6809_SINTIO.s

	.macro	CLI
		ANDCC	#$EF
	.endm
    
	.macro	SEI
		ORCC	#$10
	.endm
    
	OIE	EQU $0000		; missing from source code below

;
; Title:	Simple interrupt input and output using a 
;		6850 ACIA and single character buffers.
;
; Name:		SINTIO 
;
; Purpose:
;
;		This program consists of 5 subroutines that
;		perform interrupt driven input and output using
;		a 6850 ACIA.
;
;	INCH
;		Read a character.
;	INST
;		Determine input status 
;		(whether input buffer is empty).
;	OUTCH
;		Write a character.
;	OUTST
;		Determine output status 
;		(whether output buffer is full).
;	INIT
;		Initialize.
; Entry:
;
;	INCH
;		No parameters.
;	INST
;		No parameters.
;	OUTCH
;		Register A = character to transmit
;	OUTST
;		No parameters.
;	INIT
;		No parameters.
; Exit:
;	INCH
;		Register A = character.
;	INST
;		Registers used:
;		Carry = 0 if input buffer is empty, 
;		1 if character is available.
;	OUTCH
;		No parameters
;	OUTST
;		Carry = 0 if output buffer is empty, 
;		1 if it is full.		
;	INIT
;		No parameters.	
;	INCH
;		A,CC
;	INST
;		A,CC
;	OUTCH
;		A,CC OUTST
;		A,CC
;	INIT
;		A
;
; Time:
;
;	INCH
;		40 cycles if a character is available 
;	INST
;		12 cycles
;	OUTCH
;		87 cycles if output buffer is empty and
;		the ACIA is ready to transmit
;	OUTST
;		12 cycles 
;	INIT
;		76 cycles 
;	IOSRVC
;		42 cycles minimum if the interrupt is not ours 
;		63 cycles to service an input interrupt 
;		99 cycles to service an output interrupt
;		These include the time required for the 
;		processor to respond to an interrupt 
;		(21 cycles).
;
; Size:
;
;		Program		144 bytes
;		Data		6 bytes
;
;	ARBITRARY 6850 ACIA MEMORY ADDRESSES
;
	ACIADR EQU $A000		; ACIA DATA REGISTER 
	ACIACR EQU $A001		; ACIA CONTROL REGISTER 
	ACIASR EQU $A001		; ACIA STATUS REGISTER 
;
;	TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER INTERRUPT VECTOR 
;
	INTVEC	EQU	$0100		; VECTOR TO INTERRUPT
					; SERVICE ROUTINE 
;
; READ A CHARACTER FROM INPUT BUFFER
;
INCH:	JSR	INST			; GET INPUT STATUS 
	BCC	INCH			; HALT IF NO CHARACTER AVAILABLE
	CLR	RECDF			; INDICATE INPUT BUFFER EMPTY
	LDA	RECDAT			; GET CHARACTER FROM INPUT BUFFER 
	RTS				; DETERMINE INPUT STATUS 
					; (CARRY = 1 IF DATA AVAILABLE)
;
INST:
	LDA	RECDF			; GET DATA READY FLAG 
	LSRA				; SET CARRY FROM DATA READY FLAG 
					; CARRY = 1 IF CHARACTER AVAILABLE 
	RTS
;
; WRITE A CHARACTER INTO OUTPUT BUFFER AND THEN ON TO ACIA
;
;
OUTCH:
	PSHS	A			; SAVE CHARACTER TO WRITE

	; WAIT FOR OUTPUT BUFFER TO EMPTY, STORE NEXT CHARACTER 
WAITOC:
	JSR	OUTST			; GET OUTPUT STATUS
	BCS	WAITOC			; WAIT IF OUTPUT BUFFER FULL 
	PULS	A			; GET CHARACTER
	STA	TRNDAT			; STORE CHARACTER IN BUFFER 
	LDA	#$FF			; INDICATE BUFFER FULL 
	STA	TRNDF
	JSR	OUTDAT			; SEND CHARACTER TO PORT RTS
;
; DETERMINE OUTPUT STATUS (CARRY = 1 IF OUTPUT BUFFER FULL)
;
OUTST:	
	LDA	TRNDF			; GET TRANSMIT FLAG LSRA SET CARRY FROM TRANSMIT FLAG 
	RTS				; CARRY = 1 IF BUFFER FULL
;	
; INITIALIZE INTERRUPT SYSTEM AND 6850 ACIA
; 
INIT:
	;
	; DISABLE INTERRUPTS DURING INITIALIZATION BUT SAVE 
	; PREVIOUS STATE OF INTERRUPT FLAG
	;
	PSHS	CC			; SAVE CURRENT FLAGS (PARTICULARLY I FLAG)
	SEI				; DISABLE INTERRUPTS DURING
					; INITIALIZATION
	;
	; INITIALIZE COLOR COMPUTER INTERRUPT VECTOR
	;
	LDX	INTVEC			; GET CURRENT INTERRUPT VECTOR
	STX	NEXTSR			; SAVE IT AS ADDRESS OF NEXT SERVICE
					; ROUTINE
	LDX	#IOSRVC			; GET ADDRESS OF OUR SERVICE ROUTINE
	STX	INTVEC			; SAVE IT AS INTERRUPT VECTOR
	;
	; INITIALIZE SOFTWARE FLAGS
	;
	CLR	RECDF			; NO INPUT DATA AVAILABLE
	CLR	TRNDF			; OUTPUT BUFFER EMPTY 
	CLR	OIE			; INDICATE NO OUTPUT INTERRUPT NEEDED
	;
	; 6850 READY TO TRANSMIT INITIALLY
	;
	; INITIALIZE 6850 ACIA (UART)
	;
	LDA	#00000011b		; MASTER RESET ACIA (IT HAS NO RESET INPUT). 
	STA	ACIACR
	LDA	#10010001b		; INITIALIZE ACIA MODE
					; BIT 7 = 1 T0 ENABLE INPUT INTERRUPTS
					; BITS 6,5 = 0 TO DISABLE OUTPUT INTERRUPTS
					; BITS 4,3,2 = 100 FOR 8 DATA BITS, 2 STOP 
					; BITS
					; BITS 1,0 = O1 FOR DIVIDE BY 16 CLOCK
	STA	ACIACR
	PULS	CC			; RESTORE FLAGS (THIS REENABLES INTERRUPTS
					; IF THEY HERE ENABLED WHEN INIT WAS
					; CALLED)
	RTS
	; GENERAL INTERRUPT HANDLER
	;
	IOSRVC:
	;
	; GET ACIA STATUS: BIT 0 = 1 IF AN INPUT INTERRUPT,
	; BIT 1 = 1 IF AN OUTPUT INTERRUPT
	;
	LDA	ACIASR			; GET ACIA STATUS
	LSRA				; EXAMINE BIT 0
	BCS	RDHDLR			; BRANCH IF AN INPUT INTERRUPT
	LSRA				; EXAMINE BIT 1
	BCS	WRHDLR			; BRANCH IF AN OUTPUT INTERRUPT
	JMP	[NEXTSR]		; NOT THIS ACIA, EXAMINE NEXT INTERRUPT
;
; INPUT (READ) INTERRUPT HANDLER
;
RDHDLR:
	LDA	ACIADR			; LOAD DATA FROM 6850 ACIA 
	STA	RECDAT			; SAVE DATA IN INPUT BUFFER
	LDA	#$FF
	STA	RECDF			; INDICATE INPUT DATA AVAILABLE
	RTI
;
; OUTPUT (WRITE) INTERRUPT HANDLER
;
WRHDLR:
	LDA	TRNDF			; TEST DATA AVAILABLE FLAG
	BEQ	NODATA			; JUMP IF N0 DATA TO TRANSMIT 
	JSR	OUTDT1			; ELSE SEND DATA T0 6850 ACIA 
	BRA	WRDONE			; (NO NEED TO TEST STATUS)
;
; IF AN OUTPUT INTERRUPT OCCURS HHEN NO DATA IS AVAILABLE,
; WE MUST DISABLE IT (IN THE 6850) TO AVOID AN ENDLESS LOOP. 
; LATER, WHEN A CHARACTER BECOMES AVAILABLE, WE CALL THE OUTPUT
; ROUTINE OUTDAT WHICH MUST TEST ACIA STATUS BEFORE SENDING THE DATA.
; THE OUTPUT ROUTINE MUST ALSO REENABLE THE OUTPUT INTERRUPT AFTER
; SENDING THE DATA. THIS PROCEDURE OVERCOMES THE PROBLEM OF AN 
; UNSERVICED OUTPUT INTERRUPT ASSERTING ITSELF REPEATEDLY, WHILE 
; STILL ENSURING THAT OUTPUT INTERRUPTS ARE RECOGNIZED AND THAT 
; DATA IS NEVER SENT TO AN ACIA THAT IS NOT READY FOR IT.
; THE PROBLEM IS THAT AN OUTPUT DEVICE MAY REQUEST SERVICE BEFORE
; THE COMPUTER HAS ANYTHING T0 SEND (UNLIKE AN INPUT DEVICE THAT
; HAS DATA WHEN IT REQUESTS SERVICE).
;

NODATA:
	LDA	#10010001b		; ESTABLISH ACIA OPERATING MODE
					; WITH OUTPUT INTERRUPTS DISABLED
	STA	ACIACR
WRDONE:
	RTI
;
;***************************************
; ROUTINE: OUTDAT, OUTDT1 (OUTDAT IS NON-INTERRUPT DRIVEN ENTRY POINT)
; PURPOSE: SEND A CHARACTER TO THE ACIA
; ENTRY:		TRNDAT = CHARACTER T0 SEND
; EXIT:			NONE
; REGISTERS USED:	A,CC
;****************************************
;
OUTDAT:
	LDA	ACIASR			; CAME HERE WITH INTERRUPTS DISABLED
	ANDA	#00000010b		; TEST WHETHER ACIA OUTPUT REGISTER EMPTY
	BEQ	OUTDAT			; BRANCH (WAIT) IF IT IS NOT EMPTY 
OUTDT1:
	LDA	TRNDAT			; GET THE CHARACTER
	STA	ACIADR			; SEND CHARACTER TO ACIA 
	CLR	TRNDF			; INDICATE OUTPUT BUFFER EMPTY
	LDA	#10110001b		; ESTABLISH ACIA OPERATING MODE WITH 
	STA	ACIACR			; OUTPUT INTERRUPTS ENABLED
	RTS
;
; DATA SECTION 1
;
RECDAT	RMB	1			; RECEIVE DATA 
RECDF	RMB	1			; RECEIVE DATA FLAG 
;
; (0 = N0 DATA, FF = DATA AVAILABLE) 
;
TRNDAT	RMB	1			; TRANSMIT DATA 
TRNDF	RMB	1			; TRANSMIT DATA FLAG
					; (0 = BUFFER EMPTY, FF = BUFFER FULL)
NEXTSR	RMB	2			; ADDRESS OF NEXT INTERRUPT SERVICE
					; ROUTINE
; 
; SAMPLE EXECUTION:
; CHARACTER EQUATES
;
ESCAPE	EQU	$1B			; ASCII ESCAPE CHARACTER
TESTCH	EQU	'A'			; TEST CHARACTER = A

SC9A: 
	JSR	INIT			; INITIALIZE 6850 ACIA, INTERRUPT SYSTEM 
	CLI				; ENABLE INTERRUPTS
	; 
	; SIMPLE EXAMPLE, READ AND ECHO CHARACTERS 
	; UNTIL AN ESC IS RECEIVED
	;
LOOP:
	JSR	INCH			; READ CHARACTER
	PSHS 	A
	JSR	OUTCH			; ECHO CHARACTER
	PULS 	A
	CMPA	#ESCAPE			; IS CHARACTER AN ESCAPE?
	BNE	LOOP			; STAY IN LOOP IF NOT
; 
; AN ASYNCHRONOUS EXAMPLE
; OUTPUT "A" TO CONSOLE CONTINUOUSLY BUT ALSO LOOK AT
; INPUT SIDE, READING AND ECHOING ANY INPUT CHARACTERS.
;
ASYNLP:
	; 
	; OUTPUT AN "A" IF OUTPUT IS NOT BUSY
	;
	JSR	OUTST			; IS OUTPUT BUSY?
	BCS	ASYNLP			; JUMP IF IT IS
	LDA	#TESTCH
	JSR	OUTCH			; OUTPUT TEST CHARACTER
	; 
	; CHECK INPUT PORT
	; ECHO CHARACTER IF ONE IS AVAILABLE
	; EXIT ON ESCAPE CHARACTER
	; 
	JSR 	INST			; IS INPUT DATA AVAILABLE?
	BCS 	ASYNLP			; JUMP IF NOT (SEND ANOTHER "A")
	JSR	INCH			; GET CHARACTER
	CMPA 	#ESCAPE			; IS IT AN ESCAPE?
	BEQ 	DONE			; BRANCH IF IT IS
	JSR 	OUTCH			; ELSE ECHO CHARACTER
	BRA 	ASYNLP			; AND CONTINUE
DONE: 
	BRA 	SC9A			; REPEAT TEST
	END