diff --git a/.github/workflows/main.yml b/.github/workflows/main.yml
index 301e24e5..676614d3 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/main.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/main.yml
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ jobs:
       run: |
         python -m pip install --upgrade pip
         python -m pip install --upgrade build coveralls setuptools tox wheel
+        python -m pip install -r requirements.txt
 
     - name: Build Vulture wheel
       run: python -m build
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index d9ec6de8..28b0693b 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 * Bump flake8, flake8-comprehensions and flake8-bugbear (Sebastian Csar, #341).
 * Switch to tomllib/tomli to support heterogeneous arrays (Sebastian Csar, #340).
 * Provide whitelist parity for `MagicMock` and `Mock` (maxrake).
+* Use .gitignore to exclude files if --exclude is missing from both pyproject.toml and the command line (whosayn, #344, #345).
 
 # 2.10 (2023-10-06)
 
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 99b2ec81..e531d8ef 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -83,6 +83,10 @@ If you want to ignore a whole file or directory, use the `--exclude` parameter
 (e.g., `--exclude "*settings.py,*/docs/*.py,*/test_*.py,*/.venv/*.py"`). The
 exclude patterns are matched against absolute paths.
 
+Vulture 2.11+ parses the `.gitignore` file in the current working directory for
+exclude patterns if the `--exclude` parameter is unused and if there are no
+exclude patterns in the pyproject.toml file.
+
 #### Flake8 noqa comments
 
 <!-- Hide noqa docs until we decide whether we want to support it.
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..32d83476
--- /dev/null
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+pathspec >= 0.12.1
+tomli >= 1.1.0; python_version < '3.11'
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index 48549415..d9187eac 100644
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ def find_version(*parts):
 with open("README.md") as f1, open("CHANGELOG.md") as f2:
     long_description = f1.read() + "\n\n" + f2.read()
 
+with open("requirements.txt") as f:
+    install_requires = f.read().splitlines()
+
 setuptools.setup(
     name="vulture",
     version=find_version("vulture", "version.py"),
@@ -47,7 +50,7 @@ def find_version(*parts):
         "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy",
         "Topic :: Software Development :: Quality Assurance",
     ],
-    install_requires=["tomli >= 1.1.0; python_version < '3.11'"],
+    install_requires=install_requires,
     entry_points={"console_scripts": ["vulture = vulture.core:main"]},
     python_requires=">=3.8",
     packages=setuptools.find_packages(exclude=["tests"]),
diff --git a/tests/test_gitignore_patterns.py b/tests/test_gitignore_patterns.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0a07adef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_gitignore_patterns.py
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import os
+import pathlib
+import pytest
+import shutil
+
+from . import call_vulture
+from vulture.utils import ExitCode
+
+
+class TempGitignore:
+    def __init__(self, patterns):
+        self.patterns = patterns
+        root = pathlib.Path(".").resolve()
+        self.file = root / ".gitignore"
+        self.tmpfile = root / ".tmp_gitignore"
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        shutil.move(self.file, self.tmpfile)
+        with open(self.file, "w") as f:
+            f.write("\n".join(self.patterns))
+
+        return self.file
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args):
+        os.remove(self.file)
+        shutil.move(self.tmpfile, self.file)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="function")
+def gitignore(request):
+    with TempGitignore(request.param) as fpath:
+        yield fpath
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "exclude_patterns,gitignore,exit_code",
+    (
+        ([], [], ExitCode.NoDeadCode),
+        ([""], [], ExitCode.NoDeadCode),
+        ([], [""], ExitCode.NoDeadCode),
+        ([""], ["core.py", "utils.py"], ExitCode.NoDeadCode),
+        (["core.py", "utils.py"], [""], ExitCode.DeadCode),
+        ([], ["core.py", "utils.py"], ExitCode.DeadCode),
+    ),
+    indirect=("gitignore",),
+)
+def test_gitignore(exclude_patterns, gitignore, exit_code):
+    def get_csv(paths):
+        return ",".join(os.path.join("vulture", path) for path in paths)
+
+    cli_args = ["vulture/"]
+    if exclude_patterns:
+        cli_args.extend(["--exclude", get_csv(exclude_patterns)])
+
+    assert gitignore.is_file()
+    assert call_vulture(cli_args) == exit_code
diff --git a/vulture/core.py b/vulture/core.py
index b3c845cd..b118aab3 100644
--- a/vulture/core.py
+++ b/vulture/core.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 import string
 import sys
 
+from pathspec import PathSpec
 from vulture import lines
 from vulture import noqa
 from vulture import utils
@@ -114,6 +115,13 @@ def _ignore_variable(filename, varname):
     )
 
 
+def _get_gitignore_pathspec():
+    if (gitignore := Path(".gitignore").resolve()).is_file:
+        with gitignore.open() as fh:
+            return PathSpec.from_lines("gitwildmatch", fh)
+    return PathSpec.from_lines("gitwildmatch", [])
+
+
 class Item:
     """
     Hold the name, type and location of defined code.
@@ -263,9 +271,16 @@ def prepare_pattern(pattern):
             return pattern
 
         exclude = [prepare_pattern(pattern) for pattern in (exclude or [])]
+        gitignore = _get_gitignore_pathspec()
 
         def exclude_path(path):
-            return _match(path, exclude, case=False)
+            # If no exclude patterns are provided via the CLI or
+            # a TOML file, use .gitignore patterns to inform exclusion.
+            return (
+                _match(path, exclude, case=False)
+                if exclude
+                else gitignore.match_file(path)
+            )
 
         paths = [Path(path) for path in paths]