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Go (https://go.dev/)

Statically typed compiled language. Popular choice for high performance server-side application.
Created at Google in 2007, released v1.0 as opensource in 2012.

Design Motto: Simplicity & Efficiency

Standard libraries: https://pkg.go.dev/std
(like math, net and fmt)

Tutorial: https://go.dev/tour/list

1. Install Go (https://go.dev/doc/install)

export GOLANG_VERSION=go1.22.5
wget https://go.dev/dl/$GOLANG_VERSION.linux-amd64.tar.gz
sudo tar -C /usr/local -xzf $GOLANG_VERSION.linux-amd64.tar.gz
rm $GOLANG_VERSION.linux-amd64.tar.gz

# Add to bashrc
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin
source ~/.profile

In VS Code, get Go extension by Google and update all via > Go install/update tools.
Additionally, get Error Lens for a better dev experience.

# Initialize Go module
go mod init github.com/rocketseat-education/semana-tech-go-react-server

2. Fundamentals in Go

action Description
go mod tidy auto-add/remove modules
go generate ./... run all the go:generate directives in *.go files in the current and subdirectories
go get <github.repo> install the package
go build compiles the pkg or the binary
if run in a dir with a main pck, it produces an exec
go test
go run <file.go> compiles and runs the specified Go file.
go fmt formats Go source code according to the Go standard style

3. Conventions in Go

dir Description
cmd/ binaries internal to your package.
Functionalities you cannot use outside your module.
Typically each subdir is an executable
internal/ Contains code that can only be imported by the
parent dir or sibling dir, enforcing encapsulation.
vendor/ go mod vendor copies all the project's dependencies into this directory
When sharing with others, everything is contained within the project directory

Example

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {

    // Variables can be explicitly defined or type will be inferred at compile time.
    var name string = "John"
    other_name := "Other john"

    // Array
    myArray = [3]string
    myArray[0] = "Uno"
    myArray[1] = "Dos"
    myArray[2] = "Tres"

    // Map
    myMap = map[string]string
    myMap["robot"] = "⭐"
    myMap["fire"] = "🔥"️
    myMap["heart"] = "❤️"

    // Control flow
    for x := 0; x < 10; x++ {
        fmt.println("Iteration!")
    }

    animal := "dog"
    if animal == "dog" {
        fmt.println("I like it!")
    } else {
        fmt.println("I don't like it!")
    }

    // Pointer
    var year int = 2021;
    var p *int = &year;
}

Go also supports concurrency via Goroutines with the go-keyword which allows defining functions that can run at the same time of other functions by utilizing multiple threads in a CPU.