Upgrade rust toolchain to 1.82

[muXxer]

Currently the release-v0.7.0 docker containers are build with the latest stable rust version, which is 1.82 at this point in time.
This is due to the fact that we are using the rust:latest images in the build step, and because we don't copy the rust-toolchain.toml with the actual used toolchain version into the containers. This will be fixed with #4044

Nevertheless we should upgrade the used rust toolchain version to the latest released stable version of rust.
This should be done after #3705 is merged to develop.

[gokhan-simsek-iota]

@muXxer I started with my local, upgraded iota/rust-toolchain.toml to 1.82 and running cargo clippy. Will run RUSTFLAGS="--cfg msim" cargo clippy next.

Tried to find how exactly we run clippy, I am guessing this is the place: https://github.com/iotaledger/iota/blob/391a28bf51bd9ac1ca7ea3f516a8a755a9951315/scripts/slipstream/slipstream.py#L609C1-L612C72 -> # Run cargo clippy def run_cargo_clippy(panic_on_errors):

Opening a PR like this #3705 to trigger the CI might be also an option or run CI scripts locally to understand the whole process.

[thibault-martinez]

Tried to find how exactly we run clippy

FYI in #4180 we are introducing a new clippy job for msim.