instead of n3 as in a standard least-squares method where the parameters of all tracks are fitted together at their common vertex. The method is used in the LEP experiment DELPHI at CERN. The Monte Carlo test has been made for the ZEUS experiment at DESY. The vertex fitting quality and the time consumption etc. have been examined.},
  timestamp = {2016-09-09T01:39:25Z},
  number = {1},
  journaltitle = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  shortjournal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  author = {Billoir, P. and Qian, S.},
  urldate = {2016-09-09},
  date = {1992-01-01},
  pages = {139--150},
  file = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/UAF2WZZZ/0168900292908593.html:text/html}
}

@article{kleinwort_general_2012,
  title = {General {{Broken Lines}} as Advanced Track Fitting Method},
  volume = {673},
  issn = {01689002},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1201.4320},
  doi = {10.1016/j.nima.2012.01.024},
  abstract = {In HEP experiments the description of the trajectory of a charged particle is obtained from a fit to measurements in tracking detectors. The parametrization of the trajectory has to account for bending in the magnetic field, energy loss and multiple scattering in the detector material. General broken lines implement a track model with proper description of multiple scattering leading to linear equations with a special structure of the corresponding matrix allowing for a fast solution with the computing time depending linearly on the number of measurements. The calculation of the full covariance matrix along the trajectory enables the application to track based alignment and calibration of large detectors with global methods.},
  timestamp = {2016-09-30T21:45:43Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1201.4320},
  journaltitle = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  author = {Kleinwort, Claus},
  urldate = {2016-09-30},
  date = {2012-05},
  pages = {107--110},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors},
  file = {arXiv\:1201.4320 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/NRGQQUVP/Kleinwort - 2012 - General Broken Lines as advanced track fitting met.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/4J949SGN/1201.html:text/html}
}

@article{graf_org.lcsim:_2011,
  title = {Org.lcsim: {{Event Reconstruction}} in {{Java}}},
  volume = {331},
  issn = {1742-6596},
  url = {http://stacks.iop.org/1742-6596/331/i=3/a=032012},
  doi = {10.1088/1742-6596/331/3/032012},
  shorttitle = {Org.lcsim},
  abstract = {Maximizing the physics performance of detectors being designed for the International Linear Collider, while remaining sensitive to cost constraints, requires a powerful, efficient, and flexible simulation, reconstruction and analysis environment to study the capabilities of a large number of different detector designs. The preparation of Letters Of Intent for the International Linear Collider involved the detailed study of dozens of detector options, layouts and readout technologies; the final physics benchmarking studies required the reconstruction and analysis of hundreds of millions of events. We describe the Java-based software toolkit (org.lcsim) which was used for full event reconstruction and analysis. The components are fully modular and are available for tasks from digitization of tracking detector signals through to cluster finding, pattern recognition, track-fitting, calorimeter clustering, individual particle reconstruction, jet-finding, and analysis. The detector is defined by the same xml input files used for the detector response simulation, ensuring the simulation and reconstruction geometries are always commensurate by construction. We discuss the architecture as well as the performance.},
  timestamp = {2016-09-30T21:32:49Z},
  langid = {english},
  number = {3},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Physics: Conference Series},
  shortjournal = {J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.},
  author = {Graf, Norman A.},
  urldate = {2016-09-30},
  date = {2011},
  pages = {032012},
  file = {IOP Full Text PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/CAQ4VCRF/Graf - 2011 - org.lcsim Event Reconstruction in Java.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@online{_sidtrackreconstruction_????,
  title = {{{SiDTrackReconstruction}} $<$ {{CLIC}} $<$ {{TWiki}}},
  url = {https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/CLIC/SiDTrackReconstruction},
  timestamp = {2016-09-30T21:45:21Z},
  urldate = {2016-09-30},
  file = {SiDTrackReconstruction < CLIC < TWiki:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/XEX424NA/SiDTrackReconstruction.html:text/html}
}

@misc{collaboration_heavy_2013,
  title = {Heavy {{Photon Search Experiment}} at {{Jefferson Laboratory}}: Proposal for 2014-2015 Run},
  url = {https://confluence.slac.stanford.edu/download/attachments/86676777/hps_2014.pdf?version=1&modificationDate=1368227154000},
  timestamp = {2016-09-17T20:03:45Z},
  author = {Collaboration, HPS},
  urldate = {2016-09-17},
  date = {2013-05-10}
}

@inproceedings{graf_simulator_2006,
  title = {Simulator {{For The Linear Collider}} ({{SLIC}}): {{A Tool For ILC Detector Simulations}}},
  volume = {867},
  url = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/proceeding/aipcp/10.1063/1.2396991},
  doi = {10.1063/1.2396991},
  shorttitle = {Simulator {{For The Linear Collider}} ({{SLIC}})},
  abstract = {The Simulator for the Linear Collider (SLIC) is a detector simulation program based on the GEANT4 toolkit. It is intended to enable end users to easily model detector concepts by providing the ability to fully describe detectors using plain text files read in by a common executable at runtime. The detector geometry, typically the most complex part of a detector simulation, is described at runtime using the Linear Collider Detector Description (LCDD). This system allows end users to create complex detector geometries in a standard XML format rather than procedural code such as C++. The LCDD system is based on the Geometry Description Markup Language (GDML) from the LHC Applications Group (LCG). The geometry system facilitates the study of different full detector design and their variations. SLIC uses the StdHep format to read input created by event generators and outputs events in the Linear Collider IO (LCIO) format. The SLIC package provides a binding to GEANT4 and many additional commands and features for the end user.},
  eventtitle = {CALORIMETRY IN HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS: XII International Conference},
  timestamp = {2016-10-10T04:00:35Z},
  booktitle = {{{AIP Conference Proceedings}}},
  publisher = {{AIP Publishing}},
  author = {Graf, Norman and McCormick, Jeremy},
  urldate = {2016-10-10},
  date = {2006-10-27},
  pages = {503--512},
  keywords = {Colliders,Large Hadron Collider,Markup languages},
  file = {slac-pub-12350.pdf:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/88E26MFT/slac-pub-12350.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/4PIKGZB5/1.html:text/html}
}

@article{blobel_fast_2011,
  title = {Fast Alignment of a Complex Tracking Detector Using Advanced Track Models},
  volume = {182},
  issn = {0010-4655},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010465511001093},
  doi = {10.1016/j.cpc.2011.03.017},
  abstract = {The inner silicon detector of the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment (CMS) at CERNʼs LHC consists of 16 588 modules. Charged-particle tracks in the detector are used to improve the accuracy to which the position and orientation of the modules are known. This contribution focuses on the Millepede-II algorithm, one of the two alignment algorithms used by CMS. Recently an advanced track model has been introduced into the CMS alignment procedure, which is based on the “Broken Lines” model and is able to take multiple Coulomb scattering in the detector material properly into account. We show the unique approach needed for solving the alignment problem in a reasonable amount of time. Emphasis is given to the mathematical treatment of the problem.},
  timestamp = {2016-10-17T00:47:35Z},
  number = {9},
  journaltitle = {Computer Physics Communications},
  shortjournal = {Computer Physics Communications},
  series = {Computer Physics Communications Special Edition for Conference on Computational Physics Trondheim, Norway, June 23-26, 2010},
  author = {Blobel, Volker and Kleinwort, Claus and Meier, Frank},
  urldate = {2016-10-17},
  date = {2011-09},
  pages = {1760--1763},
  keywords = {Alignment,Broken Lines,Millepede,Particle tracking detectors,Solid-state detectors},
  file = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/5NUF9P6K/S0010465511001093.html:text/html}
}

@article{blobel_software_2006,
  title = {Software Alignment for Tracking Detectors},
  volume = {566},
  issn = {0168-9002},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900206007984},
  doi = {10.1016/j.nima.2006.05.157},
  abstract = {Tracking detectors in high-energy physics experiments require an accurate determination of a large number of alignment parameters in order to allow a precise reconstruction of tracks and vertices. In addition to the initial optical survey and corrections for electronics and mechanical effects the use of tracks in a special software alignment is essential. A number of different methods is in use, ranging from simple residual-based procedures to complex fitting systems with many thousands of parameters. The methods are reviewed with respect to their mathematical basis and accuracy, and to aspects of the practical realization.},
  timestamp = {2016-10-17T01:03:11Z},
  number = {1},
  journaltitle = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  shortjournal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  series = {TIME 2005Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Tracking in High Multiplicity Environments1st Workshop on Tracking in High Multiplicity Environments},
  author = {Blobel, V.},
  urldate = {2016-10-17},
  date = {2006-10-01},
  pages = {5--13},
  keywords = {Global least-squares fit,Track detector alignment,Track fitting},
  file = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/7MEB46NA/S0168900206007984.html:text/html}
}

@article{blobel_new_2006,
  title = {A New Fast Track-Fit Algorithm Based on Broken Lines},
  volume = {566},
  issn = {0168-9002},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900206007996},
  doi = {10.1016/j.nima.2006.05.156},
  abstract = {The determination of the charged particle momentum in HEP experiments requires a fit of a parametrization to the points measured in a tracking chamber. A new non-recursive track-fit algorithm based on broken lines allows to reconstruct the particle trajectory taking into account details of multiple scattering. It provides optimal parameters and their covariance matrices at track start and end, and optimal values at each measured point along the trajectory including the variances. The parametrization of the trajectory allows the use of sparse-matrix techniques with a total computing time proportional to the number of data points. Under test conditions the new algorithm is found to be six times faster than the Kalman filter.},
  timestamp = {2016-10-17T01:03:14Z},
  number = {1},
  journaltitle = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  shortjournal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  series = {TIME 2005Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Tracking in High Multiplicity Environments1st Workshop on Tracking in High Multiplicity Environments},
  author = {Blobel, V.},
  urldate = {2016-10-17},
  date = {2006-10-01},
  pages = {14--17},
  keywords = {Global least-squares fit,Multiple scattering,Track fitting},
  file = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/Z5V3U4FK/S0168900206007996.html:text/html}
}

@unpublished{partridge_seed-based_2006,
  location = {{Vancouver, Canada}},
  title = {Seed-Based {{Tracking Algorithm}} for {{SiD}}},
  url = {https://agenda.linearcollider.org/event/316/contributions/11519/},
  abstract = {On behalf of the ALCPG and GDE, the Local Organizing Committee of the Vancouver Linear Collider Workshop, invites you to the July 2006 joint meeting of the American Linear Collider Physics Group and the International Linear Collider Global Design Effort - organized by TRIUMF. It will be held on the Campus of the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada from Wednesday, July 19th to Saturday, July 22nd.},
  timestamp = {2016-10-17T18:40:16Z},
  note = {Vancouver Linear Collider Workshop/GDE Meeting},
  author = {Partridge, Richard},
  urldate = {2016-10-17},
  date = {2006-07-19},
  file = {Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/FTESAPUK/11519.html:text/html}
}

@report{niyazov_dvcs_2005,
  title = {{{DVCS Calorimeter Prototype Reconstruction}} and {{Calibration Procedures}}},
  url = {https://misportal.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/viewFile.cfm/2005-007.pdf?documentId=148},
  timestamp = {2016-10-20T00:41:13Z},
  number = {2005-007},
  type = {{{CLAS Note}}},
  author = {Niyazov, R and Stepanyan, Stepan},
  urldate = {2016-10-19},
  year = {7/20/05}
}

@report{szumila-vance_hps_2016,
  title = {{{HPS Energy Calibration}} for the {{Spring}} 2015 {{Engineering Run}}},
  url = {https://misportal.jlab.org/mis/physics/hps_notes/viewFile.cfm/2016-002.pdf?documentId=18},
  timestamp = {2016-10-20T00:42:38Z},
  number = {2016-007},
  type = {{{HPS Note}}},
  author = {Szumila-Vance, Holly},
  urldate = {2016-10-19},
  year = {6/8/16}
}

@report{charles_2014,
  title = {Characterization of the ECal crystal light yield and amplification chain},
  url = {https://misportal.jlab.org/mis/physics/hps_notes/viewFile.cfm/2016-002.pdf?documentId=18},
  timestamp = {2016-10-20T00:42:38Z},
  number = {2014-002},
  type = {{{HPS Note}}},
  author = {Celentano, Andrea and Charles, Gabriel},
  urldate = {2016-10-19},
  year = {8/19/14}
}

@report{baltzell_ecal_2015,
  title = {{{ECal Pulse Fitting}}},
  url = {https://misportal.jlab.org/mis/physics/hps_notes/viewFile.cfm/2015-010.pdf?documentId=12},
  timestamp = {2016-10-24T04:37:52Z},
  number = {2015-010},
  type = {{{HPS Note}}},
  author = {Baltzell, Nathan},
  urldate = {2016-10-19},
  year = {9/9/15}
}

@report{szumila-vance_hps_ecal_2014,
  title = {{{HPS}}/{{ECal}} Simulations: Energy and Position Reconstruction for Electrons, Positrons and Photons},
  url = {https://misportal.jlab.org/mis/physics/hps_notes/viewFile.cfm/2014-001.pdf?documentId=1},
  timestamp = {2016-10-24T04:40:57Z},
  number = {2014-001},
  type = {{{HPS Note}}},
  author = {Szumila-Vance, Holly and Garcon, Michel},
  urldate = {2016-10-19},
  year = {8/8/14}
}

@report{field_hps_2015,
  title = {{{HPS}} Target},
  url = {https://misportal.jlab.org/mis/physics/hps_notes/viewFile.cfm/2015-008.pdf?documentId=11},
  timestamp = {2016-10-24T04:42:44Z},
  number = {2015-008},
  type = {{{HPS Note}}},
  author = {Field, Clive},
  urldate = {2016-10-19},
  year = {9/8/15}
}

@article{balossino_hps_2016,
  title = {The {{HPS}} Electromagnetic Calorimeter},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1610.04319},
  abstract = {The Heavy Photon Search experiment (HPS) is searching for a new gauge boson, the so-called "heavy photon". Through its kinetic mixing with the Standard Model photon, this particle could decay into an electron-positron pair. It would then be detectable as a narrow peak in the invariant mass spectrum of such pairs, or, depending on its lifetime, by a decay downstream of the production target. The HPS experiment is installed in Hall-B of Jefferson Lab. This article presents the design and performance of one of the two detectors of the experiment, the electromagnetic calorimeter, during the runs performed in 2015-2016. The calorimeter's main purpose is to provide a fast trigger and reduce the copious background from electromagnetic processes through matching with a tracking detector. The detector is a homogeneous calorimeter, made of 442 lead-tungsten (PbWO\$\_4\$) scintillating crystals, each read-out by an avalanche photodiode coupled to a custom trans-impedance amplifier.},
  timestamp = {2016-10-24T04:44:16Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1610.04319},
  primaryClass = {hep-ex, physics:nucl-ex, physics:physics},
  author = {Balossino, Ilaria and Baltzell, Nathan and Battaglieri, Marco and Bondi, Mariangela and Buchanan, Emma and Calvo, Daniela and Celentano, Andrea and Charles, Gabriel and Colaneri, Luca and D'Angelo, Annalisa and De Napoli, Marzio and De Vita, Raffaella and Dupre, Raphael and Ehrhart, Mathieu and Filippi, Alessandra and Garcon, Michel and Girod, Francois-Xavier and Guidal, Michel and Holtrop, Maurik and Iurasov, Volodymyr and Kubarovsky, Valery and McCarty, Kyle and McCormick, Jeremy and Osipenko, Mikhail and Paremuzyan, Rafayel and Randazzo, Nunzio and Rauly, Emmanuel and Raydo, Benjamin and Rindel, Emmanuel and Rizzo, Alessandro and Rosier, Philippe and Sipala, Valeria and Stepanyan, Stepan and Szumila-Vance, Holly and Weinstein, Lawrence},
  urldate = {2016-10-24},
  date = {2016-10-14},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,Nuclear Experiment,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors},
  file = {arXiv\:1610.04319 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/JQQ53TGA/Balossino et al. - 2016 - The HPS electromagnetic calorimeter.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/HHVUCV6U/1610.html:text/html}
}

@article{holdom_two_1986,
  title = {Two {{U}}(1)'s and ε Charge Shifts},
  volume = {166},
  issn = {0370-2693},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0370269386913778},
  doi = {10.1016/0370-2693(86)91377-8},
  abstract = {If new particles are gauged by a new U(1) then their electromagnetic charges may be shifted by a calculable amount.},
  timestamp = {2016-07-27T19:29:45Z},
  number = {2},
  journaltitle = {Physics Letters B},
  shortjournal = {Physics Letters B},
  author = {Holdom, Bob},
  urldate = {2016-07-27},
  date = {1986-01-09},
  pages = {196--198},
  file = {1-s2.0-0370269386913778-main.pdf:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/6WW3FCGX/1-s2.0-0370269386913778-main.pdf:application/pdf;ScienceDirect Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/D2AUZ32A/Holdom - 1986 - Two U(1)'s and ε charge shifts.html:text/html}
}

@article{bjorken_new_2009,
  title = {New {{Fixed}}-{{Target Experiments}} to {{Search}} for {{Dark Gauge Forces}}},
  volume = {80},
  issn = {1550-7998, 1550-2368},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0906.0580},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.80.075018},
  abstract = {Fixed-target experiments are ideally suited for discovering new MeV-GeV mass U(1) gauge bosons through their kinetic mixing with the photon. In this paper, we identify the production and decay properties of new light gauge bosons that dictate fixed-target search strategies. We summarize existing limits and suggest five new experimental approaches that we anticipate can cover most of the natural parameter space, using currently operating GeV-energy beams and well-established detection methods. Such experiments are particularly timely in light of recent terrestrial and astrophysical anomalies (PAMELA, FERMI, DAMA/LIBRA, etc.) consistent with dark matter charged under a new gauge force.},
  timestamp = {2016-07-26T23:21:40Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {0906.0580},
  number = {7},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review D},
  author = {Bjorken, James D. and Essig, Rouven and Schuster, Philip and Toro, Natalia},
  urldate = {2016-07-26},
  date = {2009-10-28},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:0906.0580 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/Z746DDUT/Bjorken et al. - 2009 - New Fixed-Target Experiments to Search for Dark Ga.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/B8352FF9/Bjorken et al. - 2009 - New Fixed-Target Experiments to Search for Dark Ga.html:text/html}
}

@article{essig_dark_2013,
  title = {Dark {{Sectors}} and {{New}}, {{Light}}, {{Weakly}}-{{Coupled Particles}}},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1311.0029},
  abstract = {Dark sectors, consisting of new, light, weakly-coupled particles that do not interact with the known strong, weak, or electromagnetic forces, are a particularly compelling possibility for new physics. Nature may contain numerous dark sectors, each with their own beautiful structure, distinct particles, and forces. This review summarizes the physics motivation for dark sectors and the exciting opportunities for experimental exploration. It is the summary of the Intensity Frontier subgroup "New, Light, Weakly-coupled Particles" of the Community Summer Study 2013 (Snowmass). We discuss axions, which solve the strong CP problem and are an excellent dark matter candidate, and their generalization to axion-like particles. We also review dark photons and other dark-sector particles, including sub-GeV dark matter, which are theoretically natural, provide for dark matter candidates or new dark matter interactions, and could resolve outstanding puzzles in particle and astro-particle physics. In many cases, the exploration of dark sectors can proceed with existing facilities and comparatively modest experiments. A rich, diverse, and low-cost experimental program has been identified that has the potential for one or more game-changing discoveries. These physics opportunities should be vigorously pursued in the US and elsewhere.},
  timestamp = {2016-07-27T19:53:31Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1311.0029},
  primaryClass = {astro-ph, physics:hep-ex, physics:hep-ph},
  author = {Essig, R. and Jaros, J. A. and Wester, W. and Adrian, P. Hansson and Andreas, S. and Averett, T. and Baker, O. and Batell, B. and Battaglieri, M. and Beacham, J. and Beranek, T. and Bjorken, J. D. and Bossi, F. and Boyce, J. R. and Cates, G. D. and Celentano, A. and Chou, A. S. and Cowan, R. and Curciarello, F. and Davoudiasl, H. and {deNiverville}, P. and De Vita, R. and Denig, A. and Dharmapalan, R. and Dongwi, B. and Döbrich, B. and Echenard, B. and Espriu, D. and Fegan, S. and Fisher, P. and Franklin, G. B. and Gasparian, A. and Gershtein, Y. and Graham, M. and Graham, P. W. and Haas, A. and Hatzikoutelis, A. and Holtrop, M. and Irastorza, I. and Izaguirre, E. and Jaeckel, J. and Kahn, Y. and Kalantarians, N. and Kohl, M. and Krnjaic, G. and Kubarovsky, V. and Lee, H.-S. and Lindner, A. and Lobanov, A. and Marciano, W. J. and Marsh, D. J. E. and Maruyama, T. and McKeen, D. and Merkel, H. and Moffeit, K. and Monaghan, P. and Mueller, G. and Nelson, T. K. and Neil, G. R. and Oriunno, M. and Pavlovic, Z. and Phillips, S. K. and Pivovaroff, M. J. and Poltis, R. and Pospelov, M. and Rajendran, S. and Redondo, J. and Ringwald, A. and Ritz, A. and Ruz, J. and Saenboonruang, K. and Schuster, P. and Shinn, M. and Slatyer, T. R. and Steffen, J. H. and Stepanyan, S. and Tanner, D. B. and Thaler, J. and Tobar, M. E. and Toro, N. and Upadye, A. and Van de Water, R. and Vlahovic, B. and Vogel, J. K. and Walker, D. and Weltman, A. and Wojtsekhowski, B. and Zhang, S. and Zioutas, K.},
  urldate = {2016-07-27},
  date = {2013-10-31},
  keywords = {Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics,High Energy Physics - Experiment,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:1311.0029 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/CJECU4K5/Essig et al. - 2013 - Dark Sectors and New, Light, Weakly-Coupled Partic.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/EPKXTZJN/1311.html:text/html}
}

@article{izaguirre_new_2013,
  title = {New Electron Beam-Dump Experiments to Search for {{MeV}} to Few-{{GeV}} Dark Matter},
  volume = {88},
  url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.88.114015},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.88.114015},
  abstract = {In a broad class of consistent models, MeV to few-GeV dark matter interacts with ordinary matter through weakly coupled GeV scale mediators. We show that a suitable meter scale (or smaller) detector situated downstream of an electron beam dump can sensitively probe dark matter interacting via sub-GeV mediators, while B-factory searches cover the 1–5 GeV range. Combined, such experiments explore a well-motivated and otherwise inaccessible region of dark matter parameter space with sensitivity several orders of magnitude beyond existing direct detection constraints. These experiments would also probe invisibly decaying new gauge bosons (“dark photons”) down to kinetic mixing of ε∼10−4, including the range of parameters relevant for explaining the (g−2)μ discrepancy. Sensitivity to other long-lived dark sector states and to new millicharge particles would also be improved.},
  timestamp = {2016-07-27T19:55:18Z},
  number = {11},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review D},
  shortjournal = {Phys. Rev. D},
  author = {Izaguirre, Eder and Krnjaic, Gordan and Schuster, Philip and Toro, Natalia},
  urldate = {2016-07-27},
  date = {2013-12-03},
  pages = {114015},
  file = {PhysRevD.88.pdf:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/8F4RBZ7X/PhysRevD.88.pdf:application/pdf;APS Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/8PBSW45Q/PhysRevD.88.html:text/html}
}

@article{essig_direct_2012,
  title = {Direct Detection of Sub-{{GeV}} Dark Matter},
  volume = {85},
  url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.85.076007},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.85.076007},
  abstract = {Direct detection strategies are proposed for dark matter particles with MeV to GeV mass. In this largely unexplored mass range, dark matter scattering with electrons can cause single-electron ionization signals, which are detectable with current technology. Ultraviolet photons, individual ions, and heat are interesting alternative signals. Focusing on ionization, we calculate the expected dark matter scattering rates and estimate the sensitivity of possible experiments. Backgrounds that may be relevant are discussed. Theoretically interesting models may be within reach using existing data and ongoing direct detection experiments. Significant improvements in sensitivity should be possible with dedicated experiments, opening up a window to new regions in dark matter parameter space.},
  timestamp = {2016-07-27T21:09:55Z},
  number = {7},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review D},
  shortjournal = {Phys. Rev. D},
  author = {Essig, Rouven and Mardon, Jeremy and Volansky, Tomer},
  urldate = {2016-07-27},
  date = {2012-04-09},
  pages = {076007},
  file = {APS Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/9MVC2NT3/PhysRevD.85.html:text/html}
}

@article{curtin_illuminating_2015,
  title = {Illuminating {{Dark Photons}} with {{High}}-{{Energy Colliders}}},
  volume = {2015},
  issn = {1029-8479},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1412.0018},
  doi = {10.1007/JHEP02(2015)157},
  abstract = {High-energy colliders offer a unique sensitivity to dark photons, the mediators of a broken dark U(1) gauge theory that kinetically mixes with the Standard Model (SM) hypercharge. Dark photons can be detected in the exotic decay of the 125 GeV Higgs boson, h -$>$ Z Z\_D -$>$ 4l, and in Drell-Yan events, pp -$>$ Z\_D -$>$ ll. If the dark U(1) is broken by a hidden-sector Higgs mechanism, then mixing between the dark and SM Higgs bosons also allows the exotic decay h -$>$ Z\_D Z\_D -$>$ 4l. We show that the 14 TeV LHC and a 100 TeV proton-proton collider provide powerful probes of both exotic Higgs decay channels. In the case of kinetic mixing alone, direct Drell-Yan production offers the best sensitivity to Z\_D, and can probe epsilon $>$\textasciitilde{} 9 x 10\^(-4) (4 x 10\^(-4)) at the HL-LHC (100 TeV pp collider). The exotic Higgs decay h -$>$ Z Z\_D offers slightly weaker sensitivity, but both measurements are necessary to distinguish the kinetically mixed dark photon from other scenarios. If Higgs mixing is also present, then the decay h -$>$ Z\_D Z\_D can allow sensitivity to the Z\_D for epsilon $>$\textasciitilde{} 10\^(-9) - 10\^(-6) (10\^(-10) - 10\^(-7)) for the mass range 2 m\_mu $<$ m\_(Z\_D) $<$ m\_h/2 by searching for displaced dark photon decays. We also compare the Z\_D sensitivity at pp colliders to the indirect, but model-independent, sensitivity of global fits to electroweak precision observables. We perform a global electroweak fit of the dark photon model, substantially updating previous work in the literature. Electroweak precision measurements at LEP, Tevatron, and the LHC exclude epsilon as low as 3 x 10\^(-2). Sensitivity can be improved by up to a factor of \textasciitilde{}2 with HL-LHC data, and an additional factor of \textasciitilde{}4 with ILC/GigaZ data.},
  timestamp = {2016-07-27T22:41:48Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1412.0018},
  number = {2},
  journaltitle = {Journal of High Energy Physics},
  author = {Curtin, David and Essig, Rouven and Gori, Stefania and Shelton, Jessie},
  urldate = {2016-07-27},
  date = {2015-02},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:1412.0018 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/9VGP8DEI/Curtin et al. - 2015 - Illuminating Dark Photons with High-Energy Collide.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/KJD9XUJZ/1412.html:text/html}
}

@article{arkani-hamed_lhc_2008,
  title = {{{LHC Signals}} for a {{SuperUnified Theory}} of {{Dark Matter}}},
  volume = {2008},
  issn = {1029-8479},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0810.0714},
  doi = {10.1088/1126-6708/2008/12/104},
  abstract = {A new theory of WIMP Dark Matter has been proposed, motivated directly by striking Data from the PAMELA and ATIC collaborations. The WIMP is taken to be charged under a hidden gauge symmetry G\_Dark, broken near the GeV scale; this also provides the necessary ingredients for the "exciting" and "inelastic" Dark Matter interpretations of the INTEGRAL and DAMA signals. In this short note we point out the consequences of the most straightforward embedding of this simple picture within low-energy SUSY, in which G\_Dark breaking at the GeV scale arises naturally through radiative corrections, or Planck-suppressed operators. The theory predicts major additions to SUSY signals at the LHC. A completely generic prediction is that G\_Dark particles can be produced in cascade decays of MSSM superpartners, since these end with pairs of MSSM LSP's that in turn decay into the true LSP and other particles in the dark sector. In turn, the lightest GeV-scale dark Higgses and gauge bosons eventually decay back into light SM states, and dominantly into leptons. Therefore, a large fraction of all SUSY events will contain at least two ``lepton jets'': collections of n$>$= 2 leptons, with small angular separations and GeV scale invariant masses. Furthermore, if the Dark Matter sector is directly charged under the Standard Model, the success of gauge coupling unification implies the presence of new long-lived colored particles that can be copiously produced at the LHC.},
  timestamp = {2016-07-28T00:10:45Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {0810.0714},
  number = {12},
  journaltitle = {Journal of High Energy Physics},
  author = {Arkani-Hamed, Nima and Weiner, Neal},
  urldate = {2016-07-28},
  date = {2008-12-29},
  pages = {104--104},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:0810.0714 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/6M3NQC6H/Arkani-Hamed and Weiner - 2008 - LHC Signals for a SuperUnified Theory of Dark Matt.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/JR86VHSE/0810.html:text/html}
}

@article{bjorken_search_1988,
  title = {Search for Neutral Metastable Penetrating Particles Produced in the {{SLAC}} Beam Dump},
  volume = {38},
  url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.38.3375},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.38.3375},
  abstract = {A search was made for neutral objects which might be produced by 20-GeV electrons incident on the SLAC beam dump, penetrate the downstream natural shielding, and decay upstream of an electromagnetic shower calorimeter. With about 30 C of electrons dumped, no candidate events were found above an energy of ∼2 GeV. The 95\%-confidence-level limit on the product of mass and lifetime of light axionlike bosons decaying primarily into two photons is determined to be greater than 1.4 keV sec. Limits on photino parameters are also given.},
  timestamp = {2016-07-29T01:15:00Z},
  number = {11},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review D},
  shortjournal = {Phys. Rev. D},
  author = {Bjorken, J. D. and Ecklund, S. and Nelson, W. R. and Abashian, A. and Church, C. and Lu, B. and Mo, L. W. and Nunamaker, T. A. and Rassmann, P.},
  urldate = {2016-07-29},
  date = {1988-12-01},
  pages = {3375--3386},
  file = {Full Text PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/HD32Q5P3/Bjorken et al. - 1988 - Search for neutral metastable penetrating particle.pdf:application/pdf;APS Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/N8MRHS4B/PhysRevD.38.html:text/html}
}

@article{bross_search_1991,
  title = {Search for Short-Lived Particles Produced in an Electron Beam Dump},
  volume = {67},
  url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.2942},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.2942},
  abstract = {A search for short-lived neutral particles which decay to electron-positron pairs has been carried out using a beam of 275-GeV electrons incident on an instrumental tungsten beam dump. The experiment was sensitive to particles up to 10 MeV/c2 in mass and down to 4×10−16 sec in lifetime.},
  timestamp = {2016-07-29T01:21:46Z},
  number = {21},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review Letters},
  shortjournal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  author = {Bross, A. and Crisler, M. and Pordes, S. and Volk, J. and Errede, S. and Wrbanek, J.},
  urldate = {2016-07-29},
  date = {1991-11-18},
  pages = {2942--2945},
  file = {Full Text PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/QTE628Q8/Bross et al. - 1991 - Search for short-lived particles produced in an el.pdf:application/pdf;APS Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/KIZZB6NB/PhysRevLett.67.html:text/html}
}

@article{riordan_search_1987,
  title = {Search for Short-Lived Axions in an Electron-Beam-Dump Experiment},
  volume = {59},
  url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.59.755},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.59.755},
  abstract = {We report results of an electron-beam-dump search for neutral particles with masses in the range 1 to 15 MeV and lifetimes τ between 10−14 and 10−10 s. No evidence was found for such an object. We fule out the existence of any 1.8-MeV pseudoscalar boson with τ$>$8.2×10−15 s and an absorption cross section in matter less than 1 mb per nucleon, and exclude τ$>$1×10−14 s were its cross section to equal 50 mb per nucleon. In conjunction with measurements of the electron’s anomalous magnetic moment, this experiment shows that the narrow positron peaks observed in heavy-ion collisions at the Gessellschaft fu ̈r Schwerionenforschung are not due to an elementary pseudoscalar.},
  timestamp = {2016-07-29T01:21:53Z},
  number = {7},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review Letters},
  shortjournal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  author = {Riordan, E. M. and Krasny, M. W. and Lang, K. and de Barbaro, P. and Bodek, A. and Dasu, S. and Varelas, N. and Wang, X. and Arnold, R. and Benton, D. and Bosted, P. and Clogher, L. and Lung, A. and Rock, S. and Szalata, Z. and Filippone, B. W. and Walker, R. C. and Bjorken, J. D. and Crisler, M. and Para, A. and Lambert, J. and Button-Shafer, J. and Debebe, B. and Frodyma, M. and Hicks, R. S. and Peterson, G. A. and Gearhart, R.},
  urldate = {2016-07-29},
  date = {1987-08-17},
  pages = {755--758},
  options = {useprefix=true},
  file = {Full Text PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/MKAIHXPB/Riordan et al. - 1987 - Search for short-lived axions in an electron-beam-.pdf:application/pdf;APS Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/P9U6VU43/PhysRevLett.59.html:text/html}
}

@article{andreas_hidden_2013,
  title = {Hidden {{Photons}} in Connection to {{Dark Matter}}},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1306.1168},
  doi = {10.1063/1.4829388},
  abstract = {Light extra U(1) gauge bosons, so called hidden photons, which reside in a hidden sector have attracted much attention since they are a well motivated feature of many scenarios beyond the Standard Model and furthermore could mediate the interaction with hidden sector dark matter. We review limits on hidden photons from past electron beam dump experiments including two new limits from such experiments at KEK and Orsay. In addition, we study the possibility of having dark matter in the hidden sector. A simple toy model and different supersymmetric realisations are shown to provide viable dark matter candidates in the hidden sector that are in agreement with recent direct detection limits.},
  timestamp = {2016-07-29T02:05:51Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1306.1168},
  primaryClass = {hep-ph},
  author = {Andreas, Sarah and Goodsell, Mark D. and Ringwald, Andreas},
  urldate = {2016-07-29},
  date = {2013},
  pages = {114--117},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:1306.1168 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/KQ2SAMJA/Andreas et al. - 2013 - Hidden Photons in connection to Dark Matter.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/WE365KBD/1306.html:text/html}
}

@article{arkani-hamed_theory_2009,
  title = {A {{Theory}} of {{Dark Matter}}},
  volume = {79},
  issn = {1550-7998, 1550-2368},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0810.0713},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.79.015014},
  abstract = {We propose a comprehensive theory of dark matter that explains the recent proliferation of unexpected observations in high-energy astrophysics. Cosmic ray spectra from ATIC and PAMELA require a WIMP with mass M\_chi \textasciitilde{} 500 - 800 GeV that annihilates into leptons at a level well above that expected from a thermal relic. Signals from WMAP and EGRET reinforce this interpretation. Taken together, we argue these facts imply the presence of a GeV-scale new force in the dark sector. The long range allows a Sommerfeld enhancement to boost the annihilation cross section as required, without altering the weak scale annihilation cross section during dark matter freezeout in the early universe. If the dark matter annihilates into the new force carrier, phi, its low mass can force it to decay dominantly into leptons. If the force carrier is a non-Abelian gauge boson, the dark matter is part of a multiplet of states, and splittings between these states are naturally generated with size alpha m\_phi \textasciitilde{} MeV, leading to the eXciting dark matter (XDM) scenario previously proposed to explain the positron annihilation in the galactic center observed by the INTEGRAL satellite. Somewhat smaller splittings would also be expected, providing a natural source for the parameters of the inelastic dark matter (iDM) explanation for the DAMA annual modulation signal. Since the Sommerfeld enhancement is most significant at low velocities, early dark matter halos at redshift \textasciitilde{}10 potentially produce observable effects on the ionization history of the universe, and substructure is more detectable than with a conventional WIMP. Moreover, the low velocity dispersion of dwarf galaxies and Milky Way subhalos can greatly increase the substructure annihilation signal.},
  timestamp = {2016-07-29T02:07:55Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {0810.0713},
  number = {1},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review D},
  author = {Arkani-Hamed, Nima and Finkbeiner, Douglas P. and Slatyer, Tracy R. and Weiner, Neal},
  urldate = {2016-07-29},
  date = {2009-01-27},
  keywords = {Astrophysics,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:0810.0713 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/PWAJEAWA/Arkani-Hamed et al. - 2009 - A Theory of Dark Matter.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/GNN4VT4J/0810.html:text/html}
}

@article{hooper_dark_2012,
  title = {Dark {{Forces}} and {{Light Dark Matter}}},
  volume = {86},
  issn = {1550-7998, 1550-2368},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1206.2929},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.86.056009},
  abstract = {We consider a simple class of models in which the dark matter, X, is coupled to a new gauge boson, phi, with a relatively low mass (m\_phi $\backslash$sim 100 MeV-3 GeV). Neither the dark matter nor the new gauge boson have tree-level couplings to the Standard Model. The dark matter in this model annihilates to phi pairs, and for a coupling of g\_X $\backslash$sim 0.06 (m\_X/10 GeV)\^1/2 yields a thermal relic abundance consistent with the cosmological density of dark matter. The phi's produced in such annihilations decay through a small degree of kinetic mixing with the photon to combinations of Standard Model leptons and mesons. For dark matter with a mass of $\backslash$sim10 GeV, the shape of the resulting gamma-ray spectrum provides a good fit to that observed from the Galactic Center, and can also provide the very hard electron spectrum required to account for the observed synchrotron emission from the Milky Way's radio filaments. For kinetic mixing near the level naively expected from loop-suppressed operators (epsilon $\backslash$sim 10\^\{-4\}), the dark matter is predicted to scatter elastically with protons with a cross section consistent with that required to accommodate the signals reported by DAMA/LIBRA, CoGeNT and CRESST-II.},
  timestamp = {2016-07-29T02:10:49Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1206.2929},
  number = {5},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review D},
  author = {Hooper, Dan and Weiner, Neal and Xue, Wei},
  urldate = {2016-07-29},
  date = {2012-09-26},
  keywords = {Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:1206.2929 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/JQ2HR9SF/Hooper et al. - 2012 - Dark Forces and Light Dark Matter.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/NQ5SUZXG/1206.html:text/html}
}

@article{davidson_updated_2000,
  title = {Updated {{Bounds}} on {{Milli}}-{{Charged Particles}}},
  volume = {2000},
  issn = {1029-8479},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0001179},
  doi = {10.1088/1126-6708/2000/05/003},
  timestamp = {2016-08-25T03:07:08Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {hep-ph/0001179},
  issue = {05},
  journaltitle = {Journal of High Energy Physics},
  author = {Davidson, Sacha and Hannestad, Steen and Raffelt, Georg},
  urldate = {2016-07-31},
  date = {2000-05-02},
  pages = {003--003},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:hep-ph/0001179 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/H782XBU8/Davidson et al. - 2000 - Updated Bounds on Milli-Charged Particles.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/6359MMRU/0001179.html:text/html}
}

@article{prinz_search_1998,
  title = {Search for {{Millicharged Particles}} at {{SLAC}}},
  volume = {81},
  url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.1175},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.1175},
  abstract = {Particles with electric charge q≤10−3e and masses in the range 1–100MeV/c2 are not excluded by present experiments. An experiment uniquely suited to the production and detection of such “millicharged” particles has been carried out at SLAC. This experiment is sensitive to the infrequent excitation and ionization of matter expected from the passage of such a particle. Analysis of the data rules out a region of mass and charge, establishing, for example, a 95\%-confidence upper limit on electric charge of 4.1×10−5e for millicharged particles of mass 1MeV/c2 and 5.8×10−4e for mass 100MeV/c2.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-01T01:28:18Z},
  number = {6},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review Letters},
  shortjournal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  author = {Prinz, A. A. and Baggs, R. and Ballam, J. and Ecklund, S. and Fertig, C. and Jaros, J. A. and Kase, K. and Kulikov, A. and Langeveld, W. G. J. and Leonard, R. and Marvin, T. and Nakashima, T. and Nelson, W. R. and Odian, A. and Pertsova, M. and Putallaz, G. and Weinstein, A.},
  urldate = {2016-08-01},
  date = {1998-08-10},
  pages = {1175--1178},
  file = {APS Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/BNEGCMS2/PhysRevLett.81.html:text/html}
}

@article{Lees_2014xha,
      author         = "Lees, J. P. and others",
      title          = "{Search for a Dark Photon in $e^+e^-$ Collisions at
                        BaBar}",
      collaboration  = "BaBar",
      journal        = "Phys. Rev. Lett.",
      volume         = "113",
      year           = "2014",
      number         = "20",
      pages          = "201801",
      doi            = "10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.201801",
      eprint         = "1406.2980",
      archivePrefix  = "arXiv",
      primaryClass   = "hep-ex",
      reportNumber   = "BABAR-PUB-14-002, SLAC-PUB-15979",
      SLACcitation   = "%%CITATION = ARXIV:1406.2980;%%"
}

@article{essig_probing_2009,
  title = {Probing Dark Forces and Light Hidden Sectors at Low-Energy \$\{e\}\^\{+\}\{e\}\^\{-\}\$ Colliders},
  volume = {80},
  url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.80.015003},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.80.015003},
  abstract = {A dark sector—a new non-Abelian gauge group Higgsed or confined near the GeV scale—can be spectacularly probed in low-energy e+e− collisions. A low-mass dark sector can explain the annual modulation signal reported by DAMA/LIBRA and the PAMELA, ATIC, and INTEGRAL observations by generating small mass splittings and new interactions for weak-scale dark matter. Some of these observations may be the first signs of a low-mass dark sector that collider searches can definitively confirm. Production and decay of ⬚⬚(GeV)-mass dark states is mediated by a Higgsed Abelian gauge boson that mixes kinetically with hypercharge. Existing data from BABAR, BELLE, CLEO-c, and KLOE may contain thousands of striking dark-sector events with a high multiplicity of leptons that reconstruct mass resonances and possibly displaced vertices. We discuss the production and decay phenomenology of Higgsed and confined dark sectors and propose e+e− collider search strategies. We also use the DAMA/LIBRA signal to estimate the production cross sections and decay lifetimes for dark-sector states.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-01T00:23:18Z},
  number = {1},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review D},
  shortjournal = {Phys. Rev. D},
  author = {Essig, Rouven and Schuster, Philip and Toro, Natalia},
  urldate = {2016-08-01},
  date = {2009-07-06},
  pages = {015003},
  file = {0903.3941v2.pdf:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/2KTSIJTE/0903.3941v2.pdf:application/pdf;APS Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/6CB7ZZHT/PhysRevD.80.html:text/html}
}

@article{pospelov_secluded_2008,
  title = {Secluded {{WIMP Dark Matter}}},
  volume = {662},
  issn = {03702693},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0711.4866},
  doi = {10.1016/j.physletb.2008.02.052},
  abstract = {We consider a generic mechanism via which thermal relic WIMP dark matter may be decoupled from the Standard Model, namely through a combination of WIMP annihilation to metastable mediators with subsequent delayed decay to Standard Model states. We illustrate this with explicit examples of WIMPs connected to the Standard Model by metastable bosons or fermions. In all models, provided the WIMP mass is greater than that of the mediator, it can be secluded from the Standard Model with an extremely small elastic scattering cross-section on nuclei and rate for direct collider production. In contrast, indirect signatures from WIMP annihilation are consistent with a weak scale cross-section and provide potentially observable $\backslash$gamma-ray signals. We also point out that $\backslash$gamma-ray constraints and flavor physics impose severe restrictions on MeV-scale variants of secluded models, and identify limited classes that pass all the observational constraints.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-10T17:28:15Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {0711.4866},
  number = {1},
  journaltitle = {Physics Letters B},
  author = {Pospelov, Maxim and Ritz, Adam and Voloshin, Mikhail B.},
  urldate = {2016-08-10},
  date = {2008-04},
  pages = {53--61},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:0711.4866 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/9U5TR3TV/Pospelov et al. - 2008 - Secluded WIMP Dark Matter.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/6J39ZS5U/Pospelov et al. - 2008 - Secluded WIMP Dark Matter.html:text/html}
}

@article{pospelov_secluded_2009,
  title = {Secluded {{U}}(1) below the Weak Scale},
  volume = {80},
  issn = {1550-7998, 1550-2368},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0811.1030},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.80.095002},
  abstract = {A secluded U(1) sector with weak admixture to photons, O(10\^\{-2\}-10\^\{-3\}), and the scale of the breaking below 1 GeV represents a natural yet poorly constrained extension of the Standard Model. We analyze g-2 of muons and electrons together with other precision QED data, as well as radiative decays of strange particles to constrain mass--mixing angle (m\_V-$\backslash$kappa) parameter space. We point out that m\_V = 214 MeV and $\backslash$kappa\^2 $>$ 3$\backslash$times 10\^\{-5\} can be consistent with the hypothesis of HyperCP collaboration, that seeks to explain the anomalous energy distribution of muon pairs in the $\backslash$Sigma\^+ $\backslash$to p $\backslash$mu\^+$\backslash$mu\^- process by a resonance, without direct contradiction to the existing data on radiative kaon decays. The same parameters lead to O(\{$\backslash$rm few\} $\backslash$times 10\^\{-9\}) upward correction to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, possibly relaxing some tension between experimental value and theoretical determinations of g-2. The ultra-fine energy resolution scan of e\^+e\^-$\backslash$to $\backslash$mu\^+$\backslash$mu\^- cross section and dedicated analysis of lepton spectra from K\^+$\backslash$to $\backslash$pi\^+ e\^+e\^- decays should be able to provide a conclusive test of this hypothesis and improve the constraints on the model.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-10T17:27:49Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {0811.1030},
  number = {9},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review D},
  author = {Pospelov, Maxim},
  urldate = {2016-08-10},
  date = {2009-11-02},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:0811.1030 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/BNNXE6R8/Pospelov - 2009 - Secluded U(1) below the weak scale.pdf:application/pdf}
}
@article{Abel:2008ai,
      author         = "Abel, S. A. and Goodsell, M. D. and Jaeckel, J. and
                        Khoze, V. V. and Ringwald, A.",
      title          = "{Kinetic Mixing of the Photon with Hidden U(1)s in String
                        Phenomenology}",
      journal        = "JHEP",
      volume         = "07",
      year           = "2008",
      pages          = "124",
      doi            = "10.1088/1126-6708/2008/07/124",
      eprint         = "0803.1449",
      archivePrefix  = "arXiv",
      primaryClass   = "hep-ph",
      reportNumber   = "IPPP-08-14, DESY-08-026",
      SLACcitation   = "%%CITATION = ARXIV:0803.1449;%%"
}
@article{Cheung:2009qd,
      author         = "Cheung, Clifford and Ruderman, Joshua T. and Wang,
                        Lian-Tao and Yavin, Itay",
      title          = "{Kinetic Mixing as the Origin of Light Dark Scales}",
      journal        = "Phys. Rev.",
      volume         = "D80",
      year           = "2009",
      pages          = "035008",
      doi            = "10.1103/PhysRevD.80.035008",
      eprint         = "0902.3246",
      archivePrefix  = "arXiv",
      primaryClass   = "hep-ph",
      SLACcitation   = "%%CITATION = ARXIV:0902.3246;%%"
}
@article{dienes_kinetic_1997,
  title = {Kinetic {{Mixing}} and the {{Supersymmetric Gauge Hierarchy}}},
  volume = {492},
  issn = {05503213},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9610479},
  doi = {10.1016/S0550-3213(97)00173-9},
  abstract = {The most general Lagrangian for a model with two U(1) gauge symmetries contains a renormalizable operator which mixes their gauge kinetic terms. Such kinetic mixing can be generated at arbitrarily high scales but will not be suppressed by large masses. In models whose supersymmetry (SUSY)-breaking hidden sectors contain U(1) gauge factors, we show that such terms will generically arise and communicate SUSY-breaking to the visible sector through mixing with hypercharge. In the context of the usual supergravity- or gauge-mediated communication scenarios with D-terms of order the fundamental scale of SUSY-breaking, this effect can destabilize the gauge hierarchy. Even in models for which kinetic mixing is suppressed or the D-terms are arranged to be small, this effect is a potentially large correction to the soft scalar masses and therefore introduces a new measurable low-energy parameter. We calculate the size of kinetic mixing both in field theory and in string theory, and argue that appreciable kinetic mixing is a generic feature of string models. We conclude that the possibility of kinetic mixing effects cannot be ignored in model-building and in phenomenological studies of the low-energy SUSY spectra.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-22T01:34:24Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {hep-ph/9610479},
  issue = {1-2},
  journaltitle = {Nuclear Physics B},
  author = {Dienes, Keith R. and Kolda, Christopher and March-Russell, John},
  urldate = {2016-08-22},
  date = {1997-05-12},
  pages = {104--118},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology,High Energy Physics - Theory},
  file = {arXiv\:hep-ph/9610479 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/ER2VF45P/Dienes et al. - 1997 - Kinetic Mixing and the Supersymmetric Gauge Hierar.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/ZE8T9ZFM/9610479.html:text/html}
}

@article{brahmachari_kinetic_2014,
  title = {Kinetic Mixing and Symmetry Breaking Dependent Interactions of the Dark Photon},
  volume = {887},
  issn = {05503213},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1409.2082},
  doi = {10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2014.08.015},
  abstract = {We examine spontaneous symmetry breaking of a renormalisable U(1) x U(1) gauge theory coupled to fermions when kinetic mixing is present. We do not assume that the kinetic mixing parameter is small. A rotation plus scaling is used to remove the mixing and put the gauge kinetic terms in the canonical form. Fermion currents are also rotated in a non-orthogonal way by this basis transformation. Through suitable redefinitions the interaction is cast into a diagonal form. This framework, where mixing is absent, is used for subsequent analysis. The symmetry breaking determines the fermionic current which couples to the massless gauge boson. The strength of this coupling as well as the couplings of the massive gauge boson are extracted. This formulation is used to consider a gauged model for dark matter by identifying the massless gauge boson with the photon and the massive state to its dark counterpart. Matching the coupling of the residual symmetry with that of the photon sets a lower bound on the kinetic mixing parameter. We present analytical formulae of the couplings of the dark photon in this model and indicate some physics consequences.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-22T01:33:59Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1409.2082},
  journaltitle = {Nuclear Physics B},
  author = {Brahmachari, Biswajoy and Raychaudhuri, Amitava},
  urldate = {2016-08-22},
  date = {2014-10},
  pages = {441--455},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:1409.2082 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/64NHGPBA/Brahmachari and Raychaudhuri - 2014 - Kinetic mixing and symmetry breaking dependent int.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/NIMG5WNX/1409.html:text/html}
}

@article{del_aguila_gauge_1988,
  title = {Gauge Coupling Renormalisation with Several {{U}}(1) Factors},
  volume = {307},
  issn = {0550-3213},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0550321388902660},
  doi = {10.1016/0550-3213(88)90266-0},
  abstract = {We examine the renormalisation of gauge coupling constants in theories with a G × U(1)N gauge group (which appears to be the gauge symmetry of many possible superstring vacua). In general, the abelian gauge bosons mix among themselves, so a correct renormalisation requires including this mixing in the evolution of the gauge couplings. We present general results and note that the mixing is scale independent to all orders if the renormalization group trajectory passes through a unification point. We discuss the cases of one loop and two loops explicitly. An example, based on a possible superstring-inspired model, is given.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-23T02:42:59Z},
  number = {3},
  journaltitle = {Nuclear Physics B},
  shortjournal = {Nuclear Physics B},
  author = {Del Aguila, F. and Coughlan, G. D. and Quirós, M.},
  urldate = {2016-08-23},
  date = {1988-09-26},
  pages = {633--648},
  file = {1-s2.0-0550321388902660-main.pdf:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/GAESS25Z/1-s2.0-0550321388902660-main.pdf:application/pdf;ScienceDirect Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/FCQ2AP4U/0550321388902660.html:text/html}
}

@article{andreas_dark_2013,
  title = {Dark {{Matter}} and {{Dark Forces}} from a Supersymmetric Hidden Sector},
  volume = {87},
  issn = {1550-7998, 1550-2368},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1109.2869},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.87.025007},
  abstract = {We show that supersymmetric "Dark Force" models with gravity mediation are viable. To this end, we analyse a simple string-inspired supersymmetric hidden sector model that interacts with the visible sector via kinetic mixing of a light Abelian gauge boson with the hypercharge. We include all induced interactions with the visible sector such as neutralino mass mixing and the Higgs portal term. We perform a detailed parameter space scan comparing the produced dark matter relic abundance and direct detection cross sections to current experiments.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-23T19:38:26Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1109.2869},
  number = {2},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review D},
  author = {Andreas, S. and Goodsell, M. D. and Ringwald, A.},
  urldate = {2016-08-23},
  date = {2013-01-03},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:1109.2869 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/KWDMZFWA/Andreas et al. - 2013 - Dark Matter and Dark Forces from a supersymmetric .pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/79HM2U9U/1109.html:text/html}
}

@article{cheung_kinetic_2009,
  title = {Kinetic {{Mixing}} as the {{Origin}} of {{Light Dark Scales}}},
  volume = {80},
  issn = {1550-7998, 1550-2368},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0902.3246},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.80.035008},
  abstract = {We propose a model in which supersymmetric weak scale dark matter is charged under a U(1)\_d dark gauge symmetry. Kinetic mixing between U(1)\_d and hypercharge generates the appropriate hierarchy of scales needed to explain PAMELA and ATIC with a GeV scale force carrier and DAMA (or INTEGRAL) using the proposals of inelastic (or, respectively, exciting) dark matter. Because of the extreme simplicity of this setup, observational constraints lead to unambiguous determination of the model parameters. In particular, the DAMA scattering cross section is directly related to the size of the hypercharge D-term vacuum expectation value. The known relic abundance of DM can be used to fix the ratio of the dark sector coupling to the dark matter mass. Finally, the recent observation of cosmic ray positron and electron excesses can be used to fix the mass of the dark matter through the observation of a shoulder in the spectrum and the size of the kinetic mixing by fitting to the rate. These parameters can be used to make further predictions, which can be checked at future direct detection, indirect detection, as well as collider experiments.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-24T01:25:50Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {0902.3246},
  number = {3},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review D},
  author = {Cheung, Clifford and Ruderman, Joshua T. and Wang, Lian-Tao and Yavin, Itay},
  urldate = {2016-08-24},
  date = {2009-08-12},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:0902.3246 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/7548NXUJ/Cheung et al. - 2009 - Kinetic Mixing as the Origin of Light Dark Scales.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/47M6QNCQ/0902.html:text/html}
}

@article{morrissey_abelian_2009,
  title = {Abelian {{Hidden Sectors}} at a {{GeV}}},
  volume = {2009},
  issn = {1029-8479},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0904.2567},
  doi = {10.1088/1126-6708/2009/07/050},
  abstract = {We discuss mechanisms for naturally generating GeV-scale hidden sectors in the context of weak-scale supersymmetry. Such low mass scales can arise when hidden sectors are more weakly coupled to supersymmetry breaking than the visible sector, as happens when supersymmetry breaking is communicated to the visible sector by gauge interactions under which the hidden sector is uncharged, or if the hidden sector is sequestered from gravity-mediated supersymmetry breaking. We study these mechanisms in detail in the context of gauge and gaugino mediation, and present specific models of Abelian GeV-scale hidden sectors. In particular, we discuss kinetic mixing of a U(1)\_x gauge force with hypercharge, singlets or bi-fundamentals which couple to both sectors, and additional loop effects. Finally, we investigate the possible relevance of such sectors for dark matter phenomenology, as well as for low- and high-energy collider searches.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-24T01:48:05Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {0904.2567},
  issue = {07},
  journaltitle = {Journal of High Energy Physics},
  author = {Morrissey, David E. and Poland, David and Zurek, Kathryn M.},
  urldate = {2016-08-24},
  date = {2009-07-15},
  pages = {050--050},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:0904.2567 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/Q5NJRKDU/Morrissey et al. - 2009 - Abelian Hidden Sectors at a GeV.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/6WSXU4JH/0904.html:text/html}
}

@article{baumgart_non-abelian_2009,
  title = {Non-{{Abelian Dark Sectors}} and {{Their Collider Signatures}}},
  volume = {2009},
  issn = {1029-8479},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0901.0283},
  doi = {10.1088/1126-6708/2009/04/014},
  abstract = {Motivated by the recent proliferation of observed astrophysical anomalies, Arkani-Hamed et al. have proposed a model in which dark matter is charged under a non-abelian "dark" gauge symmetry that is broken at \textasciitilde{} 1 GeV. In this paper, we present a survey of concrete models realizing such a scenario, followed by a largely model-independent study of collider phenomenology relevant to the Tevatron and the LHC. We address some model building issues that are easily surmounted to accommodate the astrophysics. While SUSY is not necessary, we argue that it is theoretically well-motivated because the GeV scale is automatically generated. Specifically, we propose a novel mechanism by which mixed D-terms in the dark sector induce either SUSY breaking or a super-Higgs mechanism precisely at a GeV. Furthermore, we elaborate on the original proposal of Arkani-Hamed et al. in which the dark matter acts as a messenger of gauge mediation to the dark sector. In our collider analysis we present cross-sections for dominant production channels and lifetime estimates for primary decay modes. We find that dark gauge bosons can be produced at the Tevatron and the LHC, either through a process analogous to prompt photon production or through a rare Z decay channel. Dark gauge bosons will decay back to the SM via "lepton jets" which typically contain $>$2 and as many as 8 leptons, significantly improving their discovery potential. Since SUSY decays from the MSSM will eventually cascade down to these lepton jets, the discovery potential for direct electroweak-ino production may also be improved. Exploiting the unique kinematics, we find that it is possible to reconstruct the mass of the MSSM LSP. We also present decay channels with displaced vertices and multiple leptons with partially correlated impact parameters.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-24T02:04:49Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {0901.0283},
  issue = {04},
  journaltitle = {Journal of High Energy Physics},
  author = {Baumgart, Matthew and Cheung, Clifford and Ruderman, Joshua T. and Wang, Lian-Tao and Yavin, Itay},
  urldate = {2016-08-24},
  date = {2009-04-03},
  pages = {014--014},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:0901.0283 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/N55FI3QW/Baumgart et al. - 2009 - Non-Abelian Dark Sectors and Their Collider Signat.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/RXEXEQB3/0901.html:text/html}
}

@article{cicoli_testing_2011,
  title = {Testing {{String Vacua}} in the {{Lab}}: {{From}} a {{Hidden CMB}} to {{Dark Forces}} in {{Flux Compactifications}}},
  volume = {2011},
  issn = {1029-8479},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1103.3705},
  doi = {10.1007/JHEP07(2011)114},
  shorttitle = {Testing {{String Vacua}} in the {{Lab}}},
  abstract = {We perform a detailed analysis of the phenomenological properties of hidden Abelian gauge bosons with a kinetic mixing with the ordinary photon within type IIB flux compactifications. We study the interplay between moduli stabilisation and the Green-Schwarz mechanism that gives mass to the hidden photon paying particular attention to the role of D-terms. We present two generic classes of explicit Calabi-Yau examples with an isotropic and an anisotropic shape of the extra dimensions showing how the last case turns out to be very promising to make contact with current experiments. In fact, anisotropic compactifications lead naturally to a GeV-scale hidden photon ("dark forces" that can be searched for in beam dump experiments) for an intermediate string scale; or even to an meV-scale hidden photon (which could lead to a "hidden CMB" and can be tested by light-shining-through-a-wall experiments) in the case of TeV-scale strings.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-24T02:12:27Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1103.3705},
  number = {7},
  journaltitle = {Journal of High Energy Physics},
  author = {Cicoli, Michele and Goodsell, Mark and Jaeckel, Joerg and Ringwald, Andreas},
  urldate = {2016-08-24},
  date = {2011-07},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology,High Energy Physics - Theory},
  file = {arXiv\:1103.3705 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/DB9U9TTP/Cicoli et al. - 2011 - Testing String Vacua in the Lab From a Hidden CMB.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/FJIP7IK8/1103.html:text/html}
}

@article{goodsell_naturally_2009,
  title = {Naturally {{Light Hidden Photons}} in {{LARGE Volume String Compactifications}}},
  volume = {2009},
  issn = {1029-8479},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0909.0515},
  doi = {10.1088/1126-6708/2009/11/027},
  abstract = {Extra "hidden" U(1) gauge factors are a generic feature of string theory that is of particular phenomenological interest. They can kinetically mix with the Standard Model photon and are thereby accessible to a wide variety of astrophysical and cosmological observations and laboratory experiments. In this paper we investigate the masses and the kinetic mixing of hidden U(1)s in LARGE volume compactifications of string theory. We find that in these scenarios the hidden photons can be naturally light and that their kinetic mixing with the ordinary electromagnetic photon can be of a size interesting for near future experiments and observations.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-24T02:16:27Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {0909.0515},
  number = {11},
  journaltitle = {Journal of High Energy Physics},
  author = {Goodsell, Mark and Jaeckel, Joerg and Redondo, Javier and Ringwald, Andreas},
  urldate = {2016-08-24},
  date = {2009-11-06},
  pages = {027--027},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology,High Energy Physics - Theory},
  file = {arXiv\:0909.0515 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/N85ZI83C/Goodsell et al. - 2009 - Naturally Light Hidden Photons in LARGE Volume Str.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/PA8PBUTD/0909.html:text/html}
}

@article{Boezio:2001dtm,
      author         = "Boezio, M. and others",
      title          = "{Measurements of cosmic-ray electrons and positrons by
                        the Wizard/CAPRICE collaboration}",
      booktitle      = "{Proceedings, 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly: The Origin
                        and Acceleration of Cosmic Rays: Warsaw, Poland, July
                        16-23, 2000}",
      journal        = "Adv. Space Res.",
      volume         = "27",
      year           = "2001",
      number         = "4",
      pages          = "669-674",
      doi            = "10.1016/S0273-1177(01)00108-9",
      SLACcitation   = "%%CITATION = ASRSD,27,669;%%"
}

@inproceedings{Schael:2007tta,
      author         = "Schael, Stefan",
      title          = "{Cosmic positron spectrum measurement from 1 to 50 GeV
                        with AMS-01}",
      booktitle      = "{Proceedings, 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference
                        (ICRC 2007): Merida, Yucatan, Mexico, July 3-11, 2007}",
      collaboration  = "AMS",
      year           = "2007",
      url            = "http://indico.nucleares.unam.mx/contributionDisplay.py?contribId=943&confId=4",
      volume         = "4",
      pages          = "753-756",
      SLACcitation   = "%%CITATION = INSPIRE-1371441;%%"
}

@article{Abdollahi:2017nat,
      author         = "Abdollahi, S. and others",
      title          = "{Cosmic-ray electron-positron spectrum from 7 GeV to
                        2 TeV with the Fermi Large Area Telescope}",
      collaboration  = "Fermi-LAT",
      journal        = "Phys. Rev.",
      volume         = "D95",
      year           = "2017",
      number         = "8",
      pages          = "082007",
      doi            = "10.1103/PhysRevD.95.082007",
      eprint         = "1704.07195",
      archivePrefix  = "arXiv",
      primaryClass   = "astro-ph.HE",
      SLACcitation   = "%%CITATION = ARXIV:1704.07195;%%"
}

@article{adriani_observation_2009,
  title = {Observation of an Anomalous Positron Abundance in the Cosmic Radiation},
  volume = {458},
  issn = {0028-0836, 1476-4687},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0810.4995},
  doi = {10.1038/nature07942},
  abstract = {Positrons are known to be produced in interactions between cosmic-ray nuclei and interstellar matter ("secondary production"). Positrons may, however, also be created by dark matter particle annihilations in the galactic halo or in the magnetospheres of near-by pulsars. The nature of dark matter is one of the most prominent open questions in science today. An observation of positrons from pulsars would open a new observation window on these sources. Here we present results from the PAMELA satellite experiment on the positron abundance in the cosmic radiation for the energy range 1.5 - 100 GeV. Our high energy data deviate significantly from predictions of secondary production models, and may constitute the first indirect evidence of dark matter particle annihilations, or the first observation of positron production from near-by pulsars. We also present evidence that solar activity significantly affects the abundance of positrons at low energies.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-24T18:38:41Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {0810.4995},
  number = {7238},
  journaltitle = {Nature},
  author = {Adriani, O. and Barbarino, G. C. and Bazilevskaya, G. A. and Bellotti, R. and Boezio, M. and Bogomolov, E. A. and Bonechi, L. and Bongi, M. and Bonvicini, V. and Bottai, S. and Bruno, A. and Cafagna, F. and Campana, D. and Carlson, P. and Casolino, M. and Castellini, G. and De Pascale, M. P. and De Rosa, G. and De Simone, N. and Di Felice, V. and Galper, A. M. and Grishantseva, L. and Hofverberg, P. and Koldashov, S. V. and Krutkov, S. Y. and Kvashnin, A. N. and Leonov, A. and Malvezzi, V. and Marcelli, L. and Menn, W. and Mikhailov, V. V. and Mocchiutti, E. and Orsi, S. and Osteria, G. and Papini, P. and Pearce, M. and Picozza, P. and Ricci, M. and Ricciarini, S. B. and Simon, M. and Sparvoli, R. and Spillantini, P. and Stozhkov, Y. I. and Vacchi, A. and Vannuccini, E. and Vasilyev, G. and Voronov, S. A. and Yurkin, Y. T. and Zampa, G. and Zampa, N. and Zverev, V. G.},
  urldate = {2016-08-24},
  date = {2009-04-02},
  pages = {607--609},
  keywords = {Astrophysics},
  file = {arXiv\:0810.4995 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/4PQCNJKV/Adriani et al. - 2009 - Observation of an anomalous positron abundance in .pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/8Z786IAA/0810.html:text/html}
}

@article{the_fermi_lat_collaboration_measurement_2012,
  title = {Measurement of Separate Cosmic-Ray Electron and Positron Spectra with the {{Fermi Large Area Telescope}}},
  volume = {108},
  issn = {0031-9007, 1079-7114},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1109.0521},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.011103},
  abstract = {We measured separate cosmic-ray electron and positron spectra with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. Because the instrument does not have an onboard magnet, we distinguish the two species by exploiting the Earth's shadow, which is offset in opposite directions for opposite charges due to the Earth's magnetic field. We estimate and subtract the cosmic-ray proton background using two different methods that produce consistent results. We report the electron-only spectrum, the positron-only spectrum, and the positron fraction between 20 GeV and 200 GeV. We confirm that the fraction rises with energy in the 20-100 GeV range. The three new spectral points between 100 and 200 GeV are consistent with a fraction that is continuing to rise with energy.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-24T18:39:34Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1109.0521},
  number = {1},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review Letters},
  author = {The Fermi LAT Collaboration and Ackermann, M. and Ajello, M. and Allafort, A. and Atwood, W. B. and Baldini, L. and Barbiellini, G. and Bastieri, D. and Bechtol, K. and Bellazzini, R. and Berenji, B. and Blandford, R. D. and Bloom, E. D. and Bonamente, E. and Borgland, A. W. and Bouvier, A. and Bregeon, J. and Brigida, M. and Bruel, P. and Buehler, R. and Buson, S. and Caliandro, G. A. and Cameron, R. A. and Caraveo, P. A. and Casandjian, J. M. and Cecchi, C. and Charles, E. and Chekhtman, A. and Cheung, C. C. and Chiang, J. and Ciprini, S. and Claus, R. and Cohen-Tanugi, J. and Conrad, J. and Cutini, S. and de Angelis, A. and de Palma, F. and Dermer, C. D. and Digel, S. W. and e Silva, E. do Couto and Drell, P. S. and Drlica-Wagner, A. and Favuzzi, C. and Fegan, S. J. and Ferrara, E. C. and Focke, W. B. and Fortin, P. and Fukazawa, Y. and Funk, S. and Fusco, P. and Gargano, F. and Gasparrini, D. and Germani, S. and Giglietto, N. and Giommi, P. and Giordano, F. and Giroletti, M. and Glanzman, T. and Godfrey, G. and Grenier, I. A. and Grove, J. E. and Guiriec, S. and Gustafsson, M. and Hadasch, D. and Harding, A. K. and Hayashida, M. and Hughes, R. E. and Jóhannesson, G. and Johnson, A. S. and Kamae, T. and Katagiri, H. and Kataoka, J. and Knödlseder, J. and Kuss, M. and Lande, J. and Latronico, L. and Lemoine-Goumard, M. and Garde, M. Llena and Longo, F. and Loparco, F. and Lovellette, M. N. and Lubrano, P. and Madejski, G. M. and Mazziotta, M. N. and McEnery, J. E. and Michelson, P. F. and Mitthumsiri, W. and Mizuno, T. and Moiseev, A. A. and Monte, C. and Monzani, M. E. and Morselli, A. and Moskalenko, I. V. and Murgia, S. and Nakamori, T. and Nolan, P. L. and Norris, J. P. and Nuss, E. and Ohno, M. and Ohsugi, T. and Okumura, A. and Omodei, N. and Ormes, E. Orlando J. F. and Ozaki, M. and Paneque, D. and Parent, D. and Pesce-Rollins, M. and Pierbattista, M. and Piron, F. and Pivato, G. and Porter, T. A. and Rainò, S. and Rando, R. and Razzano, M. and Razzaque, S. and Reimer, A. and Reimer, O. and Reposeur, T. and Ritz, S. and Romani, R. W. and Roth, M. and Sadrozinski, H. F.-W. and Sbarra, C. and Schalk, T. L. and Sgrò, C. and Siskind, E. J. and Spandre, G. and Spinelli, P. and Strong, A. W. and Takahashi, H. and Takahashi, T. and Tanaka, T. and Thayer, J. G. and Thayer, J. B. and Tibaldo, L. and Tinivella, M. and Torres, D. F. and Tosti, G. and Troja, E. and Uchiyama, Y. and Usher, T. L. and Vandenbroucke, J. and Vasileiou, V. and Vianello, G. and Vitale, V. and Waite, A. P. and Winer, B. L. and Wood, K. S. and Wood, M. and Yang, Z. and Zimmer, S.},
  urldate = {2016-08-24},
  date = {2012-01-05},
  keywords = {Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena},
  options = {useprefix=true},
  file = {arXiv\:1109.0521 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/H7K4CMI7/The Fermi LAT Collaboration et al. - 2012 - Measurement of separate cosmic-ray electron and po.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/7Q8X5R8V/1109.html:text/html}
}

@article{adriani_new_2009,
  title = {A New Measurement of the Antiproton-to-Proton Flux Ratio up to 100 {{GeV}} in the Cosmic Radiation},
  volume = {102},
  issn = {0031-9007, 1079-7114},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0810.4994},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.051101},
  abstract = {A new measurement of the cosmic ray antiproton-to-proton flux ratio between 1 and 100 GeV is presented. The results were obtained with the PAMELA experiment, which was launched into low-earth orbit on-board the Resurs-DK1 satellite on June 15th 2006. During 500 days of data collection a total of about 1000 antiprotons have been identified, including 100 above an energy of 20 GeV. The high-energy results are a ten-fold improvement in statistics with respect to all previously published data. The data follow the trend expected from secondary production calculations and significantly constrain contributions from exotic sources, e.g. dark matter particle annihilations.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-24T18:40:58Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {0810.4994},
  number = {5},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review Letters},
  author = {Adriani, O. and Barbarino, G. C. and Bazilevskaya, G. A. and Bellotti, R. and Boezio, M. and Bogomolov, E. A. and Bonechi, L. and Bongi, M. and Bonvicini, V. and Bottai, S. and Bruno, A. and Cafagna, F. and Campana, D. and Carlson, P. and Casolino, M. and Castellini, G. and De Pascale, M. P. and De Rosa, G. and Fedele, D. and Galper, A. M. and Grishantseva, L. and Hofverberg, P. and Koldashov, S. V. and Krutkov, S. Y. and Kvashnin, A. N. and Leonov, A. and Malvezzi, V. and Marcelli, L. and Menn, W. and Mikhailov, V. V. and Minori, M. and Mocchiutti, E. and Nagni, M. and Orsi, S. and Osteria, G. and Papini, P. and Pearce, M. and Picozza, P. and Ricci, M. and Ricciarini, S. B. and Simon, M. and Sparvoli, R. and Spillantini, P. and Stozhkov, Y. I. and Taddei, E. and Vacchi, A. and Vannuccini, E. and Vasilyev, G. and Voronov, S. A. and Yurkin, Y. T. and Zampa, G. and Zampa, N. and Zverev, V. G.},
  urldate = {2016-08-24},
  date = {2009-02-02},
  keywords = {Astrophysics,High Energy Physics - Experiment},
  file = {arXiv\:0810.4994 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/S8SH23EQ/Adriani et al. - 2009 - A new measurement of the antiproton-to-proton flux.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/7W3VBW3M/0810.html:text/html}
}

@article{ams_collaboration_high_2014,
  title = {High {{Statistics Measurement}} of the {{Positron Fraction}} in {{Primary Cosmic Rays}} of 0.5-500 {{GeV}} with the {{Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer}} on the {{International Space Station}}},
  volume = {113},
  url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.121101},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.121101},
  abstract = {A precision measurement by AMS of the positron fraction in primary cosmic rays in the energy range from 0.5 to 500 GeV based on 10.9 million positron and electron events is presented. This measurement extends the energy range of our previous observation and increases its precision. The new results show, for the first time, that above ∼200 GeV the positron fraction no longer exhibits an increase with energy.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-25T03:04:42Z},
  number = {12},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review Letters},
  shortjournal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  author = {{AMS Collaboration} and Accardo, L. and Aguilar, M. and Aisa, D. and Alpat, B. and Alvino, A. and Ambrosi, G. and Andeen, K. and Arruda, L. and Attig, N. and Azzarello, P. and Bachlechner, A. and Barao, F. and Barrau, A. and Barrin, L. and Bartoloni, A. and Basara, L. and Battarbee, M. and Battiston, R. and Bazo, J. and Becker, U. and Behlmann, M. and Beischer, B. and Berdugo, J. and Bertucci, B. and Bigongiari, G. and Bindi, V. and Bizzaglia, S. and Bizzarri, M. and Boella, G. and de Boer, W. and Bollweg, K. and Bonnivard, V. and Borgia, B. and Borsini, S. and Boschini, M. J. and Bourquin, M. and Burger, J. and Cadoux, F. and Cai, X. D. and Capell, M. and Caroff, S. and Carosi, G. and Casaus, J. and Cascioli, V. and Castellini, G. and Cernuda, I. and Cerreta, D. and Cervelli, F. and Chae, M. J. and Chang, Y. H. and Chen, A. I. and Chen, H. and Cheng, G. M. and Chen, H. S. and Cheng, L. and Chikanian, A. and Chou, H. Y. and Choumilov, E. and Choutko, V. and Chung, C. H. and Cindolo, F. and Clark, C. and Clavero, R. and Coignet, G. and Consolandi, C. and Contin, A. and Corti, C. and Coste, B. and Cui, Z. and Dai, M. and Delgado, C. and Della Torre, S. and Demirköz, M. B. and Derome, L. and Di Falco, S. and Di Masso, L. and Dimiccoli, F. and Díaz, C. and von Doetinchem, P. and Du, W. J. and Duranti, M. and D’Urso, D. and Eline, A. and Eppling, F. J. and Eronen, T. and Fan, Y. Y. and Farnesini, L. and Feng, J. and Fiandrini, E. and Fiasson, A. and Finch, E. and Fisher, P. and Galaktionov, Y. and Gallucci, G. and García, B. and García-López, R. and Gast, H. and Gebauer, I. and Gervasi, M. and Ghelfi, A. and Gillard, W. and Giovacchini, F. and Goglov, P. and Gong, J. and Goy, C. and Grabski, V. and Grandi, D. and Graziani, M. and Guandalini, C. and Guerri, I. and Guo, K. H. and Haas, D. and Habiby, M. and Haino, S. and Han, K. C. and He, Z. H. and Heil, M. and Henning, R. and Hoffman, J. and Hsieh, T. H. and Huang, Z. C. and Huh, C. and Incagli, M. and Ionica, M. and Jang, W. Y. and Jinchi, H. and Kanishev, K. and Kim, G. N. and Kim, K. S. and Kirn, Th. and Kossakowski, R. and Kounina, O. and Kounine, A. and Koutsenko, V. and Krafczyk, M. S. and Kunz, S. and La Vacca, G. and Laudi, E. and Laurenti, G. and Lazzizzera, I. and Lebedev, A. and Lee, H. T. and Lee, S. C. and Leluc, C. and Levi, G. and Li, H. L. and Li, J. Q. and Li, Q. and Li, Q. and Li, T. X. and Li, W. and Li, Y. and Li, Z. H. and Li, Z. Y. and Lim, S. and Lin, C. H. and Lipari, P. and Lippert, T. and Liu, D. and Liu, H. and Lolli, M. and Lomtadze, T. and Lu, M. J. and Lu, Y. S. and Luebelsmeyer, K. and Luo, F. and Luo, J. Z. and Lv, S. S. and Majka, R. and Malinin, A. and Mañá, C. and Marín, J. and Martin, T. and Martínez, G. and Masi, N. and Massera, F. and Maurin, D. and Menchaca-Rocha, A. and Meng, Q. and Mo, D. C. and Monreal, B. and Morescalchi, L. and Mott, P. and Müller, M. and Ni, J. Q. and Nikonov, N. and Nozzoli, F. and Nunes, P. and Obermeier, A. and Oliva, A. and Orcinha, M. and Palmonari, F. and Palomares, C. and Paniccia, M. and Papi, A. and Pauluzzi, M. and Pedreschi, E. and Pensotti, S. and Pereira, R. and Pilastrini, R. and Pilo, F. and Piluso, A. and Pizzolotto, C. and Plyaskin, V. and Pohl, M. and Poireau, V. and Postaci, E. and Putze, A. and Quadrani, L. and Qi, X. M. and Rancoita, P. G. and Rapin, D. and Ricol, J. S. and Rodríguez, I. and Rosier-Lees, S. and Rossi, L. and Rozhkov, A. and Rozza, D. and Rybka, G. and Sagdeev, R. and Sandweiss, J. and Saouter, P. and Sbarra, C. and Schael, S. and Schmidt, S. M. and Schuckardt, D. and Schulz von Dratzig, A. and Schwering, G. and Scolieri, G. and Seo, E. S. and Shan, B. S. and Shan, Y. H. and Shi, J. Y. and Shi, X. Y. and Shi, Y. M. and Siedenburg, T. and Son, D. and Spada, F. and Spinella, F. and Sun, W. and Sun, W. H. and Tacconi, M. and Tang, C. P. and Tang, X. W. and Tang, Z. C. and Tao, L. and Tescaro, D. and Ting, Samuel C. C. and Ting, S. M. and Tomassetti, N. and Torsti, J. and Türkoğlu, C. and Urban, T. and Vagelli, V. and Valente, E. and Vannini, C. and Valtonen, E. and Vaurynovich, S. and Vecchi, M. and Velasco, M. and Vialle, J. P. and Vitale, V. and Volpini, G. and Wang, L. Q. and Wang, Q. L. and Wang, R. S. and Wang, X. and Wang, Z. X. and Weng, Z. L. and Whitman, K. and Wienkenhöver, J. and Wu, H. and Wu, K. Y. and Xia, X. and Xie, M. and Xie, S. and Xiong, R. Q. and Xin, G. M. and Xu, N. S. and Xu, W. and Yan, Q. and Yang, J. and Yang, M. and Ye, Q. H. and Yi, H. and Yu, Y. J. and Yu, Z. Q. and Zeissler, S. and Zhang, J. H. and Zhang, M. T. and Zhang, X. B. and Zhang, Z. and Zheng, Z. M. and Zhou, F. and Zhuang, H. L. and Zhukov, V. and Zichichi, A. and Zimmermann, N. and Zuccon, P. and Zurbach, C.},
  urldate = {2016-08-24},
  date = {2014-09-18},
  pages = {121101},
  options = {useprefix=true},
  file = {Full Text PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/5ENQ825G/AMS Collaboration et al. - 2014 - High Statistics Measurement of the Positron Fracti.pdf:application/pdf;APS Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/XN7T4VH9/PhysRevLett.113.html:text/html}
}

@article{ams_collaboration_first_2013,
  title = {First {{Result}} from the {{Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer}} on the {{International Space Station}}: {{Precision Measurement}} of the {{Positron Fraction}} in {{Primary Cosmic Rays}} of 0.5-350 {{GeV}}},
  volume = {110},
  url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.141102},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.141102},
  shorttitle = {First {{Result}} from the {{Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer}} on the {{International Space Station}}},
  abstract = {A precision measurement by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station of the positron fraction in primary cosmic rays in the energy range from 0.5 to 350 GeV based on 6.8×106 positron and electron events is presented. The very accurate data show that the positron fraction is steadily increasing from 10 to ∼250 GeV, but, from 20 to 250 GeV, the slope decreases by an order of magnitude. The positron fraction spectrum shows no fine structure, and the positron to electron ratio shows no observable anisotropy. Together, these features show the existence of new physical phenomena.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-25T03:03:51Z},
  number = {14},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review Letters},
  shortjournal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  author = {{AMS Collaboration} and Aguilar, M. and Alberti, G. and Alpat, B. and Alvino, A. and Ambrosi, G. and Andeen, K. and Anderhub, H. and Arruda, L. and Azzarello, P. and Bachlechner, A. and Barao, F. and Baret, B. and Barrau, A. and Barrin, L. and Bartoloni, A. and Basara, L. and Basili, A. and Batalha, L. and Bates, J. and Battiston, R. and Bazo, J. and Becker, R. and Becker, U. and Behlmann, M. and Beischer, B. and Berdugo, J. and Berges, P. and Bertucci, B. and Bigongiari, G. and Biland, A. and Bindi, V. and Bizzaglia, S. and Boella, G. and de Boer, W. and Bollweg, K. and Bolmont, J. and Borgia, B. and Borsini, S. and Boschini, M. J. and Boudoul, G. and Bourquin, M. and Brun, P. and Buénerd, M. and Burger, J. and Burger, W. and Cadoux, F. and Cai, X. D. and Capell, M. and Casadei, D. and Casaus, J. and Cascioli, V. and Castellini, G. and Cernuda, I. and Cervelli, F. and Chae, M. J. and Chang, Y. H. and Chen, A. I. and Chen, C. R. and Chen, H. and Cheng, G. M. and Chen, H. S. and Cheng, L. and Chernoplyiokov, N. and Chikanian, A. and Choumilov, E. and Choutko, V. and Chung, C. H. and Clark, C. and Clavero, R. and Coignet, G. and Commichau, V. and Consolandi, C. and Contin, A. and Corti, C. and Costado Dios, M. T. and Coste, B. and Crespo, D. and Cui, Z. and Dai, M. and Delgado, C. and Della Torre, S. and Demirkoz, B. and Dennett, P. and Derome, L. and Di Falco, S. and Diao, X. H. and Diago, A. and Djambazov, L. and Díaz, C. and von Doetinchem, P. and Du, W. J. and Dubois, J. M. and Duperay, R. and Duranti, M. and D’Urso, D. and Egorov, A. and Eline, A. and Eppling, F. J. and Eronen, T. and van Es, J. and Esser, H. and Falvard, A. and Fiandrini, E. and Fiasson, A. and Finch, E. and Fisher, P. and Flood, K. and Foglio, R. and Fohey, M. and Fopp, S. and Fouque, N. and Galaktionov, Y. and Gallilee, M. and Gallin-Martel, L. and Gallucci, G. and García, B. and García, J. and García-López, R. and García-Tabares, L. and Gargiulo, C. and Gast, H. and Gebauer, I. and Gentile, S. and Gervasi, M. and Gillard, W. and Giovacchini, F. and Girard, L. and Goglov, P. and Gong, J. and Goy-Henningsen, C. and Grandi, D. and Graziani, M. and Grechko, A. and Gross, A. and Guerri, I. and de la Guía, C. and Guo, K. H. and Habiby, M. and Haino, S. and Hauler, F. and He, Z. H. and Heil, M. and Heilig, J. and Hermel, R. and Hofer, H. and Huang, Z. C. and Hungerford, W. and Incagli, M. and Ionica, M. and Jacholkowska, A. and Jang, W. Y. and Jinchi, H. and Jongmanns, M. and Journet, L. and Jungermann, L. and Karpinski, W. and Kim, G. N. and Kim, K. S. and Kirn, Th. and Kossakowski, R. and Koulemzine, A. and Kounina, O. and Kounine, A. and Koutsenko, V. and Krafczyk, M. S. and Laudi, E. and Laurenti, G. and Lauritzen, C. and Lebedev, A. and Lee, M. W. and Lee, S. C. and Leluc, C. and León Vargas, H. and Lepareur, V. and Li, J. Q. and Li, Q. and Li, T. X. and Li, W. and Li, Z. H. and Lipari, P. and Lin, C. H. and Liu, D. and Liu, H. and Lomtadze, T. and Lu, Y. S. and Lucidi, S. and Lübelsmeyer, K. and Luo, J. Z. and Lustermann, W. and Lv, S. and Madsen, J. and Majka, R. and Malinin, A. and Mañá, C. and Marín, J. and Martin, T. and Martínez, G. and Masciocchi, F. and Masi, N. and Maurin, D. and McInturff, A. and McIntyre, P. and Menchaca-Rocha, A. and Meng, Q. and Menichelli, M. and Mereu, I. and Millinger, M. and Mo, D. C. and Molina, M. and Mott, P. and Mujunen, A. and Natale, S. and Nemeth, P. and Ni, J. Q. and Nikonov, N. and Nozzoli, F. and Nunes, P. and Obermeier, A. and Oh, S. and Oliva, A. and Palmonari, F. and Palomares, C. and Paniccia, M. and Papi, A. and Park, W. H. and Pauluzzi, M. and Pauss, F. and Pauw, A. and Pedreschi, E. and Pensotti, S. and Pereira, R. and Perrin, E. and Pessina, G. and Pierschel, G. and Pilo, F. and Piluso, A. and Pizzolotto, C. and Plyaskin, V. and Pochon, J. and Pohl, M. and Poireau, V. and Porter, S. and Pouxe, J. and Putze, A. and Quadrani, L. and Qi, X. N. and Rancoita, P. G. and Rapin, D. and Ren, Z. L. and Ricol, J. S. and Riihonen, E. and Rodríguez, I. and Roeser, U. and Rosier-Lees, S. and Rossi, L. and Rozhkov, A. and Rozza, D. and Sabellek, A. and Sagdeev, R. and Sandweiss, J. and Santos, B. and Saouter, P. and Sarchioni, M. and Schael, S. and Schinzel, D. and Schmanau, M. and Schwering, G. and Schulz von Dratzig, A. and Scolieri, G. and Seo, E. S. and Shan, B. S. and Shi, J. Y. and Shi, Y. M. and Siedenburg, T. and Siedling, R. and Son, D. and Spada, F. and Spinella, F. and Steuer, M. and Stiff, K. and Sun, W. and Sun, W. H. and Sun, X. H. and Tacconi, M. and Tang, C. P. and Tang, X. W. and Tang, Z. C. and Tao, L. and Tassan-Viol, J. and Ting, Samuel C. C. and Ting, S. M. and Titus, C. and Tomassetti, N. and Toral, F. and Torsti, J. and Tsai, J. R. and Tutt, J. C. and Ulbricht, J. and Urban, T. and Vagelli, V. and Valente, E. and Vannini, C. and Valtonen, E. and Vargas Trevino, M. and Vaurynovich, S. and Vecchi, M. and Vergain, M. and Verlaat, B. and Vescovi, C. and Vialle, J. P. and Viertel, G. and Volpini, G. and Wang, D. and Wang, N. H. and Wang, Q. L. and Wang, R. S. and Wang, X. and Wang, Z. X. and Wallraff, W. and Weng, Z. L. and Willenbrock, M. and Wlochal, M. and Wu, H. and Wu, K. Y. and Wu, Z. S. and Xiao, W. J. and Xie, S. and Xiong, R. Q. and Xin, G. M. and Xu, N. S. and Xu, W. and Yan, Q. and Yang, J. and Yang, M. and Ye, Q. H. and Yi, H. and Yu, Y. J. and Yu, Z. Q. and Zeissler, S. and Zhang, J. G. and Zhang, Z. and Zhang, M. M. and Zheng, Z. M. and Zhuang, H. L. and Zhukov, V. and Zichichi, A. and Zuccon, P. and Zurbach, C.},
  urldate = {2016-08-24},
  date = {2013-04-03},
  pages = {141102},
  options = {useprefix=true},
  file = {Full Text PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/7FKBF3T2/AMS Collaboration et al. - 2013 - First Result from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer .pdf:application/pdf;APS Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/S6U7FNG9/PhysRevLett.110.html:text/html}
}

@article{davidson_astrophysical_1994,
  title = {Astrophysical Bounds on Millicharged Particles in Models with a Paraphoton},
  volume = {49},
  url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.49.2114},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.49.2114},
  abstract = {The upper bound on the number of relativistic species present at nucleosynthesis has been used to constrain particles with electric charge εe(10−8$<$ε$<$1). We correct the bound previously calculated for millicharged particles that interact with a shadow photon. We also discuss the additional constraints from the properties of red giants and of Supernova 1987A.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-24T20:42:29Z},
  number = {4},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review D},
  shortjournal = {Phys. Rev. D},
  author = {Davidson, Sacha and Peskin, Michael},
  urldate = {2016-08-24},
  date = {1994-02-15},
  pages = {2114--2117},
  file = {PhysRevD.49.pdf:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/SS4BZH4V/PhysRevD.49.pdf:application/pdf;APS Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/72U7HJ46/PhysRevD.49.html:text/html}
}

@article{finkbeiner_consistent_2011,
  title = {Consistent {{Scenarios}} for {{Cosmic}}-{{Ray Excesses}} from {{Sommerfeld}}-{{Enhanced Dark Matter Annihilation}}},
  volume = {2011},
  issn = {1475-7516},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1011.3082},
  doi = {10.1088/1475-7516/2011/05/002},
  abstract = {Anomalies in direct and indirect detection have motivated models of dark matter consisting of a multiplet of nearly-degenerate states, coupled by a new GeV-scale interaction. We perform a careful analysis of the thermal freezeout of dark matter annihilation in such a scenario. We compute the range of "boost factors" arising from Sommerfeld enhancement in the local halo for models which produce the correct relic density, and show the effect of including constraints on the saturated enhancement from the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We find that boost factors from Sommerfeld enhancement of up to \textasciitilde{}800 are possible in the local halo. When the CMB bounds on the saturated enhancement are applied, the maximal boost factor is reduced to \textasciitilde{}400 for 1-2 TeV dark matter and sub-GeV force carriers, but remains large enough to explain the observed Fermi and PAMELA electronic signals. We describe regions in the DM mass-boost factor plane where the cosmic ray data is well fit for a range of final states, and show that Sommerfeld enhancement alone is enough to provide the large annihilation cross sections required to fit the data, although for light mediator masses (less than \textasciitilde{}200 MeV) there is tension with the CMB constraints in the absence of astrophysical boost factors from substructure. Additionally, we consider the circumstances under which WIMPonium formation is relevant and find for heavy WIMPs (greater than \textasciitilde{}2 TeV) and soft-spectrum annihilation channels it can be an important consideration; we find regions with dark matter mass greater than 2.8 TeV that are consistent with the CMB bounds and have \textasciitilde{}600-700 present-day boost factors.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-24T23:01:08Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1011.3082},
  issue = {05},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics},
  author = {Finkbeiner, Douglas P. and Goodenough, Lisa and Slatyer, Tracy R. and Vogelsberger, Mark and Weiner, Neal},
  urldate = {2016-08-24},
  date = {2011-05-03},
  pages = {002--002},
  keywords = {Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:1011.3082 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/JWN4GD6N/Finkbeiner et al. - 2011 - Consistent Scenarios for Cosmic-Ray Excesses from .pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/PEIJA329/1011.html:text/html}
}

@article{cholis_high_2009,
  title = {High {{Energy Positrons From Annihilating Dark Matter}}},
  volume = {80},
  issn = {1550-7998, 1550-2368},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0809.1683},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.80.123511},
  abstract = {Recent preliminary results from the PAMELA experiment indicate the presence of an excess of cosmic ray positrons above 10 GeV. In this letter, we consider possibility that this signal is the result of dark matter annihilations taking place in the halo of the Milky Way. Rather than focusing on a specific particle physics model, we take a phenomenological approach and consider a variety of masses and two-body annihilation modes, including W+W-, ZZ, b bbar, tau+ tau-, mu+ mu-, and e+e. We also consider a range of diffusion parameters consistent with current cosmic ray data. We find that a significant upturn in the positron fraction above 10 GeV is compatible with a wide range of dark matter annihilation modes, although very large annihilation cross sections and/or boost factors arising from inhomogeneities in the local dark matter distribution are required to produce the observed intensity of the signal. We comment on constraints from gamma rays, synchrotron emission, and cosmic ray antiproton measurements.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-24T23:14:32Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {0809.1683},
  number = {12},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review D},
  author = {Cholis, Ilias and Goodenough, Lisa and Hooper, Dan and Simet, Melanie and Weiner, Neal},
  urldate = {2016-08-24},
  date = {2009-12-10},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:0809.1683 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/P3JXN8T3/Cholis et al. - 2009 - High Energy Positrons From Annihilating Dark Matte.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/BMAQ78EA/0809.html:text/html}
}

@article{slatyer_sommerfeld-enhanced_2012,
  title = {Sommerfeld-{{Enhanced Annihilation}} in {{Dark Matter Substructure}}: {{Consequences}} for {{Constraints}} on {{Cosmic}}-{{Ray Excesses}}},
  volume = {86},
  issn = {1550-7998, 1550-2368},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1107.3546},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.86.083534},
  shorttitle = {Sommerfeld-{{Enhanced Annihilation}} in {{Dark Matter Substructure}}},
  abstract = {In models of dark matter (DM) with Sommerfeld-enhanced annihilation, where the annihilation rate scales as the inverse velocity, N-body simulations of DM structure formation suggest that the local annihilation signal may be dominated by small, dense, cold subhalos. This contrasts with the usual assumption of a signal originating from the smooth DM halo, with much higher velocity dispersion. Accounting for local substructure modifies the parameter space for which Sommerfeld-enhanced annihilating DM can explain the PAMELA and Fermi excesses. Limits from the inner galaxy and the cosmic microwave background are weakened, without introducing new tension with substructure-dependent limits, such as from dwarf galaxies or isotropic gamma-ray studies. With substructure, previously excluded parameter regions with mediators of mass \textasciitilde{}1-200 MeV are now easily allowed. For O(MeV) mediators, subhalos in a specific range of host halo masses may be evaporated, further suppressing diffuse signals without affecting substructure in the Milky Way.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-24T23:34:52Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1107.3546},
  number = {8},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review D},
  author = {Slatyer, Tracy R. and Toro, Natalia and Weiner, Neal},
  urldate = {2016-08-24},
  date = {2012-10-22},
  keywords = {Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:1107.3546 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/7ZVZQGBW/Slatyer et al. - 2012 - Sommerfeld-Enhanced Annihilation in Dark Matter Su.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/F7XI7Z56/1107.html:text/html}
}

@article{madhavacheril_current_2014,
  title = {Current {{Dark Matter Annihilation Constraints}} from {{CMB}} and {{Low}}-{{Redshift Data}}},
  volume = {89},
  issn = {1550-7998, 1550-2368},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1310.3815},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.89.103508},
  abstract = {Updated constraints on dark matter cross section and mass are presented combining CMB power spectrum measurements from Planck, WMAP9, ACT, and SPT as well as several low-redshift datasets (BAO, HST, supernovae). For the CMB datasets, we combine WMAP9 temperature and polarization data for l $<$= 431 with Planck temperature data for 432 $<$ l $<$ 2500, ACT and SPT data for l $>$ 2500, and Planck CMB four-point lensing measurements. We allow for redshift-dependent energy deposition from dark matter annihilation by using a `universal' energy absorption curve. We also include an updated treatment of the excitation, heating, and ionization energy fractions, and provide updated deposition efficiency factors (f\_eff) for 41 different dark matter models. Assuming perfect energy deposition (f\_eff = 1) and a thermal cross section, dark matter masses below 26 GeV are excluded at the 2-sigma level. Assuming a more generic efficiency of f\_eff = 0.2, thermal dark matter masses below 5 GeV are disfavored at the 2-sigma level. These limits are a factor of \textasciitilde{}2 improvement over those from WMAP9 data alone. These current constraints probe, but do not exclude, dark matter as an explanation for reported anomalous indirect detection observations from AMS-02/PAMELA and the Fermi Gamma-ray Inner Galaxy data. They also probe relevant models that would explain anomalous direct detection events from CDMS, CRESST, CoGeNT, and DAMA, as originating from a generic thermal WIMP. Projected constraints from the full Planck release should improve the current limits by another factor of \textasciitilde{}2, but will not definitely probe these signals. The proposed CMB Stage IV experiment will more decisively explore the relevant regions and improve upon the Planck constraints by another factor of \textasciitilde{}2.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-24T23:43:06Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1310.3815},
  number = {10},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review D},
  author = {Madhavacheril, Mathew S. and Sehgal, Neelima and Slatyer, Tracy R.},
  urldate = {2016-08-24},
  date = {2014-05-07},
  keywords = {Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:1310.3815 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/TKHM3TUH/Madhavacheril et al. - 2014 - Current Dark Matter Annihilation Constraints from .pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/WU2SB2KF/1310.html:text/html}
}

@article{cholis_dark_2013,
  title = {Dark {{Matter}} and {{Pulsar Origins}} of the {{Rising Cosmic Ray Positron Fraction}} in {{Light}} of {{New Data From AMS}}},
  volume = {88},
  issn = {1550-7998, 1550-2368},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1304.1840},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.88.023013},
  abstract = {The rise of the cosmic ray positron fraction with energy, as first observed with high confidence by PAMELA, implies that a large flux of high energy positrons has been recently (or is being currently) injected into the local volume of the Milky Way. With the new and much more precise measurement of the positron fraction recently provided by AMS, we revisit the question of the origin of these high energy positrons. We find that while some dark matter models (annihilating directly to electrons or muons) no longer appear to be capable of accommodating these data, other models in which \textasciitilde{}1-3 TeV dark matter particles annihilate to unstable intermediate states could still be responsible for the observed signal. Nearby pulsars also remain capable of explaining the observed positron fraction. Future measurements of the positron fraction by AMS (using a larger data set), combined with their anticipated measurements of various cosmic ray secondary-to-primary ratios, may enable us to further discriminate between these remaining scenarios.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-25T01:06:09Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1304.1840},
  number = {2},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review D},
  author = {Cholis, Ilias and Hooper, Dan},
  urldate = {2016-08-25},
  date = {2013-07-29},
  keywords = {Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:1304.1840 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/GAP77G6I/Cholis and Hooper - 2013 - Dark Matter and Pulsar Origins of the Rising Cosmi.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/5DJTPMDA/1304.html:text/html}
}

@article{hooper_dark_2011,
  title = {Dark {{Matter Annihilation}} in {{The Galactic Center As Seen}} by the {{Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope}}},
  volume = {697},
  issn = {03702693},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1010.2752},
  doi = {10.1016/j.physletb.2011.02.029},
  abstract = {We analyze the first two years of data from the Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope from the direction of the inner 10 degrees around the Galactic Center with the intention of constraining, or finding evidence of, annihilating dark matter. We find that the morphology and spectrum of the emission between 1.25 degrees and 10 degrees from the Galactic Center is well described by a the processes of decaying pions produced in cosmic ray collisions with gas, and the inverse Compton scattering of cosmic ray electrons in both the disk and bulge of the Inner Galaxy, along with gamma rays from known points sources in the region. The observed spectrum and morphology of the emission within approximately 1.25 degrees (\textasciitilde{}175 parsecs) of the Galactic Center, in contrast, departs from the expectations for by these processes. Instead, we find an additional component of gamma ray emission that is highly concentrated around the Galactic Center. The observed morphology of this component is consistent with that predicted from annihilating dark matter with a cusped (and possibly adiabatically contracted) halo distribution (density proportional to r\^\{-gamma\}, with gamma=1.18 to 1.33). The observed spectrum of this component, which peaks at energies between 1-4 GeV (in E\^2 units), can be well fit by a 7-10 GeV dark matter particle annihilating primarily to tau leptons with a cross section in the range of 4.6 x 10\^-27 to 5.3 x 10\^-26 cm\^3/s, depending on how the dark matter distribution is normalized. We also discuss other sources for this emission, including the possibility that much of it originates from the Milky Way's supermassive black hole.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-25T02:11:52Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1010.2752},
  number = {5},
  journaltitle = {Physics Letters B},
  author = {Hooper, Dan and Goodenough, Lisa},
  urldate = {2016-08-25},
  date = {2011-03},
  pages = {412--428},
  keywords = {Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:1010.2752 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/TCNVZTIT/Hooper and Goodenough - 2011 - Dark Matter Annihilation in The Galactic Center As.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/EXQV4QU4/1010.html:text/html}
}

@article{finkbeiner_x-ray_2014,
  title = {An {{X}}-{{Ray Line}} from {{eXciting Dark Matter}}},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1402.6671},
  timestamp = {2016-08-25T03:08:02Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1402.6671},
  primaryClass = {astro-ph, physics:hep-ph},
  author = {Finkbeiner, Douglas P. and Weiner, Neal},
  urldate = {2016-08-25},
  date = {2014-02-26},
  keywords = {Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:1402.6671 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/N6BX4V4N/Finkbeiner and Weiner - 2014 - An X-Ray Line from eXciting Dark Matter.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/DMJ4CVEX/1402.html:text/html}
}

@article{boyarsky_unidentified_2014,
  title = {An Unidentified Line in {{X}}-Ray Spectra of the {{Andromeda}} Galaxy and {{Perseus}} Galaxy Cluster},
  volume = {113},
  issn = {0031-9007, 1079-7114},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1402.4119},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.251301},
  abstract = {We report a weak line at 3.52+/-0.02 keV in X-ray spectra of M31 galaxy and the Perseus galaxy cluster observed by MOS and PN cameras of XMM-Newton telescope. This line is not known as an atomic line in the spectra of galaxies or clusters. It becomes stronger towards the centers of the objects; is stronger for Perseus than for M31; is absent in the spectrum of a deep "blank sky'' dataset. Although for each object it is hard to exclude that the feature is due to an instrumental effect or an atomic line, it is consistent with the behavior of a dark matter decay line. Future (non-)detections of this line in multiple objects may help to reveal its nature.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-25T02:16:23Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1402.4119},
  number = {25},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review Letters},
  author = {Boyarsky, Alexey and Ruchayskiy, Oleg and Iakubovskyi, Dmytro and Franse, Jeroen},
  urldate = {2016-08-25},
  date = {2014-12-15},
  keywords = {Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:1402.4119 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/P94VNXIN/Boyarsky et al. - 2014 - An unidentified line in X-ray spectra of the Andro.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/JHX6USWK/1402.html:text/html}
}

@article{bulbul_detection_2014,
  title = {Detection of {{An Unidentified Emission Line}} in the {{Stacked X}}-Ray Spectrum of {{Galaxy Clusters}}},
  volume = {789},
  issn = {0004-637X, 1538-4357},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1402.2301},
  doi = {10.1088/0004-637X/789/1/13},
  abstract = {We detect a weak unidentified emission line at E=(3.55-3.57)+/-0.03 keV in a stacked XMM spectrum of 73 galaxy clusters spanning a redshift range 0.01-0.35. MOS and PN observations independently show the presence of the line at consistent energies. When the full sample is divided into three subsamples (Perseus, Centaurus+Ophiuchus+Coma, and all others), the line is significantly detected in all three independent MOS spectra and the PN "all others" spectrum. It is also detected in the Chandra spectra of Perseus with the flux consistent with XMM (though it is not seen in Virgo). However, it is very weak and located within 50-110eV of several known faint lines, and so is subject to significant modeling uncertainties. On the origin of this line, we argue that there should be no atomic transitions in thermal plasma at this energy. An intriguing possibility is the decay of sterile neutrino, a long-sought dark matter particle candidate. Assuming that all dark matter is in sterile neutrinos with m\_s=2E=7.1 keV, our detection in the full sample corresponds to a neutrino decay mixing angle sin\^2(2theta)=7e-11, below the previous upper limits. However, based on the cluster masses and distances, the line in Perseus is much brighter than expected in this model. This appears to be because of an anomalously bright line at E=3.62 keV in Perseus, possibly an Ar XVII dielectronic recombination line, although its flux would be 30 times the expected value and physically difficult to understand. In principle, such an anomaly might explain our line detection in other subsamples as well, though it would stretch the line energy uncertainties. Another alternative is the above anomaly in the Ar line combined with the nearby 3.51 keV K line also exceeding expectation by factor 10-20. Confirmation with Chandra and Suzaku, and eventually Astro-H, are required to determine the nature of this new line.(ABRIDGED)},
  timestamp = {2016-08-25T02:16:26Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1402.2301},
  number = {1},
  journaltitle = {The Astrophysical Journal},
  author = {Bulbul, Esra and Markevitch, Maxim and Foster, Adam and Smith, Randall K. and Loewenstein, Michael and Randall, Scott W.},
  urldate = {2016-08-25},
  date = {2014-07-01},
  pages = {13},
  keywords = {Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena},
  file = {arXiv\:1402.2301 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/2ANZ8ASS/Bulbul et al. - 2014 - Detection of An Unidentified Emission Line in the .pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/G3H9EKH3/1402.html:text/html}
}

@article{vogelsberger_subhaloes_2012,
  title = {Subhaloes in {{Self}}-{{Interacting Galactic Dark Matter Haloes}}},
  volume = {423},
  issn = {00358711},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1201.5892},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21182.x},
  abstract = {We present N-body simulations of a new class of self-interacting dark matter models, which do not violate any astrophysical constraints due to a non-power-law velocity dependence of the transfer cross section which is motivated by a Yukawa-like new gauge boson interaction. Specifically, we focus on the formation of a Milky Way-like dark matter halo taken from the Aquarius project and re-simulate it for a couple of representative cases in the allowed parameter space of this new model. We find that for these cases, the main halo only develops a small core (\textasciitilde{}1 kpc) followed by a density profile identical to that of the standard cold dark matter scenario outside of that radius. Neither the subhalo mass function nor the radial number density of subhaloes are altered in these models but there is a significant change in the inner density structure of subhaloes resulting in the formation of a large density core. As a consequence, the inner circular velocity profiles of the most massive subhaloes differ significantly from the cold dark matter predictions and we demonstrate that they are compatible with the observational data of the brightest Milky Way dSphs in such a velocity-dependent self-interacting dark matter scenario. Specifically, and contrary to the cold dark matter case, there are no subhaloes that are more concentrated than what is inferred from the kinematics of the Milky Way dSphs. We conclude that these models offer an interesting alternative to the cold dark matter model that can reduce the recently reported tension between the brightest Milky Way satellites and the dense subhaloes found in cold dark matter simulations.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-25T23:04:14Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1201.5892},
  number = {4},
  journaltitle = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
  author = {Vogelsberger, Mark and Zavala, Jesus and Loeb, Abraham},
  urldate = {2016-08-25},
  date = {2012-07-11},
  pages = {3740--3752},
  keywords = {Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics},
  file = {arXiv\:1201.5892 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/MNJCJW38/Vogelsberger et al. - 2012 - Subhaloes in Self-Interacting Galactic Dark Matter.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/6S5GIGKR/1201.html:text/html}
}

@article{boylan-kolchin_too_2011,
  title = {Too Big to Fail? {{The}} Puzzling Darkness of Massive {{Milky Way}} Subhaloes},
  volume = {415},
  issn = {17453925},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1103.0007},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1745-3933.2011.01074.x},
  shorttitle = {Too Big to Fail?},
  abstract = {We show that dissipationless LCDM simulations predict that the majority of the most massive subhaloes of the Milky Way are too dense to host any of its bright satellites (L\_V $>$ 10\^5 L\_sun). These dark subhaloes have circular velocities at infall of 30-70 km/s and infall masses of [0.2-4] x 10\^10 M\_sun. Unless the Milky Way is a statistical anomaly, this implies that galaxy formation becomes effectively stochastic at these masses. This is in marked contrast to the well-established monotonic relation between galaxy luminosity and halo circular velocity (or halo mass) for more massive haloes. We show that at least two (and typically four) of these massive dark subhaloes are expected to produce a larger dark matter annihilation flux than Draco. It may be possible to circumvent these conclusions if baryonic feedback in dwarf satellites or different dark matter physics can reduce the central densities of massive subhaloes by order unity on a scale of 0.3 - 1 kpc.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-25T23:04:22Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1103.0007},
  number = {1},
  journaltitle = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters},
  author = {Boylan-Kolchin, Michael and Bullock, James S. and Kaplinghat, Manoj},
  urldate = {2016-08-25},
  date = {2011-07-21},
  pages = {L40--L44},
  keywords = {Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics},
  file = {arXiv\:1103.0007 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/AV5PQEFN/Boylan-Kolchin et al. - 2011 - Too big to fail The puzzling darkness of massive .pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/D457WWPI/1103.html:text/html}
}

@article{tyson_detailed_1998,
  title = {Detailed {{Mass Map}} of {{CL}} 0024+1654 from {{Strong Lensing}}},
  volume = {498},
  issn = {1538-4357},
  url = {http://stacks.iop.org/1538-4357/498/i=2/a=L107},
  doi = {10.1086/311314},
  abstract = {We construct a high-resolution mass map of the z =0.39 cluster 0024+1654, based on a parametric inversion of the associated gravitational lens. The lens creates eight well-resolved subimages of a background galaxy, seen in deep imaging with the Hubble Space Telescope . Excluding mass concentrations centered on visible galaxies, more than 98\% of the remaining mass is represented by a smooth concentration of dark matter centered near the brightest cluster galaxies, with a 35 h -1 kpc soft core. The asymmetry in the mass distribution is less than 3\% inside 107 h -1 kpc radius. The dark matter distribution we observe in CL 0024 is far more smooth, symmetric, and nonsingular than in typical simulated clusters in either Ω=1 or Ω=0.3 cold dark matter cosmologies. Integrated to a 107 h -1 kpc radius, the rest-frame mass-to-light ratio is M / L V =276±40 h (M/L V ) ☉ .},
  timestamp = {2016-08-25T23:11:15Z},
  langid = {english},
  number = {2},
  journaltitle = {The Astrophysical Journal Letters},
  shortjournal = {ApJ},
  author = {Tyson, J. Anthony and Kochanski, Greg P. and Dell'Antonio, Ian P.},
  urldate = {2016-08-25},
  date = {1998},
  pages = {L107},
  file = {IOP Full Text PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/GBSGJWCW/Tyson et al. - 1998 - Detailed Mass Map of CL 0024+1654 from Strong Lens.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{governato_cuspy_2012,
  title = {Cuspy {{No More}}: {{How Outflows Affect}} the {{Central Dark Matter}} and {{Baryon Distribution}} in {{Lambda CDM Galaxies}}},
  volume = {422},
  issn = {00358711},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1202.0554},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20696.x},
  shorttitle = {Cuspy {{No More}}},
  timestamp = {2016-08-26T01:49:02Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1202.0554},
  number = {2},
  journaltitle = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
  author = {Governato, F. and Zolotov, A. and Pontzen, A. and Christensen, C. and Oh, S. H. and Brooks, A. M. and Quinn, T. and Shen, S. and Wadsley, J.},
  urldate = {2016-08-25},
  date = {2012-05-11},
  pages = {1231--1240},
  keywords = {Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics},
  file = {arXiv\:1202.0554 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/7B9WJVPP/Governato et al. - 2012 - Cuspy No More How Outflows Affect the Central Dar.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/CEJ8JUAD/1202.html:text/html}
}

@article{oman_unexpected_2015,
  title = {The Unexpected Diversity of Dwarf Galaxy Rotation Curves},
  volume = {452},
  issn = {0035-8711, 1365-2966},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1504.01437},
  doi = {10.1093/mnras/stv1504},
  timestamp = {2016-08-26T01:47:59Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1504.01437},
  number = {4},
  journaltitle = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
  author = {Oman, Kyle A. and Navarro, Julio F. and Fattahi, Azadeh and Frenk, Carlos S. and Sawala, Till and White, Simon D. M. and Bower, Richard and Crain, Robert A. and Furlong, Michelle and Schaller, Matthieu and Schaye, Joop and Theuns, Tom},
  urldate = {2016-08-25},
  date = {2015-10-01},
  pages = {3650--3665},
  keywords = {Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics},
  file = {arXiv\:1504.01437 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/KC6Q3C3C/Oman et al. - 2015 - The unexpected diversity of dwarf galaxy rotation .pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/C2WW3X9F/1504.html:text/html}
}

@article{tulin_beyond_2013,
  title = {Beyond {{Collisionless Dark Matter}}: {{Particle Physics Dynamics}} for {{Dark Matter Halo Structure}}},
  volume = {87},
  issn = {1550-7998, 1550-2368},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1302.3898},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.87.115007},
  shorttitle = {Beyond {{Collisionless Dark Matter}}},
  abstract = {Dark matter (DM) self-interactions have important implications for the formation and evolution of structure, from dwarf galaxies to clusters of galaxies. We study the dynamics of self-interacting DM via a light mediator, focusing on the quantum resonant regime where the scattering cross section has a non-trivial velocity dependence. While there are long-standing indications that observations of small scale structure in the Universe are not in accord with the predictions of collisionless DM, theoretical study and simulations of DM self-interactions have focused on parameter regimes with simple analytic solutions for the scattering cross section, with constant or classical velocity (and no angular) dependence. We devise a method that allows us to explore the velocity and angular dependence of self-scattering more broadly, in the strongly-coupled resonant and classical regimes where many partial modes are necessary for the achieving the result. We map out the entire parameter space of DM self-interactions --- and implications for structure observations --- as a function of the coupling and the DM and mediator masses. We derive a new analytic formula for describing resonant s-wave scattering. Finally, we show that DM self-interactions can be correlated with observations of Sommerfeld enhancements in DM annihilation through indirect detection experiments.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-25T23:28:59Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1302.3898},
  number = {11},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review D},
  author = {Tulin, Sean and Yu, Hai-Bo and Zurek, Kathryn M.},
  urldate = {2016-08-25},
  date = {2013-06-07},
  keywords = {Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:1302.3898 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/5PPPUC2U/Tulin et al. - 2013 - Beyond Collisionless Dark Matter Particle Physics.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/KGRK53UQ/1302.html:text/html}
}

@article{weinberg_cold_2013,
  title = {Cold Dark Matter: Controversies on Small Scales},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1306.0913},
  shorttitle = {Cold Dark Matter},
  abstract = {The cold dark matter (CDM) cosmological model has been remarkably successful in explaining cosmic structure over an enormous span of redshift, but it has faced persistent challenges from observations that probe the innermost regions of dark matter halos and the properties of the Milky Way's dwarf galaxy satellites. We review the current observational and theoretical status of these "small scale controversies." Cosmological simulations that incorporate only gravity and collisionless CDM predict halos with abundant substructure and central densities that are too high to match constraints from galaxy dynamics. The solution could lie in baryonic physics: recent numerical simulations and analytic models suggest that gravitational potential fluctuations tied to efficient supernova feedback can flatten the central cusps of halos in massive galaxies, and a combination of feedback and low star-formation efficiency could explain why most of the dark matter subhalos orbiting the Milky Way do not host visible galaxies. However, it is not clear that this solution can work in the lowest mass galaxies where discrepancies are observed. Alternatively, the small-scale conflicts could be evidence of more complex physics in the dark sector itself. For example, elastic scattering from strong dark matter self-interactions can alter predicted halo mass profiles, leading to good agreement with observations across a wide range of galaxy mass. Gravitational lensing and dynamical perturbations of tidal streams in the stellar halo provide evidence for an abundant population of low mass subhalos in accord with CDM predictions. These observational approaches will get more powerful over the next few years.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-25T23:36:07Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1306.0913},
  primaryClass = {astro-ph},
  author = {Weinberg, David H. and Bullock, James S. and Governato, Fabio and de Naray, Rachel Kuzio and Peter, Annika H. G.},
  urldate = {2016-08-25},
  date = {2013-06-04},
  keywords = {Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics},
  options = {useprefix=true},
  file = {arXiv\:1306.0913 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/VQGXTRQB/Weinberg et al. - 2013 - Cold dark matter controversies on small scales.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/M7SKETG4/1306.html:text/html}
}

@article{spergel_observational_2000,
  title = {Observational Evidence for Self-Interacting Cold Dark Matter},
  volume = {84},
  issn = {0031-9007, 1079-7114},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9909386},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.3760},
  abstract = {Cosmological models with cold dark matter composed of weakly interacting particles predict overly dense cores in the centers of galaxies and clusters and an overly large number of halos within the Local Group compared to actual observations. We propose that the conflict can be resolved if the cold dark matter particles are self-interacting with a large scattering cross-section but negligible annihilation or dissipation. In this scenario, astronomical observations may enable us to study dark matter properties that are inaccessible in the laboratory},
  timestamp = {2016-08-26T01:25:31Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {astro-ph/9909386},
  number = {17},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review Letters},
  author = {Spergel, David N. and Steinhardt, Paul J.},
  urldate = {2016-08-26},
  date = {2000-04-24},
  pages = {3760--3763},
  keywords = {Astrophysics,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:astro-ph/9909386 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/QDWE6CVR/Spergel and Steinhardt - 2000 - Observational evidence for self-interacting cold d.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/JH679JSH/9909386.html:text/html}
}

@article{de_naray_baryons_2011,
  title = {Do {{Baryons Alter}} the {{Halos}} of {{Low Surface Brightness Galaxies}}?},
  volume = {741},
  issn = {2041-8205, 2041-8213},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1109.1288},
  doi = {10.1088/2041-8205/741/2/L29},
  abstract = {High-quality observations of dark matter-dominated low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies indicate that, in contrast to the triaxial, centrally-concentrated cuspy halos formed in collisionless simulations of halo assembly, these galaxies reside in round, roughly constant density cored halos. In order to reconcile these data with galaxy formation in the context of LCDM, processes that alter the shape and density structure of the inner halo are required. We compile observational properties of LSB galaxies to evaluate the plausibility that a previously higher baryonic mass content and feedback from star formation can modify the dark matter halos of these galaxies. We also compare the properties of bulgeless disk galaxies formed in recent simulations to the LSB galaxy sample. We find that observational constraints on LSB galaxy star formation histories, structure, and kinematics make it difficult for baryonic physics to sphericalize and decrease the central density of the dark matter halos of LSB galaxies.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-26T01:42:45Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1109.1288},
  number = {2},
  journaltitle = {The Astrophysical Journal},
  author = {de Naray, Rachel Kuzio and Spekkens, Kristine},
  urldate = {2016-08-26},
  date = {2011-11-10},
  pages = {L29},
  keywords = {Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics},
  options = {useprefix=true},
  file = {arXiv\:1109.1288 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/6N45KCTN/de Naray and Spekkens - 2011 - Do Baryons Alter the Halos of Low Surface Brightne.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/X3AFVPZS/1109.html:text/html}
}

@article{endo_constraints_2012,
  title = {Constraints on {{Hidden Photon Models}} from {{Electron}} G-2 and {{Hydrogen Spectroscopy}}},
  volume = {86},
  issn = {1550-7998, 1550-2368},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1209.2558},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.86.095029},
  abstract = {The hidden photon model is one of the simplest models which can explain the anomaly of the muon anomalous magnetic moment (g-2). The experimental constraints are studied in detail, which come from the electron g-2 and the hydrogen transition frequencies. The input parameters are set carefully in order to take dark photon contributions into account and to prevent the analysis from being self-inconsistent. It is shown that the new analysis provides a constraint severer by more than one order of magnitude than the previous result.},
  timestamp = {2016-08-26T01:53:53Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1209.2558},
  number = {9},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review D},
  author = {Endo, Motoi and Hamaguchi, Koichi and Mishima, Go},
  urldate = {2016-08-26},
  date = {2012-11-27},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:1209.2558 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/C35EJMPE/Endo et al. - 2012 - Constraints on Hidden Photon Models from Electron .pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/SEQU2M33/1209.html:text/html}
}

@article{muon_final_2006,
  title = {Final {{Report}} of the {{Muon E821 Anomalous Magnetic Moment Measurement}} at {{BNL}}},
  volume = {73},
  issn = {1550-7998, 1550-2368},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ex/0602035},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.73.072003},
  timestamp = {2016-08-27T02:09:03Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {hep-ex/0602035},
  number = {7},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review D},
  author = {Muon and Collaboration and Bennett, G. W.},
  urldate = {2016-08-26},
  date = {2006-04-07},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment},
  file = {arXiv\:hep-ex/0602035 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/NE53EEPB/Muon et al. - 2006 - Final Report of the Muon E821 Anomalous Magnetic M.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/H7MEMRZE/0602035.html:text/html}
}

@article{blum_muon_2013,
  title = {The {{Muon}} (G-2) {{Theory Value}}: {{Present}} and {{Future}}},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1311.2198},
  shorttitle = {The {{Muon}} (G-2) {{Theory Value}}},
  timestamp = {2016-08-26T20:44:37Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1311.2198},
  primaryClass = {hep-ex, physics:hep-lat, physics:hep-ph},
  author = {Blum, Thomas and Denig, Achim and Logashenko, Ivan and de Rafael, Eduardo and Roberts, B. Lee and Teubner, Thomas and Venanzoni, Graziano},
  urldate = {2016-08-26},
  date = {2013-11-09},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,High Energy Physics - Lattice,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  options = {useprefix=true},
  file = {arXiv\:1311.2198 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/SAFHUHI7/Blum et al. - 2013 - The Muon (g-2) Theory Value Present and Future.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/2BPG5IIZ/1311.html:text/html}
}

@article{deBlok_2009sp,
      author         = "de Blok, W. J. G.",
      title          = "{The Core-Cusp Problem}",
      journal        = "Adv. Astron.",
      volume         = "2010",
      year           = "2010",
      pages          = "789293",
      doi            = "10.1155/2010/789293",
      eprint         = "0910.3538",
      archivePrefix  = "arXiv",
      primaryClass   = "astro-ph.CO",
      SLACcitation   = "%%CITATION = ARXIV:0910.3538;%%"
}

@article{liu_signals_2015,
  title = {Signals of a {{Light Dark Force}} in the {{Galactic Center}}},
  volume = {2015},
  issn = {1029-8479},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1412.1485},
  doi = {10.1007/JHEP08(2015)050},
  timestamp = {2016-08-27T02:08:48Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1412.1485},
  number = {8},
  journaltitle = {Journal of High Energy Physics},
  author = {Liu, Jia and Weiner, Neal and Xue, Wei},
  urldate = {2016-08-26},
  date = {2015-08},
  keywords = {Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:1412.1485 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/U34BXRV5/Liu et al. - 2015 - Signals of a Light Dark Force in the Galactic Cent.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/WVPK464B/1412.html:text/html}
}

@article{konaka_search_1986,
  title = {Search for {{Neutral Particles}} in {{Electron}}-{{Beam}}-{{Dump Experiment}}},
  volume = {57},
  url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.57.659},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.57.659},
  timestamp = {2016-08-27T02:08:45Z},
  number = {6},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review Letters},
  shortjournal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  author = {Konaka, A. and Imai, K. and Kobayashi, H. and Masaike, A. and Miyake, K. and Nakamura, T. and Nagamine, N. and Sasao, N. and Enomoto, A. and Fukushima, Y. and Kikutani, E. and Koiso, H. and Matsumoto, H. and Nakahara, K. and Ohsawa, S. and Taniguchi, T. and Sato, I. and Urakawa, J.},
  urldate = {2016-08-27},
  date = {1986-08-11},
  pages = {659--662},
  file = {APS Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/4G7MSDSQ/PhysRevLett.57.html:text/html}
}

@article{davier_unambiguous_1989,
  title = {An Unambiguous Search for a Light {{Higgs}} Boson},
  volume = {229},
  issn = {0370-2693},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0370269389901743},
  doi = {10.1016/0370-2693(89)90174-3},
  timestamp = {2016-08-27T02:08:41Z},
  number = {1},
  journaltitle = {Physics Letters B},
  shortjournal = {Physics Letters B},
  author = {Davier, M. and Nguyen Ngoc, H.},
  urldate = {2016-08-27},
  date = {1989-10-05},
  pages = {150--155},
  file = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/JEKZPGKH/0370269389901743.html:text/html}
}

@article{blumlein_new_2014,
  title = {New {{Exclusion Limits}} on {{Dark Gauge Forces}} from {{Proton Bremsstrahlung}} in {{Beam}}-{{Dump Data}}},
  volume = {731},
  issn = {03702693},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1311.3870},
  doi = {10.1016/j.physletb.2014.02.029},
  timestamp = {2016-08-27T02:08:37Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1311.3870},
  journaltitle = {Physics Letters B},
  author = {Blümlein, J. and Brunner, J.},
  urldate = {2016-08-27},
  date = {2014-04},
  pages = {320--326},
  keywords = {Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena,High Energy Physics - Experiment,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:1311.3870 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/265GDTBC/Blümlein and Brunner - 2014 - New Exclusion Limits on Dark Gauge Forces from Pro.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/SXQQEM5X/1311.html:text/html}
}

@article{gardner_new_2016,
  title = {New {{Prospects}} in {{Fixed Target Searches}} for {{Dark Forces}} with the {{SeaQuest Experiment}} at {{Fermilab}}},
  volume = {93},
  issn = {2470-0010, 2470-0029},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1509.00050},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.93.115015},
  timestamp = {2016-08-29T23:46:44Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1509.00050},
  number = {11},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review D},
  author = {Gardner, S. and Holt, R. J. and Tadepalli, A. S.},
  urldate = {2016-08-27},
  date = {2016-06-10},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:1509.00050 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/NHG6Q88I/Gardner et al. - 2016 - New Prospects in Fixed Target Searches for Dark Fo.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/3HCC6CVB/1509.html:text/html}
}

@article{ship_collaboration_facility_2015,
  title = {A Facility to {{Search}} for {{Hidden Particles}} ({{SHiP}}) at the {{CERN SPS}}},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1504.04956},
  timestamp = {2016-08-29T23:46:41Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1504.04956},
  primaryClass = {hep-ex, physics:physics},
  author = {SHiP Collaboration and Anelli, M. and Aoki, S. and Arduini, G. and Back, J. J. and Bagulya, A. and Baldini, W. and Baranov, A. and Barker, G. J. and Barsuk, S. and Battistin, M. and Bauche, J. and Bay, A. and Bayliss, V. and Bellagamba, L. and Bencivenni, G. and Bertani, M. and Bezshyyko, O. and Bick, D. and Bingefors, N. and Blondel, A. and Bogomilov, M. and Boyarsky, A. and Bonacorsi, D. and Bondarenko, D. and Bonivento, W. and Borburgh, J. and Bradshaw, T. and Brenner, R. and Breton, D. and Brook, N. and Bruschi, M. and Buonaura, A. and Buontempo, S. and Cadeddu, S. and Calcaterra, A. and Calviani, M. and Campanelli, M. and Capoccia, C. and Cecchetti, A. and Chatterjee, A. and Chauveau, J. and Chepurnov, A. and Chernyavskiy, M. and Ciambrone, P. and Cicalo, C. and Conti, G. and Cornelis, K. and Courthold, M. and Dallavalle, M. G. and D'Ambrosio, N. and De Lellis, G. and De Serio, M. and Dedenko, L. and Di Crescenzo, A. and Di Marco, N. and Dib, C. and Dietrich, J. and Dijkstra, H. and Domenici, D. and Donskov, S. and Druzhkin, D. and Ebert, J. and Egede, U. and Egorov, A. and Egorychev, V. and Alaoui, M. A. El and Enik, T. and Etenko, A. and Fabbri, F. and Fabbri, L. and Fedorova, G. and Felici, G. and Ferro-Luzzi, M. and Fini, R. A. and Franke, M. and Fraser, M. and Galati, G. and Giacobbe, B. and Goddard, B. and Golinka-Bezshyyko, L. and Golubkov, D. and Golutvin, A. and Gorbunov, D. and Graverini, E. and Grenard, J.-L. and Guler, A. M. and Hagner, C. and Hakobyan, H. and Helo, J. C. and van Herwijnen, E. and Horvath, D. and Iacovacci, M. and Iaselli, G. and Jacobsson, R. and Kadenko, I. and Kamiscioglu, M. and Kamiscioglu, C. and Khaustov, G. and Khotjansev, A. and Kilminster, B. and Kim, V. and Kitagawa, N. and Kodama, K. and Kolesnikov, A. and Kolev, D. and Komatsu, M. and Konovalova, N. and Koretskiy, S. and Korolko, I. and Korzenev, A. and Kovalenko, S. and Kudenko, Y. and Kuznetsova, E. and Lacker, H. and Lai, A. and Lanfranchi, G. and Lauria, A. and Lebbolo, H. and Levy, J.-M. and Lista, L. and Loverre, P. and Lukiashin, A. and Lyubovitskij, V. E. and Malinin, A. and Manfredi, M. and Perillo-Marcone, A. and Marrone, A. and Matev, R. and Messomo, E. N. and Mermod, P. and Mikado, S. and Mikhaylov, Yu and Miller, J. and Milstead, D. and Mineev, O. and Mingazheva, R. and Mitselmakher, G. and Miyanishi, M. and Monacelli, P. and Montanari, A. and Montesi, M. C. and Morello, G. and Morishima, K. and Movtchan, S. and Murzin, V. and Naganawa, N. and Naka, T. and Nakamura, M. and Nakano, T. and Nurakhov, N. and Obinyakov, B. and Ocalan, K. and Ogawa, S. and Oreshkin, V. and Orlov, A. and Osborne, J. and Pacholek, P. and Panman, J. and Paoloni, A. and Paparella, L. and Pastore, A. and Patel, M. and Petridis, K. and Petrushin, M. and Poli-Lener, M. and Polukhina, N. and Polyakov, V. and Prokudin, M. and Puddu, G. and Pupilli, F. and Rademakers, F. and Rakai, A. and Rawlings, T. and Redi, F. and Ricciardi, S. and Rinaldesi, R. and Roganova, T. and Rogozhnikov, A. and Rokujo, H. and Romaniouk, A. and Rosa, G. and Rostovtseva, I. and Rovelli, T. and Ruchayskiy, O. and Ruf, T. and Saitta, G. and Samoylenko, V. and Samsonov, V. and Ull, A. Sanz and Saputi, A. and Sato, O. and Schmidt-Parzefall, W. and Serra, N. and Sgobba, S. and Shaposhnikov, M. and Shatalov, P. and Shaykhiev, A. and Shchutska, L. and Shevchenko, V. and Shibuya, H. and Shitov, Y. and Silverstein, S. and Simone, S. and Skorokhvatov, M. and Smirnov, S. and Solodko, E. and Sosnovtsev, V. and Spighi, R. and Spinetti, M. and Starkov, N. and Storaci, B. and Strabel, C. and Strolin, P. and Takahashi, S. and Teterin, P. and Tioukov, V. and Tommasini, D. and Treille, D. and Tsenov, R. and Tshchedrina, T. and Ustyuzhanin, A. and Vannucci, F. and Venturi, V. and Villa, M. and Vincke, Heinz and Vincke, Helmut and Vladymyrov, M. and Xella, S. and Yalvac, M. and Yershov, N. and Yilmaz, D. and Yilmazer, A. U. and Vankova-Kirilova, G. and Zaitsev, Y. and Zoccoli, A.},
  urldate = {2016-08-27},
  date = {2015-04-20},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors},
  options = {useprefix=true},
  file = {arXiv\:1504.04956 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/ZBPHW6IC/SHiP Collaboration et al. - 2015 - A facility to Search for Hidden Particles (SHiP) a.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/9564FV65/1504.html:text/html}
}

@article{gninenko_search_2014,
  title = {Search for {{MeV}} Dark Photons in a Light-Shining-through-Walls Experiment at {{CERN}}},
  volume = {89},
  issn = {1550-7998, 1550-2368},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1308.6521},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.89.075008},
  timestamp = {2016-08-29T23:46:46Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1308.6521},
  number = {7},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review D},
  author = {Gninenko, S. N.},
  urldate = {2016-08-27},
  date = {2014-04-08},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:1308.6521 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/P25VB75B/Gninenko - 2014 - Search for MeV dark photons in a light-shining-thr.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/N6VUCFIP/1308.html:text/html}
}

@article{raggi_padme_2015,
  title = {The {{PADME}} Experiment at {{LNF}}},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1501.01867},
  timestamp = {2016-08-29T23:47:02Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1501.01867},
  primaryClass = {hep-ex, physics:hep-ph},
  author = {Raggi, Mauro and Kozhuharov, Venelin and Valente, P.},
  urldate = {2016-08-28},
  date = {2015-01-08},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:1501.01867 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/3HR8UB8K/Raggi et al. - 2015 - The PADME experiment at LNF.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/7MPAPSCQ/1501.html:text/html}
}

@article{abrahamyan_search_2011,
  title = {Search for a New Gauge Boson in the \${{A}}'\$ {{Experiment}} ({{APEX}})},
  volume = {107},
  issn = {0031-9007, 1079-7114},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1108.2750},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.191804},
  timestamp = {2016-08-29T23:46:54Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1108.2750},
  number = {19},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review Letters},
  author = {Abrahamyan, S. and Ahmed, Z. and Allada, K. and Anez, D. and Averett, T. and Barbieri, A. and Bartlett, K. and Beacham, J. and Bono, J. and Boyce, J. R. and Brindza, P. and Camsonne, A. and Cranmer, K. and Dalton, M. M. and {deJager}, C. W. and Donaghy, J. and Essig, R. and Field, C. and Folts, E. and Gasparian, A. and Goeckner-Wald, N. and Gomez, J. and Graham, M. and Hansen, J.-O. and Higinbotham, D. W. and Holmstrom, T. and Huang, J. and Iqbal, S. and Jaros, J. and Jensen, E. and Kelleher, A. and Khandaker, M. and LeRose, J. J. and Lindgren, R. and Liyanage, N. and Long, E. and Mammei, J. and Markowitz, P. and Maruyama, T. and Maxwell, V. and Mayilyan, S. and McDonald, J. and Michaels, R. and Moffeit, K. and Nelyubin, V. and Odian, A. and Oriunno, M. and Partridge, R. and Paolone, M. and Piasetzky, E. and Pomerantz, I. and Qiang, Y. and Riordan, S. and Roblin, Y. and Sawatzky, B. and Schuster, P. and Segal, J. and Selvy, L. and Shahinyan, A. and Subedi, R. and Sulkosky, V. and Stepanyan, S. and Toro, N. and Walz, D. and Wojtsekhowski, B. and Zhang, J.},
  urldate = {2016-08-28},
  date = {2011-11-04},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology,Nuclear Experiment},
  file = {arXiv\:1108.2750 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/VGHXSZWR/Abrahamyan et al. - 2011 - Search for a new gauge boson in the $A'$ Experimen.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/HHWAWZUK/1108.html:text/html}
}

@article{merkel_search_2014,
  title = {Search for Light Massive Gauge Bosons as an Explanation of the \$(g-2)\_$\backslash$mu\$ Anomaly at {{MAMI}}},
  volume = {112},
  issn = {0031-9007, 1079-7114},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1404.5502},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.221802},
  timestamp = {2016-08-29T23:46:50Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1404.5502},
  number = {22},
  journaltitle = {Physical Review Letters},
  author = {Merkel, H. and Achenbach, P. and Gayoso, C. Ayerbe and Beranek, T. and Beričič, J. and Bernauer, J. C. and Böhm, R. and Bosnar, D. and Correa, L. and Debenjak, L. and Denig, A. and Distler, M. O. and Esser, A. and Fonvieille, H. and Friščić, I. and de la Paz, M. Gómez Rodríguez and Hoek, M. and Kegel, S. and Kohl, Y. and Middleton, D. G. and Mihovilovič, M. and Müller, U. and Nungesser, L. and Pochodzalla, J. and Rohrbeck, M. and Ron, G. and Majos, S. Sánchez and Schlimme, B. S. and Schoth, M. and Schulz, F. and Sfienti, C. and Širca, S. and Thiel, M. and Tyukin, A. and Weber, A. and Weinriefer, M.},
  urldate = {2016-08-28},
  date = {2014-06-04},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,Nuclear Experiment},
  options = {useprefix=true},
  file = {arXiv\:1404.5502 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/CRF2GU5U/Merkel et al. - 2014 - Search for light massive gauge bosons as an explan.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/87XVCWRQ/1404.html:text/html}
}

@article{wojtsekhowski_searching_2012,
  title = {Searching for a New Force at {{VEPP}}-3},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.5089},
  timestamp = {2016-08-29T23:47:05Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1207.5089},
  primaryClass = {hep-ex, physics:nucl-ex},
  author = {Wojtsekhowski, B. and Nikolenko, D. and Rachek, I.},
  urldate = {2016-08-28},
  date = {2012-07-20},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,Nuclear Experiment},
  file = {arXiv\:1207.5089 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/SQW25XS4/Wojtsekhowski et al. - 2012 - Searching for a new force at VEPP-3.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/F4QFXRNK/1207.html:text/html}
}

@article{essig_electron_2011,
  title = {An {{Electron Fixed Target Experiment}} to {{Search}} for a {{New Vector Boson A}}' {{Decaying}} to E+e-},
  volume = {2011},
  issn = {1029-8479},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1001.2557},
  doi = {10.1007/JHEP02(2011)009},
  timestamp = {2016-08-29T23:46:56Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1001.2557},
  number = {2},
  journaltitle = {Journal of High Energy Physics},
  author = {Essig, Rouven and Schuster, Philip and Toro, Natalia and Wojtsekhowski, Bogdan},
  urldate = {2016-08-28},
  date = {2011-02},
  pages = {1--35},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {arXiv\:1001.2557 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/M3WKB68F/Essig et al. - 2011 - An Electron Fixed Target Experiment to Search for .pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/ZT3VXNXC/1001.html:text/html}
}

@article{balewski_darklight_2014,
  title = {The {{DarkLight Experiment}}: {{A Precision Search}} for {{New Physics}} at {{Low Energies}}},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1412.4717},
  shorttitle = {The {{DarkLight Experiment}}},
  timestamp = {2016-08-29T23:46:59Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1412.4717},
  primaryClass = {hep-ex, physics:physics},
  author = {Balewski, J. and Bernauer, J. and Bessuille, J. and Corliss, R. and Cowan, R. and Epstein, C. and Fisher, P. and Hasell, D. and Ihloff, E. and Kahn, Y. and Kelsey, J. and Milner, R. and Steadman, S. and Thaler, J. and Tschalaer, C. and Vidal, C. and Benson, S. and Boyce, J. and Douglas, D. and Evtushenko, P. and Hernandez-Garcia, C. and Keith, C. and Tennant, C. and Zhang, S. and Alarcon, R. and Blyth, D. and Dipert, R. and Ice, L. and Randall, G. and Dongwi, B. and Kalantarians, N. and Kohl, M. and Liyanage, A. and Nazeer, J. and Garcon, M. and Cervantes, R. and Dehmelt, K. and Deshpande, A. and Feege, N. and Surrow, B.},
  urldate = {2016-08-28},
  date = {2014-12-15},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors},
  file = {arXiv\:1412.4717 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/MF66FBAF/Balewski et al. - 2014 - The DarkLight Experiment A Precision Search for N.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/E67QFHHM/1412.html:text/html}
}

@article{collaboration_limit_2013,
  title = {Limit on the Production of a Light Vector Gauge Boson in Phi Meson Decays with the {{KLOE}} Detector},
  volume = {720},
  issn = {03702693},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1210.3927},
  doi = {10.1016/j.physletb.2013.01.067},
  timestamp = {2016-08-29T23:47:14Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1210.3927},
  issue = {1-3},
  journaltitle = {Physics Letters B},
  author = {Collaboration, KLOE-2 and Babusci, D. and Badoni, D. and Balwierz-Pytko, I. and Bencivenni, G. and Bini, C. and Bloise, C. and Bossi, F. and Branchini, P. and Budano, A. and Balkestaahl, L. Caldeira and Capon, G. and Ceradini, F. and Ciambrone, P. and Czerwinski, E. and Dane, E. and De Lucia, E. and De Robertis, G. and De Santis, A. and Di Domenico, A. and Di Donato, C. and Di Salvo, R. and Domenici, D. and Erriquez, O. and Fanizzi, G. and Fantini, A. and Felici, G. and Fiore, S. and Franzini, P. and Gauzzi, P. and Giardina, G. and Giovannella, S. and Gonnella, F. and Graziani, E. and Happacher, F. and Heijkenskj, L. and Hoistad, B. and Iafolla, L. and Jacewicz, M. and Johansson, T. and Kupsc, A. and Lee-Franzini, J. and Leverington, B. and Loddo, F. and Loffredo, S. and Mandaglio, G. and Martemianov, M. and Martini, M. and Mascolo, M. and Messi, R. and Miscetti, S. and Morello, G. and Moricciani, D. and Moskal, P. and Nguyen, F. and Passeri, A. and Patera, V. and Longhi, I. Prado and Ranieri, A. and Redmer, C. F. and Santangelo, P. and Sarra, I. and Schioppa, M. and Sciascia, B. and Silarski, M. and Taccini, C. and Tortora, L. and Venanzoni, G. and Wislicki, W. and Wolke, M. and Zdebik, J.},
  urldate = {2016-08-28},
  date = {2013-03},
  pages = {111--115},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment},
  file = {arXiv\:1210.3927 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/PVQN2N7D/Collaboration et al. - 2013 - Limit on the production of a light vector gauge bo.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/W9H9H824/1210.html:text/html}
}

@article{collaboration_search_2015,
  title = {Search for Dark {{Higgsstrahlung}} in E+ E- -$>$ Mu+ Mu- and Missing Energy Events with the {{KLOE}} Experiment},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1501.06795},
  timestamp = {2016-08-29T23:47:24Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1501.06795},
  primaryClass = {hep-ex},
  author = {Collaboration, KLOE-2 and Babusci, D. and Bencivenni, G. and Bloise, C. and Bossi, F. and Branchini, P. and Budano, A. and Balkestahl, L. Caldeira and Ceradini, F. and Ciambrone, P. and Curciarello, F. and Czerwinski, E. and Dane', E. and De Leo, V. and De Lucia, E. and De Santis, A. and De Simone, P. and Di Cicco, A. and Di Domenico, A. and Di Salvo, R. and Domenici, D. and Fantini, A. and Felici, G. and Fiore, S. and Gajos, A. and Gauzzi, P. and Giardina, G. and Giovannella, S. and Graziani, E. and Happacher, F. and Heijkenskjold, L. and Andersson, W. Ikegami and Johansson, T. and Kaminska, D. and Krzemien, W. and Kupsc, A. and Loffredo, S. and Mandaglio, G. and Martini, M. and Mascolo, M. and Messi, R. and Miscetti, S. and Morello, G. and Moricciani, D. and Moskal, P. and Nguyen, F. and Palladino, A. and Passeri, A. and Patera, V. and Ranieri, A. and Santangelo, P. and Sarra, I. and Schioppa, M. and Silarski, M. and Tortora, L. and Venanzoni, G. and Wislicki, W. and Wolke, M.},
  urldate = {2016-08-28},
  date = {2015-01-27},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment},
  file = {arXiv\:1501.06795 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/GGGRCQRZ/Collaboration et al. - 2015 - Search for dark Higgsstrahlung in e+ e- - mu+ mu-.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/R29344IK/1501.html:text/html}
}

@article{collaboration_search_2012,
  title = {Search for a Vector Gauge Boson in Phi Meson Decays with the {{KLOE}} Detector},
  volume = {706},
  issn = {03702693},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1110.0411},
  doi = {10.1016/j.physletb.2011.11.033},
  timestamp = {2016-08-29T23:47:11Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1110.0411},
  issue = {4-5},
  journaltitle = {Physics Letters B},
  author = {Collaboration, KLOE-2},
  urldate = {2016-08-28},
  date = {2012-01},
  pages = {251--255},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment},
  file = {arXiv\:1110.0411 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/ZI3AX2NA/Collaboration - 2012 - Search for a vector gauge boson in phi meson decay.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/K9PADUKZ/1110.html:text/html}
}

@inbook{Kazimi_2013, place={United States}, title={Simultaneous Four-Hall Operation for 12 GeV CEBAF}, url={http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/1089429}, abstractNote={The CEBAF accelerator at Jefferson lab will have a new experimental hall, Hall D, added to its existing three halls as a part of the ongoing 12 GeV upgrade. Under the present CEBAF design, there is no option for sending beam to all four halls simultaneously. At least one hall has to stay down during the machine operation. A new pattern for interleaving the beam bunches is introduced that allows simultaneous operation of all four halls and provide opportunity for additional future experimental beams. The new configuration presents only a minimal change to the existing CEBAF extraction system. In fact all the lower pass extractions will stay as they are and only the frequency of 5th?pass horizontal RF separator will change. In order to make room for the new Hall D beam among the existing three beams, the beam repetition rate is reduced only for the halls taking beam at the highest pass. This and other details of the new configuration and beam pattern will be presented and discussed. A separate paper in this conference will cover the implementation choices including changes to the beam source and extraction region.*}, author={Kazimi, Reza}, year={2013}, month={Jun}}

@article{beamline_nim_2017, place={United States}, title={The Heavy Photon Search beamline and its performance}, volume={859}, url={http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/1350497}, DOI={10.1016/j.nima.2017.03.061}, abstractNote={The Heavy Photon Search (HPS) is an experiment to search for a hidden sector photon, aka a heavy photon or dark photon, in fixed target electroproduction at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab). The HPS experiment searches for the e+e- decay of the heavy photon with bump hunt and detached vertex strategies using a compact, large acceptance forward spectrometer, consisting of a silicon microstrip detector (SVT) for tracking and vertexing, and a PbWO4 electromagnetic calorimeter for energy measurement and fast triggering. To achieve large acceptance and good vertexing resolution, the first layer of silicon detectors is placed just 10 cm downstream of the target with the sensor edges only 500 μm above and below the beam. Placing the SVT in such close proximity to the beam puts stringent requirements on the beam profile and beam position stability. As part of an approved engineering run, HPS took data in 2015 and 2016 at 1.05 GeV and 2.3 GeV beam energies, respectively. This paper describes the beam line and its performance during that data taking.}, number={C}, journal={Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment}, publisher={Elsevier}, author={Baltzell, N. and Egiyan, H. and Ehrhart, M. and Field, C. and Freyberger, A. and Girod, F. -X. and Holtrop, M. and Jaros, J. and Kalicy, G. and Maruyama, T. and et al.}, year={2017}, month={Apr}}

@article{Balossino201789,
title = "The \{HPS\} electromagnetic calorimeter ",
journal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment ",
volume = "854",
number = "",
pages = "89 - 99",
year = "2017",
note = "",
issn = "0168-9002",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2017.02.065",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900217302620",
author = "I. Balossino and N. Baltzell and M. Battaglieri and M. Bondì and E. Buchanan and D. Calvo and A. Celentano and G. Charles and L. Colaneri and A. D'Angelo and M. De Napoli and R. De Vita and R. Dupré and H. Egiyan and M. Ehrhart and A. Filippi and M. Garçon and N. Gevorgyan and F.-X. Girod and M. Guidal and M. Holtrop and V. Iurasov and V. Kubarovsky and K. Livingston and K. McCarty and J. McCormick and B. McKinnon and M. Osipenko and R. Paremuzyan and N. Randazzo and E. Rauly and B. Raydo and E. Rindel and A. Rizzo and P. Rosier and V. Sipala and S. Stepanyan and H. Szumila-Vance and L.B. Weinstein",
keywords = "Heavy photon",
keywords = "Dark photon",
keywords = "Electromagnetic calorimeter",
keywords = "Lead-tungstate crystals",
keywords = "Avalanche photodiodes ",
abstract = "Abstract The Heavy Photon Search experiment (HPS) is searching for a new gauge boson, the so-called “heavy photon.” Through its kinetic mixing with the Standard Model photon, this particle could decay into an electron-positron pair. It would then be detectable as a narrow peak in the invariant mass spectrum of such pairs, or, depending on its lifetime, by a decay downstream of the production target. The \{HPS\} experiment is installed in Hall-B of Jefferson Lab. This article presents the design and performance of one of the two detectors of the experiment, the electromagnetic calorimeter, during the runs performed in 2015–2016. The calorimeter's main purpose is to provide a fast trigger and reduce the copious background from electromagnetic processes through matching with a tracking detector. The detector is a homogeneous calorimeter, made of 442 lead-tungstate (PbWO4) scintillating crystals, each read out by an avalanche photodiode coupled to a custom trans-impedance amplifier. "
}

@article{Batarin2005543,
title = "Correlation of beam electron and \{LED\} signal losses under irradiation and long-term recovery of lead tungstate crystals ",
journal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment ",
volume = "550",
number = "3",
pages = "543 - 550",
year = "2005",
note = "",
issn = "0168-9002",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2005.04.090",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900205012702",
author = "V.A. Batarin and J. Butler and A.M. Davidenko and A.A. Derevschikov and Y.M. Goncharenko and V.N. Grishin and V.A. Kachanov and A.S. Konstantinov and V.I. Kravtsov and Y. Kubota and V.S. Lukanin and Y.A. Matulenko and Y.M. Melnick and A.P. Meschanin and N.E. Mikhalin and N.G. Minaev and V.V. Mochalov and D.A. Morozov and L.V. Nogach and A.V. Ryazantsev and P.A. Semenov and V.K. Semenov and K.E. Shestermanov and L.F. Soloviev and S. Stone and A.V. Uzunian and A.N. Vasiliev and A.E. Yakutin and J. Yarba",
keywords = "Scintillating crystal",
keywords = "Lead tungstate",
keywords = "Energy calibration ",
abstract = "Radiation damage in lead tungstate crystals reduces their transparency. The calibration that relates the amount of light detected in such crystals to incident energy of photons or electrons is of paramount importance to maintaining the energy resolution the detection system. We report on tests of lead tungstate crystals, read out by photomultiplier tubes, exposed to irradiation by monoenergetic electron or pion beams. The beam electrons themselves were used to measure the scintillation light output, and a blue light emitting diode (LED) was used to track variations of crystals transparency. We report on the correlation of the \{LED\} measurement with radiation damage by the beams and also show that it can accurately monitor the crystal recovery from such damage. "
}

@report{battaglieri_ft_clas12,
  title = {CLAS12 Forward Tagger Technical Design Report},
  url = {https://www.ge.infn.it/~batta/jlab/ft-tdr.2.0.pdf},
  timestamp = {2017-05-22T00:42:38Z},
  number = {V2.0},
  type = {{{CLAS12 Note}}},
  author = {MesonEx Collaboration},
  urldate = {2012-12-07},
  year = {12/7/12}
}

@report{panda_2008,
  title = {Technical Design Report for PANDA Electromagnetic Calorimeter (EMC)},
  url = {https://panda.gsi.de/oldwww/html/det/emc/tdr/panda_tdr_EMC.pdf},
  timestamp = {2017-05-22T00:42:38Z},
  number = {},
  type = {FAIR/PANDA/Technical Design Report - EMC},
  author = {The PANDA Collaboration},
  urldate = {2008-10-07},
  year = {10/7/08}
}



@article{celentano_2014,
  author={A Celentano and L Colaneri and R De Vita and S Fegan and G Minì and G Nobili and G Ottonello and F Parodi and A Rizzo and I Zonta},
  title={Design and realization of a facility for the characterization of Silicon Avalanche PhotoDiodes},
  journal={Journal of Instrumentation},
  volume={9},
  number={09},
  pages={T09002},
  url={http://stacks.iop.org/1748-0221/9/i=09/a=T09002},
  year={2014},
  abstract={We present the design, construction, and performance of a facility for the characterization of Silicon Avalanche Photodiodes in the operating temperature range between −2°C and 25°C. The system can simultaneously measure up to 24 photo-detectors, in a completely automatic way, within one day of operations. The measured data for each sensor are: the internal gain as a function of the bias voltage and temperature, the gain variation with respect to the bias voltage, and the dark current as a function of the gain. The systematic uncertainties have been evaluated during the commissioning of the system to be of the order of 1$\%$. This paper describes in detail the facility design and layout, and the procedure employed to characterize the sensors. The results obtained from the measurement of the 380 Avalanche Photodiodes of the CLAS12-Forward Tagger calorimeter detector are then reported, as the first example of the massive usage of the facility.}
}

@article{Agashe:2014kda,
      author         = "Olive, K. A. and others",
      title          = "{Review of Particle Physics}",
      collaboration  = "Particle Data Group",
      journal        = "Chin. Phys.",
      volume         = "C38",
      year           = "2014",
      pages          = "090001",
      doi            = "10.1088/1674-1137/38/9/090001",
      SLACcitation   = "%%CITATION = CHPHD,C38,090001;%%"
}

@article{alexander_dark_2016,
  title = {Dark {{Sectors}} 2016 {{Workshop}}: {{Community Report}}},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1608.08632},
  shorttitle = {Dark {{Sectors}} 2016 {{Workshop}}},
  abstract = {This report, based on the Dark Sectors workshop at SLAC in April 2016, summarizes the scientific importance of searches for dark sector dark matter and forces at masses beneath the weak-scale, the status of this broad international field, the important milestones motivating future exploration, and promising experimental opportunities to reach these milestones over the next 5-10 years.},
  timestamp = {2016-09-06T23:52:58Z},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprint = {1608.08632},
  primaryClass = {astro-ph, physics:hep-ex, physics:hep-ph, physics:nucl-ex},
  author = {Alexander, Jim and Battaglieri, Marco and Echenard, Bertrand and Essig, Rouven and Graham, Matthew and Izaguirre, Eder and Jaros, John and Krnjaic, Gordan and Mardon, Jeremy and Morrissey, David and Nelson, Tim and Perelstein, Maxim and Pyle, Matt and Ritz, Adam and Schuster, Philip and Shuve, Brian and Toro, Natalia and Van De Water, Richard G. and Akerib, Daniel and An, Haipeng and Aniol, Konrad and Arnquist, Isaac J. and Asner, David M. and Back, Henning O. and Baker, Keith and Baltzell, Nathan and Banerjee, Dipanwita and Batell, Brian and Bauer, Daniel and Beacham, James and Benesch, Jay and Bjorken, James and Blinov, Nikita and Boehm, Celine and Bondí, Mariangela and Bonivento, Walter and Bossi, Fabio and Brodsky, Stanley J. and Budnik, Ran and Bueltmann, Stephen and Bukhari, Masroor H. and Bunker, Raymond and Carpinelli, Massimo and Cartaro, Concetta and Cassel, David and Cavoto, Gianluca and Celentano, Andrea and Chaterjee, Animesh and Chaudhuri, Saptarshi and Chiodini, Gabriele and Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry and Church, Eric D. and Cooke, D. A. and Cooley, Jodi and Cooper, Robert and Corliss, Ross and Crivelli, Paolo and Curciarello, Francesca and D'Angelo, Annalisa and Davoudiasl, Hooman and De Napoli, Marzio and De Vita, Raffaella and Denig, Achim and {deNiverville}, Patrick and Deshpande, Abhay and Dharmapalan, Ranjan and Dobrescu, Bogdan and Donskov, Sergey and Dupre, Raphael and Estrada, Juan and Fegan, Stuart and Ferber, Torben and Field, Clive and Figueroa-Feliciano, Enectali and Filippi, Alessandra and Fornal, Bartosz and Freyberger, Arne and Friedland, Alexander and Galon, Iftach and Gardner, Susan and Girod, Francois-Xavier and Gninenko, Sergei and Golutvin, Andrey and Gori, Stefania and Grab, Christoph and Graziani, Enrico and Griffioen, Keith and Haas, Andrew and Harigaya, Keisuke and Hearty, Christopher and Hertel, Scott and Hewett, JoAnne and Hime, Andrew and Hitlin, David and Hochberg, Yonit and Holt, Roy J. and Holtrop, Maurik and Hoppe, Eric W. and Hossbach, Todd W. and Hsu, Lauren and Ilten, Phil and Incandela, Joe and Inguglia, Gianluca and Irwin, Kent and Jaegle, Igal and Johnson, Robert P. and Kahn, Yonatan and Kalicy, Grzegorz and Kang, Zhong-Bo and Khachatryan, Vardan and Kozhuharov, Venelin and Krasnikov, N. V. and Kubarovsky, Valery and Kuflik, Eric and Kurinsky, Noah and Laha, Ranjan and Lanfranchi, Gaia and Li, Dale and Lin, Tongyan and Lisanti, Mariangela and Liu, Kun and Liu, Ming and Loer, Ben and Loomba, Dinesh and Lyubovitskij, Valery E. and Manalaysay, Aaron and Mandaglio, Giuseppe and Mans, Jeremiah and Marciano, W. J. and Markiewicz, Thomas and Marsicano, Luca and Maruyama, Takashi and Matveev, Victor A. and McKeen, David and McKinnon, Bryan and McKinsey, Dan and Merkel, Harald and Mock, Jeremy and Monzani, Maria Elena and Moreno, Omar and Nantais, Corina and Paul, Sebouh and Peskin, Michael and Poliakov, Vladimir and Polosa, Antonio D. and Pospelov, Maxim and Rachek, Igor and Radics, Balint and Raggi, Mauro and Randazzo, Nunzio and Ratcliff, Blair and Rizzo, Alessandro and Rizzo, Thomas and Robinson, Alan and Rubbia, Andre and Rubin, David and Rueter, Dylan and Saab, Tarek and Santopinto, Elena and Schnee, Richard and Shelton, Jessie and Simi, Gabriele and Simonyan, Ani and Sipala, Valeria and Slone, Oren and Smith, Elton and Snowden-Ifft, Daniel and Solt, Matthew and Sorensen, Peter and Soreq, Yotam and Spagnolo, Stefania and Spencer, James and Stepanyan, Stepan and Strube, Jan and Sullivan, Michael and Tadepalli, Arun S. and Tait, Tim and Taiuti, Mauro and Tanedo, Philip and Tayloe, Rex and Thaler, Jesse and Tran, Nhan V. and Tulin, Sean and Tully, Christopher G. and Uemura, Sho and Ungaro, Maurizio and Valente, Paolo and Vance, Holly and Vavra, Jerry and Volansky, Tomer and von Krosigk, Belina and Whitbeck, Andrew and Williams, Mike and Wittich, Peter and Wojtsekhowski, Bogdan and Xue, Wei and Yoon, Jong Min and Yu, Hai-Bo and Yu, Jaehoon and Yu, Tien-Tien and Zhang, Yue and Zhao, Yue and Zhong, Yiming and Zurek, Kathryn},
  urldate = {2016-09-06},
  date = {2016-08-30},
  keywords = {Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics,High Energy Physics - Experiment,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology,Nuclear Experiment},
  options = {useprefix=true},
  file = {arXiv\:1608.08632 PDF:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/MPFAT5R8/Alexander et al. - 2016 - Dark Sectors 2016 Workshop Community Report.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/meeg/.zotero/zotero/npn5ytqx.default/zotero/storage/KISWHFX7/1608.html:text/html}
}


@article{Batley_2015lha,
      author         = "Batley, J. R. and others",
      title          = "{Search for the dark photon in $\pi^0$ decays}",
      collaboration  = "NA48/2",
      journal        = "Phys. Lett.",
      volume         = "B746",
      year           = "2015",
      pages          = "178-185",
      doi            = "10.1016/j.physletb.2015.04.068",
      eprint         = "1504.00607",
      archivePrefix  = "arXiv",
      primaryClass   = "hep-ex",
      reportNumber   = "CERN-PH-EP-2015-093",
      SLACcitation   = "%%CITATION = ARXIV:1504.00607;%%"
}

@article{Sofue:2000jx,
      author         = "Sofue, Yoshiaki and Rubin, Vera",
      title          = "{Rotation curves of spiral galaxies}",
      journal        = "Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys.",
      volume         = "39",
      year           = "2001",
      pages          = "137-174",
      doi            = "10.1146/annurev.astro.39.1.137",
      eprint         = "astro-ph/0010594",
      archivePrefix  = "arXiv",
      primaryClass   = "astro-ph",
      reportNumber   = "U-TOKYO-ASTRO-PREPRINT-2000-09",
      SLACcitation   = "%%CITATION = ASTRO-PH/0010594;%%"
}