From 3ed8318daf3fe75c699602cd87cbccd95e39fe69 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Mon, 12 May 2014 10:00:52 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 001/186] added objecttypes for archpnw --- terms.jsonld | 29 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++-- 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/terms.jsonld b/terms.jsonld index 8718903..74e4c65 100644 --- a/terms.jsonld +++ b/terms.jsonld @@ -14,11 +14,12 @@ "domain": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain", "date": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date", "Property": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property", - "Property": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Class", + "Class": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Class", "subPropertyOf": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf", "Organization": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Organization", "Concept": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept", - "@language": "en" + "@language": "en", + "Organization": "http://schema.org/Organization" }, "@graph": [ { @@ -56,6 +57,30 @@ } }, # term template end + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IntentionalCommunities", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "subPropertyOf": "Organization", + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Intentional Communities", + "comment": "Intentional communities are planned residential communities designed from the start to have a high degree of social cohesion and teamwork. The members of an intentional community typically hold a common social, political, religious, or spiritual vision and often follow an alternative lifestyle.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + + + } ] } From b2020a08a6fac26dea0a9c65be6b9a65d8f542da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Tue, 13 May 2014 08:16:05 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 002/186] arch_pnw names.jsonld --- names.jsonld | 21026 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 21026 insertions(+) create mode 100644 names.jsonld diff --git a/names.jsonld b/names.jsonld new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c9157ac --- /dev/null +++ b/names.jsonld @@ -0,0 +1,21026 @@ +{ + "@context": { + "title": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/title", + "label": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label", + "comment": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment", + "description": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description", + "isPartOf": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/isPartOf", + "publisher": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher", + "modified": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified", + "issued": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/issued", + "Collection": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/Collection", + "definedBy": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy", + "range": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range", + "domain": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain", + "date": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date", + "Property": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property", + "Class": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Class", + "subPropertyOf": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf", + "Organization": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Organization", + "Concept": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept", + "@language": "en", + "additionalName": "http://schema.org/additionalName", + "date": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date", + + }, + "@graph": [ + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt", + "modified": { + "@value": "2013-12-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "publisher": "Opaque Namespace", + "title": "VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER" + }, +#term template start + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/xxx", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "subPropertyOf": "xxxx", + "issued": { + "@value": "YYYY-MM-DD", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "XXXX", + "comment": "BLAH, BLAH, BLAH.", + "modified": { + "@value": "YYYY-MM-DD", + "@type": "date" + }, + "domain": { + "@id": "xxxx" + }, + "range": { + "@id": "xxxx" + } + }, +# term template end + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChambersAE", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chambers, A. E.", + "comment": "Professional interior design.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DavisAE", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Davis, A. E.", + "comment": "Professional builder/contractor.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AEDoyleandAssociates", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "A. E. Doyle & Associates", + "comment": "Professional architecture firm.", + "date": "1915-1928", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PetersonAF", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Peterson, A. F.", + "comment": "Professional builder/contractor.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AlbertsonAH", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Albertson, A. H.", + "comment": "Professional builder/contractor.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BowmanAJF", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bowman, A. J. ", + "comment": "Professional builder/contractor.", + "additionalName": "Bowman, A. J. F.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PajunenAJ", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pajunen, A. J.", + "comment": "Professional builder/contractor.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KutscheAW", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kutsche, A. W.", + "comment": "Professional builder/contractor.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RouzieAWilliam", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Rouzie, A. William", + "date": "1924-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PetersonAdolphF", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Peterson, Adolph F.", + "comment": "Professional builder.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GorhamAimee", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gorham, Aimee", + "comment": "Professional artist.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KriegAlbert", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Krieg, Albert", + "comment": "Professional builder/contractor.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuttonAlbert", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sutton, Albert", + "comment": "Professional architect.", + "date": "1867-1923", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WickershamAlbert", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wickersham, Albert", + "comment": "Professional architect.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DoyleAlbertE", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Doyle, Albert E.", + "comment": "Professional architect.", + "additionalName": "Doyle, Albert Ernest", + "date": "1877-1928", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BumgardnerAlbertO", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bumgardner, Albert O.", + "comment": "Professional architect.", + "date": "1923-1987", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MercierAlbertT", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mercier, Albert T.", + "comment": "Professional architect.", + "date": "1924-1935", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FergusonAlbertW", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ferguson, Albert W.", + "comment": "Professional architect.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HilgersAlbertW", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hilgers, Albert W.", + "comment": "Professional architect.", + "date": "1907-1990", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SquiresAlexF", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Squires, Alex F.", + "comment": "Professional builder/contractor.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MuirAlexander", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Muir, Alexander", + "comment": "Professional builder/contractor.", + "additionalName": "Muir Alexander", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EwartAlexanderC", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ewart, Alexander C.", + "comment": "Professional architect.", + "additionalName": "Ewart, Alexander Charles", + "date": "1854-1916", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SvobodaAlexandervon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Svoboda, Alexander von", + "comment": "Professional artist.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MillwainAlexanderW", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Millwain, Alexander W.", + "comment": "Professional architect.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IveyAlfred", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ivey, Alfred", + "comment": "Professional architect.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithAlfredH", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Smith, Alfred H.", + "comment": "Professional architect.", + "additionalName": "Amith Alfred Henry", + "date": "1865-1958", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SternAllenH", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Stern, Allen H.", + "comment": "Professional architect.", + "date": "1856-1931", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RussellAmbroseJ", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Russell, Ambrose J.", + "comment": "Professional architect.", + "additionalName": "Russell, Ambrose J.", + "date": "1857-1938", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AmericanBridgeDivisionUSSSteel", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "American Bridge Division USS Steel", + "comment": "Professional builder/contractor.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CooperandRoseandAssociates", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cooper and Rose and Associates", + "comment": "Professional builder/contractor.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndersonConstructionCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Anderson Construction Company", + "comment": "Professional builder/contractor.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WillatsenAndrewC", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Willatsen, Andrew C.", + "comment": "Professional architect.", + "additionalName": "Willatsen, Andrew Christian Peter", + "date": "1876-1974", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AngeloPlanningGroup", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Angelo Planning Group", + "comment": "Professional architecture firm.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AnnandandKennedyArchitectsandEngineersandEngineers", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Annand & Kennedy Architects & Engineer, + "comment": "Professional architecture firm.", + "additionalName": "Annand & Kennedy, Architects & Engineers ", + "date": "1942-1950", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AnnandBooneandLee", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Annand Boone and Lee", + "comment": "Professional architecture firm.", + "additionalName": "Annand, Boone, and Lei ", + "date": "1955-1960", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AnnandBooneDrynanandHuffstutterHuffstutter", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Annand Boone Drynan & Huffstutter", + "comment": "Professional architecture firm.", + "additionalName": "Annand, Boone, Drynan & Huffstutter ", + "date": "1964-1970", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CallisonAnthony", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Callison, Anthony", + "comment": "Professional architecct.", + "date": "1932-1988", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReeArnt", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ree, Arnt", + "comment": "Professional builder/contractor.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CloughArt", + 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"http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KliewerPat", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kliewer, Pat", + "comment": "Deschutes County Historic and Cultural Resources Planner.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VanDuynPatriciaC", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Van Duyn, Patricia C.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FureyPatricia", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Furey, Patricia", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DolePhilipC", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dole, Philip C.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/McLellandPhillisCarson", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "McLelland, Phillis Carson", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PlazaDevelopmentInc", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Plaza Development, Inc.", + "comment": "Owner of the Odd Fellows Building, Portland, Oregon.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/InternationalMuseumofCarouselArt", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "International Museum of Carousel Art", + "additionalName": "Portland Carousel Museum (former)", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FaheyQuinn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fahey, Quinn", + "comment": "Land use planner, Parametrix, Inc., Portland, Oregon.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JonesRM", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jones, R. M.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DornignacqRay", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dornignacq, Ray", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollinsRobertsonE", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collins, Robertson E.", + "comment": "Vice chairman of National Trust for Historic Preservation, Southern Oregon Historical Society and the Preservation League of Oregon.", + "additionalName": "Collins, Robbie", + "date": "1921-2003", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PainterSally", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Painter, Sally", + "comment": "Architectural photographer, Portland, Oregon.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BryanStanleyW", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bryan, Stanley W.", + "comment": "University of Oregon Professor of Architecutre.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AskinTimothy", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Askin, Timothy", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GreenTom", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Green, Tom", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PierceTom", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pierce, Tom", + "comment": "Architect, Thomas Pierce Architecture and Interior Design. University of Oregon student of architecutr, 1982-1987.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithTom", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Smith, Tom", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Towne", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Towne", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaydenWallaceS", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hayden, Wallace S.", + "additionalName": "W. S. H.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnstonWilliamB", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Johnston, William B.", + "additionalName": "Johnston, Bill", + "date": "1933-1993", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + + } + ] +} From 57117f5560364da25b6c6b216c50359369d21f0a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Tue, 13 May 2014 08:45:28 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 003/186] add mappings_Bestof --- mappings_Bestof.yml | 65 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 65 insertions(+) create mode 100644 mappings_Bestof.yml diff --git a/mappings_Bestof.yml b/mappings_Bestof.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..59f99d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/mappings_Bestof.yml @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ + rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/terms/" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" + bibo: "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/" + foaf: "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" + geo: "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" + frbr: "http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/" + mads: "http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#" + marcrel: "http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/" + modsrdf: "http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/modsrdf/v1/" + premis: "http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v1#" + oregon: "http://tom.oregonstate.edu/" + vra: “http://purl.org/vra/” + swpo: "http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal#" + schema: "http://schema.org/" + iol: "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/IOLite.owl#" + daia: "http://uri.gbv.de/ontology/daia/" + exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns" + geosp: "http://rdf.geospecies.org/ont/geospecies#" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" + oad: "http://lod.xdams.org/reload/oad/" + nfo: "http://www.semanticdesktop.org/ontologies/2007/03/22/nfo#" + exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns#" + + # + # Bestof + # +title: dct:identifier +additb: dct:identifier +descra: dct:Alternative +descri: dct:description +subjec: dct:subject +names: dct:subject +corpor: dct:subject +covera: dct:subject +sub: dct:subject +temp: dct:subject +creato: dct:creator +data: dct:date +rights: method:rights +reposi: dct:IsPartOf +relati: dct:IsPartOf +collec: dct:IsPartOf +collea: oad:has_findingAid +sourca: dct:source +source: dcterm:source +sourcb: schema:itemCondition +type: mime:type +image: dct:extent +format: dct:format +imagd: exif:width +imagc: exif:height +color: exif:colorSpace +date: oregon:dateDigitized +captur: oregon:conversion_specifications +resolu: exif:resolution +ditigi: method:processing_history (combine with captur) +additi: dct:HasVersion +publis: dct:publisher +digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +digitb: # SKIP +contri: oregon:contributingInstitution From 22344c6759b07a2765ba5c3de3042afdf2a4b16b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Tue, 13 May 2014 08:48:59 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 004/186] add mappings_Ulmann2 --- mappings_Ulmann2.yml | 61 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 61 insertions(+) create mode 100644 mappings_Ulmann2.yml diff --git a/mappings_Ulmann2.yml b/mappings_Ulmann2.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cce51be --- /dev/null +++ b/mappings_Ulmann2.yml @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ + rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/terms/" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" + bibo: "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/" + foaf: "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" + geo: "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" + frbr: "http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/" + mads: "http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#" + marcrel: "http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/" + modsrdf: "http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/modsrdf/v1/" + premis: "http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v1#" + oregon: "http://tom.oregonstate.edu/" + vra: “http://purl.org/vra/” + swpo: "http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal#" + schema: "http://schema.org/" + iol: "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/IOLite.owl#" + daia: "http://uri.gbv.de/ontology/daia/" + exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns" + geosp: "http://rdf.geospecies.org/ont/geospecies#" + lc: "http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects" + ebucore: "http://www.ebu.ch/metadata/ontologies/ebucore/ebucore#" + + + # + # Ulmann2 + # +identi: dct:identifier +title: dct:title +sourca: # SKIP +old: dct:Alternative +descri: dct:description +series: dct:subject +names: dct:subject +corpor: dct:subject +covera:dct:Spatial +lc: dct:subject +subjec: dct:subject +photog: dct:creator +date: dct:date +reposi: dct:IsPartOf +collec: dct:IsPartOf +source: dcterm:IsPartOf +album: dct:IsPartOf +admin: dct:source +type: mime:type +format: dct:format +scan: oregon:conversionSpecifications +metada: # SKIP +catala: # SKIP +catalo: # SKIP +rights: method:rights +proven: dct:provenance +relate: dct:IsVersionOf +bandin: # SKIP +publis: dct:publisher +digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +contri: oregon:contributingInstitution + \ No newline at end of file From 72d13f026d847215c25c0bc3a15b92e1c5004b78 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Tue, 13 May 2014 08:50:25 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 005/186] add mappings_tlegacies --- mappings_tlegacies.yml | 59 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 59 insertions(+) create mode 100644 mappings_tlegacies.yml diff --git a/mappings_tlegacies.yml b/mappings_tlegacies.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..66d0c44 --- /dev/null +++ b/mappings_tlegacies.yml @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ + rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/terms/" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" + bibo: "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/" + foaf: "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" + geo: "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" + frbr: "http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/" + mads: "http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#" + marcrel: "http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/" + modsrdf: "http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/modsrdf/v1/" + premis: "http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v1#" + oregon: "http://tom.oregonstate.edu/" + vra: “http://purl.org/vra/” + swpo: "http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal#" + schema: "http://schema.org/" + iol: "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/IOLite.owl#" + daia: "http://uri.gbv.de/ontology/daia/" + exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns" + geosp: "http://rdf.geospecies.org/ont/geospecies#" + oo: "http://purl.org/openorg/" + lc: "http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects" + oad: "http://lod.xdams.org/reload/oad/" + + # + # tlegacies + # +title: dct:title +altern: dct:Alternative +creato: dct:creator +cultur: vra:culture +organi: dct:description +date: dct:Temporal +time: dct:Temporal +langua: method: iso_language +lc: dct:subject +subjec: dct:subject +descri: dct:description +descra: dct:description +geogra: dct:Spatial +work: vra:workType +type: mime:type +format: dct:format +reposi: dct:IsPartOf +identi: dct:identifier +size: dct:description +number: dct:description +nwda: oad:has_findingAid +additi: # SKIP +rights: method:rights +catala: # SKIP +repres: # SKIP +publis: dct:publisher +catalo: # SKIP +metada: # SKIP +digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +contri: oregon:contributingInstitution \ No newline at end of file From b1d1950d7dc699e17a81ff78072e4d6959d5edb4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Tue, 13 May 2014 08:51:16 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 006/186] add mappings_wwdl --- mappings_wwdl.yml | 75 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 75 insertions(+) create mode 100644 mappings_wwdl.yml diff --git a/mappings_wwdl.yml b/mappings_wwdl.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9e74094 --- /dev/null +++ b/mappings_wwdl.yml @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ + rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/terms/" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" + bibo: "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/" + foaf: "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" + geo: "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" + frbr: "http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/" + mads: "http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#" + marcrel: "http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/" + modsrdf: "http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/modsrdf/v1/" + premis: "http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v1#" + oregon: "http://tom.oregonstate.edu/" + vra: “http://purl.org/vra/” + swpo: "http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal#" + schema: "http://schema.org/" + iol: "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/IOLite.owl#" + daia: "http://uri.gbv.de/ontology/daia/" + exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns" + geosp: "http://rdf.geospecies.org/ont/geospecies#" + + # + # wwdl + # +identi: dct:identifier +title: dct:title +book: dct:isPartOf +titla: dct:alternative +descri: dct:description +pagina: schema:numberOfPages +citati: schema:citation +subjec: dct:subject +lc: dct:subject +people: dct:subject +corpor: dct:subject +place: dct:subject +genre: rdag1:formOfWork +author: mrel:aut +photog: mrel:pht +cartog: mrel:ctg +illust: mrel:ill +creato: dct:contributor +previo: # SKIP (in the citation) +date: dct:issued +covera: dct:Temporal +publis: dct: publisher +datedi: oregon:dateDigitized +rights: method: rights +reposi: dct:isPartOf +relati: dct:isPartOf +collec: dct:isPartOf +additi: dct:HasVersion +addita: dct:HasVersion +langua: method: iso_language +type: mime:type +format: dct:format +captur: oregon:conversionSpecifications +file: rdag1:fileSize +image: exif:width +imaga: exif:height +color: exif:colorSpace +resolu: exif:resolution +digita: # SKIP +metada: # SKIP +imagb: # SKIP +imagc: # SKIP +full: oregon:fullText +link: dct:relation +contra: oregon:contributingInstitution +catalo: # SKIP +load: # SKIP +digitb: oregon:isPartOf/set +fulla: oregon: #TBD; full PDFs download \ No newline at end of file From ce3558037f2fa7b866e8e79cb44347b3e66ed94d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Tue, 13 May 2014 08:52:03 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 007/186] add mapping_oimb --- mappings_oimb.yml | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 35 insertions(+) create mode 100644 mappings_oimb.yml diff --git a/mappings_oimb.yml b/mappings_oimb.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8aa515b --- /dev/null +++ b/mappings_oimb.yml @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +dct: "http://purl.org/dc/terms/" +dct: "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" +dct: "http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/" +oregon: "http://tom.oregonstate.edu/" + +# +# oimb +# + +title: dct:identifier +subjec: dct:title +source: daia:label +subjec: dct:subject +sub: dct:subject +phlyum: dwc:phlyum +class: dwc:class +suba: dwc:genus +suba: dwc:species +common: dwc:vernacularName +descri: dct:description +covra: dct:Spatial +creato: dct:creator +id: dwc:identificationVerificationStatus +slide: # SKIP +date: dct:date +catalo: # SKIP +local: dct:IsPartOf +type: mime:type +format: dct:format +identi: dct:identifier +rights: method:rights +digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +sourca: # SKIP +contri: oregon:contributingInstitution + From d6fea86a8f6c2395a7f92b56d6dcf09403834f42 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Tue, 13 May 2014 08:53:44 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 008/186] add mapping_ode --- mappings_ode.yml | 46 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 46 insertions(+) create mode 100644 mappings_ode.yml diff --git a/mappings_ode.yml b/mappings_ode.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dc951b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/mappings_ode.yml @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ + rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/terms/" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" + bibo: "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/" + foaf: "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" + geo: "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" + frbr: "http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/" + mads: "http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#" + marcrel: "http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/" + modsrdf: "http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/modsrdf/v1/" + premis: "http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v1#" + oregon: "http://tom.oregonstate.edu/" + vra: “http://purl.org/vra/” + swpo: "http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal#" + schema: "http://schema.org/" + iol: "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/IOLite.owl#" + daia: "http://uri.gbv.de/ontology/daia/" + exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns" + geosp: "http://rdf.geospecies.org/ont/geospecies#" + + + # + # ode + # +title: dct:title +date: date:published +volume: swpo:isVolume +issue: swpo:hasNumber +editio: dct:title +notes: modsref:note +descri: dct:description +contri: schema:editor +type: mime:type +format: dct:format +identi: dct:identifier +langua: method: iso_language +relati: dct:relation +rights: method:rights +full: oregon:fullText +metada: # SKIP +digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +ambros: # SKIP +contri: oregon:contributingInstitution \ No newline at end of file From fb7fcf64606367f0dca9cbda949485f9bdbbffc7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Tue, 13 May 2014 08:56:48 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 009/186] add mapping_jasr --- mappings_jasr.yml | 55 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 55 insertions(+) create mode 100644 mappings_jasr.yml diff --git a/mappings_jasr.yml b/mappings_jasr.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..036c6ae --- /dev/null +++ b/mappings_jasr.yml @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ + rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/terms/" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" + bibo: "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/" + foaf: "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" + geo: "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" + frbr: "http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/" + mads: "http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#" + marcrel: "http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/" + modsrdf: "http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/modsrdf/v1/" + premis: "http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v1#" + oregon: "http://tom.oregonstate.edu/" + vra: “http://purl.org/vra/” + swpo: "http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal#" + schema: "http://schema.org/" + iol: "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/IOLite.owl#" + daia: "http://uri.gbv.de/ontology/daia/" + exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns" + geosp: "http://rdf.geospecies.org/ont/geospecies#" + + # + # jasr + # +title: dct:isPartOf +covera: dct:temporal +datea: # SKIP +subjec: dct:subject +corpor: dct:subject +creato: dct:creator +publis: dct:publisher +date: dc:date +type: mime:type +format: dct:format +identi: dct:identifier +source: daia:label +langua: method: iso_language +collec: dct:IsPartOf +collea: dct:IsPartOf +collea: oad:has_findingAid +box: dct:isPartOf +folder: dct:isPartOf +rights: method: rights +full: oregon:fullText +datedi: oregon:dateDigitized +proces: oregon:conversionSpecifications +metada: # SKIP +imagb: # SKIP +catalo: # SKIP +ambros: # SKIP +digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +contri: oregon:contributingInstitution +fulla: oregon: #TBD; full PDFs download, in jasr folder ready to go From 313374e96e2d6f04a6bca5383394df52c9fdc486 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Tue, 13 May 2014 08:57:49 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 010/186] add mapping_diss --- mappings_diss.yml | 53 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 53 insertions(+) create mode 100644 mappings_diss.yml diff --git a/mappings_diss.yml b/mappings_diss.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9cbd278 --- /dev/null +++ b/mappings_diss.yml @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ + rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/terms/" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" + bibo: "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/" + foaf: "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" + geo: "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" + frbr: "http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/" + mads: "http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#" + marcrel: "http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/" + modsrdf: "http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/modsrdf/v1/" + premis: "http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v1#" + oregon: "http://tom.oregonstate.edu/" + vra: “http://purl.org/vra/” + swpo: "http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal#" + schema: "http://schema.org/" + iol: "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/IOLite.owl#" + daia: "http://uri.gbv.de/ontology/daia/" + exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns" + geosp: "http://rdf.geospecies.org/ont/geospecies#" + + # + # diss + # +title: dct:title +creato: dct:creator +subjec: dct:subject +descri: dct:description +subjea: dct:subject +descra: dct:description +journa: swpo:containedInJournal +relati: schema:citation +publis: dct:publisher +contri: dct:contributor +date: dct:issued +type: mime:type +format: dct:format +identi: dct:identifier +data: oregon:dateDigitized +source: daia:label +langua: method: iso_language +rights: method: rights +proces: oregon:conversionSpecifications +notes: modsref:note +metada: # SKIP +image: # SKIP +ambros: # SKIP +catalo: # SKIP +digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +full: oregon:full +contra: oregon:contributingInstitution \ No newline at end of file From d628c2248bbbe7020232b1d6b182471e195bad24 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Tue, 13 May 2014 09:32:33 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 011/186] added diss names --- names.jsonld | 276 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 276 insertions(+) diff --git a/names.jsonld b/names.jsonld index c9157ac..0a2b59c 100644 --- a/names.jsonld +++ b/names.jsonld @@ -21019,6 +21019,282 @@ } }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AzamM", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Azam, M.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BarkworthThomas", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Barkworth, Thomas.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BarrettWF", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Barrett, W.F.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BorutP", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Borut, P.", + "additionalName": "Borut, Prosper F.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BourruH", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bourru, H.", + "additionalName": "Bourru, Henri", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BrowneJC", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Browne, J.C.", + "additionalName": "Browne, J. Crichton", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BurnettSGrover", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Burnett, S. Grover.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CoulsonTS", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Coulson, T.S.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DufayM", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dufay, M.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaverEE", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gaver, E. E.", + "additionalName": "Graver, Earl E.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MayerEdwardE", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mayer, Edward E.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MyersAT", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Myers, A. T.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PriceGE", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Price, G. E.", + "additionalName": "Price, George E.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SturgisMG", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sturgis, M.G.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TrowbridgeGR", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Trowbridge, G.R.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TuckerJamesI", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-12", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tucker, James I.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, } From 219eb86930e39ded72059a8f70b3ccded4a63534 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Tue, 13 May 2014 09:43:34 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 012/186] added corporate names for jasr --- names.jsonld | 1397 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 1397 insertions(+) diff --git a/names.jsonld b/names.jsonld index 0a2b59c..7251446 100644 --- a/names.jsonld +++ b/names.jsonld @@ -21296,6 +21296,1403 @@ } }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AfroAmericanCouncilonHigherEducation", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Afro-American Council on Higher Education", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChristianWorldLiberationFront", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Christian World Liberation Front", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CitizensforLawandDecency", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Citizens for Law and Decency", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ColumbiaUniversityCoxCommission", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Columbia University. 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N. Teal (Steamship)", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OWWatsonCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "O. W. Watson Company", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SelkirkSteamship", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Selkirk (Steamship)", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VistaHouseOregon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Vista House, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WaddellHarrington", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Waddell & Harrington", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/McIndoeJF", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "McIndoe, J. F.", + "comment": "Major, Army Core of Engineers", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TroupJW", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Troup, J. W.", + "comment": "Captain of a Colombia River steamship", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + From c2ec3a635293af866660b551ff813874967daeba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Tue, 13 May 2014 13:34:32 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 014/186] photog: oregon: cco/viewDate edited photog: oregon: cco/viewDate --- mappings_archpnw.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/mappings_archpnw.yml b/mappings_archpnw.yml index 809ae1c..bc3d71c 100644 --- a/mappings_archpnw.yml +++ b/mappings_archpnw.yml @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ county: method: geographic state: method: geographic countr: method: geographic site: dct:coverage # may need a custom field or to cleanup and map out -photog: method: original_format_date # what is the method? +photog: oregon: cco/viewDate photoa: marcrel: pht catalo: SKIP object: vra:workType From 4bb892f336f08be0e585fb6a35236e0ee814e9f3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Tue, 13 May 2014 14:17:47 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 015/186] data: oregon:cco/viewDate edited data: oregon:cco/viewDate for date of photo --- mappings_Bestof.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/mappings_Bestof.yml b/mappings_Bestof.yml index 59f99d0..361290d 100644 --- a/mappings_Bestof.yml +++ b/mappings_Bestof.yml @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ covera: dct:subject sub: dct:subject temp: dct:subject creato: dct:creator -data: dct:date +data: oregon:cco/viewDate rights: method:rights reposi: dct:IsPartOf relati: dct:IsPartOf From c97a31f1a54e1cfff11571936afb757502967db5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Tue, 13 May 2014 15:19:38 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 016/186] typo fix changed conversion_specification to conversionSpecification --- mappings_Bestof.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/mappings_Bestof.yml b/mappings_Bestof.yml index 361290d..e576971 100644 --- a/mappings_Bestof.yml +++ b/mappings_Bestof.yml @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ imagd: exif:width imagc: exif:height color: exif:colorSpace date: oregon:dateDigitized -captur: oregon:conversion_specifications +captur: oregon:conversionSpecification resolu: exif:resolution ditigi: method:processing_history (combine with captur) additi: dct:HasVersion From 30e22273a561016405c9ce629f4203d8b49d41a7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Wed, 14 May 2014 08:54:29 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 017/186] fixes changed dcterms to dct and date to dct:date instead of method:date --- mappings_archpnw.yml | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_archpnw.yml b/mappings_archpnw.yml index bc3d71c..2b99afb 100644 --- a/mappings_archpnw.yml +++ b/mappings_archpnw.yml @@ -24,13 +24,13 @@ # # archpnw # -title: dcterms:title +title: dct:title view: oregon:cco/viewDescription varian: dct:alternative relate: dct:isPartOf creato: oregon:cco/creatorDisplay creata: dct:creator -date: method:date +date: dct:date covra: dct:temporal city: method: geographic county: method: geographic From 5600f9d2e30cb91bacea68e203fdb8cbc5b1a012 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Wed, 14 May 2014 09:02:40 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 018/186] fixes dcterm to dct for source --- mappings_Bestof.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/mappings_Bestof.yml b/mappings_Bestof.yml index e576971..cd753f2 100644 --- a/mappings_Bestof.yml +++ b/mappings_Bestof.yml @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ relati: dct:IsPartOf collec: dct:IsPartOf collea: oad:has_findingAid sourca: dct:source -source: dcterm:source +source: dct:source sourcb: schema:itemCondition type: mime:type image: dct:extent From 51b26e74a5ad4b8f0fa32df7542acaa7fc5a08c9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Wed, 14 May 2014 09:19:22 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 019/186] fixes changed dc: to dct: in folder: --- mappings_jasr.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/mappings_jasr.yml b/mappings_jasr.yml index 036c6ae..cfd36c9 100644 --- a/mappings_jasr.yml +++ b/mappings_jasr.yml @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ subjec: dct:subject corpor: dct:subject creato: dct:creator publis: dct:publisher -date: dc:date +date: dct:date type: mime:type format: dct:format identi: dct:identifier From 73149a261b9ef83d999d792e4da6ff0c451f7c2d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Wed, 14 May 2014 09:35:06 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 020/186] fixes captur: oregon:conversionSpecification to captur: oregon:conversionSpecifications --- mappings_Bestof.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/mappings_Bestof.yml b/mappings_Bestof.yml index cd753f2..761259b 100644 --- a/mappings_Bestof.yml +++ b/mappings_Bestof.yml @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ imagd: exif:width imagc: exif:height color: exif:colorSpace date: oregon:dateDigitized -captur: oregon:conversionSpecification +captur: oregon:conversionSpecifications resolu: exif:resolution ditigi: method:processing_history (combine with captur) additi: dct:HasVersion From 5d133798501de9b7f51a8544d23c937ecb1856ed Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Thu, 15 May 2014 08:57:37 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 021/186] added wwdl terms --- terms.jsonld | 47 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 38 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) diff --git a/terms.jsonld b/terms.jsonld index 74e4c65..0776540 100644 --- a/terms.jsonld +++ b/terms.jsonld @@ -19,7 +19,9 @@ "Organization": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Organization", "Concept": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept", "@language": "en", - "Organization": "http://schema.org/Organization" + "Monument": "http://www.ontotext.com/proton/protonext#Monument", + "Facility": "http://www.ontotext.com/proton/protonext#Facility" + }, "@graph": [ { @@ -59,27 +61,54 @@ # term template end { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IntentionalCommunities", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/intentionalCommunities", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, - "subPropertyOf": "Organization", "issued": { "@value": "2014-05-12", "@type": "date" }, "label": "Intentional Communities", - "comment": "Intentional communities are planned residential communities designed from the start to have a high degree of social cohesion and teamwork. The members of an intentional community typically hold a common social, political, religious, or spiritual vision and often follow an alternative lifestyle.", + "comment": "Planned residential communities designed from the start to have a high degree of social cohesion and teamwork. The members of an intentional community typically hold a common social, political, religious, or spiritual vision and often follow an alternative lifestyle.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-12", - "@type": "date" + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date", + } + "domain": { + "@id": "Agent" + } + "range": { + "@id": "Organization" + } } }, + - - - + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/trevittMonumentMemalooseIsland", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Trevitt Monument (Memaloose Island)", + "comment": "Obelisk and base on Memaloose Island in the Columbia River east of Hood River that marks the grave of a local pioneer named Victor Trevitt.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + }, + "domain": { + "@id": "Facility" + }, + "range": { + "@id": "Monument" + } + }, } ] From e8d88b5dbab089b52487fe08f171d7b7f0bb83c5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Thu, 15 May 2014 12:41:23 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 022/186] add names from Ulmann2 --- names.jsonld | 3074 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 3074 insertions(+) diff --git a/names.jsonld b/names.jsonld index e95d3b2..3c2ab81 100644 --- a/names.jsonld +++ b/names.jsonld @@ -23271,6 +23271,3080 @@ } }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChaseAshley", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chase, Ashley", + "comment": "Editor in Chief of the Oregon Daily Emerald.", + "date": "active 2008-2009", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CrumpJake", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Crump, Jake", + "comment": "Editor in Chief of the Oregon Daily Emerald.", + "date": "active 2013", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GrasgreenAllie", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Grasgreen, Allie", + "comment": "Editor in Chief of the Oregon Daily Emerald.", + "date": "active 2009-2010", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HarrisTyree", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Harris, Tyree", + "comment": "Editor in Chief of the Oregon Daily Emerald.", + "date": "active 2011-2012", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HowellParker", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Howell, Parker", + "comment": "Editor in Chief of the Oregon Daily Emerald.", + "date": "active 2005-2006", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KnutsonRyan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Knutson, Ryan", + "comment": "Editor in Chief of the Oregon Daily Emerald.", + "date": "active 2006-2007", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PowersLaura", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Powers, Laura", + "comment": "Editor in Chief of the Oregon Daily Emerald.", + "date": "active 2007-2008", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RossbackAndy", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Rossback, Andy", + "comment": "Editor in Chief of the Oregon Daily Emerald.", + "date": "active 2012-2013", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SimonNora", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Simon, Nora", + "comment": "Editor in Chief of the Oregon Daily Emerald.", + "date": "active 2010-2011", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StitesSam", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Stites, Sam", + "comment": "Editor in Chief of the Oregon Daily Emerald.", + "date": "active 2013-2014", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AdamsMrsBirdPotter", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Adams, Mrs. Bird Potter", + "comment": "Berea, Kentucky", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AllenCharlesWesley", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Allen, Charles Wesley", + "comment": "Blacksmith, Berea, Kentucky", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AmbergyJethro", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ambergy, Jethro", + "comment": "Dulcimer maker, Hindman, Kentucky", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Andersonfamily", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Anderson family", + "comment": "Family from Berea, Kentucky. Members include Sarah Owen and Ned Anderson", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndersonJohn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Anderson, John", + "comment": "Farmer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndersonMary", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Anderson, Mary", + "comment": "Weaver and spinner, Berea, Kentucky", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndersonMs", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Anderson, Ms.", + "comment": "Bug Hill, Kentucky", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndersonNed", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Anderson, Ned", + "comment": "Berea, Kentucky", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndersonSarahOwen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Anderson, Sarah Owen", + "comment": "Berea, Kentucky", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BairdWilliamJesse", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Baird, William Jesse", + "comment": "Dean of Berea College, Berea, Kentucky", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BakerDrAllison", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Baker, Dr. Allison", + "comment": "Berea College graduate, class of 1898", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BartonNick", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Barton, Nick", + "comment": "Berea, Kentucky. 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E.", + "comment": "Potter, Bybee, Kentucky", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WelsterElla", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Welster, Ella", + "comment": "African-American singer, Berea, Kentucky and Murphy, North Carolina", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Willmottfamily", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Willmott family", + "comment": "Family from Berea, Kentucky. Members include Marie Wilmott (spinner, weaver and quilter)and Annabelle Wilmott", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WillmottAnnabelle", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Willmott, Annabelle", + "comment": "Quilter, Berea, Kentucky", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WillmottMary", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Willmott, Mary", + "comment": "Spinner, weaver and quilter, Berea, Kentucky. Possilby the same person as Marie Wilmott of the Wilmott family", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WoodMrsCU", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wood, Mrs. C.U.", + "comment": "Leader of a spread making enterprise, Dalton, Georgia", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WyattSU", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wyatt, S.U.", + "comment": "Weaver, dyer and spinner, Berea, Kentucky", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + From 7113f916800ab3e02026d9895bda876c6e6241fd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Thu, 15 May 2014 12:48:27 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 023/186] added themes Ulmann2 --- terms.jsonld | 94 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 80 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-) diff --git a/terms.jsonld b/terms.jsonld index 0776540..2e38edb 100644 --- a/terms.jsonld +++ b/terms.jsonld @@ -73,15 +73,10 @@ "label": "Intentional Communities", "comment": "Planned residential communities designed from the start to have a high degree of social cohesion and teamwork. The members of an intentional community typically hold a common social, political, religious, or spiritual vision and often follow an alternative lifestyle.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@value": "2014-05-15", "@type": "date", } - "domain": { - "@id": "Agent" - } - "range": { - "@id": "Organization" - } + } }, @@ -99,17 +94,88 @@ "label": "Trevitt Monument (Memaloose Island)", "comment": "Obelisk and base on Memaloose Island in the Columbia River east of Hood River that marks the grave of a local pioneer named Victor Trevitt.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@value": "2014-05-15", "@type": "date" }, - "domain": { - "@id": "Facility" - }, - "range": { - "@id": "Monument" - } + }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BereaCollegecraftsmen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Berea College, craftsmen", + "comment": "Male artisans connected, either through employment or study, with Berea College in Berea, Kentucky", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BereaCollegecraftswomen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Berea College, craftswomen", + "comment": "Female artisans connected, either through employment or study, with Berea College in Berea, Kentucky", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ruralportraits", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Rural portraits", + "comment": "Portraits taken in settings pertaining to the country and/or of people living or raised in the country, generally emphasizing living conditions, social customs, costume or crafts", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ruralscenes", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Rural scenes", + "comment": "A view of a country setting", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + + + } ] } From ffbda7f450a92781a7541837d364b7dd775be55f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Thu, 15 May 2014 12:54:59 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 024/186] add name from Ulmann2 subj terms --- names.jsonld | 18 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+) diff --git a/names.jsonld b/names.jsonld index 3c2ab81..f9ae873 100644 --- a/names.jsonld +++ b/names.jsonld @@ -25965,6 +25965,24 @@ } }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Stilesfamily", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Stiles family", + "comment": "Family from Ringgold, Georgia. Members include Ethel May Stiles and her daughters Frances Stiles and Wilma Stiles", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StilesEthelMay", "@type": "Property", From acfb3e9d99305b765dc5bbf9c0f11128fa33e379 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Thu, 15 May 2014 13:06:43 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 025/186] added subjs from Ulmann2 --- terms.jsonld | 73 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 73 insertions(+) diff --git a/terms.jsonld b/terms.jsonld index 2e38edb..5466793 100644 --- a/terms.jsonld +++ b/terms.jsonld @@ -172,6 +172,79 @@ } }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bereastudents", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Berea students", + "comment": "Students attending or having attended Berea College in Berea, Kentucky", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OldTimersDay", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Old Timer's Day", + "comment": "A day presumably celebrating the older citizens of Brasstown, North Carolina", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HomeplaceKentucky", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Homeplace, Kentucky", + "comment": "An unidentified town in rural Kentucky", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BugHillKentucky", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bug Hill, Kentucky", + "comment": "An unidentified town in rural Kentucky", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + From 88830604522e067096e03cffc24c81c5fd4acb99 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Fri, 16 May 2014 10:55:45 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 026/186] added corporateNames for Bestof --- names.jsonld | 1004 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 1004 insertions(+) diff --git a/names.jsonld b/names.jsonld index f9ae873..4c45679 100644 --- a/names.jsonld +++ b/names.jsonld @@ -26361,9 +26361,1013 @@ } }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AlaskaCentralRailyardCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Alaska Central Railyard Company", + "comment": "Railroad depot and offices for the Alaska Central Line, Alaska", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AlderTheaterPortlandOregon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Alder Theater (Portland, Oregon)", + "comment": "Movie house in Portland, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AlpineMarket", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Alpine Market", + "comment": "Grocery store in Alpine, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AlpineStore", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Alpine Store", + "comment": "General store and post office in Alpine, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AlpineTavern", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Alpine Tavern", + "comment": "Restaurant in Alpine, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AngelusStudio", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Angelus Studio", + "comment": "Professional photographic company located in Portland, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AustralianSteamship", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Australian (Steamship)", + "comment": "The SS Australian was a steam powered sternwheel riverboat that sailed the Yukon River in the late 19th century.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BotsfordCompanyDairy", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Botsford Company Dairy", + "comment": "Pacific northwest dairy farm company", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BroadwayTheatrePortlandOregon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Broadway Theatre (Portland, Oregon)", + "comment": "Movie house in Portland, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CityandSuburbanRailyardCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "City and Suburban Railyard Company", + "comment": "Portland, Oregon streetcar company. It acquired the Willamette Bridge Railyard., Transcontinental St. Railyard. and Waverly-Woodstock Electric Railyard in the 1890s-1900s to form the largest street railway company west of the Mississippi River. It later became the Portland Consolidated Railway.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ClydeEquipmentCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Clyde Equipment Company", + "comment": "Portland, Oregon manufacturer and provider of heavy machinery", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CoffeeCupRestaurant", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Coffee Cup (Restaurant)", + "comment": "Restaurant in Sandy, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CountryCuzzinsCarWash", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Country Cuzzins Car Wash", + "comment": "Car wash in Alpine, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FloraLoggingCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Flora Logging Company", + "comment": "Logging compnay that ran operation in the Yamhill, Tillamook, and Washington counties of Oregon. It used this name between 1923 and 1940. Previously it was the Carlton Consolidated Lumber Company.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GelatineAirship", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gelatine (Airship)", + "comment": "A dirigible ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GleanerNoraSophiaSteamship", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gleaner Nora Sophia (Steamship)", + "comment": "The SS Gleaner Nora Sophia was a steam powered sternwheel riverboat that sailed the Yukon River in the late 19th century.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HawaiiRapidTransitandLightCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hawaii Rapid Transit and Light Company", + "comment": "Streetcar compnay in Hawaii", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HillcrestJerseyStockFarm", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hillcrest Jersey Stock Farm", + "comment": "Stock and dairy farm in Sandy, Oregon.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HollywoodTheatrePortlandOregon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hollywood Theatre (Portland, Oregon)", + "comment": "Movie house in Portland, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HotelSeasideSeasideOregon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hotel Seaside (Seaside, Oregon)", + "comment": "A hotel in Sewaside, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoustonBattleship", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Houston (Battleship)", + "comment": "United States naval ship that participated in World War Two. Possibly CA-30 or CL-81", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MearsMeatMarketandGrocery", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mears Meat Market and Grocery", + "comment": "A grocery store located on 92nd Street in Portland Oregon.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorningOregonian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Morning Oregonian", + "comment": "Portland, Oregon newspaper", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NewellBudgetRailyardCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Newell Budget Railyard Company", + "comment": "Streetcar company that operated in Ohio", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NorthwestSteelCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Northwest Steel Company", + "comment": "Shipyard in Portland, Oregon that operated between 1917 and 1921.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NorthwesternNationalBank", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Northwestern National Bank", + "comment": "Bank in Portland, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OddfellowsHallAlpineOregon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Oddfellows Hall (Alpine, Oregon)", + "comment": "Lodge hall of the fraternal organization known as the Oddfellow, in Alpine Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OregonBuildingCongress", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Oregon Building Congress", + "comment": "Group for educators and businesses partnered to develop apprenticeship training programs and standards for the construction industry in Oregon.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OregonElectricCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Oregon Electric Company", + "comment": "Streetcar company that operated in Forest Grove and Eugene, Oregon.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OregonWaterPowerandRailroadCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Oregon Water Power & Railroad Company", + "comment": "Streetcar company that operated in Portland, Oregon. Formerly known as the ast Side Railway Company, and the Portland City & Oregon Railway. It later merged with Portland Railway to tform the Portland Railway, Light and Power Company", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OrientalTheaterPortlandOregon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Oriental Theater (Portland, Oregon)", + "comment": "Movie house and theater in Portland, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PacificProtectiveSociety", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pacific Protective Society", + "comment": "Charity that supported orphanages, services for women and girls, and homes for unmarried mothers in Portland, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PalaceHotelEugeneOregon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Palace Hotel (Eugene, Oregon)", + "comment": "A hotel built in 1903, also knowns as the Lane Hotel, the Griggs Hotel and the Hotel Gross, located at 488 Willamette Street in Eugene, Oregon.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PantagesTheaterPortlandOregon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pantages Theater (Portland, Oregon)", + "comment": "Vaudeville theater in Portland, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PerkinsHotelPortlandOregon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Perkins Hotel (Portland, Oregon)", + "comment": "A hotel built by Justus F. Krumbein in 1890-1891, located at Northwest Washington Avenue and Northwest 6th Street, in Portland, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PittockStationPortlandOregon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pittock Station (Portland, Oregon)", + "comment": "Steam powered electic station in Portland, Oregon. Part of the Northwester Electric Company.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PlaymanBilliardParlor", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Playman Billiard Parlor", + "comment": "Billiard hall", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PortlandandVancouverRailRoadFerryCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Portland and Vancouver Rail Road Ferry Company", + "comment": "Railroad and Ferry compnay running between Portland, Oregon and Vancouver, British Columbia", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PortlandBusinessShowPortlandOregon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Portland Business Show (Portland, Oregon)", + "comment": "Trade show for city of Portland, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReliefHospitalshipAH", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Relief (Hospital ship : AH)", + "comment": "USS Relief was a naval hospital ship 1917-1946.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RogueRiverValleyRailwayCo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Rogue River Valley Railway Co.", + "comment": "Railroad connecting Medford and Jacksonville, Oregon. It ran bewteen 1891 and 1915, when it was bought by the Southern Oregon Traction Company.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SaintVincentdePaulSocietyPortlandOregon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Saint Vincent de Paul Society (Portland, Oregon)", + "comment": "Portland, Oregon office of the Society of St. Vincent de Paul charity founded by Frederic Ozanam.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SimpsonChapelAlpineOregon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Simpson Chapel (Alpine, Oregon)", + "comment": "Church in Alpine, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StateBoardofVocationalEducationOregon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "State Board of Vocational Education (Oregon)", + "comment": "State of Oregon board governing vocational education", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SteigerwaldDairyPortlandOregon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Steigerwald Dairy (Portland, Oregon)", + "comment": "Dairy company in Portland, Oregon, 1926-1936", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunshineDivision", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sunshine Division", + "comment": "United States Army 40th Infantry Division", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UmatillaImplementCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Umatilla Implement Company", + "comment": "Pendleton, Oregon company", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UnitedStatesPostOfficeAlpineOregon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "United States Post Office (Alpine, Oregon)", + "comment": "Post office located within the Alpine Store of Alpine, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VirginiaandTruckeeRailway", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Virginia and Truckee Railway", + "comment": "Railroad from Reno to Carson City, Nevada. It ran from 1890-1950", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WHMcMoniesandCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "W.H. McMonies and Company", + "comment": "Harness company in Portland, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WestCoastShowInc", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "West Coast Show, Inc.", + "comment": "Carnival or side show operating in the western United States", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WestcoastEngravingCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Westcoast Engraving Company", + "comment": "Portland, Oregon printing compnay", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WesternCometCruiseship", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Western Comet (Cruise ship)", + "comment": "The USS Western Comet was a United States Navy cargo ship, ID-3569, built by the Northwest Steel Company in Portland, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhitneyCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Whitney Company", + "comment": "Lumber company operating in Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WillametteStreetEugeneOregon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Willamette Street (Eugene, Oregon)", + "comment": "Street in Eugene, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WillametteValleyRailwayCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Willamette Valley Railway Company", + "comment": "Short line railroad in the Willamette Valley, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, From 384b3d54a7525f7457a3d70bf30bf811f3cc941c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Fri, 16 May 2014 12:53:31 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 027/186] added names to Bestof --- names.jsonld | 1733 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 1733 insertions(+) diff --git a/names.jsonld b/names.jsonld index 4c45679..5faba0f 100644 --- a/names.jsonld +++ b/names.jsonld @@ -27369,6 +27369,1739 @@ } }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Alexander", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Alexander", + "comment": "Yakima man photographed by Lee Moorhouse in 1900", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AllenAlice", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Allen, Alice", + "comment": "Native Maerican girl from Wainwright, Alaska", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AltlookAnnie", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Altlook, Annie", + "comment": "Native Maerican girl from Wainwright, Alaska", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AlveyAlexis", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Alvey, Alexis", + "comment": "Native Maerican girl from Wainwright, Alaska", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AmblerJerry", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ambler, Jerry", + "comment": "Cowboy and rodeo rider", + "modified": { + "@value": 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riden in the Pendelton Roundup, Pendleton, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WarEagleJohn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "War Eagle, John", + "comment": "Native American actor who appeared in the movie The Great Sioux Uprising", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WarnerMurray", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Warner, Murray", + "comment": "Husband of Gertrude Bass Warner. A graduate of Exeter Academy, held a degree from MIT and went to China to establish the engineering department of the American Trading Company.", + "date": "1869-1920", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilsonHomer", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wilson, Homer", + "comment": "Cowboy and rodeo rider", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WringerHorse", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wringer (Horse)", + "comment": "Horse riden in the Pendelton Roundup, Pendleton, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + } From 6b15cad1524d381aafd2d0852e741f0a63ec2c14 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Fri, 16 May 2014 13:00:30 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 028/186] added photographers from Bestof --- names.jsonld | 379 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 379 insertions(+) diff --git a/names.jsonld b/names.jsonld index 5faba0f..533cb1e 100644 --- a/names.jsonld +++ b/names.jsonld @@ -29101,6 +29101,385 @@ } }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AllenOG", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Allen, O. G.", + "comment": "Photographer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BauguessJohn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bauguess, John", + "comment": "Photographer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Cantwell", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cantwell", + "comment": "Photographer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Davies", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Davies", + "comment": "Photographer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Dennis", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dennis", + "comment": "Photographer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DoubledayRalphRussell", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Doubleday, Ralph Russell", + "comment": "Photographer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Fastland", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fastland", + "comment": "Photographer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GWC", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "GWC", + "comment": "Photographer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HeggEA", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hegg, E. A.", + "comment": "Photographer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JEW", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "J.E.W.", + "comment": "Photographer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Marcell", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Marcell", + "comment": "Photographer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MarcellofCalgary", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Marcell of Calgary", + "comment": "Photographer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MillerPhotoCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Miller Photo Company", + "comment": "Photographer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MooreC", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moore, C.", + "comment": "Photographer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PowellDan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Powell, Dan", + "comment": "Photographer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ross-PaulLaura", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ross-Paul, Laura", + "comment": "Photographer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SavageCharlesD", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Savage, Charles D.", + "comment": "Photographer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TakagiT", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Takagi, T.", + "comment": "Photographer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ThePhotoShopStudio", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "The Photo Shop Studio", + "comment": "Photographer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhittakerWC", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Whittaker, W. C.", + "comment": "Photographer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WulzenAlbertHenry", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wulzen, Albert Henry", + "comment": "Photographer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + From 4df01512864b1dfd1ec0bf74b195a8ecf96c1569 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Fri, 16 May 2014 13:53:57 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 029/186] added genre to Bestof --- terms.jsonld | 251 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 251 insertions(+) diff --git a/terms.jsonld b/terms.jsonld index 5466793..311da24 100644 --- a/terms.jsonld +++ b/terms.jsonld @@ -244,6 +244,257 @@ } }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/candidportraits", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "candid portraits", + "comment": "Portraits with subjects unposed", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/indoorcandidportraits", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "indoor candid portraits", + "comment": "Portraits taken inside with subjects unposed", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/indoorphotographs", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "indoor photographs", + "comment": "Photographs taken inside", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/indoorportraits", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "indoor portraits", + "comment": "Portraits taken inside", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/indoorstudioportraits", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "indoor studio portraits", + "comment": "Portraits taken in an interior studio setting", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/interiors", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "interiors", + "comment": "Photos of interior spaces that may or may not include figures", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/candidoutdoors", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "outdoor candid photographs", + "comment": "Photographs taken outside with subjects unposed", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/outdoorcandidportraits", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "outdoor candid portraits", + "comment": "Portraits taken outside with subjects unposed", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/outdoorfamilyportraits", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "outdoor family portraits", + "comment": "Portraits taken outside of a family group", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/outdoorphotographs", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "outdoor photographs", + "comment": "Photographs taken outside", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/outdoorportrait", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "outdoor portrait", + "comment": "Portraits taken outside", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/outdoorstudioportraits", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "outdoor studio portraits", + "comment": "Portraits taken in an outdoor studio setting", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/portraitphotographs", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "portrait photographs", + "comment": "Photographic portraits", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/studiophotographs", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "studio photographs", + "comment": "Photographs taken in a studio setting", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, From 4f79f3863f77166b393dd21659ef418ed571cc32 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Mon, 19 May 2014 08:33:35 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 030/186] added newSubjectTerms to Bestof --- names.jsonld | 195 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 195 insertions(+) diff --git a/names.jsonld b/names.jsonld index 533cb1e..758d895 100644 --- a/names.jsonld +++ b/names.jsonld @@ -29479,8 +29479,203 @@ } }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BritishCantonLine", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "British Canton Line", + "comment": "A British owned ferry company running between Hong Kong and mainland China", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EmeraldEmpireRoundup", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Emerald Empire Roundup", + "comment": "Rodeo held in Lane County, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnCPotterShip", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "John C. Potter (Ship)", + "comment": "Built by Marlboro Packard, of Searsport Main in 1869, the John C. Potter was a cargo ship that ran between San Francisco and Seattle carrying lumber from 1888-1903", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MethodistEpiscopalChurchinChina", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Methodist Episcopal Church in China", + "comment": "A branch of the Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church first entering China in the 1860s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MilesCityRoundUp", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Miles City Round Up", + "comment": "Rodeo held in Miles City, Oregon since 1913", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PortlandandVancouverRailRoadFerryCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Portland and Vancouver Rail Road Ferry Company", + "comment": "Rail and ferry company running between Portland, Oregon and Vancouver, British Columbia", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PrinceWilliamSoundSalmonandHerringPackingCo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Prince William Sound Salmon and Herring Packing Co.", + "comment": "Fish cannery in Prince William Sound, Canada", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShanghaiGolfClub", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shanghai Golf Club", + "comment": "Golf course and club house in Shanghai, China", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/standardschool", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "standard school", + "comment": "A school meeting the standards set by the rules of the Oregon State Board of Education", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TheatreStreet", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Theatre Street", + "comment": "Street in Osaka, Japan", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UnionFishermansCooperativePackingCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Union Fisherman's Cooperative Packing Company", + "comment": "Fish cannery in Astoria, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, } From 8d3284b9f30a14d4852dcbb2a7bf1f40934c451d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Mon, 19 May 2014 10:54:13 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 031/186] added cultureGroups and organizations from tlegacies --- names.jsonld | 380 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 380 insertions(+) diff --git a/names.jsonld b/names.jsonld index 758d895..92a0660 100644 --- a/names.jsonld +++ b/names.jsonld @@ -29677,6 +29677,386 @@ } }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Angoonpeople", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Angoon people", + "comment": "Native American people who live on Admiralty, Chichagof and Baranof Islands, Alaska (Goldscmidt, Walter R. and Theodore H. Haas, Haa Aani = OurLand: Tlingit and Haida Land Rights and Use, Juneau: Sealaka Heritage Foundation, 2000)", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CeliloFallsIndians", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Celilo Falls Indians", + "comment": "Native American people who fished and traded in the Celilo Falls and Celilo Village area. Celilo Falls was a waterfall on the Columbia River about 14 miles upstream from what is now The Dalles, Oregon. The falls were flooded by the building of The Dalles Dam in 1957. Celilo Village remains on the Oregon shore of the Columbia.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChelukemaukesIndians", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chelukemaukes Indians", + "comment": "Native American people who live in the Willamette Valley, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChetlesssentinsIndians", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chetlesssentins Indians", + "comment": "Native American people who live in Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ClatsopIndians", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Clatsop Indians", + "comment": "Native American people who live on the northwest coast of Oregon, now part of the Clatsop-Nehalem Confederation.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Clowella", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Clowella", + "comment": "Native American people who live in the Willamette Valley, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ColumbiaRiverTribes", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Columbia River Tribes", + "comment": "Native American peoples who live, fish and/or trade near the Columbia River.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Molallapeople", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Molalla people", + "comment": "Native American people who lived throughout the Willamette Valley, from Mount Hood to the Umpqua River, Oregon. They were removed to the Grande Ronde Valley by treaty in 1859.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Tooquot", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tooquot", + "comment": "Native American people in Alaska", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Tutuni", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tutuni", + "comment": "Native American people who live on the Rogue River and south coast of Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BadRiverIndianReservation", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bad River Indian Reservation", + "comment": "The Bad River Band Of Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians is located on a 125,000+ acre reservation in Northern Wisconsin on the south shore of Lake Superior (Known by the tribe as Gichi Gami) in Ashland and Iron Counties. Territory ceded by the tribe to the U.S. government includes the upper one third of what is now the State of Wisconsin. (http://www.badriver-nsn.gov/history)", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CattaraugasIndianReservation", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cattaraugas Indian Reservation", + "comment": "Cattaraugus Reservation is in Eyre County, New York. It is part of the Seneca Indian Nation.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CornplanterIndianReservation", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cornplanter Indian Reservation", + "comment": "Cornplanter Reservation was once located in Warren County, Pennsylvania, along the west bank of the Allegheny River. This land was flooded by the building of the Kinzua Dam in 1965.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KarlukIndianReservation", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Karluk Indian Reservation", + "comment": "The Karluk Reservation is located on the south shore of the Karluk Lagoon, Kodiak Island, Alaska", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LapwaiIndianReservation", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lapwai Indian Reservation", + "comment": "Lapwai is part of the Nez Perxe Indian Reservation in the Lapwai Valley of Idaho.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QuillayutesIndianReservation", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Quileute Indian Reservation", + "comment": "Quileute Reservation is located in Clallam County, Washington", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RogueRiverIndianReservation", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Rogue River Indian Reservation", + "comment": "Rogue River Indian Reservation was located opposite Fort Lane on the banks of the Rogue River in Jackson, Oregon, northwest of present-day Medford.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RoseburgIndianReservation", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Roseburg Indian Reservation", + "comment": "Roseburg Reservation is located near Roseburg, South Dakota", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShoshoneIndianConfederacy", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shoshone Indian Confederacy", + "comment": "Confederacy of Shoshone and related peoples", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TableRockIndianReservation", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Table Rock Indian Reservation", + "comment": "Table Rock Reservation was located near the Rogue River, Oregon where the Rogue River Indians were moved following the Rogue River Wars of the 1850. The Indians were eventually moved to the Grande Ronde and Siletz Reservations", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamhillIndianReservation", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yamhill Indian Reservation", + "comment": "Yamhill Reservation was located in the McMinnville vicinity, Yamhill County, Oregon. The Indians were eventually moved to the Grande Ronde Reservation", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + } ] From 12b56c1c7c49ae6ed7da532df6a7d3a8575f221b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Mon, 19 May 2014 12:32:12 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 032/186] added timePeriod from tlegacies --- terms.jsonld | 145 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 145 insertions(+) diff --git a/terms.jsonld b/terms.jsonld index 311da24..3fd8894 100644 --- a/terms.jsonld +++ b/terms.jsonld @@ -496,6 +496,151 @@ } }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Indoctrination1879c1928", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Indoctrination (1879- c.1928)", + "comment": "Period in which Native Americans were pressured or forced to assimilate with prevailing European-American culture. It was during this time that boarding schools were established and Native American children taken from their families to be educated and assimilated into while culture.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Precontact", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Precontact", + "comment": "Period before the time of contact between Europeans and Native American peoples in Oregon characterized by intermittent interaction with fur traders and seafaring explorers of the Pacific Northwest.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RelocationReservation18321871", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Relocation / Reservation (1832-1871)", + "comment": "Period of implementation of the Indian Removal Act of 1830, wherein Native Americans were removed from their historic lands and resettled on reservations.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Removal1828c1832", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Removal (1828-c.1832)", + "comment": "Period leading up to and shortly after the passage of the Indian Removal Act of 1830 meant primarily to move Native Americans from the southeastern US.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Reorganization19341953", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Reorganization (1934-1953)", + "comment": "Period following the Wheeler-Howard Act of 1934 (the Indian Reorganization Act) that returned local self-governance to Native American Tribes. Some lands purchased by non-tribe member was also restored by court order. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SelfDetermination", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Self-Determination", + "comment": "The current period of self-determination and self-rule for tribes characterized by falling support in the US Congress, especially among members of the Republican party.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SovereigntySelfGovernance19752011", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sovereignty/Self-Governance (1975-2011)", + "comment": "Period following the passage of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975 which ended the policy of terminating the relationships between tribes and the US federal government. Implementation of the Act allowed for local regulation of federal programs with the stipulation that tribes meet federal requirements, not unlike individual states, through the use of 638 contracts.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Termination19531968", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Termination (1953-1968)", + "comment": "Period of implementation of the House Concurrent Resolution 108 of 1953 and Public Law 280 in which relationships between tribes and the US federal government were terminated. This effectively ended the reservation system and removed federal aid to tribes while members of tribes became full citizens of the US and reservation lands became subject to the jurisdiction of states.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + From 6c4269f39cd027cf52f3f48520662ea3e8db70b0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Tue, 20 May 2014 10:37:43 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 033/186] added creators from jsma --- names.jsonld | 1184 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 1184 insertions(+) diff --git a/names.jsonld b/names.jsonld index 92a0660..96dab9b 100644 --- a/names.jsonld +++ b/names.jsonld @@ -30055,6 +30055,1190 @@ } }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bennett, Eugene P.", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "BennettEugeneP", + "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", + "date": "d. 1921", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Blocker, Murial", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "BlockerMurial", + "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Blodgett, Tom", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "BlodgettTom", + "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", + "date": "d. 1940", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bosworth, Robert", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": 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"http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "VanHevelingenFrances", + "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", + "date": "d. 1916", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Voorhies, Charles", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "VoorhiesCharles", + "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", + "date": "1901-1970", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Widman, Harry F.", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "WidmanHarryF", + "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", + "date": "d. 1929", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Wilson, Donald", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "WilsonDonald", + "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", + "date": "d. 1934", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Wolf, Sherrie", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "WolfSherrie", + "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Zeigler, David", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "ZeiglerDavid", + "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + From 45372f214069770e56b96ee5f9fd76e97fd8abf1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Tue, 20 May 2014 10:48:36 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 034/186] oops --- names.jsonld | 507 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------------- 1 file changed, 255 insertions(+), 252 deletions(-) diff --git a/names.jsonld b/names.jsonld index 96dab9b..48c45f3 100644 --- a/names.jsonld +++ b/names.jsonld @@ -30056,1184 +30056,1184 @@ }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bennett, Eugene P.", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BennettEugeneP", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "BennettEugeneP", + "label": "Bennett, Eugene P.", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1921", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Blocker, Murial", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlockerMurial", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "BlockerMurial", + "label": "Blocker, Murial", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Blodgett, Tom", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlodgettTom", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "BlodgettTom", + "label": "Blodgett, Tom", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1940", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bosworth, Robert", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BosworthRobert", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "BosworthRobert", + "label": "Bosworth, Robert", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1933", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Buchanan, Caroline", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BuchananCaroline", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "BuchananCaroline", + "label": "Buchanan, Caroline", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Carey, Rockwell W.", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CareyRockwellW", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "CareyRockwellW", + "label": "Carey, Rockwell W.", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "1882-1952", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Chilstrom, Ray", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChilstromRay", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "ChilstromRay", + "label": "Chilstrom, Ray", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Daggatt, Walter", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DaggattWalter", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "DaggattWalter", + "label": "Daggatt, Walter", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1925", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Davis, Mary", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DavisMary", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "DavisMary", + "label": "Davis, Mary", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "1907-1989", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Everett, Al", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EverettAl", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "EverettAl", + "label": "Everett, Al", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "1917-1965", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Feasley, Robert", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FeasleyRobert", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "FeasleyRobert", + "label": "Feasley, Robert", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1926", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Fluno, Ruth", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FlunoRuth", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "FlunoRuth", + "label": "Fluno, Ruth", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1923", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Flynn, Robert", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FlynnRobert", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "FlynnRobert", + "label": "Flynn, Robert", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Garner, Bert R.", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GarnerBertR", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "GarnerBertR", + "label": "Garner, Bert R.", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1940", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Goldsby, Al", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GoldsbyAl", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "GoldsbyAl", + "label": "Goldsby, Al", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1930", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Grover, Ruth", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GroverRuth", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "GroverRuth", + "label": "Grover, Ruth", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1912", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Guske, Jennifer", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuskeJennifer", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "GuskeJennifer", + "label": "Guske, Jennifer", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hales, J.H.", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HalesJH", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "HalesJH", + "label": "Hales, J.H.", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "1928-1971", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hansen, Arthur H.", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HansenArthurH", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "HansenArthurH", + "label": "Hansen, Arthur H.", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1929", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hardy, Tom", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HardyTom", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "HardyTom", + "label": "Hardy, Tom", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1921", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Haseltine, James L.", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaseltineJamesL", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "HaseltineJamesL", + "label": "Haseltine, James L.", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1924", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Haseltine, Thom", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaseltineThom", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "HaseltineThom", + "label": "Haseltine, Thom", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1951", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Heald (?)", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Heald", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "Heald", + "label": "Heald (?)", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Heald, C.L.", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HealdCL", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "HealdCL", + "label": "Heald, C.L.", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hoffman, P.K.", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoffmanPK", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "HoffmanPK", + "label": "Hoffman, P.K.", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1943", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Imus, Keith", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ImusKeith", 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{ "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "KardosLanislas", + "label": "Kardos, Lanislas", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1909", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kowert, Hank", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KowertHank", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "KowertHank", + "label": "Kowert, Hank", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "1924-1977", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LaDuke, Betty", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LaDukeBetty", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "LaDukeBetty", + "label": "LaDuke, Betty", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1933", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Lane, Norman", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LaneNorman", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "LaneNorman", + "label": "Lane, Norman", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1931", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Lawrence, John", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LawrenceJohn", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "LawrenceJohn", + "label": "Lawrence, John", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1940", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Lolcama, R.", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LolcamaR", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "LolcamaR", + "label": "Lolcama, R.", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1936", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/McClintock, James", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/McClintockJames", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "McClintockJames", + "label": "McClintock, James", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1928", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/McLeod, Steven", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/McLeodSteven", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "McLeodSteven", + "label": "McLeod, Steven", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1944", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Meyer, Audrey", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MeyerAudrey", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "MeyerAudrey", + "label": "Meyer, Audrey", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1924", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Miller, Paul", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MillerPaul", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "MillerPaul", + "label": "Miller, Paul", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Miller, Robert", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MillerRobert", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "MillerRobert", + "label": "Miller, Robert", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Moriyasu, Hiro", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoriyasuHiro", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "MoriyasuHiro", + "label": "Moriyasu, Hiro", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1934", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Muller, Richard A.", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MullerRichardA", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "MullerRichardA", + "label": "Muller, Richard A.", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1928", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Myron, Ron", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MyronRon", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "MyronRon", + "label": "Myron, Ron", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Nalder, Nancy Schildt", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NalderNancySchildt", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "NalderNancySchildt", + "label": "Nalder, Nancy Schildt", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1938", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Pander, Henk and Laursen, John", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PanderHenkandLaursenJohn", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "PanderHenkandLaursenJohn", + "label": "Pander, Henk and Laursen, John", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1937", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Petta, Joseph Jr.", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PettaJosephJr", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "PettaJosephJr", + "label": "Petta, Joseph Jr.", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1935", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Piladakis, Emanuel", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PiladakisEmanuel", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "PiladakisEmanuel", + "label": "Piladakis, Emanuel", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1927", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Pitkin, Orleanok", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PitkinOrleanok", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "PitkinOrleanok", + "label": "Pitkin, Orleanok", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1946", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Pozzi, Craig", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PozziCraig", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "PozziCraig", + "label": "Pozzi, Craig", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1945", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ralston, Ruby", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RalstonRuby", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "RalstonRuby", + "label": "Ralston, Ruby", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1929", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Rocchia, Elizabeth Brewster", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RocchiaElizabethBrewster", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "RocchiaElizabethBrewster", + "label": "Rocchia, Elizabeth Brewster", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Rock, John", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RockJohn", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "RockJohn", + "label": "Rock, John", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1919", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ryan, Charles Bryan", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RyanCharlesBryan", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "RyanCharlesBryan", + "label": "Ryan, Charles Bryan", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1909", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Sekino Jun'ichiro", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SekinoJun'ichiro", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "SekinoJun'ichiro", + "label": "Sekino Jun'ichiro", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "1914-1988", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Shirley, Margaret", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShirleyMargaret", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "ShirleyMargaret", + "label": "Shirley, Margaret", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1933", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Thurston, Joe", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ThurstonJoe", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "ThurstonJoe", + "label": "Thurston, Joe", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1970", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Trotter, Claire", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TrotterClaire", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "TrotterClaire", + "label": "Trotter, Claire", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1913", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Turnbull, Sister Paula Margaret", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TurnbullSisterPaulaMargaret", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "TurnbullSisterPaulaMargaret", + "label": "Turnbull, Sister Paula Margaret", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1921", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Van Cott, Sherrill", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VanCottSherrill", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "VanCottSherrill", + "label": "Van Cott, Sherrill", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. ca. 1940", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Van Hevelingen, Frances", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VanHevelingenFrances", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "VanHevelingenFrances", + "label": "Van Hevelingen, Frances", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1916", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Voorhies, Charles", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VoorhiesCharles", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "VoorhiesCharles", + "label": "Voorhies, Charles", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "1901-1970", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Widman, Harry F.", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WidmanHarryF", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "WidmanHarryF", + "label": "Widman, Harry F.", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1929", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Wilson, Donald", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilsonDonald", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "WilsonDonald", + "label": "Wilson, Donald", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "date": "d. 1934", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Wolf, Sherrie", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WolfSherrie", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "WolfSherrie", + "label": "Wolf, Sherrie", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Zeigler, David", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZeiglerDavid", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" }, - "label": "ZeiglerDavid", + "label": "Zeigler, David", "comment": "Pacific Northwest artist", "modified": { - "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@value": "2014-05-20", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -31242,6 +31242,9 @@ + + + } ] } From a4243adba777e8e8d41dd67873984e8e14c82e6a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Tue, 20 May 2014 10:50:40 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 035/186] added culture from jsma --- terms.jsonld | 91 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- 1 file changed, 90 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/terms.jsonld b/terms.jsonld index 3fd8894..74990f8 100644 --- a/terms.jsonld +++ b/terms.jsonld @@ -640,9 +640,98 @@ } }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DutchAmerican", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-20", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dutch-American", + "comment": "Americans of Dutch descent", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-20", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GreekAmerican", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-20", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Greek-American", + "comment": "Americans of Greek descent", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-20", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HungarianAmerican", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-20", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hungarian-American", + "comment": "Americans of Hungarian descent", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-20", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SpanishAmerican", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-20", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Spanish-American", + "comment": "Americans of Spanish descent", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-20", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JapaneseAmerican", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-20", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Japanese-American", + "comment": "Americans of Japanese descent", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-20", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + - } From d07276fd194ede4910a6b80ebdfc929bb737adfe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Tue, 20 May 2014 11:04:15 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 036/186] added style to jsma --- terms.jsonld | 39 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 39 insertions(+) diff --git a/terms.jsonld b/terms.jsonld index 74990f8..9100c5b 100644 --- a/terms.jsonld +++ b/terms.jsonld @@ -730,6 +730,45 @@ } }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PacificNorthwest", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pacific Northwest", + "comment": "Post-modernist style, especially in architecture, of the Pacific Northwest of the United States. For modernist art and architecture in the Pacific Northwest, use Northwest Regional.", + "date": "ca. 1910-ca. 1970", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RepublicofChina", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Republic of China", + "comment": "Period between 1912 and 1949 (the Qing Dynasty and the establishment of the People Republic of China).", + "date": "1912-1949", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + From 62a9be5e86cc9685f8563f3c021795be61ccca1a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Tue, 20 May 2014 12:42:07 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 037/186] minor correction --- names.jsonld | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/names.jsonld b/names.jsonld index 48c45f3..2286be6 100644 --- a/names.jsonld +++ b/names.jsonld @@ -29976,7 +29976,7 @@ "@type": "date" }, "label": "Rogue River Indian Reservation", - "comment": "Rogue River Indian Reservation was located opposite Fort Lane on the banks of the Rogue River in Jackson, Oregon, northwest of present-day Medford.", + "comment": "Rogue River Indian Reservation was located opposite Fort Lane on the banks of the Rogue River in Jackson county, Oregon, northwest of present-day Medford.", "modified": { "@value": "2014-05-19", "@type": "date" From 8b1ed1fa1abddd6e2f29e29c90f3cfd9fe7696d2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Tue, 20 May 2014 12:43:13 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 038/186] added subjects tlegacies --- terms.jsonld | 487 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 487 insertions(+) diff --git a/terms.jsonld b/terms.jsonld index 9100c5b..5a8275a 100644 --- a/terms.jsonld +++ b/terms.jsonld @@ -768,6 +768,493 @@ } }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AlaskanReindeerService", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Alaskan Reindeer Service", + "comment": "A plan, implemented by William T. Lopp, that was responsible for reintroducing reindeer back into southern Alaska at the turn of the century.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CayuseIndianWar", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cayuse Indian War", + "comment": "Conflict between the Cayuse people and the European-American settlers in the Oregon Territory, 1847-1855. It was set off by the Whitman Massacre near present day Walla Walla Washington.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EskimoFishingSeasons", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Eskimo Fishing Seasons", + "comment": "Summer months when Inuit caught fish", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/General", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "General", + "comment": "General interest materials", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Indianservices", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Indian services", + "comment": "US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Office of Indian Services. As defined by their website, the Office of Indian Services Mission is: To facilitate support for tribal people and tribal governments by promoting safe and quality living environments, strong communities, self sufficient and individual rights, while enhancing protection of the lives, prosperity and well being of American Indians and Alaska Natives.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MapsofSiouxIndianReservation", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Maps of Sioux Indian Reservation", + "comment": "Regarding maps of the Great Sioux Reservation (N.D. and S.D.)", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NorthwestTreatyRights", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Northwest Treaty Rights", + "comment": "Native American rights as established between the US federal government and Indian tribes of the northwest", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PoemsbyCaptainJack", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Poems by Captain Jack", + "comment": "Poetry by John W. “Captain Jack” Crawford", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReceiptRollforWallaWallaTribe", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Receipt Roll for Walla Walla Tribe", + "comment": "Census document for the Walla Walla tribal members", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RogueRiverIndianAffairs", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Rogue River Indian Affairs", + "comment": "Regional office of the US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs specifically governing relations with the Rogue River Indians, whose reservation was in Jackson county, Oregon.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Shalakoceremonyandfeast", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shalako ceremony and feast", + "comment": "Zuni dance and ceremonial observance of the winter solstice", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SiouxCampaign", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sioux Campaign", + "comment": "Also known as the Great Sioux War of 1876, wherein the Lakota Sioux and Northern Cheyenne took up arms to protect their lands from American settlers after negotiations with the US federal government failed", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SnakeRiverIndians", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Snake River Indians", + "comment": "Collectively the Northern Paiute, the Bannock and Shoshone peoples who lived along the Snake and Owyhee Rivers in Idaho and Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SouthwestIndianDyes", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Southwest Indian Dyes", + "comment": "Dyes used for the coloration of cloth among the various Indians of the southwest United States", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SouthwestNavajoPlants", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Southwest Navajo Plants", + "comment": "Plants used medicinally, decoratively and ceremonially by the Navajo people", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StateandTerritorialData", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "State and Territorial Data", + "comment": "Maps and statistics regarding US states and territories", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Superintendents", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Superintendents", + "comment": "Administrators attached to Tribal Agencies under the auspices of the Office of Indian Affairs, US Department of the Interior", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TableRockIndianReserveAffairs", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Table Rock Indian Reserve Affairs", + "comment": "Division of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, US Department of the Interior, involved in administering the Table Rock Indian Reserve.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ThePeaceParty", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "The Peace Party", + "comment": "Dakota group active during the Dakota Wars of 1862-1865 who opposed fighting the US government and worked to secure the release of captured Dakota soldiers", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TheWarParty", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "The War Party", + "comment": "Dakota group active during the Dakota Wars of 1862-1865 who fought the US government.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Transactions", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Transactions", + "comment": "Business deals that usually involve the buying or selling of property of goods", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TribalAffairs", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tribal Affairs", + "comment": "Offices administering relations between the US federal government and Native American tribes", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TribalCouncils", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tribal Councils", + "comment": "Governing bodies of Native American tribes", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NortheasternOregon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Northeastern Oregon", + "comment": "Area located east of the Cascade mountains, in the northern part of the State of Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Oregoncoast", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Oregon coast", + "comment": "Pacific Ocean coastline and adjacent lands west of the Coastal Cascade mountain range in the State of Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PacificNorthwest", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pacific Northwest", + "comment": "General area in the northwest of the United States, usually including the states of Washington, Oregon and Idaho. May also refer to areas of Canada along the Pacific coast.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SouthernOregon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Southern Oregon", + "comment": "The south half of the State of Oregon.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + From 8a608e2707b293009928f22caca857030ccecfa8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 08:19:40 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 039/186] added LCSubject name from tlegacies --- names.jsonld | 24 +++++++++++++++++++++--- 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/names.jsonld b/names.jsonld index 2286be6..410352d 100644 --- a/names.jsonld +++ b/names.jsonld @@ -28859,7 +28859,7 @@ "@type": "date" }, "label": "Snake (Horse)", - "comment": "Horse riden in the Pendelton Roundup in 1913, Pendleton, Oregon", + "comment": "Horse riden in the Pendelton Round-Up in 1913, Pendleton, Oregon", "modified": { "@value": "2014-05-16", "@type": "date" @@ -29021,7 +29021,7 @@ "@type": "date" }, "label": "Waltzing Marble (Horse)", - "comment": "Horse riden in the Pendelton Roundup, Pendleton, Oregon", + "comment": "Horse riden in the Pendelton Round-Up, Pendleton, Oregon", "modified": { "@value": "2014-05-16", "@type": "date" @@ -29094,7 +29094,7 @@ "@type": "date" }, "label": "Wringer (Horse)", - "comment": "Horse riden in the Pendelton Roundup, Pendleton, Oregon", + "comment": "Horse riden in the Pendelton Round-Up, Pendleton, Oregon", "modified": { "@value": "2014-05-16", "@type": "date" @@ -31239,6 +31239,24 @@ }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ApplegateLindsay", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-20", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Applegate, Lindsay", + "comment": "Pioneered Oregon's Applegate Trail with his brothers Charles and Jesse in 1843. Subsequently Applegate became a U.S. government agent for the Modoc and Klamath Indians.", + "date": "1808-1892", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-20", + "@type": "date" + } + }, From 6e749ae4bbf8d9b5edc8a3a4572340be0098ee45 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 08:20:52 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 040/186] added LCSubjects from tlegacies --- terms.jsonld | 127 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 127 insertions(+) diff --git a/terms.jsonld b/terms.jsonld index 5a8275a..7240ea5 100644 --- a/terms.jsonld +++ b/terms.jsonld @@ -1254,6 +1254,133 @@ } }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AlaskaYukonmagazine", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-21", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Alaska-Yukon magazine", + "comment": "Periodical published in Juneau, Alaska, 1905-1912", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-21", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Governmentrelations17891869", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-21", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Government relations, 1789-1869", + "comment": "Refers to the relationship between the US federal government and the various Native American populations during the years of 1789-1869, the election of George Washington as President to roughly the end of the era of removing Indians from their historic lands and resettling them on reservations.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-21", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MalheurAgency", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-21", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Malheur Agency", + "comment": "Division of the US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, that oversaw the Malheur Indian Reservation in southeast Oregon.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-21", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OregonRoundUp", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-21", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Oregon Round Up", + "comment": "Unidentified rodeo held in Oregon. Differentiated from the Pendleton Round-Up", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-21", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PacificCoastIndians", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-21", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pacific Coast Indians", + "comment": "Native Americans living along the coastline and adjacent lands of the United States.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-21", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PendletonRoundUp", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-21", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pendleton Round-Up", + "comment": "A "frontier exhibition of picturesque pastimes, Indian and military spectacles, cowboy racing and bronco busting for the championship of the Northwest.” The rodeo began in 1910 and continues to the present day.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-21", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TribalPeoples", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-21", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tribal Peoples", + "comment": "Members of a tribal community", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-21", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + From 9bbb5584be6edaf56147600ce3f2db80b000011e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 08:51:37 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 041/186] Create mapping_comm.yml for Lesbian international communities --- mapping_comm.yml | 53 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 53 insertions(+) create mode 100644 mapping_comm.yml diff --git a/mapping_comm.yml b/mapping_comm.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..930456c --- /dev/null +++ b/mapping_comm.yml @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +namespaces: + rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/terms/" + bibo: "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/" + foaf: "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" + geo: "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" + frbr: "http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/" + mads: "http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#" + marcrel: "http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/" + modsrdf: "http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/modsrdf/v1/" + premis: "http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v1#" + oregon: "http://tom.oregonstate.edu/" + vra: “http://purl.org/vra/” + swpo: "http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal#" + schema: "http://schema.org/" + iol: "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/IOLite.owl#" + daia: "http://uri.gbv.de/ontology/daia/" + exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns" + geosp: "http://rdf.geospecies.org/ont/geospecies#" + + + # + # comm + # +title: dct: identifier +titlb: dct: title +descri: dct: description +identi: dct: Alternative +date: dct: date +covera: method: geographic +creato: dct: creator +person: dct:subject +subjec: dct:subject +relati: dct: source +collec: daia: label (for collection ID number- needed?) +sourca: daia: label +source: vra:medium +type: mime:type +publis: dct:publisher +donor: dct:contributor +rights: method:rights +format: dct:format +date: oregon:dateDigitized +captur: oregon:conversionSpecifications +metadata: # SKIP +imaga: # SKIP +catalo: # SKIP +digita: oregon:IsPartOf/set +catala: # SKIP +contri: oregon:contributingInstitution From 344e54ef299c9c13c9c8e6a3485524c1fffb925c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 09:53:25 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 042/186] Create mappings_latinoherit --- mappings_latinoherit | 51 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 51 insertions(+) create mode 100644 mappings_latinoherit diff --git a/mappings_latinoherit b/mappings_latinoherit new file mode 100644 index 0000000..483ddf9 --- /dev/null +++ b/mappings_latinoherit @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +namespaces: + rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/terms/" + bibo: "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/" + foaf: "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" + geo: "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" + frbr: "http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/" + mads: "http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#" + marcrel: "http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/" + modsrdf: "http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/modsrdf/v1/" + premis: "http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v1#" + oregon: "http://tom.oregonstate.edu/" + vra: “http://purl.org/vra/” + swpo: "http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal#" + schema: "http://schema.org/" + iol: "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/IOLite.owl#" + daia: "http://uri.gbv.de/ontology/daia/" + exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns" + geosp: "http://rdf.geospecies.org/ont/geospecies#" + rdvocab: "http://rdvocab.info/roles" (not sure if correct URL) + + # + # latinoherit + # +title: dct: title +descri: dct: description +subjec: dct:subject +creato: dct: creator (empty field) +photog: # SKIP (empty field, merge with above) +covera: method: geographic (empty field) +date: dct: date +contri: dct:contributor (empty field) +relate: dct:HasVersion +source: # SKIP (empty field, merge with collec- title of collection) +reposi: dct:IsPartOf (SCUA) +collec: dct:source (collection name) +collea: dct:identifier (collection ID) +relati: dct:IsPartOf (series in collection) +identi: dct: identifier +donor: rdvocab: donor (can use dct: contributor again) +format: dct:format +type: mime:type +langua: method: iso_language +rights: method:rights +publis: dct:publisher +digiti: oregon:conversionSpecifications +digita: oregon:IsPartOf/set +contra: oregon:contributingInstitution From 4ebd77df7bd3b114d98c57e93166f0df29fc8c06 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 09:53:38 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 043/186] Rename mappings_latinoherit to mappings_latinoherit.yml --- mappings_latinoherit => mappings_latinoherit.yml | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename mappings_latinoherit => mappings_latinoherit.yml (100%) diff --git a/mappings_latinoherit b/mappings_latinoherit.yml similarity index 100% rename from mappings_latinoherit rename to mappings_latinoherit.yml From 12450bee183b7fea57ec4086f1d75f33fb2821e8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 09:54:14 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 044/186] Update mappings_latinoherit.yml --- mappings_latinoherit.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/mappings_latinoherit.yml b/mappings_latinoherit.yml index 483ddf9..f33ec72 100644 --- a/mappings_latinoherit.yml +++ b/mappings_latinoherit.yml @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ namespaces: daia: "http://uri.gbv.de/ontology/daia/" exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns" geosp: "http://rdf.geospecies.org/ont/geospecies#" - rdvocab: "http://rdvocab.info/roles" (not sure if correct URL) + rdvocab: "http://rdvocab.info/roles" not sure if correct URL) # # latinoherit From b778d88841971aaa27afcbd96789854f1a6fb602 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 15:08:07 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 045/186] Update mappings_Bestof.yml changes to match oregon digital metadata dictionary --- mappings_Bestof.yml | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_Bestof.yml b/mappings_Bestof.yml index 761259b..6b9a46d 100644 --- a/mappings_Bestof.yml +++ b/mappings_Bestof.yml @@ -35,12 +35,12 @@ descri: dct:description subjec: dct:subject names: dct:subject corpor: dct:subject -covera: dct:subject +covera: dct:Spatial sub: dct:subject temp: dct:subject creato: dct:creator data: oregon:cco/viewDate -rights: method:rights +rights: dct:rights reposi: dct:IsPartOf relati: dct:IsPartOf collec: dct:IsPartOf @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ collea: oad:has_findingAid sourca: dct:source source: dct:source sourcb: schema:itemCondition -type: mime:type +type: dct:type image: dct:extent format: dct:format imagd: exif:width From a1130c0837e7038d12c1639bbf015183863c48f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 15:17:15 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 046/186] Update mappings_Ulmann2.yml changes to match oregon digital metadata dictionary --- mappings_Ulmann2.yml | 10 +++++----- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_Ulmann2.yml b/mappings_Ulmann2.yml index cce51be..ced35a8 100644 --- a/mappings_Ulmann2.yml +++ b/mappings_Ulmann2.yml @@ -35,27 +35,27 @@ descri: dct:description series: dct:subject names: dct:subject corpor: dct:subject -covera:dct:Spatial +covera: dct:Spatial lc: dct:subject subjec: dct:subject photog: dct:creator date: dct:date reposi: dct:IsPartOf collec: dct:IsPartOf -source: dcterm:IsPartOf +source: dct:IsPartOf album: dct:IsPartOf admin: dct:source -type: mime:type +type: dc:type format: dct:format scan: oregon:conversionSpecifications metada: # SKIP catala: # SKIP catalo: # SKIP -rights: method:rights +rights: dct:rights proven: dct:provenance relate: dct:IsVersionOf bandin: # SKIP publis: dct:publisher digita: oregon:isPartOf/set contri: oregon:contributingInstitution - \ No newline at end of file + From f6901ea55cff7305f7323af230545b669c6d7066 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 15:28:12 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 047/186] Update mappings_archpnw.yml changes to match the oregon digital metadata dictionary --- mappings_archpnw.yml | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_archpnw.yml b/mappings_archpnw.yml index 2b99afb..c3a4e60 100644 --- a/mappings_archpnw.yml +++ b/mappings_archpnw.yml @@ -49,13 +49,13 @@ refere: schema:citation notes: modsref:note creatb: modsref:note metada: modsref:note # are these important for public? -digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +digita: dct:isPartOf sourca: dct:provenance # source of slide, look for repository/collection source: souceb: publis: dct:publisher -rights: method: rights -type: mime:type +rights: dct: rights +type: dct:type format: dct:format identi: dct:identifier techni: # look up other ones From 7b8ce189ded2c7628459d481fb11376ec9ca1296 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 15:32:19 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 048/186] Update mapping_comm.yml changes made to match Oregon Digital Metadata Dictionary --- mapping_comm.yml | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/mapping_comm.yml b/mapping_comm.yml index 930456c..8e9c8af 100644 --- a/mapping_comm.yml +++ b/mapping_comm.yml @@ -34,14 +34,14 @@ covera: method: geographic creato: dct: creator person: dct:subject subjec: dct:subject -relati: dct: source +relati: dct: IsPartOf collec: daia: label (for collection ID number- needed?) sourca: daia: label source: vra:medium -type: mime:type +type: dct:type publis: dct:publisher donor: dct:contributor -rights: method:rights +rights: dct:rights format: dct:format date: oregon:dateDigitized captur: oregon:conversionSpecifications From d0df915e50382f16c8353a6cf9af4855404140cc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 15:35:37 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 049/186] Update mappings_diss.yml changes made to match oregon digital metadata dictionary --- mappings_diss.yml | 8 ++++---- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_diss.yml b/mappings_diss.yml index 9cbd278..cc5729a 100644 --- a/mappings_diss.yml +++ b/mappings_diss.yml @@ -35,13 +35,13 @@ relati: schema:citation publis: dct:publisher contri: dct:contributor date: dct:issued -type: mime:type +type: dct:type format: dct:format identi: dct:identifier data: oregon:dateDigitized source: daia:label -langua: method: iso_language -rights: method: rights +langua: dct:language +rights: dct:rights proces: oregon:conversionSpecifications notes: modsref:note metada: # SKIP @@ -50,4 +50,4 @@ ambros: # SKIP catalo: # SKIP digita: oregon:isPartOf/set full: oregon:full -contra: oregon:contributingInstitution \ No newline at end of file +contra: oregon:contributingInstitution From c3a5b0204e54523d4a5fed051d91df91bac9e57f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 15:39:37 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 050/186] Update mappings_jasr.yml changes made to match oregon digital metadata dictionary --- mappings_jasr.yml | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_jasr.yml b/mappings_jasr.yml index cfd36c9..25c9d22 100644 --- a/mappings_jasr.yml +++ b/mappings_jasr.yml @@ -32,17 +32,17 @@ corpor: dct:subject creato: dct:creator publis: dct:publisher date: dct:date -type: mime:type +type: dct:type format: dct:format identi: dct:identifier source: daia:label -langua: method: iso_language +langua: dct:language collec: dct:IsPartOf collea: dct:IsPartOf collea: oad:has_findingAid box: dct:isPartOf folder: dct:isPartOf -rights: method: rights +rights: dct:rights full: oregon:fullText datedi: oregon:dateDigitized proces: oregon:conversionSpecifications From 7d2c3805d062e51aa3981ae4a1b036608f515dad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 15:49:15 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 051/186] Update mappings_latinoherit.yml changes made to match oregon digital metadata dictionary --- mappings_latinoherit.yml | 20 ++++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_latinoherit.yml b/mappings_latinoherit.yml index f33ec72..1bec2b6 100644 --- a/mappings_latinoherit.yml +++ b/mappings_latinoherit.yml @@ -25,13 +25,13 @@ namespaces: # # latinoherit # -title: dct: title -descri: dct: description +title: dct:title +descri: dct:description subjec: dct:subject -creato: dct: creator (empty field) +creato: dct:creator (empty field) photog: # SKIP (empty field, merge with above) -covera: method: geographic (empty field) -date: dct: date +covera: dc:Spatial(empty field) +date: dct:date contri: dct:contributor (empty field) relate: dct:HasVersion source: # SKIP (empty field, merge with collec- title of collection) @@ -39,12 +39,12 @@ reposi: dct:IsPartOf (SCUA) collec: dct:source (collection name) collea: dct:identifier (collection ID) relati: dct:IsPartOf (series in collection) -identi: dct: identifier -donor: rdvocab: donor (can use dct: contributor again) +identi: dct:identifier +donor: rdvocab:donor (can use dct:contributor again) format: dct:format -type: mime:type -langua: method: iso_language -rights: method:rights +type: dct:type +langua: dct:language +rights: dct:rights publis: dct:publisher digiti: oregon:conversionSpecifications digita: oregon:IsPartOf/set From 27b7c98a19f60d5e466d039dd634bc30c495a607 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 15:52:30 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 052/186] Update mappings_ode.yml changes made to match oregon digital metadata dictionary --- mappings_ode.yml | 8 ++++---- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_ode.yml b/mappings_ode.yml index dc951b9..ad4af15 100644 --- a/mappings_ode.yml +++ b/mappings_ode.yml @@ -33,14 +33,14 @@ editio: dct:title notes: modsref:note descri: dct:description contri: schema:editor -type: mime:type +type: dct:type format: dct:format identi: dct:identifier -langua: method: iso_language +langua: dct:language relati: dct:relation -rights: method:rights +rights: dct:rights full: oregon:fullText metada: # SKIP digita: oregon:isPartOf/set ambros: # SKIP -contri: oregon:contributingInstitution \ No newline at end of file +contri: oregon:contributingInstitution From 230713c31ca909294e3a71704bb00b4a7016ef2f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 15:57:35 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 053/186] Update mappings_oimb.yml changes made to match oregon digital metadata dictionary --- mappings_oimb.yml | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_oimb.yml b/mappings_oimb.yml index 8aa515b..00547ac 100644 --- a/mappings_oimb.yml +++ b/mappings_oimb.yml @@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ slide: # SKIP date: dct:date catalo: # SKIP local: dct:IsPartOf -type: mime:type +type: dct:type format: dct:format identi: dct:identifier -rights: method:rights -digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +rights: dct:rights +digita: dct:IsPartOf sourca: # SKIP contri: oregon:contributingInstitution From eb32ee93268569ea6c4e7f0ba8a419ce874e28ab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 16:04:22 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 054/186] Update mappings_tlegacies.yml changed to match oregon digital metadata dictionary --- mappings_tlegacies.yml | 8 ++++---- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_tlegacies.yml b/mappings_tlegacies.yml index 66d0c44..857f68f 100644 --- a/mappings_tlegacies.yml +++ b/mappings_tlegacies.yml @@ -34,14 +34,14 @@ cultur: vra:culture organi: dct:description date: dct:Temporal time: dct:Temporal -langua: method: iso_language +langua: dct:language lc: dct:subject subjec: dct:subject descri: dct:description descra: dct:description geogra: dct:Spatial work: vra:workType -type: mime:type +type: dct:type format: dct:format reposi: dct:IsPartOf identi: dct:identifier @@ -49,11 +49,11 @@ size: dct:description number: dct:description nwda: oad:has_findingAid additi: # SKIP -rights: method:rights +rights: dct:rights catala: # SKIP repres: # SKIP publis: dct:publisher catalo: # SKIP metada: # SKIP digita: oregon:isPartOf/set -contri: oregon:contributingInstitution \ No newline at end of file +contri: oregon:contributingInstitution From b3b639eb37e8a2b62a327c2d0ec86172b1867f1b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 16:16:32 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 055/186] Update mappings_wwdl.yml changes made to match oregon digital metadata dictionary --- mappings_wwdl.yml | 10 +++++----- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_wwdl.yml b/mappings_wwdl.yml index 9e74094..8874eae 100644 --- a/mappings_wwdl.yml +++ b/mappings_wwdl.yml @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ subjec: dct:subject lc: dct:subject people: dct:subject corpor: dct:subject -place: dct:subject +place: dct:Spatial genre: rdag1:formOfWork author: mrel:aut photog: mrel:pht @@ -47,14 +47,14 @@ date: dct:issued covera: dct:Temporal publis: dct: publisher datedi: oregon:dateDigitized -rights: method: rights +rights: dct:rights reposi: dct:isPartOf relati: dct:isPartOf collec: dct:isPartOf additi: dct:HasVersion addita: dct:HasVersion -langua: method: iso_language -type: mime:type +langua: dct:language +type: dct:type format: dct:format captur: oregon:conversionSpecifications file: rdag1:fileSize @@ -72,4 +72,4 @@ contra: oregon:contributingInstitution catalo: # SKIP load: # SKIP digitb: oregon:isPartOf/set -fulla: oregon: #TBD; full PDFs download \ No newline at end of file +fulla: oregon: #TBD; full PDFs download From 7bdd9c5496c4165ab49de23489aaab979683a98f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Fri, 23 May 2014 13:00:01 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 056/186] percent for art mapping --- percent.yml | 84 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 84 insertions(+) create mode 100644 percent.yml diff --git a/percent.yml b/percent.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a926a6d --- /dev/null +++ b/percent.yml @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ + rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/terms/" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" + bibo: "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/" + foaf: "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" + geo: "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" + frbr: "http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/" + mads: "http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#" + marcrel: "http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/" + modsrdf: "http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/modsrdf/v1/" + premis: "http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v1#" + oregon: "http://tom.oregonstate.edu/" + vra: “http://purl.org/vra/” + swpo: "http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal#" + schema: "http://schema.org/" + iol: "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/IOLite.owl#" + daia: "http://uri.gbv.de/ontology/daia/" + exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns" + geosp: "http://rdf.geospecies.org/ont/geospecies#" + nfo: "http://www.semanticdesktop.org/ontologies/2007/03/22/nfo/v1.2/" + nco: "http://www.semanticdesktop.org/ontologies/2007/03/22/nco#" + swpo: "http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal#" + + # + # percent + # + projea: swpo:forProject + projec: dct:isPartOf + identi: dct:isPartOf + oac: dct:identifier + title: dct:title + altern: dct:Alternative + series: dct:isPartOf + descrb: dct:description + descra: dct:description + dscri: modsref:note + artist: dct:description + lc: dct:subject + aat: dct:subject + place: dct:subject + people: dct:subject + creato: dct:creator + artisb: modsref:note + artisa: modsref:note + artisc: dct:relation + region: modsref:note + data: dct:date + date: dct:date + commis: dct:description + datb: dct:date + instal: dct:description + format: vra:workType + artwor: vra:measurements + materi: vra:materials + source: dct:format (source format) + sourcb: dct:Extent (source obj dimensions) + artwob: dct:Spatial (artwork site) + locati: dct:Spatial (extact site) + covera: dct:Spatial (address) + artwoc: dct:Spatial (county) + artwod: dct:relation + langua: dct:language + titla: oregon:cco/viewDescription + digita: oregon:dateDigitized + captur: oregon:conversionSpecification + type: dct:type + formaa: dct:format + digitb: dct:Extent + color: exif:colorSpace + imaga: method:processing_history + missin: #SKIP (missing items?) + full: oregon:fullText + metada: #SKIP (metadata creator) + image: #SKIP (image scanner) + catalo: #SKIP (cataloging status) + load: #SKIP (load date) + rights: dct:rights + contri: dct:contributor + publis: dct:publisher + collec: oregon:isPartOf/set + contra: oregon:contributingInstitution From 1c716f084f4ed695166b11fc38d6d89dcf82dd1f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Fri, 23 May 2014 13:00:26 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 057/186] Rename percent.yml to mapping_percent.yml --- percent.yml => mapping_percent.yml | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename percent.yml => mapping_percent.yml (100%) diff --git a/percent.yml b/mapping_percent.yml similarity index 100% rename from percent.yml rename to mapping_percent.yml From d898b5869d1179850f0aa6d98414a73b8fa8d996 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Fri, 23 May 2014 13:00:51 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 058/186] Delete mapping_percent.yml --- mapping_percent.yml | 84 --------------------------------------------- 1 file changed, 84 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 mapping_percent.yml diff --git a/mapping_percent.yml b/mapping_percent.yml deleted file mode 100644 index a926a6d..0000000 --- a/mapping_percent.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,84 +0,0 @@ - rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" - rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" - owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" - skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" - dct: "http://purl.org/dc/terms/" - dct: "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" - bibo: "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/" - foaf: "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" - geo: "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" - frbr: "http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/" - mads: "http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#" - marcrel: "http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/" - modsrdf: "http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/modsrdf/v1/" - premis: "http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v1#" - oregon: "http://tom.oregonstate.edu/" - vra: “http://purl.org/vra/” - swpo: "http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal#" - schema: "http://schema.org/" - iol: "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/IOLite.owl#" - daia: "http://uri.gbv.de/ontology/daia/" - exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns" - geosp: "http://rdf.geospecies.org/ont/geospecies#" - nfo: "http://www.semanticdesktop.org/ontologies/2007/03/22/nfo/v1.2/" - nco: "http://www.semanticdesktop.org/ontologies/2007/03/22/nco#" - swpo: "http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal#" - - # - # percent - # - projea: swpo:forProject - projec: dct:isPartOf - identi: dct:isPartOf - oac: dct:identifier - title: dct:title - altern: dct:Alternative - series: dct:isPartOf - descrb: dct:description - descra: dct:description - dscri: modsref:note - artist: dct:description - lc: dct:subject - aat: dct:subject - place: dct:subject - people: dct:subject - creato: dct:creator - artisb: modsref:note - artisa: modsref:note - artisc: dct:relation - region: modsref:note - data: dct:date - date: dct:date - commis: dct:description - datb: dct:date - instal: dct:description - format: vra:workType - artwor: vra:measurements - materi: vra:materials - source: dct:format (source format) - sourcb: dct:Extent (source obj dimensions) - artwob: dct:Spatial (artwork site) - locati: dct:Spatial (extact site) - covera: dct:Spatial (address) - artwoc: dct:Spatial (county) - artwod: dct:relation - langua: dct:language - titla: oregon:cco/viewDescription - digita: oregon:dateDigitized - captur: oregon:conversionSpecification - type: dct:type - formaa: dct:format - digitb: dct:Extent - color: exif:colorSpace - imaga: method:processing_history - missin: #SKIP (missing items?) - full: oregon:fullText - metada: #SKIP (metadata creator) - image: #SKIP (image scanner) - catalo: #SKIP (cataloging status) - load: #SKIP (load date) - rights: dct:rights - contri: dct:contributor - publis: dct:publisher - collec: oregon:isPartOf/set - contra: oregon:contributingInstitution From 4b821ceacf545992483afd4b901d28ba13a7d239 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Fri, 23 May 2014 13:01:49 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 059/186] Create mapping_percent.yml --- mapping_percent.yml | 84 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 84 insertions(+) create mode 100644 mapping_percent.yml diff --git a/mapping_percent.yml b/mapping_percent.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f6ffb71 --- /dev/null +++ b/mapping_percent.yml @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/terms/" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" + bibo: "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/" + foaf: "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" + geo: "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" + frbr: "http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/" + mads: "http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#" + marcrel: "http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/" + modsrdf: "http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/modsrdf/v1/" + premis: "http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v1#" + oregon: "http://tom.oregonstate.edu/" + vra: “http://purl.org/vra/” + swpo: "http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal#" + schema: "http://schema.org/" + iol: "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/IOLite.owl#" + daia: "http://uri.gbv.de/ontology/daia/" + exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns" + geosp: "http://rdf.geospecies.org/ont/geospecies#" + nfo: "http://www.semanticdesktop.org/ontologies/2007/03/22/nfo/v1.2/" + nco: "http://www.semanticdesktop.org/ontologies/2007/03/22/nco#" + swpo: "http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal#" + + # + # percent + # + projea: swpo:forProject + projec: dct:isPartOf + identi: dct:isPartOf + oac: dct:identifier + title: dct:title + altern: dct:Alternative + series: dct:isPartOf + descrb: dct:description + descra: dct:description + dscri: modsref:note + artist: dct:description + lc: dct:subject + aat: dct:subject + place: dct:subject + people: dct:subject + creato: dct:creator + artisb: modsref:note + artisa: modsref:note + artisc: dct:relation + region: modsref:note + data: dct:date + date: dct:date + commis: dct:description + datb: dct:date + instal: dct:description + format: vra:workType + artwor: vra:measurements + materi: vra:materials + source: dct:format (source format) + sourcb: dct:Extent (source obj dimensions) + artwob: dct:Spatial (artwork site) + locati: dct:Spatial (extact site) + covera: dct:Spatial (address) + artwoc: dct:Spatial (county) + artwod: dct:relation + langua: dct:language + titla: oregon:cco/viewDescription + digita: oregon:dateDigitized + captur: oregon:conversionSpecification + type: dct:type + formaa: dct:format + digitb: dct:Extent + color: exif:colorSpace + imaga: method:processing_history + missin: #SKIP (missing items?) + full: oregon:fullText + metada: #SKIP (metadata creator) + image: #SKIP (image scanner) + catalo: #SKIP (cataloging status) + load: #SKIP (load date) + rights: dct:rights + contri: dct:contributor + publis: dct:publisher + collec: oregon:isPartOf/set + contra: oregon:contributingInstitution From 5ddc52dccb7fec443c54e8368a1c170087e7786d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Wed, 4 Jun 2014 16:18:34 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 060/186] July_mappings_uostock mapping for UO Stock photos to be reviewed --- uostock.yml | 59 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 59 insertions(+) create mode 100644 uostock.yml diff --git a/uostock.yml b/uostock.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9a20204 --- /dev/null +++ b/uostock.yml @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +namespaces: + rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/terms/" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" + bibo: "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/" + foaf: "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" + geo: "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" + frbr: "http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/" + mads: "http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#" + marcrel: "http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/" + modsrdf: "http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/modsrdf/v1/" + premis: "http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v1#" + oregon: "http://tom.oregonstate.edu/" + vra: “http://purl.org/vra/” + swpo: "http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal#" # do we need this? + schema: "http://schema.org/" + iol: "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/IOLite.owl#" + daia: "http://uri.gbv.de/ontology/daia/" + exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns" + rdvocab: "http://rdvocab.info/roles" (not sure if correct URL) + + # + # uostock + # +title: dct: title +creato: dct: creator +subjec: dct:subject +buildi: dct:subject +event: dct:subject +descri: dct:description +season: dct:subject +genre: dct:subject +note: modsref:note +people: dct:subject +publis: dct:publisher +date: dct:date +type: dct:type +format: dct:format +photo: modsref:note (orientation of photo- ok?) +phota: rdag1:colourContent +identi: dct:identifier +source: dct:source +relati: dct:IsPartOf +donor: dct:contributor +proces: oregon:conversionSpecifications +data: oregon:dateDigitized +rights: dct:rights +metada: # SKIP +scanni: # SKIP +catalo: # SKIP +digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +contri: oregon:contributingInstitution From a5c8218328531c5bb2f5e9d3610b2445e8f00079 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Wed, 4 Jun 2014 16:18:52 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 061/186] Rename uostock.yml to mappings.uostock.yml --- uostock.yml => mappings.uostock.yml | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename uostock.yml => mappings.uostock.yml (100%) diff --git a/uostock.yml b/mappings.uostock.yml similarity index 100% rename from uostock.yml rename to mappings.uostock.yml From 4e9ec162d8190553a36885e636c938c40e0fc050 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Wed, 11 Jun 2014 10:28:34 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 062/186] updates added methods and other updates from meeting 6/10. --- mappings_Bestof.yml | 26 +++++++++++++------------- 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_Bestof.yml b/mappings_Bestof.yml index 6b9a46d..fdc9c3b 100644 --- a/mappings_Bestof.yml +++ b/mappings_Bestof.yml @@ -28,29 +28,29 @@ # # Bestof # -title: dct:identifier -additb: dct:identifier +title: method:IDasTitle +additb: method:IDasTitle descra: dct:Alternative descri: dct:description -subjec: dct:subject -names: dct:subject -corpor: dct:subject +subjec: method:lc +names: method:lc (lcnaf) +corpor: method:lc covera: dct:Spatial -sub: dct:subject -temp: dct:subject +sub: method:lc (tgm) +temp: method:lc creato: dct:creator data: oregon:cco/viewDate rights: dct:rights -reposi: dct:IsPartOf -relati: dct:IsPartOf +reposi: marcrel:repository +relati: dct:IsPartOf (might create a method tag for sub collections) collec: dct:IsPartOf collea: oad:has_findingAid -sourca: dct:source -source: dct:source +sourca: dct:extent +source: method:format sourcb: schema:itemCondition -type: dct:type +type: method:type image: dct:extent -format: dct:format +format: method:format imagd: exif:width imagc: exif:height color: exif:colorSpace From ac382638a87db3fc4a4276fdd02f19008275700b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Wed, 11 Jun 2014 10:49:48 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 063/186] Update mappings_jasr.yml added methods --- mappings_jasr.yml | 22 +++++++++++----------- 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_jasr.yml b/mappings_jasr.yml index 25c9d22..aeab481 100644 --- a/mappings_jasr.yml +++ b/mappings_jasr.yml @@ -21,28 +21,28 @@ exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns" geosp: "http://rdf.geospecies.org/ont/geospecies#" - # + # # jasr # -title: dct:isPartOf +title: dct:title covera: dct:temporal datea: # SKIP -subjec: dct:subject -corpor: dct:subject +subjec: method:lc +corpor: method:lc creato: dct:creator publis: dct:publisher -date: dct:date -type: dct:type -format: dct:format +date: method:date +type: method:type +format: method:format identi: dct:identifier source: daia:label -langua: dct:language +langua: method:language collec: dct:IsPartOf collea: dct:IsPartOf collea: oad:has_findingAid -box: dct:isPartOf -folder: dct:isPartOf -rights: dct:rights +box: # SKIP +folder: # SKIP +rights: method:rights full: oregon:fullText datedi: oregon:dateDigitized proces: oregon:conversionSpecifications From 661c628e978481d7820ec85ce34e44f55f05ddd9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Wed, 11 Jun 2014 11:32:00 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 064/186] Update mappings_Ulmann2.yml added methods --- mappings_Ulmann2.yml | 18 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_Ulmann2.yml b/mappings_Ulmann2.yml index ced35a8..989fc01 100644 --- a/mappings_Ulmann2.yml +++ b/mappings_Ulmann2.yml @@ -32,26 +32,26 @@ title: dct:title sourca: # SKIP old: dct:Alternative descri: dct:description -series: dct:subject -names: dct:subject -corpor: dct:subject +series: method:lc +names: method:lc +corpor: method:lc covera: dct:Spatial -lc: dct:subject -subjec: dct:subject +lc: method:lc +subjec: method:lc photog: dct:creator -date: dct:date +date: method:date reposi: dct:IsPartOf collec: dct:IsPartOf source: dct:IsPartOf album: dct:IsPartOf admin: dct:source -type: dc:type -format: dct:format +type: method:type +format: method:format scan: oregon:conversionSpecifications metada: # SKIP catala: # SKIP catalo: # SKIP -rights: dct:rights +rights: method:rights proven: dct:provenance relate: dct:IsVersionOf bandin: # SKIP From d0f651f94db90cf2ae83d31f5675bea96bfb2317 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Wed, 11 Jun 2014 11:44:52 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 065/186] Update mapping_comm.yml added methods --- mapping_comm.yml | 30 +++++++++++++++--------------- 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-) diff --git a/mapping_comm.yml b/mapping_comm.yml index 8e9c8af..b8e2515 100644 --- a/mapping_comm.yml +++ b/mapping_comm.yml @@ -25,24 +25,24 @@ namespaces: # # comm # -title: dct: identifier -titlb: dct: title -descri: dct: description -identi: dct: Alternative -date: dct: date -covera: method: geographic -creato: dct: creator -person: dct:subject -subjec: dct:subject -relati: dct: IsPartOf -collec: daia: label (for collection ID number- needed?) -sourca: daia: label +title: dct:identifier +titlb: dct:title +descri: dct:description +identi: dct:Alternative +date: method:date +covera: dct:Spatial +creato: dct:creator +person: method:lc (lcnaf) +subjec: method:lc +relati: dct:IsPartOf +collec: daia:label (for collection ID number- needed?) +sourca: daia:label source: vra:medium -type: dct:type +type: method:type publis: dct:publisher donor: dct:contributor -rights: dct:rights -format: dct:format +rights: method:rights +format: method:format date: oregon:dateDigitized captur: oregon:conversionSpecifications metadata: # SKIP From c60506df9a5d7b3edd8fbbbb2071c88658725c26 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Wed, 11 Jun 2014 12:37:56 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 066/186] Update mappings_diss.yml added methods --- mappings_diss.yml | 22 +++++++++++----------- 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_diss.yml b/mappings_diss.yml index cc5729a..62d2b43 100644 --- a/mappings_diss.yml +++ b/mappings_diss.yml @@ -24,24 +24,24 @@ # # diss # -title: dct:title -creato: dct:creator -subjec: dct:subject +title: dct:title (some French titles) +creato: method:lc (lcnaf for author) +subjec: method:lc (merge lc and MeSH) descri: dct:description -subjea: dct:subject -descra: dct:description -journa: swpo:containedInJournal -relati: schema:citation +subjea: dct:subject (French) +descra: dct:description (French) +journa: swpo:containedInJournal (some French titles) +relati: schema:citation (some French titles) publis: dct:publisher contri: dct:contributor date: dct:issued -type: dct:type -format: dct:format +type: method:type +format: method:format identi: dct:identifier data: oregon:dateDigitized source: daia:label -langua: dct:language -rights: dct:rights +langua: method:language +rights: method:rights proces: oregon:conversionSpecifications notes: modsref:note metada: # SKIP From 74ba2191e962de3bfa624df5c6b0a0eb86ed5e07 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Wed, 11 Jun 2014 13:33:01 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 067/186] Update mappings_latinoherit.yml added methods --- mappings_latinoherit.yml | 16 ++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_latinoherit.yml b/mappings_latinoherit.yml index 1bec2b6..fd97a8e 100644 --- a/mappings_latinoherit.yml +++ b/mappings_latinoherit.yml @@ -27,11 +27,11 @@ namespaces: # title: dct:title descri: dct:description -subjec: dct:subject +subjec: method:lc (merge for lc, getty, tgm) creato: dct:creator (empty field) photog: # SKIP (empty field, merge with above) -covera: dc:Spatial(empty field) -date: dct:date +covera: method:geographic (empty field) +date: method:date contri: dct:contributor (empty field) relate: dct:HasVersion source: # SKIP (empty field, merge with collec- title of collection) @@ -40,11 +40,11 @@ collec: dct:source (collection name) collea: dct:identifier (collection ID) relati: dct:IsPartOf (series in collection) identi: dct:identifier -donor: rdvocab:donor (can use dct:contributor again) -format: dct:format -type: dct:type -langua: dct:language -rights: dct:rights +donor: rdvocab: donor (can use dct: contributor again) +format: method:format +type: method:type +langua: method:language +rights: method:rights publis: dct:publisher digiti: oregon:conversionSpecifications digita: oregon:IsPartOf/set From 90af09cbc718fab361b55c96ed2ab23e130cdf53 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Wed, 11 Jun 2014 13:51:55 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 068/186] Update mappings_ode.yml added methods --- mappings_ode.yml | 8 ++++---- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_ode.yml b/mappings_ode.yml index ad4af15..0650fb2 100644 --- a/mappings_ode.yml +++ b/mappings_ode.yml @@ -33,12 +33,12 @@ editio: dct:title notes: modsref:note descri: dct:description contri: schema:editor -type: dct:type -format: dct:format +type: method:type +format: method:format identi: dct:identifier -langua: dct:language +langua: method:language relati: dct:relation -rights: dct:rights +rights: method:rights full: oregon:fullText metada: # SKIP digita: oregon:isPartOf/set From e89e1718c150004f5eb8cbb8bbd49559bcfbf617 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Wed, 11 Jun 2014 14:03:40 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 069/186] Update mappings_oimb.yml added methods --- mappings_oimb.yml | 20 ++++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_oimb.yml b/mappings_oimb.yml index 00547ac..5e76a1d 100644 --- a/mappings_oimb.yml +++ b/mappings_oimb.yml @@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ oregon: "http://tom.oregonstate.edu/" title: dct:identifier subjec: dct:title source: daia:label -subjec: dct:subject -sub: dct:subject -phlyum: dwc:phlyum -class: dwc:class -suba: dwc:genus +subjec: method:subject (ITIS, uBio, LC) +sub: method:subject (ITIS, uBio, Geonames, LC) +phlyum: dwc:phlyum (ITIS and uBio) +class: dwc:class (ITIS) +suba: dwc:genus suba: dwc:species common: dwc:vernacularName descri: dct:description @@ -22,14 +22,14 @@ covra: dct:Spatial creato: dct:creator id: dwc:identificationVerificationStatus slide: # SKIP -date: dct:date +date: method:date catalo: # SKIP local: dct:IsPartOf -type: dct:type -format: dct:format +type: method:type +format: method:format identi: dct:identifier -rights: dct:rights -digita: dct:IsPartOf +rights: method:rights +digita: oregon:isPartOf/set sourca: # SKIP contri: oregon:contributingInstitution From cf417f5ed55404e110ada36847a2b5846a6630ed Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Wed, 11 Jun 2014 14:49:55 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 070/186] Update mapping_percent.yml added methods --- mapping_percent.yml | 29 ++++++++++++++++------------- 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) diff --git a/mapping_percent.yml b/mapping_percent.yml index f6ffb71..5208b6c 100644 --- a/mapping_percent.yml +++ b/mapping_percent.yml @@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" # # percent + # + # + # percent # projea: swpo:forProject projec: dct:isPartOf @@ -38,36 +41,36 @@ rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" descra: dct:description dscri: modsref:note artist: dct:description - lc: dct:subject - aat: dct:subject - place: dct:subject - people: dct:subject - creato: dct:creator + lc: method:lc + aat: method:aat + place: dct:Spatial (mapped to sub in CDM) + people: method:lc (lcnaf) + creato: dct:creator (lcnaf and ulan) artisb: modsref:note artisa: modsref:note artisc: dct:relation region: modsref:note - data: dct:date - date: dct:date + data: method:date + date: method:date commis: dct:description - datb: dct:date + datb: method:date instal: dct:description format: vra:workType artwor: vra:measurements materi: vra:materials - source: dct:format (source format) + source: method:format (source format) sourcb: dct:Extent (source obj dimensions) artwob: dct:Spatial (artwork site) locati: dct:Spatial (extact site) covera: dct:Spatial (address) artwoc: dct:Spatial (county) artwod: dct:relation - langua: dct:language + langua: method:language titla: oregon:cco/viewDescription digita: oregon:dateDigitized captur: oregon:conversionSpecification - type: dct:type - formaa: dct:format + type: method:type + formaa: method:format digitb: dct:Extent color: exif:colorSpace imaga: method:processing_history @@ -77,7 +80,7 @@ rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" image: #SKIP (image scanner) catalo: #SKIP (cataloging status) load: #SKIP (load date) - rights: dct:rights + rights: method:rights contri: dct:contributor publis: dct:publisher collec: oregon:isPartOf/set From e08f5b63a0b029eecdce7f7bb43f28d5215a5353 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Wed, 11 Jun 2014 14:50:19 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 071/186] Update mapping_percent.yml --- mapping_percent.yml | 3 --- 1 file changed, 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/mapping_percent.yml b/mapping_percent.yml index 5208b6c..4cd86d2 100644 --- a/mapping_percent.yml +++ b/mapping_percent.yml @@ -26,9 +26,6 @@ rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" # # percent - # - # - # percent # projea: swpo:forProject projec: dct:isPartOf From 0b5fd4c64c67aa1b37ee0912af39767931830772 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Wed, 11 Jun 2014 14:58:35 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 072/186] Update mappings_tlegacies.yml added methods --- mappings_tlegacies.yml | 12 ++++++------ 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_tlegacies.yml b/mappings_tlegacies.yml index 857f68f..75aa7d1 100644 --- a/mappings_tlegacies.yml +++ b/mappings_tlegacies.yml @@ -32,24 +32,24 @@ altern: dct:Alternative creato: dct:creator cultur: vra:culture organi: dct:description -date: dct:Temporal +date: method:date time: dct:Temporal -langua: dct:language -lc: dct:subject +langua: method:language +lc: method:lc subjec: dct:subject descri: dct:description descra: dct:description geogra: dct:Spatial work: vra:workType -type: dct:type -format: dct:format +type: method:type +format: method:format reposi: dct:IsPartOf identi: dct:identifier size: dct:description number: dct:description nwda: oad:has_findingAid additi: # SKIP -rights: dct:rights +rights: method:rights catala: # SKIP repres: # SKIP publis: dct:publisher From 196ac6206443c6d278d247fd19dc5ce5809cc7c8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Wed, 11 Jun 2014 15:07:19 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 073/186] Update mappings.uostock.yml added methods --- mappings.uostock.yml | 12 ++++++------ 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings.uostock.yml b/mappings.uostock.yml index 9a20204..e259c85 100644 --- a/mappings.uostock.yml +++ b/mappings.uostock.yml @@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ namespaces: # title: dct: title creato: dct: creator -subjec: dct:subject -buildi: dct:subject +subjec: method:lc +buildi: dct:subject (not sure if some of these will have CVs) event: dct:subject descri: dct:description season: dct:subject @@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ genre: dct:subject note: modsref:note people: dct:subject publis: dct:publisher -date: dct:date -type: dct:type -format: dct:format +date: method:date +type: method:type +format: method:format photo: modsref:note (orientation of photo- ok?) phota: rdag1:colourContent identi: dct:identifier @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ relati: dct:IsPartOf donor: dct:contributor proces: oregon:conversionSpecifications data: oregon:dateDigitized -rights: dct:rights +rights: method:rights metada: # SKIP scanni: # SKIP catalo: # SKIP From 23974296f2603f5bfff72d8bf3e057a3e995ea1f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Wed, 11 Jun 2014 15:21:42 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 074/186] Update mappings_wwdl.yml added methods --- mappings_wwdl.yml | 20 ++++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_wwdl.yml b/mappings_wwdl.yml index 8874eae..4ad5468 100644 --- a/mappings_wwdl.yml +++ b/mappings_wwdl.yml @@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ titla: dct:alternative descri: dct:description pagina: schema:numberOfPages citati: schema:citation -subjec: dct:subject -lc: dct:subject -people: dct:subject -corpor: dct:subject -place: dct:Spatial +subjec: method:lc (lc and tgm) +lc: method:lc +people: method:lc (lcnaf) +corpor: method:lc (lcnaf) +place: method:geonames (not sure if right- was mapped to subject field) genre: rdag1:formOfWork author: mrel:aut photog: mrel:pht @@ -45,17 +45,17 @@ creato: dct:contributor previo: # SKIP (in the citation) date: dct:issued covera: dct:Temporal -publis: dct: publisher +publis: dct:publisher datedi: oregon:dateDigitized -rights: dct:rights +rights: method:rights reposi: dct:isPartOf relati: dct:isPartOf collec: dct:isPartOf additi: dct:HasVersion addita: dct:HasVersion -langua: dct:language -type: dct:type -format: dct:format +langua: method:language +type: method:type +format: method:format captur: oregon:conversionSpecifications file: rdag1:fileSize image: exif:width From e8079fc583e893318618db0c32b4b5d54bd2e971 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Fri, 13 Jun 2014 10:45:52 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 075/186] Create names_percent.jsonld creating a temp file for percent for art now to add to the names.jsonld later --- names_percent.jsonld | 5926 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 5926 insertions(+) create mode 100644 names_percent.jsonld diff --git a/names_percent.jsonld b/names_percent.jsonld new file mode 100644 index 0000000..86754e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/names_percent.jsonld @@ -0,0 +1,5926 @@ +{ + "@context": { + "title": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/title", + "label": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label", + "comment": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment", + "description": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description", + "isPartOf": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/isPartOf", + "publisher": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher", + "modified": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified", + "issued": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/issued", + "Collection": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/Collection", + "definedBy": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy", + "range": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range", + "domain": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain", + "date": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date", + "Property": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property", + "Class": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Class", + "subPropertyOf": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf", + "Organization": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Organization", + "Concept": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept", + "@language": "en", + "additionalName": "http://schema.org/additionalName", + "date": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date", + + }, + "@graph": [ + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt", + "modified": { + "@value": "2013-12-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "publisher": "Opaque Namespace", + "title": "VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER" + }, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbrahamsonMark", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-06-13", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Abrahamson, Mark", +"comment": "Artist.", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-06-13", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbrahamsonMark”, +"@type": "Property”, +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-06-13”, +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Abrahamson,Mark”, +"comment": "Artist.”, +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-06-13”, +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AdamsJim”, +”@type”: “Property”, +”definedBy”: { +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” +}, +”issued”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +}, +”label”: “Adams,Jim”, +”comment”: “Artist.”, +”modified”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +} +}, + + +{ +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AikenJohn”, +”@type”: “Property”, +”definedBy”: { +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” +}, +”issued”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +}, +”label”: “Aiken,John”, +”comment”: “Artist.”, +”modified”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +} +}, + + +{ +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AlkireDyann”, +”@type”: “Property”, +”definedBy”: { +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” +}, +”issued”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +}, +”label”: “Alkire,Dyann”, +”comment”: “Artist.”, + +”modified”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +} +}, + +{ +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AllaraMaxwell”, +”@type”: “Property”, +”definedBy”: { +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” +}, +”issued”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +}, +”label”: “Allara,Maxwell”, +”comment”: “Artist.”, +”modified”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +} +}, + +{ +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AllenBonnie”, +”@type”: “Property”, +”definedBy”: { +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” +}, +”issued”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +}, +”label”: “Allen,Bonnie”, +”comment”: “Artist.”, +”modified”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +} +}, + +{ +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AltfasJules”, +”@type”: “Property”, +”definedBy”: { +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” +}, +”issued”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +}, +”label”: “Altfas,Jules”, +”comment”: “Artist.”, +”modified”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +} +}, + +{ +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndersonElizabeth”, +”@type”: “Property”, +”definedBy”: { +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” +}, +”issued”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +}, +”label”: “Anderson,Elizabeth”, +”comment”: “Artist.”, +”modified”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +} +}, + +{ +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndersonThomas”, +”@type”: “Property”, +”definedBy”: { +“@id”: http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt +}, +”issued”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +}, +”label”: “Anderson,Thomas”, +”comment”: “Artist.”, +”modified”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +} +}, + + +{ +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndolinaGary”, +”@type”: “Property”, +”definedBy”: { +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” +}, +”issued”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +}, +”label”: “Andolina,Gary”, +”comment”: “Artist.”, +”modified”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +} +}, + +{ +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArchibaldJack”, +”@type”: “Property”, +”definedBy”: { +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” +}, +”issued”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +}, +”label”: “Archibald,Jack”, +”comment”: “Artist.”, +”modified”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +} +}, + +{ +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BaileyMark”, +”@type”: “Property”, +”definedBy”: { +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” +}, +”issued”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +}, +”label”: “Bailey,Mark”, +”comment”: “Artist.”, +”modified”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +} +}, + +{ +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BakerPam”, +”@type”: “Property”, +”definedBy”: { +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” +}, +”issued”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +}, +”label”: “Baker,Pam”, +”comment”: “Artist.”, +”modified”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +} +}, + +{ +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BarrRoger”, +”@type”: “Property”, +”definedBy”: { +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” +}, +”issued”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +}, +”label”: “Barr,Roger”, +”comment”: “Artist.”, +”modified”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +} +}, + +{ +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BartonTodd”, +”@type”: “Property”, +”definedBy”: { +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” +}, +”issued”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +}, +”label”: “Barton,Todd”, +”comment”: “Artist.”, +”modified”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +} +}, + +{ +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BauerMarlene”, +”@type”: “Property”, +”definedBy”: { +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” +}, +”issued”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +}, +”label”: “Bauer,Marlene”, +”comment”: “Artist.”, +”modified”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +} +}, + +{ +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BauguessJohn”, +”@type”: “Property”, +”definedBy”: { +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” +}, +”issued”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +}, +”label”: “Bauguess,John”, +”comment”: “Artist.”, +”modified”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +} +}, + +{ +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BayardAllenB.”, +”@type”: “Property”, +”definedBy”: { +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” +}, +”issued”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +}, +”label”: “Bayard,Allen B.”, +”comment”: “Artist.”, +”modified”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +} +}, + +{ +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeattySteven”, +”@type”: “Property”, +”definedBy”: { +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” +}, +”issued”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +}, +”label”: “Beatty,Steven”, +”comment”: “Artist.”, +”modified”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +} +}, + +{ +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeemanPete”, +”@type”: “Property”, +”definedBy”: { +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” +}, +”issued”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +}, +”label”: “Beeman,Pete”, +”comment”: “Artist.”, +”modified”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +} +}, + +{ +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeersDebra”, +”@type”: “Property”, +”definedBy”: { +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” +}, +”issued”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +}, +”label”: “Beers,Debra”, +”comment”: “Artist.”, +”modified”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +} +}, + +{ +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BellLillian”, +”@type”: “Property”, +”definedBy”: { +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” +}, +”issued”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +}, +”label”: “Bell,Lillian”, +”comment”: “Artist.”, +”modified”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +} +}, + +{ +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BennettHarry”, +”@type”: “Property”, +”definedBy”: { +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” +}, +”issued”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +}, +”label”: “Bennett,Harry”, +”comment”: “Artist.”, +”modified”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +} +}, + +{ +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BennettPaul”, +”@type”: “Property”, +”definedBy”: { +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” +}, +”issued”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +}, +”label”: “Bennett,Paul”, +”comment”: “Artist.”, +”modified”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +} +}, + +{ +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BensonAndrea”, +”@type”: “Property”, +”definedBy”: { +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” +}, +”issued”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +}, +”label”: “Benson,Andrea”, +”comment”: “Artist.”, +”modified”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +} +}, + +{ +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeyettePam”, +”@type”: “Property”, +”definedBy”: { +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” +}, +”issued”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +}, +”label”: “Beyette,Pam”, +”comment”: “Artist.”, +”modified”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +} +}, + +{ +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BiggsFrank”, +”@type”: “Property”, +”definedBy”: { +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” +}, +”issued”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +}, +”label”: “Biggs,Frank”, +”comment”: “Artist.”, +”modified”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +} +}, + +{ +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BitarHelen”, +”@type”: “Property”, +”definedBy”: { +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” +}, +”issued”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +}, +”label”: “Bitar,Helen”, +”comment”: “Artist.”, +”modified”: { +“@value”: “2014-06-13”, +”@type”: “date” +} +}, + +{ +“@id”: 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+“@type”: “date” } }, { -“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZeeAllanBruce”, -”@type”: “Property”, -”definedBy”: { -“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZeeAllan Bruce”, +“@type”: “Property”, +“definedBy”: { +“@id”:”http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” +}, +“issued”: { +“@value”:”2014-06-13”, +“@type”: “date” }, -”issued”: { +“label”: “Zee, Allan Bruce”, +”comment”: ”Artist”, +“modified”: { “@value”: “2014-06-13”, -”@type”: “date” +“@type”: “date” +} +}, + +{ +“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZettlerVincent”, +“@type”: “Property”, +“definedBy”: { +“@id”:”http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” }, -”label”: “Zee,Allan Bruce”, -”comment”: “Artist.”, -”modified”: { +“issued”: { +“@value”:”2014-06-13”, +“@type”: “date” +}, +“label”: “Zettler, Vincent”, +”comment”: ”Artist”, +“modified”: { “@value”: “2014-06-13”, -”@type”: “date” +“@type”: “date” } }, { “@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoSuikang”, -”@type”: “Property”, -”definedBy”: { -“@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” +“@type”: “Property”, +“definedBy”: { +“@id”:”http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” }, -”issued”: { -“@value”: “2014-06-13”, -”@type”: “date” +“issued”: { +“@value”:”2014-06-13”, +“@type”: “date” }, -”label”: “Zhao,Suikang”, -”comment”: “Artist.”, -”modified”: { +“label”: “Zhao, Suikang”, +”comment”: ”Artist”, +“modified”: { “@value”: “2014-06-13”, -”@type”: “date” +“@type”: “date” } }, + + From 760729b5744faa4de16a9f3baaabc1b2b5ab26c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Mon, 16 Jun 2014 10:38:47 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 077/186] Create mappings_uopres.yml --- mappings_uopres.yml | 76 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 76 insertions(+) create mode 100644 mappings_uopres.yml diff --git a/mappings_uopres.yml b/mappings_uopres.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ce3c503 --- /dev/null +++ b/mappings_uopres.yml @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +namespaces: + rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/terms/" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" + bibo: "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/" + foaf: "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" + geo: "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" + frbr: "http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/" + mads: "http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#" + marcrel: "http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/" + modsrdf: "http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/modsrdf/v1/" + premis: "http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v1#" + oregon: "http://tom.oregonstate.edu/" + vra: “http://purl.org/vra/” + swpo: "http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal#" # do we need this? + schema: "http://schema.org/" + iol: "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/IOLite.owl#" + daia: "http://uri.gbv.de/ontology/daia/" + exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns" + rdvocab: "http://rdvocab.info/roles" (not sure if correct URL) + + # + # uopres + # + + identi: dct:identifier + title: dct: title + altern: dct:alternative + docume: dct:IsPartOf + descri: dct:description + number: schema:numberOfPages + subjec: method:lc + tgm: method:tgm (lc sub) + theme: method:subject ( ) + people: method:subject ( ) + corpor: method:lcnaf + place: dct:Spatial + creato: dct:creator + contri: dct:contributor + date: method:date + rights: method:rights + reposi: marcrel:repository + collec: dct:IsPartOf + collea: dct:IsPartOf + box: dct:IsPartOf + folder: dct:IsPartOf + ambros: # SKIP + type: method:type + format: method:format + langua: method:language + full: oregon:FullText + addita: dct:HasVersion + datedi: oregon:dateDigitized + captur: oregon:conversionSpecifications + file: rdag1:fileSize + image: exof:width + imaga: exif:height + color: exif:colorSpace + resolu: exif:resolution + proces: method:processing_history + metada: # SKIP + imagb: # SKIP + imagc: # SKIP + catalo: # SKIP + catala: # SKIP + load: # SKIP + publis: dct:publisher + digita: oregon:isPartOf/set + contra: oregon:contributingInstitution From 91e4f868d4de5b5757632d71220e42c7abcddc4f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Mon, 16 Jun 2014 11:41:20 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 078/186] Create mappings_univ.yml --- mappings_univ.yml | 66 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 66 insertions(+) create mode 100644 mappings_univ.yml diff --git a/mappings_univ.yml b/mappings_univ.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b9d2f79 --- /dev/null +++ b/mappings_univ.yml @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +namespaces: + rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/terms/" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" + bibo: "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/" + foaf: "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" + geo: "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" + frbr: "http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/" + mads: "http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#" + marcrel: "http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/" + modsrdf: "http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/modsrdf/v1/" + premis: "http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v1#" + oregon: "http://tom.oregonstate.edu/" + vra: “http://purl.org/vra/” + swpo: "http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal#" # do we need this? + schema: "http://schema.org/" + iol: "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/IOLite.owl#" + daia: "http://uri.gbv.de/ontology/daia/" + exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns" + rdvocab: "http://rdvocab.info/roles" (not sure if correct URL) + + # + # univ + # + + title: dct:title + creato: dct:creator + subjec: method:subject ( ) + lc: method:lc + buildi: method:subject (buildings) + place: dct:Spatial + people: method:lcnaf + names: method:lcnaf + corpor: method:lcnaf + event: schema:event + descri: dct:description + notesa: modsref: note (notes on back) + peopla: dct:description (people in image- keep?) + publis: dct:publisher + date: method:date + type: method:type + format: method:format + identi: dct:identifier + source: dct:source + relati: dct:relation + issuin: # SKIP (issuing department- "Libraries"; useless info, skip) + collec: dct:IsPartOf + collea: dct:IsPartOf + box: dct:IsPartOf + folder: dct:IsPartOf + proces: method:processing_history + datea: oregon:dateDigitized + rights: method:rights + notes: modsref: note + metada: # SKIP + imagin: # SKIP + catalo: # SKIP + digita: oregon:isPartOf/set + contri: oregon:contributingInstitution From 97001c05f97cc27f8a9b2f7abb9a58901b765a38 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Tue, 17 Jun 2014 12:42:54 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 079/186] Update mappings_diss.yml typo fix --- mappings_diss.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/mappings_diss.yml b/mappings_diss.yml index 62d2b43..fabd53f 100644 --- a/mappings_diss.yml +++ b/mappings_diss.yml @@ -49,5 +49,5 @@ image: # SKIP ambros: # SKIP catalo: # SKIP digita: oregon:isPartOf/set -full: oregon:full +full: oregon:fullText contra: oregon:contributingInstitution From 67d3aafc2a20a273a923925e98136f5904e161f2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Fri, 27 Jun 2014 09:53:53 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 080/186] Create mappings_Manuscripts.yml --- mappings_Manuscripts.yml | 77 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 77 insertions(+) create mode 100644 mappings_Manuscripts.yml diff --git a/mappings_Manuscripts.yml b/mappings_Manuscripts.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d0cf7f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/mappings_Manuscripts.yml @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ + rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/terms/" + dcterms: "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" + bibo: "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/" + foaf: "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" + geo: "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" + frbr: "http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/" + mads: "http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#" + marcrel: "http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/" + modsrdf: "http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/modsrdf/v1/" + premis: "http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v1#" + oregon: "http://tom.oregonstate.edu/" + vra: “http://purl.org/vra/” + swpo: "http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal#" # do we need this? + schema: "http://schema.org/" + iol: "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/IOLite.owl#" + daia: "http://uri.gbv.de/ontology/daia/" + exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns" + + # + # Manuscripts + # + + title: dct:title + identi: dct:identifier + shelfm: daia:label + descri: dct:description + conten: dct:description + titla: dct:Alternative + altern: dct:Alternative + subjec: method:subject + keywor: method:subject + genre: method:subject + part: dct:HasPart + creato: dct:creator + scribe: dct:contributor + artist: dct:contributor + contri: dct:contributor + datc: method:date + datb: method:date + date: oregon:dateDigitized + publis: dct:publisher + langua: method:language + reposi: dct:IsPartOf + sourcb: dct:Extent + sourcc: dct:Extent + sourcd: dct:Medium #not sure + source: dct:Alternative + collec: dct:IsPartOf + collea: dct:identifier + notes: modsref:note + layout: modsref:note + illust: modsref:note + decora: modsref:note + bindin: modsref:note + waterm: modsref:note + condit: schema:itemCondition + restor: modsref:note + proven: dct:provenance + contra: modsref:note + prefer: schema:citation + rights: method:rights + acknow: modsref:note + type: method:type + format: method:format + captur: #SKIP + datd: #merge with date: (same as Date Digital) + imagb: #SKIP + imagc: #SKIP + metada: #SKIP + metadb: #SKIP + digita: oregon:IsPartOf/set + full: oregon:FullText + From 380fb534e7d88794890e8b237d56bd870a4b5854 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Mon, 30 Jun 2014 15:20:26 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 081/186] Update mappings_jasr.yml fixes --- mappings_jasr.yml | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_jasr.yml b/mappings_jasr.yml index aeab481..3085143 100644 --- a/mappings_jasr.yml +++ b/mappings_jasr.yml @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ daia: "http://uri.gbv.de/ontology/daia/" exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns" geosp: "http://rdf.geospecies.org/ont/geospecies#" - + oad: "http://lod.xdams.org/reload/oad/" # # jasr # @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ source: daia:label langua: method:language collec: dct:IsPartOf collea: dct:IsPartOf -collea: oad:has_findingAid +colleb: oad:has_findingAid box: # SKIP folder: # SKIP rights: method:rights From cd2e14fc10f98f3c05cf12cc4cc45157f67ddf36 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Thu, 10 Jul 2014 07:24:59 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 082/186] added agents from AAI/Licensed/Archivision/Lowenstam --- names.jsonld | 109103 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 109103 insertions(+) diff --git a/names.jsonld b/names.jsonld index 410352d..dbf2574 100644 --- a/names.jsonld +++ b/names.jsonld @@ -31258,6 +31258,109109 @@ } }, +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuAnming", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xu, Anming", +"comment": "China Publications Center; Modern China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. Chinese Woodcuts, Beijing: Guozi Shudian, 1965. Chinese painter, self taught, born in Beijing", +"date": "b. 1960", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BakewllJohn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bakewll, John", +"comment": "AIA Historical Directory of American Architects: ahd1001856. ", +"date": "1872-1963", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BernhardJamesV", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bernhard, James V.", +"comment": "AIA Historical Directory of American Architects: ahd1003296. ", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BrookmanHerman", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Brookman, Herman", +"comment": "AIA Historical Directory of American Architects: ahd1005224. ", +"date": "d. 1973", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CleavelandHenryWilliam", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cleaveland, Henry William", +"comment": "AIA Historical Directory of American Architects: ahd1007978. ", +"date": "1827-1919", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DotyHaroldWade", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Doty, Harold Wade", +"comment": "AIA Historical Directory of American Architects: ahd1011515. ", +"date": "died 1941", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ErtzCharlesWalter", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ertz, Charles Walter", +"comment": "AIA Historical Directory of American Architects: ahd1012921. ", +"date": "1887-1979", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FoulkesEdwardT", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Foulkes, Edward T.", +"comment": "AIA Historical Directory of American Architects: ahd1014386. ", +"date": "1874-1967", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FritschFredA", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fritsch, Fred A.", +"comment": "AIA Historical Directory of American Architects: ahd1014864. ", +"date": "died 1935", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GordonWalterLyle", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gordon, Walter Lyle", +"comment": "AIA Historical Directory of American Architects: ahd1016527. ", +"date": "active 1947-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MalkusLloyd", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Malkus, Lloyd", +"comment": "AIA Historical Directory of American Architects: ahd1028033. ", +"date": "died 1962", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MarksRaymondOtto", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Marks, Raymond Otto", +"comment": "AIA Historical Directory of American Architects: ahd1028327. ", +"date": "active 2nd half of the 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MauryCharlesF", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Maury, Charles F.", +"comment": "AIA Historical Directory of American Architects: ahd1028896. American architect, San Francisco", +"date": "dies 1960", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ParkerJamieson", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Parker, Jamieson", +"comment": "AIA Historical Directory of American Architects: ahd1033981. ", +"date": "1895-1939", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PerryWarrenCharles", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Perry, Warren Charles", +"comment": "AIA Historical Directory of American Architects: ahd1034729. ", +"date": "died 1980", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PipesWade", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Pipes, Wade", +"comment": "AIA Historical Directory of American Architects: ahd1035274. ", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchachtEmil", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Schacht, Emil", +"comment": "AIA Historical Directory of American Architects: ahd1039354. ", +"date": "1854-1926", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShellFrankLawrence", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shell, Frank Lawrence", +"comment": "AIA Historical Directory of American Architects: ahd1040677. ", +"date": "died 2006", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StaffordJohnEdward", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Stafford, John Edward", +"comment": "AIA Historical Directory of American Architects: ahd1042601. 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Copyist of portions of the Materia Medica ms. owned by Freer Gallery", +"date": "1224", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbdulAziz", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Abdul-Aziz", +"comment": "Falk, Toby, ed.; Treatures of Islam, London: Philip Wilson Publishers, Ltd., 1985 (0856671967). alternate name: 'Abd ul-'Aziz Safavid ms painter", +"date": "active 1520-1530", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Abdülbâki", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Abdülbâki", +"comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. Ottoman calligrapher", +"date": "17th-18th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbdulrahimAnbarinQalam", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "'Abdulrahim 'Anbarin-Qalam", +"comment": "Falk, Toby, ed.; Treasures of Islam, London: Philip Wilson Publishers, Ltd., 1985. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbdulRahmanJami", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Abdul-Rahman Jami", +"comment": "Simpson, Marianna Shreve; Sultan Ibrahim Mirza's Haft Awrang: A Princely Manuscript from Sixteenth-Century Iran, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997 (0300068026). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbeMikishi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Abe, Mikishi", +"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbeSadayo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Abe, Sadayo", +"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbeilleJack", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Abeille, Jack", +"comment": "Rennert, Jack; Posters of the Belle Epoque: the Wine Spectator Collection, New York: Wine Spectator Press, 1990. ", +"date": "b. 1873", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbramsonRichardH", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Abramson, Richard H.", +"comment": "Holliday, Peter James; Origins of Roman Historical Commemoration in the Visual Arts, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. ", +"date": "21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbramtsevoFurnitureWorkshop", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Abramtsevo Furniture Workshop", +"comment": "Blakesley, Rosalind; Arts and Crafts Movement, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2006. ", +"date": "late 19th-early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbrosimovPavelV", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Abrosimov, Pavel V.", +"comment": "Ades, Dawn et al.; Art and Power: Europe Under the Dictators 1930-45, London: Thames and Hudson, 1995. ", +"date": "1930s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbuIbrahimAhmedEmir", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Abu Ibrahim Ahmed, Emir", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "856-863", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbuIshaqIbrahimIIEmir", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Abu Ishaq Ibrahim II, Emir", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "875-902", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbuJafarAbdallahibnMuhammadalMansurCaliph", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Abu Ja'far Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Mansur, Caliph", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "712-775", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbuYaqubYusufibnAbdalMumin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Abu Ya'qub Yusuf ibn 'Abd al-Mu'min", +"comment": "Barrucand, Marianne and Achim Bednorz; Moorish Architecture in Andalucia, Los Angeles: Taschen GmbH, 2007. Almohad or simply Abu Ya'qib Yusef or Yusef I", +"date": "r. 1163-1184", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbuYusufYaqubibnAbdAlHaqq", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd Al-Haqq", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Marinid ruler of Morocco", +"date": "died 1286", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbulFayudKhan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Abu'l Fayud Khan", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbulHasan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Abu'l Hasan", +"comment": "Falk, Toby, ed.; Treatures of Islam, London: Philip Wilson Publishers, Ltd., 1985 (0856671967). Alternate name: Nadir al-Zaman", +"date": "1588-ca.1635", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbulMaaliNasrullah", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Abu'l-Ma'ali Nasrullah", +"comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. alternate name: Nizamuddin Abu'l-Ma'ali Nasrullah", +"date": "active mid 12th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AchenbachArchitekten+Design", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Achenbach Architekten + Design", +"comment": "Stang, Alanna and Christopher Hawthorne; Green House: New Directions in Sustainable Architecture, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2005. ", +"date": "active early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AckerGregory", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Acker, Gregory", +"comment": "Bainbridge, David A., Judy Corbett and John Hofacre; Village Homes' solar house designs : a collection of 43 energy-conscious house designs, Emmaus, PA: Rodale Press, 1979. ", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21 century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AckermanChantal", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ackerman, Chantal", +"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", +"date": "born 1950", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AcklandJH", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ackland, J.H.", +"comment": "Thiebaut, Jacques; Les Cathédrales Gothiques en Picarde, Amiens: C.R.D.P, 1987. ", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AdachiYoshiyuki", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Adachi, Yoshiyuki", +"comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Adam", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Adam", +"comment": "Lassus, Jean Baptiste Antoine and Amaury-Duval; Monographie de la Cathédrale de Chartres, Paris: Imprimerie impériale, 1842-1865. ", +"date": "active 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AdamsCecilia", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Adams, Cecilia", +"comment": "Wildman, Stephen and John Christian; Edward Burne-Jones: Victorian Artist-Dreamer, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, distributed by Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1998. ", +"date": "b. 1876, fl. 1901-1917", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AdamsDaniel", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Adams, Daniel", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1810-1885", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AdamsMarionHooper", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Adams, Marion Hooper", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1843-1885", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AdamsSF", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Adams, S. F.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AdamsWinifredBrady", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Adams, Winifred Brady", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American painter; associated with the Hoosier Group", +"date": "1871-1955", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AdyThomas", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ady, Thomas", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active mid 17th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AffichesAmericaines", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Affiches Americaines", +"comment": "Daniel, Noel; Magic: 1400s-1950s, Cologne: Taschen, 2009. CH Levy, 4 Rue Martel, Paris", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AgnoliKathleen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Agnoli, Kathleen", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Agulló", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Agulló", +"comment": "Robinson, William H, Jordi Falgàs, and Carmen Belen Lord; Barcelona and Modernity: Picasso, Gaudí, Miró, Dalí, Cleveland, New Haven: Cleveland Museum of Art, Yale University Press, 2006. ", +"date": "active ca. 1935", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AhXian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ah, Xian", +"comment": "China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. Chinese painter, lives in Australia", +"date": "b. 1960", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AhmadibnTulun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ahmad ibn Tulun", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "835-884", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AhmadibnUwaysSultan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ahmad ibn Uways, Sultan", +"comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. ", +"date": "r. 1382-1410", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AhMaxam", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ah-Maxam", +"comment": "Reents-Budet, Dorie; Painting the Maya Universe: Royal Ceramics form the Classic Period, Durham; London: Duke University Press, 1994. Naranjo, Guatemala", +"date": "ca. 750-800", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AhmenibnalHusaynibnalAhnaf", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ahmen ibn al-Husayn ibn al-Ahnaf", +"comment": "Ettinghausen, Richard; Arab Painting, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1977. 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Shop located 'nearly opposite the Market-House, Lancaster.'", +"date": "active 1833", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/alDinKamalibnYunus", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "al-Din, Kamal ibn Yunus", +"comment": "Atil, Esin, ed.; Islamic Art and Patronage: Treasures from Kuwait, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1990. author", +"date": "active 1230-1238", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AldopheAlbertPhilippe", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Aldophe, Albert-Philippe", +"comment": "Wynants, Maurits; Des Ducs de Brabant aux Villages Congolais: Tervuren et l'Exposition coloniale 1897, Tervuren: Musee royal de l'Afrique centrale, 1997. 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Founder of the Pagan Empire, his full name was Maha Yaza Thiri-Aniruddha Dewa", +"date": "1015-1078", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AnderliniPietro", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Anderlini, Pietro", +"comment": "Gurrieri, Francesco and Patrizia Fabbri; Palaces of Florence, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1996. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndersonDavid", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Anderson, David", +"comment": "Wikipedia. Scottish sculptor", +"date": "active ca. 1828-1840", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndersonDiederichNicolaus", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Anderson, Diederich Nicolaus", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "d. 1767", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndersonEdgar", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Anderson, Edgar", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Slide info.", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndersonFRichards", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Anderson, F. Richards", +"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999 (0939802872). Mainly a costume designer. Credited with the interior design of New Amsterdam Theater (1903) on New York's 42nd Street.", +"date": "born 1875", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndersonJ", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Anderson, J.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. American Illustrator", +"date": "ca. 1900", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndersonJoyce", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Anderson, Joyce", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Slide info.", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndreevAA", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Andreev, A. A.", +"comment": "Blackwell, Lewis; Twentieth-Century Type, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1992. Russian artist and graphic designer", +"date": "active ca. 1910", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndrewsJohn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Andrews, John", +"comment": "Laughlin, Clarence John; Ghosts Along the Mississippi: an Essay in the Poetic Interpretation of Louisiana's Plantation Architecture, New York; London: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1948. Plantation owner and builder of Belle Grove Plantation house", +"date": "mid 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndricakisNicos", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Andricakis, Nicos", +"comment": "Themelis, Petros G.; Delphi Museum: A Complete Guide to the Museum, Athens: Ekdotike Athenon, 1981. art director", +"date": "active 1980s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AnnandBooneandLei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Annand, Boone, and Lei", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Portland architectural firm in mid-20th century", +"date": "1953", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AnnaqqashMasudibnAhmad", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Annaqqash, Mas'ud ibn Ahmad", +"comment": "Piotrovsky, M.B. and Rogers, J.M., eds.; Heaven On Earth: Art from Islamic Lands: Works from The State Hermitage Museum and the Khalili Collection, New York: Prestel Publishing, 2004. ", +"date": "1163", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AnnesleyRichardArthurGrove", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Annesley, Richard Arthur Grove", +"comment": "thepeerage.com. ", +"date": "1879-1966", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Anraku", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Anraku", +"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Anrakusai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Anrakusai", +"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AnselmodiCampione", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Anselmo di Campione", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active late 12th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AnstedH", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ansted, H.", +"comment": "Welander, David; History, Art, and Architecture of Glouchester Cathedral, Wolfeboro Falls, NH: Alan Sutton, 1991. ", +"date": "active early 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AntarA", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Antar, A.", +"comment": "Hillenbrand, Robert; Islamic Architecture: Form, Function and Meaning, New York: Columbia University Press, 1994. illustrator for Hillenbrand book", +"date": "active 1994", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AntonSchrollandCo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Anton Schroll & Co.", +"comment": "Curtius, Ludwig; Antike Rom, Wien: Verlag Anton Schroll & Co., 1944. Spengergasse 37 1051 Vienna 544-56-41 (t) 544-56-41-66 (f) Also in Munich", +"date": "1884-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AoyagiTeison", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Aoyagi, Teison", +"comment": "Meiji kaikaki no nishikie (Meiji Japan through woodblock prints), Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1989. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ApelliandVaresioItaly", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Apelli & Varesio, Italy", +"comment": "Fiell, Charlotte. Modern Furniture Classics since 1945. Washington, D.C. : American Institute of Architects Press, c1991.. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AqaMirak", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Aqa Mirak", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. alternate names: Agha Mirak, in full Sayyid Aqa Jalal Ad-din Mirak Al-hasani Persian painter, an admired portraitist and an excellent colourist, who painted in a sumptuous style. A descendant of the Prophet Muhammad and a native of Esfahan, he worked mostly in Tabriz, the capital of the Safavid empire. He knew the Persian painter Behzad, who was director of the royal library and its manager of manuscript illustration. Aqa Mirak, as one of the senior court artists, was a colleague of the highly regarded painter Sultan Muhammad. He also was the teacher of Shah Quli, a Persian painter later active at the court of the Ottoman sultan Süleyman the Magnificent. A bon vivant and poet, Aqa Mirak became a boon companion of the Safavid Shah Tahmasp I, who was a committed patron of the arts.", +"date": "fl. 16th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AqaRiza", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Aqa Riza", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Persian", +"date": "fl ca. 1580-ca. 1610", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AraiHirokata", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Arai Hirokata", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. also known as Arai Kanpo, also Arai Kanjuro; known for painting Buddhist themes but also painted warriors and bird and flower paintings.", +"date": "1878-1945", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AraiKatsutoshi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Arai Katsutoshi", +"comment": "Tokyo National Museum; 100th Anniversary of the Japan Art Institute: Lineage of Modern Japanese Art, Tokyo: Japan Art Institute, 1998. ", +"date": "mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArakiJogen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Araki, Jogen", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1773-1824", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArakiKohei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Araki, Kohei", +"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArchizoomAssociation", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Archizoom Association", +"comment": "Fiell, Charlotte and Peter Fiell; Modern Chairs, Cologne: Taschen, 1993. ", +"date": "active 1966-1974", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArcTron3DGmbH", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "ArcTron 3D GmbH", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Ringstraße 8 93177 Altenthann Germany 09408 8501-0", +"date": "2003-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArensonMichael", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Arenson, Michael", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "second half 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArequipaPottery", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Arequipa Pottery", +"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. workshop developed by Frederick Hurten Rhead at a sanatorium for working-class tubercular women who were trained to apply decoration to thrown or molded pottery.", +"date": "1911-1918", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ARGEArchitektenReinbergTreberspurgRaith", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "ARGE Architekten Reinberg, Treberspurg, Raith", +"comment": "Reinberg, Georg W. and Matthias Boeckl; Reinberg: Ökologische Architektur: Entwurf, Planung, Ausführung = Ecological Architecture: Design, Planning, Realization, New York: SpringerWien, 2008. ", +"date": "active ca. 1988-1991", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AriaReyFredericode", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Aria Rey, Frederico de", +"comment": "Galmiche, Xavier; Havana Districts of Light, Paris: Vilo, 2001. ", +"date": "mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ARKhouseArchitects", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "ARK-house Architects", +"comment": "Stang, Alanna and Christopher Hawthorne; Green House: New Directions in Sustainable Architecture, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2005. ", +"date": "active early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArkinTiltArchitects", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Arkin Tilt Architects", +"comment": "Stang, Alanna and Christopher Hawthorne; Green House: New Directions in Sustainable Architecture, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2005. ", +"date": "active early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArkinDavid", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Arkin, David", +"comment": "McGregor, Suzi Moore and Nora Burba Trulsson; Living Homes: Sustainable Architecture and Design, San Francisco: Chronicle Press, 2008. American architect", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArlenAnn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Arlen, Ann", +"comment": "Broude, Norma and Mary D. 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", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AuzolleM", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Auzolle, M.", +"comment": "Rennert, Jack; Posters of the Belle Epoque: the Wine Spectator Collection, New York: Wine Spectator Press, 1990. ", +"date": "early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AveryGilesBushnell", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Avery, Giles Bushnell", +"comment": "Sprigg, June; Shaker Design, New York, London: Whitney Museum of American Art, W.W. Norton & Company, 1986. Shaker craftsman", +"date": "1815-1890", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AydakinAmir", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Aydakin, Amir", +"comment": "Metropolitan Museum of Art; Islamic World, Tokyo: Dai Nippon Printing Co., 1987. Egyptian amir. Coat of arms indicated that he served as a bunduqdar or bowman to a sultan.", +"date": "died 1285", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AyersJohnW", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ayers, John W.", +"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999 (0939802872). ", +"date": "1850-1914", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AylesfordHeneageFinchEarlof", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Aylesford, Heneage Finch, Earl of", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1751-1812", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AylonHelène", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Aylon, Helène", +"comment": "Heartney, Eleanor; Art & Today, New York: Phaidon Press, Inc., 2008. Jewish Artist", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AyshiibnIshrati", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ayshi ibn Ishrati", +"comment": "Simpson, Marianna Shreve; Sultan Ibrahim Mirza's Haft Awrang: A Princely Manuscript from Sixteenth-Century Iran, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997. Safavid calligrapher", +"date": "active 1560s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Azhar", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Azhar", +"comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. ", +"date": "ca. 1425-1450", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AzizAnthony", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Aziz, Anthony", +"comment": "Heartney, Eleanor; Art & Today, New York: Phaidon Press, Inc., 2008. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AZLAtelierZhanglei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "AZL Atelier Zhanglei", +"comment": "Roth, Manuela; Ecological Living, Kempen: teNeus Verlag, 2009. Chinese architecture firm", +"date": "active 2000-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AzusaSekkeiCoLtd", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Azusa Sekkei Co., Ltd.", +"comment": "New Look of Environmental Design For a Sustainable Environment and Society, Tokyo: Orange Book Co., Ltd., 2005. Japanese architectural firm", +"date": "active early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BBance", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "B. Bance", +"comment": "Calliat, Victor; Parallèle des maisons de Paris construites depuis 1830 jusqu'à nos jours, dessiné et publié par Victor Calliat, architecte, Paris: Bance, 1857-1864. Rue Croix des-Petit-Champs 25, Paris; Rue Bonapartr 13, en face l'Ecole de Beaux-Arts", +"date": "active mid 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BKohlbeckerandSohn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "B. Kohlbecker & Sohn", +"comment": "Hiesinger, Kathryn Bloom; Art Nouveau in Munich: Masters of Jugendstil from the Stadtmuseum, Munich, and Other Public and Private Collections, Philadelphia, Munich: Philadelphia Museum of Art, Prestel-Verlag, 1988. Munich", +"date": "1890-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BVoinchetArchitecte", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "B. Voinchet Architecte", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Boulevard Lacaussade 29 65000 Tarbes France", +"date": "active 19th-21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BabledFlorence", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Babled, Florence", +"comment": "Prache, Anne; Charttres Cathedral: image of the heavenly Jerusalem, Paris: CNRS Editions, 1993. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BachRobert", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bach, Robert", +"comment": "Calendar: thirty years of the Soviet State, 1917-1947, Moscow: Foreign Languages Pub. House, 1947. ", +"date": "active 1900", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BaconFranklinW", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bacon, Franklin W.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. photographer, worked with John W. Taylor", +"date": "1819-1901", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BadaShanren", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bada, Shanren", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). b22d22 Alternate name: Zhū Dā (朱耷), Pa-ta-shan-jen, 八大山人 Ming Dynasty (1624-1705) The artist we know as Bada Shanren was born in the last years of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) into a literary and artistic family that was one branch of the Ming imperial clan. Bada Shanren took refuge from advancing Qing armies in a Chan (Zen) Buddhist monastery. Intelligent, talented, and highly educated, he soon attained the rank of abbot and continued to live as a Buddhist monk for more than thirty years. His decision to leave the monastery coincided approximately with an episode of madness—whether real or feigned cannot be determined—followed by a brief, unhappy marriage, and, finally, a gradual adjustment to the demands of earning a living as an artist. Throughout his life—for his own safety—he concealed his identity as a Ming prince, but the construction of new identities was a recurrent strategy for Bada Shanren, and he frequently gave himself new pseudonyms that hinted at his shifting self-images. The artist's enigmatic pictures of fish, birds, plants, and landscapes are rendered in seemingly blunt but wonderfully subtle strokes of ink. Forms seem to break apart, cut off by the edge of album pages, leaving the center of the paper disconcertingly blank. Bug-eyed animals stare up at mossy rocks that appear to hover in midair. Habitually employing veiled language, Bada Shanren's inscriptions and highly allusive poems often add to the mystification. His art is famously difficult, and all his creations defy easy analysis. --http://www.persimmon-mag.com/winter2004/Bookreview5.htm ", +"date": "1624-1705", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BadenKarl", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Baden, Karl", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", +"date": "1952-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BadgerDanielD", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Badger, Daniel D.", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. of Daniel D. Badger Architectural Iron Works", +"date": "mid 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BaedekerK", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Baedeker, K.", +"comment": "Thomson, Richard. Seurat. Salem, N.H. : Salem House, 1985. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BagAlex", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bag, Alex", +"comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", +"date": "born 1969", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BâgéEtiennedeBishop", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bâgé, Etienne de, Bishop", +"comment": "Rupprecht, Bernhard; Romanische Skulptur in Frankreich, Munich: Hirmer Verlag München, (3777427403). ", +"date": "1112-1136", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BaggettNicholas", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Baggett, Nicholas", +"comment": "Girouard, Mark; Elizabethan Architecture: Its Rise and Fall, 1540-1640, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. ", +"date": "active ca. 1600", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BagozziAndrea", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bagozzi, Andrea", +"comment": "Schmidt, Peter and Mercedes da la Garza and Enrique Nalda; Maya, New York: Rizzoli, 1998. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BahadurAlchinYalantush", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bahadur, Alchin Yalantush", +"comment": "Hattstein, Markus and Peter Delius; Islam: Art and Architecture, Cologne: Könemann, 2000. Shaybanid general", +"date": "active 1646-1660", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BahelferMoses", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bahelfer, Moses", +"comment": "Fiedler, Jeannine and Peter Feierabend; Bauhaus, Cologne: Konemann, 2000. ", +"date": "active ca. 1930", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BaiDianxue", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bai, Dianxue", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Pai Tien-hsueh ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BaiMang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bai, Mang", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Yongding, Fujian Province; begin to study woodcut in 1943; original name: Wu Guhong; alternate name: 白芒", +"date": "born 1923", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BaiXuhao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bai, Xuhao", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Pai Hsu-hao", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BaiYiluo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bai, Yiluo", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Luoyang, Henan Province; lives and works in Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1968", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BaiYiru", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bai, Yiru", +"comment": "Nebiolo, Gino; La Cina dei Cinesi, Ivrea: Priuli & Verlucca, 1973. Chinese peasant painter during the Cultural Revolution", +"date": "active ca. 1965", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BaileyJosephAlexis", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bailey, Joseph Alexis", +"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. ", +"date": "1825-1883", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BaileyOscar", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bailey, Oscar", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", +"date": "1925-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BailyJack", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Baily, Jack", +"comment": "Menz, Christopher; Morris & Company: Pre-Raphaelites and the Arts and Crafts Movement in South Australia, Adelaide: Art Gallery of South Australia, 1994. ", +"date": "active ca. 1896-1912", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BaiokenEishun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Baioken, Eishun", +"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. 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Pasadena and Los Angeles-based ceramic design and production workshop", +"date": "1909-1932", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BatchelorPenelopeHartshorne", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Batchelor, Penelope Hartshorne", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. historical architect, served with the National Park Service, worked on restoration work of historical structures", +"date": "1955-1992", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BatesWilliamAugustus", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bates, William Augustus", +"comment": "Sonne, Christian R. and Chiu yin Hempel; Tuxedo Park: the Historic Houses, Tuxedo (NY): Tuxedo Park Historical Society, 2007. known for his role in the creation of Lawrence Park, the Bronxville, NY artist colony", +"date": "d. 1922", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BatteuxJ", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Batteux, J.", +"comment": "Chicago Daily Tribune; International Competition for a New Administration Building for the Chicago Tribune, Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune, 1923. 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", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BianWenjin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bian, Wenjin", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). b33w27j32 Alternate names: Pien Wen-chin, 邊文進 Ming Dynasty", +"date": "active ca. 1400-1440", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BianWenyu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bian, Wenyu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). b33w27y35 Alternate names: Pien Wen-yü, 卞文瑜 Qing Dynasty", +"date": "active ca. 1620-1670", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BidaudChristophe", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bidaud, Christophe", +"comment": "Sustainable French Timber Houses: L'Affaire de Wood, Victoria, Australia: Images Publishing Group Pty Ltd, 2006. French architect", +"date": "active ca. 1990-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BiddlecombeJames", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Biddlecombe, James", +"comment": "Brand, Stewart; How Buildings Learn: What Happens After They're Built, New York: Viking Penguin, 1994. printmaker", +"date": "active late 18th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bidpai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bidpai", +"comment": "Ettinghausen, Richard; Arab Painting, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1977. alternate name: Bidpay", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BieErasmusde", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bie, Erasmus de", +"comment": "Camesasca, Ettore; History of the House, New York: G.P. 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American architecture firm active in New York", +"date": "active ca. 1930", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BigelowJacob", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bigelow, Jacob", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. prominent doctor, botanist and landscape architect", +"date": "1787-1879", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BilletEtienne", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Billet, Etienne", +"comment": "Peltre, Christine; Orientalism in Art, First Edition, New York: Abbeville Press, 1998. ", +"date": "1821-1888", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BilloutGuy", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Billout, Guy", +"comment": "Chwast, Seymour and Steven Heller; Art of New York, New York, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1983. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BinghamWilliam", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bingham, William", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Bingham was a delegate for Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 1788 and served in the United States Senate from 1795 to 1801. He helped to found the Bank of North America, the first bank of the new nation, in 1781", +"date": "1752-1804", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BirchlerAlexander", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Birchler, Alexander", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Swiss, born 1962 in Baden, Switzerland. M.F.A., Nova Scotia College of Art and Design, Halifax.", +"date": "born 1962", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BirdS", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bird, S.", +"comment": "Jenkins, Ian; Greek Architecture and Its Sculpture, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006. illustrator", +"date": "active 2000s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BirgePeckandCo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Birge, Peck & Co.", +"comment": "Zimmerman, Philip; Harmony in Wood, Ambridge, PA: Friends of Old Economy Village, 2010. American firm of clockmakers in Bristol, CT that included John Birge, Ambrose Peck, Samuel Taylor and William R. Richards.", +"date": "1849-1859", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BishopRobertC", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bishop, Robert C.", +"comment": "Hume, Sandy, Ellen Manchester, Gary Metz and Nathan Lyons; Great West: Real/Ideal, Boulder: University of Colorado at Boulder, 1977. ", +"date": "1921-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BismarckAnnaMariavon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bismarck, Anna Maria von", +"comment": "George, Michael and Consuelo M. Correcher; Gardens of Spain, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1993. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BistofoliLeonardo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bistofoli, Leonardo", +"comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. ", +"date": "1859-1933", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlackUnionofSouthwestLu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Black Union of Southwest Lu", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese avant-garde artist group formed by Dong Chao and Li Han in Heze, Shandong province.", +"date": "formed November 1985", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlackaderAdam", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Blackader, Adam", +"comment": "Baker, Malcolm and Brenda Richardson; Grand Design: the Art of the Victoria and Albert Museum, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1997. ", +"date": "active late 18th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlakeEubie", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Blake, Eubie", +"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlanchardJoshua", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Blanchard, Joshua", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Master brick mason known for building the Thomas Hancock house on Beacon Hill, the original Faneuil Hall and the Old South Meeting house.", +"date": "active ca. mid-17th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlanchardPorterGeorge", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Blanchard, Porter George", +"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. Boston born, moved to California in 1923, founded a firm that has continued to produce hollowware and flatware to this day", +"date": "1886-1973", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlankfortMichael", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Blankfort, Michael", +"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", +"date": "active ca. 1935", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlascowitzCharles", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Blascowitz, Charles", +"comment": "Downing, Antoinette F. and Vincent J. Scully; Architectural Heritage of Newport Rhode Island, 1640-1915, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1952. ", +"date": "ca. 1775", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlasiusLeonhard", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Blasius, Leonhard", +"comment": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Blasius. ", +"date": "died 1644", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlechmanRO", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Blechman, R. O.", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Born in New York City in 1930. American animator and illustrator.", +"date": "born 1930", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlevinsMel", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Blevins, Mel", +"comment": "UO AAA Library Architectural Drawing Collection. 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", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlinnJames", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Blinn, James", +"comment": "Greenberg, Donald, Aaron Marcus, Allan H. Schmidt and Vernon Gorter; Computer Image: Applications of Computer Graphics, Reading: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1982. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlodgettSamuel", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Blodgett, Samuel", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1757-1814", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BloedelPrentice", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bloedel, Prentice", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Mill owner, timber magnate and patron of the arts in Seattle, he and his wife Virginia created the Bloedel nature reserve on Bainbridge Island.", +"date": "1900-1996", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BloedelVirginia", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bloedel, Virginia", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlokhinM", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Blokhin, M.", +"comment": "State Russian Museum; Times of change : art in the Soviet Union 1960-1985, Bad Breisig: Palace Editions, 2006. ", +"date": "active 1970s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlombergDavid", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Blomberg, David", +"comment": "Benton, Charlotte, Tim Benton and Ghislaine Wood; Art Deco 1910-1939, Boston: Bulfinch Press, 2003 (082122834X). ", +"date": "1925", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlommeYves", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Blomme, Yves", +"comment": "Blomme, Yves; L' Architecture gothique en Saintonge et en Aunis, Saintonge, Québec: Editions Bordessoules, 1987. ", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BloomDavid", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bloom, David", +"comment": "UO AAA Library Architectural Drawing Collection. UO architecture student 1930s", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlrotErnest", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Blrot, Ernest", +"comment": "Loze, Pierre and Franois Loze; Belgium Art Nouveau: from Victor Horta to Antoine Pompe, Ghent: Eiffel Editions, 1991. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlueberryNetLtd", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Blueberry.Net Ltd.", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. formerly Blueberry New Media", +"date": "1994-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BluettRoger", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bluett, Roger", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "d. 1566", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlumMaurice", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Blum, Maurice", +"comment": "Broude, Norma and Mary D. Garrar, eds.; Power of Feminist Art: the American Movement of the 1970s, History and Impact, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BoHaonian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bo Haonian", +"comment": "Realms of Faith, Kaikodo Journal, vol. 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BobbsRuthPratt", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bobbs, Ruth Pratt", +"comment": "Perry, Rachel Berenson; T.C. Steele & the Society of Western Artists, 1896-1914, Bloomington; Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2009. American painter; one of the first women to study at the Academie Julian in Paris; known for her portraiture", +"date": "1884-1973", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BodyMap", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Body Map", +"comment": "Garnett, Oliver and Penelope Byrde; Museum of Costume & Assembly Rooms, Bath: The Official Guide, Bath: Museums and Historic Buildings, Bath City Council, 1994. London fashion design firm founded in 1982 by Stevie Stewart and David Holah", +"date": "1982-late 1990s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BoekJosef", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Boek, Josef", +"comment": "Rak, Jiri, Radim Vondracek and Clauda Terenzi; Biedermeier: Art and Culture in Central Europe, 1815-1848, Milan, New York: Skira Editore, Rizzoli International, 2001. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BofarulliForastéJacint", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bofarull i Forasté, Jacint", +"comment": "Robinson, William H, Jordi Falgàs, and Carmen Belen Lord; Barcelona and Modernity: Picasso, Gaudí, Miró, Dalí, Cleveland, New Haven: Cleveland Museum of Art, Yale University Press, 2006. Bofarull i Forasté began his career as a cartoonist for sports magazines. During the Spanish civil war he established himself as a distinguished poster artist. After the war he was exiled in France until relocating to Argentina in 1950. A decade later, he returned to Barcelona. ", +"date": "1903-1977", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BoglerTheodor", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bogler, Theodor", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1897-1968", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BoglerTheodore", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bogler, Theodore", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BohnCasimir", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bohn, Casimir", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "mid 1800s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bohnert", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bohnert", +"comment": "Bieber, Margarete; History of the Greek and Roman Theater, Second edition, revised and enlarged, Princeton, NJ; London: Princeton University Press; Oxford University Press, 1961. Cannot confirm the this is anyone in LCNAF", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Boisseau", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Boisseau", +"comment": "Leniaud, Jean-Michel; Sainte Chapelle, Paris: Nathan/CNMHS, 1991. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BoitacaDiogode", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Boitaca, Diogo de", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BokkeiSaiyo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bokkei, Saiyo", +"comment": "Zaigai Nihon no shihō (Japanese Art: Selections from Western Collections) v.3, Tokyo: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1979. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BokushoShusho", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bokusho, Shusho", +"comment": "Murase, Miyeko; Bridge of Dreams: The Mary Griggs Burke Collection of Japanese Art, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. ", +"date": "late 15th - early 16th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bokuzan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bokuzan", +"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BoldyNouar", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Boldy, Nouar", +"comment": "Gastman, Roger, Zio Fulcher and Jamie Rivadeneira; Hello Kitty, Hello Art!, New York: Abrams, 2012. Active 2005- present", +"date": "Late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BolekHans", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bolek, Hans", +"comment": "Roder, Sabine, Gerhard Storck, and Michael Fehr; Deutsches Museum fur Kunst in Handel und Gewerbe, 1909-1919, Antwerp: Pandora, 1997. ", +"date": "1890-1978", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BomanjiPestonjiE", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bomanji, Pestonji E.", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1851-1938", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BombayAvYaga", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bombay, Av Yaga", +"comment": "Daniel, Noel; Magic: 1400s-1950s, Cologne: Taschen, 2009. ", +"date": "active 1915", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BonačićVladimir", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bonačić, Vladimir", +"comment": "Shanken, Edward A.; Art and Electronic Media, London; New York: Phaidon Press, 2009. ", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BonaventuraGustavoEttore", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bonaventura, Gustavo Ettore", +"comment": "Lista, Giovanni; Futurism & Photography, London: Merrell Publishers Limited, 2001. ", +"date": "1882-1966", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BondyFriedl", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bondy, Friedl", +"comment": "Cohen, Joyce Tenneson; In/Sights: Self Portraits by Women, Boston: David R. Godine Publisher, 1978. ", +"date": "born 1946", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BonfilsFelix", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bonfils, Felix", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. French photographer known for his work in the Near East during the late 19th century; he established the Maison Bonfils photography studio in Beirut with his wife and son in 1867.", +"date": "1831-1885", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BoniGiuseppe", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Boni, Giuseppe", +"comment": "Chicago Daily Tribune; International Competition for a New Administration Building for the Chicago Tribune, Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune, 1923. Italian architect", +"date": "active ca. 1920", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BonnarThomas", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bonnar, Thomas", +"comment": "http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/99519/details/house+of+falkland/. ", +"date": "active mid 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bonpo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bonpo", +"comment": "Toda, Teisuke and Toshio Ebine; Suibokuga to Chusei Emaki, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. ", +"date": "15th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BookchinNatalie", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bookchin, Natalie", +"comment": "Greene, Rachel; Internet Art, London: Thames & Hudson, 2004. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BooseJ", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Boose, J.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BoothCharles", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Booth, Charles", +"comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. stained glass window maker", +"date": "active mid 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BoothbyWilburF", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Boothby, Wilbur F.", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American architect, born in Maine, educated at Fulton College in New York; settled in Salem, Oregon in 1864.", +"date": "1840- ca. 1905", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BorchertErich", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Borchert, Erich", +"comment": "Fiedler, Jeannine and Peter Feierabend; Bauhaus, Cologne: Konemann, 2000. German painter; studied at the Bauhaus Dessau; student of Klee, Kandinsky and Feininger; died in a gulag in Kazakhstan.", +"date": "1907-1944", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BordicchiaM", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bordicchia, M.", +"comment": "Brandenburg, Hugo; Ancient Churches of Rome From the Fourth to the Seventh Century, English edition, Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2005. ", +"date": "active early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BorenszteinLeon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Borensztein, Leon", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BornsteinJennifer", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bornstein, Jennifer", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "born 1970", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BorofskyJohathan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Borofsky, Johathan", +"comment": "Fineberg, Jonathan. Art since 1940 : strategies of being. New York : Prentice Hall : H.N. Abrams, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BorommarachaIIKing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Borommaracha II, King", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Also called Chao Sam Phraya (third governor), he was the surviving son of King Intharachathirat and acceded to the throne after the death of his two older brothers in 1424. 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", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bury+Pittman", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bury + Pittman", +"comment": "Benedikt, Michael; Overland Partners: Building on Values: Costruire sui valori, Milan: L'Arca Edizioni, 2002. landscape architect", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BuschBruno", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Busch, Bruno", +"comment": "Chicago Daily Tribune; International Competition for a New Administration Building for the Chicago Tribune, Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune, 1923. 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American photographer, active ca.1977-1979", +"date": "active 1970-1980", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BushnaqYusef", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bushnaq, Yusef", +"comment": "Hattstein, Markus and Peter Delius; Islam: Art and Architecture, Cologne: Könemann, 2000. ", +"date": "active 1824-1848", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BusinkThA", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Busink, Th. A.", +"comment": "Stierlin, Henri; Encyclopaedia of World Architecture v.1, Second edition, London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1979. 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", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CahenRobert", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cahen, Robert", +"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. 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", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CarpinoRalph", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Carpino, Ralph", +"comment": "UO AAA Library Architectural Drawing Collection. AAA Architecture student", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CarraroHenryandFrancine", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Carraro, Henry and Francine", +"comment": "Ojeda, Oscar Riera; Buildings & Landscapes: Lake/Flato, Gloucestor: Rockport Publishers, 2005. ", +"date": "active ca. 1990", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CarreyBobbi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Carrey, Bobbi", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "born 1946", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CarreyJ", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Carrey, J.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CarrolOrvilleA", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Carrol, Orville A.", +"comment": "Wood, Paul, Francis Frascina, Jonathan Harris, and Charles Harrison; Modernism in Dispute: Art Since the Forties, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1993. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CarrollJohn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Carroll, John", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. First bishop an archbishop in the United States; served also as the ordinary of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore; founder of Georgetown University and the Georgetown Preparatory School.", +"date": "1735-1815", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CarrreandHastings", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Carrre & Hastings", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Carter+BurtonArchitecture", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Carter + Burton Architecture", +"comment": "Chueca, Pilar; Sustainable Homes, Barcelona: Links, 2009. Architecture firm based in Berryville, Virginia that specializes passive solar techniques and eco-friendly building materials.", +"date": "active ca. 1999-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CarterJohn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Carter, John", +"comment": "Welander, David; History, Art, and Architecture of Glouchester Cathedral, Wolfeboro Falls, NH: Alan Sutton, 1991. Worldcat dates", +"date": "1784-1817", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CarterJosephColeman", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Carter, Joseph Coleman", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. author of works on Priene. info from Worldcat", +"date": "active 1980s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CarucciElinor", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Carucci, Elinor", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Born in 1971 in Jerusalem, Isreal, Elinor Carucci graduated in 1995 from Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design with a degree in photography, and moved to New York that same year. ", +"date": "born 1971", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Carver+Schicketanz", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Carver + Schicketanz", +"comment": "Roth, Manuela; Ecological Living, Kempen: teNeus Verlag, 2009. American architectural firm", +"date": "active ca. 1990-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CasalsJosé", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Casals, José", +"comment": "Rosenblum, Naomi. 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Purvis; Meggs' History of Graphic Design, 4th edition, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006. son of William Caslon III who had purchased the Joseph Jackson foundry in 1792, thus creating a second Caslon foundry. William IV took over the business in 1807 and sold it again in 1819.", +"date": "active 1807-1819", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CassinaandBusnelliComo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cassina and Busnelli, Como", +"comment": "Raizman, David S. History of Modern Design. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2004. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CastiloHilario", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Castilo, Hilario", +"comment": "Galmiche, Xavier; Havana Districts of Light, Paris: Vilo, 2001. ", +"date": "early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CastroAlbertode", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Castro, Alberto de", +"comment": "Galmiche, Xavier; Havana Districts of Light, Paris: Vilo, 2001. 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", +"date": "active 1754-1780", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChasséPatrick", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chassé, Patrick", +"comment": "Otis, Denise; Grounds for Pleasure: Four Centuries of the American Garden, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2002. American landscape architect, active on Mount Desert Island, Maine", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChauKuLeungArchitectsandEngineersLtd", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chau Ku Leung Architects & Engineers Ltd.", +"comment": "New Look of Environmental Design For a Sustainable Environment and Society, Tokyo: Orange Book Co., Ltd., 2005. Chinese architectural firm", +"date": "active early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChauchetGuillerCharlotte", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chauchet-Guiller, Charlotte", +"comment": "Brunhammer, Yvonne and Suzanne Tise; Decorative Arts in France, 1900-1942, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1990. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChedameGeorges", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chedame, Georges", +"comment": "Waddell, Gene; Creating the Pantheon: Design, Materials and Construction, Rome: L'Erma di Bretschneider, 2008. ", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChelaFarrukh", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chela, Farrukh", +"comment": "Falk, Toby, ed.; Treatures of Islam, London: Philip Wilson Publishers, Ltd., 1985 (0856671967). Alternate names: Farrukh-i Khurd-i Chela Mughal painter", +"date": "active 1580-1615", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChelseaKeramicArtWorks", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chelsea Keramic Art Works", +"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. Begun as a workshop by its founder Alexander William Robertson in 1865 and became a family firm in 1872 when he was joined by his father and two brothers.", +"date": "1872-1889", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenYongzhi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen Yongzhi", +"comment": "Museum of Fine Arts Boston, New York: Newsweek, 1969. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenBanding", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Banding", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenChangxi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Changxi", +"comment": "Clunas, Craig; Empire of Great Brightness: Visual and Material Cultures of Ming China, 1368-1644, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2007. ", +"date": "17th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenChongguang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Chongguang", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2001. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenDanqing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Danqing", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", +"date": "born 1953", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenDao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Dao", +"comment": "Goepper, Roger; Essence of Chinese Painting, Boston: Boston Book and Art Shop, 1963. Chinese painter; alternative name Chen Zhi", +"date": "active first half 17th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenDehua", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Dehua", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", +"date": "active second half 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenGongbo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Gongbo", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2003. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenGua", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Gua", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38g36 Alternate names: Ch'en Kua, 陳括 Ming Dynasty", +"date": "active ca. 1546-1554", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenGuangwu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Guangwu", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Liuzhou, Guangxi Province; works in Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1967", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenHaiyan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Haiyan", +"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Fusheng, Liaoning province", +"date": "born 1955", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenHengke", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Hengke", +"comment": "Fong, Wen; Between Two Cultures: Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Chinese Paintings From the Robert H. Ellsworth Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; New Haven: Metropolitan Museum of Art; Yale University Press, 2001. ", +"date": "1876-1923", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenHengque", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Hengque", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2004. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenHong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Hong", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38h33 Alternate names: Ch'en Hung, 陳閎 Tang Dynasty", +"date": "active ca. 714-742", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenHongshou", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Hongshou", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38h33s44 Alternate names: Ch'en Hung-shou, 陳洪綬 Ming Dynasty", +"date": "1599-1652", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenHuichiao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Hui-chiao", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Tanshui; now resides in Taipei", +"date": "born 1964", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenJiru", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Ji-ru", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38j25y24 Alternate names: Ch'en Chi-ju, 陳繼儒 Ming dynasty (b Huating, Jiangsu Province [modern Songjiang, Shanghai Municipality], 16 Dec 1558; d 19 Oct 1639). Chinese editor, writer, calligrapher and painter. He exemplified the literati ideal of the accomplished gentleman–scholar who rejected the sordid world of political involvement and devoted himself to a life of literary, artistic and philosophical pursuit. At the age of 28, having passed the prefectural examination, the first important step leading to a career in government office, Chen renounced official life in a dramatic gesture, by burning his Confucian cap and gown. Thereafter he lived at country retreats at Kunshan and then Mt She, near Huating in Jiangsu Province: entertaining guests; writing and editing; composing the poems, prefaces, epitaphs and biographies for which he was in constant demand; and travelling to places of scenic beauty in the company of friends. Chen followed the lead of his close friend Dong qichang, the foremost painter, calligrapher and connoisseur of the late Ming period (1368–1644), in admiring the Southern school of painting. His best-known book on painting and calligraphy, the Nigulu (‘A record of my love for the antique’), is a collection of short passages that evaluate the great masters of the past or comment on works seen at the homes of artists and collectors, who often invited him to append his colophons. In calligraphy, he modelled himself most closely on the Song (960–1279) masters, Su shi and Mi Fu (see Mi, (1)). By attempting to combine Su’s strength of brushwork with Mi’s brilliant variety of stroke, he succeeded in forming his own style of running script (xingshu), distinguished by its angularity and continual fluctuation between heavy and fine strokes, punctuated here and there by elongated horizontals set at a decided slant. Among his paintings, notably of plums, his smaller compositions are the more successful: album leaves with a single branch engagingly captured within a small frame (e.g. Plum Blossoms, ink on paper; Kyoto, N. Mus.). His larger compositions are less skilfully contrived, their different elements failing to fuse into a well-structured and cohesive whole. The landscapes that go by his name are often in the loose, wet style associated with Mi Fu. The 20th-century art historian Xu Bangda maintains that they are all either forgeries or daibi (paintings executed for him at his own request by artists belonging to his circle, often with Chen’s genuine inscription and seals) and should be classed simply as products of the Songjiang (i.e. Huating) school. Chen’s place in Chinese art history derives from his close involvement in the intellectual and artistic milieu of Huating, into which were drawn many of the most talented artists of his time, by whom he was regarded with special affection and admiration. So fond of Chen was Dong Qichang that he built a studio named Laizhong lou (‘Pavilion to welcome Zhong[shun]’); and a younger contemporary, the painter and calligrapher Huang Daozhou, wrote of him: ‘For noble aspirations and breadth of learning, there is no one to match Jiru.’--DOA", +"date": "1558-1639", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenJunde", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Junde", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter", +"date": "active ca. 1980", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenJuzhong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Juzhong", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38j36z45 Alternate names: Ch'en Chü-chung, 陳居中 Song dynasty", +"date": "active ca. 1201-1204", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenKaiming", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Kaiming", +"comment": "Nebiolo, Gino; La Cina dei Cinesi, Ivrea: Priuli & Verlucca, 1973. Chinese peasant painter during the Cultural Revolution", +"date": "active ca. 1965", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenKaizhi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Kaizhi", +"comment": "Nebiolo, Gino; La Cina dei Cinesi, Ivrea: Priuli & Verlucca, 1973. Chinese peasant painter during the Cultural Revolution", +"date": "active ca. 1965", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenLian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Lian", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38j34 Alternate names: Ch'en Lien, 陳廉 Ming dynasty", +"date": "active ca. 1620", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenLide", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Lide", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenLingyang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Lingyang", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Zhejiang Province; graduated from the Central Academy of Fine Arts in Beijing in 1999; lives and works in Beijing", +"date": "b. 1975", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Chenlisheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, lisheng", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Henan Province, art amateur; alternate name: 陈力生", +"date": "born 1926", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenLu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Lu", +"comment": "Bickford, Maggie; Bones of Jade, Soul of Ice, New Haven: Yale University Art Gallery, 1985. Chinese painter", +"date": "active 1436-1449", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenMaozhi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Maozhi", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", +"date": "active ca. 1980", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenMei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Mei", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38m27 Alternate names: Ch'en Mei, 陳枚 Qing dynasty", +"date": "active ca. 1730-1742", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenMingzhi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Mingzhi", +"comment": "He, Li and Michael Knight; Power and Glory: Court Arts of China's Ming Dynasty, San Francisco: Asian Art Museum, 2008. Nanjing brickworker during the Hongwu reign period of the Ming", +"date": "late 14th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenPing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Ping", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenRong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Rong", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38r29 Alternate names: Ch'en Jung, 陳容 Song dynasty (b Changle, Fujian Province; fl 1235–62). Chinese painter and poet. He passed the national civil-service examination to obtain the title of jinshi in 1235 and held several official posts, the last of which was the governorship of Putian (Fujian Province). He specialized in monochrome-ink paintings of dragons, and he was also well known as the author of heroic poems during the 1250s. He is said to have studied the poems and paintings of flying dragons by Li Yu (reg 961–75), ruler of the Southern Tang period (937–75). Eleven paintings of dragons are attributed to Chen Rong, of which three may be genuine or accurate copies made during the Southern Song period (1127–1279). Nine Dragons Appearing through Clouds and Waves (handscroll, ink with touches of red on paper, 0.46×10.96 m; Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.) is inscribed by the artist and dated 1244. The dragons are drawn in calligraphic lines that stand out against the background of clouds, rocks and water. Their heads express their power and also betray a certain humour, two attributes of the Dao (‘Way’). In contrast to the old-fashioned depiction of triangular scales on the dragons’ bodies, the background is expressionistic, executed in varied ink tones produced by rubbing the paper with an ink-soaked cloth. Long, sweeping brushstrokes are used to draw the movements of the clouds and water, while short brushstrokes of dry and wet ink conjure the massive rocks.--DOA", +"date": "active ca. 1235-1262", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenRuyan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Ruyan", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38r33y24 Alternate names: Ch'en Ju-yen, 陳汝言 Yuan dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, ?1331; d 1371). Chinese painter and scholar. He grew up in the Lake Tai region of Jiangsu Province, the area around which literati artists of the Yuan (1279–1368) and early Ming (1368–1644) periods were active. The Yuan dynasty was in decline, attended by political turmoil and military strife, and Chen served in military and civil positions first under the rebel leader Zhang Shicheng and then under Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder and first emperor (Hongwu, reg 1368–98) of the Ming dynasty. Chen’s painting career spanned barely two decades; he was not prolific, but his small corpus of extant works presents a well-focused image of the range and style and expression available to a scholar–painter in the Suzhou area from the late 1350s to the early 1370s. Chen’s earliest extant work, Picture of the Jing River ( Jing xi tu; hanging scroll, ink on silk; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), executed when he was not yet 30, was commissioned with specific requirements. Painted for the Wang family, recently displaced from their villa by the Jing River because of rebel fighting, the scroll presents a panoramic composition using long hemp-fibre texture strokes ( pima cun) and schematic yet literal architectural detail. Chen is cited as the painter of this nostalgic portrayal (though he did not sign it) in an inscription of 1359 by one of the Four Masters of the Yuan period, Ni Zan, a friend of the Chen family. Chen was pursuing his official duties, probably in Hangzhou, under worsening threat from rival armies when he painted Woodcutter of Mt Luofu (Luofu shan qiao tu; hanging scroll, ink on silk; Cleveland, OH, Dean Perry priv. col.). Unlike his early works, which depicted local sites, this was an idealized landscape in which Chen employed his characteristic hemp-fibre texture strokes to represent the distant mountain. Mt Luofu, in Guangdong Province, was linked in popular myth with the floating paradise of Penglai, the land of the Daoist immortals, supposed to be situated on the coast of the province. The woodcutter theme was a traditional image of withdrawal. Chen Ruyan was executed for unspecified political offences in the autumn of 1371. A brief eulogy inscribed by Ni Zan in the 12th month of that year on Chen’s Land of Immortals (Xianshan tu; handscroll, ink and colour on silk; Cleveland, OH, Dean Perry priv. col.) cites as Chen’s source the early Yuan artist Zhao Mengfu, whose works Chen may have seen during his official stay in Wuxing and Hangzhou, in Zhejiang Province. In this vision of paradise, Chen employed the blue-and-green palette of mineral colours first used in the Tang period (ad 618–907) together with long fibrous strokes that textured the undulating mountain forms. Chen Ruyan’s descendants continued the family tradition of scholarship into the 15th century. His son Chen Ji (1370–1434) and grandson Chen Kuan (1398–after 1467) figured prominently in Suzhou’s intellectual circles, and Chen Kuan was one of the principal teachers of the young Shen zhou.--DOA", +"date": "ca. 1331-1371", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenShabing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Shabing", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province; original name: Chen Suping; alternate name: 陈沙兵", +"date": "1920-1979", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenShaofeng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Shaofeng", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", +"date": "b. 1961", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenShaoxiong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Shaoxiong", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Shantou, Guangdong Province; graduated 1984 from Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts; member of the Big Tail Elephant Group.", +"date": "b. 1962", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenShu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Shu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38s455 Alternate names: Ch'en Shu, 陳舒 Qing dynasty From Zhejiang province. Second wife of Qian Lunguang, a poet and calligrapher who occasionally added inscriptions to Shu's paintings. Her father-in-law, Qian Ruizheng, was a noted calligrapher and painter who appreciated her work. After her death, her son Qian Chenqun gave many of her paintings to the Qianlong Emperor. Poet and calligrapher. Painted the full range of traditional subjects, including religious figures, landscapes, birds, flowers, and plants. --Weidner", +"date": "1660-1736", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenShun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Shun", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38s53 Alternate names: Ch'en Shun, 陳淳; Chen Chun Ming dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 1483; d 1544). Chinese painter, calligrapher and poet. Born into a wealthy family of the scholar–official class, he is known for his landscapes (see fig.) and flower paintings. He was once a student of Wen Zhengming and was loosely associated with the Wu school. He is best known for his landscapes in the style of the Northern Song-period (960–1127) master Mi Fu and his son, Mi Youren, and of their Yuan-period (1279–1368) interpreter, Gao Kegong (see fig.). The Mi style was rarely appreciated by Suzhou artists, but Chen’s affinity for it could be explained by the fact that his family owned a painting by Mi Youren. The style is characterized by cone-shaped or rounded hills composed of large, horizontal, wet blobs of ink applied in vertical layers. Chen added motifs and techniques borrowed from the Suzhou artist Shen Zhou, such as rhomboid plateaux outlined with dry brush lines and squat, blocky figures. Chen further modified the Mi style, giving it a rich, colouristic effect by introducing fluid colour washes and large blobs of blue and buff, as in his Hills and Streams after Rain (handscroll, ink and colour on paper; Kansas City, MO, Nelson–Atkins Mus. A.). Chen Shun’s flower paintings range from isolated, single sprays of blossoms to tangled masses of grasses and flowering plants. He worked in both ink monochrome and colour, using an unevenly loaded brush to create shaded strokes suggesting depth and shadow. Chen enhanced the quality of depth and form with a puddling technique, applying dark tones over still-wet light areas. In some of his flower paintings, for example Garden Flowers (album, ink and colours on gold-flecked paper, 1540; New York, Met.), he combined ink-outlined, colour-filled (goule) blooms with those done in the ‘boneless’ (mogu) style. He covered the surface of one page in this album with flowers of different shapes, colours and sizes: large white lilies, smaller pink carnations and tiny yellow asters. In common with his landscapes, his flower paintings are sensuous and richly coloured. His influence is apparent in the work of Xu Wei and Jiang Pu, whose lotuses directly imitate those by Chen Shun. He and Xu Wei are often referred to together by later artists and critics as baiyang qingteng (‘full sun, green tendrils’) for their expressive style of flower painting.--DOA", +"date": "1483-1544", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenShunchu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Shun-chu", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. b. Pescadores (Penghu), Taiwan B.A., Chinese Cultural University, Taipei, 1986", +"date": "b. 1963", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenShuren", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Shuren", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenTianran", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Tianran", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Henan, member of the Chinese Art Association, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 陈天然 ", +"date": "born 1926", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenTiegeng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Tiegeng", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Xingning, Guangdong Province; alternate name: 陈铁耕", +"date": "1908-1970", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenWeixiong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Weixiong", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese painter specializing in folk art designs", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenWenbo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Wenbo", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Chongqing, Sichuan Province; graduated from the Sichuan Academy of Fine Art; lives and works in Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1969", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenXian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Xian", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38x24 Alternate names: Ch'en Hsien, 陳賢 Ming dynasty", +"date": "active ca. 1635-1675", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenYanning", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Yanning", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", +"date": "born 1945", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenYanqiao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Yanqiao", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). Also published prints under the name Li Wucheng, was mentored by Lu Xun in the woodcut movement, co-founded both the Wild Grain Woodcut Society and the Empty Wave Painting Society in 1933. Helped Li Hua organize the second National Traveling Woodcut Exhibition of 1936.", +"date": "1911-ca. 1970", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenYanyin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Yanyin", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", +"date": "active ca. 1995", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenYifei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Yifei", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). Chinese painter, fashion designer; commercially successful in the United States", +"date": "1946-2005", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenYiming", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Yiming", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", +"date": "active ca. 1980", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenYinchao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Yinchao", +"comment": "Rotondo, Lisa E.; Chinese Revolutionary Woodcuts, 1935-1948: From the Herman Collection, Middletown (CT): Davison Art Center, 1984. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenYuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Yuan", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38y37 Alternate names: Ch'en Yüan, 陳遠 Ming dynasty", +"date": "Ming dynasty", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenYuexi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Yuexi", +"comment": "Wu Tung; Tales From the Land of Dragons: 1,000 Years of Chinese Painting, Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1997. ", +"date": "ca. 14th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenZhifo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Zhifo", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). Chinese painter from Zhejiang, studied in Japan, known for his bird and flower paintings in the gongbi style.", +"date": "1896-1962", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenZihe", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Zihe", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38z57h27 Alternate names: Ch'en Tzu-ho, 陳子和 Ming dynasty", +"date": "active ca. 1500", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenZongyuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chen, Zongyuan", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. no information available about this artist ", +"date": "active Ming dynasty", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CheneyRH", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cheney, R.H.", +"comment": "Bernard, Bruce; Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography, 1840-1940, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. ", +"date": "active 1850s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengConglin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cheng, Conglin", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengJunfang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cheng, Junfang", +"comment": "Possessing the past : treasures from the National Palace Museum, Taipei / Wen C. Fong, James C.Y. Watt; with contributions by Richard M. Barnhart ... [et al]. New York : Metropolitan Museum of Art : Distributed by H.N. Abrams, 1996. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengLi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cheng, Li", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "born 1941", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengMian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cheng, Mian", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. Cheng was born in Weifang, Shandong Province. He occupied the position of art editor of Huabei People's Publishing House in 1951. He is the member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association. alternate name: 程勉 ", +"date": "born 1933", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengQi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cheng, Qi", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c39g22 Alternate names: Ch'eng Ch'i , 程綮 Yuan dynasty", +"date": "second half of 13th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengShifa", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cheng, Shifa", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c39s43f22 Alternate names: Ch'eng Shih-fa, 程十髮 Modern (b Songjiang County, Shanghai Municipality, 1921). Chinese painter and illustrator. By his own account Cheng was determined from an early age to become a painter. Although his father died when Cheng was nine, support from relatives enabled him to enter the Huadong (now Shanghai) Academy of Fine Art in 1939, where he was trained in the traditional disciplines of landscape and bird-and-flower painting. He also took an interest in the work of modern Chinese masters. Following graduation he worked briefly in a bank before joining the Shanghai Art Publishing Agency in 1952 as an illustrator. His assignments included New Year paintings and drawings for editions of short stories. Among his first successes was a series of plates for a contemporary edition of the 18th-century satirical classic, Rulin waishi (‘The scholars’) by Wu Jingzi, which in 1959 won a medal at the Leipzig International Book Exhibition (Eng. trans., Yang Hsien-yi and G. Yang, The Scholars, Beijing, 1957). However, his most impressive early achievement was a set of illustrations for another classic, Lu Xun’s Ah Q zheng zhuan (‘The true story of Ah Q’), published in Shanghai in 1963. While Cheng’s early work was influenced by traditional Chinese figure painting, his later study of woodcuts of the Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1911) periods, of lithographs and of Western art enlarged his repertory and sharpened his technique. After gaining a teaching post at the new Painting Academy at Shanghai in 1956, he travelled in 1957 to the Dehong Dai and Jingpo People’s Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, together with other artists. The trip influenced both his style and his choice of subject-matter. Thereafter he began to paint vivid scenes of China’s national minority peoples, applying line and ink wash with a Chinese brush on the colour-fast and durable Xuan paper (see China, §XIII, 20). His paintings of children and young women, often accompanied by animals such as deer, goats and camels, were the most popular (for example, Girls with Lambs, 1964; Berkeley, U. CA, A. Mus.). The positive themes of these works, in which animals and humans participated in a world of unsullied innocence and charm, were reinforced by bright colours, bold compositions and crisp lines. However, the artist’s imaginative twists and turns sometimes countered the innocuous themes. In Spring (1979; priv. col.), which depicts deer and gaily costumed women with flowers, the figures were painted on a blank background and the legs of the deer rendered with loose, ‘calligraphic’ strokes that are only marginally more representational than the characters of the inscription above. Cheng rarely applied additional layers of colour, the better to preserve the brightness of the hue. A fine example of Cheng’s figure painting from the 1980s is Ji Kang (1980; hanging scroll, ink and colour on paper; priv. col., see 1983–5 exh. cat., pl. 7), a portrait of one of the 3rd-century Sages of the Bamboo Grove. The sage is shown playing the lute while awaiting execution after having been condemned to death by imperial order. Few Chinese figure paintings of this date match the painting’s strength of composition and elegance of line. Cheng is associated by modern Chinese critics with an older generation of painters that included Li Keran and Lu Yangshao (b 1909). He is credited with giving new vitality to the Shanghai school through his understanding and absorption of the figure styles of artists such as Ren Yi and Chen Hongshou. A touring exhibition of contemporary Chinese painting that visited eight American museums and galleries between 1983 and 1985 (see 1983–5 exh. cat.) confirmed Cheng Shifa’s status as an exceptional figure painter and also as a fine painter of landscapes and historical subjects.--DOA", +"date": "b. 1921", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengSui", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cheng, Sui", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c39s59 Alternate names: Ch'eng Sui, 程邃 Ming dynasty Cheng came from a prosperous Shexian family and painted chiefly for his own pleasure, beginning late in life; genuine works by him are relatively scarce. His undated "Landscape" is an especially fine example; like a work of calligraphy or a seal, it arranges small, formally similar units into a flat design. The jiaomo technique, the tendency to geometricize the land masses, and the mountain landscapes with waterfalls and pine trees are school characteristics. Cheng remarked in his inscription that the ‘high distance’ (gaoyuan) mode, in which the composition is read vertically, was not favoured by artists of his time and region, who mostly employed the ‘level distance’ ( pingyuan) mode of Ni Zan and other masters of the river landscape (see China, §V, 3(iv)). The refinement of taste that Cheng developed through study of the family collection and deciphering old inscriptions imbues his calligraphy and seal-carving, as well as his painting, with an antiquarian flavour much admired by Chinese connoisseurs. They regard him as a forerunner of the Epigraphers’ school (Jinshi jia) of practitioners of these three interlocked arts, a school that flourished in the late 18th century and the 19th.--DOA ", +"date": "active ca. 1605-1691", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengXiaoyu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cheng, Xiaoyu", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", +"date": "active 1980s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengYi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cheng, Yi", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese painter of the Ming dynasty", +"date": "active early to mid 17th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengZhang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cheng, Zhang", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengZhidao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cheng, Zhidao", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). Alternate names: Ch'eng Chih-tao, 程志道 Qing dynasty", +"date": "active ca. 18th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChermenevVitali", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chermenev, Vitali", +"comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. playwrite", +"date": "active 1974", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChesapeakePottery", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chesapeake Pottery", +"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. Baltimore", +"date": "1882-1914", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CheuretAlbert", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cheuret, Albert", +"comment": "Bouillon, Jean-Paul; Art Deco 1903-1940, Geneva: Editions d'Art Albert Skira S.A., 1989. ", +"date": "first half 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChevalierGeorges", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chevalier, Georges", +"comment": "Brunhammer, Yvonne and Suzanne Tise; Decorative Arts in France, 1900-1942, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1990. French interior designer", +"date": "1920s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChevalierMiguel", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chevalier, Miguel", +"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChiarenzaCarl", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chiarenza, Carl", +"comment": "http://www.carlchiarenza.com/cc/Bio.html. photographer", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Chierry", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chierry", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Chikakazu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chikakazu", +"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Chikakuni", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chikakuni", +"comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Osaka printmaker of ukiyo-e, student of Yoshikuni.", +"date": "active ca. 1825", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChikushinJochi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chikushin, Jochi", +"comment": "Ono, Masaaki and Katsuhiko Mizuno; Hidden Gardens of Kyoto, English language edition, Tokyo: Kodansha International, 2004. Japanese fifth-generation head of the Yabunouchi tea school and garden designer", +"date": "1678-1745", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChildandChild", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Child and Child", +"comment": "Wildman, Stephen and John Christian; Edward Burne-Jones: Victorian Artist-Dreamer, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, distributed by Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1998. ", +"date": "1881-1915", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChildHarold", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Child, Harold", +"comment": "Wildman, Stephen and John Christian; Edward Burne-Jones: Victorian Artist-Dreamer, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, distributed by Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1998. ", +"date": "1848-1915", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChildWalter", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Child, Walter", +"comment": "Wildman, Stephen and John Christian; Edward Burne-Jones: Victorian Artist-Dreamer, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, distributed by Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1998. ", +"date": "1840-1930", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChildersFreddie", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Childers, Freddie", +"comment": "Ewald, Wendy; Portraits and Dreams: Photographs and stories by children of the Appalachians, London: Writers and Readers Publishing Cooperative Society Ltd., 1985. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChildsandInmanLithography", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Childs & Inman Lithography", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Partnership between Henry Inman and Cephas G. Childs", +"date": "1831-1832", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Chim", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chim", +"comment": "Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. New York : Abbeville Press, 1997. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChinaNationalArtGallery", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "China National Art Gallery", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese museum of the arts (Meishuguan) located in the Dongcheng district.", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChinesePLAChengduDistrict", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chinese PLA Chengdu District", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChinhHoang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chinh, Hoang", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Chitarman", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chitarman", +"comment": "Metropolitan Museum of Art; Islamic World, Tokyo: Dai Nippon Printing Co., 1987. ", +"date": "active 1627", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChitrakarManu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chitrakar, Manu", +"comment": "Sambrani, Chaitanya; Edge of Desire: Recent Art in India, London: Philip Wilson Publishers, 2006. brother of Swarna Chitrakar", +"date": "late 20th, early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChitrakarSwarna", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chitrakar, Swarna", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "born 1974", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChoSeoung", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cho, Seoung", +"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChoeSukchang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ch'oe, Sukch'ang", +"comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Korean painter active in late 15th century.", +"date": "active late 15th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChoiBuk", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Choi, Buk", +"comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Choi Buk, was a painter of the late Joseon period. Anything related to his social status and birth place and date are not known. Choi Buk was acquainted with Danwon, Kim Deuksin, Yi Inmun, but his works are dissimilar to theirs. The representative works painted by Choi Buk are Geumgangsan pyohunsado (금강산 표훈사도), Joeosansu (조어산수), Cho-ok sansudo (초옥산수도).", +"date": "late Chosen period", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChomtonLouis", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chomton, Louis", +"comment": "Gajewski, Alexandra and Zoë Opačić; Year 1300 and the Creation of a New European Architecture, Belgium: Brepols , 2007. ", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChonKi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chon, Ki", +"comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Korean literati painter. He came from a professional middle-class (chungin) family and studied painting and calligraphy with KIM CHONG-HUI. Chon was an artist of much promise with a great understanding of literati painting, and it is likely that he would have become one of the greatest painters of the Ch’usa (i.e. Kim Chong-hui) school, but he died aged 29. Among his representative works are Thick Bushes on Kye Mountain (Seoul, N. Mus.) and Straw-thatched Hut with Plum Blossoms (colour on paper, 294*333 mm, Seoul, N. Mus.; see Hwi-joon Ahn, p. 143). ", +"date": "1825-1854", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChoubracAlfred", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Choubrac, Alfred", +"comment": "Rennert, Jack; Posters of the Belle Epoque: the Wine Spectator Collection, New York: Wine Spectator Press, 1990. Alfred Choubrac (1853-1902) was one of the handful of posterists who gained prominence before the Golden Nineties. Educated in classic art at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in his native Paris, he started out as a painter of military scenes in collaboration with his brother, Leon. To make a living, he did caricatures and illustrations for "Gil Blas," "L'Echo de Paris," "Le Courrier Français" and some other paper; later, he became a scene designer for theaters at which he was very successful. In the early 1889s, Chroubac joined the fledgling group of poster designers: in 1884, when Maindron published the first article on the subject, he listed only nine active posterists known to him, and in the first poster exhibition, held that same year in the Passage Vivienne in Paris, only three of them were represented: Jules Chéret and the two Choubrac brothers. ", +"date": "1853-1902", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChristernJürgen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Christern, Jürgen", +"comment": "WorldCat. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChristianColin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Christian, Colin", +"comment": "Gastman, Roger, Zio Fulcher and Jamie Rivadeneira; Hello Kitty, Hello Art!, New York: Abrams, 2012. Active 1992- present", +"date": "Born 1964", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChromographicEnamelCompanyLtd", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chromographic Enamel Company, Ltd.", +"comment": "Leboff, David and Tim Demuth; No Need to Ask! Early Maps of London's Underground Railways, Middlesex: Capital Transport Publishing, 1999. Manufacturer of enamelled steel panel display signs, in particular, maps of the London railway system mounted in the the stations; popularly called 'Chromo of Wolverhampton'", +"date": "est. 1885", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Chrysalis", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chrysalis", +"comment": "Broude, Norma and Mary D. Garrar, eds.; Power of Feminist Art: the American Movement of the 1970s, History and Impact, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994. ", +"date": "1977-1980", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChuChiahua", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chu, Chiahua", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist from Taipei, studied in Taiwan and Paris", +"date": "born 1960", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChuSuiliang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chu, Suiliang", +"comment": "Lin, Boshou; Lan qian shan guan: an album of the Chinese paintings & calligraphies, Tokyo: Nigensha Publishing Co., 1978. Chinese calligrapher; chancellor of the Tang Dynasty during the Taizong and Gaozong reign periods; died in exile.", +"date": "597-658 CE", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChuanShinko", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chuan, Shinko", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "fl. ca. 1444-1457", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChubbandCo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chubb & Co.", +"comment": "Victoria & Albert Museum catalog. ", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChurchThomas", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Church, Thomas", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American landscape architect who led the Modernist movement in California and designed and built more than 2000 gardens in his 50-year career", +"date": "active ca. 1925-1977", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChushkinAY", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chushkin, A. Y.", +"comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", +"date": "1882-1933", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChwalaAugust", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chwala, August", +"comment": "Schweiger, Werner J.; Wiener Werkstatte: Design in Vienna 1903-1932, New York: Abbeville Press, 1984. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CiavolinoMichael", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ciavolino, Michael", +"comment": "Szarkowski, John; Mirrors and Windows: American Photography since 1960, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1978. ", +"date": "active 1960s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CineEye", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cine-Eye", +"comment": "Great Utopia: the Russian and Soviet avant-garde, 1915-32 , New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1992. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CixiEmpressDowager", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cixi, Empress Dowager", +"comment": "Weidner, Marsha, Ellen Johnston Laing, Irving Yucheng Lo, Christina Chu, and James Robinson; Views from Jade Terrace: Chinese Women Artists 1300-1912, Indianapolis: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 1988 (0847810038). Alternate names: Ci Xi, Yehe Nala Qing dynasty Daughter of a minor official, entered the palace as a concubine. Gave birth to a son and was raised to second concubine. After the Emperor Wenzong died, her son became heir. She and Wenzong's senior wife became regents. Cixi eventually took complete power after the deaths of her son and co-regent. Overspent treasury and was out of touch with political situation, after Boxer Rebellion attempted reforms, but died in 1908 unable to salvage the Imperial dynasty. Enjoyed calligraphy and painting--her large scale calligraphy was often given as gifts, as were her paintings. Of the latter, many were actually created by court artists and given in her name. --Weidner ", +"date": "1835-1908", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ClarkFrankChamberlain", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Clark, Frank Chamberlain", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", +"date": "1872-1957", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ClarkJoeL", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Clark, Joe L.", +"comment": "Gilbert, Rita and William McCarter; Living With Art, 2nd edition, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1988. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ClarkeJohn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Clarke, John", +"comment": "Girouard, Mark; Elizabethan Architecture: Its Rise and Fall, 1540-1640, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. ", +"date": "active early 17th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ClarksonEmilieV", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Clarkson, Emilie V.", +"comment": "Barter, Judith A.; Apostles of Beauty: Arts and Crafts From Britain to Chicago, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. American photographer", +"date": "1863-1946", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ClayLangdon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Clay, Langdon", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. photographer", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CleeRobert", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Clee, Robert", +"comment": "Meggs, Philip B.; History of Graphic Design, 3rd edition, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998. ", +"date": "active 18th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ClemenceRichard", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Clemence, Richard", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ClericisGiorgioMarquis", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Clericis, Giorgio, Marquis", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active late 17th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ClewsMichael", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Clews, Michael", +"comment": "Myers, J. Wilson, Eleanor Emlen Myers and Gerald Cadogan; Aerial Atlas of Ancient Crete, Berkeley; Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1992. illustrator", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ClimentDanielHernández", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Climent, Daniel Hernández", +"comment": "Mena, Juan Carlos and Óscar Reyes; Sensacional Mexican Street Graphics, New York: Princeton Architectural press, 2002. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CloutierJames", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cloutier, James", +"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. ", +"date": "born 1938", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ClrisseauCharlesLouis", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Clrisseau, Charles Louis", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ClubCosmeticsInc", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Club Cosmetics Inc.", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CluteWalterMarshall", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Clute, Walter Marshall", +"comment": "Perry, Rachel Berenson; T.C. Steele & the Society of Western Artists, 1896-1914, Bloomington; Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2009. American painter; attended the Art Students League in New York; studied in Paris; founded the Oxbow Summer School in Saugatuck, Michigan", +"date": "1870-1915", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CNIDesign", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "CNI Design", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Los Angeles", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CoatsPeter", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Coats, Peter", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. landscape gardner", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CoburnandSheldon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Coburn and Sheldon", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CochinClaudeNicolastheYounger", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cochin, Claude Nicolas the Younger", +"comment": "Beer, Sir Gavin de; Jean-Jacques Rousseau and His World, New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1972. ", +"date": "18th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CockeGeneralJohnHartwell", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cocke, General John Hartwell", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CocksCarmichael", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cocks Carmichael", +"comment": "Stang, Alanna and Christopher Hawthorne; Green House: New Directions in Sustainable Architecture, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2005. ", +"date": "active 1968-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CohoonHannah", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cohoon, Hannah", +"comment": "Sprigg, June; Shaker Design, New York, London: Whitney Museum of American Art, W.W. Norton & Company, 1986. 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Art copper workshop based in East Aurora, New York", +"date": "ca. 1903-1938", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CorazónJ", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Corazón, J.", +"comment": "Ariza Muñoz, Carmen; Jardines de Madrid: Paseos Arbolados, Plazas y Parques, Madrid: Ayuntamiento de Madrid y Lunwerg Editores, 2001. ", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CorbettBob", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Corbett, Bob", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. architect, MT", +"date": "died 2008", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CorbettGUS", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Corbett, G. U. S.", +"comment": "Toynbee, Jocelyn; Shrine of St. Peter and the Vatican Excavations, 1956, London; New York; Toronto: Longmans, Green and Co., 1956. 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Mechanical engineer, responsible for the invention of the Corliss engine.", +"date": "1817-1888", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CorneliusPhilip", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cornelius, Philip", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American ceramic artist", +"date": "born 1934", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CorniGrancesco", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Corni, Grancesco", +"comment": "Bagnoli, Martina, Holger A. Klein, C. 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", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CorrJenniferA", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Corr, Jennifer A.", +"comment": "Bagnoli, Martina, Holger A. Klein, C. Griffith Mann, and James Robinson; Treasures of Heaven: Saints, Relics, and Devotion in Medieval Europe, Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2010. ", +"date": "active ca. 2010", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CortesseSonia", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cortesse, Sonia", +"comment": "Sustainable French Timber Houses: L'Affaire de Wood, Victoria, Australia: Images Publishing Group Pty Ltd, 2006. French architect", +"date": "active ca. 1995-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CostaPérezHerreraGuillermo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Costa Pérez-Herrera, Guillermo", +"comment": "Ariza Muñoz, Carmen; Jardines de Madrid: Paseos Arbolados, Plazas y Parques, Madrid: Ayuntamiento de Madrid y Lunwerg Editores, 2001. ", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CostasKondylisandPartners", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Costas Kondylis & Partners", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Firm named Costas Kondylis Architects from 1989-2001", +"date": "est. 2001", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CotterellThomas", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cotterell, Thomas", +"comment": "Meggs, Philip B.; History of Graphic Design, 3rd edition, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998. 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", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CourierCo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Courier Co.", +"comment": "Daniel, Noel; Magic: 1400s-1950s, Cologne: Taschen, 2009. Located in Buffalo, NY.", +"date": "active 1911", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CourtartistsundertheQianlongemperor", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Court artists under the Qianlong emperor", +"comment": "Possessing the past : treasures from the National Palace Museum, Taipei / Wen C. Fong, James C.Y. Watt; with contributions by Richard M. Barnhart ... [et al]. 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American photographer known for his portraits of Walt Whitman and Henry Ward Beecher", +"date": "1851-1903", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CoxMarion", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cox, Marion", +"comment": "Boardman, John; Greeks Overseas: Their Early Colonies and Trade, New and enlarged edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 1980. illustrator", +"date": "active 1980", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CraceJohnGregory", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Crace, John Gregory", +"comment": "Victoria and Albert Museum web site. ", +"date": "active mid 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CraftsmanHomeBuildersClub", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Craftsman Home Builders Club", +"comment": "Tucker, Kevin; Gustav Stickley and the American Arts & Crafts Movement, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 2010. established in 1903 by Gustav Stickley to produce and spread his ideas on domestic architecture and design", +"date": "1903-1916", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CraigJohnD", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Craig, John D.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. photographer", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CrakowWorkshops", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Crakow Workshops", +"comment": "Blakesley, Rosalind; Arts and Crafts Movement, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2006. 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", +"date": "3rd quarter 18th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CranachWilhelmLucasvon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cranach, Wilhelm Lucas von", +"comment": "Wichmann, Siegfried; Jugendstil Art Nouveau: Floral and Functional Forms, First United States edition, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1984. ", +"date": "active late 19th-early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CranstonCsuriProduction", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cranston / Csuri Production", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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Painter of portraits in the Khamsa of Nizami BL Ms. Or. 12208", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DawsonC", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dawson, C.", +"comment": "Hillenbrand, Robert; Islamic Architecture: Form, Function and Meaning, New York: Columbia University Press, 1994. illustrator", +"date": "active 1994", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DayCorrine", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Day, Corrine", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 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Philadelphia-based architect specializing in residences and academic buildings, lecturer in architecture at the University of Pennsylvania.", +"date": "1861-1918", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DayM", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Day, M.", +"comment": "Hillenbrand, Robert; Islamic Architecture: Form, Function and Meaning, New York: Columbia University Press, 1994. illustrator for Hillenbrand book", +"date": "active 1994", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DazCristbal", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Daz, Cristbal", +"comment": "Galmiche, Xavier; Havana Districts of Light, Paris: Vilo, 2001. 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French type foundry created by the 1923 merver of Peignot foundry and the Laurent & Deberny foundry; purchased by Haas'sche Schriftgiesserei of Switzerland in 1972.", +"date": "1923-1972", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DebschitzKunowskiWandavon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Debschitz-Kunowski, Wanda von", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. German portrait photographer", +"date": "1870-1935", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DedhamPottery", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dedham Pottery", +"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. established in Dedham by Hugh Robertson after the failure of the Chelsea Keramic Art Works.", +"date": "1896-1943", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DeeringJames", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Deering, James", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 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Oregon photographer", +"date": "1942-2009", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DegenvieveBarbara", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Degenvieve, Barbara", +"comment": "DeGenevieve, Barbara; 'Sex as Subject', Exposure Magazine, vol. 20, no. 4. 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", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DingYunpeng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ding, Yunpeng", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). d36y39p29 Alternate names: Ting Yun-p'eng, 丁雲鵬 Qing dynasty", +"date": "active ca. 1583-1638", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DingYuntu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ding, Yuntu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). d36y39t38 Alternate names: Ting Yün-t'u, 丁雲圖 Ming dynasty", +"date": "Ming dynasty", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Dioscorides", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dioscorides", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Alternate name: Pedanius Dioscorides Greek physician and author", +"date": "ca. 40-90 CE", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DipylonSculptor", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dipylon Sculptor", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active ca. 600 BCE", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DittoeLouisG", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dittoe, Louis G.", +"comment": "Chicago Daily Tribune; International Competition for a New Administration Building for the Chicago Tribune, Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune, 1923. American architect, born in Kentucky, practiced architecture in Cincinnati", +"date": "1867-1947", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DixonDenise", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dixon, Denise", +"comment": "Ewald, Wendy; Portraits and Dreams: Photographs and stories by children of the Appalachians, London: Writers and Readers Publishing Cooperative Society Ltd., 1985. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DixonHarryStJohn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dixon, Harry St. John", +"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. Designer and metalworker", +"date": "1890-1967", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DjoBourgeois", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Djo-Bourgeois", +"comment": "Brunhammer, Yvonne and Suzanne Tise; Decorative Arts in France, 1900-1942, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1990. French designer; born Seine et Oise; graduated from the Ecole Speciale d'Architecture; began exhibiting at the Salon in 1923.", +"date": "1898-1937", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DobbinsJim", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dobbins, Jim", +"comment": "Blue Sky Gallery; Some Twenty Odd Visions, Portland; Seattle; London: Blue Sky; University of Washington Press, 1978. ", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DobieSamuel", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dobie, Samuel", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. architect among those who contributed designs for the U.S. capitol building in the 1792 competition", +"date": "late 18th-early 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DoddWilliamJames", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dodd, William James", +"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. architect who created designs for Gates Potteries in Terra Cotta, Illinois", +"date": "1862-1930", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Dodge", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dodge", +"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", +"date": "ca. 1907", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DoerpfeldW", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Doerpfeld, W.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DoesborchJanvan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Doesborch, Jan van", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active ca 1520-ca. 1530", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DogFingers", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dog Fingers", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DohertyWilliam", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Doherty, William", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. phootgrapher", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DohnPauline", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dohn, Pauline", +"comment": "Perry, Rachel Berenson; T.C. Steele & the Society of Western Artists, 1896-1914, Bloomington; Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2009. American painter", +"date": "active 1890-1900", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/dOhssonIgnaceMourdgea", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "d'Ohsson, Ignace Mourdgea", +"comment": "Stanley, Tim; Palace and Mosque: Islamic Art From the Middle East, London; New York: V&A Publications; Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 2004. ", +"date": "1788", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DokutanSosan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dokutan Sosan", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Japanese Zen priest and founder of the Nan'yoin temple in Kyoto; alternate name: Dokutan Toyota", +"date": "1840-1917", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DolePhilipH", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dole, Philip H.", +"comment": "http://pages.uoregon.edu/ashp/Journal/2007_May.pdf. ", +"date": "1921-2006", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DominguesAlfonso", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Domingues, Alfonso", +"comment": "Schütz, Bernard; Great Monasteries of Europe, English language edition, New York; London: Abeeville Press Publishers, 2004. ", +"date": "active late 14th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DominickandHaff", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dominick and Haff", +"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. New York", +"date": "1872-1928", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DominickCCiminoArchitect", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dominick C. Cimino Architect", +"comment": "Nesmith, Lynn; AIA Component Awards, Architecture, vol. 76, no. 5. ", +"date": "late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DomonKen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Domon, Ken", +"comment": "Szarkowski, John and Shoji Yamagishi; New Japanese Photography, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1974. ", +"date": "born 1932", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DonaldInsallAssociates", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Donald Insall Associates", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. London-based architecture firm specializing in preservation of historic buildings and design of new buildings in historic areas.", +"date": "established ca. 1960", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DonaldsonLithoCo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Donaldson Litho Co.", +"comment": "Daniel, Noel; Magic: 1400s-1950s, Cologne: Taschen, 2009. Located in Newport, Kentucy. The Donaldson Art Sign Company in Covington and the Donaldson Lithography Company in Newport can be traced back to a partnership between William M. Donaldson and Henry Elms. These two entrepreneurs began a small lithography business in Cincinnati on August 10, 1863 . By the end of the first year of operation, the firm owned and operated seven hand printing presses. With the death of Mr. Elms in 1872, the business became the sole property of Donaldson. The company was officially incorporated as the Donaldson Lithograph Co. in 1883. ", +"date": "1883-1987", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DonaldsonWalter", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Donaldson, Walter", +"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DongBangda", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dong, Bangda", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). d38b25d22 Alternate names: Tung Pang-ta, 董邦達 Qing dynasty (1699-1769)", +"date": "1699-1769", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DongWensheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dong, Wensheng", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Lianyun, Jiangsu Province; graduated 1990 from the Normal Technical University in Changzhou. He lives and works in Changzhou.", +"date": "b. 1970", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DongXiwen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dong, Xiwen", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1914-1973", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DongZhengyi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dong, Zhengyi", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Tung Cheng-yi", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Donkyo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Donkyo", +"comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DonnellGeorgeO", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Donnell, George O.", +"comment": "Sprigg, June; Shaker Design, New York, London: Whitney Museum of American Art, W.W. Norton & Company, 1986. Shaker furniture maker", +"date": "b. 1822", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DoolittleHaroldLukens", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Doolittle, Harold Lukens", +"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. Amateur craftsman in carving, cabinetmaking, printing and lettering", +"date": "1883-1974", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DoornickMarcus", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Doornick, Marcus", +"comment": "Abercrombie, Patrick; Wren's Plan for London After the Great Fire, Town Planning Review, vol. 10, no. 2. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DöplerEmil", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Döpler, Emil", +"comment": "Deutsches Historisches Museum; Kunst! Kommerz! Visionen!: Deutsche Plakate, 1888-1933, Heidelberg: Edition Braus, 1992. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Dormeuil", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dormeuil", +"comment": "Moore, Doris Langley-Levy. Fashion through Fashion Plates, 1771-1970. New York, C.N. Potter, 1971. 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", +"date": "est. 1967", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DrCWolfandSohn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dr. C. Wolf & Sohn", +"comment": "Hiesinger, Kathryn Bloom; Art Nouveau in Munich: Masters of Jugendstil from the Stadtmuseum, Munich, and Other Public and Private Collections, Philadelphia, Munich: Philadelphia Museum of Art, Prestel-Verlag, 1988. 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", +"date": "2005-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DrozdaRobert", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Drozda, Robert", +"comment": "Lee, Molly and Gregory A. Reinhardt; Eskimo Architecture: Dwelling and Structure in the Early Historic Period, Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press and University of Alaska Museum, 2003. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DruzhininIV", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Druzhinin, I. V.", +"comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", +"date": "1887-1949", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DryDesign", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dry Design", +"comment": "Trulove, James Grayson and Nora Richter Greer; Sustainable Homes, 2nd edition, New York: Harper Design International, 2004. American architectural firm based in Los Angeles", +"date": "active 1996-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DryákAlois", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dryák, Alois", +"comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. 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Du is born in Chenghai, Guangdong Province. Joining in Guangdong branch of the Chinese Artists' Association in 1962, he is now the council member of Guangdong branch of the Chinese Artists' Association. He is also the member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association. alternate name: 杜应强 ", +"date": "born 1939", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DuZhilian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Du, Zhilian", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Tu Chih-lien", +"date": "active mid 20th century ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DuanGanqing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Duan, Ganqing", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1931-1949 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981;. alternate name: 段干青", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DuanyPlaterZyberkDPK", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Duany/Plater-Zyberk (DPK)", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Celebrating its 25th year in 2005, Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company (DPZ) is a major leader in the practice and direction of urban planning", +"date": "1980-current", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DubanJacquesFelix", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Duban, Jacques Felix", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. French architect; member of the Academy of Fine Arts; winner of the Prix de Rome in 1823", +"date": "1798-1870", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DübbersMosaik", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dübbers-Mosaik", +"comment": "Marcus, George H.; Design in the Fifties: When Everyone Went Modern, New York: Prestel, 1998. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DubencaMichel", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dubenca, Michel", +"comment": "Moogk, Peter N.; Building a House in New France: an Account of the Perplexities of Client and Craftsmen in Early Canada, Toronto: McClelland and Stewart Limited, 1977. Louisbourg carpenter", +"date": "active 1752", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DuchennedeBoulogneGuillaumeBenjaminAmand", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Duchenne de Boulogne, Guillaume Benjamin Amand", +"comment": "Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. New York: Abbeville Press, 1997. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DufourJ", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dufour, J.", +"comment": "Blackwell, Lewis; Twentieth-Century Type, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1992. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DufresneWylie", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dufresne, Wylie", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. chef", +"date": "born 1970", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DugasRonald", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dugas, Ronald", +"comment": "Loy, WIlliam G.; Atlas of Oregon, Eugene: University of Oregon, 1976. 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", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DutschkeWerner", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dutschke, Werner", +"comment": "Fiedler, Jeannine and Peter Feierabend; Bauhaus, Cologne: Konemann, 2000. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DuttenhoferChristian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Duttenhofer, Christian", +"comment": "Wolff, Arnold; Der Kölner Dom, Köln: Verlag Kölner Dom, 1995. ", +"date": "active early 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DuttonAllenA", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dutton, Allen A.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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", +"date": "active ca. 1925", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EberLinda", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Eber, Linda", +"comment": "Broude, Norma and Mary D. Garrar, eds.; Power of Feminist Art: the American Movement of the 1970s, History and Impact, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EckmanOtto", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Eckman, Otto", +"comment": "Buddensieg, Tilmann. Industriekultur : Peter Behrens and the AEG, 1907 - 1914. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1984. 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AAA Architecture student", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EHDDArchitecture", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "EHDD Architecture", +"comment": "Chueca, Pilar; Sustainable Homes, Barcelona: Links, 2009. California based architecture firm founded by Joseph Esherick, George Homsey, Peter Dodge, and Chuck Davis", +"date": "active 1972-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EhmckeFritzHellmuth", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ehmcke, Fritz Hellmuth", +"comment": "Deutsches Historisches Museum; Kunst! Kommerz! 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", +"date": "12th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Enkinshi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Enkin-shi", +"comment": "Mizuno, Keizaburō, Hideo Okada, and Kazuharu Asai; Tōdaiji to Heijōkyō : Nara no kenchiku, chōkoku, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1990 (4061964046). ", +"date": "752", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Enshin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Enshin", +"comment": "Toda, Teisuke and Ryūsuke Asami; Zenshū jiin to teien : Nanbokuchō, Muromachi no kenchiku chōkoku kōgei, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu. ", +"date": "12th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ErbeCompanyTulingenGermany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Erbe Company, Tulingen, Germany", +"comment": "Raizman, David S. History of Modern Design. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2004. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ErbrichAdolf", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Erbrich, Adolf", +"comment": "Roder, Sabine, Gerhard Storck, and Michael Fehr; Deutsches Museum fur Kunst in Handel und Gewerbe, 1909-1919, Antwerp: Pandora, 1997. silversmith at the Wiener Werstatte", +"date": "active ca. 1906", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ErgonomicDesignGruppen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ergonomic Design Gruppen", +"comment": "Raizman, David S. History of Modern Design. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2004. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EricksonRuth", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Erickson, Ruth", +"comment": "Meyer, Marilee Boyd; Inspiring Reform: Boston's Arts and Crafts Movement, Wellesley: Davis Museum and Cultural Center, 1997. potter", +"date": "active ca. 1900-1905", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ErisAlfred", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Eris, Alfred", +"comment": "Daniel, Noel; Magic: 1400s-1950s, Cologne: Taschen, 2009. ", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ErpVioletAgathavan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Erp, Violet Agatha van", +"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Green. American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design. Los Angeles, Calif. : Los Angeles County Museum of Art ; Boston : Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown, c1990. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Errard", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Errard", +"comment": "Calliat, Victor; Parallèle des maisons de Paris construites depuis 1830 jusqu'à nos jours, dessiné et publié par Victor Calliat, architecte, Paris: Bance, 1857-1864. draftsman, perhaps ULAN 500045504", +"date": "active ca. 1857", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ErwoodFCEccleston", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Erwood, F. C. Eccleston", +"comment": "Martin, A. R.; Franciscan Architecture in England, Manchester: University Press, 1937. ", +"date": "active 1920s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EschwegeWilhelmLudwigvon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Eschwege, Wilhelm Ludwig von", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1777-1855", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EssenweinAugustvon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Essenwein, August von", +"comment": "Wolff, Arnold; Der Kölner Dom, Köln: Verlag Kölner Dom, 1995. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EsteAlessandrod", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Este, Alessandro d’", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Cardinal", +"date": "1568-1624", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EstevesXavier", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Esteves, Xavier", +"comment": "http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xavier_Esteves. aka Francisco Xavier Esteves", +"date": "1864-1944", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EsteyManufacturingCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Estey Manufacturing Company", +"comment": "Hanks, David A. and Jennifer Toher; Donald Deskey: Decorative Designs and Interiors, New York: E.P. Dutton, 1987. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EtbauerTheodorPaul", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Etbauer, Theodor Paul", +"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", +"date": "b. 1892", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EtheridgeRoe", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Etheridge, Roe", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Roe Ethridge was born in 1969 in Miami and received a BFA in Photography at The College of Art in Atlanta, GA. Ethridge's images emanate from his direct experience of the world. His focus is multiple and restless as he works to capture the vivid and intimate details of his various locales. In doing so, he moves freely among the classic genres of the photographic medium - portrait, landscape, and still life. ", +"date": "born 1969", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Etienne", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Etienne", +"comment": "Stierlin, Henri; Encyclopaedia of World Architecture v.1, Second edition, London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1979. One of the architects of the cathedral of Santiago de Compostela", +"date": "active 1080", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EtlingEdmondLaurent", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Etling, Edmond Laurent", +"comment": "Arwas, Victor; Art Deco, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. French studio and retailer for art glass", +"date": "active ca. 1920-ca. 1930", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/etoy", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "etoy", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1994-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EtudesetCartographieSarlEC", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Etudes et Cartographie Sarl (EC)", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 6 Rue Leon Trulin - 59800 LILLE RCS Lille B 321 316 606", +"date": "1982-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EudesofMetz", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Eudes of Metz", +"comment": "Stierlin, Henri; Encyclopaedia of World Architecture v.1, Second edition, London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1979. ", +"date": "active 777-794", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EugeneFuturePowerCommitteeInc", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Eugene Future Power Committee, Inc.", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Eugene, Oregon", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EugeneSandandGravel", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Eugene Sand and Gravel", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EulaJoseph", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Eula, Joseph", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1925-2004", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Euxitheos", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Euxitheos", +"comment": "Noble, Joseph Veach; Techniques of Painted Attic Pottery, New York: Watson-Guptill Publications; Metropolitan Museum, 1965. potter", +"date": "active ca. 515 BCE", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EvansJason", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Evans, Jason", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Jason Evans was born in Holyhead on June the 5th 1968. That makes him a Welsh Gemini, but does not account for his interest in psychedelic musics. He is a multi-disciplinary photographer whose main output has been through the fashion and music media and preferred mode of transport has been the bicycle. He enjoys teaching at UCA Farnham.", +"date": "born 1968", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EwartAlexanderCharles", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ewart, Alexander Charles", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. architect", +"date": "1854-1916", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ExpressSteamPrintingHouse", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Express Steam Printing House", +"comment": "Daniel, Noel; Magic: 1400s-1950s, Cologne: Taschen, 2009. Located on East Swan Street in Buffalo, New York, USA.", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FandCOsler", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "F. & C. Osler", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. London and Birmingham", +"date": "active 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FForbes", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "F. Forbes", +"comment": "Lyons, Marvin; Russian Original Photographs 1860-1920, New York: Scribner, 1977. photographer", +"date": "active 1910s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FWolffandSohn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "F. Wolff & Sohn", +"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FaRuozhen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fa, Ruozhen", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). f22r37z42 Alternate names: Fa Jo-chen, 法若貞 Qing dynasty (b Jiaozhou (modern Jiao xian), Shandong Province, 1613; d 1696). Chinese painter and government official. Fa was active mostly in Anhui Province and is often loosely associated with the Anhui school of the early Qing period (1644–1911), but he is best grouped with the eccentrics or individualists of the period rather than with the more conservative traditions of the Orthodox school. The 19th-century text Tongyin lun hua (‘Discourses on painting in the shade of the paulownia tree’), referring to his highly original painting style, noted that Fa ‘followed a path of his own’. Nevertheless he is seldom ranked among the foremost painters of the period, his output and influence being limited. Fa gained his jinshi degree in 1646 and joined the Hanlin Academy in Beijing in the same year. He held a number of government posts and even helped repel Ming loyalist attacks on the Manchus in Fujian Province. He served as a judicial commissioner in Zhejiang (1662–4) and became Lieutenant-Governor of Anhui Province in 1668. After losing that post (allegedly for concealing a shortage in a friend’s accounts), he tried to enter service again in 1679 but failed the boxue hongci examination, which brought his official career to an end. A large hanging scroll, Misty Mountain Landscape (Stockholm, Östasiat. Mus.), exemplifies Fa’s painting style. Composed almost exclusively of a rocky slope and mist-enshrouded trees, it suggests a primeval volcanic wilderness with vapours escaping from fissures and swirling masses. The nervous line of Fa’s rock contours, his ambiguous rendering of landscape forms (which can sometimes be read as hollows rather than crags and hillocks) and the pronounced contrast of light and shadow animate his images, producing an effect of strangeness. Like most of his other landscapes, this painting represents a mountainside after heavy rain (some examples portray the landscape in rain). Fa’s own inscriptions and other evidence reveal that this was a longstanding pictorial metaphor for good government—the effective and benevolent administrator brings benefits to the people he governs as rain brings good crops to farmers. In painting numerous depictions of this theme, presumably for others who, like himself, held positions under the Manchus and so were open to accusations of collaboration from Ming loyalists, he was asserting the virtuousness and wisdom of such practice and justifying his own decision to serve the Manchu regime (a course some considered dishonorable, even turncoat). --DOA", +"date": "1613-1696", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FabianDirk", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fabian, Dirk", +"comment": "Kunst- und Ausstelleungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland; Gandhara: Das Buddhistische Erbe Pakistans Legenden, Klöster und Paradiese, Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 2008. Cartographer", +"date": "late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FàbregasRicard", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fàbregas, Ricard", +"comment": "Robinson, William H, Jordi Falgàs, and Carmen Belen Lord; Barcelona and Modernity: Picasso, Gaudí, Miró, Dalí, Cleveland, New Haven: Cleveland Museum of Art, Yale University Press, 2006. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FadaRadioandElectricCo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fada Radio & Electric Co.", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Founded by Frank d´Andrea. 30-20 Thomson Avenue, Long Island, New York; former F.A.D.Andrea, Inc. 1581 Jerome Avenue, NY, NY", +"date": "1925-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FaguaysPierreLe", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Faguays, Pierre Le", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. French art deco sculptor", +"date": "1892-1935", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FaienceManufacturingCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Faience Manufacturing Company", +"comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. Brooklyn, New York", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FaleideArchitects", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Faleide Architects", +"comment": "Trulove, James Grayson; New Sustainable Homes, New York: Collins Design, 2006. American architectural firm in Colorado", +"date": "active 1995-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FanKuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fan, Kuan", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). f23k37 Alternate names: Fan K'uan, 范寬 Song dynasty (b Huayuan [now Hua xian, Shaanxi Province], c. ad 990; d c. 1030). Chinese painter. He was one of the most important representatives of the monumental tradition of Northern Song (960–1127) landscape painting, which at that time was becoming established as the most important category of painting in China (see China, §V, 3(iv)(b)). About 1024 Guo Ruoxu ( fl 11th century), a minor court official at Bianliang (modern Kaifeng), the capital of the Northern Song dynasty, wrote in the Tuhua jianwen zhi (‘Experiences in painting’) that Fan Kuan was the equal of Li Cheng and Guan Tong and that these three masters stood ‘like the legs of a tripod’ and would serve as models ‘for a hundred generations’. About 20 years later, Liu Daochun (fl mid-11th century) wrote in the Shengchao minghua ping (‘Critique of famous painters of the present dynasty’) that the only landscapists deserving absolute praise were Li Cheng and Fan Kuan and that there was no-one, past or present, who compared with them. Fan Kuan was not a scholar, nor did he pass any examinations or hold any official position. Guo Ruoxu wrote that ‘Kuan’s manner and appearance had an antique severity, that his behaviour was rude and rustic and that it was his nature to crave wine and love the Daoist Way’. His earlier work was based on the paintings of Li cheng, which he studied as a young man, as well as on those of Jing hao. As he matured, however, Fan introduced innovations obviously based on direct and careful observation of nature. According to the Xuanhe huapu (‘Xuanhe collection of paintings’; the catalogue of the paintings of the Song emperor Huizong (reg 1101–26); preface dated 1120), he believed that, like those before him who had made it their rule never to be detached from things, he too should learn, not from other men but from things themselves or, better still, from their inner nature. In order to accomplish this he isolated himself from society and lived alone in the mountains, exactly where is not known. His artistic activity, temperament and way of life are clearly reflected in the character of his landscapes. They have a rational order and inherent structural precision that reflect a Neo-Confucianist cosmic view, and surface textures and atmospheric effects that could only have been based on careful observation of nature in all its moods. As early as the beginning of the Song period (960–1279), critics distinguished between two major schools of painting originating with either Li Cheng or Fan Kuan. The comparison involved not only their general styles but also their brush techniques. According to Mi Fu, in the Hua shi (‘History of painting’; completed 1103), Fan Kuan’s work was ‘as dark as nightfall on a gloomy day’, and his excessive use of ink in his later years made it impossible to distinguish the earth from the rocks in his paintings. Mi Fu went so far as to rank Fan Kuan as superior to all the landscape painters of his period, but other critics generally regarded Fan Kuan and Li Cheng as equals, and both as belonging to the ‘divine’ (shen) category of painters. Sternness and independence were the qualities most frequently associated with Fan Kuan. Throughout his career, his creative genius was patently nurtured by the quality of his communication with nature. It was felt that his paintings revealed no sense of the soft or mellow aspects of nature, but his attention to realism earned him a reputation for ‘showing the very bones of the mountains’ (Miyagawa, p. 176); and Mi wrote that ‘in Fan Kuan’s landscapes you can hear the water’ (Loehr, p. 100). According to Alexander Soper, the commentaries of Liu Daochun referred to the ‘real rocks and ancient trees which thrust themselves up, alive, under his brush. One finds in him a spirit consonance (qiyun) that goes beyond the surface of things and an indifference to ornamental beauty’ (see 1961–2 exh. cat., no. 18). Fan’s sense of order came to be regarded as characteristic of the Northern Song tradition of landscape painting. He introduced the principle of sanfen gefa (‘three-division method’) of staggered depth to establish a logical, three-part organization: foreground, middle ground and background—the ‘three distances’ (sanyuan). High distance (gaoyuan) perspective set off towering peaks in monumental settings against tiny human forms. These cliff faces were given form as well as a rocklike sense of mass by a brushstroke known as yudian cun (‘raindrop texture stroke’). This technique may have been used earlier but Fan was the first to develop it systematically on a large scale. The only authenticated example of Fan Kuan’s work is Travellers among Mountains and Streams, one of the most famous Chinese paintings. Originally believed to have been unsigned, this hanging scroll bears a signature (rediscovered in 1958) in the lower right-hand corner. Additional authentication is provided by an inscription on the mount by Dong Qichang, which attributes the work to Fan and gives the title. Consisting of two panels joined at the centre, the painting is monumental both in conception and in size. At the centre of the composition and dominating it is a massive vertical cliff viewed in the high distance, which creates a visual barrier to movement beyond the middle ground. Only the mountain crests have vegetation. Space provided for movement is limited to the foreground, where the tiny figures of travellers, dwarfed by the central mass, are seen on a road which runs from right to left. Clustered at the base of the cliff, and thus providing a transition between middle ground and background, are mists, created by light ink washes, which silhouette the roofs of a temple barely visible above the densely wooded hill. The entire composition emphasizes rational organization and the unmistakable sense of nature’s dominance. It also strongly reflects the severity identified with Fan’s style. Several other paintings in the National Palace Museum in Taipei are attributed to Fan Kuan but none is signed. Fan Kuan exerted enormous influence on contemporary artists such as Yan Wengui as well as on subsequent generations. The later Song master Li Tang made persistent references to him in such compositions as Whispering Pines in the Gorges (hanging scroll; ink and light colour on silk; 1.88×1.39 m; 1124; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). Even though the balance of foreground to background and the sense of space have been modified, as has the brushstroke, a dependence on the earlier heroic style is clearly evident. Copies made in the later part of the Ming (1368–1644) and early Qing (1644–1911) periods were increasingly removed from the original in their rendering of space, the proportional relationships between pictorial elements and the different brushwork, although the original conception remained.--DOA", +"date": "ca. 990-1030", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FanLong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fan, Long", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). f23l43 Alternate names: Fan Lung, 梵隆 Song dynasty", +"date": "active 1100-1150", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FanMingti", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fan, Mingti", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Chinese watercolorist", +"date": "b. 1915", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FanQi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fan, Qi", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). f23q22 Alternate names: Fan Ch'i, 樊圻 Qing dynasty (1616-after 1694)", +"date": "1616 - after 1694", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FanYixin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fan, Yixin", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province; alternate name: 范一辛", +"date": "born 1927", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FanZhihua", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fan, Zhihua", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Fan Chih-hua ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FaneFrancis1stEarlofWestmorland", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fane, Francis, 1st Earl of Westmorland", +"comment": "Wikipedia. ", +"date": "1580-1629", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FangCong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fang, Cong", +"comment": "Rawski, Evelyn S. and Jessica Rawson; China: The Three Emperors, 1662-1795, London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2005. ", +"date": "fl. 1758-1795", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FangCongyi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fang, Congyi", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). f24c56y28 Alternate names: Fang Ts'ung-i, 方從義 Yuan dynasty (b Guixi, Jiangxi Province; fl c. 1340–80). Chinese painter who became a Daoist priest in his youth; he joined the Zhengyi sect, whose main temples were situated in the Shangqing Temple (Shangqing si) on Mt Longhu in his home district, and studied under the priest Jin Pengtou. During the early 1340s, after the death of his teacher, he travelled from Xinzhou to many areas along the River Yangzi and in 1343 visited the capital, Dadu (Khanbaligh, now Beijing), where he became acquainted with many officials and scholarly men and established a reputation as a painter. He is reported to have visited many famous sites along the Great Wall and may have made several trips to the scenic mountains that were considered the home of the Daoist immortals; these included the Taihang range, on the border of Henan and Shanxi provinces, Mt Heng (Shanxi), Mt Tai and Mt Huafouju (Shandong), Mt Zhong in Nanjing (Jiangsu), Mt Kuanglu (Jiangxi) and Mt Wuyi (Fujian). During his time in the capital he seems to have attracted the attention of the Princess of Lu, known as a great patron of art, and of another Daoist painter, Zhang Yanfu ( fl 1340–50), who was connected with the court. However, he soon returned to Xinzhou and set up his own temple. Later he was said to have lived in mountain temples in Jinhua, in western Zhejiang Province. During the last period of his life he is thought to have travelled extensively in south China, including various parts of Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Fujian provinces, visiting many of the Daoist sacred mountains. According to his contemporaries, he had an unearthly manner and bearing that recalled the qualities of a Daoist immortal. This characteristic ethereality is reflected in such paintings as Boating under Mt Wuyi (hanging scroll, 1359; Beijing, Pal. Mus.) and Divine Mountains and Luminous Woods (hanging scroll, 1365; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), in which the landscape appears to change and evolve, without clearly defined shapes and images. Influenced by the atmospheric monochrome ink-wash manner of Mi Fu and Mi Youren of the Song period (960–1279), his paintings may be grouped, with those of Ni Zan, in the untrammelled category ( yipin) of painters (see China, §V, 5(ii)). Fang was also part of the tradition developed in the early Yuan period (1279–1368), when literati painters such as Gao Kegong were increasingly concerned with developing personal modes of expression and with the depiction of more than objective reality (e.g. Clouds and Snow on the Shanyin Mountains, after Gao Kegong, hanging scroll, n.d.; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). However, his life as a Daoist priest and the individuality of his style set him apart from his contemporaries.--DOA", +"date": "active ca. 1340 - 1380", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FangHengxian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fang, Hengxian", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). f23h32x24 Alternate names: Fang Heng-hsien, 方亨咸 Qing dynasty", +"date": "active ca. 1647 - 1678", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FangJi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fang, Ji", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Ming dynasty painter", +"date": "active ca. 1500", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FangLijun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fang, Lijun", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. b. Handan, Hebei province, PRC Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing, 1989", +"date": "b. 1963", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FangLimin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fang, Limin", +"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Quzhou, Zhejiang province", +"date": "born 1964", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FangShishu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fang, Shishu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). f24s43s45 Alternate names: Fang Shih-shu, 方世庶 Qing dynasty (1692-1751)", +"date": "1692 - 1751", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FangTu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fang, Tu", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist from Guangzhou, resides in Guangzhou, graduated from the Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts, 1986", +"date": "born 1963", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FangWeiwen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fang, Weiwen", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Brunei, resides in Taiwan.", +"date": "born 1970", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FangYi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fang, Yi", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FangYulu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fang, Yulu", +"comment": "Possessing the past : treasures from the National Palace Museum, Taipei / Wen C. Fong, James C.Y. Watt; with contributions by Richard M. Barnhart ... [et al]. New York : Metropolitan Museum of Art : Distributed by H.N. Abrams, 1996. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FangZengxian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fang, Zengxian", +"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese painter during the Cultural Revolution", +"date": "b. 1931", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FangZhaolin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fang, Zhaolin", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FangZhaoling", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fang, Zhaoling", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). Chinese painter and calligrapher ", +"date": "1914-2006", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FanningJames", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fanning, James", +"comment": "Architecture of Philip Johnson, Boston : Bulfinch Press, 2002. ", +"date": "mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FaragóÖdön", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Faragó, Ödön", +"comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Faraj", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Faraj", +"comment": "Dodds, Jerrilynn D.; Al-Andalus: the Art of Islamic Spain, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1992. ivory carvers", +"date": "active 1000-1010", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FarnhamJamesHarold", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Farnham, James Harold", +"comment": "UO AAA Library Architectural Drawing Collection. UO architecture student 1920s", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FarnhamPaulding", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Farnham, Paulding", +"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. 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Since 1996 he is professor in the Audiovisual Communication Program in the Universitat Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona.", +"date": "born 1955", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ForbesAlexanderJ", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Forbes, Alexander J.", +"comment": "Arts and Crafts Movement in California :Living the Good Life. Edited by Kenneth R. Trapp; with essays by Leslie Greene Bowman. New York : Abbeville Press, 1993. 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N.", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ForgacsPeter", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Forgacs, Peter", +"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FormicaColorcore", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Formica Colorcore", +"comment": "Neuhart, John, Marilyn Neuhart and Ray Eames; Eames Design: The Work of the Office of Charles and Ray Eames, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. Publishers, 1989. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ForrestLinn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Forrest, Linn", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. One of the contributing Forest Service architects for Timberline Lodge, Mount Hood", +"date": "active 1930s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ForstAverellandCo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Forst, Averell & Co.", +"comment": "Meggs, Philip B. A History of Graphic Design. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992.. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ForsterRoy", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Forster, Roy", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Curator of the VanDusen Botanical Garden in Vancouver from 1977-1996", +"date": "active 1970-2000", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ForsythJames", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Forsyth, James", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. British sculptor of ecclesiastical works; exhibited at the Royal Academy from the mid-1860s through the 1880s.", +"date": "1826-1910", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FortFrank", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fort, Frank", +"comment": "Chicago Daily Tribune; International Competition for a New Administration Building for the Chicago Tribune, Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune, 1923. architect, worked in New York City", +"date": "active ca. 1920", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FortiSimone", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Forti, Simone", +"comment": "Crow, Thomas; Rise of the Sixties, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996 (0300106831). ", +"date": "born 1935", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FossatiGuiseppe", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fossati, Guiseppe", +"comment": "Kinross, Patrick Balfour, Baron; Hagia Sophia, New York: Newsweek, 1972. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FouillyEvrarddeBishop", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fouilly, Evrard de, Bishop", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Bishop of Amiens", +"date": "active 13th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FowkeFrances", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fowke, Frances", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FowlerConstanceE", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fowler, Constance E.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FoxAnna", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fox, Anna", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Born in 1961 and completing her degree in Audio Visual studies at The Surrey Institute, Farnham in 1986, Anna Fox has been working in photography and video for over twenty years. Anna Fox is Professor of Photography at University for the Creative Arts at Farnham. ", +"date": "born 1961", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FoxSharon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fox, Sharon", +"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. ", +"date": "born 1946", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FraenkelPeter", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fraenkel, Peter", +"comment": "Mazrui, Ali A.; Africans: A Triple Heritage, First Paperback edition, Boston; Toronto: Little, Brown and Company, 1986. photographer", +"date": "20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FrancesSean", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Frances, Sean", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FrancisandShawInc", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Francis & Shaw, Inc.", +"comment": "Landay, Jerry M.; Dome of the Rock, Deluxe edition, New York: Newsweek Book Division, 1972. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FrancoFrancisco", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Franco, Francisco", +"comment": "Ades, Dawn et al.; Art and Power: Europe Under the Dictators 1930-45, London: Thames and Hudson, 1995. Spanish military general and fascist dictator, head of state of Spain from 1936-1975.", +"date": "1892-1975", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FrancoliniFelice", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Francolini, Felice", +"comment": "Gurrieri, Francesco and Patrizia Fabbri; Palaces of Florence, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1996. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FrankDouglas", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Frank, Douglas", +"comment": "Frank, Douglas; Landscapes, Birmingham, MI: Halsted Gallery, 1984. ", +"date": "born 1948", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FrankelR", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Frankel, R.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FranzAntonHarrachArchbishopofSalzburg", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Franz Anton Harrach, Archbishop of Salzburg", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active 1721-1727", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FraserFurnessandHewitt", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fraser, Furness and Hewitt", +"comment": "O'Gorman, James F.; Architecture of Frank Furness, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1973. ", +"date": "1867-1871", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FrazierSusan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Frazier, Susan", +"comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", +"date": "active ca. 1972", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FrederickIIIPrinceofSalmKyrburg", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Frederick III, Prince of Salm-Kyrburg", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Frederick III John Otto Francis Christian Philip, prince of Salm-Kyrburg, Hornes and Overijse, Gemen and Count of Solre-le-Château. Reigned 1779 to 1794.", +"date": "1744-1794", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FreelMirleJr", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Freel, Mirle, Jr.", +"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. ", +"date": "born 1940", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FreemanFrank", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Freeman, Frank", +"comment": "Greiff, Constance M.; Lost America, From the Mississippi to the Pacific, Princeton: Pyne Press, 1972. Architect from Hamilton, Ontario who established his practice in Brooklyn and became known for his Romanesque Revival style buildings.", +"date": "1861-1949", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FreemanVida", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Freeman, Vida", +"comment": "Katzman, Louise; Photography in California, 1945-1980, New York: Hudson Hills Press, 1984. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FrenchJosephNathaniel", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "French, Joseph Nathaniel", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American architect who worked in Detroit with Albert Kahn Associates, Inc. from 1914-1967", +"date": "1888-1975", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FreundDavid", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Freund, David", +"comment": "Hume, Sandy, Ellen Manchester, Gary Metz and Nathan Lyons; Great West: Real/Ideal, Boulder: University of Colorado at Boulder, 1977. American photographer", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FreyMax", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Frey, Max", +"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. 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American graphic designer based in San Francisco who specialized in rock concert poster designs.", +"date": "active ca. 1965", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FriendsofFinnishHandicrafts", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Friends of Finnish Handicrafts", +"comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. ", +"date": "active late20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FriesJohn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fries, John", +"comment": "Greiff, Constance M.; Lost America, From the Mississippi to the Pacific, Princeton: Pyne Press, 1972. born in Bavaria, trained in the United States as an architect builder, worked in San Antonio", +"date": "1818-1880", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FrimodigJohnRennell", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Frimodig, John Rennell", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "died 1995", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FryBenjamin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fry, Benjamin", +"comment": "Greene, Rachel; Internet Art, London: Thames & Hudson, 2004. ", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FryeGillanMolinaroArchitects", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Frye Gillan Molinaro Architects", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Chicago-based architectural firm specializing in the design and construction of public and academic libraries", +"date": " ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuLin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fu, Lin", +"comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. Fu Lin was born in Yuanping, Shanxi province. In 1963 Fu joined the People's Liberation Army. He studied woodblock printing informally and, by 1964, his work already was featured in the Third National People's Liberation Army Art Exhibition. He is a member of both the Chinese Printmakers' Association and Chinese Artists' Association. ", +"date": "born 1941", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuLongan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fu, Long'an", +"comment": "Rawski, Evelyn S. and Jessica Rawson; China: The Three Emperors, 1662-1795, London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2005. ", +"date": "active 18th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuShan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fu, Shan", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). f32s34 (b Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 12 July 1607; d Songzhuang, Shanxi Province, 23 July 1684). Chinese calligrapher, painter, poet and scholar–official. He was born in northern China to a scholarly family. When he was only 15 he passed the local examination, the first of three stages in the civil service examination ladder, to receive his xiucai degree and in 1625 became a stipendiary. Following his failure in the next stage—the provincial examinations—he went to study at the San Li Academy in Taiyuan. There he gained a reputation as a man of high moral character, in part because of his aversion to widespread official corruption in the late part of the Ming period (1368–1644); this may have hindered his advancement to an official career. After the Manchu conquest and the subsequent establishment of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), Fu Shan’s loyalty to the preceding dynasty led to his imprisonment and torture. In 1655, however, his students secured his release, and he began a period of travel in the northern provinces, visiting famous mountains, including Mt Hua in Shaanxi Province and Mt Tai in Shandong Province. During this period he worked as a physician and won renown as a poet. At the age of 72, Fu Shan was urged to take the boxue hongci examination, which Qing officials hoped would bring eminent scholars into the administration. He refused but was compelled nonetheless to journey to Beijing to pay his respects to the court. When he reached the city gates Fu Shan would go no further, throwing himself to the ground in protest. His action was interpreted as a gesture of obeisance, and he was allowed to return to Shanxi with the title of Secretary of the Grand Secretariat, an honour which he never acknowledged. He spent his later years in Songzhuang, south of Taiyuan, and died there. As a calligrapher, Fu Shan is regarded as one of the most original talents of his time; he favoured deliberately misshapen characters and once avowed that he preferred ‘deformities to slipperiness, the spontaneous to the premeditated’. A similar inclination is seen in his paintings, which are mostly of pines and rocks, bamboo or landscapes. An undated landscape (see fig.) represents a river valley winding among cliffside houses and leafy trees. Thin, even brushstrokes define the form of the rock groupings and provide texture; the thickly wooded foreground landscape becomes increasingly light and barren as the valley yields to distant peaks, and zigzag movements create a sense of depth. In the centre of the painting an overhang merges confusingly with adjacent cliffs so that there is no clear sense of which rock face precedes another. Like Wu bin, Fu Shan also painted fanciful or fantastic landscapes. Some examples of this kind on album leaves depict flamelike peaks and pinnacles, meandering streams and waterfalls. These visionary landscapes are quite different from the plain riverscapes of the Southern school artists of the Jiangnan region and the more conservative works of the Northern school landscapists.--DOA", +"date": "1602-1683", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuZhigui", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fu, Zhigui", +"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese painter from Wuqing, Hebei Province, graduated 1953 from the Central Art Academy; worked as a propaganda artist during the Cultural Revolution.", +"date": "b. 1931", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuZhisen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fu, Zhisen", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuZhu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fu, Zhu", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuchsMaximilian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fuchs, Maximilian", +"comment": "Wolff, Arnold; Der Kölner Dom, Köln: Verlag Kölner Dom, 1995. ", +"date": "active early 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FudeyaTokan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fudeya Tokan", +"comment": "Tokyo National Museum; 100th Anniversary of the Japan Art Institute: Lineage of Modern Japanese Art, Tokyo: Japan Art Institute, 1998. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuggerRaimond", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fugger, Raimond", +"comment": "Metropolitan Museum of Art; Islamic World, Tokyo: Dai Nippon Printing Co., 1987. Member of the Augberg mercantile-banking family. Owner of the National Gallery of Art's Nuremberg Chronicle, this version was especially bound for him.", +"date": "1489-1535", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FujiiKoyu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fujii, Koyu", +"comment": "Tokyo National Museum; 100th Anniversary of the Japan Art Institute: Lineage of Modern Japanese Art, Tokyo: Japan Art Institute, 1998. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FujimakiYoshio", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fujimaki, Yoshio", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1909-1935", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FujitaBunzo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fujita, Bunzo", +"comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", +"date": "1861-1934", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FujiwaranoYorimichi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fujiwara no Yorimichi", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Founder of Byodo-in temple", +"date": "990-1074", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FujiwaraTakaaki", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fujiwara, Takaaki", +"comment": "Toda, Teisuke and Toshio Ebine; Suibokuga to Chusei Emaki, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. ", +"date": "1351", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FukaseMasahisa", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fukase, Masahisa", +"comment": "Szarkowski, John and Shoji Yamagishi; New Japanese Photography, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1974. ", +"date": "born 1934", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FukudaTamotsu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fukuda, Tamotsu", +"comment": "Meiji kaikaki no nishikie (Meiji Japan through woodblock prints), Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1989. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FulperPotteryCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fulper Pottery Company", +"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. ", +"date": "1860-ca. 1935", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Fult", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fult", +"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FunandFrolicInc", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fun and Frolic, Inc.", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Madison Heights, Michigan", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FunMagazine", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Fun Magazine", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. See http://www.uflib.ufl.edu/UFDC/?c=punch&b=UF00078627 for full run online", +"date": "1861-1901", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FunkeW", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Funke, W.", +"comment": "Chicago Daily Tribune; International Competition for a New Administration Building for the Chicago Tribune, Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune, 1923. Architect, worked in Germany", +"date": "active ca. 1920", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuretLouisTheodors", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Furet, Louis-Theodors", +"comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", +"date": "1816-1900", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FurnessandEvans", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Furness and Evans", +"comment": "O'Gorman, James F.; Architecture of Frank Furness, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1973. ", +"date": "1881-1886", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FurnessandHewitt", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Furness and Hewitt", +"comment": "O'Gorman, James F.; Architecture of Frank Furness, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1973. ", +"date": "1871-1875", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FurnessEvansandCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Furness, Evans and Company", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1886-1932", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FurnitureShop", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Furniture Shop", +"comment": "Clark, Robert Judson; Arts and Crafts Movement in America, 1876-1916, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972. established by Lucia and Arthur Mathews; distinctive for use of colorful designs on furniture", +"date": "active ca. 1905-1920", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FurnitureShopoftheRoycrofters", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Furniture Shop of the Roycrofters", +"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Green. American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design. Los Angeles, Calif. : Los Angeles County Museum of Art ; Boston : Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown, c1990. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FurtwanglerAdolf", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Furtwangler, Adolf", +"comment": "Brommer, Frank; Sculptures of the Parthenon" Metopes, Frieze, Pediments, Cult, Statue, English edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 1979. author", +"date": "1853-1907", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuruhashiTeiji", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Furuhashi, Teiji", +"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", +"date": "1960-1995", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FurukawaAkira", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Furukawa, Akira", +"comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. Honolulu-based photographer", +"date": "second quarter 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuruyamaMoromasa", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Furuyama, Moromasa", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1712-1772", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuruyamaMoroshige", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Furuyama, Moroshige", +"comment": "Meech, Julia and Jane Oliver; Designed for Pleasure: The World of Edo Japan in Prints and Paintings, 1680-1860, New York; Seattle: Asia Society; University of Washington Press, 2008. ", +"date": "1678-1698", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuturefarmersFirm", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Futurefarmers (Firm)", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1995-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FXFOWLEArchitects", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "FXFOWLE Architects", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. New York and Dubai", +"date": "1978-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GR", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "G. R.", +"comment": "Wilkie, Angus; Biedermeier, Second edition, New York; London: Abbeville Press Publishers, 2006. furniture maker", +"date": "active 1817", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GabrielEdithM", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gabriel, Edith M.", +"comment": "Arwas, Victor; Art Deco, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. sculptor", +"date": "active ca. 1925", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GabrielRen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gabriel, Ren", +"comment": "Brunhammer, Yvonne and Suzanne Tise; Decorative Arts in France, 1900-1942, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1990. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaedeMarc", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gaede, Marc", +"comment": "Hume, Sandy, Ellen Manchester, Gary Metz and Nathan Lyons; Great West: Real/Ideal, Boulder: University of Colorado at Boulder, 1977. American photographer", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaficZiyah", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gafic, Ziyah", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Ziyah Gafić was born in Sarajevo, where he graduated in Comparative literature. Since 1999 he has been travelling extensively and covered major events in more then forty countries. ", +"date": "born 1980", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GageAustinE", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gage, Austin E.", +"comment": "Rieman, Timothy D. and Jean M. Burks; Complete Book of Shaker Furniture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , Publishers, 1993. Shaker furniture maker", +"date": "active mid 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaglianiOliver", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gagliani, Oliver", +"comment": "Hume, Sandy, Ellen Manchester, Gary Metz and Nathan Lyons; Great West: Real/Ideal, Boulder: University of Colorado at Boulder, 1977. American photography", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaiQi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gai, Qi", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g23q22 Alternate names: Kai Ch'i, 改琦 Qing dynasty (1774-1829)", +"date": "1774 - 1829", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GakuoZokyo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gakuo, Zokyo", +"comment": "Zaigai Nihon no shihō (Japanese Art: Selections from Western Collections) v.3, Tokyo: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1979. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GALACommittee", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "GALA Committee", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. A group comprised primarily of students and faculty from the University of Georgia and CalArts", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaleyevBulat", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Galeyev, Bulat", +"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. founder of art and technology group SKB Promotei", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GalliaAndrewB", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gallia, Andrew B.", +"comment": "Haselberger, Lothar; Maping Augustin Rome, Portsmouth, RI: Journal of Archaeology, 2002. ", +"date": "21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GallioTolomeoCardinal", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gallio, Tolomeo, Cardinal", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", +"date": "1526-1607", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GalnerSarah", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Galner, Sarah", +"comment": "Meyer, Marilee Boyd; Inspiring Reform: Boston's Arts and Crafts Movement, Wellesley: Davis Museum and Cultural Center, 1997. ", +"date": "active ca. 1915", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GalushaElijah", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Galusha, Elijah", +"comment": "Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute; Masterpieces of American furniture from the Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, NY: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1999. ", +"date": "1804-1871", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GanAlekseiM", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gan, Aleksei M.", +"comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ganbun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ganbun", +"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. an artist famous for his inlays of miniscule ants", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GannettAlison", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gannett, Alison", +"comment": "McGregor, Suzi Moore and Nora Burba Trulsson; Living Homes: Sustainable Architecture and Design, San Francisco: Chronicle Press, 2008. American designer and builder", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GannettHenry", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gannett, Henry", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American geographer who is described as the 'Father of the Quadrangle (geography)' which is the basis for topographical maps in the United States", +"date": "1846-1914", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaoCen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gao, Cen", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g26c28 Alternate names: Kao Ts'en, 高岑 Qing dynasty One of the Eight Masters of Jinling: Term used to designate eight leading members of the Nanjing School of painting who were active in the second half of the 17th century. They were Gong xian, Fan Qi Ye Xin, Zou Zhe, Gao Cen, Hu Cao, Wu Hong and Xie Sun.--DOA", +"date": "active ca. 1670", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaoFenghan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gao, Fenghan", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g26f27h24 Alternate names: Kao Feng-han, 高鳳瀚 Qing dynasty (b Jiaozhou (modern Jiao xian), Shandong Province, 1683; d ?Shandong Province, 1748–9). Chinese painter, calligrapher, seal-carver, collector and poet. The son of a minor official in charge of local education, Gao developed an interest in poetry, painting and seal-carving in his early youth, when he also began to collect old seals and inkstones. The great poet Wang Shizhen took a liking to him and left instructions before his death that Gao be admitted into the ranks of his disciples. A relative of the poet, Wang Qilei, also provided Gao with some formal instruction in the art of painting, beyond what he could learn from his father, an amateur painter of orchids and bamboo. Gao’s official career did not begin until 1729, when he took up an appointment as assistant magistrate of She xian, Anhui Province. In 1734 a new assignment took him to Taizhou, east of Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province. In 1736, having become entangled in a legal dispute involving a chief commissioner of the salt gabelle, he was briefly imprisoned; this and his deteriorating health, which resulted in the paralysis of his right hand, inevitably led to his resignation from officialdom. His physical disability compelled him to paint with his left hand and this produced a dramatic change in his style. The former ease, assurance and strength, as displayed in such paintings from the 1720s to the mid-1730s as Peony by the Grotto (see fig.) were never repeated. His calligraphy, however, which had previously betrayed his penchant for the mannered repetition of specific sets of movement, rhythm and cadence, evolved and matured. The earlier tremulous, childlike strokes gave way to increasingly steady pacing and controlled rhythm. Although the uniqueness of Gao’s style set him apart from the contemporary art scene, it also gave him a degree of notoriety, even fame. Cast as an eccentric, he was strongly associated with the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou (and sometimes counted as a ninth; see Yangzhou school), although his sojourns in that city rarely lasted long. He is more accurately described as a Shandong artist who, for most of his life, fashioned his vision in response to artistic currents in that province. A series of paintings in album format (1723; Hong Kong, Bei Shan Tang Col.) shows not only that he was keenly aware of the local artistic heritage as exemplified by such minor artists as Yang Han and Wang Yushi (both active a generation or two earlier than Gao, and whose paintings he collected), but also that he occasionally affected their styles. In the darkened tonality and repeated forms of his later works, there is a faint echo of such Shandong precursors as Fa ruozhen, whose individualistic landscapes featured ambiguous renderings of form and bold contrasts of light and shade. In addition to paintings by Gao on the themes of landscape, ancient trees (see fig.) and crows, and flowers and plants, eight portraits of the artist are extant, painted by followers, with the background sketched in by Gao himself. Some bear laudatory comments from friends and acquaintances and reflect the image-consciousness to which several of his contemporaries were also prone. Gao’s literary works include Nanfu Shanren quanji (‘Complete works of Nanfu Shanren [Gao]’; known to have survived in manuscript form), Nanfu Shanren shiji leigao (‘Selection of poems by Nanfu Shanren’; Shanghai, 1919) and Nanfu Shanren xiaowen cungao (‘Surviving essays by Nanfu Shanren’; Shanghai, 1983). Yanshi (‘History of Inkstones’; 4 juan) was published only in 1849 as a result of the funding and collaboration of later admirers, Wang Xiang (1789–1852), Wang Yuesheng (c. 1788–1841) and Wu Xizhai (1799–1870).--DOA", +"date": "1683 - 1747", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaoJianfu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gao, Jianfu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g26j26f32 Alternate names: Kao Chien-fu (Kao Lun), 高劍父, Gao Lun Modern (b Panyu County, Guangdong Province, 12 Oct 1879; d Macao, 22 May 1951). Chinese painter. He was one of the principal founders of the Lingnan school of painting in southern China in the 1920s and 1930s. He sought to modernize the Chinese art world by introducing new painting techniques and through such innovations as public art exhibitions and art classes in public institutions. The three founders of the Lingnan school—Gao Jianfu, his younger brother Gao Qifeng (1889–1935), and Chen Shuren (1883–1949)—all served their apprenticeships in traditional Chinese painting at the studio of Ju Lian (1828–1904) in Lishan in Panyu County. Between 1892 and 1898 Gao studied and executed paintings of birds, flowers and insects in Ju Lian’s style and, under the patronage of a wealthy collector, Wu Deyi (d c. 1920), made numerous copies of paintings of the Song (960–1279) and Yuan (1279–1368) periods in Wu’s collection. In 1903 Gao enrolled at the Guangzhou (Canton) Christian College, where he studied Western painting under Mai La (a Frenchman). Two years later he became a teacher at an elementary school. These were formative years, not only artistically but also in Gao’s exposure to the turbulent political and intellectual currents of the time, which made him increasingly open to revolutionary ideology. To continue his artistic studies, Gao travelled to Tokyo in 1905, followed by Gao Qifeng and Chen Shuren, and soon became a member of the Alliance Society (Tongmeng hui), a precursor of the Chinese Nationalist Party (Guomindang or KMT). In his bid to forge a new visual language, Gao turned to subjects found in Japanese painting, particularly lions, tigers, hawks and eagles set in picturesque landscapes, which were fused with a naturalism and vigour quite new to contemporary Chinese painting. He also introduced a romantic element by his frequent use of mists and snow and by underscoring allegorical messages. When Gao returned to Guangzhou in 1908 he helped establish a branch of the Alliance Society under cover of a painting shop. He worked for the Alliance until the end of the 1911 uprising that marked the end of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), and the establishment of the Republic (1912–49). In 1912 he withdrew from politics and moved to Shanghai with his brother. There he opened his own publishing house, the most significant product of which was The True Record (Zhenxiang huabao), a magazine containing photographs as well as drawings and text closely linked to politics. He also pioneered the public art exhibition, showing (and selling) his work in Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Guangzhou and Hong Kong. In 1916 the Gao brothers moved back to Guangzhou and Jianfu became a member of the Guangdong Industrial Art Commission, head of the Provincial Industrial School and founder of the Spring Slumber Studio (Chunshui huayuan), where his students and associate artists became known as the Lingnan Painters. Characteristic of the New Chinese-style Painting (Xin guohua) they created was the fusion of Japanese and Western artistic values, such as perspective, atmosphere and chiaroscuro, with traditional Chinese brushwork. Steed Hualiu in Wind and Rain (1925), the Five-storey Pavilion (1926) and Evening Bell at the Misty Temple (undated) are typical paintings of the new movement. In 1931 Gao travelled to Burma, India, Ceylon, Persia and Egypt. On his return to China, he wrote several books on his experiences and took up a post at the National Sun Yat-sen university, Guangzhou. In 1935 he became visiting professor at the Central University in Nanjing, which became an important platform for his views. In one lecture he delivered there, published in 1955 as ‘My Views on Modern Chinese Painting’, he stressed the need to combine Western artistic ideas with Chinese traditions and to include modern subject-matter in Chinese painting. During the 1920s and 1930s Gao painted landscapes in which aeroplanes, automobiles, railways and the ravages of war were clearly depicted. With the outbreak of war against Japan in 1937 the Lingnan school quickly fell from favour, and although exhibitions continued to be held in Macao, where Gao fled after the Communist takeover of China in 1949, it lost its momentum.--DOA", +"date": "1879 - 1951", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaoKegong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gao, Kegong", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g26k27g33 Alternate names: Kao K'o-kung, 高克恭 Yuan dynasty (b Fangshan, Beijing, 1248; d 1310). Chinese painter, poet and government official. Of Muslim Uygur descent, he was the eldest of five sons from a family that combined Muslim and Han cultures and enjoyed favourable social status when the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty (1279–1368). From an early age he was taught by his father, a highly respected Confucian scholar who instructed Gao in the Chinese classics, preparing him well for government service. Gao began his service in the Yuan government at the age of 27, eventually achieving the high rank of governor and a minister of justice. In addition to serving at the court in Dadu (Khanbalik, now Beijing), he held various positions in many parts of China, including Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. While serving in the River Yangzi delta area, Gao became acquainted with many of the painters and poets of that southern region; these included other northern literati who also served in the south, such as Li Kan, Xianyu Shu (1257–1302) and Li Zhongfang ( fl c. 1245–1320). One of his close friends was the leading painter and calligrapher Zhao Mengfu, a southerner who served the Mongols both in the south and at the court in Beijing. As a northerner, Gao developed his art mainly from the literati tradition of the Northern Song period (960–1127), especially from the landscape painting of Mi Fu and the bamboo painting of Su Shi. As a result he held a special position in the art of the Yuan period, transmitting the landscape painting tradition begun by Mi Fu to the Yuan and later periods and encouraging its introduction into the southern areas of China. Gao’s two best-known works are Clearing after a Spring Rain in the Mountains (hanging scroll, ink on silk; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), which has an inscription by Li Kan dated 1299, and Clouds Encircling Luxuriant Peaks (hanging scroll, ink on silk; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), also with an inscription by Li Kan but dated 1309. While the former reflects Gao’s earlier manner, when he was still attempting to solve the problems of the Mi Fu tradition, the latter represents his maturity. It demonstrates the transformation of the monumental landscape typical of the Northern Song period into a style that is both more characteristic of Yuan period painting and representative of Gao’s individual contribution to it. His bamboo painting style is exemplified by Bamboo and Rock (hanging scroll, ink on silk; Beijing, Pal. Mus.), which is inscribed with a poem by Zhao Mengfu and includes rocks executed in the long ‘hemp-fibre’ brushstrokes ( pima cun), derived from Dong Yuan, that were commonly used by literati painters of the Yuan period.--DOA", +"date": "1248 - 1310", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaoMinglu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gao, Minglu", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist, author, curator and critic. ", +"date": "b. 1949", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaoQifeng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gao, Qifeng", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", +"date": "1889-1933", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaoQuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gao, Quan", +"comment": "Laing, Ellen Johnston; Winking Owl: Art from the People's Republic of China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988 (0520060970). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaoXiang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gao, Xiang", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g26x25 Alternate names: Kao Hsiang, 高翔 Qing dynasty", +"date": "active ca. 1700 - 1730", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaoXiaohua", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gao, Xiaohua", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", +"date": "active ca. 1980", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaozongEmperorofChina", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gaozong, Emperor of China", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g26z58 Alternate names: Kao-tsung, 高宗 Song dynasty (b Bianliang [modern Kaifeng], Henan Province, 1107; reg 1127–62; d Lin’an, now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 1187). Chinese calligrapher, art patron and founding emperor of the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279). He was the ninth son of the Song artist–emperor Huizong and inherited his father’s artistic talent. He played an important role in encouraging the arts, reviving imperial patronage and setting a standard for his royal successors. Gaozong received a thorough classical education, and his artistic interests were not discouraged, for he was not expected ever to rule. When his oldest brother, the Emperor Qinzong (reg 1126–7), was captured by the Jürchen nomads, founders of the Jin dynasty (1115–1234) in the north, Gaozong took the throne in order to perpetuate the Song dynasty in the south. He rallied support among the literati and the military by bestowing his calligraphic transcriptions of carefully selected texts on specific individuals. His calligraphy enjoyed widespread familiarity and influence after he started distributing rubbings of his works to successful jinshi (civil service examination graduates) in 1135; in the 1140s he had his transcriptions of the Confucian classics engraved on stone tablets. Gaozong particularly excelled in the slightly informal Song kai (Song regular script, also called xing kaishu) and the somewhat archaic zhang caoshu (draft cursive) script. His development as a calligrapher is attested by a series of dated works, as well as by the comments of late 12th-century writers. As a youth he was strongly influenced by the distinctively individual style of Huang tingjian, whose diagonal and horizontal strokes were written with a tremulous brush and strokes of exaggerated length. The influence of Huang’s style is seen in Gaozong’s earliest extant writing, Foding Guangming ta bei (‘Stele for the Guangming pagoda’, rubbing, 1133; Tokyo, Imp. Household col.). In the late 1130s, Gaozong changed to the more classically elegant style of Mi Fu (see Mi, (1)), as is seen in his Ci Yue Fei shouchi (‘Handwritten order to general Yue Fei’, c. 1138; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). In the early 1140s, he turned directly to Mi Fu’s own models, the Two Wangs (Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi; see Wang (i), (1) and (2)), and followed their styles for the rest of his life. Most of his extant calligraphy is in this mode, the best-known example being his Huizong wenji xu (‘Preface to the collected writings of Huizong’, 1154; Kyoto, Mrs Ogawa priv. col.). Late in life he favoured zhang caoshu script, seen in his transcription of Luoshen fu (‘Nymph of the Luo River’, after 1162; Shenyang, Liaoning Prov. Mus.). --DOA", +"date": "1107 - 1187 (r. 1127 - 1163)", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GardenMasterofJapperrhive", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Garden Master of Japperrhive", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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Illustrator from Milan", +"date": "active 1990s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GardinerJM", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gardiner, J.M.", +"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GardnerAB", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gardner, A. B.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. photographer", +"date": "active 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GardnerWilliam", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gardner, William", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. American photographer", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GarenGeorges", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Garen, Georges", +"comment": "Heinle, Erwin; Towers: A Historical Survey, New York, Rozzoli, 1989. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GarrinPaul", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Garrin, Paul", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", +"date": "born 1957", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GarrodRichard", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Garrod, Richard", +"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. American photographer based in Monterey, California. Studied under Ansel Adams, Brett Weston, and Minor White.", +"date": "b. 1924", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GarzaRafeal", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Garza, Rafeal", +"comment": "Benedikt, Michael; Overland Partners: Building on Values: Costruire sui valori, Milan: L'Arca Edizioni, 2002. ", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GassanArnold", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gassan, Arnold", +"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. American photographer.", +"date": "b. 1930", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GatesPotteries", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gates Potteries", +"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. Subsidiary of American Terra Cotta and Ceramic Company founded by William Day Gates; its art pottery line, Teco, was introduced by Gates in 1900. ", +"date": "1881-1945", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GatesWilliamDay", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gates, William Day", +"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. founder of Gates Potteries in Terra Cotta, Illinois; designer for the Teco pottery line", +"date": "1852-1935", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GattiPiero", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gatti, Piero", +"comment": "Fiell, Charlotte and Peter Fiell; Modern Chairs, Cologne: Taschen, 1993. ", +"date": "1940-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaucherelLéon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gaucherel, Léon", +"comment": "Lassus, Jean Baptiste Antoine and Amaury-Duval; Monographie de la Cathedrale de Chartres, Paris: Imprimerie imperiale, 1842-1865. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GauldinAnne", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gauldin, Anne", +"comment": "Broude, Norma and Mary D. Garrar, eds.; Power of Feminist Art: the American Movement of the 1970s, History and Impact, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaumnitzMichael", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gaumnitz, Michael", +"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GautierA", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gautier, A.", +"comment": "Wynants, Maurits; Des Ducs de Brabant aux Villages Congolais: Tervuren et l'Exposition coloniale 1897, Tervuren: Musee royal de l'Afrique centrale, 1997. photographer", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GautierAndrew", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gautier, Andrew", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. master craftsman and builder", +"date": "second half 18th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GawElizabethEleanorDArcy", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gaw, Elizabeth Eleanor D'Arcy", +"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. trained at the Art Institute of Chicago and C.R. Ashbee's Guild of Handicraft; one of the founders of the Copper Shop, later worked in interior design", +"date": "1869-1944", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaynorandBadger", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gaynor and Badger", +"comment": "Craven, Wayne; American Art: History and Culture, 2003 edition, London: Lawrence King Publishing Ltd., 2003. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaynorJohnP", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gaynor, John P.", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "mid 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GeZhengmin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ge, Zhengmin", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Ko Cheng-min", +"date": "active mid 20th century ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GearhartFrancesH", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gearhart, Frances H.", +"comment": "Green, Nancy E. and Jessie Poesch; Arthur Wesley Dow and American Arts and Crafts, New York: American Federation of Arts; Harry N. 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", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GeesJohannes", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gees, Johannes", +"comment": "Greene, Rachel; Internet Art, London: Thames & Hudson, 2004. ", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GeflePorcelain", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gefle Porcelain", +"comment": "Wittkopp and Balmori; Saarinen House and Garden: A Total Work of Art, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1995. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GehryPartnersLLP", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gehry Partners, LLP", +"comment": "GA Document, no. 66. ", +"date": "2002-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Geiai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Geiai", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "fl. ca. 1489", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GeisslerTine", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Geissler, Tine", +"comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", +"date": "contemporary", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GelbergL", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gelberg, L.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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New York : Abbeville Press, 1990. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GraziaEnzoDi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Grazia, Enzo Di", +"comment": "Hoag, John D.; Islamic Architecture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1977. Studio of Enzo Di Grazia", +"date": "ca. 1975", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GreatbatchWilliam", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Greatbatch, William", +"comment": "Hildyard, Robin; European Ceramics, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999. 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Virginia planter who established an estate in Louisiana", +"date": "late 18th-early 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GreeneHerb", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Greene, Herb", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from original printed materials donated by Tom Cherrytree, Eugene, Oregon.. American photographer of the sixties music scene in San Francisco", +"date": "born 1942", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GreeneJohnHolden", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Greene, John Holden", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. builder-architect, b. 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", +"date": "d. 1762", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GrimmFrantišekAntonín", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Grimm, František Antonín", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active late 17th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GrohmanHieronymus", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Grohman, Hieronymus", +"comment": "Rak, Jiri, Radim Vondracek and Clauda Terenzi; Biedermeier: Art and Culture in Central Europe, 1815-1848, Milan, New York: Skira Editore, Rizzoli International, 2001. ", +"date": "1803-1850", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GromalaDiane", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gromala, Diane", +"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GrotchS", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Grotch, S.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GroultAndré", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Groult, André", +"comment": "Benton, Charlotte, Tim Benton and Ghislaine Wood; Art Deco 1910-1939, Boston: Bulfinch Press, 2003 (082122834X). ", +"date": "active ca. 1925", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GrupoAustral", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Grupo Austral", +"comment": "Robinson, William H, Jordi Falgàs, and Carmen Belen Lord; Barcelona and Modernity: Picasso, Gaudí, Miró, Dalí, Cleveland, New Haven: Cleveland Museum of Art, Yale University Press, 2006. Founded in the late 1930s by the Spaniard Antoni Bonet and the Argentines Jorge Ferrari-Hardoy and Juan Kurchan. ", +"date": "active ca. 1940", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Gruziiafilm", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gruziia-film", +"comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. ", +"date": "active 1960s-1980s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuAn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gu, An", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g35a4 Alternate names: Ku An, 顧安 Yuan dynasty", +"date": "b. ca. 1295-1370", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuBingxin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gu, Bingxin", +"comment": "Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she; Shanghai ban hua xuan ji, Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1963. born in Shanghai; alternate name: 顾炳鑫 ", +"date": "born 1923", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuCongde", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gu, Congde", +"comment": "Clunas, Craig; Empire of Great Brightness: Visual and Material Cultures of Ming China, 1368-1644, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2007. ", +"date": "b. ca. 1520", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuHaoqing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gu, Haoqing", +"comment": "Brown, Claudia and Ju-hsi Chou; Transcending Turmoil: Painting at the Close of China's Empire, 1796-1911, Phoenix: Phoenix Art Museum, 1992. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuHongzhong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gu, Hongzhong", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g35h33z45 Alternate names: Ku Hung-chung, 顧閎中 Five dynasties Court painter during Southern Tang dynasty. Painted figures and court ladies.--Seymour", +"date": "active ca. 943-960", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuJianlong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gu, Jianlong", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g35j26l43 (1606-ca. 1687) Alternate names: Ku Chien-lung, 顧見龍 Qing dynasty Court painter in the Kangxi period. Painted portraits and historical motifs.--Seymour", +"date": "1606-ca. 1687", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuLinshi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gu, Linshi", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuLuo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gu, Luo", +"comment": "Brown, Claudia and Ju-hsi Chou; Transcending Turmoil: Painting at the Close of China's Empire, 1796-1911, Phoenix: Phoenix Art Museum, 1992. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuPan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gu, Pan", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuXiaoping", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gu, Xiaoping", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Jiangsu Province.", +"date": "b. 1969", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuYide", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gu, Yide", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g35y28d27 Alternate names: Ku I-te, 顧懿德 Ming dynasty Landscape painter in the style of Wang Meng, also Guanyin pictures.--Seymour", +"date": "1600-1650", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuYuanII", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gu, Yuan (II)", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). from Guangdong, alternate name: 古元", +"date": "1919-1996", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuYuanI", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gu, Yuan (I)", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g35y37, Alternate names: Ku Yüan, 顧原, Qing dynasty, Landscape and flower painter.--Seymour", +"date": "active ca. 1720", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuYun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gu, Yun", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g35y39 Alternate names: Ku Yün, 顧澐 Qing dynasty Went as envoy to Japan ca. 1887. Painted flowers, landscapes, followed the "Four Wangs."--Seymour", +"date": "1835-1896", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GualandiGiuseppe", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gualandi, Giuseppe", +"comment": "http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Gualandi. ", +"date": "1870-1944", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuanDaosheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Guan, Daosheng", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g38d26s42 Alternate names: Kuan Tao-sheng, 管道昇, Lady Wei Yuan dynasty The earliest Chinese female painter whose artistic personality can be defined on the basis of both written records and extant works is Guan Daosheng (1262–1319). Wife of the renowned scholar–official and artist Zhao Mengfu, Guan Daosheng is also the most famous female painter in Chinese history. She is said to have depicted a range of subjects, including Buddhist figures, but to have excelled in monochrome ink-bamboo (mozhu). She reportedly created a distinctive type of bamboo painting featuring new-growth bamboo groves after rain. A composition of this type dated 1308, now mounted with other Yuan paintings in a handscroll belonging to the National Palace Museum in Taipei, may best represent her work. Guan Daosheng was also admired for her calligraphy. According to her epitaph, Emperor Renzong (reg 1312–21) collected an example of her writing, along with pieces by her husband and their son Zhao Yong, for the imperial archives, and remarked: ‘[This] will let later generations know that my reign not only had an expert female calligrapher, but a whole family capable in calligraphy, which is an extraordinary circumstance!’ (Weidner and others).--DOA Painter and calligrapher. Painted bamboo, plum blossoms, orchids, landscapes, rocks, and Buddhist images.--Seymour", +"date": "1262-1325?", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuanFusheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Guan, Fusheng", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. from Guangdong Province, woodcut artist; alternate name: 关夫生", +"date": "born 1919", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuanQiming", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Guan, Qiming", +"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese artist during the Cultural Revolution", +"date": "b. 1942", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuanShanyue", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Guan, Shanyue", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuanSi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Guan, Si", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g38s55 Alternate names: Kuan Ssu, 關思 Ming dynasty (b. ca. 157301619) Poet. Calligraphy in four script styles. Collector. Landscape painter.--Seymour", +"date": "b. ca. 1573-1619", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuanWei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Guan, Wei", +"comment": "China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. Chinese artist; born in Beijing; graduated from Beijing Capital University; lives and works in Australia and Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1957", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuanZilan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Guan, Zilan", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). alternate name: Violet Kwan", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuangJun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Guang, Jun", +"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Shenyang, Liaoning province", +"date": "born 1939", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuangTingbo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Guang, Tingbo", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born Dalian, Liaoning Province; graduated from the Luxun Art Institute.", +"date": "b. 1938", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Guanxiu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Guanxiu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g38x33 Alternate names: Kuan-hsiu, 貫休 Five dynasties ", +"date": "906 - 960", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GubbioGiorgiodi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gubbio, Giorgio di", +"comment": "Stanley, Tim; Palace and Mosque: Islamic Art From the Middle East, London; New York: V&A Publications; Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 2004. ", +"date": "ca. 1510", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuenzelandDrummond", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Guenzel and Drummond", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1912-1915", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuerrillaArtActionGroupGAAG", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Guerrilla Art Action Group (GAAG)", +"comment": "Lippard, Lucy R. A Different War: Vietnam in Art. . ", +"date": "ca. 1969-1989", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuiguichonSuzanne", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Guiguichon, Suzanne", +"comment": "Brunhammer, Yvonne and Suzanne Tise; Decorative Arts in France, 1900-1942, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1990. ", +"date": "1930s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuildofHandicraft", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Guild of Handicraft", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Founded by Charles Ashbee", +"date": "1888-1907", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuildLurelleVanArsdale", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Guild, Lurelle Van Arsdale", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1898-1951", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuillaumontA", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Guillaumont, A.", +"comment": "Lassus, Jean Baptiste Antoine and Amaury-Duval; Monographie de la Cathédrale de Chartres, Paris: Imprimerie impériale, 1842-1865. ", +"date": "active 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuiottoM", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Guiotto, M.", +"comment": "Filippo Brunelleschi: La sua opera e il suo tempo, Florence: Centro Di, 1980. Italian architectural illustrator", +"date": "active ca. 1980", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuntherWalter", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gunther, Walter", +"comment": "Chicago Daily Tribune; International Competition for a New Administration Building for the Chicago Tribune, Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune, 1923. architect, practiced in Germany", +"date": "active ca. 1920", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuoFeng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Guo, Feng", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province; alternate names: Kuo Feng, 国风", +"date": "born 1938", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuoJun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Guo, Jun", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Fushun, Sichuan Province; modern woodcut artist; alternate name: 郭钧", +"date": "1920-1978", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuoMu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Guo, Mu", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1931-1949 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981;. alternate name: 郭牧", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuoWei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Guo, Wei", +"comment": "China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. Chinese painter; born in Chengdu; graduated 1989 from Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts.", +"date": "b. 1960", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuoXu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Guo, Xu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g44x34 Alternate names: Kuo Hsü, 郭詡 Ming dynasty (1456-after 1526) Painted landscapes and figures.--Seymour", +"date": "1456-after 1526", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GurschnerGustav", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gurschner, Gustav", +"comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. ", +"date": "1873-1971", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GustSchaeuffelenschePapierfabrik", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gust. Schaeuffelen'sche Papierfabrik", +"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. Heilbronn", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Gustaham", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gustaham", +"comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. Ruler of the Baduspanid line, one of the various petty dynasties ruling in Mazanderan.", +"date": "1473", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuteHJ", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gute, H. J.", +"comment": "Rostovtzeff, M.; Dura-Europos and Its Art, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1938. ", +"date": "active 1930s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GutstadtH", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gutstadt, H.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuvrkianGabriel", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Guvrkian, Gabriel", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuzakKaren", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Guzak, Karen", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuzzonM", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Guzzon, M", +"comment": "Paolucci, Antonio, Carlo R. Chiarlo et al; Il Battistero di San Giovanni a Firenze, Modena: F.C. Panini, 1994. Italian architectural illustrator", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GwynneAL", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gwynne, A.L.", +"comment": "Leboff, David and Tim Demuth; No Need to Ask! Early Maps of London's Underground Railways, Middlesex: Capital Transport Publishing, 1999. Map designer for the London Underground", +"date": "active ca. 1935", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GyoFumon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gyo, Fumon", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1896-1972", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GyokudoKinshi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gyokudo, Kinshi", +"comment": "Murase, Miyeko; Bridge of Dreams: The Mary Griggs Burke Collection of Japanese Art, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Gyokuen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gyokuen", +"comment": "Murase, Miyeko; Bridge of Dreams: The Mary Griggs Burke Collection of Japanese Art, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GyokuhoShoso", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gyokuho, Shoso", +"comment": "Hickman, Money L. et al.; Japan's Golden Age: Momoyama, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Gyokushu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gyokushu", +"comment": "Meiji kaikaki no nishikie (Meiji Japan through woodblock prints), Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1989. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Gyoshosai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Gyoshosai", +"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HRiffarth", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "H. Riffarth", +"comment": "Deutsches Historisches Museum; Kunst! Kommerz! Visionen!: Deutsche Plakate, 1888-1933, Heidelberg: Edition Braus, 1992. Berlin", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HStollandCo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "H. Stoll & Co.", +"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. Reutlingen", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HLCampandCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "H.L. Camp and Company", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", +"date": "active ca. 1925", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaQiongwen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ha, Qiongwen", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "born 1925", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaackandHöpfner", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Haack & Höpfner", +"comment": "Bradbury, Dominic; Iconic House: Architectural Masterworks since 1900, London: Thames & Hudson, 2009. German architectural firm of Lydia Haack and John Höpfner", +"date": "est. 1996", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaagRichard", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Haag, Richard", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American landscape architect known for his work in Seattle and Bainbridge Island; founder of the Landscape Architecture program at the University of Washington", +"date": "born 1923", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HabershamS", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Habersham, S.", +"comment": "Rifkind, Carole; Field Guide to American Architecture, New York: New American Library, 1980. illustrator", +"date": "active 1980s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HabertAlfred", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Habert, Alfred", +"comment": "Daniel, Noel; Magic: 1400s-1950s, Cologne: Taschen, 2009. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HabibAllah", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Habib Allah", +"comment": "Grabar, Oleg; Mostly Miniatures: An Introduction to Persian Painting, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000. painter, Safavid", +"date": "fl. ca. 1600", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaciMehmetTahirEfendi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Haci Mehmet Tahir Efendi", +"comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. alternate nane: Mehmet Tahir", +"date": "d. 1845", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HadawayWS", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hadaway, W.S.", +"comment": "Thompson, Susan Otis; American Book Design and William Morris, 2nd expanded edition, New Castle, DE, London: Oak Knoll Press, British Library, 1996. ", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaeberleRonald", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Haeberle, Ronald", +"comment": "Wood, Paul, Francis Frascina, Jonathan Harris, and Charles Harrison; Modernism in Dispute: Art Since the Forties, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1993. ", +"date": "ca. 1970", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaeckelErnst", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Haeckel, Ernst", +"comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HafizOsman", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hafiz Osman", +"comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. calligrapher Ottoman", +"date": "1642-1698", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HafiziAbru", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hafiz-i Abru", +"comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. Lutf Allah Ibn 'abd Ar-rashid Al-bihdadini Hafiz-i Abru born , Herat, Khorasan [now in Afghanistan] died 1430, Zanjan, Azerbaijan Persian historian, and one of the most important historians of the Timurid period (1370–1506). Hafiz-i Abru was apparently educated in the city of Hamadan. Later he became an extensive traveler and went with the Turkic conqueror Timur on a number of campaigns, including those in the Middle East against Aleppo and Damascus in 1400–01. After the ruler's death, Hafiz-i Abru entered the service of Timur's son, Shah Rokh (1405–46), and his grandson, Prince Baysunqur (d. 1433), as court historian and thus settled in Herat. He died on the return from Shah Rokh's second campaign in Azerbaijan in 1430. Among his major works is the Majmu'a (“Collected Work”), which was commissioned by Shah Rokh; it is mainly a collection of three older well-known historical works with continuations and an introduction and index by Hafiz-i Abru. His Majma' al-tavarikh (“The Compendium of History”) is a world history divided into four volumes (arba', “quarters”) that cover the pre-Islamic prophets and ancient Iran, a history of Muhammad and the caliphate up to 1258, Iran during the Seljuq and the Mongol periods, and, finally, Iran under the Timurid rulers. The last section was dedicated to Prince Baysunqur and has a separate title, Zubdat at-tavarikh-i Baysunghuri (“Baysunqur's Cream of History”). He also translated a geographic work from Arabic, the Masalik al-mamalik wa suwar al-akalim (“The Roads of the Kingdoms and the Forms of the Climes”), in which he included historical sections on various provinces of Iran. (http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9038756/Hafiz-i-Abru)", +"date": "?-1430", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HagenErnestF", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hagen, Ernest F.", +"comment": "Kenny, Peter M., Michael K. Brown, Frances F. Bretter and Matthew A. Thurlow; Duncan Phyfe, Master Cabinetmaker in New York, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2011. Worked with J. Matthew Meier.", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HagenbeckKarl", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hagenbeck, Karl", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. alternate name: Carl Hagenbeck "Father of the modern zoo"", +"date": "1844-1913", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HagenerSilberschmiede", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hagener Silberschmiede", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1910-1914", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HagesandrosofRhodes", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hagesandros of Rhodes", +"comment": "Kleiner, Fred S. and Christin J. Mamiya; Gardner's Art Through the Ages, Twelfth Edition, Belmont, California: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2005. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HagetsuTosatsu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hagetsu, Tosatsu", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1516-1585", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaggardKen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Haggard, Ken", +"comment": "McGregor, Suzi Moore and Nora Burba Trulsson; Living Homes: Sustainable Architecture and Design, San Francisco: Chronicle Press, 2008. American architect", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HagiwaraMakoto", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hagiwara, Makoto", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. landscape designer responsible for creating and maintaining the Japanese Tea Garden at Golden Gate Park in San Francisco.", +"date": "late 19th-early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HahnHans", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hahn, Hans", +"comment": "Chicago Daily Tribune; International Competition for a New Administration Building for the Chicago Tribune, Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune, 1923. German architect", +"date": "active ca. 1920", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaiBo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hai, Bo", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Changchun, Jilin Province; lives and works in Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1962", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaifengNi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Haifeng, Ni", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 1964 born in Zhoushan, P. R. China, presently lives and works in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.1986 Graduated from Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts", +"date": "born 1964", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HailongXie", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hailong, Xie", +"comment": "Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. New York: Abbeville Press, 1997. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HajiBanuBegam", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Haji Banu Begam", +"comment": "Archnet; http://archnet.org. Widow of Humayun, mother of Akbar", +"date": "1562-1572", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HajicekJames", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hajicek, James", +"comment": "Hume, Sandy, Ellen Manchester, Gary Metz and Nathan Lyons; Great West: Real/Ideal, Boulder: University of Colorado at Boulder, 1977. American photographer.", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HalasLaceWorkshop", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Halas Lace Workshop", +"comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. ", +"date": "1902-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HalcyonArtPottery", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Halcyon Art Pottery", +"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. a commercial venture of the Halcyon Colony, a utopian community founded near Pismo Beach, California in 1903. Alexander William Robertson acted as art director from 1910-1912.", +"date": "1910-1913", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaleFrankGardner", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hale, Frank Gardner", +"comment": "Meyer, Marilee Boyd; Inspiring Reform: Boston's Arts and Crafts Movement, Wellesley: Davis Museum and Cultural Center, 1997. MA jewelry designer", +"date": "1876-1945", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HallLindsleyF", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hall, Lindsley F.", +"comment": "Grinnell, Isobel Hoopes; Greek Temples, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1943. ", +"date": "mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HallPeter", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hall, Peter", +"comment": "Clark, Robert Judson; Arts and Crafts Movement in America, 1876-1916, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972. born Stockholm; alternate name: Jonasson; master builder who collaborated with his brother John", +"date": "1867-1939", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HallRoy", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hall, Roy", +"comment": "Greenberg, Donald, Aaron Marcus, Allan H. Schmidt and Vernon Gorter; Computer Image: Applications of Computer Graphics, Reading: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1982. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HallWilliamWeeks", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hall, William Weeks", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. great grandson of architect David Weeks", +"date": "1894-1958", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HallockBrook", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hallock, Brook", +"comment": "Broude, Norma and Mary D. Garrar, eds.; Power of Feminist Art: the American Movement of the 1970s, History and Impact, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HalsbachJörgvon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Halsbach, Jörg von", +"comment": "Nussbaum, Norbert; German Gothic Chuch Architecture, English edition, New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HalsmanPhillipe", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Halsman, Phillipe", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hamelet", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hamelet", +"comment": "Illustration, no. 4307. ", +"date": "first half 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HamesePaul", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hamese, Paul", +"comment": "Loring, John; Louis Comfort Tiffany at Tiffany & Co., New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2002. ", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HamiltonWilliam", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hamilton, William", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1745-1813", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ḥammāmī", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ḥammāmī", +"comment": "Petrosyan, Yuri A., Oleg F. Akimushkin, Anas B. Khalidov, and Efim A. Rezvan; Pages of Perfection: Islamic Paintings and Calligraphy from the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Lugano; Milan: ARCH Foundation; Electa, 1995. alternate name: Muhammad ibn Qavam al-Shirazi", +"date": "active mid 16th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HammondBeebyandBabka", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hammond, Beeby and Babka", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "ca. 1990", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HammondThomasJr", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hammond, Thomas, Jr.", +"comment": "Rieman, Timothy D. and Jean M. Burks; Complete Book of Shaker Furniture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , Publishers, 1993. Shaker furniture maker", +"date": "1791-1880", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HanDengan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Han, Deng'an", +"comment": "Yang Xiaoneng; Tracing the Past, Drawing the Future: Master Ink Painters in Twentieth-Century China, Milan: Continents Editions, 2010. Chinese painter, calligrapher and celebrated seal carver; alternate name: Zhongzheng, also known as Yinnong; native of the Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou in Zhejiang province; known for his elegant seal and clerical scripts, particularly the 'jade sinew' seal script and his 'tiny bead character' seals were widely admired.", +"date": "1905-1976", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HanHuang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Han, Huang", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h24h39 Alternate names: Han Huang, 韓滉 Tang dynasty Painted figures and buffalos.--Seymour", +"date": "723-787", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HanLikun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Han, Likun", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Suzhou; alternate name: 韩黎坤", +"date": "born 1938", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HanMin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Han, Min", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HanShangyi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Han, Shangyi", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Shangyu, Zhejiang Province; specializes in film art and comics; alternate name: 韩尚义", +"date": "born 1917", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HanawaGingo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hanawa, Gingo", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 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Timurid?", +"date": "active 1360", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HasebeandTakekoshiArchitectureOffice", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hasebe and Takekoshi Architecture Office", +"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HasebeEikichi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hasebe, Eikichi", +"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HasegawaChikuyo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hasegawa, Chikuyo", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1880s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HasegawaKyuzo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hasegawa, Kyuzo", +"comment": "Tsuji, Nobuo, Motoaki Kono, Yoshiaki Yabe; Eitoku to Shobyoga, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", +"date": "1593", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HasegawaSadanobu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hasegawa, Sadanobu", +"comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. Ukiyo-e printmaker in Osaka, first a pupil of Ueda Kocho, in the early 1830s he studied under Utagawa Sadamasu. Known for his actor prints. Alt. names: Hasegawa Bunkichi (later Tokubei); Kinkado, Nanso, Nansoro, Ryokuitsusai, Sadanobu, Sekkaen, Shin'o, Shinten'o", +"date": "1809-1879", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HasegawaSakon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hasegawa, Sakon", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "fl. ca. 1650", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HasegawaSonokichi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hasegawa, Sonokichi", +"comment": "Meiji kaikaki no nishikie (Meiji Japan through woodblock prints), Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1989. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaselerWH", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Haseler, W. H.", +"comment": "Wildman, Stephen and John Christian; Edward Burne-Jones: Victorian Artist-Dreamer, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, distributed by Harry N. 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Pupil of both Kuniyoshi and Kunisada, then became the leading pupil of Toyohara Kunichika from whom he took the art surname Toyohara.", +"date": "1838-1912", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HashimotoHeihachi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hashimoto, Heihachi", +"comment": "Takashina, Shuji, Tetsuro Kagesato and Hideo Tanaka; Yōga to Nihonga, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. Japanese sculptor. He went to Tokyo in 1919 and the following year became a pupil of Chōzan Satō (1888–1963), a member of the Japan Art Institute; he lived with the Satō household for six years. In 1922 Hashimoto’s sculpture Cat (wood, h. 350 mm, 1922; Tsu, Mie Prefect. A. Mus.) was accepted for the ninth In-ten exhibition. In 1923 he left Tokyo because of the Great Kantō earthquake and went to live in Nara. In 1926 he returned to his home town in Mie, settling there permanently. In 1927 he exhibited his statue of a Naked Youth (wood, h. 1.54 m, 1927; Tokyo U. A., A. Mus.) at the 14th In-ten exhibition, a work reminiscent of ancient Egyptian sculpture. In the same year he became a member of the Japan Art Institute. In 1930 he exhibited Goddess Playing in a Flower Garden (wood, h. 1.22 m, 1930; Tokyo U. A., A. Mus.) at the 17th In-ten exhibition, a characteristic work: the entire body of the goddess was carved so that the head, torso, arms and legs are like flower petals, and within this, the image of a butterfly can be seen; although representing a young female, the body seems genderless, and her facial expression is reminiscent of Buddhist sculptures. In his later years Hashimoto was deeply impressed by a 17th-century Buddhist statue that he saw in Takayama, Gifu Prefecture; this was done by the monk Enkū. Under Enkū’s influence he produced wooden sculptures with the sharp chisel marks still visible, such as that of the Buddhist monk Ryōkan (wood, h. 274 mm, 1934; Tokyo U. A., A. Mus.). His theory of sculpture was published in a book called Junsui chōkoku ron (‘A theory of pure sculpture’) in 1942. -Grove Art Online, Oxford University Press", +"date": "1897-1935", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HashimotoSeisui", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hashimoto, Seisui", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. b. in Onomichi, later adopted by his painting teacher, Hashimoto Gaho.", +"date": "1876-1943", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaskinsOrren", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Haskins, Orren", +"comment": "Sprigg, June; Shaker Design, New York, London: Whitney Museum of American Art, W.W. 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She has collaborated with the most powerful CEOs in the world on projects that take place primarily in their headquarters.", +"date": "born 1966", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HastenteufelSandra", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hastenteufel, Sandra", +"comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", +"date": "contemporary", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HastingsOC", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hastings, O.C.", +"comment": "MacDonald, George F.; Haida Art, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1996. ", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HataTeruo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hata, Teruo", +"comment": "Takashina, Shuji, Tetsuro Kagesato and Hideo Tanaka; Yōga to Nihonga, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. Japanese artist", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HatfieldJack", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hatfield, Jack", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from original printed materials donated by Tom Cherrytree, Eugene, Oregon.. 1960s poster artist", +"date": "active 1960s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hatiti", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hatiti", +"comment": "Metropolitan Museum of Art; Islamic World, Tokyo: Dai Nippon Printing Co., 2040. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Haug", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Haug", +"comment": "Illustration, no. 4307. ", +"date": "first half 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaugheyAnthony", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Haughey, Anthony", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "born 1963", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaunAugustC", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Haun, August C.", +"comment": "Snodin, Michael; Karl Friedrich Schinkel: A Universal Man, New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 1991. ", +"date": "1815-1894", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaunDecian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Haun, Decian", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HavilandandCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Haviland and Company", +"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. Limoges", +"date": "1842-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Haworth:OfficeExplorationsTeam", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Haworth: Office Explorations Team", +"comment": "Albrecht, Donald, Ellen Lupton, and Steven Skov Holt; Design culture now : National Design Triennial , New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HayAlexei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hay, Alexei", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HayHarold", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hay, Harold", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "born 1909", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HayamiShungyosai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hayami, Shungyo sai", +"comment": "Pins, Jacob; Japanese Pillar Print: Hashira-e, London: Robert G. Sawers Publishing, 1982. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HayartiF", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hayarti, F.", +"comment": "Hillenbrand, Robert; Islamic Architecture: Form, Function and Meaning, New York: Columbia University Press, 1994. illustrator", +"date": "active 1994", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HayashiJiro", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hayashi, Jiro", +"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaydarRais", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Haydar, Ra'is", +"comment": "Falk, Toby, ed.; Treatures of Islam, London: Philip Wilson Publishers, Ltd., 1985 (0856671967). Ottoman painter", +"date": "active ca. 1570", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaydenWallaceStanford", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hayden, Wallace Stanford", +"comment": "UO AAA Library Architectural Drawing Collection. UO architecture student 1920s", +"date": "died 2003", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HayesSharon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hayes, Sharon", +"comment": "http://the-artists.org. ", +"date": "born 1970", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HayesWarrenHoward", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hayes, Warren Howard", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American architect, based in Portland, Oregon", +"date": "1847-1899", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaysandSimpson", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hays and Simpson", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. J. Byers Hays and Russel Simpson, Cleveland OH", +"date": "1929-ca. 1958", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HazetineMM", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hazetine, M. M.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HeBaitao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "He, Baitao", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HeCheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "He, Cheng", +"comment": "Barnhart, Richard M; Painters of the great Ming: the Imperial Court and the Zhe School, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 1993. ", +"date": "ca. 1375- ca.1470", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HeDuoling", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "He, Duoling", +"comment": "Cohen, Joan Lebold; New Chinese Painting, 1949-1986, New York: Harry Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1987. Chinese painter, graduated from the Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts", +"date": "b. 1948", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HeHaixia", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "He, Haixia", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. Chinese painter active in the Beijing Chinese Painting Society, student of Zhang Daqian in the 1930s.", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HeKongde", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "He, Kongde", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). 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Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1998 (0810941880). b. Hahndorf. Daughter of Sir Hans Heysen. Official war artist in New Guinea 1944-1946.", +"date": "born 1911", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HeywardDuBose", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Heyward, DuBose", +"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HibbardandPlatts", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hibbard & Platts", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HickieJamesFrancis", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hickie, James Francis", +"comment": "thepeerage.com. ", +"date": "active mid 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HidakaYutaka", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hidaka, Yutaka", +"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HidasiLajos", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hidasi, Lajos", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HidekuniToyokawa", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hidekuni, Toyokawa", +"comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. 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", +"date": "active 461-468", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HillandAdamson", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hill and Adamson", +"comment": "Kleiner, Fred S. and Christin J. Mamiya; Gardner's Art Through the Ages, Twelfth Edition, Belmont, California: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2005. Photographers; David Octavius Hill (1802-1870) and Robert Adamson", +"date": "active mid 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HillDouglas", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hill, Douglas", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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", +"date": "late 18th-early 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HillSteve", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hill, Steve", +"comment": "Timmers, Margaret; Power of the Poster, London: V&A Publications, 1998. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HillersJack", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hillers, Jack", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HiltlJohannGeorg", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hiltl, Johann Georg", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1771-1845", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HinakoJitsuzo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hinako, Jitsuzo", +"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HinchliffJohnJames", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hinchliff, John James", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Alt. spellings: Hinchcliff; Hinchcliffe. This son of the sculptor, John Ely H., engraved landscape, architectural and portrait subjects after his apprenticeship to the engraver John Landseer. ", +"date": "1805-1875", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HineJames", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hine, James", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Plymouth architect and frequent collaborator with E.W. Godwin.", +"date": "1829-1914", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HinesGrundstucksentwicklungGmbH", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hines Grundstucksentwicklung GmbH", +"comment": "GA Document, no. 66. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HintzFrederick", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hintz, Frederick", +"comment": "Gilbert, Christopher; John Channon and brass-inlaid furniture, 1730-1760, New Haven: Yale University Press in association with Leeds City Art Galleries and the Victoria and Albert Museum, 1993. German émigré cabinetmaker who did brass-inlaid work related to John Channon in the Rococo George II style. ", +"date": "1711-1772", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HiraiTerushichi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hirai, Terushichi", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1900-1970", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hiro", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hiro", +"comment": "Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. New York: Abbeville Press, 1997.. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hironobu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hironobu", +"comment": "Smith, Lawrence; Ukiyoe: Images of Unknown Japan, London: British Museum Publications, Ltd., 1988. He was probably a member of the official Kano School of painters, but he clearly cannot be the Kano Hironobu known to have lived in the early eighteenth century.", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HiroshimaShintaro", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hiroshima, Shintaro", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1889-1951", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HiserDavid", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hiser, David", +"comment": "World of the American Indian, Revised edition, Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 1989. photographer", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HishamCaliph", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hisham, Caliph", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "724-727", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HishikawaMorohira", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hishikawa, Morohira", +"comment": "Clark, Timothy, Anne Nichimura Morse, Louise E. Virgin and Allen Hockley; Dawn of the Floating World, 1650-1765: Early Ukiyo-e Treasures from the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, London, New York: Royal Academy of Arts, 2001. ", +"date": "fl. 1688-1711", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HishikawaSori", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hishikawa, Sori", +"comment": "Morse, Anne Nishimura; Drama and Desire: Japanese Paintings from the Floating World, 1690-1850, Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 2007. The disciple to whom Katsushika Hokusai passed on the Sori name.", +"date": "fl. 1789-1818", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HMGandAssociates", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "HMG and Associates", +"comment": "Benedikt, Michael; Overland Partners: Building on Values: Costruire sui valori, Milan: L'Arca Edizioni, 2002. Austin and San Antonio", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoSiukee", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ho, Siu-kee", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born and resides in Hong Kong; studied Chinese University of Hong Kong and Cranbrook Academy of Art.", +"date": "born 1964", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HobartMaunfacturingCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hobart Maunfacturing Company", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HobartLewisParsons", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hobart, Lewis Parsons", +"comment": "Name from Art on File. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HobbsChristopher", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hobbs, Christopher", +"comment": "George, Michael and Consuelo M. Correcher; Gardens of Spain, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1993. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HobeCharlesF", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hobe, Charles F.", +"comment": "Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute; Masterpieces of American furniture from the Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, NY: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1999. ", +"date": "active 1839-1869", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HobéGeorges", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hobé, Georges", +"comment": "Wynants, Maurits; Des Ducs de Brabant aux Villages Congolais: Tervuren et l'Exposition coloniale 1897, Tervuren: Musee royal de l'Afrique centrale, 1997. ", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hoch", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hoch", +"comment": "Asian Art Photographic Distribution; 300 Years of Japanese Painting. German engineer", +"date": "active mid 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HockenhullJ", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hockenhull. J.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HodgesAndrewJackson", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hodges, Andrew Jackson", +"comment": "Turner, Suzanne and A.J. Meek; Gardens of Louisiana: Places of Work and Wonder, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997. ", +"date": "active ca. 1945-1955", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HodgesJohn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hodges, John", +"comment": "Goodison, Nicholas; Matthew Boulton: Ormolu, revised edition, London: Christie's, 2002. furniture maker", +"date": "active end of the 18th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HodgettsVickie", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hodgetts, Vickie", +"comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", +"date": "active ca. 1972", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HodgsonIsaac", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hodgson, Isaac", +"comment": "VRC mounted photo coll, Oregon Obliviate. ", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoeckeDesselVan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hoecke-Dessel, Van", +"comment": "Loze, Pierre and François Loze; Belgium Art Nouveau: from Victor Horta to Antoine Pompe, Ghent: Eiffel Editions, 1991. ", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoffJohn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hoff, John", +"comment": "Zimmerman, Philip; Harmony in Wood, Ambridge, PA: Friends of Old Economy Village, 2010. American clockmaker from Lancaster, PA., son of clockmaker George Hoff", +"date": "active end of 18th century-1819", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoffmanLeeHawley", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hoffman, Lee Hawley", +"comment": "Pacific Coast Architecture Database. ", +"date": "active 1922-present", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HofmanJ", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hofman, J.", +"comment": "Loze, Pierre and François Loze; Belgium Art Nouveau: from Victor Horta to Antoine Pompe, Ghent: Eiffel Editions, 1991. ", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HogenEni", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hogen, En'i", +"comment": "Nakano, Masaki; Engie to nisee : Kamakura no kaiga kōgei, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993 (4061964097). ", +"date": "1299", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoggPam", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hogg, Pam", +"comment": "Polhemus, Ted. Streetstyle: From Sidewalk to Catwalk. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1994. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HohenbüchlerChristine", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hohenbüchler, Christine", +"comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", +"date": "born 1964", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HohenbüchlerIrene", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hohenbüchler, Irene", +"comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", +"date": "born 1964", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HOK", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "HOK", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. the largest U.S.-based architecture- engineering firm; formerly Hellmuth, Obata + Kassabaum", +"date": "est. 1955", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HokadoHatsukuni", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hokado, Hatsukuni", +"comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Japanese printmaker", +"date": "active ca. 1825", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hokkei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hokkei", +"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. Hokkei was famous for the quality of his tsuishu carvings of netsuke, netsuke masks, pipe cases, and even some inro.", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HokkyoKorin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hokkyo, Korin", +"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HokuchoShunshosai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hokucho, Shunshosai", +"comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker, pupil of Hokushu, worked in Osaka. Alternate name: Shunsho.", +"date": "active 1822-1830", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hokuei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hokuei", +"comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker in Osaka, pupil of Shunko Hokushu. Alternate names: Hokuei, Sekka, Sekkaro, Shumbaisai, Shumbaitei, Shunko, Shunkosai, Shun'yosai. Possible to confuse this artist with Tokoen Hokuei who used the same kanji for his go name.", +"date": "active 1829-1837", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HokumyoShunkosai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hokumyo, Shunkosai", +"comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker", +"date": "active ca. 1830", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HokuseiTohonan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hokusei, Tohonan", +"comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker", +"date": "active ca. 1832", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HolabirdandRootLLC", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Holabird & Root LLC", +"comment": "Emporis; http://www.emporis.com. The successor firm to Holabird & Roche, founded in 1880 and one of the earliest builders of skyscrapers", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HolcombMike", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Holcomb, Mike", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Assistant Dean for Technology in the Arts at the University of Arizona and Director of Treistman Center for New Media in the College of Fine Arts (2011)", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoldenJackandPat", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Holden, Jack and Pat", +"comment": "Turner, Suzanne and A.J. Meek; Gardens of Louisiana: Places of Work and Wonder, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997. Landscapers and restorers of Maison Chenal who are also historians of early Louisiana material culture", +"date": "active after 1975", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HolidayCatherineRaven", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Holiday, Catherine Raven", +"comment": "Parry, Linda; William Morris, London, New York: Philip Wilson Publishers Ltd., Harry N. Abrams, Inc. Publishers, 1996. Freelance embroiderer for William Morris; married to Henry Holiday of the pre-Raphaelite artists; alt. name: Kate", +"date": "active ca. 1875", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HollandH", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Holland, H.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HollerbaumandSchmidt", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hollerbaum & Schmidt", +"comment": "Deutsches Historisches Museum; Kunst! Kommerz! Visionen!: Deutsche Plakate, 1888-1933, Heidelberg: Edition Braus, 1992. Berlin", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HolmbergWilliam", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Holmberg, William", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HolmesandHaines", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Holmes and Haines", +"comment": "Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute; Masterpieces of American furniture from the Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, NY: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1999. Edward Holmes (born 1780-1790) and Simeon Haines (born 1800)", +"date": "1825-1829", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HolmesK", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Holmes, K.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HolmgrenRobert", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Holmgren, Robert", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. photographer", +"date": "active late 20th cenutry", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoltHelenJean", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Holt, Helen Jean", +"comment": "UO AAA Library Architectural Drawing Collection. UO architecture student 1920s-30s", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HongLei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hong, Lei", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, photographer and installation artist, born in Changzhou, Jiangsu province, studied painting at the Nanjing Art College (graduated 1987), studied printmaking at the Central Academy of Fine Arts in Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1960", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HongSesop", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hong, Se-sop", +"comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Korean painter of the Chosen period (1392-1910). He was born into a family of scholars and passed the examination to become an official in the central government, taking up a post in the Royal Chancellery. 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", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoodRaymondMathewson", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hood, Raymond Mathewson", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1881-1934", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HooperWH", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hooper, W. H.", +"comment": "Blakesley, Rosalind; Arts and Crafts Movement, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2006. printmaker", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoosemansFrans", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hoosemans, Frans", +"comment": "Sembach, Klaus-Jurgen; Art Nouveau: Utopia: Reconciling the Unreconcilable, Koln: Taschen, 1996. ", +"date": "active late 19th-early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoppittCliff", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hoppitt, Cliff", +"comment": "Carver, Martin; Sutton Hoo: A Seventh-Century Princely Burial Ground and Its Context, London: British Museum Press, 2005. photographer", +"date": "active2000s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Horiichi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Horiichi", +"comment": "Fellman, Sandi; Japanese Tattoo, New York; London: Abbeville Press Publishers, 1986. Japanese tattoo artist", +"date": "late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Horijin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Horijin", +"comment": "Fellman, Sandi; Japanese Tattoo, New York; London: Abbeville Press Publishers, 1986. Japanese tattoo artist", +"date": "late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HorikenYokohama", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Horiken, Yokohama", +"comment": "Fellman, Sandi; Japanese Tattoo, New York; London: Abbeville Press Publishers, 1986. Japanese tattoo master", +"date": "late 20th - 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Horiuni", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Horiuni", +"comment": "Fellman, Sandi; Japanese Tattoo, New York; London: Abbeville Press Publishers, 1986. Japanese tattoo artist", +"date": "late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoriyoshiIII", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Horiyoshi III", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Japanese horishi tattoo artist specializing in traditional, full-body tattoos called Irezumi or Horimono; birth name Yoshihito Nakano; apprentice to Horiyoshi II, son of Shodai Horiyoshi of Yokohama (aka Yoshitsugu Muramatsu)", +"date": "born 1946", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hosaku", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hosaku", +"comment": "Chibbett, David; History of Japanese Printing and Book Illustration, Tokyo: Kodansha International Ltd., 1977. Kyoto artist.", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoshukuSochin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hoshuku, Sochin", +"comment": "Hickman, Money L.; Japan's Golden Age: Momoyama, Dalas: Dalas Museum of Art, 1996. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HosoeEikoh", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hosoe, Eikoh", +"comment": "Szarkowski, John and Shoji Yamagishi; New Japanese Photography, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1974. ", +"date": "born 1933", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HosokawaKatsumoto", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hosokawa, Katsumoto", +"comment": "Onishi, Hiroshi, Takemitsu Oba and Sondra Castile; Immortals and Sages: Paintings from Ryoanji Temple, Reprint, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1993. ", +"date": "1430-1473", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HosokiKeijiro", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hosoki, Keijiro", +"comment": "Meiji kaikaki no nishikie (Meiji Japan through woodblock prints), Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1989. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HosokiToshiichi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hosoki, Toshiichi", +"comment": "Kanada, Margaret Miller; Color Woodblock Printmaking: The Traditional Method of Ukiyo-e, Fourth Printing, Tokyo: Shufunotomo Co., Ltd., 1989 (4079753160). ", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HouChunming", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hou, Chun-ming", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Chiayi, Taiwan, resides in Taipei; educated at the National Institute of the Arts, Taipei.", +"date": "born 1963", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HouJie", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hou, Jie", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HouYimin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hou, Yimin", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoubionE", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Houbion, E.", +"comment": "Loze, Pierre and François Loze; Belgium Art Nouveau: from Victor Horta to Antoine Pompe, Ghent: Eiffel Editions, 1991. ", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoughtonBarbara", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Houghton, Barbara", +"comment": "http://www.nku.edu/~houghton/bio.html. Northern Kentucky University.", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoweAlphonse", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Howe, Alphonse", +"comment": "Rutz, Miriam Easton; Public Gardens of Michigan, East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2002. American architect", +"date": "active ca. 1885", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoweGeorge", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Howe, George", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Philadelphia architect", +"date": "1886-1955", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HrazdilCaspar", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hrazdil, Caspar", +"comment": "Baker, Malcolm and Brenda Richardson; Grand Design: the Art of the Victoria and Albert Museum, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1997. ", +"date": "active 1890-ca. 1945", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HsinbyushinKingofBurma", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hsinbyushin, King of Burma", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. king of the Konbaung dynasty, second son of the dynasty founder Alaungpaya and considered the most militaristic king of the dynasty, through which he preserved Burma's independence over four Chinese invasions and a victory over Siam in 1767. ", +"date": "r. 1763-1776", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuChuanzhi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hu, Chuanzhi", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Dalian, Liaoning Province; alternate name: 胡传治", +"date": "born 1932", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuGui", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hu, Gui", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h35g42 Alternate names: Hu Kuei (Hu Huai), 胡(王褱) Five dynasties Hu Huai was a great figure painter doing hunting scenes in the North. (http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9034447/Five-Dynasties +43815.hook) ", +"date": "active ca. 923 - 935", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuMing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hu, Ming", +"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Chongqing, Sichuan province", +"date": "born 1944", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuYichuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hu, Yichuan", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). Political activist who matriculated from the Hangzhou West Lake National Arts Academy in 1929. He organized the influential Eighteen Arts Society and the Communist Youth League and by 1931 was closely involved with Li Xun and the woodcut movement. Moved to Shanghai where he engaged in labor activism.", +"date": "born 1910", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuYouzhang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hu, Youzhang", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Yuncheng, Shanxi Province; member of the Chinese Artists' Association; alternate name: 胡有章", +"date": "born 1941", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuYuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hu, Yuan", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h35y37 Alternate names: Hu Yüan, 胡遠 Qing dynasty Collector and calligrapher; painted landscapes and plum blossoms.--Seymour", +"date": "1823 - 1886", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuYupu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hu, Yupu", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuZhang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hu, Zhang", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. Chinese painter during the Qing dynasty, traveled and painted in Japan.", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuZhifu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hu, Zhifu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h35z44f32 Alternate names: Hu Chih-fu, 胡直夫 Song dynasty, unrecorded Painted figures and landscapes. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 13th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuaGuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hua, Guan", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h36g38 Alternate names: Hua Kuan, 華冠 Qing dynasty Prominent portrait painter. Figures in pai-miao technique. Also, painted landscapes, trees, and flowers. --Seymour", +"date": "Qing dynasty", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuaQimin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hua, Qimin", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuaYan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hua, Yan", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h36y24 Alternate names: Hua Yen, 華喦 Qing dynasty (b Shanghang, Fujian Province, 1682; d Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 1762). Chinese painter. One of the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou (see Yangzhou school), Hua Yan painted figures, landscapes, birds, flowers and insects. A strong sense of humour is revealed in his depictions of animals: he painted subjects such as kittens in a heap, frogs fighting, a turtle on its back and sway-backed, pop-eyed horses. His independent spirit in this genre was widely acclaimed by critics. Qin Zuyong (1825–84) even praised his paintings as comparable to those of Yun Shouping, the great bird-and-flower painter. Autumn Scene (see fig.) is an example of his landscape painting. In the middle of the composition a scholar with a staff in his hand and his back to the viewer stands on a promontory that rises from the right corner, leading the eye towards him in a diagonal movement. Framed in a square by a tall rock to his left and a pair of spindly trees to his right, he gazes across an expanse of water at distant mountains, capped by a single peak. The brushwork is quick and sketchy, and the colours are pale: green underfoot, pink leaves, powder-blue mountains. Water is suggested only by the lines of currents in the foreground. There are only a few leaves on the trees and these are depicted almost as caricatures: as circles on one tree, brief horizontal lines on the other. The very dry, rough brushwork on the rocks and trees contrasts with the fine lines of the scholar and the grasses. A partially revealed cliff on the left is offset by two columns of calligraphy below it. Hua Yan’s models in calligraphy are cited as Zhong You (ad 151–230) and Yu Shinan (558–638), but it is clear that this is not the hand of a literary man, practised in the study of early models. The characters are broad, loosely spaced and rounded, and have a naivety and awkwardness that suit the style of his painting, itself terse and somewhat gauche. Conversation in Autumn (hanging scroll, 1732; Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.) is a far more energetic and complex painting. In the lower half of the work there are sharp, rain-drenched, near-naked trees on a foundation of pointed rocks. These craggy boulders are scribbled with energetic, lengthwise hatchmarks that lead the eye to the open window of a house, where two gentlemen can be seen within. The interior scene, framed with simple, straight, geometric lines, gives a sense of opening and expansion. The speckle of black, wet bamboo leaves and sodden, misty branches over the roof draw the eye upwards towards the narrow columns of calligraphy at the upper right, executed in a wild and agitated cursive script that echoes the effect of the trees in the foreground. --DOA ", +"date": "1682 - after 1755", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangBinhong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huang, Binhong", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h39b36h33 Alternate names: Huang Pin-hung, 黃賓虹 Modern (b Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, 1864; d Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 1955). Chinese painter. He was the modern embodiment of the literati ideal. Huang and his contemporary Qi Baishi became known by the sobriquets Huang of the South and Qi of the North. Originally educated as a scholar–official, Huang failed the civil service examination several times. After briefly managing his ancestral estate in Shexian, Anhui Province (1901–7), he embarked on a long career of teaching, editing art books and periodicals, collecting (and occasionally dealing in) works of art, writing and painting. Huang’s works of scholarship included treatises (published 1940–42) on three artists of the late Ming (1368–1644) and early Qing (1644–1911) periods: Hongren, Kuncan and Cheng Sui (c. 1605–91); these laid the foundations for later fruitful study. His book Huang shan huayuan lüe (‘An account of the Mt Huang school of painting’) is an indispensable guide to the Anhui school of painting. Meishu congshu (‘Encyclopedia of Chinese fine art’; 20 vols), a compendium of art books first published in 1911, which Huang co-edited with Deng Shi (d c. 1948), is still used by scholars. Stylistically, the paintings of Huang Binhong can be divided into four periods. In the first, up to the age of 50, the artist devoted himself to learning from both ancient and contemporary masters. In the second period, between the ages of 50 and 70, Huang travelled widely, increasing his knowledge of real landscapes. In the third, from the ages of 70 to 85, he began to establish a distinctly personal style. When he was 80 he held his first and only one-man show in Shanghai. He continued to paint until shortly before his death; during this last period his style underwent a virtual metamorphosis. Huang took a humanistic view of a painter’s role. Echoing Dong Qichang, he wrote that it is a fundamental requirement of art that the technique and skill of the artist, when he paints mountains and rivers, be invisible; consequently, these subjects, as a result of the painter’s act of creation, assume a mysterious quality that cannot be found in nature. One of the most salient aspects of Huang Binhong’s work was the intimate relationship between calligraphy and painting that permeated both his aesthetic theory and his practice. Huang believed that brushwork must be cultivated by means of a constant study of inscriptions on ancient bronzes and stelae (see China, §IV, 2(viii)) and of rubbings made from these, of examples of calligraphy and even of literature. From his lifelong study of epigraphy and seal-engraving, Huang arrived at a number of principles to underpin his pictorial composition, the most important of which was to achieve ‘void’ (xu) in solid form (shi). Calligraphy not only suggested but embodied the inner workings of nature. Painting, like calligraphy, should accomplish ‘order within disorder’, ‘the regularity of irregularity’ and ‘the resemblance of non-resemblance’. Huang also drew an analogy between composing a painting and playing a game of chess, in which the player must be constantly aware not only of the moves already made but also of those that may yet be made. Huang constantly experimented with different ways of applying ink wash, which, when combined with his brushwork, helped him to achieve the strong stylistic effects he called hunhou huazi (‘solidity and density in structure, and freshness and moisture in ink and brushwork’); an example can be seen in the handscroll Lake and Mountains Before Rain (1952; Hong Kong, Chiu Chu Tung priv. col., see 1989–90 exh. cat., p. 34, fig. 13). The album Insects and Flowers (see fig.) is an excellent example of Huang’s brushwork, which, though strong, is apparently childlike and thus embodies the literati ideal of zhuo (‘intentional awkwardness’). The fact that at least five types of brushwork, seven ways of applying ink and nine methods of manipulating water can be distinguished in his late work reflects Huang’s sophisticated technical mastery. Indeed, the innovative use of water is one of Huang’s most important contributions to 20th-century Chinese painting. In an undated album leaf depicting a landscape (336×349 mm; Hong Kong, Tao Ho priv. col., see 1989–90 exh. cat., p. 71, pl. 18D), the blending of water, ink and colour is masterful. For the last two years of his life Huang Binhong was almost completely blind. To compensate, he relied increasingly on the intuitive use of ink and brushwork acquired through a lifetime of practice, combining his tempestuous, rough brushwork with layer upon layer of ink washes. At first glance, his late paintings appear disorderly. On close inspection, however, these works reveal a rich and complex visual structure and the supramundane quality that he always sought in landscape painting. --DOA", +"date": "1864 - 1955", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangChihyang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huang, Chih-yang", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. b. Taipei China Culture University, Taipei, 1989", +"date": "b. 1965", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangDan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huang, Dan", +"comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangGongwang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huang, Gongwang", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h39g33w25 Alternate names: Huang Kung-wang, 黃公望 Yuan dynasty (b Changshu, Jiangsu Province, 1269; d Changshu, 1354). Chinese painter. He was designated one of the Four Masters of the Yuan, together with Ni zan, Wu zhen and Wang meng. Born into a family named Lu, he was orphaned when very young. The impoverished Lu family had him adopted when he was seven or eight by a Mr Huang of Yongjia, Zhejiang Province, who was living in Changshu at the time. Since Huang was about 90 years old and without male offspring, the names Huang Gongwang and Zijiu were chosen, which together mean ‘Mr Huang has desired a son for a long time’. Huang Gongwang received a good education, and some documents suggest that he was a child prodigy. In his youth, he served as a legal clerk in the Office of Surveillance in western Zhejiang Province and was put in charge of matters related to the collection of land taxes for helping poor peasants. In 1315, when he was working in Beijing at the Investigation Bureau of the Office of the Imperial Censor, Zhang Lu, he was imprisoned for alleged involvement in mishandling of land taxes in Zhejiang. A plan to collect taxes that Zhang proposed to the court in fact had been undermined by rich landowners and corrupt officials; later, when Zhang was cleared, Huang was released. As a result of this Huang decided to give up official life, changing his name to Yifeng (‘One Peak’). For a time he lived in Huating (modern Songjiang in Shanghai Municipality), making his living as a fortune-teller. About 1329 he joined the Daoist Quanzhen sect. None of Huang’s works on Daoism survive, but the Daozang (Daoist Canon) does include his biography. In 1334 he established a Hall of the Three Doctrines in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. The Three Doctrines sect, which reached its height in the Yuan period (1279–1368), incorporated elements of Confucianism, Daoism and Chan (Jap. Zen) Buddhism into a syncretic philosophy; Huang’s interest in it suggests the breadth of his philosophical and religious outlook. Huang was also versatile in literature and the arts. One contemporary source states: ‘His learning does not rank below anyone. Of all things under heaven there is nothing that he does not know. Even regarding the smallest skill and artistry, he is in good command. He can compose long poems and short verses instantly. He is especially adept in painting. People respect him as a teacher.’ Since this source is concerned with dramatists, Huang must have been a writer of plays. He wrote a volume of poetry, Dachi Daoren ji, no longer extant, and was also noted as a flautist. He had many literary and artistic friends, including the painters Ni Zan, Cao Zhibai, Fang Congyi, Yang Weizhen (1296–1370) and Zhang Yu (1277–1348), and the poet Yang Zai; he is said to have been a pupil of the painter Zhao Mengfu. In the Yangzi delta area Huang also lived in Quzhou, Fuyang, and, in his last years, Hangzhou and the Fuchun River area (all in Zhejiang Province). Seventeenth-century sources state that he liked to lose himself in nature, perhaps sitting all day in the mountains or staying close to the sea, watching the waves, wind and rain, or sailing a boat alone on a lake, chanting songs and drinking wine. Some 60 extant paintings are attributed to Huang Gongwang, but only a few are accepted as genuine. Huang is said to have started painting only after the age of 50 (c. 1320), though none of the accepted works dates to before the 1340s. Jiuzhu fengcui (‘Nine pearl peaks’; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), a hanging scroll on satin in ink, though unsigned, has a colophon indicating its dedication to Yang Weizhen and is one of Huang’s earliest works. Many basic forms, such as rocks and trees, are not fully developed. Xishan yuyi (‘Rivers and hills before rain’; see fig. 1) has an inscription of 1344 dating it to some years earlier. Elements such as patterns of trees and mountains, contrasts and variations, and freedom of brushwork are further developed. Tianchi shibi (‘Stone cliff at the heavenly pond’; 1341; Beijing, Pal. Mus.), a hanging scroll on silk, depicts rocks making up a centralized formation of high mountains, a typical Yuan composition. The most important painting by Huang Gongwang, Fuchun shan ju tu (‘Dwelling in the Fuchun mountains’; see fig. 2), represents what came to be considered the most typical aspects of Huang’s personal style. In ink on paper, it depicts broad stretches of the Fuchun River with free, powerful brushwork. Strokes form patterns, rhythms and movements in spontaneous ways associated with calligraphy. Although still representational, the landscape is personalized and abstracted to reflect Huang’s interest in finding freedom of expression in nature, a tradition inherited from the 10th-century painter Dong yuan. The scroll has a complex history. Originally painted for the Daoist Cheng Wuyong, in the 15th century it was acquired by Shen Zhou in Suzhou. Having passed through several hands in that area, in 1596 it came to Dong Qichang in Beijing, who brought it back to his hometown, Huating (Songjiang), where it became very influential among artists. One owner, Wu Hongyu, loved the painting so much that he ordered it to be burnt at his deathbed, and consequently, in 1650, the beginning section was damaged; total destruction was only averted by Wu’s nephew. As a result, the painting exists in two sections: the main section went into the collection of the Qianlong emperor in the 18th century, and the beginning part, after repair, went through many private hands and finally into the Zhejiang Provincial Museum in Hangzhou, where it is entitled Shengshan tu (‘The remaining mountains’). Copies of the painting include a scroll identical to the original apart from a missing last section (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) that is dated 1338 but was probably made in the middle part of the Ming (1368–1644) period. This version went into the collection of the Qianlong emperor before the original did, and was at first accepted by the emperor and his staff as the genuine one. When the original was in the hands of Dong Qichang and the Wu family, copies were made by many painters, including Cheng Zhengkui, Wang Hui, Wu Li, Yun Xiang (1586–1655), Shen Hao and Zou Zhilin ( fl c. 1610–51). Since the beginning of the 17th century, the scroll has had a great influence on Chinese painting. Huang Gongwang’s treatise on painting, Xie shanshui jue (‘Secrets of describing landscape’), was preserved by one of his admirers, Tao Zongyi, in an edition of 1366 (see China, §V, 3(iv)(b)). In this Huang mentions the prevalence in his time of the Dong Yuan tradition and offers many technical points in painting trees, rocks, mountains, clouds and water, emphasizing the literati tradition. He concludes, ‘In doing paintings there are four words that must be absolutely expelled: perversity, prettiness, vulgarity, and derivativeness’ (trans. based on Cahill), which became a guiding principle for literati painting. --DOA", +"date": "1269 - 1354", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangGuanyu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huang, Guanyu", +"comment": "Cohen, Joan Lebold; New Chinese Painting, 1949-1986, New York: Harry Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1987. Chinese painter", +"date": "b. 1949", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangHuabang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huang, Huabang", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangHuaxiang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huang, Huaxiang", +"comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. In 1984 Huang entered the print department of the Central Academy of Fine Arts. He specializes in depictions of the human figure in a style that has been called "rogue cynicism," because the people portrayed are not idealized.", +"date": "born 1962", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangJingHo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huang, Jing-Ho", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangJucai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huang, Jucai", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h39j26c23 Alternate names: Huang Chü-ts'ai, 黃居寀 Five dynasties ", +"date": "933 - after 993", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangLiu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huang, Liu", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese painter", +"date": "b. 1948", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangMiaofa", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huang, Miaofa", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangPeimo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huang, Peimo", +"comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. Huang began to learn woodblock printing in 1943. His official positions have included vice-chairman of the Nanjing Literary Union, chairman of the Nanjing branch of the Chinese Artists' Association, standing member of the council of the Chinese Printmakers' Association, and vice-director of the Jiangsu branch of the Chinese Printmakers' Association. He also wrote The Technique of Woodblock. ", +"date": "born 1925", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangQiming", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huang, Qiming", +"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Guilin, Guangxi province", +"date": "born 1961", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangShanshou", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huang, Shanshou", +"comment": "Brown, Claudia and Ju-hsi Chou; Transcending Turmoil: Painting at the Close of China's Empire, 1796-1911, Phoenix: Phoenix Art Museum, 1992. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangShen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huang, Shen", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h39s39 Alternate names: Huang Shen, 黃慎 Qing dynasty (b Ninghua, Fujian Province, 1687; d 1773). Chinese painter, calligrapher and poet. His father died when Huang was young, and in order to support the family Huang was obliged to pursue a professional career in painting. Although he specialized in portraiture and figure painting, he was also skilled as a painter of landscapes, plants and birds. His versatility was a characteristic he shared with his teacher, Shangguan Zhou (b 1665), a leading Fujian painter whose surviving works include Wanxiao tang huazhuan (‘Painting record of the Wanxiao Hall’), a woodblock-printed work depicting historical characters. Huang was encouraged by his mother to aspire to a loftier goal than that of a mere craftsman, the status generally accorded professional painters. He began his education at the age of 18; asserting the oneness of painting and poetry, he studied both arts and in 1734 published the Jiaohu shichao (‘Poetic anthology by Jiaohu’), Jiao hu being a lake to the north of Ninghua. He often included elegantly phrased inscriptions on his paintings, thereby incorporating poetry, calligraphy and painting in a single work. His calligraphy was initially modelled after the kaishu (regular script) of Zhong You (ad 151–230) but was later influenced by the caoshu (cursive script) of Huaisu. The best examples of his style are bold and sweeping, executed with an unerringly crisp and sure touch and with intricately spaced characters. Huang is generally classified as one of the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou (see Yangzhou school). His association with that city began as early as 1724 and lasted for at least 30 years. At first his reception was lukewarm, but by 1730 Huang had developed individual styles of calligraphy and painting, free from an earlier dependence on Xiao Chen ( fl late 17th century–early 18th) and Han Fan. Eventually, his cursive calligraphy and ink-play technique (moxi) became popular among collectors in Yangzhou and established him as a major figure in the city’s art circles. His paintings were often distinguished by mannered, tremulous brushstrokes used to outline and contour forms, which were then coloured with pale vegetable pigments or ink washes. So lucrative did his painting practice become that he was able to buy a house and spend his days drinking and composing poetry with Li Shan, Gao Xiang ( fl 1700–30) and other friends. Huang reached the height of his success between 1723 and 1735. Documentary evidence about his life thereafter is scarcer, but extant paintings confirm that he continued to paint well into his later years. Qingliang Daoren, in his Tingyu xuan biji (‘Notes from the Tingyu studio’), referred to a painting done by Huang in 1764 when he was 78 years old; it depicted an old man holding a chrysanthemum, a favourite subject of the artist, which he treated with gentleness, even sentimentality. Two inscriptions written by admirers and attached to Willows in Autumn (see fig.) confirm that he adopted various names in his youth and that he retired to Jiao hu in his eighties. In general, Huang Shen’s art developed from a meticulous style similar to that of his teacher, through an intermediary stage of relaxation, even lyricism, and finally to the spontaneous and untrammelled mode seen in Willows in Autumn, although some of his styles may have co-existed. He mixed the refined with the vulgar and, in historical subjects, frequently manipulated stock figures. His early landscape paintings, such as Reminiscence from the Han River (1729), show elements of the dense and detailed style of Guo Xi, but such influences became increasingly attenuated and then vanished altogether in the face of a far bolder approach. --DOA", +"date": "1687 - 1773", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangXiangjian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huang, Xiangjian", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h39x25j26 Alternate names: Huang Hsiang-chien, 黃向堅 Qing dynasty Painted landscapes in the style of Wang Meng. --Seymour", +"date": "1609 - 1673", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangXinbo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huang, Xinbo", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). A native of Guangdong, he also published under the name Yigong. alternate name: 黄新波", +"date": "1915-1980", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangYali", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huang, Yali", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangYan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huang, Yan", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1931-1949 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Xingning, Guangdong Province; learn woodcut independently; alternate name: 荒烟", +"date": "born 1921", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangYongping", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huang, Yongping", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Quanzhou, Fujian; studied at Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou; has lived in Paris since 1989.", +"date": "b. 1954", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangYongsan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huang, Yongsan", +"comment": "Rotondo, Lisa E.; Chinese Revolutionary Woodcuts, 1935-1948: From the Herman Collection, Middletown (CT): Davison Art Center, 1984. alternate name: Huang Yung San", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangYongyu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huang, Yongyu", +"comment": "Laing, Ellen Johnston; Winking Owl: Art from the People's Republic of China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988 (0520060970). from Hunan; woodcut artist, cartoonist and traditional style painter", +"date": "born 1924", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangZhenxiao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huang, Zhenxiao", +"comment": "Possessing the past : treasures from the National Palace Museum, Taipei / Wen C. Fong, James C.Y. Watt; with contributions by Richard M. Barnhart ... [et al]. New York : Metropolitan Museum of Art : Distributed by H.N. Abrams, 1996. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangZongdao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huang, Zongdao", +"comment": "Fong, Wen C.; Beyond Representation, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1992. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HubbardAlice", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hubbard, Alice", +"comment": "Barter, Judith A.; Apostles of Beauty: Arts and Crafts From Britain to Chicago, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. American author", +"date": "1861-1915", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HubbardBertha", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hubbard, Bertha", +"comment": "Barter, Judith A.; Apostles of Beauty: Arts and Crafts From Britain to Chicago, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. American artist and illustrator", +"date": "1861-1946", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HubbardTheresa", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hubbard, Theresa", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born 1965 in Dublin, Ireland. M.F.A., Nova Scotia College of Art and Design, Halifax", +"date": "born 1965", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HubertPirssonandCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hubert, Pirsson and Company", +"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999 (0939802872). Based in New York.", +"date": "1880-1888", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuestisandHuestis", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huestis & Huestis", +"comment": "Chicago Daily Tribune; International Competition for a New Administration Building for the Chicago Tribune, Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune, 1923. Springfield, Massachusetts architecture firm", +"date": "active ca. 1920", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuetDavid", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huet, David", +"comment": "Schütz, Bernard; Great Monasteries of Europe, English language edition, New York; London: Abeeville Press Publishers, 2004. ", +"date": "active late 14th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HugganGerald", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huggan, Gerald", +"comment": "George, Michael and Consuelo M. Correcher; Gardens of Spain, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1993. landscape architect", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HughesAbbotofCluny", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hughes, Abbot of Cluny", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1049-1109", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Huichong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huichong", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h42c43 Alternate names: Hui-ch'ung, 惠崇 Song dynasty In the early Song period the monk–artist Huichong (c.965–1017) painted evocative river scenes with geese and reeds, works that were much praised by Su Shi and others of the late Northern Song (960–1127) literati group. --DOA", +"date": "active ca. 965 - 1017", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuitricH", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huitric, H.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuizongEmperor", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huizong, Emperor", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h42z58, Alternate names: Hui-tsung, 徽宗, Song dynasty", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuizongEmperorofChina", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Huizong, Emperor of China", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h42z58 Alternate names: Hui-tsung, 徽宗 Song dynasty (b Tianshui, Gansu Province, 1082; reg 1101–26; d Wuguocheng, Yilan, Heilongjiang Province, 1135). Chinese ruler and painter. The last emperor of the Northern Song period (960–1127), he was the 11th son of the emperor Shenzong (reg 1068–85). Huizong is considered to be the only accomplished artist in a line of emperors who all shared an interest in the arts. The fall of the Northern Song dynasty is usually attributed to Huizong’s neglect of his official duties in favour of religious and cultural pursuits. This preoccupation is described in miscellaneous notes of Deng Chun (fl 1127–67) in the Hua ji (‘Painting continued’; 1167) and by Tang Hou (fl 1322) in the Gujin huajian (‘Mirror of past and present painting’; 1320s), as well as in later chronicles such as the Tuhui baojian (‘Precious mirror for examining painting’; preface dated 1365) by Xia Wenyan. The development of Huizong’s aesthetic preferences and of his painting and calligraphy was supervised by three friends. They were all of high social rank but had different interests, and their preferences are reflected in the eclectic nature of the emperor’s style. Zhao Lingrang (fl c. 1070–1100) was a painter and connoisseur who assisted the emperor in his search for scrolls to add to the imperial collection. Wu Yuanyu (fl c. 1080–1104) has been described as a conservative academician. He was a pupil of Cui Bo (fl mid-11th century) and a conduit of the realistic tradition of painting to the emperor. The painter, connoisseur and collector Wang Shen (c. 1046–c. 1110) was also an eclectic intellectual calligrapher; he introduced the emperor to the calligraphic style of Huang Tingjian (1045–1105). While the emperor is best known for his bird-and-flower paintings, his calligraphy is probably the most significant of his accomplishments. It is highly personal and very different from the meticulous paintings attributed to him. Its unique style is described in a single reference by Tao Zongyi (fl 1350) in his Shushi hui yao (‘Essentials of calligraphy’): ‘The brush in Huizong’s running-cursive (xingshu) and regular (kaishu) scripts is graceful and powerful. He first studied the calligraphy of Xueji (648–718), and then altered [his master’s] brush method and manner to produce a style which he himself called “slender gold” script [shoujin ti]. The brushwork and style [of his calligraphy] evolved naturally and independently [of his master’s], so that [the relationship with Xueji] cannot easily be sought.’ (Chuang, p. 1.) As a collector Huizong invoked his rank to appropriate desirable paintings from sometimes unwilling owners. They are catalogued in the Xuanhe huapu (‘Xuanhe collection of painting’; compiled before 1119) with a preface written by the emperor and form the nucleus of the Palace Museum collection in Taipei. Huizong’s artistic significance is due in great part to the influence he exerted on others. During his reign the Hanlin Painting Academy became a centre of art education as well as painting (see also China, §V, 4(i)(c)). Members were officially graded in various ranks and were required in periodic examinations to illustrate quotations chosen by the emperor. The winning work was usually selected more on the basis of the originality of idea than on artistic merit. Huizong also maintained close supervision of paintings executed in the Baolu gong (Palace of Daoist Scriptures), where he required a flawless technique that tended to stultify painting as it emphasized craftsmanship over expression of feeling. It is difficult to assess Huizong’s true talent in painting. Early Chinese historians were anxious to elevate him to a status almost of martyrdom, and their laudatory adjectives made later objective evaluations difficult. For example, Deng Chun identifies the emperor as a genius and Tang Hou classifies his paintings as either ‘wonderful’ or ‘divine’. Another problem of evaluation arises from the tradition, according to early accounts, that when the emperor painted a picture, it was immediately copied by courtiers and artists seeking to obtain his signature on their work. This would explain the discrepancies in style of the paintings with authenticated signatures generally attributed to Huizong. According to Song- and Yuan-period (1279–1368) critics, Huizong painted successfully both in colour and monochrome ink, and several extant works in these traditions are available for comparison. The monochrome ink paintings are described as following the traditions of Li Cheng and Guo Xi. Landscapes and bamboo paintings put him in competition with the contemporary literati. Re-creations of early works can be studied in his copies of past masters such as Zhang Xuan. Ladies Preparing Newly Woven Silk (colour on silk, 370×1450 mm; Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.) is a copy attributed to Huizong by his grandson, the Jin emperor, Zhangzong (reg 1190–1209), who utilizes his ancestor’s calligraphic style in his inscription. Huizong is best known, however, for bird-and-flower album leaves composed in a pre-Song tradition. Carefully delineated forms drawn from life (xiesheng) in the tradition of Cui Bo rely on colour alone in the ‘boneless’ (mogu) technique of the Southern Tang (ad 937–75) artist Xu Xi. They create a new synthesis using the compositional device of flattened space characteristic of Huang Quan of the Five Dynasties period (907–60). This synthesis is exemplified by the Five-coloured Parakeet (horizontal scroll, colour on silk, 530×1250 mm; Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.), which bears his signature but which is probably not his work. The Dove on the Branch of a Blossoming Peach Tree (Tokyo, Setsū Gatodo priv. col.) is similar in composition and of more acceptable authenticity. Its technical perfection makes any individuality difficult to detect, but it exemplifies the flawless technique associated with the emperor. --DOA", +"date": "1082 - 1135", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HukinandHeath", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hukin & Heath", +"comment": "Menz, Christopher; Morris & Company: Pre-Raphaelites and the Arts and Crafts Movement in South Australia, Adelaide: Art Gallery of South Australia, 1994. Birmingham", +"date": "active 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HullBasil", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hull, Basil", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", +"date": "active early 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HulstLarry", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Hulst, Larry", +"comment": "American century : art & culture. New York : Whitney Museum of American Art in association with W.W. Norton, c1999. vol. 2.. 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", +"date": "1430-1431", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IbnMihammadalHasibAhmad", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ibn Mihammad al-Hasib, Ahmad", +"comment": "Stierlin, Henri; Islam, Cologne: Taschen, 1996. Architect.", +"date": "861", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ibnTimurShahrukh", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "ibn Timur, Shahrukh", +"comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. 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His empire controlled the main trade routes between East and West, including the legendary Silk Road, and became immensely wealthy as a result. The devastation of Persia's main cities led to the cultural centre of the empire shifting to Samarqand in modern Uzbekistan and Herat in modern Afghanistan. Shāhrukh chose to have his capital not in Samarqand, but in Herat. This was to become the political centre of the Timurid empire, and residence of his principal successors, though both cities benefited from the wealth and privilege of Shāhrukh's court, which was a great patron of the arts and sciences. His wife, Gowhar Shād, funded the construction of two outstanding mosques and theological colleges in Mashhad and Herāt. The Gowhar-Shād-Mosque was finished in 1418. The mixed ethnic origins of the ruling dynasty led to a distinctive character in its cultural outlook, which was a combination of Persian civilization and art, with borrowings from China, and literature written in Persian as well as Turkic and Arabic. In fact, Shah Rukh sent a large embassy to the Ming Dynasty of China in 1419. Shāhrukh died during a journey in Persia and was succeeded by his son, Mohammad Taragae Uluğ Bēg, who had been viceroy of Transoxiana during his father's lifetime. (Wikipedia)", +"date": "August 20, 1377 - March 12, 1447", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ibnUmarShaykShirazIskandarSultan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "ibn Umar-Shayk Shiraz, Iskandar-Sultan", +"comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. ", +"date": "ca. 1410-1411", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IbrahimbinGhanaim", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ibrahim bin Ghana'im", +"comment": "Stierlin, Henri; Splendours of an Islamic World, London: Tauris Parke Books, 1997 (1860642195). 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", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IchikiShiro", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ichiki, Shiro", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1828-1903", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IchimuraTetsuya", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ichimura, Tetsuya", +"comment": "Szarkowski, John and Shoji Yamagishi; New Japanese Photography, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1974. ", +"date": "born 1930", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IconesOperumMisericordiae", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Icones Operum Misericordiae", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IdaKojiro", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ida, Kojiro", +"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. 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", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ikgroup4", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ik (group 4)", +"comment": "Reents-Budet, Dorie; Painting the Maya Universe: Royal Ceramics form the Classic Period, Durham; London: Duke University Press, 1994. Located in the archaeological site of Motul de San José, in the Petén lowlands of Guatemala on the western side of Lake Petén-Itzá. Ik classification is based on chemical, political, socioeconomic, and stylistic attributes.", +"date": "active 750-850", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IkedaMasao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ikeda, Masao", +"comment": "Kung, David; Contemporary Artist in Japan, English edition, Honolulu: East-West Center Press, 1966. ", +"date": "1934-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IkedaTerukata", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ikeda, Terukata", +"comment": "Newland, Amy Reigle; Hotei Encyclopedia of Japanese Woodblock Prints, Amsterdam: Hotei Publishing, 2005. ", +"date": "1883-1921", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ikko", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ikko", +"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. Ikko was a prolific artist of the early to middle 19th century. He is considered one of the great artists of his time and excelled in his pip cases and tonkotsu, as well as with netsuke. His use of multiple woods, ivory, jade, mother-of-pearl, and multiple other materials in combination in his compositions is unparalleled.", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ikukai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ikukai", +"comment": "Swinton, Elizabeth de Sabato; Women of the Pleasure Quarter, New York: Hudson Hills Press, in association with Worcester Art Museum, 1995. Nothing is known of this artist, who worked in a manner derived from that of Hokusai when he used the name Sori (late 1794-1798)", +"date": "fl. early 1800s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IkyoEitetsu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ikyo, Eitetsu", +"comment": "Hickman, Money L. et al.; Japan's Golden Age: Momoyama, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IlBoccador", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Il Boccador", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IliakisKostis", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Iliakis, Kostis", +"comment": "Palagia, Olga; Pediments of the Parthenon, Leiden; New York; Cologne: E.J. Brill, 1993. illustrator", +"date": "active 1990s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IllinoisLithoCo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Illinois Litho Co.", +"comment": "Daniel, Noel; Magic: 1400s-1950s, Cologne: Taschen, 2009. ", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ImamYusuf", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Imam Yusuf", +"comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. calligrapher Ottoman", +"date": "d. 1729", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ImanishiResidencePreservationSociety", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Imanishi Residence Preservation Society", +"comment": "Kobayashi, Tadashi, Johei Sasaki and Naomi Okawa; Taiga to Ōkyo, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ImportGesellschaftGmbH", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Import-Gesellschaft GmbH", +"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ImprentaPayol", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Imprenta Payol", +"comment": "Mena, Juan Carlos and Óscar Reyes; Sensacional Mexican Street Graphics, New York: Princeton Architectural press, 2002. ", +"date": "1961-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ImprimeriedeBougeard", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Imprimerie de Bougeard", +"comment": "Lassus, Jean Baptiste Antoine and Amaury-Duval; Monographie de la Cathédrale de Chartres, Paris: Imprimerie impériale, 1842-1865. ", +"date": "active 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ImprimerieDomnec", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Imprimerie Domnec", +"comment": "Name derived from original printed material house in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Oregon.. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ImprimerieFChardon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Imprimerie F. Chardon", +"comment": "Lassus, Jean Baptiste Antoine and Amaury-Duval; Monographie de la Cathédrale de Chartres, Paris: Imprimerie impériale, 1842-1865. ", +"date": "active 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ImprimerieMariton", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Imprimerie Mariton", +"comment": "Name derived from original printed material house in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Oregon.. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Inchi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Inchi", +"comment": "Mizuno, Keizaburō, Yoshiaki Kudō, and Hisao Miyake; Unkei to Kaikei : Kamakura no kenchiku, chōkoku, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991 . ", +"date": "1252", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Incho", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Incho", +"comment": "Mizuno, Keizaburo, Yoshiaki Kudo, and Hisao Miyake; Unkei to Kaikei : Kamakura no kenchiku, chokoku, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IndependentGroup", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Independent Group", +"comment": "Hopkins, David; After Modern Art, 1945-2000, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Inhan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "In'han", +"comment": "Mizuno, Keizaburō, Yoshiaki Kudō, and Hisao Miyake; Unkei to Kaikei : Kamakura no kenchiku, chōkoku, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", +"date": "1233", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/InklinkFirenz", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Inklink Firenz", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Italian illustration and communication studio specializing in historical reconstruction, didactic multimedia tours and illustrated informative works for exhibitions and museums", +"date": "founded 1995", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/InnocentiandWebel", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Innocenti & Webel", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Long Island firm", +"date": "founded 1931", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/InnocentiUmberto", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Innocenti, Umberto", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Italian landscape designer; partner with Richard K. Webel in the firm Innocenti & Webel in Roslyn, Long Island", +"date": "1895-1968", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/InoueMokuda", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Inoue, Mokuda", +"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/InoueYashuji", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Inoue, Yashuji", +"comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", +"date": "1864-1899", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Insho", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Insho", +"comment": "Toda, Teisuke and Ryūsuke Asami; Zenshū jiin to teien : Nanbokuchō, Muromachi no kenchiku chōkoku kōgei, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu. Examples from the 12th century, at the height of bugaku mask production, include highly refined works signed by such master Buddhist sculptors as Inshō.", +"date": "12th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Inturist", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Inturist", +"comment": "Russian Postcards (Heghine). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Inun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "In'un", +"comment": "Mizuno, Keizaburō, Yoshiaki Kudō, and Hisao Miyake; Unkei to Kaikei : Kamakura no kenchiku, chōkoku, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991 . 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", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JWeinerLtd", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "J. Weiner Ltd.", +"comment": "Leboff, David and Tim Demuth; No Need to Ask! Early Maps of London's Underground Railways, Middlesex: Capital Transport Publishing, 1999. Publishers, lithographers, London", +"date": "active ca. 1930", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JWinhartandCo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "J. Winhart & Co.", +"comment": "Hiesinger, Kathryn Bloom; Art Nouveau in Munich: Masters of Jugendstil from the Stadtmuseum, Munich, and Other Public and Private Collections, Philadelphia, Munich: Philadelphia Museum of Art, Prestel-Verlag, 1988. Munich", +"date": "1883-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JBandJMCornell", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "J.B. and J.M. Cornell", +"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JablonkaP", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jablonka, P.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JackBroganUSA", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jack Brogan, USA", +"comment": "Fiell, Charlotte. Modern Furniture Classics since 1945. Washington, D.C. : American Institute of Architects Press, c1991.. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JackTrainAssociates", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jack Train Associates", +"comment": "Emporis; http://www.emporis.com. Chicago-based firm", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacksonArthur", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jackson, Arthur", +"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacobandJosefKohn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jacob and Josef Kohn", +"comment": "Wichmann, Siegfried; Jugendstil Art Nouveau: Floral and Functional Forms, First United States edition, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1984. Vienna", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacobandJosefKohnVienna", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jacob and Josef Kohn, Vienna", +"comment": "Wichmann, Siegfried; Jugendstil Art Nouveau: Floral and Functional Forms, First United States edition, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1984. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacobMark", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jacob, Mark", +"comment": "Doubilet, Susan; 'Traditional Office is Transformed', Progressive Architecture, vol. 66, no. 5. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacobMax", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jacob, Max", +"comment": "Porzio, Domenico; Lithography: 200 Years of Art, History, & Technique, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1983. ", +"date": "active early 18th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacobSamuelSwinton", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jacob, Samuel Swinton", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1841-1917", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacobbergerandSmith", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jacobberger and Smith", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacobbergerJames", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jacobberger, James", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Joseph (Josef) Jacobberger was born in Lautenbach, France on 1869 March 19 and moved to the United States with his family in 1872. Raised in Omaha, Neb., he received his degree in architecture from Creighton University. Joseph first set up his architectural practice in Minneapolis, Minn., then moved to California, and finally settled in Oregon in the l890s. For a time, he worked for the firm of Whidden and Lewis, after which he set up his own firm in 1900 and then formed Jacobberger & Smith with his colleague, Alfred H. Smith, in 1912. He designed residences, Catholic churches, and institutional and public buildings and was also Oregon chapter president of the American Institute of Architects (A.I.A.). Joseph married Anne Mary Lillis (b. 1863) in Portland on 1893 May 2, and the couple had six children, including son Francis Benedict Jacobberger. Joseph Jacobberger died on 1930 March 18. Francis Benedict Jacobberger was born in Portland, Or. on 1898 February 17. He attended the University of Oregon in Eugene, Or. and started his architectural career as a draftsman in his father's firm in 1921. Francis founded the firm Jacobberger and Stanton and also worked for the firm Jacobberger, Stanton, and Zeller, as well as Jacobberger, Franks, and Norman. He designed numerous Catholic churches, schools, hospitals, and other institutional buildings, including St. Francis Church and Providence Hospital in Portland, Or. Like his father, Francis served as president of the Oregon chapter of the American Institute of Architects (A.I.A.) from 1945-1946, and he also co-authored Oregon's architectural practices law. Francis married Maude Cowles Barnes (b. 1898) in 1923, and the couple had two daughters. Francis Benedict Jacobberger died on 1962 February 4. ", +"date": "1867-1930", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacobsonConstance", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jacobson, Constance", +"comment": "Acton, David; Sixty Years of North American Prints: 1947-2007, Boston: Boston Printmakers, 2009. American printmaker and graphic designer", +"date": "born 1951", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacopodiAntonio", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jacopo di Antonio", +"comment": "Gordon, Dillian; Fifteenth Century Italian Paintings, London: National Gallery Company, 2003. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Jacqmar", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jacqmar", +"comment": "Torrens, Deborah; Fashion Illustrated: A Review of Women's Dress, 1920-1950, New York: Hawthorne Books, Inc. Publishers, 1975. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacqmarLtdFabrics", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jacqmar Ltd Fabrics", +"comment": "Torrens, Deborah; Fashion Illustrated: A Review of Women's Dress, 1920-1950, New York: Hawthorne Books, Inc. Publishers, 1975. London textile manufacturers who developed a fashion house after WWII. They were known as Jacqmar Fabrics from 1936 and as Jacqmar Ltd Fabrics from 1942. ", +"date": "1936-1972", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JafaralSadiq", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ja'far al-Sadiq", +"comment": "Falk, Toby, ed.; Treatures of Islam, London: Philip Wilson Publishers, Ltd., 1985 . Shia Imam", +"date": "ca. 702-765/766", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JagamarraMichaelNelson", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jagamarra, Michael Nelson", +"comment": "Archer, Michael. Art since 1960. New York : Thames & Hudson, c2002.. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JalaluddinMuhammadAkbartheGreat", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar the Great", +"comment": "Roger, J.M.; Islamic Art and Design 1500-1700, London: British Museum Publications, 1983 (0714114286). Son of Humayun; Mughal", +"date": "1542-1605", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JallotLéon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jallot, Léon", +"comment": "Brunhammer, Yvonne and Suzanne Tise; Decorative Arts in France, 1900-1942, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1990. French interior designer", +"date": "1920s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JamesCouperandSons", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "James Couper & Sons", +"comment": "Victoria and Albert Museum website. ", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JamesMarshallandCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "James Marshall & Company", +"comment": "Menz, Christopher; Morris & Company: Pre-Raphaelites and the Arts and Crafts Movement in South Australia, Adelaide: Art Gallery of South Australia, 1994. Adelaide", +"date": "1880-1928", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JamesRussellandSons", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "James Russell and Sons", +"comment": "The Royal Commonwealth Society Photograph Collection . James Russell and Sons was a commercial photographic firm based in London, England. The company was established in 1852. It occupied a number of premises: 29 Union Road, Tufnell Park 1883-85; 199 Brompton Road 1884-88; 49 Brecknock Road 1886-99, 17 Baker Street 1889-. The company was still in business in 1908 (Pritchard 1994, pp.100-101). During the late nineteenth century the firm also had studios at 13 High Street, Windsor and 50 Clarendon Road, Southsea. ", +"date": "ca. 1850-ca. 1908", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JamiAbdulRahman", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jami, Abdul-Rahman", +"comment": "Simpson, Marianna Shreve; Sultan Ibrahim Mirza's Haft Awrang: A Princely Manuscript from Sixteenth-Century Iran, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997 (0300068026). Persian and Tajik Sufi poet ", +"date": "1414-1492", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JankeUrban", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Janke, Urban", +"comment": "Roder, Sabine, Gerhard Storck, and Michael Fehr; Deutsches Museum fur Kunst in Handel und Gewerbe, 1909-1919, Antwerp: Pandora, 1997. ", +"date": "1887-1914", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JankowskiChristian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jankowski, Christian", +"comment": "Heartney, Eleanor; Art & Today, New York: Phaidon Press, Inc., 2008. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JanssensWynand", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Janssens, Wynand", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JarvieShop", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jarvie Shop", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Metalworking workshop in Chicago, Illinois", +"date": "founded 1904", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JasparFredrich", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jaspar, Fredrich", +"comment": "Akademie der Bildenden Künste in Wien; Wagnerschule: Projekte, Studien und Skizzen aus der spezialschule für Architektur des Oberbaurat Otto Wagner, Professor an der K.K. Akademie der Bildenden Künste in Wien, Leipzig: Baumgärtners Buchhandlung, 1910. Vienna", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JawharalSiqillyCaliph", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jawhar al-Siqilly, Caliph", +"comment": "Archnet; http://archnet.org. ", +"date": "970", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JayWilliam", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jay, William", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Architect, apprenticed in London, relocated to Georgia in 1817 where he opened an office in Charleston and undertook a number of commissions there and in Savannah.", +"date": "1792-1837", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JeanDominique", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jean, Dominique", +"comment": "Goodison, Nicholas; Matthew Boulton: Ormolu, revised edition, London: Christie's, 2002. ", +"date": "active mid 18th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JeckFrank", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jeck, Frank", +"comment": "Kaplan, Wendy; 'The Art That is Life': The Arts and Crafts Movement in America, 1875-1920, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1987. ", +"date": "active 1920s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JefferysThomas", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jefferys, Thomas", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JeffreyandCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jeffrey & Company", +"comment": "Soros, Susan Weber; E.W. Godwin: Aesthetic Movement Architect and Designer, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999. British wallpaper manufacturer", +"date": "established 1836", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JenaBurgauFactory", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jena-Burgau Factory", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JenningsDeAnn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jennings, De Ann", +"comment": "Cohen, Joyce Tenneson; In/Sights: Self Portraits by Women, Boston: David R. Godine Publisher, 1978. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JenningsMountain", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jennings, Mountain", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active early 17th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JenningsPackard", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jennings, Packard", +"comment": "Klanten, Robert, Alain Bieber, Pedro Alonzo, Silke Krohn et al; Art & Agenda: Political Art and Activism, Berlin: Gestalten, 2011. Active 1998- present", +"date": "Born 1970", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JennisonAndrea", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jennison, Andrea", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JenoureAlfred", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jenoure, Alfred", +"comment": "http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/46023/details/keir+house/. ", +"date": "active ca. 1850", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JentschAntonJoseph", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jentsch, Anton Joseph", +"comment": "Schütz, Bernard; Great Monasteries of Europe, English language edition, New York; London: Abeeville Press Publishers, 2004. ", +"date": "active early 18th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JerónimodeAlgora", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jerónimo de Algora", +"comment": "Wikipedia. Spanish gardener", +"date": "active mid 16th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JessupShane", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jessup, Shane", +"comment": "Gastman, Roger, Zio Fulcher and Jamie Rivadeneira; Hello Kitty, Hello Art!, New York: Abrams, 2012. ", +"date": "Late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JesurunJohn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jesurun, John", +"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JevbrattLisa", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jevbratt, Lisa", +"comment": "Greene, Rachel; Internet Art, London: Thames & Hudson, 2004. ", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JewisonNorman", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jewison, Norman", +"comment": "American century : art & culture. New York : Whitney Museum of American Art in association with W.W. Norton, c1999. vol. 2.. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiDachun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ji, Dachun", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Nantong, Jiangsu Province; graduated 1993 from the Central Institute of Fine Arts, Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1968", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiaGejiang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jia, Gejiang", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Chia Keh-chiang ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiaShigu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jia, Shigu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j25s43g35 Alternate names: Chia Shih-ku, 賈師古 Song dynasty Jia Shigu (fl 1130–60), an official from Bianliang (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), who served in the imperial painting academy at Lin’an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province) during the Shaoxing period (1131–61) of the reign of Gaozong (reg 1127–62). --DOA", +"date": "active ca. 1130 - 1160", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiaYiqun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jia, Yiqun", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Guiyang, Guizhou Province, council member of Guizhou branch of the Chinese Artists' Association, council member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 贾宜群", +"date": "born 1916", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiaYoufu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jia, Youfu", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JianJiang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jian, Jiang", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active 17th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangBibo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jiang, Bibo", +"comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. Jiang Bibo was born in Guiyang, Guizhou province. Upon her graduation from Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts in 1962, Jiang joined the faculty and later became a professor and head for the print department, She has studied oil painting and also is an accomplished sculptor. From 1985-1987 she was a visiting professor, first in the United States and then in Canada. She has been a member of the council of the Chinese Artists' Association and a member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association. ", +"date": "born 1939", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangFeng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jiang, Feng", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Shanghai; alternate name: 江丰", +"date": "1910-1982", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangGui", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jiang, Gui", +"comment": "Jacobsen, Robert D.; Appreciating China: Gifts from Ruth and Bruce Dayton, Minneapolis : Minneapolis Institute of Arts, 2002 (1588860299). Jiang Gui was a follower of Wu Wei (1459-1508), the Zhe school master of wet-ink painting", +"date": "active late 14th-early 15th century ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangHong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jiang, Hong", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j27h33 Alternate names: Chiang Hung, 姜泓 Ming or Qing dynasty?", +"date": "18th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangJie", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jiang, Jie", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Chinese artist and sculptor, associate professor of sculpture at Central Academy of Fine Art in Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1963", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangShen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jiang, Shen", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j27s39 Alternate names: Chiang Shen , Jiang Can Song dynasty", +"date": "active ca. 1090 - 1138", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangSong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jiang, Song", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j27s56 Alternate names: Chiang Sung, 將嵩 Ming dynasty Painted landscapes and figures following Wu Wei, but painted in a rough manner with a dry brush like Zhang Lu and his friends. --Seymour", +"date": "active ca. 1500", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangWeiqiang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jiang, Weiqiang", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese artist", +"date": "b. 1961", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangYin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jiang, Yin", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j27xy29 Alternate names: Chiang Yin, 姜隱 Ming dynasty Painted figures, flowers, and fruits. --Seymour", +"date": "16th century ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangYun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jiang, Yun", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangZhang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jiang, Zhang", +"comment": "Realms of Faith, Kaikodo Journal, vol. 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangZhaohe", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jiang, Zhaohe", +"comment": "Barnhart, Richard, James Cahill and Wu Hung; Three Thousand Years of Chinese Painting, New Haven; Beijing: Yale University Press; Foreign Languages Press, 1997. Chinese painter, specialized in human figures, particularly contemporary people of society's lowest strata.", +"date": "1904-1986", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangZicheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jiang, Zicheng", +"comment": "Little, Stephen and Shawn Eichman; Taoism and the Arts of China, Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 2000. Chinese Ming painter", +"date": "active ca. late 14th-early 15th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiaoBingzhen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jiao, Bingzhen", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j28b37z42 Alternate names: Chiao Ping-chen, 焦秉貞 Qing dynasty ...within the palace Western style and perspective are traceable in the female portraits of Jiao Bingzhen (1662–1722), for example Shinu tuce (‘Album of paintings of beautiful women’; Beijing, Pal. Mus.) or Shinu tuce yu (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). --DOA", +"date": "active ca. 1680 - 1720", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiaoCaiyun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jiao, Caiyun", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Chiao Tsai-yun", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiaoXinhe", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jiao, Xinhe", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1931-1949 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981;. alternate name: 焦心河", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JimLoganArchitects", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jim Logan Architects", +"comment": "McGregor, Suzi Moore and Nora Burba Trulsson; Living Homes: Sustainable Architecture and Design, San Francisco: Chronicle Press, 2008. American architectural firm", +"date": "active ca. 1995", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinCheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jin, Cheng", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinChushi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jin, Chushi", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "late 12th–13th century ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinFeng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jin, Feng", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Shanghai; lives in Changzhou, Jingsu Province.", +"date": "b. 1962", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinKequan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jin, Kequan", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinKun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jin, Kun", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j32k42 Alternate names: Chin K'un, 金昆 Qing dynasty", +"date": "active ca. 1662 - 1722", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinLan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jin, Lan", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinMeisheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jin, Meisheng", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter", +"date": "1902-1989", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinNong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jin, Nong", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j32n43 Alternate names: Chin Nung, 金農 Qing dynasty (b Renhe, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 1687; d 1764). Chinese painter, calligrapher and poet. He was one of the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou (see Yangzhou school). In his youth he showed promise as a poet, and his talent was appreciated by such leading scholars as Mao Qiling (1623–1716) and Zhu Yizun (1629–1709). His teacher, He Chuo (1661–1722), also praised him as a poet belonging to the tradition of the Tang-period (ad 618–907) poets Meng Haoran (689–740) and Gu Juang (c. 725–814), and as the best among his peers. Jin became a notable figure in the Nanping shi she (Nanjing Poetry Club), whose members included such distinguished literati figures and artists as Li E (1692–1752), Huang Shijun (1696–1773), Ding Jing (1696–1765) and Chen Zhuan (1668–after 1748). It was at this time that he acquired the reputation of being aloof and difficult—‘eccentric’—which did not, however, prevent him from being known and well received. He was seen frequently among the élites of the cultural and artistic centres of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, and Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, or of other cities visited during his travels. Except for a brief tenure as a family tutor, he had no paid employment. Instead, unlike the literati amateur painters, who sometimes accepted money privately, he made a living by bartering his writings and paintings. Part of his patronage came from wealthy salt merchants and officials in Yangzhou. When he approached the reigning poet, Yuan Mei, with the hope of broadening his clientele, he was good-naturedly chastised. Precarious though his circumstances often were, he indulged in refined, even sensual pleasures and took in servants known for their artistic and literary talents. A connoisseur of antiques, he amassed a notable collection of inkstones (see China, §XIII, 13) and thousands of ink rubbings. Jin’s style of calligraphy was inspired by the Han-period (206 bc–ad 220) clerical script (lishu), as seen in the inscription on his painting Bamboo (see fig.). He developed a uniquely bold, innovative style by combining thickened lateral brushstrokes with attenuated vertical or slanted strokes. In this way he attempted to re-create the engraved impression of stelae of the Northern Wei period (ad 386–534; see China, §IV, 2(vii)). Jin claimed that it was not until 1736 that he began to paint. In that year he declined candidacy for the prestigious boxue hongci (‘wide erudition’) examination offered by the Qianlong emperor (reg 1736–96). Nevertheless, he travelled to Beijing and during the journey had the opportunity to study ancient works in various art collections. An album of paintings attributed to Jin Nong (Zurich, Mus. Rietberg) includes his first attempts at landscape painting. The inscriptions show the artist’s predilection for a style of calligraphic inscription on paintings that was so rigid as to be akin to printed forms. The contrast with the fluent strokes and subtle strength seen in his calligraphic works per se is marked. Once embarked, at the age of 50, on his painting career, Jin experimented ceaselessly in a wide range of themes. In his 60s he began to explore the theme of bamboo. He also painted plum blossoms, a subject in which he was influenced by Gao Xiang (1688–1754) and Wang Shishen (1686–1759), and horses, a theme of long standing, but rarely tackled by Jin’s contemporaries except in official court painting and by Qing Feng (1740–95). In Jin’s paintings of Buddhist subjects and in his portraiture, he attempted a novel iconic approach and a distinct mode of characterization. His painting talent lay less in his technical skill than in his archaic and whimsical presentation of unusual imagery. The impact of the paintings, which are accompanied by inscriptions, is sharpened by the juxtaposition of his rigid, blocklike calligraphy and the wistful lyrics in the inscription. Jin produced paintings between the 1730s and 1764 only. Two disciples, Luo ping and Xiang Jun, are recorded as having produced works jointly with him, Luo from 1759 and Xiang from 1761. As a result of their collaborations, authentication of Jin Nong’s later works often involves careful study of the works of Luo Ping and, to a lesser extent, of Xiang Jun. Of the two it was Luo Ping who succeeded the master and who was also designated one of the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou. --DOA", +"date": "1687 - 1764", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinShangyi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jin, Shangyi", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", +"date": "b. 1934", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinWenjin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jin, Wenjin", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j32w27j32 Alternate names: Chin Wen-chin, 金文璡 Ming dynasty Painted bamboo. --Seymour", +"date": "active ca. 1400 - 1450 ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinYue", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jin, Yue", +"comment": "Weidner, Marsha, Ellen Johnston Laing, Irving Yucheng Lo, Christina Chu, and James Robinson; Views from Jade Terrace: Chinese Women Artists 1300-1912, Indianapolis: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 1988 (0847810038). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinZhao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jin, Zhao", +"comment": "Realms of Faith, Kaikodo Journal, vol. 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinduPeoplesCommuneSpareTimeArtGroup", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jindu People's Commune Spare-Time Art Group", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JingHao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jing, Hao", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j33h26 Alternate names: Ching Hao, 荊浩 Five dynasties (b either Qinshui [nr modern Jiyuan] or nr Henei, both Henan Province, c. ad 855–80; d c. 915–40). Chinese painter. Jing was the foremost of the great monumental monochrome landscape painters of the Five Dynasties period (906–60) in northern China. According to critics he was already recognized as a master among landscape painters at the end of the Tang period (618–907). In Mi Fu’s Hua shi (‘History of painting’; preface 1103) it is recorded that Jing taught Guan Tong and that later his work was studied by Li Cheng and Fan Kuan. Jing was a Confucian scholar, well versed in the Chinese classics. He may have been a minor official under Zhaozong (reg 888–904) at Bianliang (modern Kaifeng), Henan Province, or Chang’an (modern Xi’an), Shaanxi Province. However, from about the age of 35, he led a solitary life at Honggu in the Taihang Mountains, Henan, taking refuge from the fighting prior to the collapse of the Tang dynasty. He apparently supported himself there by farming but continued to paint, adopting the literary name (hao) of Hongguzi. While he appears never to have relinquished the influence of his Confucian background, his interpretations of landscape also reflect a Daoist love of nature. The subject-matter of Jing’s paintings was somewhat limited in range. In his mid-20s, while still a city-dweller, he executed a wall painting of the bodhisattva Guanyin (Skt Avalokiteshvara) on Mt Potalaka for the Shuanglin si, a temple in Bianliang. Later he was known mainly for landscapes, although apparently he also painted compositions of rocks and trees. His writings describe old gnarled pines, mossy cliffs and mysterious caves as ‘familiar companions’. His reflections on natural forms exhibit not only a close observation of nature, but also a reconciliation of Daoist and Confucian principles: ‘Every tree grows according to its natural disposition. The pine trees may grow tortuous, but they do not fall in with the deceitful; they are upright from the very beginning. … They are like diverging thoughts which must be brought into harmony’ (Sirén, 1956–8, p. 236). An early treatise on landscape painting, the Bifa ji (‘Notes on brush method’, c. 925), is attributed to Jing Hao; it reflects the characteristic attitudes of the great landscape painters of the 10th century, setting forth certain general ideas about the study and scope of painting. It deals primarily with the concept of value in painting and the ultimate criterion of good painting as truth, not in terms of outward likeness but of inner reality or spirit, reflecting a background of Confucian morality. The ‘painter of truth’ was a sage-artist who could ‘divine the emblems (hsiang) of objects and thus grasp their essence’ (Wen Fong and Watt, 1996, p. 124). It also offers a modified scheme of the Six Laws established by Xie He (fl c. 500–35) four centuries earlier (see China, §V, 5(i)) and makes comments about, and evaluations of, masters of the Tang and earlier periods. The writing reflects a preference for Tang painters who introduced new techniques, such as Wang Wei. The coarse techniques of the 9th century are considered inferior to the 8th-century fashion of ‘axe and chisel’ texturing in linear, clear and rational patterns. Concern for diversity of stroke and ink tone is expressed in theories regarding the two aspects of ‘brush’ and ‘ink’. These aspects were later treated by Guo Ruoxu and also in the Xuanhe huapu (‘Xuanhe collection of painting’; c. 1120); the latter text explains them: ‘To have brush but no ink [means that] the traces of the brush [as such] remain visible throughout, [resulting in] a want of naturalness. To have ink but no brush means that “axe and chisel” strokes are discarded and replaced by too erratic formations’ (Loehr, p. 89). The group of paintings attributed to Jing Hao are so inconsistent in execution that it is questionable whether they are in fact the work of one individual. However, all share certain general qualities, reflecting a preoccupation with the relationship between brush and ink. In defining form and texturing surfaces Jing’s brushwork is fluid, with variations both in ink tone and in width of brushstroke, as in cursive script (caoshu) calligraphy. He is credited with introducing innovations in the modelling and texturing of rock forms by use of texture strokes (cun). Another early technique visible in works associated with Jing is the use of a series of overlapping forms to build up rocks and mountains, though this is somewhat artificial. The compositions identified with Jing suggest a unity of vision not evident in earlier paintings, though they lack the convincing three-dimensional quality of later Chinese paintings. Travellers in Snow-covered Mountains (hanging scroll, Kansas City, MO, Nelson–Atkins Mus. A.), signed ‘Hongguzi’ in the lower right-hand corner, was reportedly recovered from a tomb in Shaanxi Province in the late 1930s. It is in poor condition, with some areas totally destroyed. Some minor retouching, done when it was being restored and remounted in Beijing, is not consistent with the original composition. Nevertheless, the painting is significant as a source of study on what is otherwise a virtually unknown period of Chinese painting. The monumental Kuanglu Mountains (see fig.), the best extant work attributed to Jing, is not signed but was identified with him as early as the Southern Song period (1127–1279), as indicated in a short inscription by Emperor Gaozong in the upper right-hand corner. While the painting itself is probably later, the composition may be Jing Hao’s, since the style is consistent with what is known of 10th-century landscape. It represents a range of rhythmically patterned, strongly vertical mountain forms gradually disappearing into distant haze. Visual entry into the landscape occurs at the lower left-hand corner; a road wends its way past a group of houses near the base of a waterfall and clustered mountains back to another complex of structures approximately halfway up the left-hand side of the composition. The mountain forms are balanced to the right by a level viewing area defining the rather sharp, pitched angle of the ground plane. There is a strong sense of isolation, since the few structures provide the only sense of human presence. While the painting represents a major development from earlier, more compartmentalized compositions, it lacks the sense of continuity of later 10th-century conceptions. --DOA", +"date": "active late 9th - first half 10th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JingQuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jing, Quan", +"comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Chinese architect", +"date": "active 2000-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Jishosai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jishosai", +"comment": "Meiji kaikaki no nishikie (Meiji Japan through woodblock prints), Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1989. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JitoEmpressofJapan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jito, Empress of Japan", +"comment": "Singer, Robert T. and John T Carpenter; Edo, art in Japan 1615-1868, Washington: National Galler of Art, 1998. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Jodiorg", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jodi.org", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Joan Heemskerk (born 1968 in Kaatsheuvel, the Netherlands) and Dirk Paesmans (born 1965 in Brussels, Belgium)", +"date": "active mid 1990s to present", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JoeYWaiArchitectInc", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Joe Y. Wai Architect, Inc", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Vancouver-based architecture firm", +"date": "active after 1978", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohansenPete", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Johansen, Pete", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnAColbyandSons", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "John A. Colby and Sons", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Chicago and Evanston furniture design firm, factory and auction house; sold in 1913 to the Babson brothers and Adam Crawford, who became president. The factory closed in the 1920s.", +"date": "1869-1913", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnGCraceandSon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "John G. Crace & Son", +"comment": "Victoria and Albert Museum web site. ", +"date": "active mid 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnHBuffordsSons", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "John H. Bufford's Sons", +"comment": "Meggs, Philip B. A History of Graphic Design. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992.. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnSBradstreetandCo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "John S. Bradstreet and Co.", +"comment": "Kaplan, Wendy; 'The Art That is Life': The Arts and Crafts Movement in America, 1875-1920, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1987. Minneapolis, MN", +"date": "late 19th-early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnTVansantManufacturingCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "John T. Vansant Manufacturing Company", +"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. Philadelphia", +"date": "1881-1884", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnWAyersCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "John W. Ayers Company", +"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. Chicago-based firm", +"date": "1887-1913", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnWTuftsCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "John W. Tufts Company", +"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. Boston", +"date": "ca. 1875-1891", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonandWallwork", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Johnson and Wallwork", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonCJoseph", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Johnson, C. Joseph", +"comment": "Rieman, Timothy D. and Jean M. Burks; Complete Book of Shaker Furniture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , Publishers, 1993. Shaker furniture maker", +"date": "1781-1852", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonChester", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Johnson, Chester", +"comment": "Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute; Masterpieces of American furniture from the Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, NY: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1999. Albany and New York", +"date": "active 1819-1854", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonEdmund", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Johnson, Edmund", +"comment": "Barter, Judith A.; Apostles of Beauty: Arts and Crafts From Britain to Chicago, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. Irish metalsmith", +"date": "ca. 1840-1900", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonT", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Johnson, T.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonTR", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Johnson, T.R.", +"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999 (0393047237). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonThomas", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Johnson, Thomas", +"comment": "Collinson, Patrick, Nigel Ramsay and Margaret Sparks; History of the Canterbury Cathedral, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995. ", +"date": "active mid 17th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonWallworkandJohnson", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Johnson, Wallwork & Johnson", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. American architectural firm based in Oregon.", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonBurgeeArchitects", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Johnson/Burgee Architects", +"comment": "Soros, Susan Weber; E.W. Godwin: Aesthetic Movement Architect and Designer, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999. ", +"date": "1968-1991", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnstonHollisE", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Johnston, Hollis E.", +"comment": "archINFORM.net. Architect. Student at UO ca. 1919-1920. Principal, Hollis E. Johnston, Architect, Portland, OR; Partner, [Arthur Glenn] Stanton and Johnston, Architects, Portland, OR, 1940-1945;", +"date": "d. 1966", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnstonJewettN", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Johnston, Jewett N.", +"comment": "Clark, Robert Judson; Arts and Crafts Movement in America, 1876-1916, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972. instructor of journalism, carpentry and architectural drawing in San Luis Obispo", +"date": "active early 1900s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnstonLawrence", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Johnston, Lawrence", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnstonWilliamL", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Johnston, William L.", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Carpenter-architect who taught architectural drawing at the Carpenter's Company of Philadelphia.", +"date": "1811-1849", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Johosai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Johosai", +"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Jokasai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jokasai", +"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JollyLawrence", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jolly, Lawrence", +"comment": "Girouard, Mark; Elizabethan Architecture: Its Rise and Fall, 1540-1640, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. ", +"date": "active late 16th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JonanEtetsu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jonan, Etetsu", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. A Zen Monk", +"date": "1444-1507", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JonesEdward", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jones, Edward", +"comment": "McGregor, Suzi Moore and Nora Burba Trulsson; Living Homes: Sustainable Architecture and Design, San Francisco: Chronicle Press, 2008. American architect in Phoenix, AZ. ", +"date": "active late 20th early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JonesGeorgeH", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jones, George H.", +"comment": "http://communities.aia.org/sites/hdoaa/wiki/Wiki%20Pages/ahd1022587.aspx. Oregon", +"date": "died 1950", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JonesHalsey", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jones, Halsey", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active ca. 1945", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JonesMark", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jones, Mark", +"comment": "Name used by John Reynolds, architect, Eugene, Oregon. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JonesNoble", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jones, Noble", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Born in London, was a founding Georgia colonist, military officer, plantation owner and politician", +"date": "1702-1775", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JonesWalter", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jones, Walter", +"comment": "http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-chastleton. wool merchant", +"date": "active early 17th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JongkeesJanHendrik", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jongkees, Jan Hendrik", +"comment": "worldcat. ", +"date": "active 1941-1971", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JoorHarrietCoulter", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Joor, Harriet Coulter", +"comment": "Tucker, Kevin; Gustav Stickley and the American Arts & Crafts Movement, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 2010. Textile artist in Stickley's Craftsman Workshops", +"date": "1875-1965", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Joran", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Joran", +"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Joso", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Joso", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1855-1910", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JostHeinrich", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jost, Heinrich", +"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", +"date": "b. 1889", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JoyceRichard", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Joyce, Richard", +"comment": "Smith, Greg and Sarah Hyde; Walter Crane, 1845-1915: Artist, Designer, Socialist, London: Lund Humphries, in association with the Whitworth Art Gallery, University of Manchester. ", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JuJie", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ju, Jie", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j36j29 Alternate names: Chü Chieh, 居節 Period uncertain", +"date": "active ca. 1525 - 1583", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JuLian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ju, Lian", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j36l34 Alternate names: Chü Lien, 居廉 Qing dynasty Lingnan school: Term used to refer to a style and movement established by a small group of painters in Guangdong Province who studied in Japan in the early 20th century. Lingnan (Chin.: ‘south of the mountains’) is often used less properly for all artists from Guangdong. The main figures of the school were Gao jianfu, his brother Gao Qifeng (1889–1935) and their compatriot Chen Shuren (1883–1949). All three came from Panyu County near Guangzhou [Canton] and learnt the foundations of traditional Chinese painting from the Guangdong master Ju Lian (1828–1904), who specialized in bird-and-flower subjects. Ju Lian painted in the ‘boneless’ (mogu) style practised by the 17th-century master Yun Shouping. However, he also pioneered or perfected new colouring and ink-spreading techniques that were to influence Lingnan school artists, among them ‘splashed water’ (zhuang shui) and ‘sprinkled powder’ (zhuang fen). In the latter, white powder was sprinkled on to the coloured areas, especially flower petals, to produce a bright, somewhat glossy surface. In the former, the ‘boneless’ technique for painting leaves was extended by carefully controlling the flow of dripped water to form the borders. All of Ju Lian’s followers, most notably Chen Shuren, mastered the style of combining such techniques with meticulous attention to naturalistic detail, which imparted a freshness to studies of small birds and insects. This type of painting (e.g. Hong Kong, Chin. U., A.G.) is usually in album leaf or fan painting format; large hanging scrolls were painted only occasionally, as in an impressive undated work by Ju Lian, Rocks, Insects and Flowers (Guangzhou, Guangdong Prov. Mus.). --DOA", +"date": "1828 - 1904", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JuMoushi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ju, Moushi", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j36m42s43 Alternate names: Chü Mou-shih, 居懋時 Ming dynasty", +"date": "active ca. 1600", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JuQing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ju, Qing", +"comment": "Weidner, Marsha, Ellen Johnston Laing, Irving Yucheng Lo, Christina Chu, and James Robinson; Views from Jade Terrace: Chinese Women Artists 1300-1912, Indianapolis: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 1988 (0847810038). Qing dynasty Third-generation descendant of a distinguished family of bird-and-flower painters. From Geshan, Guangdong province. Married Yu Dan. Poet, left a collection entitled "The Songs of Grass from a Mild Spring Chamber." Painted in the style of Yun Shoubing; specialized in flowers, birds, and butterflies. --Weidner", +"date": "mid 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JuckerCarlJakob", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jucker, Carl Jakob", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Jugyoku", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jugyoku", +"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JuhlinSvenEric", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Juhlin, Sven-Eric", +"comment": "Raizman, David S. History of Modern Design. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2004. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JukiIida", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Juki, Iida", +"comment": "Cave, Philip; Creating Japanese Gardens, Rutland, Vermont: Charles E. Tuttle Company, Inc., 1993. Japanese garden designer", +"date": "third quarter 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JuliusIIPope", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Julius II, Pope", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1503-1513", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JumellePhotographique", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jumelle Photographique", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JumonjiBishin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jumonji, Bishin", +"comment": "Szarkowski, John and Shoji Yamagishi; New Japanese Photography, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1974. ", +"date": "born 1947", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Junayd", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Junayd", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. from Iraq; Mongol painter of miniatures and leading illustrator of the Jalayirid school. His style, using richly dressed figures in formal settings, deeply influenced later developments in Persian painting. Very little is known about Junayd's life. He was a pupil of the painter Shams ad-Din, and from 1382 to 1410 he worked in the service of Sultan Ahmad of the Mongol Jalayirid dynasty of Baghdad. He perpetuated the traditions of the great artists of the late Il Khan period of the Tabriz school, where Shams ad-Din had been trained. The result was a jewellike, multifaceted art that formed some of the basic patterns later adapted by Persian miniature painters. His work includes illustrations for Khwaju Kermani's Khamseh (“Five Poems”), completed in 1396, and margin illustrations for Sultan Ahmad's Divan. --Encyclopedia Britannica", +"date": "fl. 14th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JungnikHedwig", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jungnik, Hedwig", +"comment": "Fiedler, Jeannine and Peter Feierabend; Bauhaus, Cologne: Konemann, 2000. ", +"date": "active ca. 1922", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Juran", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Juran", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j36r22 Alternate names: Chü-jan, 巨然 Five dynasties (b Zhongling [modern Jin xian], Jiangxi Province, or Jiangning [modern Nanjing], Jiangsu Province; fl ad 975–93). Chinese painter. Juran and his predecessor Dong yuan practised what was known in the Northern Song period (960–1127) as scholar painting (shidaifu hua) and are widely regarded as founders of the so-called Southern school of scholar–amateur idealist painting. Juran was initially a Buddhist monk in Jiangning, the Southern Tang (ad 937–75) capital. After Tang capitulation to the Northern Song in 975, he moved to the Song capital of Bianliang (Kaifeng) where, living in the Kaiyuan Temple, he produced landscape scrolls and murals and achieved fame as a painter. Between 985 and 993, Su Yijian, scholar at the Hanlin Academy, built two studio-pavilions east and west of the Jade Hall, part of the Hanlin Academy, and commanded Juran to paint their exterior walls. Juran produced Yanlan xiaojing (‘Smokey mountain vapours at dawn’), which became celebrated. Hong Zunyi wrote in his Hanyuan qunshu that Juran’s ‘brush traces [were] wild and untrammelled like Li Cheng, yet he achieved the marvels of his own distinct style’. Before 1059 Liu Daoshun ( fl mid-11th century) ranked Juran in the third class of painters of landscapes and woods, as one ‘excellent at capturing the essential flavour of scenes’. In 1075 Guo Ruoxu ( fl 11th century) wrote, ‘woods and trees are not his forte’, although otherwise his ‘brush and ink are elegant and moist; he excels in misty, vaporous effects [in painting], tall and expansive desolate vistas of mountains and streams’. Shen Gua (1030–94) wrote, ‘Monk Juran followed the methods of Dong Yuan, attaining the utmost in marvellous principles. Both their works are best viewed from afar. Their brushwork is rather cursory, not resembling anything at close range. But from a distance objects and scenes emerge brilliantly, inspiring profound feelings and distant thoughts, as if one were contemplating unknown lands’. Mi Fu (see Mi, (2)), writing c. 1100, gives the most detail about Juran’s paintings and his techniques. He observed that ‘Juran followed Dong Yuan. There are many paintings extant with pure and moist vapours achieving a natural and naive quality in their construction. In his youth Juran used too many alum-heads [on the mountain slopes, but] in old age he attained a lofty flavour in unassertiveness’. On a Juran painting entitled The Ocean Wilderness (untraced), Mi wrote, partly in verse, ‘At the river’s edge by the ocean wilderness the vistas are broad, woods are far, mists dispersed, pale to the ends of the skies; evening tides rise up by the wooded hamlet, stars in array, the night skies over the fishing village are alive’, giving an impression of thematic content and imagery. Mi also noted the similarity between Juran’s works and those of Liu Daoren (‘Daoist Liu’), also a follower of Dong Yuan. The Xuanhe huapu (‘Xuanhe collection of painting’; compiled before 1119), a catalogue of Emperor Huizong’s collection, lists 136 works ascribed to Juran, indicating the high regard in which he was held. These include six sets of six panels, four sets of four panels, eight triptychs and twelve double panels. Panels were hung side by side or mounted as screens to create a broad, and in the case of six-panel series, horizontal panorama. The Xuanhe huapu also describes many of the motifs used in Juran’s works: Besides pinnacled ranges, mountain caverns, between wooded glens in his landscapes, he painted pebbles, pines and cedars, bamboo, rushes and grasses in mutual correspondence. With lonely streams and narrow paths, bamboo fences and thatched huts, broken bridges and precarious plank roads, his paintings exude the flavour of real mountain scenery. Some people say that his substantive style is soft and weak. This is not so. The ancients used to say, ‘[A painting that has] secluded places in which one can live, level areas where one can roam, nature-made places that amaze one, sheer drops and precipitous cliffs that frighten one, is truly a good painting.’ While Juran’s work is fine and fragmented, its spirit is rather like this … his painting of water, with crashing waves and billowing foam, causes people’s hair to stand on end, with the smoke and clouds transforming right before our eyes. The importance of Juran in Chinese painting since the early 12th century cannot be overestimated. Mi Fu extolled Juran and Dong Yuan’s unassertive style of misty southern hills and condemned the work of almost every other artist. In particular, he criticized the vigorous representation of hoary northern mountains with angular, granite crags as vulgar and extravagantly attention-seeking. Mi also initiated, with mixed emotions, a reverence for Li cheng, who used ink sparingly, ‘as if it were gold’. Early writers’ references to Li Cheng’s sparing use of ink and Juran’s adoption of Li Cheng’s style, and to reconstructions of Mi Fu’s own works, suggest that Mi promoted a rather amorphous style of painting, relying on dextrous use of graded ink wash, sometimes extremely pale, deployed over large areas of the painting surface. Subsequent scholar–gentry criticism tended to follow suit and extol the southern Dong–Ju and Li–Guo (Li Cheng and Guo Xi) styles. In the Yuan period (1279–1368) scholar–amateur painters, notably the Four Masters of the Yuan—Huang Gongwang, Ni Zan, Wu Zhen and Wang Meng—followed the Dong–Ju style as perceived through attributed works. An important feature was the ‘hemp-fibre stroke’ ( pima cun) used for texture modelling, moistened with graded ink wash to accentuate light and dark. By the 14th century, a limited vocabulary of tree groupings and mountain forms had become established as the Dong–Ju mode. Many unsigned attributions to Juran in the National Palace Museum, Taipei, feature the ‘hemp-fibre stroke’, as finalized in the Yuan, notably Xiao Yi zhuan ‘Lanting xu’ (‘Xiao Yi steals [Wang Xizhi’s] “Orchid Pavilion Preface”’), a Yuan copy of a late Northern Song composition; Nangqin huaihe (‘Cherished companions: crane and lute’), a 14th-century accretion; Qiushan tu (‘Autumn mountains’), a 15th-century close copy of a Yuan composition; and Qiushan wendao (‘Asking the way in autumn mountains’), a 15th-century accretion. Two earlier attributions from the late 11th to early 12th centuries are Cengyan congshu (‘Layered peaks and clumps of woods’; untraced) and Qishan lanruo (‘Buddhist retreat by stream and mountain’; see fig.), the latter a title given in the Xuanhe huapu as a six-panel panorama. These works feature a less clearly defined ‘hemp-fibre stroke’ and less schematized mountain contours and echo woods and trees, reminiscent of those mentioned by early writers in connection with Juran, and alum-heads as described by Mi Fu. Using moist, pale ink wash in lieu of linear ‘hemp-fibre stroke’ modelling, they represent an earlier stage in the evolution of the Juran tradition. The dramatic contrast in light and shade and disappearance into mist are typical of early Northern Song rendering. --DOA", +"date": "active ca. 960 - 980", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JutokusaiTachibanaHogyoku", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Jutokusai, Tachibana Hogyoku", +"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KKFachschuleHaida", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "K. K. Fachschule Haida", +"comment": "Roder, Sabine, Gerhard Storck, and Michael Fehr; Deutsches Museum fur Kunst in Handel und Gewerbe, 1909-1919, Antwerp: Pandora, 1997. Glass manufacturer", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KMSeifertandCo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "K. M. Seifert & Co.", +"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999;. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KOS", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "K.O.S.", +"comment": "American century : art & culture. New York : Whitney Museum of American Art in association with W.W. Norton, c1999. vol. 2.. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/kmarchitektur", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "k_m.architektur", +"comment": "Roth, Manuela; Ecological Living, Kempen: teNeus Verlag, 2009. German architectural firm", +"date": "active ca. 1996-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KabukidoEnkyo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kabukido, Enkyo", +"comment": "Kobayashi, Tadashi, Taishu Komatsu and Shugu Asano; Ukiyoe, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. Japanese Ukiyo-e Printmaker", +"date": "1749-1803", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KacEduardo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kac, Eduardo", +"comment": "Heartney, Eleanor; Art & Today, New York: Phaidon Press, Inc., 2008. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KacosJeff", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kacos, Jeff", +"comment": "Rutz, Miriam Easton; Public Gardens of Michigan, East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2002. American landscape architect", +"date": "active 1990s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KagamiKozo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kagami, Kozo", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Traveled to Germany to study the techniques of making and decorating crystal glass at the National Stuttgart School of Arts and Crafts. His mentor was the renowned glass artist Wilhelm von Eiff.", +"date": "1896-1985", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KahnGus", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kahn, Gus", +"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KaiganiHaidaartist", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kaigani Haida artist", +"comment": "MacDonald, George F.; Haida Art, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1996. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KaigetsudoAnchi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kaigetsudo, Anchi", +"comment": "Hiller, J.; Japanese Colour Prints, Third Edition, Second Impression, London: Phaidon Press Ltd., 1993 (0714827215). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KaigetsudōDoshin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kaigetsudō, Doshin", +"comment": "Stern, Harold; Master Prints of Japan: Ukiyo-e Hanga, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1969 (?). ", +"date": "1700-1716", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KaihoYusetsu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kaiho, Yusetsu", +"comment": "Kobayashi, Tadashi and Hiroyuki Kano; Kano-ha to fuzokuga, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. ", +"date": "first half 17th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KaitoHS", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kaito, H.S.", +"comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. ", +"date": "second quarter 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kajikawa", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kajikawa", +"comment": "Kobayashi, Tadashi, Taishu Komatsu and Shugu Asano; Ukiyoe, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. The Kajikawa family, who were principally known for inrō, were official lacquerers to the shogun. Lacquerwork associated with the Kajikawa varies in quality, and individual attributions are difficult because most members of the family used the same seal. ", +"date": "active Edo Period", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KajikawaYoshio", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kajikawa, Yoshio", +"comment": "Kanada, Margaret Miller; Color Woodblock Printmaking: The Traditional Method of Ukiyo-e, Fourth Printing, Tokyo: Shufunotomo Co., Ltd., 1989 (4079753160). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KakoRyoji", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kako, Ryoji", +"comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. ", +"date": "1888-1976", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KakyoSuieido", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kakyo, Suieido", +"comment": "Narazaki, Muneshige; Ukiyo-e Masterpieces in European Collections v.12, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1988. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KallmeyerFriedrich", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kallmeyer, Friedrich", +"comment": "Kähler, Gert; Path of Modernism: Architecture, 1900-1930, Berlin: Jovis, 2009. German master builder, active in Halle/Saale.", +"date": "1853-1929", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KalmarBert", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kalmar, Bert", +"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KamalMuhammad", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kamal Muhammad", +"comment": "Metropolitan Museum of Art; Islamic World, Tokyo: Dai Nippon Printing Co., 1987. ", +"date": "active ca. 1680", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KamisakaSekka", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kamisaka, Sekka", +"comment": "Newland, Amy Reigle; Hotei Encyclopedia of Japanese Woodblock Prints, Amsterdam: Hotei Publishing, 2005. ", +"date": "1866-1942", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KamonoNobutoki", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kamo no Nobutoki", +"comment": "Mizuno, Keizaburō, Yoshiaki Kudō, and Hisao Miyake; Unkei to Kaikei : Kamakura no kenchiku, chōkoku, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KamoNobutoki", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kamo, Nobutoki", +"comment": "Mizuno, Keizaburō, Yoshiaki Kudō, and Hisao Miyake; Unkei to Kaikei : Kamakura no kenchiku, chōkoku, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", +"date": "active 1271", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KanXuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kan, Xuan", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Xuan Cheng, Anhui Province; graduated from Shejiang Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou; lives in Amsterdam.", +"date": "b. 1972", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KangNing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kang, Ning", +"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Jiangan county, Sichuan province", +"date": "born 1950", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kangakushinso", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kangakushinso", +"comment": "Zaigai Nihon no shihō (Japanese Art: Selections from Western Collections) v.3, Tokyo: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1979. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KangxiEmperor", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kangxi, Emperor", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art, Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13. Alt. Name: Shengzu r. 1661-1722 Grandfather of Qianlong Emperor, father of Yongsheng Emperor.", +"date": "1661-1722", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KanishkaIKushanKing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kanishka I, Kushan King", +"comment": "Errington, Elizabeth and Joe Cribb; Crossroads of Asia: Transformation in Image and Symbol in the Art of Ancient Afghanistan and Pakistan, Cambridge: Ancient India and Iran Trust, 1992. Kanishka era dates are controversial and the source of much contested scholarship to this day", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KanneIHerman", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kanne, I. Herman", +"comment": "UO VRC Mounted Photographs Collection. ", +"date": "active ca. 1930", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KanoIkkei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kano, Ikkei", +"comment": "Onishi, Hiroshi, Takemitsu Oba and Sondra Castile; Immortals and Sages: Paintings from Ryoanji Temple, Reprint, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1993. 3rd generation of the Kano School", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KanoJinnojo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kano, Jinnojo", +"comment": "Tsuji, Nobuo, Motoaki Kono, Yoshiaki Yabe; Eitoku to Shobyoga, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", +"date": "1614", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KanoNaganobu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kano, Naganobu", +"comment": "Hickman, Money L. et al.; Japan's Golden Age: Momoyama, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KanoNaizen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kano, Naizen", +"comment": "Hickman, Money L. et al.; Japan's Golden Age: Momoyama, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KanoSeisenin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kano, Seisen'in", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1796 -1846", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KanoShuboku", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kano, Shuboku", +"comment": "Morse, Anne Nishimura; Drama and Desire: Japanese Paintings from the Floating World, 1690-1850, Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 2007. ", +"date": "unknown", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KanoTakanobu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kano, Takanobu", +"comment": "Onishi, Hiroshi, Takemitsu Oba and Sondra Castile; Immortals and Sages: Paintings from Ryoanji Temple, Reprint, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1993. son of Kano Eitoku", +"date": "1571-1618", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KanseihachitatsushotoUnchoga", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kansei hachi tatsu shoto Uncho ga", +"comment": "Murase, Miyeko; Bridge of Dreams: The Mary Griggs Burke Collection of Japanese Art, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kantei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kantei", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Kantei is thought to have been a priest attached to the Tōshōdai-ji temple in Nara and possibly to have been a disciple of the famous monochrome landscape artist Shūbun.", +"date": "late Muromachi period", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KaoruIzima", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kaoru, Izima", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Born in Kyoto in 1954. Lives and works in Tokyo.", +"date": "born 1954", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KaplanFred", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kaplan, Fred", +"comment": "Blatt, Burton and Fred Kaplan; Christmas in Purgatory: A Photographic Essay on Mental Retardation, Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1966. freelance photographer", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KarakashevVilenSurenovich", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Karakashev, Vilen Surenovich", +"comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. ", +"date": "active 1971", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KareSusan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kare, Susan", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. may or may not be Susan D. Kare LC n 87138860", +"date": "born 1954", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KarlssonKarl", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Karlsson, Karl", +"comment": "Wildman, Stephen and John Christian; Edward Burne-Jones: Victorian Artist-Dreamer, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, distributed by Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1998. ", +"date": "active 1903-1905", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KarpovStepan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Karpov, Stepan", +"comment": "Groys, Boris and Max Hollein; Dream factory communism : the visual culture of the Stalin era, Frankfurt: Schirn Kunsthalle Frankfurt, 2003. One of the organizers of the Union of Fine Artists and Painters", +"date": "1890-1929", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KarpovaAG", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Karpova, A. G.", +"comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", +"date": "1911-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KarpovaAI", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Karpova, A. I.", +"comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", +"date": "1910-1983", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KarpovaEI", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Karpova, E. I.", +"comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", +"date": "1912-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KasamatsuShirō", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kasamatsu, Shirō", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1898 - 1991", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KashaniMaqsudi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kashani, Maqsud-i", +"comment": "Piotrovsky, M.B. and Rogers, J.M., eds.; Heaven On Earth: Art from Islamic Lands: Works from The State Hermitage Museum and the Khalili Collection, New York: Prestel Publishing, 2004. Signature of artist attached to a collection of carpets known as "Ardabil carpets."", +"date": "1535-1536", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KataokaToshiro", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kataoka, Toshiro", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1882-1945", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KatoKumakichi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kato, Kumakichi", +"comment": "Ono, Masaaki and Katsuhiko Mizuno; Hidden Gardens of Kyoto, English language edition, Tokyo: Kodansha International, 2004. Japanese garden designer", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KatsuJagyoku", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Katsu, Jagyoku", +"comment": "Murase, Miyeko; Masterpieces of Japanese Screen Painting, New York: George Braziller, Inc., 1990. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KatsuShunsho", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Katsu, Shunsho", +"comment": "Murase, Miyeko; Bridge of Dreams: The Mary Griggs Burke Collection of Japanese Art, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KatsukawaShungyo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Katsukawa, Shungyo", +"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", +"date": "fl. 1789-1831", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KatsukawaShunrin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Katsukawa, Shunrin", +"comment": "Morse, Anne Nishimura; Drama and Desire: Japanese Paintings from the Floating World, 1690-1850, Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 2007. ", +"date": "fl. 1781-1801", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KatsukawaShunsen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Katsukawa, Shunsen", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1762-1830", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KatsukawaShunshoII", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Katsukawa, Shunsho II", +"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", +"date": "fl. 1804-1844", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KatsukawaShunyo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Katsukawa, Shun'yo", +"comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. Ukiyo-e printmaker; pupil of Katsukawa Shun'ei", +"date": "active ca. 1818-1830", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KatsukawaShunzan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Katsukawa, Shunzan", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "fl. ca.1782-1798", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KatsumuraTerunobu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Katsumura, Terunobu", +"comment": "Smith, Lawrence; Ukiyoe: Images of Unknown Japan, London: British Museum Publications, Ltd., 1988. ", +"date": "fl. ca. 1716- 1736", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KatsushikaHokuitsu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Katsushika, Hokuitsu", +"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", +"date": "fl. 1804-1830", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KatsushikaHokuun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Katsushika, Hokuun", +"comment": "Meech, Julia and Jane Oliver; Designed for Pleasure: The World of Edo Japan in Prints and Paintings, 1680-1860, New York; Seattle: Asia Society; University of Washington Press, 2008. ", +"date": "1804-1844", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KatsushikaTatsujo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Katsushika, Tatsujo", +"comment": "Meech, Julia and Jane Oliver; Designed for Pleasure: The World of Edo Japan in Prints and Paintings, 1680-1860, New York; Seattle: Asia Society; University of Washington Press, 2008. Daughter of Katsushika Hokusai", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KaufmanCharles", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kaufman, Charles", +"comment": "UO VRC Mounted Photographs Collection. American architect", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KaushinisVitautas", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kaushinis, Vitautas", +"comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. ", +"date": "active 1982", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KawadaKikuji", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kawada, Kikuji", +"comment": "Szarkowski, John and Shoji Yamagishi; New Japanese Photography, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1974. ", +"date": "born 1933", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KawaguchiY", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kawaguchi, Y.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KawamataTsunemasa", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kawamata, Tsunemasa", +"comment": "Morse, Anne Nishimura; Drama and Desire: Japanese Paintings from the Floating World, 1690-1850, Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 2007. ", +"date": "fl. 1716-1764", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KawamataTsuneyuki", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kawamata, Tsuneyuki", +"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", +"date": "fl. 1716-1744", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KawamotoRyoichi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kawamoto, Ryoichi", +"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KawamuraIzo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kawamura, Izo", +"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KawanobeItcho", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kawanobe, Itcho", +"comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", +"date": "1830-1910", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KeJiusi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ke, Jiusi", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). k27j35s55 Alternate names: K'o Chiu-ssu, 柯九思 Yuan dynasty (b Tiantai, Zhejiang Province, 1290; d Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 1343). Chinese calligrapher, painter, connoisseur and collector. He was appointed connoisseur to the imperial art collection housed at the newly constructed Kuizhang Pavilion in Beijing in 1330, by the Yuan emperor Wenzong (reg 1330–32). He was given the title of Master Connoisseur of Calligraphy, and was responsible for the verification of all the painting and calligraphy that entered the collection. After the death of Wenzong in 1332, Ke retired to Suzhou, where he spent the rest of his life. Ke owned a large collection of painting and calligraphy and was often asked to authenticate works and write inscriptions. His calligraphy appears on paintings such as Lowland with Trees (handscroll, ink on paper, n.d.; New York, John M. Crawford jr priv. col.) attributed to Guo Xi, Early Autumn (handscroll, ink and colour on paper, 267×1020 mm, n.d.; Detroit, MI, Inst. A.) by Qian Xuan and one of the three genuine Tang copies of Wang Xizhi’s Orchid Pavilion Preface (Lanting xu; ad 353; see China, §IV, 2(ii)). He knew Yu Ji (1272–1348) and Zhao Mengfu personally; their inscriptions often appear next to his. Ke inscribed many of Zhao’s paintings, among them his Bamboo, Rocks and Lonely Orchids (handscroll, ink on paper, 505×1442 mm, n.d.; Cleveland, OH, Mus. A). The painting Duck by a Riverbank (hanging scroll, ink and colours on paper, 4.75×3.57 m, 1301; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) by Chen Lin ( fl c. 1300) is accompanied by comments written by Ke, Zhao and Qiu Yuan. Although Ke painted landscapes and ink flowers, he is best known for bamboo, which he modelled after the Song bamboo painter, Wen tong (see China, §V, 3(vi)). In this subject, too, he sometimes joined with a friend to paint: he collaborated with Ni Zan, for instance, on a painting of ink bamboo at the Beijing Palace Museum. Ke was best known as a calligrapher. He studied the Tang calligrapher Ouyang xun and his son Ouyang Tong (d ad 691), specializing, as they did, in regular (kaishu) and running (xingshu) scripts. Ke’s Palace Poems (n.d.; Princeton U., NJ, A. Mus.) shows the influence of his models, who emphasized the careful articulation of each movement of the brush. Ke appropriated and exaggerated certain mannerisms, such as the leftward curl of the brush on entrance to vertical strokes, and simplified others, as in the corner strokes, in which he tended to remove the shoulder produced by the brush as it turns and rests before coming down at a right angle. He delighted in contrasting thick strokes to others as fine as tendrils, so that the page seems to breathe in a waxing and waning movement. In the inscription to Guo Xi’s Lowland with Trees the calligraphy is less fanciful and more business-like. The same balance of characters and accuracy of technique are retained, but less attention is given to contrast of line, making the flow of characters smooth and purposeful. --DOA", +"date": "1290 - 1343", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KeaneTina", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Keane, Tina", +"comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", +"date": "active ca. 1974", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KearneyFrances", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kearney, Frances", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Born 1970, Norfolk UK. 1996-8 Masters in Fine Art Photography. Royal College of Art.", +"date": "born 1970", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KearnsTerry", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kearns, Terry", +"comment": "Brooks, Chris; Gothic Revival, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 1999. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KearsleyJohn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kearsley, John", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. gentleman amateur -architect who settled in Philadelphia in 1717.", +"date": "first half of the 18th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KeelerCharlesA", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Keeler, Charles A.", +"comment": "Smith, Bruce and Yoshiko Yamamoto. The Beautiful Necessity : Decorating with Arts & Crafts. Salt Lake City : Gibbs Smith, 1996. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KeijiGoto", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Keiji, Goto", +"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KeinholzEdward", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Keinholz, Edward", +"comment": "Fineberg, Jonathan. Art since 1940 : strategies of being. New York : Prentice Hall : H.N. Abrams, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KeisaiEisen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Keisai, Eisen", +"comment": "Kobayashi, Tadashi, Taishu Komatsu and Shugu Asano; Ukiyoe, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", +"date": "1790-1848", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KélerKarlvon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kéler, Karl von", +"comment": "Der Architekt, vol. 5. ", +"date": "active late 19th century-early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KellBrothersLithographers", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kell Brothers, Lithographers", +"comment": "Leboff, David and Tim Demuth; No Need to Ask! Early Maps of London's Underground Railways, Middlesex: Capital Transport Publishing, 1999. Printing and publishing firm on Castle Street, Holborn, London, producer of railway maps", +"date": "active second half of 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KellerAr", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Keller, Ar", +"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KellyWilliam", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kelly, William", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "mid-19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KelpraStudioLimited", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kelpra Studio Limited", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. London", +"date": "1958-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KendallDavidWolcott", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kendall, David Wolcott", +"comment": "Kaplan, Wendy; 'The Art That is Life': The Arts and Crafts Movement in America, 1875-1920, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1987. Designer and draftsman for Phoenix Furniture Company (Grand Rapid, MI) from 1979-1910.", +"date": "1851-1910", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KendallHeatonAssociates", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kendall/Heaton Associates", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "est. 1978", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KendrickGeorgePrentiss", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kendrick, George Prentiss", +"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. ", +"date": "1850-1919", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KennedyAssociatesArchitects", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kennedy Associates Architects", +"comment": "Roth, Manuela; Ecological Living, Kempen: teNeus Verlag, 2009. Australian architecture firm", +"date": "active ca. 1995-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KennedyDonald", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kennedy, Donald", +"comment": "Carlson, Peter and William Wilson; Manstyle: The GQ Guide to Fashion, Fitness, and Grooming, New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc., Publishers, 1977. Fashion photographer", +"date": "active ca. 1980", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KeppleFred", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kepple, Fred", +"comment": "Name used by John Reynolds, architect, Eugene, Oregon. ", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KernochanMarshallR", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kernochan, Marshall R.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KesslerEve", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kessler, Eve", +"comment": "Cohen, Joyce Tenneson; In/Sights: Self Portraits by Women, Boston: David R. Godine Publisher, 1978. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KeswickSchoolofIndustrialArt", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Keswick School of Industrial Art", +"comment": "Calloway, Stephen; House of Liberty: Masters of Style and Decoration, London: Thames and Hudson, 1992. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KetterhowenF", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ketterhowen, F.", +"comment": "Perret, Louis and Léon Renier; Catacombes de Rome: Architecture, peintures murales, lampes, vases, pierres précieuses gravées, instruments, objets divers, fragments de vases en verre doré, inscriptions, figures et symboles gravés sur pierre, Vol. 3, Paris: Gide et J. Baudry, 1851. Parisian lithographer", +"date": "active mid 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KeyLievende", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Key, Lieven de", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Famous architect in the Netherlands who became city architect of Haarlem in 1592.", +"date": "1560-1627", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KeyserBill", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Keyser, Bill", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Slide info", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KhalipIakovNikolaevich", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Khalip, Iakov Nikolaevich", +"comment": "Vartanov, Anri Surenovich, et al.; Antologiia sovetskoĭ fotografii, t. 1, Moskva: Izd-vo "Planeta", 1986. ", +"date": "1908-1980", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KhandanSultanMuhammad", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Khandan, Sultan-Muhammad", +"comment": "Simpson, Marianna Shreve; Sultan Ibrahim Mirza's Haft Awrang: A Princely Manuscript from Sixteenth-Century Iran, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997. calligrapher", +"date": "active early 16th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KhayyamMuhammad", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Khayyam, Muhammad", +"comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. ", +"date": "ca. 1425-1450", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KhwajuKirmani", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Khwaju Kirmani", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. poet", +"date": "1290-1352", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kieishi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kiei-shi", +"comment": "Mizuno, Keizaburō, Hideo Okada, and Kazuharu Asai; Tōdaiji to Heijōkyō : Nara no kenchiku, chōkoku, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1990 (4061964046). ", +"date": "ca. 752", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kikukei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kikukei", +"comment": "Toda, Teisuke and Toshio Ebine; Suibokuga to Chusei Emaki, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992 . ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KilbornWhitneyandCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kilborn Whitney & Company", +"comment": "Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute; Masterpieces of American furniture from the Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, NY: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1999. ", +"date": "active 1876-1896", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KilbyTim", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kilby, Tim", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. photographer", +"date": "1947-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KilianBrothers", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kilian Brothers", +"comment": "Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute; Masterpieces of American furniture from the Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, NY: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1999. ", +"date": "1856-ca. 1920", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KilpinLtd", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kilpin Ltd.", +"comment": "Benton, Charlotte, Tim Benton and Ghislaine Wood; Art Deco 1910-1939, Boston: Bulfinch Press, 2003. ", +"date": "active ca. 1925", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KimDuksin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kim, Duksin", +"comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Korean painter in the Chosen period.", +"date": "1754-1822", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KimDuryang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kim, Du-ryang", +"comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Kim Du-ryang (1696–1763) was a painter of the mid Joseon period. He was born as son of Kim Hyogyeong, a Hwawon (royal court painter). Kim Duryang also followed his father's career as entered royal service as a member of the Dohwaseo, the official painters of the Joseon court. He was good at almost all over genre in paintings such as muninhwa (painting in the literal artistic style, sansuhwa (landscape painting), yeongmohwa (animal-and-bird painting), inmuhwa (portrait painting).", +"date": "1696–1763", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KimHyonSong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kim, Hyon-Song", +"comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. (b Kimhae, South Kyongsang Province, 1542; d 1621). Korean calligrapher and scholar–official. He passed the civil service examination in 1564 and later served as a court official in charge of writing official documents. He was well known for his Neo-Confucian scholarship and for his poetry. Although he was esteemed as a calligrapher, his achievements are said to have been overshadowed during his lifetime by those of his more famous contemporary, Han Ho. Kim was commissioned to write many important stelae, including the Memorial Stele for the Victory of General Yi Sun-sin in Yosu, South Cholla Province. He has often been compared to such famous calligraphers as Kim Saeng of the Unified Silla period or Yi Yong of the early Choson period. He worked mainly in the style of Zhao Mengfu, which had been the dominant trend since its introduction to Korea from China during the late Koryo period (918–1392) but which was eschewed by his contemporaries, who sought instead to emulate Wang Xizhi (see KOREA, §V, 4 and 5 , for a fuller discussion of the contending influences of these two Chinese masters). Kim Hyon-song’s insistence on the Zhao Mengfu style suggests his conservatism and orthodoxy. The Poem for Yun Ch’om-ch’u (1604; see Im Ch’ang-sun, pl. 80) is written in running-cursive script and displays the freedom and elegance of his mature style. This work suggests that although he followed the style of Zhao Mengfu he was confident enough to depart from it: some of the characters in this poem show a greater degree of modulation and a greater variety in the thickness of the strokes. ", +"date": "1542-1621", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KimJe", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kim, Je", +"comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Famous Korean painter in the Chosen period.", +"date": "1524-1593", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KimJeonghui", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kim, Jeong-hui", +"comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Kim Jeong-hui (1786-1856) was a prominent Korean civil minister, Silhak scholar, and calligrapher. He invented his own style of calligraphy called, "chusache", based on ancient Korean monumental inscriptions.", +"date": "1786-1856", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KimbelandCabus", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kimbel and Cabus", +"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. precursor of A. Kimbel and Sons", +"date": "1863-1882", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KimberleyJessica", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kimberley, Jessica", +"comment": "Chueca, Pilar; Sustainable Homes, Barcelona: Links, 2009. American architect based in Los Angeles, CA.", +"date": "active ca. 1995-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KimuraHisaoE", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kimura, Hisao E.", +"comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. ", +"date": "1902-1975", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KimuraRitsugaku", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kimura, Ritsugaku", +"comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", +"date": "1827-1890", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KimuraShohachi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kimura, Shohachi", +"comment": "Takashina, Shuji, Tetsuro Kagesato and Hideo Tanaka; Yōga to Nihonga, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. ", +"date": "1893-1958", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KingGongmin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "King Gongmin", +"comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. King Gongmin (1330–1374) ruled Goryeo Dynasty Korea from 1351 until 1374. He was the second son of King Chungsuk. In addition to his various Korean names (see right), he bore the Mongolian name Bayàn Temür (伯顔帖木兒).", +"date": "1330–1374", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KingDavidIII", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "King, David III", +"comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. ", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KingJ", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "King, J.", +"comment": "Lee, Molly and Gregory A. Reinhardt; Eskimo Architecture: Dwelling and Structure in the Early Historic Period, Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press and University of Alaska Museum, 2003. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KinneyDeborah", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kinney, Deborah", +"comment": "Rutz, Miriam Easton; Public Gardens of Michigan, East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2002. American landscape architect", +"date": "active 1990s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KinsarvikLars", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kinsarvik, Lars", +"comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. ", +"date": "1846-1925", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KippKarl", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kipp, Karl", +"comment": "Blakesley, Rosalind; Arts and Crafts Movement, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2006. Designer and metalworker for Roycroft Shop during the Arts and Crafts Movement ", +"date": "active 1908-1931", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KipsAlexander", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kips, Alexander", +"comment": "Deutsches Historisches Museum; Kunst! Kommerz! Visionen!: Deutsche Plakate, 1888-1933, Heidelberg: Edition Braus, 1992. ", +"date": "1858-1910", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KirbyJoseph", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kirby, Joseph", +"comment": "Hinnebusch, William A.; Early English Friars Preachers, Romae: Ad S. Sabinae, 1951. engraver", +"date": "active mid 18th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KirbyRichard", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kirby, Richard", +"comment": "http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk. ", +"date": "active 1567-1577", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KirchbachFritzGottfried", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kirchbach, Fritz Gottfried", +"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", +"date": "1888-1942", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KirchnerAthanasius", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kirchner, Athanasius", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. German Jesuit scholar. Published Ars Magnesia, 1931. ", +"date": "born 1602", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KiritsuKoshoKaisha", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kiritsu, Kosho Kaisha", +"comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. 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Pacific-Northwest architect, worked in Seattle", +"date": "1914-1995", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KirkSamuel", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kirk, Samuel", +"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. 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Contemporary French architect", +"date": "active ca. 1990-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KohlmannEtienne", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kohlmann, Etienne", +"comment": "Brunhammer, Yvonne and Suzanne Tise; Decorative Arts in France, 1900-1942, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1990. ", +"date": "1930s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KohnPedersonFoxAssociates", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kohn Pederson Fox Associates", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. also known by the acronym KFP; established by Eugene Kohn, William Pederson and Sheldon Fox; firm was joined by fourth principal, Patricia Conway", +"date": "established 1976", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KoikeKyo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Koike, Kyo", +"comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. b. Japan. Medical doctor, translator, poet and photographer in the Seattle area", +"date": "1878-1947", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KokeiSochin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kokei, Sochin", +"comment": "Hickman, Money L. et al.; Japan's Golden Age: Momoyama, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KokeisaiSansho", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kokeisai, Sansho", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1871-1936", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KōkinteiBanzan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kōkintei, Banzan", +"comment": "Keyes, Roger S.; Art of Surimono: Privately Published Japanese Woodblock Prints and Books in the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin, vol.1, London: Philip Wilson for Sotheby Publications, 1985. ", +"date": "active mid-1820s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KokurinZR", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kokurin, Z. R.", +"comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", +"date": "1906-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kokusai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kokusai", +"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. Was a genius and master carver whose artistic inventiveness transformed the difficult medium of stag antler into gems of whimsy and humor artfully distorted into an inimitable style that was named after him Koku-bori (Kokusai style). Kokusai, in the late 19th century, was an entertainer in the Asakusa (common people area) of Tokyo.", +"date": "19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KolodziejskiCindy", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kolodziejski, Cindy", +"comment": "Vecchio, Mark Del; Postmodern Ceramics, New York: Thames and Hudson, 2001. ", +"date": "born 1962", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KomaKanya", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Koma, Kanya", +"comment": "Singer, Robert T. et al.; Edo: Art in Japan 1615-1868, Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1998. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KomaKyuhaku", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Koma, Kyuhaku", +"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", +"date": "18th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KomárovFoundry", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Komárov Foundry", +"comment": "Rak, Jiri, Radim Vondracek and Clauda Terenzi; Biedermeier: Art and Culture in Central Europe, 1815-1848, Milan, New York: Skira Editore, Rizzoli International, 2001. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KomminosofMytilene", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Komminos of Mytilene", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active 1809-1810", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KondoDoe", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kondo, Doe", +"comment": "Tsuji, Nobuo, Kiyoshi Hirai, and Yoshiaki Yabe; Shiro to chashitsu, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. See work record: 4800", +"date": "early 17th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KondōHidezō", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kondō, Hidezō", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. manga artist", +"date": "1908 - 1979", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KondoKatsunobu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kondo, Katsunobu", +"comment": "Asian Art Photographic Distribution; 300 Years of Japanese Painting. ", +"date": "1716-1735", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KondoKiyoharu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kondo, Kiyoharu", +"comment": "Newland, Amy Reigle; Hotei Encyclopedia of Japanese Woodblock Prints, Amsterdam: Hotei Publishing, 2005. ", +"date": "1704-1736", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KonoMichisei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kono, Michisei", +"comment": "Takashina, Shuji, Tetsuro Kagesato and Hideo Tanaka; Yōga to Nihonga, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. ", +"date": "1895-1950", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KoopmanCaia", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Koopman, Caia", +"comment": "Gastman, Roger, Zio Fulcher and Jamie Rivadeneira; Hello Kitty, Hello Art!, New York: Abrams, 2012. Active late 1980s- present", +"date": "Late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Korniienko", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Korniienko", +"comment": "Reeder, Ellen; Scythian Gold: Treasures from Ancient Ukraine, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1999. illustrator", +"date": "late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KorniushinVictor", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Korniushin, Victor", +"comment": "Kelly, Rosanna; Russia, London: Flint River, 1994. photographer", +"date": "active 1996", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KorqInc", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Korq Inc.", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 155 E 56th St., 3rd Fl., New York, NY, United States", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KorteknieStuhlmacherArchitecten", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Korteknie Stuhlmacher Architecten", +"comment": "Stang, Alanna and Christopher Hawthorne; Green House: New Directions in Sustainable Architecture, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2005. Netherlandish architectural firm", +"date": "active 2001-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KoshikajitsuBoShinensha", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Koshi kajitsu Bo Shin'en sha", +"comment": "Murase, Miyeko; Bridge of Dreams: The Mary Griggs Burke Collection of Japanese Art, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Koshun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Koshun", +"comment": "Toda, Teisuke and Ryūsuke Asami; Zenshū jiin to teien : Nanbokuchō, Muromachi no kenchiku chōkoku kōgei, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu , Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. Kōshun ( fl 1315–69), a sixth-generation descendant, was active towards the end of the Kamakura period and into the Muromachi period", +"date": "1315-1369", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KosolapovAlexander", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kosolapov, Alexander", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Russian sculptor and painter, active in the United States since 1975", +"date": "b. 1943", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KossDenshinaEI", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Koss-Denshina, E. I.", +"comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", +"date": "1901-1979", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KostrovPI", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kostrov, P. I.", +"comment": "Belenitski, A. M. and B. I. Marshak; L'art de Piandjikent a la lumiere des dernieres fouilles, Arts Asiatique, vol. 23. ", +"date": "active ca. 1970", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KotchikGeorgeC", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kotchik, George C.", +"comment": "UO AAA Library Architectural Drawing Collection. UO architecture student 1920s-30s", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KotrbeletzSylvestr", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kotrbeletz, Sylvestr", +"comment": "Rak, Jiri, Radim Vondracek and Clauda Terenzi; Biedermeier: Art and Culture in Central Europe, 1815-1848, Milan, New York: Skira Editore, Rizzoli International, 2001. clockmaker", +"date": "active 1830s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KoyamaTaigetsu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Koyama, Taigetsu", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1891-1946", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Koyo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Koyo", +"comment": "Toda, Teisuke and Ryūsuke Asami; Zenshū jiin to teien : Nanbokuchō, Muromachi no kenchiku chōkoku kōgei, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu , Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. Kōyo ( fl 1326–46), who called himself a fifth-generation descendant of Unkei, was active towards the end of the Kamakura period and into the Muromachi period", +"date": "1326-1346", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KozeljMarinella", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kozelj, Marinella", +"comment": "Schimmel, Paul. Out of Actions: Between Performance the the Object, 1949-1979. Los Angeles, Calif. : The Museum of Contemporary Art New York : Thames and Hudson, 1998. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KozinMY", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kozin, M. Y.", +"comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", +"date": "active 1960s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KozinaNV", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kozina, N. V.", +"comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", +"date": "active 1960s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KozlovEngelsVasilyevich", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kozlov, Engels Vasilyevich", +"comment": "State Russian Museum; Times of change : art in the Soviet Union 1960-1985, Bad Breisig: Palace Editions, 2006. ", +"date": "1926-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KraftCaspar", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kraft, Caspar", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active early 16th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KraftJames", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kraft, James", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KramerWilliamRabbi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kramer, William, Rabbi", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KrasnoyarovTF", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Krasnoyarov, T. F.", +"comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. toy maker", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KrauseGeorge", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Krause, George", +"comment": "http://georgekrause.com/about.php. ", +"date": "born 1937", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KrauseRolf", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Krause, Rolf", +"comment": "Hattstein, Markus and Peter Delius; Islam: Art and Architecture, Cologne: Könemann, 2000. Cartographer from Essen", +"date": "active 2000", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KrautHans", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kraut, Hans", +"comment": "Coutts, Howard; Art of Ceramics: European Ceramic Design, 1500-1830, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001. ", +"date": "active ca. 1540-1560", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KrehanMax", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Krehan, Max", +"comment": "Gerhard Marcks, 1889-1981: Retrospective, Munich: Hirmer Verlag, 1989. ", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KrenitskyTom", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Krenitsky, Tom", +"comment": "Otis, Denise; Grounds for Pleasure: Four Centuries of the American Garden, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2002. ", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KrierLon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Krier, Lon", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KrischenF", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Krischen, F.", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. author of works on Priene. info from Worldcat", +"date": "active 1930s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KroehlerManufacturingCo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kroehler Manufacturing Co.", +"comment": "Hanks, David A. and Jennifer Toher; Donald Deskey: Decorative Designs and Interiors, New York: E.P. Dutton, 1987. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KrokerMel", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kroker, Mel", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KruleBernard", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Krule, Bernard", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KrumbeinJustusF", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Krumbein, Justus F.", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Hamburg, Germany; emigrated to the United States in 1869; worked in Portland, Oregon", +"date": "1847-1907", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KrummTheodor", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Krumm, Theodor", +"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. Ravensburg", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KubanekStephanie", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kubanek, Stephanie", +"comment": "Albrecht, Donald, Ellen Lupton, and Steven Skov Holt; Design culture now : National Design Triennial , New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KubotaFujitaro", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kubota, Fujitaro", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Self-taught gardener and creator of the Seattle Japanese-style garden that bears his name", +"date": "1879-1973", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KudlessAndrew", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kudless, Andrew", +"comment": "Hensel, Michael and Achim Menges, eds.; Morpho-ecologies, London: Architectural Assocation, 2006. ", +"date": "active 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KudriashovaKlacdiiaAndreevna", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kudriashova, Klacdiia Andreevna", +"comment": "Snezhko, N. G. ‪(‬Nina Grigorʹevna‪); Russkie sovetskie pisateli : komplekt portretov, Kiev: Izd-vo "Mystetstvo", 1977. ", +"date": "active 1977", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KumChikeung", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kum, Chi-keung", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born and resides in Hong Kong; studied at First Institute of Art and Design, Hong Kong, 1991.", +"date": "born 1965", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KumashiroShuko", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kumashiro, Shuko", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. student of Shen Nanpin, eventually changed his name to Yuhi", +"date": "1712-1772", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KumeSekkeiCoLtd", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kume Sekkei Co., Ltd.", +"comment": "New Look of Environmental Design For a Sustainable Environment and Society, Tokyo: Orange Book Co., Ltd., 2005. Japanese architecture firm.", +"date": "active early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KumiYamashita", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kumi, Yamashita", +"comment": "Kumi Yamashita (Documents Northwest series), Seattle: Seattle Art Museum, 1997. ", +"date": "1968-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kuncan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kuncan", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). k42c24 Alternate names: K'un-ts'an, 髡殘 Qing dynasty (b Changde, Hunan Province, 1612; d Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 1673). Chinese painter and Buddhist monk. He is known as one of the ‘Four Great Monk Painters’ of the early Qing dynasty (1644–1911), along with Shitao or Daoji, Zhu Da and Hongren, and as one of the greatest ‘Individualist’ painters of the 17th century (a group of artists that is always counterposed with the so-called ‘Orthodox’ painters of the 17th century). As a youth he studied the classics and prepared himself for the civil service examinations, at the same time becoming interested in painting and Buddhism. Inspired by a Confucian scholar in his home town who was also a Chan (Jap. Zen) Buddhist, Kuncan decided to dedicate his life to Chan Buddhism; in 1638, to show his determination, he shaved off his hair. Encouraged by his mentor, he travelled to the Jiangnan region, the area south of the Yangzi River, to seek further instruction in Buddhism. While in Nanjing, Kuncan was introduced to the teachings of the famous patriarch Zhuhong (1535–1615), who was noted for his enthusiasm for synthesizing the three doctrines of Buddhism, Confucianism and Daoism. Zhuhong’s philosophy became the guiding light for his life. When he returned to Hunan Province, Kuncan settled in Taoyuan County and, under further instruction from his mentor, attained a kind of spiritual enlightenment. During the turmoil caused by the invasion of the Manchu army and the establishment of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911) in 1644–5, Kuncan wandered deep into the countryside of the Taoyuan area, a region associated with the mythical Taohua yuan (Peach Blossom Spring), as described in the allegorical prose work written by Tao Yuanming in the 4th century ad. He stayed in the wilderness for three months, suffering considerable hardship. In 1654 he took up residence in the Dabaoen Temple in Nanjing where, under another noted monk, Juelang (1592–1659), he supervised the editing of a new edition of the Dazang jing, the Chinese Buddhist canon. He soon became acquainted with such distinguished scholars as Qian Qianyi (1582–1664) and Gu Yanwu (1613–82) and painters such as Cheng Zhengkui. The earliest extant paintings by Kuncan date from this period. In 1659, after becoming an official disciple of Juelang, he moved to the Youqi Temple on Mt Zutang, not far from Nanjing, where he lived, except for a few trips, for the rest of his life. An early journey was to the famous Mt Huang range in southern Anhui Province (c. 65 km north-west of She xian), known for its great scenic beauty and a subject of many contemporary paintings (see Anhui school). He remained there for more than a year, during which time he did many paintings of the local topography. Most of his dated works that survive are from the period 1660–63, the most productive of his artistic career. An extreme introvert who suffered from poor health, Kuncan had an idiosyncratic personality and seldom socialized with his contemporaries (some of whom were members of the Nanjing school). One exception was Cheng Zhengkui, who became his closest friend. They often visited each other and painted together, sometimes even collaborating on paintings. Cheng often invited Kuncan to view his collection of paintings and calligraphy and to discuss them together. Cheng had been strongly influenced by the theories and style of Dong Qichang, the connoisseur, painter, calligrapher and theorist who founded the Orthodox school of painting in the late Ming period (1368–1644), and doubtless brought some of Dong’s ideas to Kuncan. Kuncan’s painting style was inspired by such old masters as Juran, Huang Gongwang and Wang Meng. He was deeply interested in Wang Meng and developed his own style from Wang’s works. Critics have commented that Kuncan’s paintings, like Wang Meng’s, are full of life, vigorous, elaborate and colourful. His highly distinctive brushwork involved a dry-brush, crumbly brushstroke, quickly laid down in short staccato strokes that are interwoven into a dense, highly textured surface. Among the considerable number of his extant works are some that reflect his interest in depicting scenes he visited during his travels. Tiandu Peak (hanging scroll, paper, 1661; Beijing, Pal. Mus.) was one of many works inspired by his stay at Mt Huang. It shows the influence of 10th-century masters in its compositional use of a broad, open view. Another painting of the Mt Huang area, Thirty-six Peaks (hanging scroll, paper, 1663; Kansas City, MO, Nelson–Atkins Mus. A.), is a close-up view with the tightly knit composition that was also characteristic of Wang Meng. One of his best-known works is Baoen Temple (hanging scroll, paper, 1664; Kyoto, K. Sumitomo priv. col.), which depicts the temple in Nanjing where he spent almost ten years. An Album of Four Leaves Painted for Mr Qingzi [Cheng Zhengkui], painted from memory and based on scenes of Mt Huang, is one of his masterpieces. Of the four leaves in this album, two are in the British Museum, London, one in the Museum für Ostasiatische Kunst, Berlin (see fig.), and another at the Cleveland Museum of Art, OH. The compositions are all highly original, with dramatic movements and striking contrasts. They display the nervous energy evident in Wang Meng’s paintings but show a new sense of vision that is far from imitative. Kuncan also produced a number of figure paintings, mostly of Buddhist figures and monks, sometimes portraying himself as a Buddhist eccentric or a reincarnated saint. One of the most revealing paintings of this type was Monk Meditating in a Tree (untraced), in which he expressed his autobiographical views and experiences. In a long inscription typical of most of his works he wrote the following poem: ‘The question is how to find peace in a world of suffering. You ask why I came hither; I cannot tell the reason. I am living high up in a tree and looking down. Here I can rest free from all trouble like a bird in its nest. People call me a dangerous man, but I answer: “You are like devils”.’ (Translation Sirén, p. 147.) --DOA", +"date": "1612 - after 1692?", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KunishigeFrank", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kunishige, Frank", +"comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. Japanese born photographer active in the Seattle area.", +"date": "1878-1960", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KunitoraUtagawa", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kunitora, Utagawa", +"comment": "Name derived from a website. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KunstanstaltLautzandJsenbeck", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kunstanstalt, Lautz & Jsenbeck", +"comment": "Blakesley, Rosalind; Arts and Crafts Movement, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2006. Darmstadt", +"date": "active late 19th-early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KunstwebschuleScherrebek", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kunstwebschule Scherrebek", +"comment": "Gilmour, Pat; Hockney to Hodgkin: British Master Prints, 1960-1980, New Orleans: New Orleans Museum of Art , 1997. weaving arts school at Scherrebek, Germany", +"date": "1896-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KuoJenChang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kuo, Jen-Chang", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese painter considered a pioneer of Taiwanese contemporary art", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KuruMasamichi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kuru, Masamichi", +"comment": "Lancaster, Clay; Japanese Influence in America, New York: Walton H. Rawls, 1963. designer of the Japanese buildings assembled at the World Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1898.", +"date": "late 19th-early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KusolwongSurasi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kusolwong, Surasi", +"comment": "Heartney, Eleanor; Art & Today, New York: Phaidon Press, Inc., 2008. Kusolwong’s artistic practice includes installation and performance-based work and, since 1996, he has concocted variations on market settings where inexpensive, mass-produced, Thai-manufactured goods are sold for a nominal fee.", +"date": "b. 1965", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KyansitthaKingofBurma", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kyansittha, King of Burma", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. King of the Pagan dynasty of Burma from 1084-1112 who continued the social, economic and cultural reforms begun by his father, King Anawrahta.", +"date": "1030-1112", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KyokuteiBakin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Kyokutei, Bakin", +"comment": "Murase, Miyeko; Bridge of Dreams: The Mary Griggs Burke Collection of Japanese Art, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LandJGStickley", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "L. and J.G. Stickley", +"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. Also known as the Onondaga Shops until about 1910, Leopold and John Stickley modeled their company after their brother Gustav's Craftsman Workshops. It absorbed the bankrupt Craftsman Workshops in 1918 and suspended the Craftsman style in favor of colonial revival lines.", +"date": "1902-present", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LWellandReinhardt", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "L. Well & Reinhardt", +"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. Mannheim", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LaFuradelsBaus", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "La Fura dels Baus", +"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. International performance ground founded in Barcelona in 1979", +"date": "1979", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LaIndústriaLlinera", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "La Indústria Llinera", +"comment": "Robinson, William H, Jordi Falgàs, and Carmen Belen Lord; Barcelona and Modernity: Picasso, Gaudí, Miró, Dalí, Cleveland, New Haven: Cleveland Museum of Art, Yale University Press, 2006. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LaMaisonWorth", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "La Maison Worth", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1871-1952", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LaTourHuguesdeBishop", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "La Tour, Hugues de, Bishop", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Bishop of Clermont-Ferrand", +"date": "active mid 13th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LaChapelle", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "LaChapelle", +"comment": "Name used by John Reynolds, architect, Eugene, Oregon. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LafrryAntoine", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lafrry, Antoine", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LahzNimmoArchitects", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lahz Nimmo Architects", +"comment": "Stang, Alanna and Christopher Hawthorne; Green House: New Directions in Sustainable Architecture, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2005. Australian firm.", +"date": "active early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LaiAn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lai, An", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l23a4 Alternate names: Lai-an, 賴菴 Yuan dynasty, unrecorded Priest. Painted fishes. --Seymour", +"date": "Yuan dynasty", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LaiChusheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lai, Chusheng", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LaiShaoqi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lai, Shaoqi", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LaiShaoqi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lai, Shaoqi", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", +"date": "born 1915", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LaianPriest", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Laian, Priest ", +"comment": "Wu Tung; Tales From the Land of Dragons: 1,000 Years of Chinese Painting, Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1997. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LaineD", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Laine, D.", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LaisneCharles", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Laisne, Charles", +"comment": "Bégule, Lucien; Cathédrale de Sens: son Architecture - son Décor, Lyon: Société Anonyme de L'Imprimerie A. Rey, 1929. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LambardiCarlo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lambardi, Carlo", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1554-1620", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LambertandRawlings", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lambert and Rawlings", +"comment": "Baker, Malcolm and Brenda Richardson; Grand Design: the Art of the Victoria and Albert Museum, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1997. ", +"date": "active 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LambertJH", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lambert, J.H.", +"comment": "Geraldy, Paul; L'Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes, Illustration, no. 4286. ", +"date": "first half 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LambertJacquesGeorges", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lambert, Jacques Georges", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "born 1891", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LamoignonNicolasde", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lamoignon, Nicolas de", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active 17th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Lamoureux", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lamoureux", +"comment": "Calliat, Victor; Parallèle des maisons de Paris construites depuis 1830 jusqu'à nos jours, dessiné et publié par Victor Calliat, architecte, Paris: Bance, 1857-1864. ", +"date": "active mid 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LamplPaul", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lampl, Paul", +"comment": "Krautheimer, Richard; Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture, 4th edition, Middlesex: Penguin Books, Ltd., 1986. ", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LanYing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lan, Ying", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l24y32 Alternate names: Lan Ying, 藍瑛 Ming dynasty (b Qiantang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 1585; d c. 1664). Chinese painter. Lan Ying spent most of his early life in Hangzhou (one of his hao names, Xihu Waishi, means ‘unofficial historian of West Lake’, referring to the city’s famous lake). He was classified by Chinese writers as the last of the professional painters working in the tradition of the Zhe school, a lineage that began with Dai Jin. Despite his professional status, Lan travelled widely and drew from masters of Suzhou in Jiangsu Province, such as Shen Zhou, and from the Huating (modern Songjiang in Shanghai Municipality) circle of painters, including such artists as Sun Kehong (1533–1611) and Chen Jiru, led by Dong Qichang. Lan Ying is said to have shown great talent by the age of eight and to have produced a landscape of mountains, forests, rivers and clouds on the floor of a hall in his house with ashes from the family’s ancestral altar; he copied the works of painters of the Tang (618–907) and Song (960–1279) periods and became proficient in fine-line architectural drawing ( jiehua) and in painting palace ladies, a popular academic genre of previous periods (see China, §V, 3(vii)). He studied the work of the master Huang Gongwang of the Yuan period (1279–1368), and a series of landscapes in album format entitled After the Old Masters (1622; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), carries an inscription by Lan explaining that he had seen a Wang Wei painting in a Suzhou collection and a work by Zhao Lingrang owned by the Orthodox school master and theoretician Dong Qichang. This evidence hints at a new departure for Lan Ying and suggests that he ventured north from Hangzhou to learn at first hand from the innovative painters of the Huating region. The Songjiang practice of imitating ( fang) the styles of old masters appears in a series of albums and handscrolls by Lan Ying. He drew from a wider range of models than most of Dong Qichang’s followers, attempting to combine the strengths of the Hangzhou school of professional painters and the styles of academic masters such as Li Tang and Ma Yuan with the concerns and principles of the ‘Southern school’ painters as defined by Dong Qichang (see China, §V, 5). An early Qing-period (1644–1911) compilation of artists’ biographies, the third supplement to Xia Wenyan’s Tuhui baojian (‘Precious mirror for examining painting’; 1365), states that Lan Ying was an excellent painter of bamboo and rocks, plum and orchids. The literati with whom Lan associated praised his works in the style of Huang Gongwang, but most evaluations of Lan Ying’s skill stress his ability to duplicate the brush manner of his models. The literati usually valued paintings that expressed the noble qualities of the artist or captured the ‘spirit’ (qi) of the model rather than the precise brushwork of a past master. Despite his technical skill and his enthusiastic adoption of the ideals of the Huating circle, Lan opened himself to charges that, according to the influential Chen Jiru, he retained the mannerisms of the academic style favoured at the imperial painting academy. Lan Ying’s early works, exemplified by Listening to a Waterfall in a Pavilion in Spring (1622; hanging scroll, Shenyang, Liaoning Prov. Mus.), show the influence of Song period painting. The composition of Listening to a Waterfall and of a later work, Lofty Autumn among the Peaks of Mount Hua in the Manner of Guan Tong (1652; Shanghai Mus., see fig.), are typical of Lan Ying: a tall central mountain, reminiscent of landscapes of the Northern Song period (960–1126), towers above a series of smaller built-up peaks and ridges that begins in a middle-ground valley among a V-shaped arrangement of trees, cliff-side houses and cascading streams. An inscription on Listening to a Waterfall states that it imitates the style of Li Cheng, and the naturalism—the stippling that gives both texture and shading to earth surfaces, a convincing recession of space, an impression of cool mist and flowing water—is a close imitation of the Song manner. In the later Lofty Autumn, the artist’s concern has shifted from the convincing representation of mass and depth to the arrangement of several heavily outlined shapes given equal weight in the composition. Lan Ying relies less on tonal contrasts and varied geology for effect. Instead, the flat-topped central peak seems to push forward almost as if on the same plane as the foreground. Although rather static and conventional, there is enough of a distinctive touch in Lofty Autumn to raise it above the hackneyed or merely decorative efforts associated with professional painting. After the fall of the Ming dynasty in 1644, Lan Ying’s contact with the literati ceased. Joint works with portrait painters such as Xie Bin (1568–1650), for which he provided landscape settings, and much routine, repetitive painting date from this period. Lan, however, was a prolific painter, given to painting compositions for large hanging scrolls on silk (a format to which his strong, stable compositions were suited) that could be used for a decorative purpose. --DOA", +"date": "1585 - after 1657", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LancasterandLodge", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lancaster and Lodge", +"comment": "Crites, Mitchell Shelby and Ameeta Nanji; India Sublime: Princely Palace Hotels of Rajasthan, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 2007. London firm of Henry Lancaster, understudy of Edwin Lutyens, designer of New Delhi", +"date": "first half 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LandryPierre", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Landry, Pierre", +"comment": "Name used by John Reynolds, architect, Eugene, Oregon. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LaneCountyPlanningCommission", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lane County Planning Commission", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Agency charged with land use and planning priorities in Lane County, Oregon", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LaneDanny", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lane, Danny", +"comment": "Fiell, Charlotte and Peter Fiell; Modern Chairs, Cologne: Taschen, 1993. Danny Lane has worked in London since the 1980s. Danny Lane was an architect of the avant-garde furniture movement of the 1980s and also is known as a sculptor and furniture designer. ", +"date": "1955-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LangeEmil", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lange, Emil", +"comment": "Kaplan, Wendy; 'The Art That is Life': The Arts and Crafts Movement in America, 1875-1920, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1987. furniture/stained glass", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LangheinCarl", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Langhein, Carl", +"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. 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Paul, and Mario Iozzo; Magna Graecia: Greek Art From South Italy and Sicily, Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2002. illustrator", +"date": "active 2000s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LewisCynthiaGano", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lewis, Cynthia Gano", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LewisDavidChambers", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lewis, David Chambers", +"comment": "UO VRC Mounted Photographs Collection. American architect, born Portland, Oregon, studied at Princeton and Columbia, worked in Portland", +"date": "1867-1918", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LewisGRobert", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lewis, G. Robert", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LewisSinclair", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lewis, Sinclair", +"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", +"date": "active ca. 1935", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LewisWF", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lewis, W. F.", +"comment": "UO VRC Mounted Photographs Collection. ", +"date": "active ca. 1880", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LewthwaiteCliftonR", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lewthwaite, Clifton R.", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LexNerlingerAlice", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lex-Nerlinger, Alice", +"comment": "Blume, Eugen; Kunst in Berlin 1648-1987, Berlin: Henschelverlag, 1987. ", +"date": "1893-1975", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LeylandFrederickR", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Leyland, Frederick R.", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Liverpool shipowner and patron of artists, in particular, James McNeill Whistler.", +"date": "1832-1892", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LeyritzLéon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Leyritz, Léon", +"comment": "Brunhammer, Yvonne and Suzanne Tise; Decorative Arts in France, 1900-1942, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1990. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiAnzhong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Anzhong", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32a4z45 Alternate names: Li An-chung, 李安忠 Song dynasty The development of the visual arts in the Southern Song period under the leadership of the Academy was especially significant for Chinese painting. Gaozong reassembled the artists who had belonged to the Northern Song court and soon was able to reconstitute Huizong’s painting academy. Li Tang was especially honoured among the old masters: his name was the first on the list of members; he was made daizhao (‘painter in attendance’) and received the traditional title jindai (‘golden girdle’). Su Hanchen, Li Anzhong (c. 1117–1140), Li Di and Zhao Boju painted the traditional themes of birds, flowers, scholars at leisure and scenes of palace life in an attempt to recapture the glories of the past. --DOA After Zhao Lingrang's death, his style was still practised with fidelity in the Southern Song period as exemplified by an album leaf in ink and colours on silk, Cottages in a Misty Grove in Autumn (Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.), signed and dated 1177 by Li Anzhong, a painter of the Imperial Academy. --DOA", +"date": "active second half 12th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiBin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Bin", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", +"date": "active ca. 1980", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiCheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Cheng", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32c39 Alternate names: Li Ch'eng, 李成 Five dynasties (b ad 919; d 967). Chinese painter. His ancestors, members of the imperial clan, were natives of Chang’an (now Xi’an, Shaanxi Province), the Tang-dynasty (ad 618–907) capital. During disturbances at the end of the 9th century the clan split into two branches. Li’s grandfather, who settled in Qingzhou (now Shandong), and his father both held official posts. From 956 to 958 Li was in government service in Bianliang (now Kaifeng), at the invitation of his friend Wang Pu, then Commissioner of Military Affairs for Emperor Shizong (reg 944–54). Li came to know many important scholar–officials, but, despondent after the death of Wang, took to poetry, music, painting and drink. His paintings became sought after, but he remained at first socially aloof. Later he became a habitual wanderer, until, some time after 964, he accepted an invitation to live in Huaiyang (Henan Province), where he died of overindulgence in wine. Li Cheng exemplifies the Chinese phenomenon of a profoundly admired artist whose true style was, within a century of his death, obscured by unreliable attributions, the relationships of which to the original can no longer be determined. His fame was established early in the Northern Song period (960–1127), when critics considered his brushwork to have ‘captured the miracle of creation [and] Li to have become the master of a hundred generations’. The Xuanhe huapu (‘Xuanhe collection of painting’, catalogue of the collection of Emperor Huizong (reg 1101–25); preface dated 1120) states, ‘When it comes to landscapes, Li Cheng remains unmatched in history or in the present day’. The outspoken artist and critic Mi Fu was ambivalent in his assessment of Li, whom he decried as having ‘vulgar airs…with much skilful artifice but little natural spirit’. At the same time, Mi described Li’s painting methods in meticulous detail, thereby revealing how attentively he had studied them. In the Hua shi (‘History of painting’; c. 1100), Mi claimed to have seen 300 imitations and only two genuine works, a four-scroll set of landscapes and another of pines and rocks; he was thus rejecting the authenticity of 159 attributions to Li in the Xuanhe huapu. The Xuanhe compiler had admired in particular Li’s brush-power (bili) and quoted Li’s alleged self-appraisal, ‘I am a Confucian scholar who paints only for my own pleasure. How could people summon me to deploy pigments in their homes and to be treated as a professional painter!’ Li Cheng was one of the earliest of the upper-class Chinese scholars who regarded painting as a private spiritual activity (a cast of mind and pursuit known as shidai fu hua). He took great pains to depict in detail rugged mountains, generally with a massive peak or cliff dominating the picture (see fig.). The critic Guo Ruoxu (11th century) ranked Li Cheng and Fan kuan, a student of Li’s work, as the absolute masters of landscape painting, and it was to them that two major schools of painting, differing in overall style and specifically in ink techniques, traced their origins (see Dong yuan). After Li Cheng’s death, the scarcity of his works, combined with the admiration in which they came to be held, spawned energetic and continuous production of forgeries. In the 13th century these specimens had become so common and so inferior as almost to obliterate Li’s reputation as the finest landscapist of his time. Critics such as Yuan Haowen (1190–1257), writing in 1234, lamented (inappropriately, for he was misled by imitations) that Li’s brush spirit was ‘fragmented and confused, exuding an aura of the professional hack’. Nevertheless, Li Cheng’s iconic status among collectors and writers has remained relatively undiminished throughout the history of Chinese painting criticism. During the Southern Song period (1127–1279) the Li–Guo style (named after Li Cheng and his late 11th-century follower Guo xi) became an established stream in painting. During the first two decades of the 14th century, the Li–Guo style in its Yuan-period (1279–1368) transformation was introduced to Korea, where it became a foundation for Chosŏn-period (1392–1910) academic painting (see Korea, §IV, 2(i)(d)); its reverberations are also found as far west as Persia in the landscape elements of miniature painting. In the 14th century Li Cheng ceded celebrity to Guo Xi, whose landscapes feature convoluted mountain shapes. However, the restlessness and turbulence associated until modern times with the Li–Guo school are probably wrongly attributed in view of the copious retouchings and inventive accretions inflicted on the works in the Yuan and early Ming (1368–1644) periods. The earliest observers did not mention the air of agitation that Li Cheng’s paintings reputedly exuded. Mi Fu wrote: Extraordinarily elegant and moist, the pine trunk is sinuous and straight, the branches and leaves create shade, the small woods and brambles show no redundant brushwork and do not coil like dragons, snakes or goblin spirits…. When making a tree knot, [Li] does not draw an ink circle but deposits a huge wet blob, then draws across the gap with a brush of thoroughly pale ink, looking as if made in heaven. Across are modelled rocks rising out of the water round and moist. From the peak the brushstroke plunges straight down to be level with the foot of the rock…there is a rock in the water, below which pale ink wash is deployed for reflection, creating gravel that sinks straight down in the water. This is unlike common imitations with their [confused] straight and oblique strokes that reveal no ground at the bottom, nor any water dynamics, [where things] float as if in mid-air, so that those who have not seen real autographs criticise Li Cheng works as having no feet. Mi stressed the sparing use of ink, the simplicity of brushwork and the straightness of forms typical of genuine Li Cheng examples. He also noted the insubstantiality and the excessive curlicues that were emerging among late 11th-century forgeries. Among surviving attributions, none is of the period. The vertical landscape Solitary Temple amid Clearing Peaks (Kansas City, MO, Nelson–Atkins Mus. A.; see Confucianism, fig. 1) represents what may be considered an anonymous late 11th-century view of the Jing Hao–Fan Kuan style. All other works in Li Cheng’s style depict gnarled, wintry trees or are landscapes inspired by Guo Xi. The rendition of earthen banks and desolate trees in the left upper section of Guo Xi’s Early Spring (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.; for illustration see Guo xi), painted in 1072, fully a century after Li’s death, offers an indirect glimpse into Li’s manner, specifically the claim that he ‘used ink sparingly as if it were gold’ (see also China, fig. 121). Li’s son, Li Jue (ad 948–93), who passed the national civil service examination to become a jinshi, in 988 invited fellow historiographer Song Bai to write his father’s official tomb biography (muzhi ming). Li Jue and his son Li You both became well-known Confucian scholars and did not wish the family to be associated with the craft of painting, which had not yet acquired its respectability as a form of literati self-expression. Li You therefore paid high prices to buy back paintings attributed to Li Cheng, although many of them were probably imitations by his fellow townsman of Yingqiu (now Linzi, Shandong Province), the musician Cui Yuanshen, who had successfully mastered the Li Cheng manner. --DOA", +"date": "919 - 967", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiChun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Chun", +"comment": "China Publications Center; Modern Chinese Woodcuts, Beijing: Guozi Shudian, 1965. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiCunsong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Cunsong", +"comment": "Rotondo, Lisa E.; Chinese Revolutionary Woodcuts, 1935-1948: From the Herman Collection, Middletown (CT): Davison Art Center, 1984. alternate name: Li Cun Song", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiDinu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Dinu", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Encompassing film, photography and video, Dinu Li's practice centres on the relationship between the personal and the political, the public and the private. Shaped by forces that determine our social structures, Li draws inspiration from an engagement with the many cultures he encounters.", +"date": "born 1965", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiDong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Dong", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32d38 Alternate names: Li Tung, 李宗諤 Song dynasty Painted figures and flowers. --Seymour", +"date": "active ca. 1225 - 1264", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiFangying", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Fangying", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32f24y29 Alternate names: Li Fang-ying, 李方膺 Qing dynasty Painted pine trees, bamboo, orchids, chrysanthemums in the xie-yi manner. --Seymour", +"date": "1695 - 1754", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiFenglan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Fenglan", +"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese painter of peasant paintings", +"date": "b. 1933", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiFulai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Fulai", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Heilongjiang Province, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 李福来", +"date": "born 1938", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiGemin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Gemin", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Li Keh-min ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiGonglin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Gonglin", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32g33l38 Alternate names: Li Kung-lin, 李公麟 Song dynasty (b Shucheng County, Anhui Province, c. 1047; d 1106). Chinese painter and collector. He was from a family of scholar-officials, possibly related to the Li clan who were rulers of the Southern Tang (ad 937–75). In 1070 he passed the national civil-service examinations to gain the title of jinshi, which in the Song period (960–1279) was the culmination of scholarly achievement and means to the highest official careers. Li Gonglin, however, began by retiring to his native district. Little is known of Li’s life during the 1070s. He was joined by friends in the mountains, and around 1076 went to Nanjing to visit the reformer Wang Anshi (1021–86). In early 1078, Li bought land in Mt Longmian, south-west of Shucheng, and began building a villa that he later depicted in a handscroll painting. A surviving copy of this painting is Shanzhuang tu (‘Longmian mountain villa’; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), one scene of which, ‘Hall of Ink Meditation’, alludes to Li’s practice of calligraphy and painting as a means to enlightenment; there are also other versions (Beijing, Pal. Mus. and Florence, I Tatti). In 1079 Li left his mountain home to serve as an examination official in the capital Bianliang (modern Kaifeng, Henan Province) and shortly after was transferred to Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, and Zhangyuan, Hunan Province, where he may have met the artists Mi Fu and Huang Tingjian. By early 1086, Li had returned to Kaifeng and was promoted to a post in the Secretariat Chancellery. During his decade in the capital, Li renewed old friendships and cultivated new ones, becoming acquainted with Su Shi and his brother, with Wang Shen, Zhang Lei (1052–1112) and others. As collector, antiquarian and connoisseur, Li left his imprint on many aspects of art. The numerous extant paintings bearing his name demonstrate his versatility; in the genres of figure painting, horse painting and landscape, Li set a standard that remained exemplary. Among the paintings of horses attributed to Li, two are arguably genuine. Five Tribute Horses (see fig.) has no artist’s signature or seals, but the two colophons dated 1090 and 1131, written respectively by Huang Tingjian and Zeng (1073–1135), confirm its authenticity. The painting, following a type familiar in the Tang period (ad 618–907) but executed in baimiao or ink outline, a medium associated with the 4th-century painter Gu Kaizhi and in which Li was the acknowledged master, depicts five horses sent as tribute from West Asia, each led by a groom from a different country. One of the horses has been identified as having been sent to the Song court in 1088, when Li would have been aged 40 to 42. The painting disappeared in World War II. Pasturing Horses, after Wei Yan of the Tang Dynasty (handscroll, ink and colour on silk; Beijing, Pal. Mus.) was executed, according to the artist’s inscription, by imperial order after a lost Tang painting. A triumph of organization, it marshalls over 1200 horses and more than 100 human figures in an expanse of pasture. A comparison with the hunting scene from the Tang tomb of Prince Zhanghuai (d 682; reburied 706) at Qian xian, Shaanxi Province, shows how the painting corresponds to the processional paintings that were presumably common in the Tang period. Paintings attributed to Li referring to the classics and history include the Classic of Filial Piety (New York, Met.). This originally consisted of 18 sections, of which 15 remain, each with an illustration and a transcription from the Confucian Xiaojing (‘Classic of filial piety’), written in the old-fashioned style of the calligrapher Zhong You (ad 151–230). Though also executed in baimiao, the brushwork is less confident than that of Five Tribute Horses; it has been suggested that the painting ‘has the look of a first draft’, but a mistake in the prescribed number of bells for Confucian rites in one scene, which Li surely would not have made, suggests that this is in fact an early copy after Li. A Classic of Filial Piety (Shanghai Mus.) in five scenes with text in seal script (zhuanshu) is dated to the Yuan period (1279–1368) and is very similar in style to the scroll in the Metropolitan Museum. Even as imitations, these paintings are valuable as revivals of the archetype Li established. Li’s renderings in baimiao of other literary subjects, such as Tao Yuanming’s Returning Home and Qu Yuan’s Nine Songs, were also frequently imitated. Li also painted Buddhist and Daoist subjects, though none of these have survived in the original: a painting of Vimalakirti depicting the layman attended by a devi holding a flower is generally considered to be a Southern Song (1127–1279) painting (Tokyo, N. Mus.), and a long handscroll of Buddhist and Daoist figures (London, BM) with a colophon by the Yuan connoisseur Yu Ji (1272–1348) is imitative of Li’s style. Li Gonglin established a canon of classical styles, based on the achievements of some of the greatest figure, landscape and animal painters of the Tang and pre-Tang period (see Barnhart). He is considered a master of the highest order: his classical learning informed every aspect of his painting. --DOA", +"date": "1049 - 1106", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiGongnian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Gongnian", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32g33n34 Alternate names: Li Kung-nien, 李公年 Song dynasty Painted landscapes. --Seymour", +"date": "late 11th - early 12th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiGuijun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Guijun", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiGuo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Guo", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Wenxian, Henan Province; council member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 里果 ", +"date": "born 1933", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiHan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Han", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist, organized an avant-garde group called the Black Union of Southwest Lu (Luxinan heise lianmeng) in Heze, Shandong Province, in November 1985. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiHua", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Hua", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). Born in Guangzhou to a merchant family and a key organizer of the Society for Research on Modern Creative Prints, otherwise known as the Modern Woodcut Society (Xiandai banhua hui) that published eighteen issues of Modern Woodcut between 1934 and 1936.", +"date": "1907-1994", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiHuanmin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Huanmin", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Beijing. council member of the Chinese Artists' Association, vice-president of Sichuan branch of the Chinese Artists' Association, council member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; original name: He Guoru; alternate name: 李焕民", +"date": "born 1930", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiHuayi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Huayi", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiJingyang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Jingyang", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", +"date": "active ca. 1975", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiJun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Jun", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1931-1949 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981;. alternate name: 力军", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiKan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Kan", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32k24 Alternate names: Li K'an, 李衎 Yuan dynasty (b Beijing, 1244; d Yangzhou, Zhejiang province, 1320). Chinese painter and government official. He was born in northern China after the Mongols had taken over that area from the Jürchen Jin dynasty (1115–1234) but before they had conquered southern China. As a result he spent his life serving under the Mongol Yuan dynasty, which ruled China from 1279 to 1368. From a modest family, he began as a petty official and was gradually promoted to become one of the highest officials at court. As a boy he had studied the paintings of Wang Danyou and his father Wang Tingyun, the greatest painter of bamboo during the Jin period. Their work led him to study that of Wen Tong, the originator of the literati tradition of bamboo painting during the Northern Song period (960–1127). Absorbing these examples, Li developed his own style and came to be recognized as the great bamboo painter of the early Yuan period. In his wide travels in southern China and in Annam (now Vietnam), where he acted as an envoy, he studied the many different species of bamboo and in 1307 completed Zhupu xianglu (‘Bamboo manual’). Combining the study of paintings of the old masters as models with observation of bamboo in its natural habitat, he was able to achieve a new synthesis in this genre. Li Kan first travelled to Yangzhou on the River Yangzi in southern Jiangsu Province around 1281. Having grown up in the north, he became completely taken with the contrasting culture of the south, which still retained the cultural and artistic brilliance that had been developed during the Southern Song period (1127–1279), especially in Lin’an (Hangzhou), the old dynastic capital. He was particularly interested in the literati painting tradition and, with such northern artists as Gao Kegong and Xianyu Shu (?1257–1302), became an admirer of the southern tradition. He befriended many southern scholars and painters, especially Zhao Mengfu, and took up residence in Yangzhou, where he eventually died after having returned to the capital, Dadu (Khanbalik, now Beijing), for some years to serve at court. Among his surviving works are two handscrolls that were originally one, but which were probably separated during the Ming period (1368–1644): Bamboo (ink on paper; Kansas City, MO, Nelson–Atkins Mus. A.), which depicts two clumps of bamboo; and The Four Purities (ink on paper, 1307; Beijing, Pal. Mus.), which portrays bamboos, orchids, wutong trees and rocks. These scrolls represent the full range of techniques employed by Li when depicting bamboo in monochrome ink and his keen eye for the subtleties that differentiate the species. Many of his bamboo compositions, mounted as hanging scrolls and mostly executed in ink on silk, are now in the collections of the Palace Museum, Beijing, the Nanjing Museum, the Guangdong Provincial Museum, Guangzhou, the National Palace Museum, Taipei, the Imperial Household Collection, Tokyo, and the Metropolitan Museum, New York. Some show his technique of drawing the plants and leaves in outline and others exemplify his calligraphic technique, whereby such elements as leaves and stem segments are executed in a single stroke. Both types combine realism with the symbolic expression of literati feeling and aspirations, as do his paintings of tall pines (e.g. Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.; Indianapolis, IN, Mus. A.). Li Kan’s contribution to the history of bamboo painting lies in his revival of an interest in the literati tradition of Wen Tong and Su Shi in the early Yuan period and in his combination of the northern and southern traditions in bamboo to form a new tradition, which became established as one of the mainstreams of bamboo painting. --DOA", +"date": "1245 - 1320", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiKeran", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Keran", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32k27r22 Alternate names: Li K'o-jan, 李可染 Modern (b Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 26 March 1907; d Beijing, 5 Dec 1989). Chinese painter. The son of a poor peasant family, Li studied painting under Pan Tianshou in 1923 at the Shanghai Academy of Fine Art, then in 1929 enrolled in graduate studies in oil painting and drawing at the National Academy of Art in Hangzhou, Jiangsu Province. The director of the Academy, Lin fengmian, was a modernist who helped to introduce Western art techniques to China. While in Hangzhou, Li Keran practised Chinese painting and studied art theory on his own. As a political activist he also joined the Eighteen Society, a progressive art group inspired by Lu Xun. In 1932 he returned to Xuzhou to teach in a private art school. When war broke out with Japan in 1937, Li moved first to Wuhan, Hubei Province, and then, after the death of his wife, Su E, to Chongqing, Sichuan Province, where he organized groups of artists to participate in anti-Japanese activities. It was in Chongqing that he developed his own style based on traditional Chinese painting. His familiar renditions of herd boys and water buffaloes date from this period. Softness of Twilight (Chang, p. 101) shows an inky buffalo tethered in the foreground and two boys in the background perched on a tree, playing flutes. The traditional subject is playfully rendered, with a mastery of suffused and modelled ink that Li later transferred to landscapes. In 1943 Li married Zhou Peizhu and taught Chinese painting at the Chongqing National Art College. In 1946, he accepted Xu Beihong’s invitation to teach at the Beiping [Beijing] Academy of Art and moved to Beijing, where he studied with Qi Baishi and Huang Binhong. When the Central Academy of Fine Arts was founded in 1950, he was appointed Professor of Chinese painting, a post that he held until his death in 1989. During the 1950s Li Keran took a number of government-sponsored trips to various provinces in China and began to paint landscapes such as Road to Shu (Chang, p. 103). The government policy of sponsoring Chinese artists’ travel was meant to foster Socialist Realism, but Li resisted the pressure to paint in that style and held to the traditional Chinese theory that individual interpretation is more important than form. He wrote that ‘it is idiotic to imitate nature slavishly in the style of those who tend toward naturalism. It should be noted that the artist paints not only what he sees, but what he knows … [He] relies not only on his senses … but what is more important, on thought.’ (Li K’o-jan, 1959, p. 146). In an article published in Chinese Literature in 1961 Li also protested against the idea that peasants and workers could become painters simply because their ideology was sound, pointing out that consistent and long-term training was needed to become a professional artist. In the early 1960s Li finally succumbed to political pressure. In Ten Thousand Crimson Hills (1964; see Mayching Kao, pl. 2) the monumental mountain is presented in a traditional composition, but the foliage is ablaze with red, the colour of revolutionary fervour, and the title is an obvious allusion to one of Mao’s poems. In 1964 Li also wrote a favourable review of the People’s Liberation Army exhibition in Beijing, probably under pressure to atone for his earlier criticism. Despite his efforts to appear politically correct, during the Cultural Revolution (1966–76) Li was not allowed to paint but performed manual labour in the countryside along with his colleagues from the Central Academy. When Zhou Enlai commissioned artists in late 1971 to decorate Beijing’s hotels and state buildings with traditional Chinese paintings, Li Keran briefly came back into political favour, painting such works for the government as a large painting of the Li River for the Minzu Hotel. His paintings from the early 1970s are full, rich mountain landscapes built up through layers of saturated ink. Many of them are political, such as Marching through Loushan Pass at Sunset (see Cohen, pl. 343), which shows an episode from the Long March and illustrates a poem by Mao. However, in 1974 Jiang Qing mounted another attack on traditional Chinese painters, and Li Keran was castigated as a ‘black painter’. His work Mountain Village after Rain (see Laing, pl. 13), a masterful contrast of subtly modelled ink wash, mountains and misty water with neat white houses and bright pink cherry blossoms, was censured as nothing but black ink and black water. In the early 1980s Li returned to the spontaneous and warmly humorous style of non-political figure painting he had used in the 1940s. Playfulness in the Autumn (1982; see Lim, pl. 22) shows two herd boys playing while their water buffaloes sleep. Laughing Monk (1983; see Lim, pl. 21) shows a fat, jovial monk laughing at the cares of the world. Later in the decade he painted more of the dark, full, richly coloured landscapes that he had first begun to experiment with in the 1950s, bringing them at last to full fruition. --DOA", +"date": "1907 - 1989", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiLantai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Lantai", +"comment": "Rawski, Evelyn S. and Jessica Rawson; China: The Three Emperors, 1662-1795, London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2005. ", +"date": "fl. ca. 1738-1786", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiLiufang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Liufang", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32l42f24 Alternate names: Li Liu-fang, 李流芳 Ming dynasty (b She xian, Anhui Province, 1575; d 1629). Chinese painter and poet. His family moved to Jiading, now part of Shanghai, where he spent most of his life. Li received his juren degree in 1606 and twice attempted the higher examinations, failing the first and arriving late for the second, which disqualified him. Having the means, he chose to abandon pursuit of a government career to lead a cultured life of leisure. He built a house and garden in Nanxiang, near Jiading, called Tan yuan (Sandalwood Garden) after the sandalwood trees that grew there, using the garden’s name thereafter as one of his hao names. He is classed, along with Tang Shisheng (1551–1636), Lou Jian (d 1631) and Cheng Jiasu (1565–1644), as one of the Four Gentlemen of Jiading. All were well-known poets, and Li and Cheng were painters. Li is not known as a calligrapher, although he had an adequately trained hand in a style based on that of Su Shi. In seal-carving, contemporaries praised him as the rival of He Shen ( fl c. 1573–1620). However, while He Shen turned to Han-period (206 bc–ad 220) seals as models (see China, §XIII, 24), carving intaglio and deliberately wrecking surfaces to give an antique flavour, Li typically carved in relief, in the more conservative style used by Zhao Mengfu of the 13th and 14th centuries and Wen Peng of the 16th. Li also enjoyed carving bamboo. In painting Li is best known as a landscapist. Almost 100 of his works are recorded, and his dated paintings, according to Guo Weichu (1908–71), range from 1614 to 1628. His acknowledged model was the Yuan (1279–1368) master Wu zhen. One landscape, Thin Forest and Distant Mountains (Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.), is typical of his style. Although, like Wu Zhen, Li favoured a brush loaded with wet wash, his schematic composition, with its abbreviation and repetition of elements, was far closer to the work of Dong Qichang, the most influential painter of the period. In a vertical format, a few meagre trees, rooted in a small island of rocks, stretch up over the expanse of water behind to overlap a distant mountain. The viewer’s gaze is drawn straight up the picture. Black dabs of ink in the foreground foliage, repeated on the surface of the mountain, reinforce the vertical line. The result is a compact, tightly knit work. Although Li’s paintings had a limited range of style and composition and lacked the weight and intricacy of line and texture found in artists of greater talent, he was capable of producing work of fresh, nonchalant elegance. His son, Li Hangzhi (d 1644), painted in a similar style. --DOA", +"date": "1575 - 1629", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiMuer", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Muer", +"comment": "Cohen, Joan Lebold; New Chinese Painting, 1949-1986, New York: Harry Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1987. Chinese painter from Quanzhou, Fujian province; member of the Southern Fujian Art Group during the Cultural Revolution", +"date": "b. 1953", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiPingfan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Pingfan", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Tianjin; original name: Li Wenkun; alternate names: Li Ken, 李平凡 ", +"date": "born 1922", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiQi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Qi", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", +"date": "born 1928", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiQue", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Que", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32q36 Alternate names: Li Ch'üeh, 李確 Song dynasty Pupil of Liang Kai. Painted landscapes. --Seymour", +"date": "active mid 13th century ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiQun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Qun", +"comment": "Laing, Ellen Johnston; Winking Owl: Art from the People's Republic of China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988 (0520060970). from Shanxi, woodcut artist; alternate name: 力群", +"date": "born 1912", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiRongjin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Rongjin", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32r29j32 Alternate names: Li Jung-chin, 李容瑾 Yuan dynasty Specialized in boundary painting, followed Wang Zhenpeng. --Seymour", +"date": "active 1300-1350", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiRuiqing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Ruiqing", +"comment": "Fong, Wen; Between Two Cultures: Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Chinese Paintings From the Robert H. Ellsworth Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; New Haven: Metropolitan Museum of Art; Yale University Press, 2001. ", +"date": "1867-1920", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiShan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Shan", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. Chinese painter, part of the No Name group and the Yuyuantan Lake School of Painting (Yuyuantan huapai) b. Heilongjiang province, PRC Shanghai Drama Institute, 1968", +"date": "b. 1942", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiShaoyan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Shaoyan", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. from Shandong; alternate name: 李少言", +"date": "1918-2002", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiShida", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Shida", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32s43d22 Alternate names: Li Shih-ta, 李士達 Ming dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province; fl c. 1580–1620). Chinese painter. He earned his living by painting both landscapes and figures and was heir to the late Wu school painting tradition. His paintings display an impressive range of styles and subjects from literati themes, as in Gazing Out from a Pavilion in the Mountains (ink and colour on paper; 1618; Tokyo, Seikadō Bunko), to more careful and conservative compositions of figures in landscapes, such as Tao Yuanming Appreciating Chrysanthemums (ink and colour on silk; 1619; Ann Arbor, U. MI, Mus. A.). The former demonstrate a subtle and accomplished handling of brush and ink with minimal use of colour, capturing the naturalistic aspects of mountain scenery. The latter are tightly constructed parodies of inherited conventions. Usually, the composition is divided into three sections from bottom to top with an exaggerated middle ground of water, a practice that dates back to the Yuan period (1279–1368). In the Ann Arbor painting, the water is delineated by the archaic fishnet pattern that originated in the Tang period (ad 618–907). A decorative effect is achieved through the repetition of the waves and the repeated application of twisting hemp-fibre texture strokes ( pima cun) to describe the rock surfaces. The elongated proportions of the scroll and use of attenuated pine trees reflect the influence of Wu School artists Wen Zhengming and Qiu Ying. The painting depicts the famous poet–statesman Tao Yuanming (ad 365–427), who became the archetypal literatus, idealized because he retired early from his government position to pursue his own interests of writing and growing chrysanthemums. The figures are drawn in fine lines and colours with mannered and distorted features and proportions. The heads appear strangely flattened; the figures are portly and humorous. Li’s bizarre figure style influenced his contemporary Sheng Maoye. --DOA", +"date": "active ca. 1573 - 1619", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiShizhuo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Shizhuo", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32s43h44 Alternate names: Li Shih-cho, 李世倬 Qing dynasty From Manchuria. Pupil of Wang Hui and Ma Yi. Painted figures after Wu Daozi and birds after his uncle, Gao Qipei. Also, flowers, fruit and inscriptions. --Seymour", +"date": "b. ca. 1690 - 1770", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiShunxiao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Shunxiao", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Li Shun-hsiao ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiShutong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Shutong", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiSixun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Sixun", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32s55x37 Alternate names: Li Ssu-hsün, 李思訓 Tang dynasty (b c. ad 653; d 718). He was a member of the imperial family of the Tang dynasty and held various civil and military government positions, including Great General of the Left Militant Guard (c. 713), earning the nickname Great General Li (Da Li Jiangjun). The period during which Li was active was one of the most flourishing in the cultural and artistic history of China. Figure painting reached its peak with the famous 8th-century ad artist Wu daozi, while landscape was established as a major independent category. During this formative stage, Li Sixun was regarded as one of the most influential landscape painters. In his Lidai minghua ji (‘Record of famous painters of successive generations’, preface ad 847) Zhang Yanyuan records that the transformation of landscape painting began with Wu Daozi and was perfected by Li Sixun and (2) Li Zhaodao. Although this is impossible as Li Sixun probably died before Wu started his career, it indicates the esteem in which he was held. Writing c. ad 840 in the Tangchao minghua lu (‘Record of famous painters of the Tang period’), Zhu Jingxuan classified painters according to their ability and placed Li in the lower grade of the ‘inspired class’. Zhu also related that Emperor Xuanzong (reg 712–56) was extremely impressed by landscapes that Li had painted on some palace screens and walls: he said he could hear the sound of water from them and that Li was the foremost painter of the Tang dynasty. An alternative version tells how Wu Daozi and Li were invited to paint landscapes in a hall in Datong (now in Sichuan Province). While commending them both on their magnificent attainments, the emperor noted ‘Li Sixun’s achievement of many months and Wu Daozi’s work of a single day’, contrasting Li’s meticulous craftsmanship with the inspired spontaneous technique of Wu. This fictitious anecdote would have been forgotten had it not been for the influence it exerted on later critics of Li’s style. Written sources are the only reliable testimony for Li’s work. His paintings were copied at an early date, and no extant paintings fully represent his style. The unsigned hanging scroll Pavilions and River with Sails (Jiangfan louge tu; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) was first attributed to Li by the Qing-period (1644–1911) collector An Qi, and although this landscape is undoubtedly early, it is impossible to substantiate the attribution. A cluster of paintings centering on the unsigned handscroll (Emperor Minghuang’s Journey to Shu) is usually regarded as typical of his style. The painting has been claimed to depict Emperor Xuanzong’s flight to Sichuan after the rebellion of An Lushan in ad 756. A painting of this motif was attributed to Li Sixun by Su Shi—anachronistically, as Sixun died almost 40 years before the revolt. Later scholars have reattributed the composition to Li Zhaodao. Certain features indicate that the Taipei version illustrated was based on a Tang-period original. The structure of the rocks is reminiscent of wall paintings in the tombs of the princes Yide and Zhanghuai at Qian xian, in Shaanxi Province, executed by court painters during the early 8th century; so too is the manner of rendering distance by showing figures half-hidden by hills and promontories. The swirling clouds fit the descriptions of the way in which Li painted clouds and mists, and the narrative richness is also typical of early Chinese landscape painting. The brushwork is, however, of much later date. Finally, the pleasant atmosphere of the composition is not in keeping with the subject-matter of the title, and it is doubtful whether any member of the imperial house would depict such a humiliating event. While no Tang source describes Li’s paintings as especially decorative, he was later renowned for colourful and painstaking landscapes executed in the Gold-and-green manner. In the 13th century the connoisseur Zhao Xigu was the first to connect this manner with the two Li, specifically with Li Zhaodao. The 14th-century writer Tang Hou, on the other hand, considered Li Sixun to be the first exponent of the technique. When the influential artist and theorist Dong Qichang developed his theories of the Northern and Southern schools in painting, in the 16th and 17th centuries, he selected Li Sixun as the grand ancestor of the Northern school, chiefly for the elaborate and decorative paintings that were said to be preferred by the court and the merchant class. --DOA", +"date": "651 - 716", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiSong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Song", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32s56 Alternate names: Li Sung, 李嵩 Song dynasty Started as a carpenter, but was adopted by painter Li Congxun. Became dai-zhao in the Academy of Painting. Boundary paintings and figures, followed Liu Songnian and Zhao Buju. --Seymour", +"date": "active ca. 1190 - 1230", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiTang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Tang", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32t25 Alternate names: Li T'ang, 李唐 Song dynasty (b Heyang, Henan Province, 1050s; d after 1130). Chinese painter. Li was the oldest and most influential painter to make the transition from the Painting Academy of the Northern Song (960–1127) emperor Huizong (reg 1101–26) in Bianliang (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) to the Southern Song (1127–1279) court in Lin’an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province). It was there, while in his 80s, that he introduced an entirely new approach that became the basis for the influential traditions of Southern Song landscape painting (see China, §V, 3(iv)). Li Tang apparently occupied no official position in Bianliang, although he was very highly regarded and held the rank of painter in attendance (daizhao) in the Imperial Painting Academy. In 1126 the Song court was forced to flee south from the invading Jürchen nomads, who ruled northern China during the Jin period (1115–1234). Before his arrival at the Southern Song court of the emperor Gaozong (reg 1127–63) Li took refuge from the fighting in the woods, where he met his future pupil, the robber Xiao Zhao. According to Deng Chun’s Hua ji (‘Painting continued’; preface dated 1167), Li was already 80 years old when he left Bianliang for Lin’an. There he was appointed head of the Southern Song Painting Academy and was awarded its highest honour, the jindai (‘golden belt’). Li Tang did not merely transmit the official style of the Northern Song Academy. He was an independent genius who continued to develop stylistically as well as technically throughout his career. Later critics claimed that he attained full artistic freedom only at the end of his life. The bulk of his work appears to have been completed in Bianliang, but he exerted a major influence on the new style of landscape painting developed at the new Academy, later referred to as the Ma–Xia school after its two most prominent representatives, Ma Yuan and Xia Gui. Li’s influence was twofold: his innovative use of monochrome ink in graded washes was especially influential for Ma Yuan, who modelled his rock and cliff structures after those of the older master; he also introduced a compositional format that reinterpreted conceptual space by presenting an oblique view of the landscape. This projected a diagonal thrust into the compositional distance in a daring, new, simplified organization of pictorial elements. In his Hua shanshui jue (‘Secrets of painting landscape’; preface dated 1221), the painter Li Chengsou (c. 1150–after 1221) stated that the essential element of Li Tang’s ‘change of style’ was the way in which he rendered space through the balance of emptiness and fullness. Recognizing the importance of Li’s work, he went on to say that ‘many men of ancient and modern times have reached a high standard as landscape painters …Each one established his own style …Many later men have followed after, but only Li Tang and Xiao Zhao have transformed their styles and in one swoop surpassed all modern and ancient men by their terse, light and swift manner of painting. They are, indeed, of the divine [shen] class’ (Sirén, pp. 92–3). Li Tang’s creative versatility was readily apparent throughout his long career. While he is said to have painted in the more decorative and professionally orientated blue-and-green technique in his early years, there is no evidence of this in his later landscapes, except possibly in his somewhat mannered textural brushwork. However, as a mark of his favour the emperor Gaozong gave the artist the name Tang Li, implying that he was comparable to the Tang (618–907) painter Li sixun, the foremost practitioner of the blue-and-green manner. The graded washes that dominated his later style mark a sharp contrast with such earlier tight rendering. He is best known as a landscape painter, but he was also commended for his ability to paint other subjects. Ming (1368–1644) critics such as Zhang Chou equated the quality of his figure painting with that of his landscapes. Zhang wrote in the [Qinghe] shuhua fang (‘The Qinghe boat-studio of painting and calligraphy’; preface dated 1616) that ‘Li Tang was a good painter of human figures and landscapes …he excelled even more in painting oxen, following in this the manner of Dai Song’ (Sirén, p. 95). In the Shu hua ji (‘Record of calligraphy and paintings’; completed by Wu Qizhen c. 1677) Li’s scroll depicting a scholar playing the qin (zither) is described as having a rendering so vivid that one ‘could hear the sound of the water as well as that of the qin’ (Sirén, p. 95). Li was consistently praised for his ability to paint rustic scenes as well as buffalo, both of which were popular themes during the Southern Song period. Unfortunately, the weakness of execution of some extant paintings of these subjects suggests that these may be later copies. Two of Li’s paintings are in the Kōtōin (Kyoto, Daitokuji). They are undated and only one is signed. The paintings were probably cut down, which has altered the proportion of the original compositions, but the brushwork and asymmetrical composition suggest that they belong to the last phase of Li’s development. The signed and dated Wind in the Pines amid Myriad Ravines (see fig.) was painted in Bianliang and may be said to mark a middle stage in his stylistic development. In composition it reflects a derivation from the traditions of Fan kuan in a revival of the heroic style, combined with influences from the traditions of Northern Song monumental landscape painting and the introduction of a new and more intimate portrayal of nature. Moreover, Fan’s tradition of brushwork has been hardened into mannered patterns painted in fupi cun (‘axe-cut texture stroke’) with a relatively stiff brush from which the ink has been squeezed out, known as cabi, which leaves the impression of diagonal stratification. While the earlier focus on a centralized axis is retained, it nevertheless indicates the direction of future developments. Li’s influence on the painting of the Southern Song did not continue into the Yuan period (1279–1368). However, his use of ink and compositional devices—as treated by the Ma–Xia school—again came into prominence with the development of the Zhe school during the Ming period. Daijin and Tang Yin are among the leading Ming artists whose works reveal the depth of this revival of Li’s style. --DOA", +"date": "ca. 1050 - after 1130", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiXiaobin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Xiaobin", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist who founded the April Photo Society in April 1979 with Wang Zhiping.", +"date": "active ca. 1975", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiXinggang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Xinggang", +"comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Chinese architect, currently working for China Architecture Design & Research Group", +"date": "active 1990-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiXiqin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Xiqin", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Hunan Province, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 李习勤", +"date": "born 1932", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiXiu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Xiu", +"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Shiping, Yunnan province", +"date": "born 1943", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiXizhi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Xizhi", +"comment": "China Publications Center; Modern Chinese Woodcuts, Beijing: Guozi Shudian, 1965. alternate name: Li Hsi-chin", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiYanpeng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Yanpeng", +"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Hebei province", +"date": "born 1958", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiYanping", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Yanping", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Tibetan artist who led an avant-garde art group. This group displayed works that combined modern abstract styles and Tibetan Buddhist images and themes.", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiYaofu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Yaofu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32y26f32 Alternate names: Li Yao-fu, 李東 Yuan dynasty, unrecorded Painted figures. --Seymour", +"date": "13th - 14th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiYe", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Ye", +"comment": "Blakesley, Rosalind; Arts and Crafts Movement, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2006. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiYihe", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Yihe", +"comment": "Grousset, Rene; Art of the Far East, New York; Toronto: Iris Books; Oxford University Press, 1936. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiYin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Yin", +"comment": "Weidner, Marsha, Ellen Johnston Laing, Irving Yucheng Lo, Christina Chu, and James Robinson; Views from Jade Terrace: Chinese Women Artists 1300-1912, Indianapolis: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 1988 (0847810038). l32y29 Alternate names: Li Yin, 李堯夫 Qing dynasty From Hangzhou, Zhejiang province. Parents made her study poetry and painting as a child and had established a reputation by 15. Concubine to Ge Zhengqi, who became Vice Minister of the Court of IMperial Entertainments in Beijing. At the capital she was able to study famous works of art and practiced painting and calligraphy with Ge. Retired to the south and enjoyed a close relationship until his death. She became Buddhist and supported herself by her art, which continued to receive acclaim. Subsequent scholars and critics continues to praise her work centuries after her death. Excelled as a flower painter. --Weidner Painted landscapes, flowers, birds in the style of Chen Shun. --Seymour ", +"date": "1616 - 1685", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiYitai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Yitai", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Wuxing, Zhejiang Province; alternate name: 李以泰", +"date": "born 1944", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiYongbin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Yongbin", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1963", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiZai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Zai", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32z23 Alternate names: Li Tsai, 李在 Ming dynasty (b Putian, Fujian Province; d 1431). Chinese painter. He became one of the leading court painters in the reign of the Xuande emperor (reg 1426–35) and one of the forerunners of the Zhe school. The Japanese monk–painter Tōyō Sesshū, who visited China in 1468, called him one of the most important masters of the period. Together with Xia Zhi, a student of Dai jin, and Ma Shi, he painted a long handscroll in 11 scenes (see fig.) that illustrated couplets from a famous poem by Tao Yuanming, showing the elegant figure of the poet at various stages on his return to his native village. Each scene presents a vignette rather than a complete landscape, with quite large figures and landscape details, both exhibiting a brilliant command of the brush in the style of the Southern Song (1127–1279) academy. Li Zai’s monumental landscape style, based on the imposing compositions of the Northern Song period (960–1127), admirably exemplified Ming-period (1368–1644) aspirations to emulate painting of that period. Landscape (Tokyo, N. Mus.) may be compared with Guo Xi’s famous Early Spring of 1072 (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.; for illustration see Guo xi). A pair of great pine trees stand at the centre of the painting, against a backdrop of tall peaks; the latter, however, are flattened and silhouetted in a way that differs markedly from the complex organization of Guo Xi’s painting. In 1982 two of Li Zai’s paintings, as well as paintings by Xia Chang, were found during the excavation in Huaian County, Jiangsu Province, of the tomb of Wang Zhen (1424–96). Both are album leaves: one depicts misty hills and rivers in the amorphous style of Mi Youren (see Mi, (2)), while the other, somewhat different in style from his other works, shows a day-lily. The paintings, now in the Premier Zhou Enlai Museum, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, reveal a greater range in Li Zai’s style than was hitherto known. --DOA", +"date": "active ca. 1426 - 1431", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiZhanyang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Zhanyang", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Beijing; graduated 1994 from Luzun Academy and in 1999 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing; lives and works in Chongqing.", +"date": "b. 1969", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiZhaodao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Zhaodao", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32z37d26 Alternate names: Li Chao-tao, 李昭道 Tang dynasty (b c. ad 675; d 730). Son of (1) Li Sixun. He was appointed to the position of vice-president of the Right Grand Secretariat of the crown prince, but little else is known of his life. Whether he actually served in the army cannot be confirmed, but he came to be called Xiao Li Jiangjun (Little General Li) to distinguish him from his father, (1) Li Sixun, called Da Li Jiangjun (Great General Li). Later art critics preferred now one, now the other; but it has become impossible to differentiate between the two from the extant copies of their works available for study. Two extant works are usually suggested to be copies of paintings by Li Zhaodao as they have come to be closely identified with his traditions. The Picture of the Winding River (Ch’u Chiang T’u; hanging scroll, colours on silk, h. 1712 mm, w. 1113 mm; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) is a faithful re-creation of the 8th-century landscape style, with a strongly linear design developed by folded and fissured mountain forms. The more frequently reproduced Emperor Minghuang’s Journey to Shu (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.; for illustration see §(1) above) depicts an event that took place in 756, after Li Zhaodao’s death. There are other copies of the same composition, including one in Philadelphia (U. PA Mus.) in both vertical and horizontal format. --DOA", +"date": "active ca. 670 - 730", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiZhaoheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Zhaoheng", +"comment": "Ho, Wai-Kam and Judith G. Smith; Century of Tung Ch'i-Ch'ang, 1555-1636, v.1, Kansas City; Seattle; London: Nelson Atkins Museum of Art; University of Washington Press, 1992. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiZhen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Zhen", +"comment": "Miyagawa, Torao; Chinese Painting, First English edition, New York: Weatherhill, 1983. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiZhengxuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Zhengxuan", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Li Cheng-hsuan", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiZhenhua", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Zhenhua", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Li Chen-hua", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiZhonggui", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Zhonggui", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiZhu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Zhu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32z47 Alternate names: Li Chu, 李著 Ming dynasty", +"date": "active ca. 1500", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiZongwan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Li, Zongwan", +"comment": "Ming Qing shan mian xuanji, Shanghai: Shang ren min mei shu chu ban she; Xin hua shu dian Shanghai fa xing suo fa xing, 1959. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiangDong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liang, Dong", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Liaoning Province, member of the Chinese Art Association; alternate name: 梁栋 ", +"date": "born 1926", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiangHongtao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liang, Hongtao", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiangJingyu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liang, Jingyu", +"comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Chinese architect located in Beijing.", +"date": "1969-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiangJuhui", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liang, Juhui", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist, born Guangzhou, Guangdong", +"date": "b. 1959", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiangKai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liang, Kai", +"comment": "Takashina, Shuji, Tetsuro Kagesato and Hideo Tanaka; Yōga to Nihonga, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. Chinese painter. Although he originally painted in traditional styles, his later work became both more spontaneous in execution and more conceptual, in a manner that can be associated with the southern Chan (Jap. Zen) Buddhist approach to enlightenment (see Buddhism, §III, 8). Together with Muqi he became one of the best known painters of Chan subjects (see China, §V, 3(ii)(b)) of the late Southern Song period (1127–1279). According to the Tuhui baojian (‘Precious mirror for examining painting’) by Xia Wenyan (preface dated 1365), which is the basic source for all later references, Liang was a follower of Jia Shigu (fl 1130–60), an official from Bianliang (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), who served in the imperial painting academy at Lin’an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province) during the Shaoxing period (1131–61) of the reign of Gaozong (reg 1127–62). Liang was also a member of the Academy and between 1201 and 1204 held the rank of painter in attendance (daizhao). Although he was awarded the jindai (‘golden belt’), the highest honour given to members of the Academy, he appears to have subsequently resigned his official position. After leaving the court he went to live in Liutong si, a temple near Lin’an that was a centre of Chan painting. He did not go there for religious reasons but probably in protest against the bureaucracy and mainstream Chinese painting. Whatever the reason, his new painting style was far removed from his earlier Academic conservatism. All of his extant work, with the exception of two possible attributions, is to be found in Japan, where he exerted great influence on Zen painting (see also Japan, §VI, 4(vii)). Liang Kai’s retirement from official life marked a radical change in his artistic style. His early works are painted in the plain-line drawing (baimiao) traditions of Li gonglin as interpreted by Jia Shigu. His subjects included ghosts and celestial deities as well as Confucian and Daoist themes. An example of Liang’s early style may be seen in the Scholar of the Eastern Fence (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), which depicts the great poet Tao Yuanming (ad 365–427) in a conventional setting associated with the compositional techniques of Ma Yuan and Xia Gui. Liang was also proficient in the monumental landscape style of the Northern Song period (960–1279; see China, §V, 3(iv)(a)). His retreat from the capital marked the introduction of the spontaneous reduced brush (jianbi) technique, which is associated with Chan painting. He studied this new approach with a Chan master Wuzhun (1177–1249), a mediocre painter but a good calligrapher. Liang’s later work reveals a strong calligraphic influence in the total control of the ink tones and the flexibility of the brush. In the brevity and descriptiveness of his brushstrokes he exploits the properties of the ink and the brush to the full. Such brushwork is also related to literati painting traditions. A poem by the Chan monk Beijian (d 1246) relates Liang’s approach to painting: ‘Liang Kai treasured his ink as if it were gold. But when he got drunk [the valued drops of ink] could suddenly become a downpour’ (Encyclopedia of World Art, ix, p. 240). Such a release of inhibitions through alcohol provides yet another explanation for the radical change in his style. Liang Kai painted with strong brushstrokes, but he also utilized the wet ‘boneless’ technique (mogu), in which washes of graded ink tones define shape and form without lines, especially in the new genre referred to as pictures of Chan enlightenment (Chan ji tu). His painting of A Sage (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) is the only example of such a spontaneous style in the imperial collection. It is an imaginary portrait executed in the ‘splashed-ink’ (pomo) technique, with scratchy, wet strokes that flow into washes or wet areas in a process that is only partially controlled. The broad washes composing the Sage’s body contrast with the wispy lines that define the facial features. The Nan Song yuan hua lu (‘Record of the Southern Song Academy’, 1721), compiled by the poet and scholar Li O (1692–1752), notes that Liang Kai painted with wedge-like strokes (piena). This technique is especially obvious in Huineng, the Sixth Chan Patriarch, Chopping Bamboo at the Moment of Enlightenment (see fig.). Liang Kai painted a variety of traditional Buddhist themes, but none was as specifically connected with the Chan sect as this composition and another entitled Huineng, the Sixth Chan Patriarch, Tearing up a Sutra (Tokyo, T. Mitsui priv. col.), with which it is usually paired. Both paintings were apparently brought to Japan fairly soon after their completion but were later separated. In the first painting, which is largely conceptual in character, space is suggested by a single dry brushstroke that indicates the ground-plane and a fragmented tree trunk that establishes recession in the composition. The angular figure of the patriarch is created through a series of equally angular choplike ‘stake-head’ (juetou) strokes consistent with the chopping motion of the blade. Washes in graded ink tones give an impression of modelling. The energetic definition of the strong brushstrokes contrasts with the more delicate wispy hair and tightly defined features of the man’s face shown in profile consistent in style with the technique of A Sage. Both personify the Chan (Zen) search for enlightenment through action rather than holy scriptures. In contrast, a fluid line reflects the contemplative mood of another well-known composition, the portrait of the poet Li Bo (Tokyo, N. Mus.). -Grove Art Online", +"date": "1609 - 1660", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiangYan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liang, Yan", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiaoKaiming", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liao, Kaiming", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Chongqing; member of the Chinese Artists' Association, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association, member of May Print Association; alternate name: 廖开明 ", +"date": "born 1940", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiaoZongyi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liao, Zongyi", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Chaozhou, Guangdong Province; alternate name: 廖宗怡", +"date": "born 1937", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiebermanH", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lieberman, H.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Lightolier", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lightolier", +"comment": "Raizman, David S. History of Modern Design. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2004. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LigonGlenn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ligon, Glenn", +"comment": "Heartney, Eleanor; Art & Today, New York: Phaidon Press, Inc., 2008. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LilienbergAlbert", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lilienberg, Albert", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. City planner, Gothenburg Sweden", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LilienbergIngrid", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lilienberg, Ingrid", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Landscape architect and city planner", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LillGeorgeW", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lill, George W.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LillagoreTheodoreW", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lillagore, Theodore W.", +"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. ", +"date": "active ca. 1860", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinChun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lin, Chun", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l38c53 Alternate names: Lin Ch'un, 林椿 Song dynasty Painted flowers and birds, following Zhao Chang. --Seymour (Re: Li Di) In his style as well as his choice of subject-matter Li Di is very close to another Southern Song painter, Lin Chun (fl 12th–13th century), who also came from Qiantang near Hangzhou and who also served in the Imperial Painting Academy. --DOA", +"date": "12th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinFengmian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lin, Fengmian", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", +"date": "1900-1991", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinFu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lin, Fu", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Cangnan, Zhejiang Province; alternate name: 林夫", +"date": "1911-1942", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinGang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lin, Gang", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", +"date": "born 1924", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinGuang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lin, Guang", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l38g39 Alternate names: Lin Kuang, 林廣 Ming dynasty", +"date": "active ca. 1500", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinJun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lin, Jun", +"comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. born in Pinglu, Shanxi Province; original name, Pei Bingzhe", +"date": "born 1921", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinJunfu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lin, Junfu", +"comment": "Yang Xiaoneng; Tracing the Past, Drawing the Future: Master Ink Painters in Twentieth-Century China, Milan: Continents Editions, 2010. Chinese poet", +"date": "1879-1942", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinLei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lin, Lei", +"comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Chinese architect", +"date": "active 2000-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinLiang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lin, Liang", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l38l35 Alternate names: Lin Liang, 林良 Ming dynasty (b Nanhai, Guangdong Province, c. 1416; d c. 1480). Chinese painter. He became a provincial administrator and was referred to the court during the reign of the Tianshun emperor (1457–64). He was later promoted to the Imperial Guard under the system of titles given to court painters in the early Ming period (1368–1644). His surviving works feature large subjects in monochrome ink, although he is recorded as having also been proficient in colours. He has been seen as chiefly influenced by Bian Wenjin (c. 1400–40), with whom he painted Cranes (hanging scroll, ink on silk, 1.74×0.87 m; Guangzhou, Guangdong Prov. Mus.). He is thought of as one of the foremost protagonists of the Zhe school, painting boldly in ink on silk, with no more than a signature inscribed on his works. Lin Liang also painted magpies, peacocks, pheasants and magnificent eagles, many of them almost filling his hanging scrolls. Birds Assembling in a Thicket (handscroll, ink on paper, 0.34×12.11 m; Beijing, Pal. Mus.) is the finest example of Lin Liang’s lively brushwork. The composition begins with sparrows flying towards the upper branches of a flowering plum in which orioles are singing, then moves deep into the midst of the thicket. Bamboo and a venerable pine dominate in the left half of the scroll, with a final bankside section depicting wading birds beneath rushes. Over 70 birds are shown in all attitudes, from sparrows and kingfishers to a single eagle in the branches of the pine tree. Geese and Reeds (hanging scroll, ink on silk, 1.88×0.99 m; London, BM) exemplifies his work in ink and wash on silk. It shows four geese in the foreground by a swiftly flowing stream. In the stream are small boulders or rocks edged with thick black ink; reeds grow in a dense tangle with a few blades of long grass on the bank, obscuring the view into the middle and far distance. Since the focus is on the foreground, the subjects are large—the two geese in the front are close to full size—yet the painting is not cluttered, owing to the unifying effect of the ink washes and lines. --DOA", +"date": "b. ca. 1416 -1480", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinLonghua", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lin, Longhua", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinShu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lin, Shu", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinShuMin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lin, Shu-Min", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Taipei and resides in New York; studied at the Fu-Shin Arts School in Taipei and the New York Institute of Technology, 1991.", +"date": "born 1963", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinTianmiao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lin, Tianmiao", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Taiyuan, Shanxi, resides in Beijing; studied at Capital Normal University, Beijing and Art Students League, New York, 1989.", +"date": "born 1961", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinTinggui", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lin, Tinggui", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). Alternate names: Lin T'ing-kuei, 林庭珪 Song dynasty Two obscure painters of Ningbo, for instance, Zhou Jichang and Lin Tinggui (neither of them Chan Buddhists), responded in 1178 to a commission from Japan to produce the set of 100 hanging scrolls representing 500 arhats (all but 12 in Shinjuan, Daitokuji, Kyoto); they were painted in a style then current in the imperial academy in nearby Lin’an (modern Hangzhou). --DOA", +"date": "active ca. 1160 - 1180", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinYangzheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lin, Yangzheng", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. from Fujian Province, specializes in woodcut; alternate name: 林仰峥", +"date": "born 1923", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinYilin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lin, Yilin", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Chinese artist, native of Guangzhou, Guangdong, member of China's avant-garde, co-founder of the Big-Tail-Elephant Group of collaborative artists, moved to the United States in 2001.", +"date": "b. 1964", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinYong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lin, Yong", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinZhiyao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lin, Zhiyao", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Fujian Province, member of Anhui branch of the Chinese Artists' Association, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 林之耀", +"date": "born 1942", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinZhuo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lin, Zhuo", +"comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Chinese architect", +"date": "active 2000-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LindeCarlL", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Linde, Carl L.", +"comment": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_L._Linde. ", +"date": "1884-1945", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LindstromJohn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lindstrom, John", +"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. American photographer", +"date": "b. 1938", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinfootBenjamin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Linfoot, Benjamin", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. architectural renderer", +"date": "1840-1912", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LingMan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ling, Man", +"comment": "Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she; Shanghai ban hua xuan ji, Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1963. alternate name: 凌蛮", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinnDavid", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Linn, David", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Oregon builder in Jacksonville", +"date": "active 1860s-1870s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LintermannBernd", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lintermann, Bernd", +"comment": "Shanken, Edward A.; Art and Electronic Media, London; New York: Phaidon Press, 2009. ", +"date": "active early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinthorpeArtPottery", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Linthorpe Art Pottery", +"comment": "Durant, Stuart; Christopher Dresser, London: Academy Editions, 1993. Middlesbrough, Yorkshire", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LipperSusan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lipper, Susan", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. MFA Yale University (Photography, 1983).", +"date": "born 1953", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LippiPesellinoFollower", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lippi-Pesellino Follower", +"comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. Florentine", +"date": "active 1475-1500", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LischewskiH", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lischewski, H.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LittleBrown", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Little, Brown", +"comment": "American century : art & culture. New York : Whitney Museum of American Art in association with W.W. Norton, c1999. vol. 2.. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LittleSidneyW", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Little, Sidney W.", +"comment": "UO AAA Library Architectural Drawing Collection. AAA Architecture student", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LittlejohnCynthiaPugh", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Littlejohn, Cynthia Pugh", +"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. ", +"date": "1890-1959", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuBingjiang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Bingjiang", +"comment": "Cohen, Joan Lebold; New Chinese Painting, 1949-1986, New York: Harry Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1987. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuCai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Cai", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l42c23 Alternate names: Liu Ts'ai, 劉寀 Song dynasty Painted fishes. --Seymour", +"date": "active ca. 1068 - d. after 1123", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuChunhua", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Chunhua", +"comment": "Laing, Ellen Johnston; Winking Owl: Art from the People's Republic of China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988 (0520060970). from Heilongjiang", +"date": "born 1944", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuDahong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Dahong", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", +"date": "active ca. 1990", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuDu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Du", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l42d42 Alternate names: Liu Tu, 劉度 Ming dynasty From Hangzhou. Active ca. 1650. Pupil of Lan Ying. Scholar. Painted figures and landscapes after Li Cheng, Li Zhaodao, and Zhao Buzhu. --Seymour", +"date": "active ca. 1636 - 1652", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuFang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Fang", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuGongliu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Gongliu", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuGuandao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Guandao", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l42g38d26 Alternate names: Liu Kuan-tao, 劉貫道 Yuan dynasty Summoned to paint portrait of Kubilai Khan in 1279. Painted Buddhist and Taoist figures, portraits, and landscapes. --Seymour", +"date": "active ca. 1270 - 1300", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuHaisu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Haisu", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Wujin, Jiangsu province. leader of art schools in Nanjing and Shanghai; combined traditional Chinese painting methods with European techniques and proposed this fusion as a model for art education in China.", +"date": "ca. 1895-1994", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuHanyun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Hanyun", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese peasant painter", +"date": "active third quarter 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuHuisheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Huisheng", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Liu Hui-sheng ", +"date": "active mid 20th century ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuJack", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Jack", +"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. American photographer", +"date": "b. 1952", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuJianan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Jian'an", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Zouping, Shandong Province; original name: Liu Dianqing; alternate name: 刘建庵", +"date": "1917-1971", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuJianhua", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Jianhua", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Ji'an, Jiangxi Province; studied sculpture at the Art Institute of Jingdezhen, Jiangxi province; lives and works in Shanghai.", +"date": "b. 1962", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuJie", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Jie", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l42j29 Alternate names: Liu Chieh, 劉節 Ming dynasty From Hunan. Son of painter Liu Jin. Painted fishes. --Seymour", +"date": "active ca. 1522 - 1566", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuJun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Jun", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l42j39 Alternate names: Liu Chün, 劉俊 Ming dynasty Court painter and officer of the imperial guard. Painted Taoist figures and landscapes in the style of Wu Wei. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 1500", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuKuiling", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Kuiling", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuLun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Lun", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born Huiyang, Guangdong Province; alternate names: 刘仑", +"date": "born 1913", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuMing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Ming", +"comment": "China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. Chinese artist, born in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province; graduated from the Nanjing Art Academy; emigrated to Paris in 1991.", +"date": "b. 1957", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuQimin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Qimin", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Tianjing, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 刘其敏", +"date": "born 1929", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuRentao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Rentao", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese painter, born in Shenyang; graduated 1990 from Shenyang University; lives and works in Shanghai.", +"date": "b. 1965", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuShengzhan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Shengzhan", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuShiru", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Shiru", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l42s43r33 Alternate names: Liu Shih-ju, 劉世儒 Ming dynasty From Zhejiang province. Painted plum blossoms in the style of Wang Mian. --Seymour", +"date": "1517 - after 1601", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuWei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Wei", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist; born in Beijing; graduated from the China Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou; lives in Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1972", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuWenxi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Wenxi", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", +"date": "born 1933", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuXian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Xian", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). A native of Lanfeng county, Henan province, enrolled at the Shanghai Arts College, also studied at the Imperial Arts College in Tokyo. Alternate name: 刘岘", +"date": "1915-1990", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuXiaodong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Xiaodong", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Jinzhou, Liaoning Province; graduated 1995 from Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1963", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuXuxu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Xuxu", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Liu Hsu-hsu", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuYanchong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Yanchong", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuYe", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Ye", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Beijing; 1986-1989 Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing; graduated 1994 from the Hochschule der Kunste Berlin.", +"date": "b. 1964", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuYongle", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Yongle", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuYongnian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Yongnian", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l42y33n34 Alternate names: Liu Yung-nien, 劉永年 Song dynasty From Gaifeng province. Related to the Imperial Song family. Painted figures, flowers, birds, fruit, animals, Buddhist and Taoist subjects, insects and fishes. --Seymour", +"date": "1030 - after 1088", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuYongxian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Yongxian", +"comment": "Nebiolo, Gino; La Cina dei Cinesi, Ivrea: Priuli & Verlucca, 1973. Chinese peasant painter during the Cultural Revolution", +"date": "active ca. 1965", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuYu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Yu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l42y35 Alternate names: Liu Yü, 柳堉 Qing dynasty From Nanking. Poet and calligrapher. painted landscapes following Dong Yuan and Juran. --Seymour", +"date": "second half 17th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuYuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Yuan", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l42y37 Alternate names: Liu Yüan , 劉瑗 Song dynasty Landscape painter and connoisseur of ancient pictures. --Seymour", +"date": "12th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuYuanqi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Yuanqi", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l42y37q22 Alternate names: Liu Yüan-ch'i, 劉原起 Ming dynasty From Suzhou. Pupil of Qian Gu. Poet. Painted landscapes. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 1620 - 1633", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuYulian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Yulian", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist", +"date": "active ca. 1980", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuZheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Zheng", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese photographer, born in Wuqiang, Hebei Province; lives and works in Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1969", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuZhide", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Zhide", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Liu Chih-teh", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuZhigui", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liu, Zhigui", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign language Press , 1974. alternate name: Liu Chih-kuei", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuthardofReichenauAbbey", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Liuthard of Reichenau Abbey", +"comment": "Fuhrmann, Horst and Florentine Mūtherich; Evangeliar Heinrichs des Lōwen und das Mittelalterliche Herrscherbild, Munich: Prestel-Verlag, 1986. monk, head of the Reichenau Abbey scriptorium", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LivingMuseum", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Living Museum", +"comment": "Heartney, Eleanor; Art & Today, New York: Phaidon Press, Inc., 2008. a group of artists-in-residence at the Creedmoor Psychiatric Center in Queens, NY who are also patients at the hospital. The project refuse to consider their artmaking simply a form of therapy or as a diagnostic tool.", +"date": "founded 1983", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LivingstoneWilliam", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Livingstone, William", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Scottish-born Canadian landscape designer", +"date": "active 1939-1980", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LizongEmperorofChina", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lizong, Emperor of China", +"comment": "Fong, Wen C. Beyond representation : Chinese Painting and Calligraphy, 8th-14th Century. New York : Metropolitan Museum of Art New Haven : Yale University Press, c1992.. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LlesC", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lles, C.", +"comment": "Ariza Muñoz, Carmen; Jardines de Madrid: Paseos Arbolados, Plazas y Parques, Madrid: Ayuntamiento de Madrid y Lunwerg Editores, 2001. ", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LloydofNatal", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lloyd of Natal", +"comment": "Bernard, Bruce; Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography, 1840-1940, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. ", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LobelPH", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lobel, P. H.", +"comment": "Rennert, Jack; Posters of the Belle Epoque: the Wine Spectator Collection, New York: Wine Spectator Press, 1990. Beyond the fact that he was a skilled lithographer and that his work sold through 'La Plume' magazine's Editions d'Art, virtually nothing is known of Lobel's life. His artistic legacy is meager as well, consisting of only a few posters; yet those are enough to show that he deserves inclusion in Toulouse-Lautrec's circle of influence. ", +"date": "late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LöberA", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Löber, A.", +"comment": "Curtius, Ludwig; Antike Rom, Wien: Verlag Anton Schroll & Co., 1944. 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American photographer", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LochnerIrmgard", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lochner, Irmgard", +"comment": "Dodds, Jerrilynn D.; Al-Andalus: the Art of Islamic Spain, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1992. illustrator", +"date": "active 1990s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LockermanStudio", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lockerman Studio", +"comment": "Perry, Rachel Berenson; T.C. Steele & the Society of Western Artists, 1896-1914, Bloomington; Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2009. 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In October 2000 Lovell Johns became a wholly owned subsidiary of Avusa Ltd, a South African based media conglomerate quoted on the Johannesburg stock exchange.", +"date": "active 1970s-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LovellHumphrey", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lovell, Humphrey", +"comment": "Girouard, Mark; Elizabethan Architecture: Its Rise and Fall, 1540-1640, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. mason", +"date": "active 1550-1570", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LowArtTileWorks", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Low Art Tile Works", +"comment": "Kaplan, Wendy. The Art That's Life. Boston, Museum of Fine Arts.. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LoxleyB", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Loxley, B.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LoyauMarcelFrancois", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Loyau, Marcel Francois", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "born 1895", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuDi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lu, Di", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province; learn woodcut independently; alternate name: 陆地", +"date": "born 1917", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuGuang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lu, Guang", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l45g39 Alternate names: Lu Kuang, 陸廣 Yuan dynasty Form Suzhou. Painted landscapes. --Seymour", +"date": "second quarter 14th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuHao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lu, Hao", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Beijing; graduated 1992 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1969", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuHong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lu, Hong", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l45h33 Alternate names: Lu Hung, 盧鴻 Tang dynasty From Hubei province. Retired to Mt. Song, which he described in poems and a series of pictures. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 713 - 742", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuHsienMing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lu, Hsien-Ming", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese artist, born in Taipei, graduated from Culture University", +"date": "b. 1959", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuHuancheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lu, Huancheng", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l45h38c39 Alternate names: Lü Huan-ch'eng, 呂煥成 Qing dynasty From Zhejiang province. Painted figures, flowers, and landscapes in the style of Luo Mu. --Seymour", +"date": "1630 - after 1705", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuHui", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lu, Hui", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l45h42 Alternate names: Lu Hui, 陸恢 Modern From Jiangsu province. Painter of the traditional school. Painted landscapes, figures, flowers, birds, fruit. Inscription in running script style dated 1901. --Seymour", +"date": "1851 - 1920", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuLengjia", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lu, Lengjia", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l45l29j25 Alternate names: Lu Leng-chia, 盧楞伽 Tang dynasty From Xi'an (Chang'an) province. Famous picture of "16 Lohan Crossing the Ocean." Wall paintings in Buddhist temples in Xi'an, Loyang, and later Chengdu. Also other religious pictures. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 730 - 760", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LüMeng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lü, Meng", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Yongkang, Zhejiang Province; alternate name:吕蒙; original name: Xu Jingxiang, 徐京祥", +"date": "born 1915", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LüMin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lü, Min", +"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Kunming, Yunnan province", +"date": "born 1962", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LüNan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lü, Nan", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. independent documentary photographer", +"date": "late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LüPinjing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lü, Pinjing", +"comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Chinese architect", +"date": "active ca. 1990-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuQing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lu, Qing", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Shenyang, Liaoning Province; graduated 1989 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1965", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuShidao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lu, Shidao", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l45s43d26 Alternate names: Lu Shih-tao, 陸師道 Ming dynasty From Suzhou. Pupil of Wen Chengming. Poetry, calligraphy, inscriptions. Landscapes in the style of Ni Zan. --Seymour", +"date": "1510 - 1570", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuTan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lu, Tan", +"comment": "Zhu Xiaofang Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981and Wang Jinxian; Shan Xi Chang Zhi Gu Xian Cun Song Dai Bi Hua Mu, Wen Wu, vol. 2005, no. 4. alternate name: 路坦", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuTi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lu, Ti", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Cixi, Zhejiang Province; original name: Ye Jianming; alternate name: 路荑 ", +"date": "born 1933", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuTian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lu, Tian", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1931-1949 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981;. alternate name: 陆田", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuWei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lu, Wei", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l45w26 Alternate names: Lu Wei, 陸__ Qing dynasty From Jiangsu province. Landscapes, followed the two Mi and Gao Kegong. --Seymour", +"date": "active ca. 1700", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuWenying", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lu, Wenying", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l45w27y32 Alternate names: Lü Wen-ying, 呂文英 Ming dynasty From Zhejiang province. Called Little Lu. Summoned to palace with Lu Qi. Painted toy peddler. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 1488 - 1505", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuXun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lu, Xun", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuYanshao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lu, Yanshao", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", +"date": "1909-1993", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuYifei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lu, Yifei", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province; alternate name: 陆一飞", +"date": "1931-2005", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuYingxiang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lu, Yingxiang", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuYuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lu, Yuan", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l45y37 Alternate names: Lu Yüan, 陸遠 Qing dynasty From Suzhou. Painted landscapes. --Seymour", +"date": "active ca. 1665 - 1694", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuZhi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lu, Zhi", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l45z44 Alternate names: Lu Chih, 陸治 Ming dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 1496; d Suzhou, 1576). Chinese painter and minor poet. He is associated with the Wu school of painters active in Suzhou during the Ming period (1368–1644). Lu’s surviving paintings date to 1523–74; the most distinctive, executed between 1547 and 1555, represent a synthesis between the literati style of painting (wenren hua), as exemplified by Wen Zhengming (see Wen, (1)), and the professional tradition, as epitomized by Qiu ying. Lu himself was a literatus: after he passed the local civil-service examination, his studies were supported by the prefectural government, though he never succeeded in the provincial examination. In 1557, at the age of 61, he was awarded the largely honorary gongsheng degree and allowed to retire. Lu lived a life of genteel poverty. With the exception of two years as an instructor in a Confucian school in the early 1520s, he did not accept employment, refusing the hopeful students who sought him out. In the mid-1550s he built a retreat outside Suzhou on Mt Zhixing, where he lived in relative seclusion until the age of 80, when failing health forced him to return to the city. His biographer Wang Shizhen noted that Lu was somewhat misanthropic: he barred the door and hid at the approach of unwanted guests, though he might talk the night away over home-made chrysanthemum wine with a few select friends. Lu moved only on the fringes of the artistic and intellectual circles surrounding Wen Zhengming and probably did not study directly with the older artist, although Wen’s paintings, ubiquitous in Suzhou, exerted a seminal influence on his development. In fact, two major lines of interest are revealed in Lu’s early works: one is exemplified by the hanging scroll Reading the Yijing by a Snowy Window (1524; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), which explores the fine textures and traceries of bare branches in a mode characteristic of Wen Zhengming; the other is represented by the handscroll Combined Painting and Calligraphy of Wen Zhengming and Lu Zhi (Wen Zhengming Lu Zhi shuhua hebi juan, 1535; Beijing, Pal. Mus.), which features swelling volumes and packed spaces in a style associated with Wen’s teacher Shen zhou. The two lines of interest are combined in Lu’s paintings of the 1540s. For example, a landscape hanging scroll (c. 1540; Chicago, IL, A. Inst.) explores the tensions between surface and depth and between linear pattern and volumetric form. Such juxtapositions continued into Lu’s artistic maturity, as for example in the masterwork Jade Field (see fig.). In this painting, a complex of motifs centres on a cave entrance, evoking the literary and artistic theme of the Peach Blossom Spring, land of the immortals. The cave depicted in the scroll is recognizable as a specific place, the Zhang Gong Stalactite Grotto in Yixing County, a subject that had also been painted by Shen Zhou, but it is identified with the cave-entrance to paradise by the use of the Blue-and-green (qinglü) colour scheme and angular brushwork associated with both antique painting styles and paradisaical imagery. The composition is close in style to the tradition of the Yuan master of literati painting Wang meng, as transmitted by Wen Zhengming, though the angular brushwork and crystalline rock forms are based on the professional version of the Blue-and-green tradition practised by Qiu Ying. Lu continued to depict complexes of real and mythical imagery in a similar style until the mid-1550s. He then developed a quieter vision, executing several topographical paintings, including the 16-leaf album, Journey to Baiyue (1554; Kyoto, Fujii Yurinkan Mus.), and a handscroll painted during a trip to Nanjing (1558; Tianjin, Mus. A.). Several important works from the 1560s are in the styles of old masters, notably Daoist Retreat among Streams and Mountains (1567; Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.) in the style of Ni Zan and Hermit Fisherman at Huaqi (1568; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). From 1565 until his death, Lu was in at least occasional contact with Wang Shizhen, a leading literary figure who lived in nearby Taicang and collected works by many Wu school painters. Lu executed many paintings at Wang’s request, including his latest surviving work, a copy (1574; Shanghai Mus.) of the 40-leaf album of Mt Hua by Wang Li (b 1332). Lu was influential mainly for his combining of literati and professional devices in his painting, which prepared the way for later artists in Suzhou and elsewhere. --DOA", +"date": "1496 - 1576", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuZonggui", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lu, Zonggui", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l45z58g42 Alternate names: Lu Tsung-kuei, 魯宗貴 Song dynasty From Zhejiang province. Painted flowers, bamboo, orchids, animals. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 1228 - 1233", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LubinLera", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lubin, Lera", +"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LublinLea", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lublin, Lea", +"comment": "Schimmel, Paul. Out of Actions: Between Performance the the Object, 1949-1979. Los Angeles, Calif. : The Museum of Contemporary Art New York : Thames and Hudson, 1998. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuciusFabricius", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lucius Fabricius", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Curator of the roads and a member of the gens Fabricia of Rome", +"date": "active mid 1st century BCE", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LudovisiLudovico", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ludovisi, Ludovico", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Cardinal, nephew of Poper Gregory XV", +"date": "ca.1595-1632", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LudwigAlois", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ludwig, Alois", +"comment": "Der Architekt, vol. 2. ", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LudwikIDukeofBrzegandLegnica", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ludwik I, Duke of Brzeg and Legnica", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "ca. 1321-1398", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LugerMax", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Luger, Max", +"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuisAdurizAndoni", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Luis Aduriz, Andoni", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "born 1971", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LukerMark", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Luker, Mark", +"comment": "Torrens, Deborah; Fashion Illustrated: A Review of Women's Dress, 1920-1950, New York: Hawthorne Books, Inc. Publishers, 1975. British fashion designer and illustrator", +"date": "ca. 1919-1972", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LunacharskyAnatolyVasilievich", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lunacharsky, Anatoly Vasilievich", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Lunacharsky was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and the first Soviet People's Commissar of Enlightenment responsible for culture and education. He was active as an art critic and journalist throughout his career.", +"date": "1875-1933", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LundinD", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lundin, D.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuoBrothers", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Luo Brothers", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Group of Chinese artists who live and work in Beijing: group consists of Luo Weidong (born 1963); Luo Weiguo (born 1964); and Luo Weibing (born 1972).", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuoChuang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Luo, Chuang", +"comment": "Fachang, Shih Ruofen, Teisuke Toda; Mokkei, Gyokkan, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1973. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuoGongliu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Luo, Gongliu", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", +"date": "born 1916", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuoMingjun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Luo, Mingjun", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist. Member of Zero Art Group (Ling yishu jituan), wrote their manifesto.", +"date": "b. 1963", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuoPing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Luo, Ping", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l48p37 Alternate names: Lo P'ing, 羅__ Qing dynasty (b Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 1733; d 1799). Chinese painter and writer. Luo was the youngest of the major Yangzhou school painters of the 18th century and a significant innovator in the genres of portraiture and depiction of ghosts. Born into a family of scholar–officials, in his early career Luo was much influenced by Jin Nong, his teacher in poetry and painting from about 1757. After Jin’s death in 1763 Luo undertook the editing of some of his mentor’s writings, together with other quasi-filial duties. Jin’s historical and self-conscious exploration of a broad range of genres, including plum and bamboo painting, portraiture and Buddhist figure painting, clearly influenced Luo’s choice of subject-matter. However, the relationship was not one-sided: Luo was more technically accomplished than his teacher and probably painted works to which Jin signed his own name. Luo’s portrait Jin Nong Taking a Noon Nap (hanging scroll; 1760; Shanghai Mus.) is notably informal and irreverent in style. Several other paintings from Luo’s early career document both his entrance, by the early 1760s, into the cultured circles of south-east China and his exploration of the significance of portraiture. A second portrait, Jin Nong, and an image of the antiquarian and seal-carver Ding Jing (hanging scrolls on paper; both Hangzhou, Zhejiang Prov. Mus.) depict the scholars as luohan (Skt: arhats) and reflect Luo’s religious interests as well as his flexible conception of the self. Related to these paintings is a portrait of the Chan Buddhist Master Tan (hanging scroll; 1763; Suzhou Mus.), the inscription on which suggests a composite identity for the sitter, part contemporary monk and part legendary Chan eccentric. Luo’s probing of the conceptual boundaries of portraiture recurs in a portrait of the eminent writer, Yuan Mei (1781; Muko, Shujiro Shimada priv. col.), where the problematic nature of the identity of the subject is noted by the sitter in his long and witty inscription. After Jin’s death, Luo travelled widely: in 1764 and 1765 he visited parts of Jiangsu, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces, and in 1771 and 1779 he went to Beijing, where he remained until the last months of his life. As earlier in Yangzhou, Luo associated with many leading scholar–officials and literary men of the capital. His greatest success, though a qualified one, was an eight-section scroll, the Guiqu tu (‘The fascination of ghosts’; see fig.), painted before 1772. One of Luo’s several variations on the theme, this painting bears a number of appreciative and critical inscriptions. Luo’s ghost scenes reflect, and perhaps exploit, a broad contemporary taste for the literary genre of ghost stories. Nonetheless, the sincerity of his interest in ghosts and other occult phenomena is certain; his essay collection Woxin lu (‘Record of my beliefs’; 1791) has chapters on reincarnation, ghosts and spirits, as well as on the significance of many of his paintings. Moreover, in comparison to the merely humorous grotesqueries of contemporary standard ghost paintings, Luo’s Guiqu tu is distinguished both by its subtly appropriate technical devices—murkily suffused ink washes, bleeding, indistinct contours and eerily unnatural colours—and by its glimpses of anguish, confusion and terror associated with the human world. Luo’s largest body of work comprised minor technical and compositional variations on the standard Yangzhou school themes of bamboo, plum and epidendrum. He also painted explicitly Buddhist themes, sometimes on temple walls. Two landscape albums from around the 1770s best display his technical mastery, together with a thematic subtlety and ingenuity to rival anything of his century: Landscapes (Princeton U., NJ, A. Mus.) and Landscapes Illustrating the Poems of Jiang Kui of the Southern Song (1774; Washington, DC, Freer). The latter includes such inventive scenes as a rabbit fleeing the vividly realized chaos of a forest fire. Despite his originality and early success, Luo spent his later years living quietly in Beijing temples or at the residences of patrons, and he died almost destitute, exemplifying the precarious position of the institutionally independent artist of the 18th century, subject to financial pressures and shifting tastes. --DOA", +"date": "1733 - 1799", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuoQingzhen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Luo, Qingzhen", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Xingning, Guangdong Province; alternate name: 罗清桢", +"date": "1905-1942", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuoZhichuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Luo, Zhichuan", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l48z44c48 Alternate names: Lo Chih-ch'uan, 羅稚川 Yuan dynasty, unrecorded From Jiangsu province. Scholar and associate of noted literati of the time. Painted birds. --Seymour", +"date": "d. before 1330", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuoZhongli", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Luo, Zhongli", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", +"date": "born 1948", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Lupov", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lupov", +"comment": "Calendar: thirty years of the Soviet State, 1917-1947, Moscow: Foreign Languages Pub. House, 1947. ", +"date": "active 1917", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LutesandAmundsen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lutes and Amundsen", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LutesDonaldH", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lutes, Donald H.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LutesSanetelArchitects", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lutes, Sanetel Architects", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LüttichHans", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lüttich, Hans", +"comment": "Pigeat, Jean-Paul; Gardens of the World: Two Thousand Years of Garden Design, English language edition, Paris: Editions Flammarion, 2003. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuttonBen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lutton, Ben", +"comment": "Daniel, Noel; Magic: 1400s-1950s, Cologne: Taschen, 2009. Painter of sideshow banners. ", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LutzRudolf", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lutz, Rudolf", +"comment": "Fiedler, Jeannine and Peter Feierabend; Bauhaus, Cologne: Konemann, 2000. ", +"date": "1895-1966", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuzSolar", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "LuzSolar", +"comment": "David A. Bainbridge Gift Collection, Architecture and Allied Arts Library, University of Oregon. ", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LycettEdward", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lycett, Edward", +"comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. ", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Lykorgos", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lykorgos", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LynneJill", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Lynne, Jill", +"comment": "Cohen, Joyce Tenneson; In/Sights: Self Portraits by Women, Boston: David R. Godine Publisher, 1978. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/lynxarchitecture", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "lynx architecture", +"comment": "Roth, Manuela; Ecological Living, Kempen: teNeus Verlag, 2009. German architectural firm", +"date": "active ca. 1990-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MArtGroup", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "M Art Group", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. An artist collective founded in October 1986 by Song Haidong who taught at the Shanghai Art College. In the group's manifesto, they advocated that artists leave their studios and engage with the people at large, thus bypassing the old value systems and institutions. In their performance art, the works were unconventional: often violent, masochistic and sadistic, featuring wild behavior and violence enacted on their own and each others' bodies.", +"date": "formed 1986", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MandHSchrenkeisen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "M. & H. Schrenkeisen", +"comment": "Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute; Masterpieces of American furniture from the Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, NY: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1999. New York, New York firm of Martin (died ca. 1900) and Henry (died 1887)", +"date": "1859-1903", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MF", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "M. F.", +"comment": "Der Architekt, vol. 2. ", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MLGreenwoodandCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "M. L. Greenwood and Company", +"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. Subsidiary of Eagle Iron Works, founded by Miles Greenwood", +"date": "1844-ca. 1898", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MSeeger", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "M. Seeger", +"comment": "Deutsches Historisches Museum; Kunst! Kommerz! Visionen!: Deutsche Plakate, 1888-1933, Heidelberg: Edition Braus, 1992. Stuttgart", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MWitmarkandSons", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "M. Witmark and Sons", +"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MEandOHCollins", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "M.E and O.H Collins", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MP", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "M.P.", +"comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. artist of work +5133", +"date": "active 1936", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaDa", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ma, Da", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Beiliu, Guangxi Province; alternate name: 马达", +"date": "1903-1978", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaDasheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ma, Dasheng", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist and poet, self taught, born in Beijing; member of the artists group Stars (Xingxing) from 1978-1980; has lived in France since 1986.", +"date": "b. 1952", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaHezhi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ma, Hezhi", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). m22h27z44 Alternate names: Ma Ho-chih, 馬和之 Song dynasty (fl Qiantang, Lin’an [now Hangzhou], Zhejiang Province, c. second half of 12th century). Chinese painter. A painter of classical themes at the Southern Song (1127–1279) court in Lin’an, modern Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, Ma was known for his distinctive brushwork, marked by variations in hand pressure. However, the details of his life are obscure; sparse and contradictory information appears in different sources. A native of the Hangzhou area, Ma probably came from a humble family and did not interact with prominent men of letters, whose occasional poems and other writings might otherwise have mentioned his name. Zhuang Su records that Ma studied for the national-level civil service examination to gain the title of jinshi and that he rose to become an executive in the Board of Works. A competing tradition, originating with a list of court painters compiled by the connoisseur Zhou Mi (1232–98), places Ma in the Imperial Academy rather than among educated officials working in the esteemed literati painting tradition (see China, §V, 4). The question of whether Ma was primarily a scholar–painter or an Academy painter remains a live issue. Despite the controversy over Ma’s status, connoisseurs have generally agreed that his peculiarly vibrant brushwork characterizes him as a follower of the Tang (ad 618–907) virtuoso painter Wu Daozi, whose use of broken contour lines and variations in brush pressure suggested three-dimensional form and kinaesthetic energy. Since the Buddhist temples in which Wu created his wall paintings were mostly destroyed by Ma’s time, it is likely that Ma learnt the style through the mediation of Wu’s Northern Song (960–1127) followers. Particularly influential to Ma’s artistic development was the 11th-century artist Li Gonglin, who tempered the extroverted Wu Daozi style with the introspection and elegance associated with such Six Dynasties (ad 222–589) painters as Gu Kaizhi and Lu Tanwei (c. 440–c. 500). Li’s revival of archaic subjects and styles also provided important models for Ma and his contemporaries. Connoisseurs traditionally characterized Ma’s brushwork as piaoyi (‘fluttering and untrammelled’) and described his strokes with vivid metaphors, such as ‘orchid leaf’, ‘willow leaf’ or ‘wasp waist’. His variations in brush pressure create a sense of life and movement in landscape forms as well as figures, and his technique of layering an area with multiple strokes of different tonalities and thickness enriches surface texture, as well as suggesting volume and depth. The flaring and ebbing of his brushlines create an impression of calligraphic brilliance while also suggesting strong contrasts of light and shadow on three-dimensional forms. Ma’s style was perhaps too individual to inspire later followers, indeed he had no major ones. The subject for which Ma is best known is his illustration of the Mao version of the Shijing (‘Book of odes’; see fig.) done for Emperor Gaozong (reg 1127–62), probably after his abdication. This consists of a group of handscrolls (New York, Met.; London, BM; Boston, Mus. F.A.; Kyoto, Fujii Yurinkan Mus.; Beijing, Pal. Mus.; Shenyang, Liaoning Prov. Mus.; and Shanghai Mus.) featuring pictures in ink and colours alternating with the texts of the 305 poems transcribed by Gaozong or his surrogates. The surviving illustrations are generally thought not to be the work of a single artist, although most seem to belong to the Southern Song period; it seems likely that Ma’s designs were executed in multiple versions by other Court painters. There are many different compositions, including archaistic scenes with figures on blank ground, figures in full settings and innovative landscapes without figures. Ma’s surviving masterpiece is generally acknowledged to be his illustration, in ink and slight colour on silk, of Su Shi’s Chibi houfu (‘Second ode on the red cliff’; Beijing, Pal. Mus.). In contrast to other early illustrators of the subject, who followed Su’s text section by section, Ma attempted to capture the poetic flavour with a few suggestive images: the poet and his friends in a boat on a broad, moonlit river, a crane flying overhead and a prominent cliff. The flickering brushwork of the rocks and trees and the restless swirls of water masterfully evoke the poet’s emotional state. The illustration is followed by Gaozong’s transcription of the text in draft cursive (zhangcaoshu) calligraphy, with the seals of Gaozong’s retirement palace. Ma’s style is also exemplified by a pair of album leaves, Old Tree by Water and Cranes Crying by a Clear Spring (both Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). In ink monochrome on paper, these display a rich variety of even more sensitive brushwork. Despite their current titles, they illustrate poems from the Shijing and may represent master drafts for the more formal Shijing scrolls. Although the tiny signatures on the two works may be later additions, the reliability of the paintings is attested by the seals of Ma’s biographer Zhuang Su, who was an important collector and connoisseur. --DOA", +"date": "d. ca. 1190", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaJian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ma, Jian", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese writer from Qingdao, Shandong, resides in Beijing.", +"date": "born 1953", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaJienya", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ma, Jienya", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Ma Chien-ya", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaJun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ma, Jun", +"comment": "Barnhart, Richard M; Painters of the great Ming: the Imperial Court and the Zhe School, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 1993. Ming dynasty", +"date": "15th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaJunxiang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ma, Junxiang", +"comment": "Clunas, Craig; Art in China, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaKelu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ma, Kelu", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter, part of the No Name group and the Yuyuantan Lake School of Painting (Yuyuantan huapai)", +"date": "born 1954", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaLin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ma, Lin", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). m22l38 Alternate names: Ma Lin, 馬麟 Song dynasty Ma family: Chinese family of painters. The Ma family was from Hezhong (modern Yongqi) in Shanxi Province. They established an unbroken line of five generations of artists: Ma Fen (b 1080–90); Ma Xingzu (b 1105–15); Ma Gongxian and Ma Shirong (b 1130–40); (1) Ma Yuan (d after 1225); Ma Kui (b 1155–65); and (2) Ma Lin (d after 1256). Based on the 1298 notation in Hua ji buyi (see Zhuang Su, p. 14) and backed by the style of his most famous surviving painting, Yaoshan and Li Ao (Kyoto, Nanzenji), Ma Gongxian may well have been Ma Yuan’s grandson. This continuity appears to have resulted from a decree (1056) of the emperor Renzong (reg 1023–63) to the effect that court painters were forbidden to transfer into the regular system of civil service and the advancement this implied, ‘so that their arts can be handed down and specialized for generations to come’ (see 1980–81 exh. cat., p. xxviii). --DOA", +"date": "mid 13th century, d. after 1246", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaLiuming", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ma, Liuming", +"comment": "Heartney, Eleanor; Art & Today, New York: Phaidon Press, Inc., 2008. Chinese artist, born in Huangshi, Hubei Province, resides in Beijing; studied at Hubei Academy of Fine Arts, 1991.", +"date": "b. 1969", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaQinglian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ma, Qinglian", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Liaoyang, Liaoning Province; joined in Liaoning branch of the Chinese Artists' Association in 1979; alternate name: 马庆廉", +"date": "born 1942", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaQuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ma, Quan", +"comment": "Weidner, Marsha, Ellen Johnston Laing, Irving Yucheng Lo, Christina Chu, and James Robinson; Views from Jade Terrace: Chinese Women Artists 1300-1912, Indianapolis: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 1988 (0847810038). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaShi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ma, Shi", +"comment": "Kobayashi, Tadashi, Taishu Komatsu and Shugu Asano; Ukiyoe, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaShirong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ma, Shirong", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). m22s43r29 Alternate names: Ma Shih-jung, 馬世榮 Song dynasty Ma family: Chinese family of painters. The Ma family was from Hezhong (modern Yongqi) in Shanxi Province. They established an unbroken line of five generations of artists: Ma Fen (b 1080–90); Ma Xingzu (b 1105–15); Ma Gongxian and Ma Shirong (b 1130–40); (1) Ma Yuan (d after 1225); Ma Kui (b 1155–65); and (2) Ma Lin (d after 1256). Based on the 1298 notation in Hua ji buyi (see Zhuang Su, p. 14) and backed by the style of his most famous surviving painting, Yaoshan and Li Ao (Kyoto, Nanzenji), Ma Gongxian may well have been Ma Yuan’s grandson. This continuity appears to have resulted from a decree (1056) of the emperor Renzong (reg 1023–63) to the effect that court painters were forbidden to transfer into the regular system of civil service and the advancement this implied, ‘so that their arts can be handed down and specialized for generations to come’ (see 1980–81 exh. cat., p. xxviii). --DOA", +"date": "ca. 1131 - 1162", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaShouzhen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ma, Shouzhen", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). m22s44z42 Alternate names: Ma Shou-chen, Ma Xianglan, 馬守貞 Ming dynasty Courtesan in Nanjing, renowned for her beauty, charm and outstanding talent in painting, which began in childhood. Most famous relationship was her lifelong affair with popular poet and calligrpaher Wang Zhideng. Ma's painting specialty was orchids, particularly in the "double-outline" technique. Her affinity for the flower resulted in taking the name Xianglan ("Xiang River Orchid"). Her painting skill was recognized by her contemporaries and her works were widely collected. --Weidner So many courtesans took up the brush in the late Ming that the period might be regarded as the age of the courtesan in the history of Chinese women painters. Ma Shouzhen shared the stage with such other painting courtesans as Xue Susu ( fl late 16th–mid-17th century), Lin Xue ( fl first half 17th century), Gu Mei (1619–64), Dong Bai (1625–51) and Liu Shi (1618–64). All are known because of their alliances with leading literati. To win upper-class admirers, these women cultivated skills in poetry, calligraphy, painting and music, the same pastimes enjoyed by their clients. With some exceptions, such as Lin Xue, who specialized in landscape, the courtesans generally painted simple floral and plant subjects that could be easily mastered and spontaneously executed for the amusement of a gentleman caller. The orchid, a metaphor for a beauty living in pure seclusion, was a favourite subject. Ma Shouzhen painted orchids in ink, or in ink and light colours, with a delicate touch and calculated refinement.--DOA", +"date": "1548-1604", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaYali", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ma, Yali", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Ma Ya-li", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaYuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ma, Yuan", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). m22y37 Alternate names: Ma Yüan, 馬遠 Song dynasty (b Qiantang, Lin’an [modern Hangzhou], Zhejiang Province, c. 1155; d after 1225). Together with Xia gui, he is often mentioned in Chinese criticism as epitomizing the highest level of painting at the Southern Song (1127–1279) Academy centred in Lin’an (within the area of modern Hangzhou), Zhejiang Province (see China, §V, 4(i)(c)). There is no clear account of Ma Yuan’s life. He appears to have served as zhihou (usher) and daizhao (painter in attendance) under three emperors: Guangzong (reg 1190–94), Ningzong (reg 1195–1224) and Lizong (reg 1225–64). He was certainly a mature and celebrated painter by 1200. In that year Ningzong’s favourite concubine, surnamed Yang (1162–1232), was elevated to empress and thereafter, as a skilled calligrapher and patron of the arts, often added inscriptions and seals to Ma Yuan’s paintings. For example, the small, unsigned hanging scroll Solitary Fisherman (Tokyo, N. Mus.) bears such a seal with the name of the empress’s palace, Kunning, and a date corresponding to 1211. The handscroll Twelve Scenes of Water (Beijing, Pal. Mus.) bears a seal with a legend referring to the year 1222. This scroll also bears an inscription noting that it was presented to the da liangfu (‘elder two authorities’), a term for the two heads of the military and civilian administration, further confirming that Ma Yuan’s art reached the highest official circles (the ‘elder’ was her nephew, Yang Gu). Empress Yang’s calligraphy or seals occur on a further important group of Ma Yuan paintings, including the two flower studies Apricot and Peach and Banquet by Lantern Light (all Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), as well as on the hanging scrolls depicting 9th- and 10th-century Chan Buddhist patriarchs Yunmen and Fayan (both Kyoto, Tenryūji) and Dongshan (Tokyo, N. Mus.). The date of Banquet by Lantern Light can be placed somewhere between 1207 and 1219, helping to further clarify Ma Yuan’s style in the early 13th century. Ma Yuan was a friend of Zhang Zi (1153–c. 1212), a wealthy aristocrat, official and sometime recluse noted for his elegant gardens and the lavish entertainments held there. In a poem for Ma Yuan, inspired by the painting View beneath Groves, which he had commissioned, he equated Ma’s passion for painting with his own passion for poetry. Ma Yuan’s paintings themselves, either by his hand or attibuted, indicate what motivated his art. His subjects are consistent with courtly taste: paintings described above depict evening entertainment in an elegant villa and is a flowering branch that might have grown in the garden of such a villa. The scholarly aristocrat in nature is found in On a Mountain Path in Spring (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). His relationship with Chan Buddhism is reflected not only in the portraits of Tang-period (ad 618–907) patriarchs, but also in his somewhat enigmatic treatment of ordinary subjects, such as the quiet huddle of birds in Egrets in the Snow (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) and the chilled fuel-gatherer in Through Snowy Mountains at Dawn (late 12th to early 13th century; see fig.). Confucian tradition influenced Ma Yuan’s Two Scholars under a Plum Tree (Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.), as well as two scrolls often attributed to him: Composing Poetry on a Spring Outing (Kansas City, MO, Nelson–Atkins Mus. A.; a recent hypothesis connects this painting with Zhang Zi’s garden) and Four Sages of Mt Shang (Cincinnati, OH, A. Mus.). The world of the immortals is treated in Riding a Dragon (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) or in the representation of the Daoist figure Lü Dongbin (Chongqing, Mun. Mus.), and the three sages of Buddhism, Daoism and Confucianism (Shakyamuni, Laozi and Confucius) were depicted in Three Teachings, a painting no longer extant mentioned by the 13th-century critic Zhou Mi. There are also paintings of more complete landscapes, notably Bare Willows and Distant Mountains (Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.) and the attributed Landscape in Wind and Rain (Tokyo, Seikadō Bunko). A recently discovered album (New York, C. C. Wang priv. col.) may further expand the range of this genre. Ma Yuan’s style is particularly characteristic. Words in Chinese criticism used to define it convey notions of condensed concentration: ‘exact severity’ (yanzheng), charcoal or ‘burnt ink’ (jiaomo) and ‘squeezed brush’ (jiabi). His rocks are described as ‘square and hard’ (fangying), and a sharp jab of the brush in defining surfaces, especially of mountain and rock, is termed ‘axe-stroke’ (fupi). His line might be short, broken and abbreviated; the term ‘nail-head, rat tail’ (dingtou shuwei) is applied to it, meaning a line that begins strongly and then tapers. Modern scholars have noted his use of a vibrant stroke known as ‘tremulous brush’ (zhanbi). A striking feature of Ma Yuan’s compositions is the emphasis on one corner. The earliest traced comment on this is from the critic Rao Ziran (fl c. 1340), who pointed out that most compositions considered to be by Ma Yuan were ‘side-cornered’ (bianjiao), although there were also ‘complete compositions’ (quanjing). It was the former, however, that became most persistently associated with Ma; in the 15th century the term ‘one-corner Ma’ appeared. In the early part of the Ming period (1368–1644) the court painter Guo Shun (1370–1444) attached political meaning to Ma Yuan’s striking brevity: ‘the remains of mountains and rivers mean the partial peace of Song’. Ma Yuan’s style, along with that of Xia Gui, was a corner-stone for the development of the Zhe school in the Ming period. By the early 17th century Dong Qichang had identified Ma Yuan with a category of painting he designated the Northern school, connoting lack of individual spontaneity and scholarly refinement. In modern times this narrow view is greatly questioned, and Ma Yuan is considered one of the giants of Chinese painting. --DOA", +"date": "active ca. 1190 - 1224", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaYuanyu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ma, Yuanyu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). m22y37y35 Alternate names: Ma Yüan-yü, 馬元 馭 Qing dynasty From Jiangsu. Pupil of Yun Shouping. Painted birds and landscapes. --Seymour", +"date": "1669 - 1722", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaberrySue", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Maberry, Sue", +"comment": "Broude, Norma and Mary D. Garrar, eds.; Power of Feminist Art: the American Movement of the 1970s, History and Impact, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MacariusSaintBishopofJerusalem", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Macarius, Saint, Bishop of Jerusalem", +"comment": "New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia; http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/. 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", +"date": "born 1941", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Mach", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mach", +"comment": "Bernard, Bruce; Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography, 1840-1940, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. Wedding photographer in Rochester, NY", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MachidaRyuyo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Machida, Ryuyo", +"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. 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Much of his collection of documents, manuscripts, artifacts, and artworks is now in the British Museum and the Oriental and India Office Collections of the British Library.", +"date": "1753-1821", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MackenzieMurdo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mackenzie, Murdo", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. gardener", +"date": "active ca. 1925-1971", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaclarenDenham", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Maclaren, Denham", +"comment": "Baker, Malcolm and Brenda Richardson; Grand Design: the Art of the Victoria and Albert Museum, New York: Harry N. 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American designer of early rock concert posters in San Francisco; born in Philadelphia, became the Fillmore's 'house' artist, studied at the SF Academy of Art and the California College of Arts and Crafts.", +"date": "active late 1960s-early 1970s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MacNaughtonandRaymond", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "MacNaughton & Raymond", +"comment": "Name used by John Reynolds, architect, Eugene, Oregon. ", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MADLtd", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "MAD Ltd.", +"comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Architectural firm based in Beijing, China. It is headed by is Yansong Ma", +"date": "active ca. 2000-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MadiganBrian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Madigan, Brian", +"comment": "Jenkins, Ian; Greek Architecture and Its Sculpture, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006. ", +"date": "active 1970s to present", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MadiganMartha", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Madigan, Martha", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "b. 1950", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaedaMitsugu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Maeda, Mitsugu", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1903-1967", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaedaNariyasu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Maeda, Nariyasu", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1811-1884", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaejimaSoyu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Maejima, Soyu", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "fl. 16th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MagnussenErik", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Magnussen, Erik", +"comment": "Bouillon, Jean-Paul; Art Deco 1903-1940, Geneva: Editions d'Art Albert Skira S.A., 1989. Danish designer", +"date": "first half 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MagoichiNoguchi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Magoichi, Noguchi", +"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Magojiro", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Magojiro", +"comment": "Toda, Teisuke and Ryūsuke Asami; Zenshū jiin to teien : Nanbokuchō, Muromachi no kenchiku chōkoku kōgei, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu. ", +"date": "16th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MagriaRamn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Magria, Ramn", +"comment": "Galmiche, Xavier; Havana Districts of Light, Paris: Vilo, 2001. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MagyJulesEdouardde", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Magy, Jules Edouard de", +"comment": "Peltre, Christine; Orientalism in Art, First Edition, New York: Abbeville Press, 1998. ", +"date": "1827-1878", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaherGeorgeWashington", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Maher, George Washington", +"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. 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", +"date": "1431", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MahmudCelaluddin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mahmud Celaluddin", +"comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. calligrapher Ottoman", +"date": "d. 1829", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MahmudibnYahyaibnalHasanalKashi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mahmud ibn Yahya ibn al-Hasan al-Kashi", +"comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. 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Most of the archives of the firm are conserved in the Boston Athenaeum.", +"date": "1893-1941", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MespouletandMignon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mespoulet and Mignon", +"comment": "Bernard, Bruce; Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography, 1840-1940, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MessedagliaFilippoCesare", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Messedaglia, Filippo Cesare", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1823-1901", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MessrsSwain", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Messrs Swain", +"comment": "Smith, Greg and Sarah Hyde; Walter Crane, 1845-1915: Artist, Designer, Socialist, London: Lund Humphries, in association with the Whitworth Art Gallery, University of Manchester. ", +"date": "active mid 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MestralO", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mestral, O.", +"comment": "Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. New York: Abbeville Press, 1997.. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MetropolitanMuseumMaster", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Metropolitan Museum Master", +"comment": "Getz-Preziosi, Pat; Sculptors of the Cyclades: Individual and Tradition in the Third Millennium B.C., Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1987. ", +"date": "3200-2700 BCE", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MeunierGeorges", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Meunier, Georges", +"comment": "Rennert, Jack; Posters of the Belle Epoque: the Wine Spectator Collection, New York: Wine Spectator Press, 1990. Georges Meunier (1869-1942), a native of Paris, was educated both in the classical tradition and in the new decorative arts. He started as a painter, good enough to have works accepted for the exhibition by the Société des Artistes Français as well as the Salon des Humoristes. In poster work, in which he became active at the age of 25, he was greatly influenced by Jules Chéret; in fact, much of his work was lithographed at the Chaix shop where Chéret also did his posters. A majority of Georges Meunier's poster output dates from the Golden Years, 1894-98; later, he became more active as a book illustrator. ", +"date": "1869-1942", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MewesandDavis", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mewes and Davis", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MeyerJosephFortune", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Meyer, Joseph Fortune", +"comment": "Green, Nancy E. and Jessie Poesch; Arthur Wesley Dow and American Arts and Crafts, New York: American Federation of Arts; Harry N. Abrams, 1999. born Alsace-Lorraine; ceramic artist associated with the Newcomb Pottery atelier in New Orleans", +"date": "1848-1931", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MezrinaAA", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mezrina, A. A.", +"comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", +"date": "1853-1938", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiFu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mi, Fu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). m32f32 Alternate names: Mi Fu (Mi Fei), 米芾 Song dynasty (1) Mi Fu [Mi Fei; zi Yuanzhang, hao Nangong, Lumen Jushi, Xiangyang Manshi, Haiyue Waishi] (b Xiangyang, Hubei Province, 1051; d Huaiyang, Jiangsu Province, 1107). He was an influential calligrapher whose critical assessments and connoisseurship contributed to Chinese aesthetic scholarship. None of his paintings survive, but authenticated copies display an independence of vision greatly admired and frequently imitated. A dedicated antiquarian, he exemplified the Chinese ideal of integrating scholarship, aesthetics and official life. Mi came from a family of cultured, landowning aristocrats and grew up familiar with court life. He began his collection of old calligraphy and paintings as a youth and throughout his life sought to upgrade its quality. He was also an individualist and the subject of numerous anecdotes: his reputation for cleanliness was proverbial. He immersed himself in the study of the past and even wore clothes from the Tang period (ad 618–907). He apparently never took official examinations but nonetheless received numerous governmental appointments, perhaps because of his mother’s former position as wetnurse to the empress Yongsong (reg c. second third of the 11th century). He took advantage of posts throughout the country to study landscape and art collections. When the emperor Huizong (reg 1101–25) founded a college of painting and calligraphy in 1104, Mi was appointed its head (see China, §V, 4(i)(c)). Mi Fu made an extremely thorough study of ancient paintings and calligraphy, and his publications on these subjects are among the most important in the history of Chinese art theory. The Baozheng daifeng lu (‘Records of searches for precious scrolls’; preface dated 1086) presents astute, though fairly conventional, analyses and assessments of early works and reflects his own poetic ability. The practical advice it gives about the care of scrolls is still commonly accepted. In his Hua shi (‘History of painting’) his commentaries about contemporary works are merciless. He presented no fixed rules or classification for the appreciation of painting but based his judgements on his personal aesthetic response to individual works. He felt that the most important quality in a work of art was its naturalness (Chin. tianzhen): not the realism of the image, but rather an artlessness and innocence of content and execution. In keeping with literati theory, his assessments were not confined to form and style but were also concerned with the moral quality of the artist reflected in the work of art (see China, §V, 4(ii)). He considered landscapes to be the only subject really worthy of classification as a creative art: landscapes ‘possess inexhaustible delights, particularly when they have haze, clouds and mist effects; they are beautiful’ (Sirén, p. 34). This description fits his own compositional format. By the time he was 30 Mi had won recognition both as a critic and as a calligrapher. Indeed, he is listed as a calligrapher rather than a painter in the Xuanhe huapu (preface dated 1120), the catalogue of the imperial collection. He is generally classified as one of the Four Great Calligraphers of the Northern Song (960–1127), along with his good friend and mentor, Su Shi, Su’s disciple Huang Tingjian and Cai Xiang (see China, §IV, 2(iv)). Mi was proficient in numerous scripts, and many signed examples of his calligraphy still exist. These are much more easily authenticated than his paintings, for he usually signed his calligraphy. Su Shi advised him to study the calligraphy of the Eastern Jin (ad 317–420) masters, such as Wang Xizhi (see Wang (i), (1) ) in order to attain their ‘classical elevation’, and he also studied the Tang masters, including Yan zhenqing, Liu Gongquan (ad 778–865), Ouyang xun and Chu suiliang. His early work was criticized as imitative, but he quickly developed his own cursive interpretations, combining structural discipline with an unprecedented level of technical proficiency in brushwork. His large seal script (da zhuanshu) is directly derived from bronze inscriptions but nonetheless emphasizes brushwork over structure. Of the Four Great Calligraphers he was the only one to write in clerical script (lishu); he executed it using his customary running stroke technique, however, with the result that it is not considered equal to his other scripts. He had a distinctive manner of executing the grass radical element of a character with alternating horizontal and vertical strokes. Mi’s running script (xingshu), his best-known style, had a plump brushwork that has been described as making ‘one think of a striking tubby figure walking along a road’ (1961 exh. cat., p. 82; see China, fig. 94). The dashing quality of Mi’s other scripts led Su Shi to comment ‘like sailing in the wind and riding a horse into battle, his writing is exhilarating’. Huang Tingjian made a similar comparison, ‘like a sharp knife in battle, or an arrow in flight, what it touches must be pierced’; and Mi Fu himself described his approach thus, ‘other people write with one side [of the brush], I write with four sides’ (all 1971 exh. cat., p. 22). In so saying he explained that he used the brush as a painter rather than a calligrapher, exploiting every possibility of the flexibility of the line as well as the subtle nuances of ink tones. Mi’s calligraphy was greatly admired in the Ming period (1368–1644) and was copied by such artists as Wen Zhengming (see Wen, (1)), Zhu yunming and Dong qichang. Records indicate that Mi Fu did not begin to paint until the last years of his life. He has been said to have painted portraits and figures in the tradition of Li Gonglin, but it was primarily as a landscape painter that he was known and was most influential (see China, §V, 3(iv)(a)). His output was modest, and by the Southern Song period (1127–1279) examples were already extremely rare. He was nonetheless considered one of the most important representatives of the Southern school of landscape painting and credited with being one of the first of the literati to paint landscapes. He introduced new ideas into literati painting (shidaifu hua or wenren hua), emphasizing the character of the artist as revealed in the painting rather than the subject or composition. He developed a distinctive painting technique known as Mi dian cun (‘Mi’s dotting technique’), which was also used by his son, Mi Youren, but which has survived only in later imitations. The strokes are formed by laying down the side of the brush approximately parallel to the bottom of the paper. The result is an impressionistic overlaying of ink washes in graded tones that produces a soft and misty effect with a minimum of structured form and draughtsmanship. This style can only be achieved on paper and sometimes requires tools other than the traditional brush. The paintings are small and composed of rhythmically patterned forms that stress rounded, cone-shaped hills rising out of heavily obscuring mists. Mi’s style of painting was influential during the Yuan period (1279–1368); it can be seen in the work of Gao kegong, Fang congyi and others. While the general characteristics of Mi’s innovations can be seen in copies of his works, some of the traits that are re-created in some copies are not present in others. For example, one small scroll generally accepted as representing his principles is Auspicious Pine-trees in the Spring Mountains (Chunshan ruisong tu; see fig.). The impressionistic quality and use of heavily obscuring mists and patterned conical mountain forms are typical of Mi’s style, as are the limited use of linear elements and the rootless trees. The colours also are consistent with those used by Mi and his eldest son, Mi Youren (see (2) below), although the particular colour scheme appears to be an innovation of the Yuan period. An accompanying calligraphic inscription by the emperor Gaozong is no criterion of authenticity. --Seymour", +"date": "1051 - 1107", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiWanzhong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mi, Wanzhong", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). m32w24z45 Alternate names: Mi Wan-chung, 米萬鍾 Ming dynasty One of the Four Masters of late Ming calligraphy, together with Xing Tong (1551–1612), Zhang Ruitu (1570-1641?), and Dong Qichang. --DOA", +"date": "ca. 1598 - 1628", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiYouren", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mi, Youren", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). m32y34r26 Alternate names: Mi Yu-jen, 米友仁 Song dynasty (2) Mi Youren [Mi Yu-jen; original ming Yinren; zi Yuanhui; hao Haiyue Houren, Lanzhou Daoren] (b probably in Xiangyang, Hubei Province, 1086; d 1165). Son of (1) Mi Fu. He served as Minister of War and Fuwen ge Scholar under the Southern Song emperor Gaozong, authenticating and appraising painting and calligraphy. The calligrapher Huang Tingjian gave him an ancient seal marked ‘Yuanhui’ offering him this name as his zi (style name), in an allusion to Mi Fu’s zi, Yuanzhang. This was a reference to the father–son name sequence of 4th-century masters Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi and implied an artistic continuation between the generations. Indeed, in calligraphy Mi Youren did follow Mi Fu’s style, though he did not equal him. In painting, Youren did not continue Fu’s depiction of figures and objects, but he did develop Fu’s famous misty landscape style, attaining such renown that he was overwhelmed by seekers of his paintings, and assistants had to make imitations, which he signed. Youren reinforced literati painting (wenren hua) ideals (see China, §V, 4(ii)) promulgated by Mi Fu, Su Shi, Wen Tong and others, spawning a genre of private art created by cognoscenti for each other, in which paintings functioned as personal, non-negotiable ‘images of the heart’ (xinyin). Youren called this type of painting ‘ink play’ (ximo). Eschewing linear contours and modelling strokes, he developed an unassertive, amorphous and cursory style of graded wash in wet or dry ink. Extant paintings attributed to Mi Youren include his White Clouds on the Xiao and Xiang (Xiao Xiang baiyun tu; date uncertain; Shanghai Mus.), Clearing Clouds over Distant Peaks (Yuanxiu qingyun tu; 1134; Osaka Mun. Mus.) and Impressions of Cloudy Mountains (Yunshan deyi tu; c. 1135; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), but these may all be of later date. One reliable Southern Song emanation is the Dream Journey along Xiao and Xiang (Xiao Xiang wayoutu; Tokyo, N. Mus.), later attached to Li Longmian. It shows the liberal application of dilute inkwash, the minimalist approach to incidents and the perspective of Southern Song vistas. In the Ming period (1368–1644) the Mi style became linearized, with strands of ‘Mi dots’ (Mi dian) arrayed in cascading ranks to cover areas once bathed in graded wash. --DOA", +"date": "1075 - 1151", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiaoXiaochun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Miao, Xiaochun", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province; studied 1986-1989 at the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing, 1995-1999 at Kunsthochschule Kassel; lives and works in Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1964", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MichaelGoldFederalTheatreProject", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Michael Gold Federal Theatre Project", +"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", +"date": "active ca. 1935", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MichaelowskiK", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Michaelowski, K.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MichelleKaufmannDesigns", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Michelle Kaufmann Designs", +"comment": "Stang, Alanna and Christopher Hawthorne; Green House: New Directions in Sustainable Architecture, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2005. ", +"date": "active early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MichidaJun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Michida Jun", +"comment": "Ono, Masaaki and Katsuhiko Mizuno; Hidden Gardens of Kyoto, English language edition, Tokyo: Kodansha International, 2004. Japanese architect", +"date": "active ca. 2005", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MichieHenryStuart", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Michie, Henry Stuart", +"comment": "Meyer, Marilee Boyd; Inspiring Reform: Boston's Arts and Crafts Movement, Wellesley: Davis Museum and Cultural Center, 1997. alternate name: H. Stuart Michie", +"date": "1871-1943", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MichiganStateUniversity", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Michigan State University", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. State university and agriculture school for Michigan", +"date": "est. 1855", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MicroColorIncorporated", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "MicroColor Incorporated", +"comment": "Reents-Budet, Dorie; Painting the Maya Universe: Royal Ceramics form the Classic Period, Durham; London: Duke University Press, 1994. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MIddleton", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "MIddleton", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Head gardener, Compton Acres", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiesvanderRoheEwald", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mies van der Rohe, Ewald", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Project collaborator with his brother, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe", +"date": "active ca. 1910", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MigelHamilton", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Migel, Hamilton", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MigitaToshihide", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Migita, Toshihide", +"comment": "Mueller, Laura J.; Strong Women, Beautiful Men: Japanese Portrait Prints from the Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH; Amsterdam: Toledo Museum of Art in association with Hotei Publishing, 2005. ", +"date": "1863-1925", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MignardPierre", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mignard, Pierre", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MignonneauLaurent", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mignonneau, Laurent", +"comment": "Shanken, Edward A.; Art and Electronic Media, London; New York: Phaidon Press, 2009. ", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MikhailovBorisAndreyevich", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mikhailov, Boris Andreyevich", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Boris Andreyevich Mikhailov is a fine art photographer who has been described as one of the most important artists to have emerged from the former USSR. He was twice nearly imprisoned by the KGB.", +"date": "born 1938", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MikiSuizan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Miki, Suizan", +"comment": "Mueller, Laura J.; Strong Women, Beautiful Men: Japanese Portrait Prints from the Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH; Amsterdam: Toledo Museum of Art in association with Hotei Publishing, 2005. 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Safavid painter", +"date": "fl. ca. 1510-1548", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MirSayyidAli", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mir Sayyid 'Ali", +"comment": "Encyclopaedia Britannica Online; Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.; Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.; http://www.britannica.com/. Persian painter", +"date": "fl. 16th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MirakaghaofTabriz", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mirak, agha, of Tabriz", +"comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. 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Havana, 1911-Barcelona, 1992", +"date": "1911-1992", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Mirambel", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mirambel", +"comment": "George, Michael and Consuelo M. Correcher; Gardens of Spain, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1993. landscape architect", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MirzaBaba", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mirza Baba", +"comment": "Falk, Toby, ed.; Treatures of Islam, London: Philip Wilson Publishers, Ltd., 1985 (0856671967). Alternate name: Mirza Baba al-Husaini al-Imami Qajar painter", +"date": "active 1789-1810", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MirzaBabaalHusayni", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mirza Baba al-Husayni", +"comment": "Falk, Toby, ed.; Treatures of Islam, London: Philip Wilson Publishers, Ltd., 1985 (0856671967). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Misbah", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Misbah", +"comment": "Dodds, Jerrilynn D.; Al-Andalus: the Art of Islamic Spain, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1992. ivory carver", +"date": "active 1000-1010", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MischeEmanuelTillman", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mische, Emanuel Tillman", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American landscape designer for the Olmsted Brothers landscape firm; Portland parks superintendent and designer for Mount Tabor and other Portland parks", +"date": "active ca. 1900-1910", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MisionesPedagogicas", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Misiones Pedagogicas", +"comment": "Mendelson, Jordana; Documenting Spain: Artists, Exhibition Culture, and the Modern Nation, 1929-1939, University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2005. Spanish educational project created within the national Museum of Education and the Second Spanish Republic", +"date": "1931-1936", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiskellBrad", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Miskell, Brad", +"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Miskin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Miskin", +"comment": "Metropolitan Museum of Art; Islamic World, Tokyo: Dai Nippon Printing Co., 1987. ", +"date": "active 1550-1600", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MissDeacon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Miss Deacon", +"comment": "Fairclough, Oliver and Emmeline Leary; Textiles by William Morris and Morris & Co., 1861-1940, London, Westfield, NJ: Thames and Hudson, Eastview Editions, 1981. ", +"date": "active 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MissWright", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Miss Wright", +"comment": "Fairclough, Oliver and Emmeline Leary; Textiles by William Morris and Morris & Co., 1861-1940, London, Westfield, NJ: Thames and Hudson, Eastview Editions, 1981. ", +"date": "active 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MissYeats", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Miss Yeats", +"comment": "Fairclough, Oliver and Emmeline Leary; Textiles by William Morris and Morris & Co., 1861-1940, London, Westfield, NJ: Thames and Hudson, Eastview Editions, 1981. ", +"date": "active 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Misti", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Misti", +"comment": "Rennert, Jack; Posters of the Belle Epoque: the Wine Spectator Collection, New York: Wine Spectator Press, 1990. Misti was the pseudonym for Ferdinand Mifliez, painter and lithographer born in Paris. His paintings were shown in the salons of the Société des Artistes Français as well as the Humorists. In the period 1894-1914, he was one of the busiest posterists, doing much work for one of the city's major department stores (Magasin de Pygmalion) and for the Dubonnet company. ", +"date": "1865-1923", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MitchellE", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mitchell, E.", +"comment": "Pergola, Philippe; Christian Rome: Early Christian Rome: Catacombs and Basilicas, Rome: Vision, 2000. ", +"date": "active early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MitchellErlistoun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mitchell, Erlistoun", +"comment": "Menz, Christopher; Morris & Company: Pre-Raphaelites and the Arts and Crafts Movement in South Australia, Adelaide: Art Gallery of South Australia, 1994. ", +"date": "1868-1913", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MitchellGiurgola", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mitchell/Giurgola", +"comment": "Name derived from Art on File. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MitsubishiCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mitsubishi Company", +"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Mitsuharu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mitsuharu", +"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Mitsukuni", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mitsukuni", +"comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker of the Jukōdō circle, worked in Osaka", +"date": "active ca. 1820", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MitsutaniKunishiro", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mitsutani, Kunishiro", +"comment": "Takashina, Shuji, Tetsuro Kagesato and Hideo Tanaka; Yōga to Nihonga, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. Japanese artist", +"date": "1874-1936", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Mitsutsugu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mitsutsugu", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "fl. 1592-1596", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MIttagFodorEten", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "MIttag-Fodor, Eten", +"comment": "Fiedler, Jeannine and Peter Feierabend; Bauhaus, Cologne: Konemann, 2000. ", +"date": "active ca. 1930", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiuFu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Miu, Fu", +"comment": "He, Li and Michael Knight; Power and Glory: Court Arts of China's Ming Dynasty, San Francisco: Asian Art Museum, 2008. ", +"date": "1426-1435", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiyagawaIssho", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Miyagawa, Issho", +"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", +"date": "1689-1779", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiyagawaShunsui", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Miyagawa, Shunsui", +"comment": "Morse, Anne Nishimura; Drama and Desire: Japanese Paintings from the Floating World, 1690-1850, Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 2007. A Japanese painter and printmaker in the ukiyo-e style. He is sometimes known as Katsukawa Shunsui, having taught Katsukawa Shunshō and founded the Katsukawa school style.", +"date": "fl. 1740-early 1760s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiyagawaShuntei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Miyagawa, Shuntei", +"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. Family name Watanabe; na Moriyoshi; gō Gyoshi. Born in Aichi Prefecture, lived in Edo. Pupil of Watanabe Shōka, later Tomioka Eisen.", +"date": "1873-1914", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiyakeKokki", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Miyake, Kokki", +"comment": "Takashina, Shuji, Tetsuro Kagesato and Hideo Tanaka; Yōga to Nihonga, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. http://www.geidai.ac.jp/museum/exhibit/2004/modernism/modernism_list_en.htm", +"date": "1874-1954", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiyamotoJuryo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Miyamoto, Juryo", +"comment": "Tokyo National Museum; 100th Anniversary of the Japan Art Institute: Lineage of Modern Japanese Art, Tokyo: Japan Art Institute, 1998. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiyamotoMotoie", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Miyamoto, Motoie", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "fl. 1650-1675", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiyanoLeland", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Miyano, Leland", +"comment": "Otis, Denise; Grounds for Pleasure: Four Centuries of the American Garden, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2002. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiyatakeToyo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Miyatake, Toyo", +"comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. Japanese-born photographer in the Los Angeles area, also did commercial portraiture", +"date": "1895-1979", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiyazakiGengyo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Miyazaki, Gengyo", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1817-1880", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiyazakiYuzen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Miyazaki, Yuzen", +"comment": "fFischer, Felice and Kyoko Kinoshita; Ike Taiga and Tokuyama Gyokuran: Japanese Masters of the Brush, Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2007. ", +"date": "early 18th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MizutaniSchool", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mizutani School", +"comment": "Singer, Robert T. et al.; Edo: Art in Japan 1615-1868, Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1998. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoCe", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mo, Ce", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Jiangsu Province; specializes in prints; alternate name: 莫测", +"date": "born 1928", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoPu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mo, Pu", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province; alternate name: 莫朴", +"date": "1915-1996", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MochJan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Moch, Jan", +"comment": "Schimmel, Paul. Out of Actions: Between Performance the the Object, 1949-1979. Los Angeles, Calif. : The Museum of Contemporary Art New York : Thames and Hudson, 1998. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MochizukiHanzan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mochizuki, Hanzan", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", +"date": "active 1743-1790", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ModinBengt", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Modin, Bengt", +"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. 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", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorinRoiL", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Morin, Roi L.", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. draftsman for Herman Brookman", +"date": "active 1930s-1950s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoritaKeiichi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Morita, Kei'ichi", +"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Moritoshi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Moritoshi", +"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoriyaNobuo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Moriya, Nobuo", +"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. A furniture designer and interior decorator. ", +"date": "1893–1927", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoriyamaDaidoh", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Moriyama, Daidoh", +"comment": "Szarkowski, John and Shoji Yamagishi; New Japanese Photography, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1974. ", +"date": "born 1938", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoriyamaYoshihei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Moriyama, Yoshihei", +"comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", +"date": "1854-1915", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoroChristoforoDogeofVenice", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Moro, Christoforo, Doge of Venice", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1390-1471", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoroderSilvia", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Moroder, Silvia", +"comment": "George, Michael and Consuelo M. Correcher; Gardens of Spain, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1993. 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Chinese artist from Liaoning Province; graduated from the People's University of China as a photojournalist; longtime collaboration with fellow-artist Shao Yinong.", +"date": "b. 1970", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MuGe", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mu, Ge", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Gansu Province, council member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 牧歌", +"date": "born 1929", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MuckCharles", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Muck, Charles", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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F.", +"comment": "Meyer, Marilee Boyd; Inspiring Reform: Boston's Arts and Crafts Movement, Wellesley: Davis Museum and Cultural Center, 1997. china painter", +"date": "active ca. 1910", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NasrIIibnAhmadAmir", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Nasr II ibn Ahmad, Amir", +"comment": "Brend, Barbara; Islamic Art, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1991 (067446866x). 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American printmaker", +"date": "born 1925", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NepomniashchiiLM", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Nepomniashchii, L.M.", +"comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. ", +"date": "active 1986", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NesbitPamela", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Nesbit, Pamela", +"comment": "Broude, Norma and Mary D. Garrar, eds.; Power of Feminist Art: the American Movement of the 1970s, History and Impact, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NeslihanYilmaz", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Neslihan, Yilmaz", +"comment": "Gates, Charles; Archaeology of Urban Life in the Ancient Near East and Egypt, Greece, and Rome, London: Routledge, 2003. ", +"date": "active early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NessimBarbara", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Nessim, Barbara", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NesterJohn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Nester, John", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", +"date": "3rd quarter 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NeubauerTod", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Neubauer, Tod", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 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", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NewAnalysisGroup", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "New Analysis Group", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist group. Members: Wang Luyan, Chen Shaoping, Gu Dexin.", +"date": "active 1988-1995", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NewBarbarianismXinyexingzhuyi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "New Barbarianism (Xin yexing zhuyi)", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Avant-garde artists' collective emphasizing primitivism and individual freedom in opposition to the approach of the contemporary group Red Journey.", +"date": "active mid 1980s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NewEnglandGlassCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "New England Glass Company", +"comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NewMarkGroup", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "New Mark Group", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist collective, including Wang Luyan, Chen Shaoping, and Gu Dexin; later changed its name to the Analysis Group", +"date": "active 1987-1995", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NewYorkTimes", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "New York Times", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. American daily newspaper in publication since 1851. ", +"date": "founded 1851", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NewYorkWorldTelegramandSun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "New York World-Telegram and Sun", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. newspaper", +"date": "1931-1966", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NewEdmundHort", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "New, Edmund Hort", +"comment": "Parry, Linda; William Morris, London, New York: Philip Wilson Publishers Ltd., Harry N. Abrams, Inc. Publishers, 1996. English artist of the Birmingham school and leading illustrator of his day", +"date": "1871-1931", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NewbeginKatherine", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Newbegin, Katherine", +"comment": "Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation; 2009 Awards in Painting, Sculpture, Printmaking, Photography, Video, and Craft Media, New York: Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation, 2010. ", +"date": "b. 1976", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NewmanHenryJotham", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Newman, Henry Jotham", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", +"date": "1823 - 1895", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NiDuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ni, Duan", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). n33d43 Alternate names: Ni Tuan, 倪端 Ming dynasty Zhe School: The background of the Zhe school can be seen in earlier Ming painting represented by the works of the bird-and-flower master Bian Wenjin ( fl early 15th century) from Fujian; Xie Huan (c. 1368–1435), a figure painter and portraitist from Zhejiang who was a major force among Yongle (reg 1403–24) and Xuande (reg 1426–35) court painters; Shang Xi ( fl 1430–40) from Jiangsu and Shi Rui ( fl 1426–35) from Hangzhou; Ni Duan, a painter of landscapes with figures, also from Hangzhou; and Li Zai, a landscapist from Fujian. The Zhe school departed from these artists’ continuation of conservative Song Academy styles and its origin can conveniently be located in Dai Jin’s works, especially in those of his middle period, dating from the second quarter of the 15th century. The later style of the court academy can be characterized as a mixture of the Zhe school and the traditional academic style; the 15th-century court figure painting of Shang Xi and Ni Duan was also indebted to the Southern Song style of Liu Songnian, Li Gao (1166–1234) and Su Hanchen. --DOA", +"date": "ca. 1426 - 1435", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NiJing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ni, Jing", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Chinese Chan monk painter", +"date": "active late 14th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NiTian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ni, Tian", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). n33t32 Alternate names: Ni T'ien (Ni Pao-t'ien), 倪田 Qing dynasty From Jiangsu, lived in Shanghai. Traditional literary school. Painted landscapes, figures, Buddhist and Daoist subjects, birds, horses, flowers. --Seymour", +"date": "1855 - 1919", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NiZan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ni, Zan", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). n33z24 Alternate names: Ni Tsan, 倪瓚 Yuan dynasty (b Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 1301; d 1374). Chinese painter and calligrapher. He is designated one of the Four Masters of the Yuan (1279–1368), with Huang gongwang, Wu zhen and Wang meng. Ni Zan’s family were of Xixia (Tangut) origin. His tenth-generation ancestor Shi came to China as Xixia ambassador in 1034–7 at the time of Emperor Renzong (reg 1023–63), and the family settled in Duliang (modern Anhui Province). In 1127–30, under Emperor Gaozong (reg 1127–62), Ni Zan’s fifth-generation ancestor Yi moved south with the Southern Song (1127–1279), settling at Zhituo village in Wuxi, modern Jiangsu Province, where the Ni family prospered. Ni Zan and his elder brother Ying were the sons of a concubine, Yan. Their father died when they were young, and they were raised by their eldest half-brother, Ni Zhaogui (1279–1328). Ying was mentally incompetent, and after Zhaogui’s death Ni Zan assumed responsibility for the family estate, a role ill-suited to his natural inclinations. He led a privileged and secluded home life for 20 or more years; in the mid-1340s he spent most of his time among rare books, antique paintings, calligraphy and flowers in his favourite studio, the Qingbi ge (‘Pure and secluded pavilion’). Ni Zan was an ardent admirer of the great Northern Song (1127–1279) artist and connoisseur, Mi fu, and shared two of his idiosyncrasies: fastidiousness and generosity. Reportedly, he had the large hardwood trees around his studio washed daily and once left a party given by the poet Yang Weizhen (1296–1370) in disgust because carousing party guests began passing around a young woman’s shoes filled with wine. Ni’s generosity to friends in need on at least one occasion proved awkward: the poet Tao Zongyi (c. 1320–after 1402) related how a scholar, Chen Bo, when presented by Ni with a gift of 100 piculs of rice at a party, felt publicly humiliated and distributed the rice among the assembled courtesans and attendants, breaking off his friendship. A copy (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) of a portrait of Ni Zan in the early 1340s shows the artist dressed in immaculate white linen, sitting on a couch surrounded by a painted screen, scrolls, an inkstone, antique bronzes and ceramics, flanked by two attendants—one holding a feather duster and the other carrying washing implements and a towel. From the late 1330s natural disasters—flood, drought and locusts—struck China year after year; by 1337 there were more than 400,000 starving families reported in Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces alone. The Mongol government responded initially by taxing wealthy families and then by coercing them to make payments; Ni Zan suffered increasingly harsh treatment. In 1351 full-scale rebellions broke out all over China, and in early 1352 Ni abandoned his home and took refuge in a houseboat in the water country of Lake Tai, with its network of small streams, numerous bays, inlets and islands covered with mulberry trees and aquatic plants. Between 1356 and 1366 Ni and his family lived in Lize, near Suzhou, at the ‘Snail’s Hut’ (Guaniu lu). Here, unlike many literary figures, Ni Zan steadfastly declined repeated invitations from the rebel Zhang Shicheng to join his forces. Zhang Shicheng was eventually defeated by Zhu Yuanzhang, who became the Hongwu emperor (reg 1368–98) when he founded the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). In the meantime Ni had lost his wife, Jiang Yuanzhao, and had again been forced to abandon his home. After the establishment of the new dynasty, he briefly visited the water country of Lize and then spent the next few years wandering through the Jiangnan area (the south), visiting old haunts. In the autumn of 1374 Ni finally returned to his native Wuxi, where at the home of a relative he fell ill and died. In calligraphy, Ni Zan absorbed some influences from Zhao Mengfu (see Zhao, (1)), the leading calligrapher of the early 14th century, who lived in Wuxing, across Lake Tai from Wuxi. However, whereas Zhao, the elegant scholar–official, had a courtly and formal style, Ni, the country recluse, preferred a primitive, rustic mode (see also China, §IV, 2(v)(b)). Ni’s main calligraphic model was Zhong You (ad 151–230), who developed the archaic clerical script (li shu) of the Han period into an early form of regular script (kaishu; see China, §IV, 2(ii)). Jian Jizhi biao (‘Memorial to recommend Jizhi’), attributed to Zhong You, was in the collection of Lu Xingzhi (1275–after 1349) at Lake Feng, not far from Ni’s home. Ni re-created an archaic running-clerical style, with squat or square characters, mostly level strokes, generally simplified brushwork and prominent, wavelike ending strokes. Since he consciously used calligraphy to express himself, graphological analysis is useful in the interpretation of his works. Similar characters from dated inscriptions from between c. 1340 and 1374 are generally consistent as regards formal elements but vary greatly in expression as achieved through compositional structure and brushwork. The development of Ni’s calligraphy is divided into four periods: c. 1340, during his life of luxury and cultivation at the Qingbi ge, his style was smooth and graceful; between 1345 and 1355, when he was fleeing from tax collectors, his writing was filled with tension and discord, and he seemed purposely to explore the lopsided and eccentric aspects of his style; between 1356 and 1366, calm and composure returned to his work, and the conflicting elements of his calligraphy were brought into a new synthesis; finally, between 1366 and 1374, his writing achieved a stable form and showed an unmatched strength and self-assurance. In Ni’s earliest extant painting, Qiulin yexing (‘Autumn grove: exhilaration in wilderness’; 1339; New York, Met.), a man sits quietly in a pavilion in an autumnal landscape. A poem inscribed by Ni on the painting describes the feeling of early autumn: inkstones and seat mats are cool to the touch, clothing feels fresh, a yellow mist after a shower rises over distant boulders, bamboo leaves flutter during the day and shadows of cedars waver in moonlight; incense is lit in a gilded duck-shaped vessel and a bag of flower petals lies by the pillow. The whole is indicative of a man in exquisite repose. The emphasis on the wild and natural reflects Ni’s attempt at this period to insulate himself from ordinary society both physically and mentally. In Liu junzi (‘The six gentlemen’; see fig. 1), from the period when Ni was evading the tax collectors, the calligraphy has a nervous energy. The brushwork is taut and bony; parts of the written characters are tightly wound and lopsided; contradictions between the regular-script and clerical-script forms are deliberately exaggerated to create tension; and the naturally slanting regular-script elements are forced into a horizontal, clerical structure. The painting shows six sparse, looming, spiky trees dominating a riverbank; a thin mist rises across the river, giving the viewer a sense of isolation from everything except the river and the trees. A colophon by Huang Gongwang notes that the trees symbolize Ni Zan and his friends as they ‘stand facing one another, upright, straight and unbending’. The modelling of the rocks, after the 10th-century master Dong yuan, uses hemp-fibre texture strokes ( pima cun) loosely directed and building layer upon layer. The composition has a fully developed and realistic spatial structure: elements extend in an integrated vision along a convincingly receding ground plane. Ni’s rounded brushstrokes ( yuanbi) ‘write’ the trees and rock forms as in seal-script (zhuan shu) and cursive-script (caoshu) calligraphy. Slow, gentle cursive brushwork, though full of inner emotion, maintains an outward calm and balance. The metaphor of clustered trees as friends in a lonely and hostile world became Ni Zan’s favourite subject. The poems on his paintings tempt the viewer to eavesdrop on a private world of intimacies and lost conversations, but his sublime imagery admits no superfluous details and instead presents a pure and privileged natural domain. Ni repeated the composition of trees with rocks again and again, refining and distilling, achieving an effect that is pure mood and poetry. His references to ancient masters were made not only as expressions of feelings and moods but also as a conscious effort to combine and summarize the best of the ancient styles. By bringing together in his brushwork the hemp-fibre and axe-cut ( fu pi) idioms popular in the mid-14th century and the T-shaped (dingxiang), horse-tooth (machi) and other less familiar modes of Northern Song landscape, Ni forged a new creative synthesis. The subtlety of his painting lies in the extraordinary range of effects he achieved with his seemingly simple and sparse brushwork. In one of his famous late works, Yushan linhe (‘Woods and valleys of Mt Yu’; see fig. 2), the angular, crystalline rock forms are achieved with a dry wash (ran) technique of softly rubbed, richly fused brushstrokes. Developing his forms with a free hand, Ni combined axe-cut, T-shaped and horse-tooth patterns in his protean brushwork, creating a new calligraphic, illusionistic style that evoked, without imitating, the 10th-century rocky landscape mode of Jing hao and Guan tong. Ironically, in spite of his distaste for celebrity, Ni Zan, the meek and eccentric recluse, was lionized, and his paintings, though insistently private and undecorative, attracted a large public following. His deceptively simple and unassuming style was the most frequently imitated of the styles of the Four Masters of the Yuan. As a sense of moral and dynastic decline grew in the late Ming, Ni Zan became a symbol of patriotism and moral regeneration. As the ‘noble recluse’ (gaoshi) he was extolled for his generosity, integrity, wisdom and independence and was exalted as a cultural hero through whom one might gain new strength. 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San Francisco atelier for metalwork design", +"date": "1910-ca. 1918", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PalmerFrancesFlora", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Palmer, Frances Flora", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Leicester, England, she was one of the principal artists working for the lithographic publishing firm of Currier & Ives. 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English graphic designer, calligrapher and map illustrator", +"date": "active ca. 1930", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PermanJenn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Perman, Jenn", +"comment": "Holtzschue, Linda; Understanding Color: an Introduction for Designers, Second edition, New York: John Wiley & Sons, INc., 2002. illustrator", +"date": "21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PeruzziS", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Peruzzi, S.", +"comment": "Waddell, Gene; Creating the Pantheon: Design, Materials and Construction, Rome: L'Erma di Bretschneider, 2008. ", +"date": "active ca. 1540", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PeterAJuleyandSon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Peter A. Juley & Son", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. New York", +"date": "1906-1975", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PeterHallManufacturingCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Peter Hall Manufacturing Company", +"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999 (0939802872). Based in Pasadena, California.", +"date": "1906-1922", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PetersBrandt", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Peters, Brandt", +"comment": "Gastman, Roger, Zio Fulcher and Jamie Rivadeneira; Hello Kitty, Hello Art!, New York: Abrams, 2012. Active mid 1990s- present", +"date": "Born 1974", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PetersenGunmar", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Petersen, Gunmar", +"comment": "Chicago Daily Tribune; International Competition for a New Administration Building for the Chicago Tribune, Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune, 1923. Danish architect", +"date": "active ca. 1920", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PetersonSamuelR", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Peterson, Samuel R.", +"comment": "Mair, Victor H.; Painting and Performance: Chinese Picture Recitation and its Indian Genesis, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1988. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PetitEtienne", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Petit, Etienne", +"comment": "Morgan Library catalog. ", +"date": "1449-1515", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PetitjeanBernardThadee", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Petitjean, Bernard-Thadee", +"comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", +"date": "1829-1884", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PettersonStudio", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Petterson Studio", +"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. Chicago silversmithing workshop", +"date": "ca. 1912-1919", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PettyFitzMauriceHenryCharlesKeith", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Petty-FitzMaurice, Henry Charles Keith", +"comment": "thepeerage.com. ", +"date": "1845-1927", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PeughKarenA", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Peugh, Karen A.", +"comment": "Cohen, Joyce Tenneson and Patricia Meyer Stacks; In/Sights: Self-Portraits by Women, Boston: David R. Godine, Publisher, 1978. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PeyronAngelo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Peyron, Angelo", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PezovonEllrichshausenArchitects", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Pezo von Ellrichshausen Architects", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "2002-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PhilbrickOtis", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Philbrick, Otis", +"comment": "Acton, David; Sixty Years of North American Prints: 1947-2007, Boston: Boston Printmakers, 2009. American printmaker, based in Boston; acting president of the Massachusetts School of Art, founding member of the Boston Printmakers.", +"date": "1888-1973", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PhilipJohnsonRitchieandFioreArchitects", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Philip Johnson, Ritchie & Fiore Architects", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "est. 1994", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PhilipLotteBrand", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Philip, Lotte Brand", +"comment": "Snyder, James; Northern Renaissance Art: Painting, Sculpture, the Graphic Arts from 1350 to 1575, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey; New York: Prentice-Hall, Inc.; Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1985 (0136235964). ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PhilipsandLee", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Philips & Lee", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Mancester", +"date": "active early 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PhilipsCharles", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Philips, Charles", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Archaeologist responsible for continuing the excavation of the Sutton Hoo Ship Burial", +"date": "1938-1939", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PhilipsHarryF", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Philips, Harry F.", +"comment": "Lochnan, Katharine A., Douglas E. Schoenherr, and Carole Silver; Earthly Paradise: Arts and Crafts by William Morris and his Circle from Canadian Collections, Toronto: Key Porter Books for the Art Gallery of Ontario, 1993. British photographer based in Leek", +"date": "active ca. 1910 ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PhillipsDonnaLee", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Phillips, Donna-Lee", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "b.1941", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PhippsJohnS", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Phipps, John S.", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PhoenixFurnitureCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Phoenix Furniture Company", +"comment": "Kaplan, Wendy; 'The Art That is Life': The Arts and Crafts Movement in America, 1875-1920, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1987. Grand Rapids, Michigan", +"date": "1870-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PhoenixIronWorks", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Phoenix Iron Works", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1792-1987", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PielDenis", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Piel, Denis", +"comment": "Carlson, Peter and William Wilson; Manstyle: The GQ Guide to Fashion, Fitness, and Grooming, New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc., Publishers, 1977. Fashion photographer", +"date": "active ca. 1980", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PieneOtto", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Piene, Otto", +"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", +"date": "born 1928", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PiermariniGregorio", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Piermarini, Gregorio", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active mid 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PiersonLouis", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Pierson, Louis", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. photographer", +"date": "active mid 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PieterFranz", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Pieter, Franz", +"comment": "Rak, Jiri, Radim Vondracek and Clauda Terenzi; Biedermeier: Art and Culture in Central Europe, 1815-1848, Milan, New York: Skira Editore, Rizzoli International, 2001. ", +"date": "active early 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PilieGilbertJoseph", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Pilie, Gilbert Joseph", +"comment": "Gleason, David King; Plantation Homes of Louisiana and the Natchez Area, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982. father of Celine Pilie Roman, wife of Jacques Telesphore Roman, the first owners of a Louisiana plantation house named Oak Alley", +"date": "first half 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PilkingtonTileandPotteryCo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Pilkington Tile and Pottery Co.", +"comment": "Wildman, Stephen; Waking Dreams: The Art of the Pre-Raphaelites from the Delaware Art Museum, Alexandria, VA: Art Services International, 2004. Established by the Pilkington Family", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PilkingtonsRoyalLancastrianPotteryCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Pilkington's Royal Lancastrian Pottery Company", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. formerly Pilkington’s Lancastrian Pottery & Tiles", +"date": "1892-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PineTheodoreE", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Pine, Theodore E.", +"comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. ", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PiperWW", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Piper, W.W.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PiranomonteM", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Piranomonte, M.", +"comment": "Carandini, Andrea and Paolo Carafa; Atlante di Roma Antica: Biografia e Ritratti della Citta, 1, Milan: Mondadori Electa, 2012. Italian technical and architectural illustrator", +"date": "active ca. 2010", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PirBudaqiMahmudShaykh", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Pir-Budaqi, Mahmud, Shaykh", +"comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. Persian artist, copyist.", +"date": "1458-1459", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PistoxenosPainter", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Pistoxenos Painter", +"comment": "David A. Bainbridge Gift Collection, Architecture and Allied Arts Library, University of Oregon. painter", +"date": "active ca. 480-460 BCE", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PitkinandBrooks", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Pitkin & Brooks", +"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. 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", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PrintzEugene", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Printz, Eugene", +"comment": "Brunhammer, Yvonne and Suzanne Tise; Decorative Arts in France, 1900-1942, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1990. ", +"date": "1889-1948", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PriouxStanislas", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Prioux, Stanislas", +"comment": "Dehio, Georg and Gustav von Bezold; Die Kirchliche Baukunst des Abendlandes: Historisch und Systematisch Dargestellt, atlas v.5, Stuttgart: J.G. 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", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ProctorandDennis", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Proctor and Dennis", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. architectural firm of John Proctor and Oliver Perry Dennis in the area of Tacoma, Washington", +"date": "1888-1901", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ProctorStephenSir", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Proctor, Stephen, Sir", +"comment": "British Listed Buildings. ", +"date": "active early 17th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ProntiA", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Pronti, A.", +"comment": "Brandenburg, Hugo; Ancient Churches of Rome From the Fourth to the Seventh Century, English edition, Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2005. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ProuserFredS", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Prouser, Fred S.", +"comment": "American century : art & culture. New York : Whitney Museum of American Art in association with W.W. Norton, c1999. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PrueittM", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Prueitt, M.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PrüstelHeinz", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Prüstel, Heinz", +"comment": "Kähler, Heinz; Art of Rome and Her Empire, Revised edition, New York: Greystone Press, 1965. German?", +"date": "1917-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PrytzThorolf", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Prytz, Thorolf", +"comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. ", +"date": "active late 19th-early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PseudoGalen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Pseudo-Galen", +"comment": "Papadopoulo, Anlexandre; Islam and Muslim Art, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1979 (0810906414). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PuHua", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Pu, Hua", +"comment": "Brown, Claudia and Ju-hsi Chou; Transcending Turmoil: Painting at the Close of China's Empire, 1796-1911, Phoenix: Phoenix Art Museum, 1992. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PuJie", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Pu, Jie", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Shanghai; graduated from the Arts College of Shanghai University.", +"date": "b. 1959", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PuQuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Pu, Quan", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PuXuezhai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Pu, Xuezhai", +"comment": "Sullivan, Michael; Chinese Art of the Twentieth Century, Berkeley; Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1959. Chinese painter of the 20th century", +"date": "ca. 1879-1966", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PublicBenefitBootCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Public Benefit Boot Company", +"comment": "Leboff, David and Tim Demuth; No Need to Ask! Early Maps of London's Underground Railways, Middlesex: Capital Transport Publishing, 1999. Victorian era boot and repair business founded by William Henry Franklin in Hull that grew to become a nation-wide network of 200 stores across the British Isles. The company trademark of a horse-drawn boot was registered in 1883.", +"date": "founded 1875", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Pugh+ScarpaArchitecture", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Pugh + Scarpa Architecture", +"comment": "Stang, Alanna and Christopher Hawthorne; Green House: New Directions in Sustainable Architecture, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2005. architectural firm founded in Santa Monica, CA", +"date": "active late 20th early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PullmanPalaceCarCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Pullman Palace Car Company", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Located near Chicago in the company-owned town of Pullman, the factory closed the operation in Pullman in 1955 and ceased production in 1982.", +"date": "1862-1982", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Puming", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Puming", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). p42m37 Alternate names: P'u-ming , 普明 Yuan dynasty From Shanxi province. Chan priest at temple in Suzhou. Specialized in orchids. Also, bamboo and Buddhist sutras. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 1340 - 1350", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PuppetTheaterLeningrad", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Puppet Theater (Leningrad)", +"comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. theater troop from Leningrad (St. Petersburg)", +"date": "active 1936", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PuppetTheaterofVilnius", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Puppet Theater of Vilnius", +"comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. Same as Lele Puppet Theatre Vilnius?", +"date": "1958-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Purcell", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Purcell", +"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999 . AAA Architecture student", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PurcellandElmslie", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Purcell and Elmslie", +"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999 (0939802872). Based in Minneapolis and Chicago, giving way to George Grant Elmslie & Associaitons, an informal partnership with Elmslie, Lawrence A. Fournier and Frederick A. Strauel.", +"date": "1912-1921", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PuschOtto", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Pusch, Otto", +"comment": "Kähler, Gert; Path of Modernism: Architecture, 1900-1930, Berlin: Jovis, 2009. Architect active in Leipzig", +"date": "active ca. 1915", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PüschelKonrad", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Püschel, Konrad", +"comment": "Fiedler, Jeannine and Peter Feierabend; Bauhaus, Cologne: Konemann, 2000. ", +"date": "active ca. 1925", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Puyue", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Puyue", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). p42y38 Alternate names: P'u-yueh, 普悅 Song From Zhejiang province. Specialist in Buddhist subjects. --Seymour", +"date": "Song dynasty", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PyusawdiKingofPagan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Pyusawdi, King of Pagan", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. King of one of the Pyu city-states preceding the Burman migration and founding of the Pagan empire.", +"date": "r. 168-243 CE", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QadimiofGilan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qadimi of Gilan", +"comment": "Falk, Toby, ed.; Treatures of Islam, London: Philip Wilson Publishers, Ltd., 1985 (0856671967). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QasimAli", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qasim 'Ali", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. painter, Safavid", +"date": "fl. 1494", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QawamadDin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qawam ad-Din", +"comment": "Name derived from Archnet.org. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QiDan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qi, Dan", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Zhejiang Province; specializes in woodcuts and traditional Chinese painting; alternate name: 戚单", +"date": "1919-1992", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QiGong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qi, Gong", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. Chinese painter and calligrapher who continued in the literati tradition; member of the Manchu imperial family, born in Beijing and became an artist, connoisseur, teacher and scholar of textual criticism. ", +"date": "born 1912", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QiJingxi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qi, Jingxi", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QiXu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qi, Xu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q22x34 Alternate names: Ch'i Hsü, 祁序 Song dynasty Painted flowers, birds, water buffalos, and cats. --Seymour", +"date": "10th century ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QiZhilong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qi, Zhilong", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia; lives and works in Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1962", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QianDaxin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qian, Daxin", +"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese artist ", +"date": "b. 1922 ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QianDu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qian, Du", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q24d42 Alternate names: Ch'ien Tu, 錢杜 Qing dynasty From Zhejiang province. Author. Landscapes in the style of Wen Zhengming. Flowers in the style of Yun Shouping. --Seymour", +"date": "1763 - 1844", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QianGong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qian, Gong", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q24g33 Alternate names: Ch'ien Kung, 錢貢 Ming dynasty From Suzhou. Painted landscapes and figures. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 1573 - 1620", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QianGu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qian, Gu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q24g35 Alternate names: Ch'ien Ku, 錢榖 Ming dynasty", +"date": "1508 - 1574", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QianHuian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qian, Huian", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q24h42a4 Alternate names: Ch'ien Hui-an, 錢慧安 Qing dynasty Traditional school. Painted figures. --Seymour", +"date": "1833 - 1911", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QianJuntao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qian, Juntao", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QianShoutie", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qian, Shoutie", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QianWeicheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qian, Weicheng", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q24s26c39 Alternate names: Ch'ien Wei-ch'eng, 錢維城 Qing dynasty", +"date": "1720 - 1772", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QianXuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qian, Xuan", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). SEE: Qian Shunju (Xuan) q24x35 Alternate names: Ch'ien Hsüan, 錢選 Yuan dynasty", +"date": "ca.1235 - 1300?", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QianlongEmperor", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qianlong, Emperor", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q24l43 Alternate names: Ch'ien-lung, 乾隆 (b Beijing, 26 Sept 1711; reg 1736–96; d 7 Feb 1799). Chinese emperor, collector and artist. The name Qianlong is, in fact, an imperial reign title, but it is used for the emperor more generally than the alternative, Emperor Gaozong. The Qianlong emperor, fourth emperor of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911) ruled for 60 years, longer than any other emperor in Chinese history apart from Kangxi. Although he stepped down in 1796, he did not in fact relinquish power to his successor, the Jiaqing emperor (reg 1796–1820), until his death three years later. The empire he inherited after the able government of his father and grandfather, the Yongzheng (reg 1723–35) and Kangxi (reg 1662–1722) emperors, was strong and prosperous. By the time of Qianlong’s death, however, the country was suffering from financial strain and an erosion of power, caused by military expansion and the Emperor’s taste for luxury, as well as the corrupt practices instigated by his last chief minister, Heshen (1750–99), which spread to the court and officials. The Emperor is best known to art historians as a collector who amassed the largest collection of art known up to that point in China. Most of his painting and calligraphy, collected before 1793, is catalogued in three issues of the Shiqu baoji; all of it bears seal impressions, taken from more than 220 seals, many very large and conspicuous, in the collection. Seal imprints were accompanied by inscriptions in the Emperor’s hand, estimated to number in the tens of thousands. Qianlong was determined to incorporate everything of importance in his collection, and rather than purchasing items he either confiscated them as an imperial right or exerted pressure to encourage them to reach him as gifts or tribute. His passion for collecting extended to porcelain, bronzes, jades, writing implements and rare books. The concentration of so many works in the Emperor’s hands meant that, apart from the priveleged few, artists lost access to important early paintings, formerly scattered among the collections of fellow scholars and friends. The Chinese landscape painting tradition, which relied on the inspiration received and the imaginative re-creation suggested by the old masters, was dealt a fatal blow. For example instead of working directly from Wang Meng’s paintings, artists were forced to interpret the Wang Meng style through later painters. Finally, landscape painting lost all its vitality and was replaced by other genres. Removing painting as an artistic outlet for scholars had the side-effect of increasing the importance of calligraphy as an artistic diversion and was thus perhaps indirectly responsible for the intense interest taken in new models and the rise of the Northern stele school, which reached its height under the Jiaqing and Daoguang (reg 1821–50) emperors (see China, §IV, 2(vii)(b) and (c)). Qianlong had a fascination for things European, and a group of Europeans, headed by the Italian Jesuit giuseppe Castiglione became prominent at his court. They served primarily as architects, best known for buildings in a combination Rococo–Chinese style, constructed at the Yuanming yuan (known as the Old Summer Palace) outside Beijing, where the Emperor spent an increasing amount of time (see Beijing, §2 and fig. 1). Castiglione, a favourite of the Emperor, directed immense projects, such as the pictorial recording of the imperial campaigns, and painted likenesses of the Emperor’s preferred horses, pets and courtiers. Qianlong delighted in European gadgets, from toys to telescopes, and the Europeans were responsible for procuring these objects, instructing the Emperor in their use and keeping them repaired. Qianlong was a calligrapher of the Copybook (tie) school, as were his forebears, and he assiduously studied the works of Wang Xizhi, Zhao Mengfu, Wen Zhengming and Dong Qichang. His reign was famous for great calligraphers trained in traditional copybook models, including Liu Yong, Zhang Zhao (1691–1795) and Wang Wenzhi (1730–1802). The Emperor was prolific in his inscriptions and relied on others, including probably Zhung Zhao, to imitate his hand anonymously. His calligraphy cannot be considered as art: it is uniformly uninflected, though at least, unlike his painting, consistent, practised and smooth. Qianlong recorded that he began to study bird-and-flower painting in his collection and to paint when he was 19; he noted as his models the artists Xu Xi and Huang Quan, among others. The Emperor’s name came to be associated with paintings in every genre, as attested by one edition of the Shigu baoji (1745) mentioning over a thousand titles. However, most of the more skilful, detailed and coloured works contain little of his own brushwork and are products of court painters. A monochrome flower painting (1759; Princeton, U., NJ, A. Mus.) exemplifies the Emperor’s painting abilities. Directed by a court painter’s faint underdrawing in charcoal, the Emperor’s rendering of eight different kinds of flower is halting. The weak lines and flat, insipid brushwork, devoid of life, create a string of sad, wilted images. The calligraphy of his verse, appended to each flower, is in comparison stronger. Despite his indifferent talent, Qianlong continued to paint every day, as part of an invariable routine, until his death. --DOA ", +"date": "1711 - 1799 (r. 1736 - 1796)", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QiaoZhongchang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qiao, Zhongchang", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q26z45c35 Alternate names: Ch'iao Chung-ch'ang, 喬仲常 Song dynasty From Shanxi province. Painted religious pictures following Li Gonglin. Also, secular figures and landscapes. --Seymour", +"date": "first half 12th century ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QijiaDawa", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qijia, Dawa", +"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Ganzi, Sichuan province; member of the Tibetan minority", +"date": "born 1946", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QinDahu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qin, Dahu", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QinYi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qin, Yi", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q28y28 Alternate names: Ch'in I, 欽揖 Ming dynasty From Suzhou. Landscapes and calligraphy. --Seymour", +"date": "17th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QinYuanyue", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qin, Yuanyue", +"comment": "Cohen, Joan Lebold; New Chinese Painting, 1949-1986, New York: Harry Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1987. Chinese artist from Beijing, teacher at the Central Institute of Nationalities art department; member of the Modern Heavy Color Movement", +"date": "b. 1940", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QingWang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qing, Wang", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese painter", +"date": "active 1950s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QiuShiMissQiu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qiu, Shi (Miss Qiu)", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q33s43 Alternate names: Ch'iu Shih, Duling neishi, Miss Qiu, 仇氏 Ming dynasty Especially noted for her pictures of Guanyin. Published an album, "Portraits of Guanyin," with a forward by Du Jin. --Weidner From Suzhou. Daughter of Qiu Ying. Painted figures in the style of her father. Buddhist figures and landscapes. --Seymour", +"date": "mid - late 16th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QiuShihua", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qiu, Shihua", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese painter, born in Sichuan Province; lives and works in Shenzhen.", +"date": "b. 1940", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QiuWenbo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qiu, Wenbo", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q33w27b38 Alternate names: Ch'iu Wen-po, 丘文播 Five dynasties From Sichuan province. Painted Buddhist and Daoist figures, landscapes, buffalos. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 933 - 965", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QiuYing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qiu, Ying", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q33y32 Alternate names: Ch'iu Ying, 仇英 Ming dynasty (b Taicang, Jiangsu Province, ?1494; d c. 1552). Chinese painter. Chinese historical writings refer to Qiu as one of the Four Great Masters of the Ming period (1368–1644), along with Shen Zhou, Wen Zhengming and Tang Yin. He was born into a humble family and studied painting with Zhou Chen in Suzhou, centre of the Wu school of painting, but lived and worked on the fringes of scholarly Suzhou society. His livelihood depended solely upon his skill in satisfying the tastes and demands of his patrons. More fortunate than other commercial artists, he had three art collectors as patrons, with each of whom he stayed for several years. One was Chen Guan from Suzhou. The other two were Zhou Fenglai (1523–55), from nearby Kunshan, and the well-known wealthy collector Xiang Yuanbian, whose home was in Jiaxing in Zhejiang Province. To satisfy his patrons, Qiu depicted a broad range of subjects in a wide variety of styles. Some of his pictures were commemorative, while others were used as birthday or presentation gifts. His paintings emphasize visual beauty, often including detailed luxuriant settings and rich colours, reflecting the deep-rooted sensuousness that is a major aspect of Ming taste. He also made exact copies of ancient masterpieces, and this and his talent for incorporating older motifs into his own work have made it difficult to establish his oeuvre, a problem compounded by a lack of extant dated works and a plethora of imitations and forgeries. Although many landscape paintings assigned to him today are rendered in opaque bright blue and green pigments, many of these are problematic as being from his hand. More easily acceptable are his works in the softer version of this style, as was popular among other 16th-century artists, in which the colours are muted and translucent, as in his illustration (handscroll, ink and colours on paper; Shenyang, Liaoning Prov. Mus.) of the prose poem Chibi fu (‘Ode on the red cliff’) by Su Shi or Towers and Pavilions in Immortals Mountains (hanging scroll, ink and colours on paper; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). Qiu’s reliance upon and abilities to recreate the qualities of Song dynasty paintings is demonstrated in Awaiting the Ferry by an Autumn River (hanging scroll, ink and colours on silk; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) where the entire central portion is derived from Autumn Landscape, once attributed to the Southern Song artist Liu Sungnian, and is perhaps an early close copy of his work (album leaf, ink and light colours on silk; Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.). Many Song artists strove for accurate depiction of landscape scenes with great fidelity to natural nuances and Qiu’s picture has been praised for its ‘surprisingly illusionistic rendering of late-afternoon sunlight and shade’. Six remarkable paintings associated with Qiu, exceptional in their arresting and sensitive descriptions of times of day and for unusual treatments of the sky, are gathered in the album Landscapes after Song and Yuan Masters (ink and colours on silk; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). The most stunning picture in the album depicts a rustic environment at dusk. The hues of the landscape are muted, those of the sky darkening; the brightest spot is near the centre where two gentlemen sit in conversation in a villa, its lighted buildings and compound aglow in the subdued surroundings. Five leaves in this album originally had a line of characters scribbled along their right edge, however the pages have been trimmed so that little of the text remains. The legible portions do not seem to be poetry; they may simply be descriptive notes to be followed by the artist. If so, this is a unique revelation of how an artist may have worked, jotting down as reminders the motifs in a painting he saw and wanted to replicate at a later time or simply noting image ideas for a painting. In other landscapes, such as A Lady in a Lakeside Pavilion (hanging scroll, ink and light colours on paper; Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.), Qiu blends the angular rhythms and rhomboidal rock formations as well as the asymetrical composition, all derived from those of his teacher Zhou Chen, and recalling the art of Li Tang, the influential artist of the Northern Song period (960–1127) with the dry ink and sparse brushwork reflecting Yuan dynasty preferences. Qiu was a conscientious observer of reality who scrupulously transferred what he saw into his pictures. A superb draftsman, he excelled in faultlessly depicting the human figure, architecture, objects and nature accurately and convincingly, even, sometimes, in miniature. His buildings, pavilions and terraces are always completely rendered as completely comprehensible architecture defining spaces designed for living, never merely as structure. Qiu’s profound sensitivity to nature far exceeded that of other artists. His plants always grow out of the soil, branch and leaf are in correct relation to each other, grass blades cluster properly. He rarely used pepper dots or other generic ‘foliage’ conventions when he could, instead, depict rushes, or reeds, or grasses, or lotus leaves. Some of Qiu’s figure paintings, such as Soliciting a Donkey for Mr Zhu (handscroll, ink on paper; New York, Met.), imitate the plain-line drawing (baimiao) of the 11th-century artist Li Gonglin. Qiu’s male faces, squarish in shape with the eyes sharply askew, were influenced by his older contemporary working in Nanjing, Wu Wei. His female figures are more distinctly his own, as in Spring Morning in the Han Palace (handscroll, ink and colours on silk; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), in which oval feminine faces are defined with an even, regular contour. The eyes are usually askew, a convention related to the fact that the face is drawn from a three-quarter view, with some of it always visible beyond the corner of the far eye. Eyebrows are thin, short arcs, often pointed at the centre. Lips are rarely completely indicated and the corners are pulled sharply upward into a V-shaped smile. A small dot may accentuate the lower lip. In his treatment of clothing Qiu’s brushwork is generally controlled and carefully descriptive of folds or creases. However, in Playing Music under the Banana Trees (hanging scroll, ink and colours on paper; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) the figures are more freely drawn, perhaps representing the influence of contemporary Nanjing artists who employed more flamboyant, erratic brushwork. Qiu sometimes manipulated imagery to communicate abstract scholarly ideas. The Garden of Self-enjoyment (handscroll, ink and colours on paper; Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.) depicts the halls and pavilions of the garden of the 11th-century scholar-statesman Sima Guang. An abrupt shift of viewpoint just before the final pavilion, the Viewing the Mountain Terrace, forces the viewer to focus beyond the garden to high hills and flowing streams. By this means Qiu emphasized visually the meaning given by Sima Guang to his garden in his own writings: a Confucian interpretation conveyed metaphorically through allusions to climbing heights and reminiscing about history and the past. Many works by Qiu contain mildly eroticized motifs derived from poetic conventions. In the Chinese symbolic vocabulary, a woman standing on the balcony of a second-story of a house implies she is gazing in the direction her lord took when they parted. Titillating thoughts in the mind of the viewer might be evoked by A Lady in a Lakeside Pavilion where a lovely woman stands on a balcony and gazes out over the lake. Her hands are in her sleeves, and one hand is raised to her chin in a standard gesture of a love-lorn woman. In the Chinese poetic lexicon, the spring wind is ‘an impetuous lover’. In A Lady in a Lakeside Pavilion, the spring breeze, which stirs amorous thoughts, is suggested by the agitated, fluttering fringe. In A Beauty in Spring Thoughts (handscroll, ink and light colours on paper; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), the dainty woman toys with her girdle as a prelude to lovemaking. Although Qiu had many followers, including his son, daughter and a son-in-law, as well as many imitators, none attained his stature, and he has no real successors. --DOA", +"date": "1495 - 1552", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QiuZhijie", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qiu, Zhijie", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Fujian Province, resides in Beijing; studied at the Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts in Hangzhou, 1992.", +"date": "born 1969", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QuDing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qu, Ding", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c45d36 Alternate names: Ch'ü Ting, 屈鼎 Song dynasty Academy painter. Painted landscapes following Yan Wengui. --Seymour", +"date": "active ca. 1023 - 1056", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QuGuhan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qu, Guhan", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QuLeilei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qu, Leilei", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist. Member of the Stars group", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QuQiubai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qu, Qiubai", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QuanHandong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Quan, Handong", +"comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. Born in Guilin, Guangxi Provence. Now lives in New York city.", +"date": "b. 1956", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QuanShanshi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Quan, Shanshi", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", +"date": "born 1930", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QuejieJiangyang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Quejie, Jiangyang", +"comment": "Wei Ran; Buddhist Buildings (Ancient Chinese Architecture series, v.6), English edition, New York: Springer-Verlag Wien, 2000. ", +"date": "1416", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QuerolJordi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Querol, Jordi", +"comment": "Ariza Muñoz, Carmen; Jardines de Madrid: Paseos Arbolados, Plazas y Parques, Madrid: Ayuntamiento de Madrid y Lunwerg Editores, 2001. ", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QuervilleAnthonyGabriel", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Querville, Anthony Gabriel", +"comment": "Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute; Masterpieces of American furniture from the Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, NY: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1999. ", +"date": "1789-1856", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QuintanaVidalFrancesc", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Quintana Vidal, Francesc", +"comment": "Bassegoda i Nonell, Juan; Gaudí: the Entire Works, Sant Lluís, Menorca: Triangle Postals, 2007. Spanish architect in Catalan", +"date": "20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QutbalDinAybakSultan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Qutb al-Din Aybak, Sultan", +"comment": "Archnet; http://archnet.org. First Sultan of Delhi; Founder of the Mamluk dynasty Alternate name: Qutb-ud-din Aybak", +"date": "1193-1211", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RandWWilson", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "R. & W. Wilson", +"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. ", +"date": "1825-1909", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RJHornerandCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "R.J. Horner and Company", +"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999 (0939802872). Based in New York.", +"date": "1886-ca. 1915", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RaackePeter", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Raacke, Peter", +"comment": "Fiell, Charlotte and Peter Fiell; Modern Chairs, Cologne: Taschen, 1993. ", +"date": "1928-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RachouHenri", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Rachou, Henri", +"comment": "Seidel, Linda; Romanesque Sculpture from the Cathedral of Saint-Etienne, Toulouse, New York; London: Garland Publishing, 1977. ", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RadinMichael", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Radin, Michael", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RadisicPierre", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Radisic, Pierre", +"comment": "Ewing, William A.; Body: Photographs of the Human Form, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1994. Belgian photographer", +"date": "b. 1958", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RafibinShamsbinMansur", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Rafi bin Shams bin Mansur", +"comment": "Archnet; http://archnet.org. Architect of the Friday Mosque of Gulbarga", +"date": "1367", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RaimundJosef", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Raimund, Josef", +"comment": "Rak, Jiri, Radim Vondracek and Clauda Terenzi; Biedermeier: Art and Culture in Central Europe, 1815-1848, Milan, New York: Skira Editore, Rizzoli International, 2001. ", +"date": "active mid 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RajakumarCrownPrinceofPagan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Rajakumar, Crown Prince of Pagan", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Rightful heir to the throne after the death of his father, King Kyansittha, but relinquished his rights to honor his father's designated successor and grandson, Alaungsithu.", +"date": "active early 12th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RajivSaini+Associates", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Rajiv Saini + Associates", +"comment": "Roth, Manuela; Ecological Living, Kempen: teNeus Verlag, 2009. Indian architectural firm", +"date": "active 1992-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RakaiPikatan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Rakai Pikatan", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. King of the second Mataram dynasty in Central Java", +"date": "9th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RamírezJavierCha!", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ramírez, Javier Cha!", +"comment": "Name derived from a website. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RampendahlHFCpossilbyby", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Rampendahl, H. F. C. (possilby by)", +"comment": "Victoria and Albert Museum http://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O62293/armchair/. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RandahlShop", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Randahl Shop", +"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. Chicago silversmithing workshop", +"date": "1911-1950", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RandahlJuliusOlaf", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Randahl, Julius Olaf", +"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. Designer of handwrought silver", +"date": "1880-1972", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RandolfCorneliaJefferson", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Randolf, Cornelia Jefferson", +"comment": "Adams, William Howard, National Gallery of Art (U.S.); The Eye of Thomas Jefferson, Washington, National Gallery of Art: 1976. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RandolphJohnHampden", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Randolph, John Hampden", +"comment": "Gleason, David King; Plantation Homes of Louisiana and the Natchez Area, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982. Virginia planter who built a sugar empire in Iberville, Louisiana.", +"date": "mid 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RankineVV", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Rankine, V. V.", +"comment": "Fineberg, Jonathan. Art since 1940 : strategies of being. New York : Prentice Hall : H.N. Abrams, 2000.. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Rankōsai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Rankōsai", +"comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker, follower of Ryukōsai, worked in Osaka; known only for a single hosoban diptych (Rankosai could be the art name of another artist).", +"date": "ca. 1805", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RansonnetteN", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ransonnette, N.", +"comment": "Leniaud, Jean-Michel; Sainte Chapelle, Paris: Nathan/CNMHS, 1991. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RaschJürgenJ", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Rasch, Jürgen J.", +"comment": "WorldCat. 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", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RationalAlternatives", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Rational Alternatives", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RauWilliamH", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Rau, William H.", +"comment": "Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. New York: Abbeville Press, 1997.. 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", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RaynaudJ", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Raynaud, J.", +"comment": "Prin, Maurice; L'Ensemble conventuel des Jacobins de Toulouse, Toulouse: Les Amis des Archives de la Haute-Garonne, 2007. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Raz̤avī", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Raz̤avī", +"comment": "Petrosyan, Yuri A., Oleg F. Akimushkin, Anas B. Khalidov, and Efim A. Rezvan; Pages of Perfection: Islamic Paintings and Calligraphy from the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Lugano; Milan: ARCH Foundation; Electa, 1995. alternate name: Ghiyās al-Din Muhammad Razavī", +"date": "active mid 17th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReadGeorgetheII", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Read, George the II", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 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Trapp, with essays by Leslie Greene Bowman. Oakland, Calif. : Oakland Museum: Abbeville Press, 1993. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RedzepiRené", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Redzepi, René", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. chef", +"date": "born 1977", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReedandStem", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Reed and Stem", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Architecture firm established in St. Paul, Minnesota by Charles A. Reed and Allen H. Stem.", +"date": "1891-1911", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReedEthel", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Reed, Ethel", +"comment": "Meyer, Marilee Boyd; Inspiring Reform: Boston's Arts and Crafts Movement, Wellesley: Davis Museum and Cultural Center, 1997. graphic designer", +"date": "1874-before 1925", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReedPollyAnnJane", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Reed, Polly Ann (Jane)", +"comment": "Sprigg, June; Shaker Design, New York, London: Whitney Museum of American Art, W.W. Norton & Company, 1986. Shaker painter", +"date": "1818-1881", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReedTerry", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Reed, Terry", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. American photographer, based in Seattle.", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReesTim", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Rees, Tim", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. landscape gardner", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReeserAmanda", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Reeser, Amanda", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American architectural historian, author and co-editor of PRAXIS", +"date": "active after ca. 2000", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Reford", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Reford", +"comment": "MacDonald, George F.; Haida Monumental Art: Villages of the Queen Charlotte Islands, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1983. photographer", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RegnyJane", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Regny, Jane", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReichardtC", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Reichardt, C.", +"comment": "Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. New York : Abbeville Press, 1997. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReichenbachCarlGeorgvon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Reichenbach, Carl Georg von", +"comment": "Hiesinger, Kathryn Bloom; Art Nouveau in Munich: Masters of Jugendstil from the Stadtmuseum, Munich, and Other Public and Private Collections, Philadelphia, Munich: Philadelphia Museum of Art, Prestel-Verlag, 1988. ", +"date": "1872-1940", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReinbergMarthaEnriquez", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Reinberg, Martha Enriquez", +"comment": "Reinberg, Georg W. and Matthias Boeckl; Reinberg: Ökologische Architektur: Entwurf, Planung, Ausführung = Ecological Architecture: Design, Planning, Realization, New York: SpringerWien, 2008. ", +"date": "active early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReinerJosef", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Reiner, Josef", +"comment": "Rak, Jiri, Radim Vondracek and Clauda Terenzi; Biedermeier: Art and Culture in Central Europe, 1815-1848, Milan, New York: Skira Editore, Rizzoli International, 2001. ", +"date": "active mid 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReinhardandHormeister", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Reinhard & Hormeister", +"comment": "New York Art Deco Skyscrapers, 1924-1939, Tokyo: E ando Yu, 1987. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReinholdMerkelbach", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Reinhold Merkelbach", +"comment": "Hiesinger, Kathryn Bloom; Art Nouveau in Munich: Masters of Jugendstil from the Stadtmuseum, Munich, and Other Public and Private Collections, Philadelphia, Munich: Philadelphia Museum of Art, Prestel-Verlag, 1988. From 1912-1918, Reinhold Merkelbach was part of a partnership known as Steinzeugwerke GmbH. Reinhold Merkelbach did not, however, contribute any character steins to this combine. From 1982 until 1988, Reinhold Merkelbach was part of the Goebel Company and was known as Goebel Merkelbach. Today the company is known as Merkelbach Manufaktur GmbH. --http://www.charactersteins.com/csbook/reinholdm.htm", +"date": "1845-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReiningerAlon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Reininger, Alon", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReishosaiKoji", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Reishosai, Koji", +"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReissHans", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Reiss, Hans", +"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. illustrator", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReissJeff", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Reiss, Jeff", +"comment": "David A. Bainbridge Gift Collection, Architecture and Allied Arts Library, University of Oregon. ", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReissPhyllis", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Reiss, Phyllis", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReissWintold", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Reiss, Wintold", +"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Reklamfilm", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Reklamfilm", +"comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. ", +"date": "active 1950s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RemickJerome", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Remick, Jerome", +"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RenGuisheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ren, Guisheng", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RenJian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ren, Jian", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Liaoning Province, resides in Wuhan, Hubei province; studied at Luxun Academy of Fine Arts, Shenyang, 1987.", +"date": "born 1965", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RenLangsheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ren, Langsheng", +"comment": "Suzhou Institute of Landscape Architectural Design; Suzhou gardens, Beijing: Zhongguo jian zhu gong ye chu ban she, 1999. scholar official during the Guangxu period of the Qing dynasty", +"date": "late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RenMengzhang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ren, Mengzhang", +"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese painter, born in Hebei, graduated in 1953 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts; works in Shenyang, Liaoning", +"date": "b. 1934", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RenRenfa", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ren, Renfa", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). r26r26f22 Alternate names: Jen Jen-fa, 任仁發 Yuan dynasty (b Qinglongzhen [now Qingpu, Songjiang, Shanghai Municipality], 1255; d 1328). Chinese painter. Under the Yuan dynasty (1279–1368) he became an official, rising to the level of Vice-President of the River Conservation Bureau. He was famous for his paintings of horses (see fig.), which were much admired by both his Mongol and Chinese patrons. In horse painting he followed in the tradition of the Song-period (960–1279) artist Li gonglin, which was characterized by use of the ‘iron-wire’ line and a minimum of shading. Ultimately, however, Ren’s style can be traced to the Tang (ad 618–907) painters Yan Liben and Han Gan. Ren’s earliest surviving painting is dated 1280, indicating that he was a mature artist by his mid-twenties. Although he worked as an official under the alien Mongol emperors, he was capable of paintings that incorporated clear political messages. The most famous is Fat and Lean Horses (Beijing, Pal. Mus.), in which, according to his inscription, the fat horse represents the self-satisfied, wealthy official and the lean one the humble, poor, self-deprecating official. Most extant works by Ren are depictions of horses, but Two Ducks on an Autumn River (Shanghai Mus.) indicates that he was also accomplished in the bird-and-flower (huaniao) genre. This work suggests Ren’s use of the style of the 10th-century painter Huang Quan (see Xu Bangda). Ren’s abilities as a figure painter are demonstrated in the superb handscroll, the Daoist Immortal Zhang Guolao in Audience with Tang Minghuang (Beijing, Pal. Mus.). Ren had several talented followers, including his son, Ren Zizhao, and grandson, Ren Bowen. The latter is represented by one surviving work, the brilliant handscroll, Tribute Bearers (San Francisco, Asian A. Mus.). A colophon on this scroll by Wen Zhengming suggests that the model may have been a work by Yan Liben or Qian Xuan. Ren Renfa’s tomb was discovered in Qingpu in the 1950s. --DOA", +"date": "1255 - 1328", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RenXia", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ren, Xia", +"comment": "Weidner, Marsha, Ellen Johnston Laing, Irving Yucheng Lo, Christina Chu, and James Robinson; Views from Jade Terrace: Chinese Women Artists 1300-1912, Indianapolis: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 1988 (0847810038). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RenXiong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ren, Xiong", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). r26x32 Alternate names: Jen Hsiung, 任熊 Qing dynasty (b Xiaoshan County, Zhejiang Province, 1820; d 1857). Chinese painter. He is grouped with his brother Ren Xun (1835–93), his son Ren Yu (1853–1901) and his student Ren yi as one of the ‘Four Rens’ who dominated late 19th-century painting in Shanghai (see China, §V, 3(viii)(b) and Shanghai school). He painted several popular painting manuals for subjects such as ancient heroes, immortals and hermits. He introduced into his conventional depictions of cultural heroes a sense of metaphysical inquiry and radical self-doubt that provides an insight into mid-19th century China, on the brink of cataclysmic change. In his Zihua xiang (‘Self-portrait’; Beijing, Pal. Mus.; see China, fig. 131) it is not entirely clear whether the figure is dressed as a peasant or as a monk; his bared chest is both defiant and feminine. His tonsure could be that of a monk or of a soldier. The inscription speaks of a rejection of idealism and a loss of identity. As a youth Ren Xiong trained with a local portraitist in Xiaoshan until he was expelled from his teacher’s studio. He began to sell his paintings in the commercial port of Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, where he met the scholar Yao Xie. Recognizing Ren’s talent for illustration, Yao commissioned an album of 120 leaves illustrating his poems. In Yao Xie, Ren Xiong gained a patron, the opportunity to view the paintings in Yao’s collections while living in his house and recognition from Yao’s circle of friends. Ren Xiong’s talent for woodblock illustration naturally attracted him to Suzhou in Jiangsu Province, a centre of book publishing and the home of his in-laws (he married the daughter of the painter Huang Zhu). When Ren Xiong discovered that the young Ren Yi in Shanghai was able to copy his works so successfully as to deceive buyers into thinking they were originals, he invited Ren Yi to Suzhou to become his student, by which he probably meant that Ren Yi was to assist him in the production of woodblock prints. In the process of engraving on wood practised in this period, the artist, in this case Ren Xiong, made books by painting illustrations and then engaging a craftsman to translate each painting to a sheet that could be pasted down on the block to guide the engraver. While the painter and even the engraver might command a reputation, the craftsman who provided the translation did not. Ren Xiong developed his figurative style from Chen Hongshou, another prolific book illustrator who brought to painting a temperament inclined to irony and social criticism, and a distinctive archaic linearity derived from the marks possible with the rigid tools of woodblock-engraving. Ren Xiong’s mature years were interrupted by the havoc of the Taiping Rebellion (1850–64). He was conscripted into the imperial army and served at the headquarters of the general charged with recapturing Nanjing, in Anhui Province. In August of 1856 Ren Xiong’s unit was defeated, and Ren went home. In the following year he died of tuberculosis at the age of 37, while engaged in illustrating a book, the Gaoshichuan (‘The lofty hermits’). Ren was capable of both stock illustration and perceptive character analysis in a popular medium. As one of the Four Rens he represents late 19th-century art in Shanghai. Shanghai artists were derisively labelled Haipai (‘Sea school’) by northern critics in the early 20th century, who contrasted the new modes of painting typified by Haipai, which engendered new patrons and touched the popular imagination, with the older canons of literati art, preserved in circles of artists who spurned professionalism. This criticism spawned a debate that continues to colour contemporary theories of 19th- and 20th-century Chinese painting. --DOA Painted landscapes, figures, flowers, birds, animals, fruit. --Seymour", +"date": "1820 - 1864", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RenXun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ren, Xun", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). r26x37 Alternate names: Jen Hsün, 任薰 Qing dynasty From Zhejiang. He is grouped with his older brother Ren Xiong (1820-1864), his son Ren Yu (1853–1901) and his student Ren yi as one of the ‘Four Rens’ who dominated late 19th-century painting in Shanghai. --DOA Painted flowers, figures, family tradition. --Seymour", +"date": "1835 - 1893", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RenYi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ren, Yi", +"comment": "Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she; Shanghai ban hua xuan ji, Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1963. alternate name: 任意", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RenYu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ren, Yu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). r25y35 Alternate names: Jen Yü, 任預 Qing dynasty From Zhejiang. 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American photographer", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RenzhenLangjia", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Renzhen, Langjia", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Luhuo, Sichuan Province, Tibetan; member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 仁真朗加", +"date": "born 1943", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ResigDorothyD", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Resig, Dorothy D.", +"comment": "Shanks, Hershel; Jerusalem's Temple Mount: From Solomon to the Golden Dome, New York: Continuum, 2007. managing editor of the Biblical Archaeology Review (BAR)", +"date": "active ca. 2005-ca. 2007", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReuschH", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Reusch, H.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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", +"date": "r. 1334-1345", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RichardsCatherine", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Richards, Catherine", +"comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", +"date": "contemporary", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RichardsWGH", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Richards, W. G. H.", +"comment": "Hinnebusch, William A.; Early English Friars Preachers, Romae: Ad S. Sabinae, 1951. 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", +"date": "active 18th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SandaldjianHagop", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sandaldjian, Hagop", +"comment": "Heartney, Eleanor; Art & Today, New York: Phaidon Press, Inc., 2008. An Egyptian born Armenian artist, musician, and micro-miniature sculptor. His works have only been displayed at the Museum of Jurassic Technology in Los Angeles in the exhibit 'Eye of the Needle,' and it is uncertain whether he is a real person or a fictional character invented by curator David Wilson.", +"date": "1931-1990", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SanderKatya", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sander, Katya", +"comment": "http://the-artists.org. ", +"date": "born 1970", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SandersCharles", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sanders, Charles", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SandinD", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sandin, D.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Sandoval", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sandoval", +"comment": "UO AAA Library Architectural Drawing Collection. AAA Architecture student", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SandovalE", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sandoval, E.", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SandwichGlassCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sandwich Glass Company", +"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. Sandwich, MA", +"date": "1825-1888", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SanetelRonaldL", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sanetel, Ronald L.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SanfilippoPhilip", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sanfilippo, Philip", +"comment": "Architects' Emergency Committee; Great Georgian Houses of America, 1970 unabridged republication, New York: Dover Publications, 1970. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SankoGalina", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sanko, Galina", +"comment": "Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. New York: Abbeville Press, 1997.. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SanseishaCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sanseisha Company", +"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Demon of Painting: The Art of Kawanabe Kyosai, London: British Museum Press, 1993. 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", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SantiniNicolao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Santini, Nicolao", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active mid 17th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SantisLudovicaBuccide", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Santis, Ludovica Bucci de", +"comment": "Mazzoleni, Donatella; Domus: Wall Painting in the Roman House, Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2004. ", +"date": "21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SapirEdward", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sapir, Edward", +"comment": "MacDonald, George F.; Haida Art, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1996. photographer", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SaronyandMajor", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sarony and Major", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Napoleon Sarony joined James Major in starting a lithography business in New York City", +"date": "1843-1853", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SarumMaster", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sarum Master", +"comment": "Alexander, Jonathan and Paul Binski, eds.; Age of Chivalry: Art in Plantagenet England, 1200-1400, London: Royal Academy of Arts in association with Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1987. Salisbury", +"date": "active mid 13th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SataJT", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sata, J.T.", +"comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. ", +"date": "1896-1975", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SatachiShichijiro", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Satachi, Shichijiro", +"comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. 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", +"date": "active ca. 1945", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchillingHoward", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Schilling, Howard", +"comment": "Turner, Suzanne and A.J. Meek; Gardens of Louisiana: Places of Work and Wonder, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997. American horticulturalist", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchindelKonrad", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Schindel, Konrad", +"comment": "Roder, Sabine, Gerhard Storck, and Michael Fehr; Deutsches Museum fur Kunst in Handel und Gewerbe, 1909-1919, Antwerp: Pandora, 1997. silversmith at Wiener Werkstatt", +"date": "active ca. 1904", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchipporeitHeinrichAssociates", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Schipporeit-Heinrich Associates", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1960s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchlesingerJohn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Schlesinger, John", +"comment": "Aperture, no. 103. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchmannsCarl", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Schmanns, Carl", +"comment": "Kähler, Gert; Path of Modernism: Architecture, 1900-1930, Berlin: Jovis, 2009. 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", +"date": "1895-1906", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchmidtArthur", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Schmidt, Arthur", +"comment": "Herzogenrath, Wulf and Stefan Kraus; Bauhaus Utopien: Arbeiten auf Papier, Stuttgart: Cantz, 1988. ", +"date": "active ca. 1930", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchmidtFriedrichvon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Schmidt, Friedrich von", +"comment": "Dehio, Georg and Gustav von Bezold; Die Kirchliche Baukunst des Abendlandes: Historisch und Systematisch Dargestellt, atlas v.5, Stuttgart: J.G. Cotta, 1969. 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", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchmiegHungateandKotzianIncorporated", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Schmieg, Hungate, and Kotzian, Incorporated", +"comment": "Hanks, David A. and Jennifer Toher; Donald Deskey: Decorative Designs and Interiors, New York: E.P. Dutton, 1987. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchmutzerJoseph", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Schmutzer, Joseph", +"comment": "Schütz, Bernard; Great Monasteries of Europe, English language edition, New York; London: Abeeville Press Publishers, 2004. apparently not ULAN 500062826", +"date": "active mid 18th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchneiderKristian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Schneider, Kristian", +"comment": "Kaplan, Wendy; 'The Art That is Life': The Arts and Crafts Movement in America, 1875-1920, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1987. ", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchnellenbühelGertraudvon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Schnellenbühel, Gertraud von", +"comment": "Hiesinger, Kathryn Bloom; Art Nouveau in Munich: Masters of Jugendstil from the Stadtmuseum, Munich, and Other Public and Private Collections, Philadelphia, Munich: Philadelphia Museum of Art, Prestel-Verlag, 1988. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchockCarl", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Schock, Carl", +"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchoenbornAugust", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Schoenborn, August", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 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", +"date": "active 1850", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchöllkopfHeimo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Schöllkopf, Heimo", +"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchönHeinrich", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Schön, Heinrich", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 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", +"date": "241-272 CE", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SharpGeorge", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sharp, George", +"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. ", +"date": "active 1844-ca. 1972", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SharpeEric", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sharpe, Eric", +"comment": "Carruthers, Annette and Mary Greensted; Good citizen's furniture : the arts and crafts collections at Cheltenham, Cheltenham: Cheltenham Art Gallery and Museum, 1994. English furniture designer in the Arts and Crafts movement.", +"date": "n.d.", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SharpleRolinda", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sharple, Rolinda", +"comment": "Borzello, Frances; Seeing Ourselves: Women's Self-Portraits, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShawAlfred", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shaw, Alfred", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Trained in the office of Daniel H. Burnham's architectural firm in Chicago; later part of the firm of Shaw, Naess & Murphy", +"date": "1895-1970", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShawFrank", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shaw, Frank", +"comment": "Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute; Masterpieces of American furniture from the Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, NY: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1999. ", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShawJosephineHartwell", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shaw, Josephine Hartwell", +"comment": "Meyer, Marilee Boyd; Inspiring Reform: Boston's Arts and Crafts Movement, Wellesley: Davis Museum and Cultural Center, 1997. Jewelry designer", +"date": "1865-1941", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShawMC", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shaw, M.C.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShawS", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shaw, S.", +"comment": "Hillenbrand, Robert; Islamic Architecture: Form, Function and Meaning, New York: Columbia University Press, 1994. illustrator", +"date": "active 1994", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShaykhHamdullahalAmsani", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shaykh Hamdullah al-Amsani", +"comment": "Metropolitan Museum of Art; Islamic World, Tokyo: Dai Nippon Printing Co., 1987. Alternate name: Hamdullah ibn Mustafah Dede Taught calligraphy to the Sultan Bayazid II (1481-1520). Born in Amasya, Turkey. Specialized in naskeh calligraphy", +"date": "d. 1519", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShaykhZadeh", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shaykh Zadeh", +"comment": "Metropolitan Museum of Art; Islamic World, Tokyo: Dai Nippon Printing Co., 1987. Student of Bizad Alternate name: Shaykh-Zadeh", +"date": "active 1539", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SheddJohnG", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shedd, John G.", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. second president and chairman of the board of Marshall Field & Company; civic leader and founding member of the Commercial Club of Chicago; major philanthropist", +"date": "1850-1926", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SheererMaryGiven", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sheerer, Mary Given", +"comment": "Kaplan, Wendy; 'The Art That is Life': The Arts and Crafts Movement in America, 1875-1920, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1987. ", +"date": "1865-1954", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SheldrickMearsandCW", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sheldrick, Mears and C.W.", +"comment": "Fairclough, Oliver and Emmeline Leary; Textiles by William Morris and Morris & Co., 1861-1940, London, Westfield, NJ: Thames and Hudson, Eastview Editions, 1981. ", +"date": "active 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Shelmerdine", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shelmerdine", +"comment": "UO AAA Library Architectural Drawing Collection. AAA Architecture student", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SheltonDavid", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shelton, David", +"comment": "Gleason, David King; Antebellum Homes of Georgia, Baton Rouge; London: Louisiana State University Press, 1987. Virginian who came to Georgia in the 1830s where he bought land and developed a plantation.", +"date": "1804-1855", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenBaoshan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shen, Baoshan", +"comment": "Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she; Shanghai ban hua xuan ji, Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1963. alternate name: 沈宝善", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenJiawei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shen, Jiawei", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", +"date": "born 1948", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenQin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shen, Qin", +"comment": "China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. Chinese artist, born Jiangsu Province; graduated 1982 from the Jiangsu Academy of Chinese Painting Academy.", +"date": "b. 1958", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenQiong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shen, Qiong", +"comment": "Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she; Shanghai ban hua xuan ji, Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1963. alternate name: 沈琼", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenQuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shen, Quan", +"comment": "Rawski, Evelyn S. and Jessica Rawson; China: The Three Emperors, 1662-1795, London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2005. ", +"date": "1682-1760", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenRoujian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shen, Roujian", +"comment": "Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she; Shanghai ban hua xuan ji, Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1963. born in Shao'an, Fujian Province; alternate name: 沈柔坚", +"date": "1919-1998", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenShaomin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shen, Shaomin", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist from Heilongjiang Province; lives and works in Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1956", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenXiaotong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shen, Xiaotong", +"comment": "China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. Chinese painter; graduated Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts 1989.", +"date": "b. 1968", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenXun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shen, Xun", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese painter, active during the Yuan and Ming dynasties", +"date": "active ca. 1370-1400", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenYaoding", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shen, Yaoding", +"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese painter, born in Ningbo in Zhejiang Provine; graduated 1965 from the stage art department of China Central Drama Academy", +"date": "b. 1941", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenYaoyi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shen, Yaoyi", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Shanghai, member of the Chinese Artists' Association; alternate name: 沈尧伊 ", +"date": "born 1943", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenYuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shen, Yuan", +"comment": "Keswick, Maggie; Chinese Garden: History, Art and Architecture, London: Academy Editions, 1978. Chinese artist of the Qing dynasty", +"date": "active mid 18th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenZhen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shen, Zhen", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s39z42 Alternate names: Shen Chen, 沈貞 Ming dynasty From Suzhou. Uncle of Shen Zhou. Painted landscapes following Dong Yuan. --Seymour", +"date": "1400 - 1482", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenZhendong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shen, Zhendong", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Shen Chen-tung", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenbergLaimon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shenberg, Laimon", +"comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. ", +"date": "active 1986", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShengHuangYun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sheng, Huang Yun", +"comment": "Clark, William W. and Robert Mark; First Flying Buttresses: A New Reconstruction of the Nave of Notre-Dame de Paris, Art Bulletin, vol. 66, no. 1. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShengMaoye", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sheng, Maoye", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s42m26y27 Alternate names: Sheng Mao-yeh (Mao-hua), 盛茂燁 Ming dynasty (b Changzhou [modern Suzhou], Jiangsu Province; fl c. 1594–1640). Chinese painter. Little is known about the life of Sheng Maoye: literary sources describe only his painting style, and he provided no personal information in inscriptions on his paintings. There is no record of his having pursued an official career, no family history and no surviving contemporary criticism of his skills. This implies that he did not move in Suzhou literati circles, since painters firmly established in the scholar–amateur élite, such as Dong Qichang, are generally well documented. Indeed, Sheng’s paintings are ‘functional’ rather than in the literati style (see China, §V, 4(ii)); many are large hanging scrolls depicting groups of scholars in nature, intended for hanging in entrance and reception halls, and some are ‘occasional’ paintings commissioned for special events. It seems that Sheng made his living by painting, but to dismiss him as a ‘professional’, implying vacuous imitation and lack of originality, is to undervalue him. Sheng’s dated paintings belong to the period 1594–1640. He was one of the leading Suzhou masters of his day, although his range of subject-matter was narrower than that of such others as Li Shida and the more highly regarded Zhang Hong. The scrolls Scholars Gazing at a Waterfall (1630; Berlin, Mus. Ostasiat. Kst) and Strolling in Spring Mountains (1623; Takatsuki, Sueyoshi Hashimoto priv. col.) exemplify the salient features of Sheng’s large-scale ‘scholar-in-landscape’ themes. In the former, varied angles, tonal depth and texture create contrasts between the three elements of trees, earth masses and figure groups. Pines and cypresses are broadly outlined, densely textured configurations consisting of exposed roots, dark masses of foliage and contorted, spindly branches. Among the leafless projecting branches there are dark accents in short strokes that seem to leap from the silk with a brusqueness similar to that of Sheng’s calligraphy. Earth forms are less jarring but no more stable. Strolling in Spring Mountains represents a similar, though more exaggerated landscape. The figures in Sheng’s landscapes, which seem only vaguely conscious of the precariousness of their environment, are of a certain type: They tend to be of ample proportion and to wear heavy, full garments which increase their rotundity. Their rather portly physiques are further emphasized by the artist’s inclination to ignore the interior folds of garments and instead to concentrate upon defining the overlapping folds of cuffs, collars and hems with wide, wavering lines (DMB). The ‘scholar-in-landscape’ theme was a standard one in the professional repertory and was also used by such amateurs as Wen Zhengming, although generally the figures are smaller and not the focus of the scene. An undated album of eight leaves (see fig.) is among Sheng’s best works. On the basis of style, it appears to have been executed in the 1620s, when Sheng made greater use of atmospheric effects. The landscape, bathed in mist, includes figures boating or fishing, on bridges or banks, rendered with a few descriptive strokes. Houses are likewise reduced to outlines with minimal indications of thatched or gabled roofs. Hills and banks, rather than being constructed from distinct units and repetitive texture strokes (cun), are defined by successive layers of washes and irregular dots: the palest tones were applied first, and the darkest areas occur as blurred patches of foliage or the dry contours of rock faces. Although there are allusions to the past (one leaf recalls illustrations of Su Shi’s poem Chibi fu (‘Ode on the Red Cliff’), and certain simple elements are close to the style of Dai Jin, the album represents Sheng at his most original. Sheng’s frequent use of far-off mist and vapour, into which the elements of the landscape appear to dissolve, may seem to be intended to avoid the requirements of careful composition and to result in shallow poetic effects. The technique has two practical purposes, however: first, in combination with the darker tones of rocks and middle-ground and foreground trees, mist gives a sense of spatial depth; and second, the viewer is prompted to concentrate on areas of greater definition, approximating the optical experience by which focusing on certain areas means the surrounding environment is perceived as blurred or less distinct. --DOA", +"date": "1625-1640", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShengMou", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sheng, Mou", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s42m42 Alternate names: Sheng Mou, 盛懋 Yuan dynasty (b Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province; fl 1310–60). Chinese painter. He came from a family of professional painters, studying first with his father, Sheng Hong, an artist who had been active in Lin’an (now Hangzhou), the capital of the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279). He also studied with Chen Lin, himself a student of the influential early Yuan-period (1279–1368) painter Zhao Mengfu. Also active in Jiaxing was the literati painter Wu Zhen, one of the Four Masters of the Yuan period, who may also have had some influence on Sheng’s work. According to records, Sheng was skilful at painting landscapes, figures and bird-and-flower subjects. Most of the 60 or so extant works attributed to Sheng are landscapes, usually featuring figures. Because of the variety of his subject-matter, Sheng Mao is difficult to identify firmly either as a professional artist or as one of the literati. The themes of most of his paintings—famous figures from the past, scholars’ retreats, scholars at leisure playing musical instruments or contemplating streams and mountains, and virtuous fishermen—are common to contemporary literati works and probably reflect the concerns of both the artist and his patrons. However, unlike literati artists of the period, Sheng rarely added poetry to his works. Most of his inscriptions consisted only of his signature, the date and sometimes a title or dedication. Nevertheless, several of his works bear poetic colophons by prominent literati contemporaries, suggesting that Sheng had friends and associates among this group. Recluse Fishing by Autumn Trees (1350; New York, Met.), Waiting for a Ferry on an Autumnal River (1351; Beijing, Pal. Mus.) and Boating on a River in Autumn (1361; ink and colours on paper; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) bear several inscriptions and words of praise by literati painters such as Wei Jiuding and Wang Fu. Sheng Mao’s paintings display complex stylistic influences and betray his professional training. Pleasant Summer in a Mountain Retreat (hanging scroll, ink and colours on silk, 1213×578 mm; Kansas City, MO, Nelson–Atkins Mus. A.) is a landscape rendered in the archaistic blue-and-green style (qinglü), which originated in the Tang period (ad 618–907) and was exemplified in the works of Li Sixun (see Li (1)). This manner was later associated with professional artists, as were the meticulous brushwork and detailed figures, architecture and landscape elements that are characteristic of Sheng’s work. The critic Xia Wenyan, in his Tuhui baojian (‘Precious mirror for examining painting’, preface 1365), praised Sheng’s brushwork for its refinement, but observed that Sheng was ‘often carried away by technical skill’, an allusion to the fact that technical virtuosity was anathema to literati artists, who valued amateur status, spontaneity and personal expression. Other works place Sheng stylistically within the literati lineage of Zhao Mengfu by way of Chen Lin. Sheng’s brushwork in Boating on a River in Autumn has a vitality and spontaneity to rival that of any contemporary literatus. A colophon on this work by Wei Jiuding particularly praises Sheng’s trees for the beauty of their ‘awkwardness’, a much sought-after quality in literati painting. Some of his works depicting scholars as hermits or fishermen, such as Hermit Seated under Autumn Trees (hanging scroll, Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) and Fisherman on a Boat under Trees (album leaf, Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), are comparable to the literati paintings of his own time. Nevertheless, they equally show some influence from the 10th-century masters of landscape, Dong Yuan and Juran, such as the use of ‘unravelled rope’ modelling strokes: following ancient models was another major concern of Yuan-period literati painters. Since most of Sheng Mao’s extant works are of consistently high quality, it is reasonable to suppose that the artist was a major figure among the many accomplished painters active in the Jiangnan, the area south of the River Yangzi, during the last 50 years of the Yuan period. --DOA", +"date": "ca. 1310 - 1360", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShengZhu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sheng, Zhu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s42z47 Alternate names: Sheng Chu, 盛著 Yuan dynasty From Zhejiang province. Nephew of Sheng Man. 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", +"date": "active late 19th-early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShepherdRichard", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shepherd, Richard", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Derbyshire mason and builder", +"date": "first half 17th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Shepherd+BoydUSA", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shepherd+Boyd USA", +"comment": "Architecture of Philip Johnson, Boston : Bulfinch Press, 2002. 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British architect, worked in Portland, Oregon in the 1880s", +"date": "active ca. 1885", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SherwoodRobertE", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sherwood, Robert E.", +"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShevitzM", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shevitz, M.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiChong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shi, Chong", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist born in Huangshi, Hubei Province; graduated 1987 from the Hubei Institute of Fine Art", +"date": "b. 1963", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiDawei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shi, Dawei", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiJinsong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shi, Jinsong", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist from Dangyang, Hubei Province; graduated in 1978 from the Hubei Academy of Fine Art, Wuhan", +"date": "b. 1969", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiLu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shi, Lu", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). Chinese painter, printmaker, calligrapher, poet and playwright from Sichuan; joined revolutionaries in Yanan and produced woodcut propaganda prints; later traveled through India and Egypt; alternate name: 石鲁", +"date": "1919-1982", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiQi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shi, Qi", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active mid 20 century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiRui", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shi, Rui", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s43r35 Alternate names: Shih Jui, 石銳 Ming dynasty From Zhejiang province. Summoned to palace. 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Chinese artist born in Liaoning Province; graduated 1990 from the Luxun Academy of Fine Arts", +"date": "b. 1969", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiXuhua", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shi, Xuhua", +"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Wenling, Zhejiang province", +"date": "born 1962", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiYong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shi, Yong", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. 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Chinese artist associated with the No Name Group of underground artists ", +"date": "born 1946 ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiZhong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shi, Zhong", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s43z45 Alternate names: Shih Chung, 史忠 Ming dynasty From Nanjing. Friend of Shen Zhou. Landscapes in Yuan tradition. Also figures, flowers, and bamboo. --Seymour", +"date": "1437 - 1517", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShibakuniSaikotei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shibakuni, Saikotei", +"comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Osaka printmaker of actor prints, perhaps a student of Yoshikuni.", +"date": "active 1821-1826", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShibamiyaChozaemon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shibamiya, Chozaemon", +"comment": "Kobayashi, Tadashi, Johei Sasaki and Naomi Okawa; Taiga to Ōkyo, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. 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AAA Architecture student", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShigehiroShugansai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shigehiro, Shugansai", +"comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker", +"date": "active ca. 1835", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShigetaHK", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shigeta, H.K.", +"comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. ", +"date": "1887-1963", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShikibuKichu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shikibu, Kichu", +"comment": "Zaigai Nihon no shihō (Japanese Art: Selections from Western Collections) v.3, Tokyo: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1979. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Shilu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shilu", +"comment": "Fong, Wen; Between Two Cultures: Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Chinese Paintings From the Robert H. Ellsworth Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; New Haven: Metropolitan Museum of Art; Yale University Press, 2001. ", +"date": "1919-1982", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShimizuIwao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shimizu, Iwao", +"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShimojimaKaye", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shimojima, Kaye", +"comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. ", +"date": "1920s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShimomuraKiyotoki", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shimomura, Kiyotoki", +"comment": "Tokyo National Museum; 100th Anniversary of the Japan Art Institute: Lineage of Modern Japanese Art, Tokyo: Japan Art Institute, 1998. ", +"date": "early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShindōReimei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shindō, Reimei", +"comment": "Tokyo National Museum; 100th Anniversary of the Japan Art Institute: Lineage of Modern Japanese Art, Tokyo: Japan Art Institute, 1998. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShindoTK", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shindo, T.K.", +"comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. ", +"date": "1890-1974", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Shinkai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shinkai", +"comment": "Toda, Teisuke and Ryūsuke Asami; Zenshū jiin to teien : Nanbokuchō, Muromachi no kenchiku chōkoku kōgei, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu. ", +"date": "ca. 12th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShinkaiTaketaro", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shinkai, Taketaro", +"comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", +"date": "1868-1927", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShinsuiIto", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shinsui, Ito", +"comment": "Asian Art Photographic Distribution; Asian Art in the Denver Art Museum. alternate name: Ito Hajime", +"date": "1898-1972", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiomiSeisei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shiomi Seisei", +"comment": "Singer, Robert T. et al.; Edo: Art in Japan 1615-1868, Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1998. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiomiMasanari", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shiomi, Masanari", +"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. Shiomi Masanari was an early 18th century master lacquerer famous for his ultra-fine togidashi-e technique of lacquering. His lines in his works are superfine and are one of the ways of authenticating a work by him.", +"date": "1647-1722", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShippeePaul", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shippee, Paul", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiraiUzan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shirai, Uzan", +"comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", +"date": "1864-1928", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShirayamadaniKitaro", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shirayamadani, Kitaro", +"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. Japanese potter and ceramic artist for Rookwood Pottery", +"date": "1865-1948", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiraziAdulQasim", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shirazi, Adu'l-Qasim", +"comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. calligrapher Qajar", +"date": "active early 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiraziQawamadDin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shirazi, Qawam ad-Din", +"comment": "Archnet; http://archnet.org. Same as ULAN Qaram al-Dīn ibn Zayn al-Dīn Shīrāzī (500063273)? Born in Shiraz, Qavam al-Din became one of the best-known Timurid court architects. His first known work is believed to have been a madrasa and khanqah built in Herat by Sultan Shah Rukh in 1410-11; this monument has not survived to our day. In 1418-1419 (821 A.H.), Qavam al-Din Shirazi completed a Friday Mosque for Gawhar Shad, Shah Rukh's queen, at Mashad and began building her Musalla Complex in Herat in 1417 (820 A.H.). Work on the Musalla was halted in 1425, to divert resources to a shrine commissioned in Gazurgah by Sultan Shah Rukh, dedicated to Khwaja 'Abd Allah Ansari. Gawhar Shad's Musalla Complex was eventually completed in 1437-38 (841 A.H.). Qavam al-Din Shirazi died on February 21, 1438, before finishing his final work, the Ghiyathiyya madrasa at Khargird, which was completed by patron Ghiyath al-Din Shirazi in 1442-3. - Archnet", +"date": "d. 1438", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShireburnRichardSir", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shireburn, Richard, Sir", +"comment": "British Listed Buildings. ", +"date": "active late 16th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShirleyFrederickS", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shirley, Frederick S.", +"comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. ", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShogoBanura", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shogo, Ban'ura", +"comment": "Benton, Charlotte, Tim Benton and Ghislaine Wood; Art Deco 1910-1939, Boston: Bulfinch Press, 2003 (082122834X). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShojoShokado", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shojo, Shokado", +"comment": "Asian Art Photographic Distribution; Asian Art in the Denver Art Museum. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShokeiTenyu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shokei, Tenyu", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "fl. 1440-1460", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShopoftheCrafters", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shop of the Crafters", +"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. Cincinnati-based design and furnishing workshop founded by Oscar Onken", +"date": "1904-1920", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShorinoUonari", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shori no Uonari", +"comment": "Mizuno, Keizaburō, Hideo Okada, and Kazuharu Asai; Tōdaiji to Heijōkyō : Nara no kenchiku, chōkoku, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1990 (4061964046). ", +"date": "752", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShortCalandHarriett", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Short, Cal and Harriett", +"comment": "Starner, Carolyn; Emerald Journey: A Walk Through Northwest Gardens, Spokane: Greenstem Press, 2004. Philanthropist couple whose estate formed the nucleus for the Bellevue (Washington) Botanical Garden", +"date": "active 1990s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShoteiGinko", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shotei, Ginko", +"comment": "Meiji kaikaki no nishikie (Meiji Japan through woodblock prints), Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1989. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShoteiHokuju", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shotei, Hokuju", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "fl. 1787-1818", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShreveandCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shreve and Company", +"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. Fully mechanized silver manufacturer based in San Francisco", +"date": "1852-present", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShrimptonLouise", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shrimpton, Louise", +"comment": "Tucker, Kevin; Gustav Stickley and the American Arts & Crafts Movement, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 2010. Textile artist in Stickley's Craftsman Workshops", +"date": "1870-1954", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShuQun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shu, Qun", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Jilin province, resides in Wuhan, Hubei; studied at Luxun Academy of Fine Arts, Shenyang, 1982.", +"date": "born 1958", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Shuko", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shuko", +"comment": "Zaigai Nihon no shihō (Japanese Art: Selections from Western Collections) v.3, Tokyo: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1979. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShulginAlexei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shulgin, Alexei", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "born 1963", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShulzAdolphRobert", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Shulz, Adolph Robert", +"comment": "Perry, Rachel Berenson; T.C. 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", +"date": "1911-1947", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SiniRaffaele", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sini, Raffaele", +"comment": "Pigeat, Jean-Paul; Gardens of the World: Two Thousand Years of Garden Design, English language edition, Paris: Editions Flammarion, 2003. ", +"date": "active early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SinramMarianne", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sinram, Marianne", +"comment": "Williams, Jane Welch; Bread, Wine and Money: the Windows of the Trades at Chartres Cathedral, Chicago, London: University of Chicago Press, 1993. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SissleNoble", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sissle, Noble", +"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SistersoftheSocietyofStMargaret", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sisters of the Society of St. Margaret", +"comment": "Meyer, Marilee Boyd; Inspiring Reform: Boston's Arts and Crafts Movement, Wellesley: Davis Museum and Cultural Center, 1997. ", +"date": "1871-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SitricofKells", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sitric of Kells", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Co. Meath, Ireland", +"date": "11th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SivasiNuri", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sivasi, Nuri", +"comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. calligrapher Ottoman", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SivenKirsti", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Siven, Kirsti", +"comment": "Stang, Alanna and Christopher Hawthorne; Green House: New Directions in Sustainable Architecture, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2005. ", +"date": "1949-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SiyahQalamMuhammad", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Siyah-Qalam, Muhammad", +"comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. (fl late 14th century or 15th). Name associated with a Persian, Turkoman or western Central Asian painter or painters. The full name, which translates as Master Muhammad Black Pen, refers in the narrowest sense to the inscriptions on 65 paintings and drawings, mostly of demons, nomads and workers, in two albums (Istanbul, Topkapı Pal. Lib., H. 2153 and H. 2160). Whether the inscriptions are signatures, attributions to a specific artist or references to a type of painting is debatable; no consensus of opinion has been reached as to when, where and why the works were produced. The two albums contain no introduction, patron’s name or date of compilation. They are known as the Ya‛qub Beg Albums on the basis of the number of calligraphies signed by scribes with the epithet Ya‛qubi, referring to the Aqqoyunlu Turkoman Ya‛qub Beg (reg 1478–90). The latest calligraphy in one album (H. 2160) is dated 1511–12 and the first and last folios are stamped with the seal of the Ottoman sultan Selim I (reg 1512–20), so the album was probably complete by 1512 and had entered Ottoman possession by 1520 (see also Islamic art, §III, 4(v)(f)). The other album (H. 2153) is contemporary, since it also contains the seal of Selim I and several calligraphies produced after the death of Ya‛qub, including one dated 1496. In addition to the Siyah Qalam group, the 546 paintings and drawings in H. 2153 and the 131 in H. 2160 include 14th- and 15th-century works attributed to artists working in Tabriz, Baghdad, Herat and Samarkand, as well as European prints, Chinese paintings and Ottoman paintings, presumably added during the reign of Selim I or later.", +"date": "15th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SjolanderTure", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sjolander, Ture", +"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SKBPrometei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "SKB 'Prometei'", +"comment": "Shanken, Edward A.; Art and Electronic Media, London; New York: Phaidon Press, 2009. Founding members include Bulat M. Galeyev, Rustam F. Sayfullin and Valentin P. Bukatin. Based in Kazan, Russia", +"date": "ca. 1960-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SkiadaresisM", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Skiadaresis, M.", +"comment": "Bakirtzis, Charalambos, Eftychia Kourkoutidou-Nikolaidou and Chrysanthi Mavropoulou-Tsioumi; Mosaics of Thessaloniki, 4th-14th century, Athens: Kapon Editions, 2012. ", +"date": "active early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SkidegateHaidaartists", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Skidegate Haida artists", +"comment": "MacDonald, George F.; Haida Art, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1996. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SkillingsWarrenPorter", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Skillings, Warren Porter", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Seattle-based architect", +"date": "1860-1939", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SkinnerEugeneFranklin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Skinner, Eugene Franklin", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Early American settler in the Oregon territory and founder of the city of Eugene.", +"date": "1809-1864", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SKOK", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "SKOK", +"comment": "Doubilet, Susan; 'Traditional Office is Transformed', Progressive Architecture, vol. 66, no. 5. no clue who these people are. assume SKOK is an acronym.", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Skylar", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Skylar", +"comment": "Bernard, Bruce; Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography, 1840-1940, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. ", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SlaterSamuel", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Slater, Samuel", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. immigrant entrepreneur industrialist in 18th century New England", +"date": "late 18th-early 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SlaytonJ", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Slayton, J.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SlaytonMrandMrsGeorgeA", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Slayton, Mr. and Mrs. George A.", +"comment": "Rutz, Miriam Easton; Public Gardens of Michigan, East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2002. ", +"date": "active ca. 1920", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Slee+CoArchitectsLtd", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Slee+Co Architects Ltd", +"comment": "Roth, Manuela; Ecological Living, Kempen: teNeus Verlag, 2009. South African architectural firm", +"date": "active ca. 1990-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmetVerhasF", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Smet-Verhas, F.", +"comment": "Loze, Pierre and François Loze; Belgium Art Nouveau: from Victor Horta to Antoine Pompe, Ghent: Eiffel Editions, 1991. ", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithBrothers", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Smith Brothers", +"comment": "Soros, Susan Weber; Secular Furniture of E. W. Godwin with Catalogue Raisonné, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999. ", +"date": "second half 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithAliceRavenelHuger", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Smith, Alice Ravenel Huger", +"comment": "Green, Nancy E. and Jessie Poesch; Arthur Wesley Dow and American Arts and Crafts, New York: American Federation of Arts; Harry N. Abrams, 1999. ", +"date": "1876-1958", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithBenjamin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Smith, Benjamin", +"comment": "Rieman, Timothy D. and Jean M. Burks; Complete Book of Shaker Furniture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , Publishers, 1993. Shaker furniture maker", +"date": "1829-1899", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithFrankL", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Smith, Frank L.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", +"date": "third quarter 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithHelen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Smith, Helen", +"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. ", +"date": "ca. 1906", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithHinchmanandGrylls", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Smith, Hinchman & Grylls", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American architecture and engineering firm, est. Detroit; changed name to SmithGroup in 2000", +"date": "1853-2000", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithJamesX", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Smith, James X.", +"comment": "Sprigg, June; Shaker Design, New York; London: Whitney Museum of American Art; W.W. Norton & Company, 1986. Shaker furniture maker", +"date": "1806-1888", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithMargeryHoffman", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Smith, Margery Hoffman", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Assistant director to the Federal Art Project in Oregon. She was the interior designer for Timberline Lodge", +"date": "1888-1981", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithNicholsonandCo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Smith, Nicholson and Co.", +"comment": "Backhouse, Janet; Lindisfarne Gospels, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1981 (0801413540). of Lincolns Inn Fields", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithR", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Smith, R.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithShellyJ", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Smith, Shelly J", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. American photographer", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithWD", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Smith, W.D.", +"comment": "Lafever, Minard; Modern Builder's Guide, Dover reprint edition, New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1969. ", +"date": "first half 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithBarryJamesHugh", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Smith-Barry, James Hugh", +"comment": "thepeerage.com. ", +"date": "b. 1748", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithsTropicalParadise", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Smith's Tropical Paradise", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Founded by Emily and Walter Smith, Sr., this botanical garden and resort continues to be owned and managed by later generations of the same family.", +"date": "founded 1946", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmullinF", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Smullin, F.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmythD", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Smyth, D.", +"comment": "Myers, J. Wilson, Eleanor Emlen Myers and Gerald Cadogan; Aerial Atlas of Ancient Crete, Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1992. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SnegurIgorGrigorevich", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Snegur, Igor Grigorevich", +"comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. ", +"date": "active 1977", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SobekWerner", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sobek, Werner", +"comment": "Stang, Alanna and Christopher Hawthorne; Green House: New Directions in Sustainable Architecture, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2005. German architect", +"date": "1953-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SocietyfortheAdvancementoftheLiteraryMuseumoftheLeninPublicLibraryoftheUSSR", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Society for the Advancement of the Literary Museum of the Lenin Public Library of the U.S.S.R.", +"comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SocietyofBlueandWhiteNeedlework", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Society of Blue and White Needlework", +"comment": "Meyer, Marilee Boyd; Inspiring Reform: Boston's Arts and Crafts Movement, Wellesley: Davis Museum and Cultural Center, 1997. Deerfield, MA", +"date": "1896-ca. 1926", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Soetsu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Soetsu", +"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", +"date": "18th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Soga", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Soga", +"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", +"date": "19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SogaJasoku", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Soga, Jasoku", +"comment": "Onishi, Hiroshi, Takemitsu Oba and Sondra Castile; Immortals and Sages: Paintings from Ryoanji Temple, Reprint, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1993. 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", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SommererChrista", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sommerer, Christa", +"comment": "Shanken, Edward A.; Art and Electronic Media, London; New York: Phaidon Press, 2009. ", +"date": "born 1964", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SonchōPrince", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sonchō, Prince", +"comment": "Hickman, Money L. et al.; Japan's Golden Age: Momoyama, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongBoren", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Song, Boren", +"comment": "Lee, Sherman; China: 5,000 Years: Innovation and Transformation in the Arts, New York: Guggenheim Museum Publications, 1998. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongDake", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Song, Dake", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. from Shandong Province; learn woodcut and photography independently; alternate name: 宋大可 ", +"date": "1924-1947", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongDi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Song, Di", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s56d32 Alternate names: Sung Ti, 宋迪 Song dynasty From Loyang. Landscapes following Li Cheng. One of the first to represent "Eight Views of Xiao and Xiang." --Seymour", +"date": "965 - 1034", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongDong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Song, Dong", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. b. Beijing Capital Normal University, Beijing, 1989", +"date": "b. 1966", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongEnhou", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Song, Enhou", +"comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. Song Enhou was born in Yingkou, Liaoning province. His artist's sobriquet is Shizhan. ", +"date": "born 1936", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongGuangxun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Song, Guangxun", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Hebei Province; member of the Chinese Artists' Association, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 宋广训", +"date": "born 1930", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongHaidong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Song, Haidong", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist born in Yangzhou. Considered to be one of the earliest artists to experiment with installation art in China. ", +"date": "b. 1958", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongHouzheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Song, Houzheng", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Sung Hou-cheng", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongLing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Song, Ling", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist, member of the Pool Society artist collective.", +"date": "active ca. 1985", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongMaojin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Song, Maojin", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. s56,42k32 Alternate names: Sung Mou-chin, 宋懋晉 ; Mingzhi (style name) Ming dynasty Pupil of Song Xu. Landscapes, pine trees. Ming flower painter. --Seymour", +"date": "active 16th-17th centuries", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongRuzhi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Song, Ruzhi", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s56r33z44 Alternate names: Sung Ju-chih, 宋懋晉 Song dynasty From Zhejiang province. Became a Daoist monk in the Yuan period. Landscapes, figures, flowers, birds, followed Lou Guan. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 1240 - 1264", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongTao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Song, Tao", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist and curator, born in Shanghai, studied at the Shanghai Institute of Arts and Crafts (1995-1998), member of the BirdHead group.", +"date": "b. 1979", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongTian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Song, Tian", +"comment": "Ryo Kai, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1975. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongWenzhi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Song, Wenzhi", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongYansheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Song, Yansheng", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Jiangsu Province, council member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 宋彦圣 ", +"date": "born 1943", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongYonghong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Song, Yonghong", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist, born in Hebei Province, resides in Beijing; studied at the Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou, 1988.", +"date": "b. 1966", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongYongping", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Song, Yongping", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Shanxi Province; educated at Tianjin Academy of Fine Arts, 1983; lives and works in Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1961", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongYüanwen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Song, Yüanwen", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Liaoning Province; member of the Chinese Artists' Association, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 宋源文", +"date": "born 1933", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Sonns", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sonns", +"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SorensonV", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sorenson, V.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Soshin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Soshin", +"comment": "Pins, Jacob; Japanese Pillar Print: Hashira-e, London: Robert G. Sawers Publishing, 1982. ", +"date": "fl. ca. 1770", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SotoLewisde", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Soto, Lewis de", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", +"date": "born 1954", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SouetJean", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Souet, Jean", +"comment": "Bremer-David, Charissa; French Tapestries and Textiles in the J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 1997. 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Illuminator for Roycrofts books", +"date": "ca. 1900", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StewartDonaldA", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Stewart, Donald A.", +"comment": "http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/99519/details/house+of+falkland/. ", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StewartHeather", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Stewart, Heather", +"comment": "Wojcik, Daniel; Punk and Neo-Tribal Body Art, Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1995. 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Virginia architect", +"date": "1806-1889", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StickellsRobert", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Stickells, Robert", +"comment": "Girouard, Mark; Elizabethan Architecture: Its Rise and Fall, 1540-1640, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. architect", +"date": "active early 17th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SticklandRachel", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Stickland, Rachel", +"comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. 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", +"date": "active 1959-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StingemoreFred", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Stingemore, Fred", +"comment": "Leboff, David and Tim Demuth; No Need to Ask! Early Maps of London's Underground Railways, Middlesex: Capital Transport Publishing, 1999. English designer and draftsman of plans and maps for the Underground Group after 1919.", +"date": "1891-1954", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StoneandKimball", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Stone and Kimball", +"comment": "Barter, Judith A.; Apostles of Beauty: Arts and Crafts From Britain to Chicago, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. American publishing company first based in Boston, later in Chicago", +"date": "active ca. 1895", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StoneBill", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Stone, Bill", +"comment": "Laubin, Reginald and Gladys; Indian Tipi: Its History, Construction and Use, 2nd edition, Norman, OK; London: University of Oklahoma Press, 1977. photographer", +"date": "20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StoneMildaR", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Stone, Milda R.", +"comment": "World of the American Indian, Revised edition, Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 1989. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StoneySamuelG", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Stoney, Samuel G.", +"comment": "Morrison, Hugh; Early American Architecture From the First Colonial Settlements to the National Period, New York: Oxford University Press, 1952. 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London-based company", +"date": "active ca. 1900", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StorzS", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Storz, S.", +"comment": "Brandenburg, Hugo; Ancient Churches of Rome From the Fourth to the Seventh Century, English edition, Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2005. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StothartHerbert", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Stothart, Herbert", +"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StrachanGroupArchitects", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Strachan Group Architects", +"comment": "Roth, Manuela; Ecological Living, Kempen: teNeus Verlag, 2009. 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The firm was established in Cincinnati, but a New York address can also be seen on the backs of some images in this collection.", +"date": "active 1847-1960", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StrockGeorge", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Strock, George", +"comment": "This Fabulous Century: 1940-1950, New York: Time-Life Books, 1969. Life magazine staff photographer known for his iconic World War II images", +"date": "active 1940s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StryjeńskiKarol", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Stryjeński, Karol", +"comment": "Blakesley, Rosalind; Arts and Crafts Movement, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2006. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudentsattheUniversityofVirginia", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Students at the University of Virginia", +"comment": "Chueca, Pilar; Sustainable Homes, Barcelona: Links, 2009. Students participating in the Solar Decathlon competition organized by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory", +"date": "ca. 2005", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudentsofHowardUniversity", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Students of Howard University", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Group responsible for designing the Stone Memorial at Mount Vernon", +"date": "early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudioAlhadeffArchitects", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Studio Alhadeff Architects", +"comment": "Roth, Manuela; Ecological Living, Kempen: teNeus Verlag, 2009. Italian architecture firm founded by Giancarlo Alhadeff.", +"date": "active 1991-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudioDamilano", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Studio Damilano", +"comment": "Roth, Manuela; Ecological Living, Kempen: teNeus Verlag, 2009. Italian architectural firm", +"date": "active ca. 1990-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudioEnzodiGrazia", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Studio Enzo di Grazia", +"comment": "Murray, Peter; Renaissance Architecture, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1978. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudioGilArchitects", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Studio Gil Architects", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "2008-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudioInklink", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Studio Inklink", +"comment": "http://www.inklink.it. Simone Boni and Alessandro Rabatti, Founders", +"date": "1995-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudioMCMsrlACSys", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Studio M.C.M.srl-ACSys", +"comment": "Haselberger, Lothar, Jon Humphrey and Dean Abernathy; Imaging Ancient Rome: Documentation, Visualization, Imagination: Proceedings of the Third Williams Symposium on Classical Architecture. ", +"date": "ca. 1990-ca. 2010", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudioOttolenghi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Studio Ottolenghi", +"comment": "Lista, Giovanni; Futurism & Photography, London: Merrell Publishers Limited, 2001. ", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudioPeiZhu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Studio Pei-Zhu", +"comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Contemporary Chinese architecture firm", +"date": "active 2006-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudioPetrarca", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Studio Petrarca", +"comment": "Stang, Alanna and Christopher Hawthorne; Green House: New Directions in Sustainable Architecture, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2005. architecture firm located in New York", +"date": "active early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudioBabayeva", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Studio, Babayeva", +"comment": "Bernard, Bruce; Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography, 1840-1940, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudnitskayaAV", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Studnitskaya, A. V.", +"comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. toy maker", +"date": "1936-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StulovIK", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Stulov, I. K.", +"comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", +"date": "1902-1979", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SturgisJohnHubbard", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sturgis, John Hubbard", +"comment": "Kimball, Fiske; Domestic Architecture of the American Colonies and of the Early Republic, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1922. ", +"date": "1834-1888", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SturrEdward", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sturr, Edward", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "b. 1937", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StymPopperSylvain", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Stym-Popper, Sylvain", +"comment": "Prin, Maurice; L'Ensemble conventuel des Jacobins de Toulouse, Toulouse: Les Amis des Archives de la Haute-Garonne, 2007. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuLiupeng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Su, Liupeng", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s57l42p29 Alternate names: Su Liu-p'eng, 蘇六朋 Qing dynasty From Guangdong province. Painted figures in the Yuan style. Genre and fishing boats. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 1821 - 1861", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuRenshan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Su, Renshan", +"comment": "Fong, Wen; Between Two Cultures: Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Chinese Paintings From the Robert H. Ellsworth Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; New Haven: Metropolitan Museum of Art; Yale University Press, 2001. ", +"date": "1814-1849", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuXinping", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Su, Xinping", +"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. Chinese artist, born in Jining, Inner Mongolia, educated Central Academy of Fine Arts, 1989.", +"date": "born 1960", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuZhunliang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Su, Zhunliang", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Su Chun-liang ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SUB", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "SUB", +"comment": "Ariza Muñoz, Carmen; Jardines de Madrid: Paseos Arbolados, Plazas y Parques, Madrid: Ayuntamiento de Madrid y Lunwerg Editores, 2001. architecture firm located in Jakarta", +"date": "active ca. 2010", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuchanTom", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Suchan, Tom", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", +"date": "active ca. late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuchodolskiSiegmundvon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Suchodolski, Siegmund von", +"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. illustrator", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuffrageAtelier", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Suffrage Atelier", +"comment": "Timmers, Margaret; Power of the Poster, London: V&A Publications, 1998. A society formed in 1909 to encourage artists to forward the Woman's Movement, and particularly the enfranchisement of women, by means of pictorial publications.", +"date": "1909", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SugarloafBuildingCompanyInc", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sugarloaf Building Company, Inc.", +"comment": "McGregor, Suzi Moore and Nora Burba Trulsson; Living Homes: Sustainable Architecture and Design, San Francisco: Chronicle Press, 2008. Building company located in Boulder, Colorado", +"date": "active ca. 1995", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SugawaranoMitsushige", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sugawara no Mitsushige", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SugitaKado", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sugita, Kado", +"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SugiuraHisui", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sugiura, Hisui", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1876-1965", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SulaymānibnYūnusibnKhaṭṭāb", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sulaymān ibn Yūnus ibn Khaṭṭāb", +"comment": "Petrosyan, Yuri A., Oleg F. Akimushkin, Anas B. Khalidov, and Efim A. Rezvan; Pages of Perfection: Islamic Paintings and Calligraphy from the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Lugano; Milan: ARCH Foundation; Electa, 1995. ", +"date": "active early 17th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuleymanISultan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Suleyman I, Sultan", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Ottoman Alternate names: Suleiman I, the Magnificent", +"date": "1494-1566", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SulpiceJ", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sulpice, J.", +"comment": "Choisy, Auguste; L'art de batir chez les Romains, Paris: Decher et cie, 1873. engraver", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SultanAliQaini", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sultan-Ali Qaini", +"comment": "Clunas, Craig; Empire of Great Brightness: Visual and Material Cultures of Ming China, 1368-1644, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2007. calligrapher ", +"date": "mid-late 15th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuminokuraSoan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Suminokura, Soan", +"comment": "Hickman, Money L. et al.; Japan's Golden Age: Momoyama, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SumitomoCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sumitomo Company", +"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SumiyoshiSchool", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sumiyoshi School", +"comment": "Singer, Robert T. et al.; Edo: Art in Japan 1615-1868, Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1998. Japanese school of painters active in the 17th–19th centuries. It was an offshoot of the Tosa school and both were supreme exponents of the Yamatoe (Japanese) style of painting", +"date": "active 1663-1900", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SumiyoshiGukei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sumiyoshi, Gukei", +"comment": "Toda, Teisuke and Toshio Ebine; Suibokuga to Chusei Emaki, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. Painter. He was the eldest son of (1) Sumiyoshi Jokei. In 1674 he became a monk at Myōhōin on Mount Hiei (Kyoto Prefect.) and was granted the name Gukei. In 1675 he produced paintings for the Tōfukumonin Palace in Kyoto. In 1684 he moved from Kyoto to Edo (now Tokyo), and the following year he was appointed official painter (goyō eshi) to the shogunate, superseding the Kanga (Chinese-style) painters of the Kanō school who had previously held the office. This change can be seen as a conscious decision to appoint a representative of a native painting school of the Yamatoe tradition. This followed the earlier appointment of the former head of the Sumiyoshi school, Jokei, and of Tosa Mitsuoki (see Tosa, (3)) to the Edokoro (Office of Painting) of the court (1654). These honours confirmed the leading position of the Sumiyoshi and Tosa schools within the painting establishment of the day (see Japan, §VI, 4(ii)). Like his father, Gukei continued the miniaturist tradition of painting in a small format that had begun with the Tosa school. His representative works include: Hakozaki Hachimangū engi emaki (‘Handscroll of the history of the Hakozaki Hachiman shrine’; 1672); Genzō Daishi engi emaki (‘Handscroll of the life of Saint Genzō’; 1679; Kyoto, Kaneiji); Genji monogatari emaki (‘Handscroll of the Tale of Genji’; priv. col.); Uji shūi monogatari emaki (‘Handscroll of the tales of Uji’; Tokyo, Idemitsu Mus. A.); Tsurezuregusa gajō (‘Picture album of the Tsurezuregusa’; 1678; Tokyo, N. Mus.). His Tohi zukan (‘Town and country handscroll’; Kyoto, Kōfukuji; Tokyo, N. Mus.; Dublin, Chester Beatty Lib.; see fig.) deserves particular attention as a work that adopted this intimate painting form to depict tōsei fūzoku (‘contemporary customs and manners’). Each picture possesses a similar theme: the interweaving of annual celebrations with the changing seasons, and the tranquillity of human activity, depicted in a vivid manner. The combination of a lyrical, intimate style and a light palette illustrates the individualistic world of Gukei, one of Japan’s most accomplished miniaturists. -Grove Art Online", +"date": "1631-1705", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunBeamGallery", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sun Beam Gallery", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Syracuse, NY", +"date": "active mid-late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunGuoqi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sun, Guoqi", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist born in Dalian, Liaoning Province; graduated from the Luxun Academy of Fine Arts, Shenyang; lives and works in Shenyang and North America.", +"date": "b. 1942", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunJingbo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sun, Jingbo", +"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese artist of the Cultural Revolution, born in Mouping, Shandong Province; recognized for his paintings of Yunnan.", +"date": "b. 1945", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunJunze", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sun, Junze", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s62j39z27 Alternate names: Sun Chün-tse, 孫君澤 Yuan dynasty From Hangzhou. Landscapes with figures and architectural subjects. 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Also bamboo, rocks, orchids, Buddhist and Daoist figures. --Seymour", +"date": "1532 - 1611", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunLong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sun, Long", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s62l43 Alternate names: Sun Lung, 孫龍 Ming dynasty From Jiangsu province. Plum blossoms in the style of Wang Mian. Fish, birds, insects in boneless style. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. mid 15th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunYuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sun, Yuan", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist from Beijing; graduated 1995 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing; longtime collaboration with fellow artist Peng Yu.", +"date": "b. 1972", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunZhi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sun, Zhi", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s62z44 Alternate names: Sun Chih, 孫枝 Ming dynasty From Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Painted landscapes after Wen Zhengming. Also figures and flowers. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 1550 - 1580", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunZixi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sun, Zixi", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunayamaGōsei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sunayama, Gōsei", +"comment": "Mirviss, Joan B,; Jewels of Ukiyo-e, Orientations, vol. 20, no. 2. 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", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunderlandElizabethRead", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sunderland, Elizabeth Read", +"comment": "Stoddard, Whitney S.; Art and Architecture in Medieval France/ Icon Edition, New York: Harper & Row, 1972. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SundtRichardAlfred", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sundt, Richard Alfred", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 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", +"date": "ca. 1767-after 1847", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Sussman", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sussman", +"comment": "Heartney, Eleanor; Art & Today, New York: Phaidon Press, Inc., 2008. photographer (no additional information)", +"date": "active ca.1920", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SutterCarl", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sutter, Carl", +"comment": "Greene, Rachel; Internet Art, London: Thames & Hudson, 2004. ", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SutterGillesde", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sutter, Gilles de", +"comment": "Walle, A.J.L Van de; Gothic Art in Belgium, Bruxelles: Mark Vokaer, ?. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuttonandWhitneyArchitects", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sutton & Whitney Architects", +"comment": "UO VRC Mounted Photographs Collection. American architecture firm of Albert Sutton and Harrison Allen Whitney, located in Portland, Oregon", +"date": "1912-1935", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuttonEve", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sutton, Eve", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. American photographer", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuttonWhitneyandAandahl", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sutton, Whitney and Aandahl", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. NW architecture firm", +"date": "1934-1950", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuzukiHiroshigeII", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Suzuki, Hiroshige II", +"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", +"date": "ca. 1860-ca. 1875", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuzukiKiitsu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Suzuki, Kiitsu", +"comment": "Kuroda, Taizo, Melinda Takeuchi and Yuzo Yamane; Worlds Seen and Imagined: Japanese Screens from The Idemitsu Museum of Arts, New York: Abbeville Press Publishers, 1995 (0789200813). ", +"date": "1796-1858", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SwainyGeorge", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Swainy, George", +"comment": "Gleason, David King; Plantation Homes of Louisiana and the Natchez Area, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982. master builder in early 19th century New Orleans vicinity", +"date": "first half 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SwallowJohn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Swallow, John", +"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. English potter who worked for Marblehead Pottery", +"date": "1856-1920", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SwanGroup", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Swan Group", +"comment": "McGregor, Suzi Moore and Nora Burba Trulsson; Living Homes: Sustainable Architecture and Design, San Francisco: Chronicle Press, 2008. 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Doctor and photographer in early 20th century Bay area.", +"date": "1904-1978", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TakahashiKinkichi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Takahashi, Kinkichi", +"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TakahashiSadataro", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Takahashi, Sadataro", +"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TakamoriAkio", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Takamori, Akio", +"comment": "Vecchio, Mark Del; Postmodern Ceramics, New York: Thames and Hudson, 2001. ", +"date": "born 1950", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TakamuraKango", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Takamura, Kango", +"comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. ", +"date": "b. 1895", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Takashige", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Takashige", +"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", +"date": "19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TakebeToshitsune", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Takebe, Toshitsune", +"comment": "Meiji kaikaki no nishikie (Meiji Japan through woodblock prints), Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1989. ", +"date": "1860-1909", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TakeshibaGenkei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Takeshiba, Genkei", +"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Takis", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Takis", +"comment": "Name derived from Art on File. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TakouchiK", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Takouchi, K.", +"comment": "Larson, George A.; Chicago Architecture and Design, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1993. ", +"date": "late 19th-early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TakumaEiga", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Takuma, Eiga", +"comment": "Toda, Teisuke and Toshio Ebine; Suibokuga to Chusei Emaki, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. His precise relation to earlier members of the Takuma school is unclear, but he may have come from the lineage of Takuma Ryōga. Eiga worked in a wide variety of styles ranging from minutely rendered and brightly coloured paintings reminiscent of orthodox Heian-period painting to ink monochrome works rendered in vigorous brushstrokes, which paralleled pictures by early Muromachi-period priest–painters of the Zen sect. Eiga’s diversity reflects the transitional nature of his age, when Japanese artists were absorbing Chinese styles developed during the Song and Yuan (1279–1368) periods. Among Eiga’s ‘traditional’ Buddhist paintings in colours are the triptychs of the Immovable One and Attendants (Jap. Fudō myōō ni dōji; Skt Acalanatha; Tokyo, Seikadō Bunko) and of the Historical Buddha and Attendants (Jap. Shaka, Monju and Fugen; Skt Shakyamuni, Manjushri and Samantabhadra; Kyoto, Chōmyōji). His set of Sixteen Arhats (Jap. Jūroku rakan; Osaka, Fujita Mus. A.) represents a synthesis of that style with the ink monochrome sensibility adapted from Chinese painting. His ink monochrome painting of Fugen (Washington, DC, Freer) demonstrates an even greater adaptation of the most up-to-date developments in Buddhist painting. His one extant secular painting is an imaginary portrait of the great Nara-period (ad 710–94) poet Kakinomoto no Hitomaro (Kamakura, Tokiwayama Cult. Mus.). The date of the inscription by the priest Shōkai Reiken, 1395, if interpreted as the year in which the painting was executed, would indicate that Eiga was active in the late 14th century; however, most art historians believe that he lived earlier in the century. -Grove Art Online", +"date": "1312–1316", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TakumaTono", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Takuma, Tono", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Japanese landscape designer", +"date": "1891-1985", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TalbotdeMalahideMiloJohnReginald7thBaron", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Talbot de Malahide, Milo John Reginald, 7th Baron", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1912-1973", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TalbotJM", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Talbot, J. M.", +"comment": "Blakesley, Rosalind; Arts and Crafts Movement, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2006. ", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TamagawaShucho", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tamagawa, Shucho", +"comment": "Smith, Lawrence; Ukiyoe: Images of Unknown Japan, London: British Museum Publications, Ltd., 1988. ", +"date": "fl. ca. 1789-1804", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TamakiSuekazu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tamaki, Suekazu", +"comment": "Takashina, Shuji, Tetsuro Kagesato and Hideo Tanaka; Yōga to Nihonga, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. Japanese painter", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TamamuraHokuto", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tamamura, Hokuto", +"comment": "Takashina, Shuji and Toru Asano; Modanizumu to dentō, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", +"date": "1893-1951", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Tamechika", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tamechika", +"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TamikuniKogado", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tamikuni, Kogado", +"comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Japanese Ukiyo-e artist", +"date": "active ca. 1823-1826", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TamuraShigeru", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tamura, Shigeru", +"comment": "Szarkowski, John and Shoji Yamagishi; New Japanese Photography, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1974. ", +"date": "born 1947", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TamuraSuio", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tamura, Suio", +"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", +"date": "fl. 1688-1716", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Tan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tan", +"comment": "UO AAA Library Architectural Drawing Collection. AAA Architecture student", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TanQuanshu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tan, Quanshu", +"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Beijing", +"date": "born 1936", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TanZekai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tan, Zekai", +"comment": "Yang Xiaoneng; Tracing the Past, Drawing the Future: Master Ink Painters in Twentieth-Century China, Milan: Continents Editions, 2010. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TanZhirui", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tan, Zhirui", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). t24z44r35 Alternate names: T'an Chih-jui, 壇芝瑞 Yuan dynasty Painted bamboo. --Seymour", +"date": "early 14th century, unrecorded", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TanabeChikuunsai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tanabe, Chiku'unsai", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1887-1937", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TanakaIK", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tanaka, I.K.", +"comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. ", +"date": "1925-1935", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TanakaMyles", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tanaka, Myles", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TanakaSeihyo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tanaka, Seihyo", +"comment": "Tokyo National Museum; 100th Anniversary of the Japan Art Institute: Lineage of Modern Japanese Art, Tokyo: Japan Art Institute, 1998. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TananChiden", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tanan, Chiden", +"comment": "Zaigai Nihon no shihō (Japanese Art: Selections from Western Collections) v.3, Tokyo: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1979. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TandbergVibeke", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tandberg, Vibeke", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Vibeke Tandberg is a Norwegian artist who works with photography and video. His works sparkle between the quest for personal identity and that of social identity. In the images of Tandberg, the idea of "role playing" is constantly changing: identification of archetypes becomes hybridization, through cloning, and even the experience of playing the role of being self- same.", +"date": "born 1967", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TangDai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tang, Dai", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). t25d23 Alternate names: T'ang Tai, 唐岱 Qing dynasty From Manchuria. Court painted during Qianling period. Pupil of Wang Yuanqi. 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Chinese painter, graduated 1980 from Central Academy of Fine Art in Beijing, studied at the Royal College of Art in London where he received a second masters.", +"date": "b. 1947", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TangSong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tang, Song", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Hangzhou, resides in Sydney, educated at the Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou, 1989.", +"date": "born 1962", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TangXiaohe", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tang, Xiaohe", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "born 1941", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TangXiaoming", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tang, Xiaoming", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TangYihe", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tang, Yihe", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TangYinwei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tang, Yinwei", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TangYouchu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tang, Youchu", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Xinxian, Guangdong Province; alternate name: 汤由础", +"date": "1912-1971", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TangYuchu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tang, Yuchu", +"comment": "China Publications Center; Modern Chinese Woodcuts, Beijing: Guozi Shudian, 1965. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TangYun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tang, Yun", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. Chinese painter", +"date": "1910-1993 or 1995", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TanikadoHisaharu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tanikado, Hisaharu", +"comment": "Takashina, Shuji, Tetsuro Kagesato and Hideo Tanaka; Yōga to Nihonga, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. Tanikado Hisaharu studied with the Kyoto artist Kikuchi Keigetsu, who specialized in idealized images of beautiful women. He moved to Tokyo when he was twenty-seven, and for three years he lived among, and painted images of, the prostitutes of the Yoshiwara pleasure district. He used traditional materials and formats, but judiciously infused elements from Western painting including subtle shading to give his figures a greater sense of naturalistic volume. Here he shows two courtesans intently enjoying a game of go during their leisure time. Evening must be approaching, however, as both women have already applied heavy white makeup to their faces, necks, and the backs of their hands. A cloth to protect her hair while applying makeup still sits atop one woman's head. The other woman holds a long, red-lacquered pipe. Both women are shown wearing tie-dyed inner robes that will be covered when they don their more elaborate outer kimonos. -Minneapolis Institute of Arts (http://minneapolis.institute.art.museum/viewer/detail.php?id=99301&v=2&t=1&n=1&keyword=Tanikado%2C%20Hisaharu)", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TanoulasT", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tanoulas, T.", +"comment": "Acropolis restoration : the CCAM interventions. Edited by Richard Economakis. London : Academy Editions : New York, NY : Distributed to the trade in the USA by St. Martin's Press, 1994.. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Tanyuhogenhitsu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tan'yu hogen hitsu", +"comment": "Murase, Miyeko; Bridge of Dreams: The Mary Griggs Burke Collection of Japanese Art, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaoTao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tao, Tao", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaoTianyue", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tao, Tianyue", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Changfeng, Anhui Province; member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association, member of Anhui branch of the Chinese Artists' Association; alternate name: 陶天月", +"date": "born 1932", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaoYuanqing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tao, Yuanqing", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaohuawuNianhuaWorkshop", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Taohuawu Nianhua Workshop", +"comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TàpiesAntoni", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tàpies, Antoni", +"comment": "Name derived from Art on File. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaplinPerryScorsese", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Taplin-Perry-Scorsese", +"comment": "American century : art & culture. New York : Whitney Museum of American Art in association with W.W. Norton, c1999. vol. 2.. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TassoTorquato", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tasso, Torquato", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Italian poet of the 16th century known best for his poem 'The Liberation of Jerusalem'.", +"date": "1544-1595", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TatsunoandKasaiArchitectureOffice", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tatsuno and Kasai Architecture Office", +"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. Established by Tatsuno Kingo and Manji Kasai.", +"date": "1903-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TatsunoandKataokaArchitectureOffice", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tatsuno and Kataoka Architecture Office", +"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. Established by Tatsuno Kingo and Yasushi Kataoka.", +"date": "1905-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TawarayaSoji", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tawaraya, Soji", +"comment": "Meech, Julia and Jane Oliver; Designed for Pleasure: The World of Edo Japan in Prints and Paintings, 1680-1860, New York; Seattle: Asia Society; University of Washington Press, 2008. ", +"date": "late 1790s-late 1810s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaylorAlisonElizabeth", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Taylor, Alison Elizabeth", +"comment": "Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation; 2009 Awards in Painting, Sculpture, Printmaking, Photography, Video, and Craft Media, New York: Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation, 2010. ", +"date": "b. 1973", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaylorHerbert", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Taylor, Herbert", +"comment": "Meyer, Marilee Boyd; Inspiring Reform: Boston's Arts and Crafts Movement, Wellesley: Davis Museum and Cultural Center, 1997. metalsmith or designer", +"date": "active ca. 1915", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaylorJane", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Taylor, Jane", +"comment": "Rutz, Miriam Easton; Public Gardens of Michigan, East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2002. Garden designer", +"date": "active 1990s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaylorJeremy", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Taylor, Jeremy", +"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. ", +"date": "born 1938", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaylorJohnW", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Taylor, John W.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. photographer, worked with Franklin W. Bacon", +"date": "died 1918", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaylorL", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Taylor, L.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaylorWilliam", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Taylor, William", +"comment": "UO VRC Mounted Photographs Collection. ", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TeaLautrecLitho", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tea Lautrec Litho", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from original printed materials donated by Tom Cherrytree, Eugene, Oregon.. A division of Neal, Stratford & Kerr, Tea Lautrec was founded by owner Levon Mosgofian who worked closely with San Francisco concert promoter Bill Graham and the artists he commissioned for concert posters and postcards", +"date": "active ca. 1965", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TecnoUnitedKingdom", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tecno, United Kingdom", +"comment": "Raizman, David S. History of Modern Design. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2004. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TeisaiHokuba", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Teisai, Hokuba", +"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", +"date": "1771-1844", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TeixeiraPedroLudovico", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Teixeira, Pedro Ludovico", +"comment": "Murase, Miyeko, ed.; Turning Point: Oribe and the Arts of Sixteenth-Century Japan, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2003. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TelferWilliam", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Telfer, William", +"comment": "Gernsheim, Helmut; Origins of Photography, New York: Thames and Hudson, 1982. photographer", +"date": "active mid 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TeminViktorAntonovich", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Temin, Viktor Antonovich", +"comment": "Vartanov, Anri Surenovich, et al.; Antologiia sovetskoĭ fotografii, t. 1, Moskva: Izd-vo "Planeta", 1986. ", +"date": "1908-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Templefamily", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Temple family", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Baronets of Stowe, Viscounts of Cobham (1714-, Earls Temple and Earls Temple of Stowe", +"date": "1611-present", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TenchiEmperorofJapan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tenchi, Emperor of Japan", +"comment": "Singer, Robert T. et al.; Edo: Art in Japan 1615-1868, Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1998. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Tenkai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tenkai", +"comment": "Hickman, Money L.; Japan's Golden Age: Momoyama, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 1996. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Tennessean", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tennessean", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. newspaper", +"date": "1907-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Tenninnotamago", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tennin no tamago", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1813-1892", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TeodoroFranco", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Teodoro, Franco", +"comment": "Fiell, Charlotte and Peter Fiell; Modern Chairs, Cologne: Taschen, 1993. ", +"date": "1939-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TepferGary", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tepfer, Gary", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 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", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TesshūTokusai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tesshū, Tokusai", +"comment": "TodaToda, Teisuke and Toshio Ebine; Suibokuga to Chusei Emaki, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ThainJosephA", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Thain, Joseph A.", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 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", +"date": "ca. 1900-ca. 1933", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ThomasKnightofBath", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Thomas Knight of Bath", +"comment": "Whiteway, Michael; Christopher Dresser: A Design Revolution, London: V&A Publications, 2004. ", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ThomasLeClèrePierre", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Thomas Le Clère, Pierre", +"comment": "Ginsburg, Madeleine; Introduction to Fashion Illustration, American edition, Owings Mills, MD: Stemmer House Publishers, 1982. 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", +"date": "1881-1924", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ThompkinsFrank", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Thompkins, Frank", +"comment": "Gerdts, William H.; Theodore Clement Steele: An American Master of Light, New York: Chameleion Books, Inc., 1995. ", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ThompsonA", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Thompson, A.", +"comment": "Hillenbrand, Robert; Islamic Architecture: Form, Function and Meaning, New York: Columbia University Press, 1994. illustrator for Hillenbrand book", +"date": "active 1994", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ThompsonEdwardHerbert", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Thompson, Edward Herbert", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 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", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ThorneDavid", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Thorne, David", +"comment": "Foster, Hal, Rosalind Krauss, Yve-Alain Bois, Benjamin H.D. Buchloh and David Joselit; Art Since 1900: Modernism, Antimodernism, Postmodernism, 1945 to the Present, vol. 2, second edition, London: Thames & Hudson, 2011. ", +"date": "active late 20th-early21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ThorneRobert", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Thorne, Robert", +"comment": "Meggs, Philip B. and Alston W. 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", +"date": "active 1780s-90s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Toyokuni", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Toyokuni", +"comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Kyoto artist who adopted the name of Toyokuni from the famous Edo printmaker", +"date": "active ca. 1815", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Toyomasa", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Toyomasa", +"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", +"date": "19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TraczTimothy", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tracz, Timothy", +"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. ", +"date": "born 1946", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TranterCarol", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tranter, Carol", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TraubeAlex", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Traube, Alex", +"comment": "Self as Subject: Visual Diaries by 14 Photographers, Albuquerque: University Art Museum, University of New Mexico, 1983. ", +"date": "born 1946", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TrautHenry", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Traut, Henry", +"comment": "Herz, Rudolf and Brigitte Bruns; Hof-Atelier Elvira, 1887-1928: Ästheten, Emanzen, Aristokraten, Munich: Munchner Stadtmuseum, 1985. 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", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TreewomanJudith", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Treewoman, Judith", +"comment": "Broude, Norma and Mary D. Garrar, eds.; Power of Feminist Art: the American Movement of the 1970s, History and Impact, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TregubenkoVasiliiPorfirevich", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tregubenko, Vasilii Porfirevich", +"comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. 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", +"date": "active late 19th century-early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TrotmanBob", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Trotman, Bob", +"comment": "Herman, Lloyd E.; Art That Works: The Decorative Arts of the Eighties, Crafted in America, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1990. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TruckenbrodJ", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Truckenbrod, J.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TruebAugust", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Trueb, August", +"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TrunquetRobert", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Trunquet, Robert", +"comment": "Girouard, Mark; Elizabethan Architecture: Its Rise and Fall, 1540-1640, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. joiner, carver, property or pattern maker. Worked extensively for Thomas Cawarden, Master of Revels for Elizabeth I", +"date": "active ca. 1547-1559", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TrvalT", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Trval, T.", +"comment": "Name derived from original printed material in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Oregon.. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TsongPu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tsong, Pu", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. b. Shanghai Escuela Superior de Bellas Artes de San Fernando de Madrid", +"date": "b. 1947", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TsuchidaHiromi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tsuchida, Hiromi", +"comment": "Szarkowski, John and Shoji Yamagishi; New Japanese Photography, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1974. ", +"date": "born 1939", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TsudaKichinosuke", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tsuda, Kichinosuke", +"comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", +"date": "19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TsuishuYosei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tsuishu, Yosei", +"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. The family of Tsuishu became famous for the lacquering technique bearing their name. 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", +"date": "16th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Tsuneshige", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tsuneshige", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active ca. 1910", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TsutsumiTogetsu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tsutsumi, Togetsu", +"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TsuyukiIitsuII", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tsuyuki, Iitsu II", +"comment": "Meech, Julia and Jane Oliver; Designed for Pleasure: The World of Edo Japan in Prints and Paintings, 1680-1860, New York; Seattle: Asia Society; University of Washington Press, 2008. ", +"date": "d. 1893", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TuLuo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tu, Luo", +"comment": "Ruitenbeek, Klaas; Discarding the Brush: Gao Qipei (1660-1734) and the Art of Chinese Finger Painting, Amsterdam; Gent: Rijksmuseum Amsterdam; Snoeck-Ducaju & Zoon, 1992. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TuckerErnestF", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tucker, Ernest F.", +"comment": "http://communities.aia.org/sites/hdoaa/wiki/Wiki%20Pages/ahd1045574.aspx. 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Architectural designer located in Arizona", +"date": "active ca. 1995", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TümänAgha", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tümän Agha", +"comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. wife of Tīmūr", +"date": "active ca. 1370", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TupperEarl", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tupper, Earl", +"comment": "Name derived from a website. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TurnbullandAsser", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Turnbull & Asser", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. British clothiers: shirt maker and tailors", +"date": "established 1885", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Turner", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Turner", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. American artist in the 19th century Pacific Northwest", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TurnerPaul", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Turner, Paul", +"comment": "Seidel, Linda; Romanesque Sculpture from the Cathedral of Saint-Etienne, Toulouse, New York; London: Garland Publishing, 1977. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TurnerRobert", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Turner, Robert", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 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", +"date": "born 1951", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TuxedoHousesInc", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tuxedo Houses, Inc.", +"comment": "Sonne, Christian R. and Chiu yin Hempel; Tuxedo Park: the Historic Houses, Tuxedo (NY): Tuxedo Park Historical Society, 2007. real estate development and property management firm", +"date": "early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TuxedoParkAssociation", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tuxedo Park Association", +"comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. 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", +"date": "1980s-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ulay", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ulay", +"comment": "Schimmel, Paul. Out of Actions: Between Performance the the Object, 1949-1979. Los Angeles, Calif. : The Museum of Contemporary Art New York : Thames and Hudson, 1998. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UlayAbramovic", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ulay/Abramovic", +"comment": "Schimmel, Paul. Out of Actions: Between Performance the the Object, 1949-1979. Los Angeles, Calif. : The Museum of Contemporary Art New York : Thames and Hudson, 1998. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ulrich", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ulrich", +"comment": "Bagnoli, Martina, Holger A. Klein, C. Griffith Mann, and James Robinson; Treasures of Heaven: Saints, Relics, and Devotion in Medieval Europe, Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2010. German goldsmith active near Zweifalten", +"date": "active ca. 1130", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UmegawaTokyo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Umegawa, Tokyo", +"comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. 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", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/unknownurbanplanner", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "unknown (urban planner)", +"comment": ". ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/unknownweaver", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "unknown (weaver)", +"comment": ". ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/unknownwoodworker", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "unknown (woodworker)", +"comment": ". ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UnruhJack", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Unruh, Jack", +"comment": "http://www.jackunruh.com/bio.html. illustrator", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Unsen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Unsen", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active ca. 1875", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UntervegerEnrico", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Unterveger, Enrico", +"comment": "Lista, Giovanni; Futurism & Photography, London: Merrell Publishers Limited, 2001. ", +"date": "1876-1959", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UnwinR", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Unwin, R.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UpandUp", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Up & Up", +"comment": "Radice, Barbara; Memphis : Research, Experiences, Results, Failures, and Successes of New Design, New York: Rizzoli, 1984. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Upali", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Upali", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Well known Buddhist monk in the region of Pagan, Burma.", +"date": "active mid 13th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UpcycleLiving", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Upcycle Living", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "2009 - ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UrbaniM", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Urbani, M.", +"comment": "Guillaud, Jacqueline and Maurice; Giotto: Architect of Color and Form, Paris; New York: Guillaud Editions; Clarkson N. Potter, Inc., 1987 (0517567024). ", +"date": "1764-1853", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Urbanus", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Urbanus", +"comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Chinese architecture firm founded by Liu Xiaodu, Meng Yan, and Wang Hui with two offices in Shenzhen and Beijing.", +"date": "active 1999-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UrsusBishopofRavenna", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ursus, Bishop of Ravenna", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "ca. 399-ca. 426 CE", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UstadAhmadnajjar", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ustad Ahmad najjar", +"comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. ", +"date": "1473", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UstadMuhammadRizabinHusein", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ustad Muhammad Riza bin Husein", +"comment": "Archnet; http://archnet.org. ", +"date": "1603-1619", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaChikashigeIII", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Utagawa, Chikashige III", +"comment": "Meiji kaikaki no nishikie (Meiji Japan through woodblock prints), Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1989. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaHirosada", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Utagawa, Hirosada", +"comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker, pupil of Utagawa Kunimasu, worked in Osaka. Alt. name: Gosotei. Possibly the same artist as Utagawa Sadahiro?", +"date": "active 1819-1865", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaKuniaki", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Utagawa, Kuniaki", +"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. Family name Hirazawa; father was a minor samurai in the fourteenth division of castle guards. Kuniaki was a pupil of Kunisada, producing actor and genre prints and paintings of beauties during the late Edo.", +"date": "1844-1868", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaKunihiro", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Utagawa, Kunihiro", +"comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker; worked in Edo and Osaka; pupil of Toyokuni II; specialized in actor prints. Alt. names: Ganjosai, Konantei, Sanshotei.", +"date": "active ca. 1815-1843", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaKunihisa", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Utagawa, Kunihisa", +"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. A senior pupil of Toyokuni I who may have been a woman artist, according to one account, though this may refer to Kunihisa's daughter.", +"date": "1801-1818", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaKunimaru", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Utagawa, Kunimaru", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Also signed prints with the name Bunji", +"date": "1793-1829", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaKunimasaV", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Utagawa, Kunimasa V", +"comment": "Meech-Pekarik, Julia; World of the Meiji Print: Impressions of a New Civilization, New York; Tokyo: Weatherhill, 1986. ", +"date": "unknown", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaKuninaga", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Utagawa, Kuninaga", +"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. student of Toyokuni I", +"date": "1806-1827", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaKunisadaII", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Utagawa, Kunisada II", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1823-1880", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaKunitora", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Utagawa, Kunitora", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Pupil of Toyokuni; is said to have worked under his teacher's name. His work was scanty. Somewhat influenced by Hokusai and Shunshosai Hokuju, his prints also show signs of Western influence in pronounced contrasts in light. Some works reminiscent of artists of the preceeding generation. ", +"date": "ca. 1804 - ca. 1850", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaSadahiro", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Utagawa, Sadahiro", +"comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker, studied under Kunisada, worked in Edo and Osaka. Changed his name many times, may be the same person as Utagawa Hirosada. Alternate names: Gochotei, Gokitei, Gorakutei, Gosotei, Kogado.", +"date": "active 1825-1875", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaSadakage", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Utagawa, Sadakage", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "fl. 1818-1844", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaSadamasu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Utagawa, Sadamasu", +"comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker; student of Kunisada; minor Osaka actor print designer. Alt. name: Gochotei", +"date": "active ca. 1830-1844", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaSadatora", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Utagawa, Sadatora", +"comment": "Dorrington-Ward, Carol; Fans from the East, New York: Debrett's Peerage Limited, 1978. ", +"date": "active mid 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaToyokuni", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Utagawa, Toyokuni", +"comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaToyokuniII", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Utagawa, Toyokuni II", +"comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. Japanese Ukiyo-e painter, illustrator, worked in Edo. he was the pupil, son-in-law and adopted son of Toyokuni I. Alternate names: Toyoshige, Genzo, Gosotei (Kosetei), Gosotei Toyokuni, Ichibetsusai, Ichieisai, Ichiryusai, Kunishige, Toyokuni.", +"date": "1777-1835", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaToyonaga", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Utagawa, Toyonaga", +"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", +"date": "first half 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaToyonobu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Utagawa, Toyonobu", +"comment": "Pins, Jacob; Japanese Pillar Print: Hashira-e, London: Robert G. Sawers Publishing, 1982. Ukiyo-e printmaker. Some scholars feel that this is merely an early name for Utagawa Toyoharu; others regard him as identical with Ishikawa Toyonobu; still others think he was a pupil of Ishikawa Toyonobu. It is probable that he was a fellow-artist--and possibly and brother--of Toyoharu. Prints with this signature very rare: only six or so have survived.", +"date": "fl. 1770-1780", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaYoshiku", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Utagawa, Yoshiku", +"comment": "Kanada, Margaret Miller; Color Woodblock Printmaking: The Traditional Method of Ukiyo-e, Fourth Printing, Tokyo: Shufunotomo Co., Ltd., 1989 (4079753160). 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Alt. names: Tsunejiro, Handenshakyo, Hogyoku, Ichiyosai, Ichiyotei, Ittensai, Jueido, Noriya, Satonoya, Yosui.", +"date": "1841-1899", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaYoshitomi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Utagawa, Yoshitomi", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active 1850-1870", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaYoshiume", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Utagawa, Yoshiume", +"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. 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Workshop for the production of turned metalwork founded by English architect and designer William Arthur Smith Benson.", +"date": "1854-1924", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WJAdamsandSons", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "W.J. Adams & Sons", +"comment": "Leboff, David and Tim Demuth; No Need to Ask! Early Maps of London's Underground Railways, Middlesex: Capital Transport Publishing, 1999. Fleet Street publisher of illustrated guides", +"date": "late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WJMorganCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "W.J. Morgan Company", +"comment": "Meggs, Philip B. and Alston W. Purvis; Meggs' History of Graphic Design, 4th edition, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006. founded in Cleveland, Ohio; name changed to Morgan Lithograph Company, then to Morgan Litho.", +"date": "founded 1866", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WadsworthAlexanderScammell", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wadsworth, Alexander Scammell", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Naval officer during the time of the war of 1812", +"date": "1790-1851", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WaesbergheArmandVan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Waesberghe, Armand Van", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1879-1949", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WagnerElizabeth", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wagner, Elizabeth", +"comment": "McGregor, Suzi Moore and Nora Burba Trulsson; Living Homes: Sustainable Architecture and Design, San Francisco: Chronicle Press, 2008. American Architect", +"date": "active ca. 2000", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WagnerJosef", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wagner, Josef", +"comment": "Roder, Sabine, Gerhard Storck, and Michael Fehr; Deutsches Museum fur Kunst in Handel und Gewerbe, 1909-1919, Antwerp: Pandora, 1997. silversmith at the Wiener Werstatte", +"date": "active ca. 1910", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WagstaffBrock", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wagstaff, Brock", +"comment": "David A. Bainbridge Gift Collection, Architecture and Allied Arts Library, University of Oregon. ", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WahidMauhammadibnAhdal", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wahid, Mauhammad ibn Ahd al-", +"comment": "Piotrovsky, M.B. and Rogers, J.M., eds.; Heaven On Earth: Art from Islamic Lands: Works from The State Hermitage Museum and the Khalili Collection, New York: Prestel Publishing, 2004. ", +"date": "1163", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WakasugiIsohachi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wakasugi, Isohachi", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Pioneered studies of European techniques such as oil painting, he also experimented with Western techniques and perspective.", +"date": "1759-1802", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WakefieldReedChairCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wakefield Reed Chair Company", +"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. New York", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WakefieldGeoffrey", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wakefield, Geoffrey", +"comment": "Turner, Suzanne and A.J. Meek; Gardens of Louisiana: Places of Work and Wonder, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997. English horticulturalist", +"date": "active ca. 1965-1970", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WaldAH", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wald, A. H.", +"comment": "Meggs, Philip B.; History of Graphic Design, 3rd edition, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998. ", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WaldeckCarlGustav", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Waldeck, Carl Gustav", +"comment": "Perry, Rachel Berenson; T.C. Steele & the Society of Western Artists, 1896-1914, Bloomington; Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2009. American painter", +"date": "1866-1930", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WalkerAmeliaBell", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Walker, Amelia Bell", +"comment": "Nabokov, Peter and Robert Easton; Native American Architecture, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. anthropologist", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WalkerChristian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Walker, Christian", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WalkerFrederick", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Walker, Frederick", +"comment": "Meggs, Philip B.; History of Graphic Design, 3rd edition, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998. NOT ULAN 500029369, active in Liverpool", +"date": "active 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WalkerWilliam", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Walker, William", +"comment": "Daniel, Noel; Magic: 1400s-1950s, Cologne: Taschen, 2009. Printed in Otley, England.", +"date": "active 1840", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WallacavageAdam", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wallacavage, Adam", +"comment": "Gastman, Roger, Zio Fulcher and Jamie Rivadeneira; Hello Kitty, Hello Art!, New York: Abrams, 2012. Active 1995- present.", +"date": "Born 1970", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WallaceandWatsonAssociates", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wallace and Watson Associates", +"comment": "Architecture of Philip Johnson, Boston : Bulfinch Press, 2002. Pennsylvania-based architecture firm, alt. name: W2a Design Group", +"date": "20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WallaceDwightG", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wallace, Dwight G.", +"comment": "Chicago Daily Tribune; International Competition for a New Administration Building for the Chicago Tribune, Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune, 1923. American architect", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WallaceHamilton", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wallace, Hamilton", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WallingAlbertG", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Walling, Albert G.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. founder of printing and lithography business in Portland, Oregon", +"date": "active ca. 1880-1900", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WalpoleEdward", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Walpole, Edward", +"comment": "George, Michael; Gardens of Ireland, New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1986. ", +"date": "active 1860s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WalpoleGeorge", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Walpole, George", +"comment": "George, Michael; Gardens of Ireland, New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1986. ", +"date": "active 1860s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WalrathPottery", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Walrath Pottery", +"comment": "Green, Nancy E. and Jessie Poesch; Arthur Wesley Dow and American Arts and Crafts, New York: American Federation of Arts; Harry N. Abrams, 1999. Located: Rochester, New York", +"date": "1908-1918", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WalrathFrederickE", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Walrath, Frederick E.", +"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. ", +"date": "1871-1921", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WalterCorneliaW", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Walter, Cornelia W.", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "mid 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WamserChristoph", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wamser, Christoph", +"comment": "archinform.net. ", +"date": "1580-1649", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangAihe", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Aihe", +"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese artist who was part of the No Name group ", +"date": "born 1954 ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangBing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Bing", +"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Gannan, Gansu province", +"date": "born 1961", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangChen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Chen", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25c38 Alternate names: Wang Ch'en, 王宸 Qing dynasty From Jiangsu province. Great-grandson of Wang Yuanqi. Painted landscapes in teh style of Yuan masters. Also lohan and tigers. --Seymour", +"date": "1720 - 1797", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangCongxing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Congxing", +"comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revolution to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangDengyue", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Dengyue", +"comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Chinese contemporary architect", +"date": "active ca. 1995-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangDu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Du", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Wuhan, Hubei Province; graduated 1985 from the Academy of Fine Arts, Guangzhou; has lived and worked in Paris since 1990.", +"date": "b. 1956", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangFu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Fu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25f32 Alternate names: Wang Fu, 王紱 Ming dynasty (b Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 1362; d Beijing, 1416). Chinese painter, calligrapher and poet. Following early promise as a painter and poet, Wang Fu passed the provincial examinations—the second stage in the civil service examination ladder—to receive his juren degree in 1376. He went to Nanjing soon after to take up a government post, but in 1380 was banished to the northern frontier, near Datong, Shanxi Province, as the result of alleged political activity against the Ming (1368–1644) government. For the next 20 years Wang served as a frontier guard, after which he returned to the south to paint and write. From 1403 to 1412 he worked as a calligrapher in the imperial palace at Nanjing, and in 1414 he went to Beijing to join the Central Draughting Office; he died there two years later. Accounts of Wang’s character and artistic skill have the ring of conventional formulae. It is said that he painted infrequently, while travelling and often when drunk. In spite of his reputation for eccentricity, his extant works reveal a diligent hand and serious application to his art. In his Butianji (1574/R Shanghai, 1910) Wen Zhengming wrote: The quality of his painting is above [mere] competence; the critics say that the artisan’s [technique] and the scholar’s spirit are both provided by his works. His personal quality was superior, and he was not used by his art. He would not give away even his small works to anyone whom he did not consider to be the right kind of man. Wang Fu is best known for his landscapes and bamboo, both typical subjects of literati painters (see China, §V, 3(iv)(a) and (vi)(a)). In painting bamboo, Wang followed the style of Wu zhen, one of the Four Great Masters of the Yuan period (1279–1368). Wan zhu qiu shen (‘Ten thousand bamboos in late autumn’; long handscroll, 1410; Washington, DC, Freer) is one of his best works. The plants are arranged along the length of the handscroll in a free and natural manner, thick stalks running the full height of the scroll, dark leaves clustered in a rhythmic series, sometimes at the base, sometimes at the uppermost edge. Wang Fu’s landscapes were frequently painted either to commemorate a particular event or to repay the generosity of a host. One such example, River Landscape in the Manner of Ni Zan (1401; priv. col., see Cahill, pl. 22), was a parting present for Wu Shunmin, a friend with whom Wang had stayed. They had not met for ten years, and Wang composed a poem for the work to ‘express the emotions of parting’. Ni zan’s spare, dry style is ideal for the sense of nostalgia and impending loneliness or distance one would expect on such an occasion, as well as being a tribute to his friend’s sensitivity and taste. Thatched Pavilion in Mist-filled Trees (see fig.) uses a more elaborate version of the Ni Zan style, although the composition—thatched pavilion beside tall trees in the foreground, an expanse of water and a distant range of mountains—is reduced to its essential elements, painted with an even greater economy than Ni Zan’s own work. In this example, a scholar sits in the pavilion beneath three deciduous trees that have already lost leaves. The influence of Huang gongwang is evident in the stringlike cun (‘texture strokes’) applied to the mountains in the background. The style and technique of the painting recall the masters of the Yuan period (1279–1368) and convey a sense of solitude. It is a brilliant variation on a theme, at once finely rendered and deeply moving. In his imitations of Yuan painters Wang Fu exemplifies the institutionalization of imitation, which was to become characteristic of literati painters of the Ming period. --DOA", +"date": "1362 - 1416", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangFulai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Fulai", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Wag Fu-lai", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangGai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Gai", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25g23 Alternate names: Wang Kai, 王概 Qing dynasty From Zhejiang province. Lived in Nanjing. Young brother of Wang Shi. Landscapes, imitated Gong Xian. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 1680 - 1700", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangGeyi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Geyi", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangGongxin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Gongxin", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Beijing, resides Beijing and New York; studied at Beijing Normal College, 1982.", +"date": "born 1960", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangGuangyi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Guangyi", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Harbin, Heilongjiang province; studied Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou, 1984.", +"date": "b. 1956", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangGuanqing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Guanqing", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. alternate name: 汪观清", +"date": "born 1931", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangGuxiang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Guxiang", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25g35x25 Alternate names: Wang Ku-hsiang, 王穀祥 Ming dynasty From Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Painted flowers and birds. Inscriptions. --Seymour", +"date": "1501 - 1568", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangHai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Hai", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese painter, graduated 1982 from the Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts; moved to Hong Kong in 1988", +"date": "b. 1955", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangHuaiqing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Huaiqing", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese painter and printmaker, attended the Central Academy of Fine Arts; sent to labor camp in the Cultural Revolution; member of the progressive painting society known later as the Contemporaries, formally established in 1979", +"date": "b. 1944", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangHuanqing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Huanqing", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter, one of founders of an artist group called the Rice and Sheep Painting Society (Miyang huahui) in resistance to traditional literati culture. They called for a return to primitive and folk art traditions while searching for the root of the "wild freedom" (yexing de ziyou) of humankind. ", +"date": "b. 1958", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangHuaxiang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Huaxiang", +"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Daijiagou, Guizhou province", +"date": "born 1962", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangHuiII", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Hui (II)", +"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese artist, born Liaoning Province, graduated 1968 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, often collaborated artistically with Liu Chunhua.", +"date": "b. 1943", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangHuiII", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Hui (I)", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25h42 Alternate names: Wang Hui, 王翬 Qing dynasty (b Changshu County, Jiangsu Province, 1632; d Changshu County, 1717). Chinese painter. He was one of the group of painters of the early Qing period (1644–1911) known as the Four Wangs; the others were Wang Shimin, Wang Jian and Wang Yuanqi (see also Orthodox school). Wang Hui came from a family of painters, and his own career began in 1651, when he was discovered by Wang Jian and became the pupil of the latter and of Wang Shimin. Wang jian and Wang Shimin (see Wang (ii), (1)) taught landscape painting according to the methods advocated by Dong qichang, who in his theory of a Southern school had attempted to reconstruct the whole history of literati painting. Dong emphasized Yuan-period (1279–1368) recluse painters such as Wu Zhen and Huang Gongwang, who brought landscape painting to a pre-eminent position among the subjects preferred by the literati. Through nature, as experienced by the landscape artist, ideas on the workings of the universe were expressed, in a manner, moreover, that distinctively revealed the character of the individual (see fig.). Under the guidance of Wang Shimin and Wang Jian, Wang Hui sought to paint works that were ‘transformations’ of classical styles. However, whereas his masters had principally followed the brush style of the great late-Yuan masters Huang gongwang and Wang meng, Wang Hui developed his own transformations of the styles of virtually all the principal Song (960–1279) and Yuan masters. His creation of a ‘Grand Synthesis’ (da cheng) of Song and Yuan landscape styles was made possible by his study of the many ancient masterpieces in Wang Shimin’s personal collection and his creation of a particular brush idiom for each style. Wang Shimin himself had reproduced a number of such paintings from his own collection, on a reduced scale, in the albums Xiaozhong xianda (‘The great revealed through the small’; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus., and Shanghai Mus.), and Wang Jian imitated him. In such works, repetition of strokes not only reproduces the appearance of the older style, whether in ink monochrome or colour, on paper or silk, but also reveals the forces immanent in the landscape, which previously were hidden and grasped only through an indefinable sense of ‘life-motion’. The meaning of such concepts as ‘dragon-veins’ (longmo) is conveyed with startling clarity by these repeated brushstrokes. Certain elements in paintings are repeated, including particular kinds of trees, rocks or other natural or manmade elements of landscape. Appropriate patterns of texture strokes (cun) were used to distinguish one style from another. A single artist such as Wang Hui would display a variety of Song and Yuan landscape styles within the compass of a series of ten or twelve album leaves, contained within an accordion mounting (see Album, §1), and usually concluding with a winter scene. Generally, the stylistic origin of each leaf or scene is briefly indicated in the artist’s inscription; such albums must have served a useful purpose as a succinct overview of the history of Chinese painting. For some of these album series, Wang Hui cooperated with his exact contemporary Yun shouping, creating a brilliant alternation of landscape and floral subjects, as in the album Flowers and Landscapes (1672; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). Wang Hui worked for almost 30 years under the direction of the two elder Wangs, reaching his prime during the 1670s and 1680s. Paintings such as the handscroll Taihang shanse (‘Colours of Mt Taihang’; 1669; Princeton U., NJ, A. Mus.), with a title added by Wang Shimin, typify his achievement. He was so successful in following the classic landscape styles that some of his works were passed off as original Song or Yuan paintings; his Travellers (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), for example, was long attributed to Fan Kuan. The critical apparatus of connoisseurship originated only with the theories of Dong Qichang, and thus Wang Hui’s paintings, in which concepts such as ‘dragon-veins’ and ‘breath-force’ were made visible, corresponded point for point with contemporary understanding of ancient paintings. The deaths of Wang Jian (1677), Wang Shimin (1680) and Yun Shouping (1690) must have deprived Wang Hui of his accustomed encouragement and example. Resident in Beijing, he continued to paint prolifically for the court, but in a manner less varied than that of his earlier works. His paintings from this period reflect a preference for a manner derived from the Yuan master Wang Meng, although some titles, such as Landscape after Yan Wengui and Juran (long handscroll, 1713; Princeton U., NJ, A. Mus.), acknowledge a debt to earlier painters. Under the Kangxi emperor (reg 1662–1722) Wang Hui directed the team that created the great series of outsize handscroll paintings, the Nanxun tu (‘Paintings of southern progress’; Beijing, Hist. Mus. and New York, Met.), recording imperial tours of inspection in the south, for which his long experience of organizing complex compositions with myriad details must have stood him in good stead. However, it is impossible to identify Wang’s individual contribution to such collaborative works. --DOA", +"date": "1632 - 1717", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangJian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Jian", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25j26 Alternate names: Wang Chien, 王鑑 Qing dynasty b Taicang, Jiangsu Province, 1598; d 1677). Chinese painter. He was one of the group of painters of the early Qing period (1644–91) known as the Four Wangs; the others were Wang Shimin, Wang Hui and Wang Yuanqi. The Four Wangs are credited with establishing the principles of the Orthodox school as inspired by Dong Qichang. Wang Shimin was Wang Jian’s friend and, being six years senior, his mentor. Both artists came from prominent families in Taicang but were unrelated. Wang Jian was the great-grandson of the famous collector Wang Shizhen and inherited his collection of paintings. Owing to his distinguished ancestry, under the Chongzhen emperor (reg 1628–44), Wang Jian was appointed to the government post of Prefect of Lianzhou in Guangdong Province, from which his hao, ‘Lianzhou’, derives. He served only briefly, however, and lived the rest of his life in retirement. Wang Jian’s writings, largely in the form of inscriptions on paintings by his colleagues and protégés, such as Wang Hui, are frequently concerned with Dong Qichang’s theory of the Southern school, asserting the legitimacy of the Orthodox lineage and castigating contemporaries for their decadent artistic practices. The most serious charge levelled at ‘degenerate’ painters, by both Wang Jian and Wang Shimin, is that they failed to follow the old masters who form the basis for Southern school theory, particularly the Four Masters of the Yuan (1279–1368), Huang Gongwang, Wu Zhen, Ni Zan and Wang Meng. Not surprisingly, landscape albums in the styles of the old masters comprise a large part of Wang Jian’s output. At his most impressive, in his early and middle periods, he was capable of a higher level of technical skill and a greater textural richness than Wang Shimin (see Wang (ii), (1)), but in his late period he resorted to a similar formulaic monotony. Wang Jian was one of the most ‘painterly’ of the early Qing masters, combining a restrained use of colour with sensitive brushwork to create landscape scenes that go beyond simple imitation of his chosen models. Wang Jian’s earliest surviving works date to the late 1640s; thereafter, he was prolific. The ten-leaf Album of Landscapes in Old Styles (1648; Berkeley, U. CA, A. Mus.) exemplifies his originality in reworking established motifs. The first leaf is inscribed ‘in the manner of Huichong’ in reference to the 11th-century monk–painter and in composition is typical of the Northern Song (960–1127) painter Zhao Lingrang; by the later part of the Ming (1368–1644) and early Qing, the styles of these two painters had been conflated. The leaf features the standard thatched hut and mist-enshrouded willows, but Wang introduces a human touch by depicting a departing guest looking back as an expression of affection for his host. Although Wang Jian’s painting became increasingly repetitive in his later period, his eye for colour and the delicacy of his brushwork remained apparent in his most engaging work. In album leaves in the style of Zhao Mengfu (see Zhao, (1)), he reproduces Zhao’s use of yellow–orange and warm green, a variant of the warm–cool or Gold-and-green ( jinbi) idiom that in the Yuan period became popular with Southern school painters, and combines it with touches of blue and red on the foreground trees and bushes. A similar colour scheme appears in White Clouds on the Xiao and Xiang Rivers, after Zhao Mengfu (1668; see fig.). This is an outstanding example of Wang’s many hanging-scroll landscapes in canonical styles, all with essentially the same composition: a river flanked by tall hills, a recession into the middle distance at one side, trees and houses, and a steep ridge rising to a central mountain. Wang notes that he once saw a Zhao Mengfu painting with the same title that ‘followed completely’ the style of Dong Yuan, this representing another step in the perpetuation of the Orthodox lineage. The power of Wang’s work relies as much on the muscular interaction of land masses as it does on the felicity and elegance of particular brushstrokes, that is on the general conception of forms, as well as their execution. The representation of the hillside in the central portion, with its serpentine ridges and compartmentalized, jutting bluff, has only enough in common with the natural world to allow recognition. In keeping with the Orthodox method, the composition is determined not by fidelity to the scenery of a specific locale but by a system of aesthetic formal rules governing placement and balance of landscape elements. In essays on the painting of landscape by Dong Qichang, Zhao Zuo, Wang Yuanqi and others are allusions to the Chinese metaphysical concepts of geomancy ( fengshui: ‘wind and water’). A mountain, for example, is seen as a ‘dragon in motion’, with matter-energy (qi) coursing through it. Such ideas aid an appreciation of Wang Jian’s dynamic middle-ground masses, their definition and activation of ‘habitable’ space, and his contrast of a still imposing peak in the distance with the nearer shore. --DOA", +"date": "1598 - 1677", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangJianwei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Jianwei", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Suining, Sichuan Province; graduated 1988 from the Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou.; lives and works in Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1958", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangJianzhang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Jianzhang", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25j26z36 Alternate names: Wang Chien-chang, 王健章 Ming dynasty Landscapes in the style of Dong Yuan. Buddhist figures after Li Gonglin. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 1625 - 1650", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangJin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Jin", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. b. Shanxi province, PRC Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou, 1987", +"date": "b. 1962", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangJiping", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Jiping", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangJue", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Jue", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangJunJieh", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Jun-Jieh", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Taipei, resides in Berlin and Taipei; educated at Chinese Culture University, Taipei, 1989, and Hochschule der Kunste, Berlin, 1996.", +"date": "born 1963", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangJuzheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Juzheng", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. alternate spelling: Wang Chu-Cheng", +"date": "mid 11th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangKe", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Ke", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangKeping", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Keping", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Born in Beijing, PRC; participant in the 1979 unathorized exhibition of the 'Stars' movement outside the National Museum of Fine Arts in Beijing, also the second Stars exhibition in 1980; later settled in France.", +"date": "b. 1949", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangKun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Kun", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangLiangchen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Liangchen", +"comment": "Chugoku Bijutsu (Chinese Art in Western Collections, v.2), Tokyo: Kodansha Ltd, 1973. alternate name: 王良臣", +"date": "Ming Dynasty", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangLiuqiu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Liuqiu", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. alternate name: 王流秋", +"date": "born 1919", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangLiyong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Liyong", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25l32y33 Alternate names: Wang Li-yung, 王利用 Song dynasty From Shaanxi province. Calligraphy. Painted landscapes and figures. --Seymour", +"date": "first half 12th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangLizhi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Lizhi", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangLu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Lu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25l328 Alternate names: Wang Lu, 王履 Ming dynasty", +"date": "1332 - after 1383", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangMai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Mai", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Yichun, Heilongjiang Province; lives and works in Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1972", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangMeng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Meng", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25m29 Alternate names: Wang Meng, 王蒙 Yuan dynasty (b Wuxing, Zhejiang Province, c. 1308; d 1385). Chinese landscape painter, poet and scholar–official. He is traditionally ranked as one of the Four Masters of the Yuan, with Huang gongwang, Ni zan and Wu zhen. He was the leading figure in the development of a type of landscape that blended monumental, powerful visual presence with complex, ambiguous structures evocative of mental states and personal situations. Later generations of artists painted landscapes in imitation of Wang Meng, creating an image of his style that at times has obscured his own achievement and identity. Wang Meng was born into an eminent family of scholars, artists and officials. His father, Wang Guoqi (1284–c. 1366), was a poet, calligrapher and connoisseur; his maternal uncle was the painter–official Zhao Yong, and his maternal grandfather was Zhao Mengfu, the leading painter and calligrapher of the early part of the Yuan period (1279–1368). Little is known of Wang Meng’s early life except that he had a talent in poetry. Family connections were probably crucial in his securing an introduction into cultured circles. Wang moved to Mt Huanghe near Hangzhou, from which derives his literary name, Huanghe Shanqiao (‘Fuel gatherer of Mt Huanghe’), and embarked on a career as a painter, perhaps in the early 1340s, although no genuine works survive from this period. He also travelled widely in nearby areas of south-eastern China, including Suzhou and Wuxi (Jiangsu Province) and Songjiang (in modern Shanghai Municipality), visiting famous sites, attending literary gatherings and becoming acquainted with the leading writers and painters of the day. Wang Meng’s Secluded Dwellings in Summer Mountains (1354; hanging scroll, ink on silk; Washington, DC, Freer; see fig. 1) is representative of his early style. Features suggesting the influence of Zhao Mengfu (see Zhao, (1)) include the schematic river landscape composition, simplified figural and architectural details and the systematic use of ‘hemp-fibre strokes’ ( pima cun) for texturing rocks and mountains, a technique associated with the 10th-century painters Dong yuan and Juran. The centralized, frontal composition and rich, multi-layered spatial complexity are Wang Meng’s own innovations. Fisherman–recluse at Huaqi (vertical scroll, ink and light colours on paper; Taipei N. Pal. Mus.), probably of later date, is similar in style. Both works are preoccupied with the theme of reclusion and withdrawal, echoed in the stylistic retreat to a manner already centuries old. Wang Meng’s own attitude to political engagement is difficult to ascertain. There is evidence that he was a provincial prosecutor (liwen) in the late Yuan period; he may have had the post as early as the 1340s, serving the Mongol rulers as did many of his maternal relatives. His withdrawal to Mt Huanghe perhaps marked a severance of that service and a response to the stirrings of military uprisings that began to affect south-eastern China at that time. Wang Meng painted his most historically important and powerful works in the 1360s, a decade of social and political upheaval in south-east China, during which Mongol authority was displaced. He was often in Suzhou at this period—he participated in a literary gathering there in 1365, with Ni Zan, Gao Qi (1336–74), Yao Guangxiao (1335–1418), Zhang Yu (1333–85) and others—and perhaps, like many cultural figures, served in the rebel administration of Zhang Shicheng (1321–67) based in the city. Issues of loyalty and affiliation, and of involvement versus withdrawal, were particularly pressing in such an environment. Though Wang’s paintings of the 1360s have no overt political content, the political situation constitutes a subtext to his increasingly powerful pictorial representation of themes of reclusion. His landscapes of the mid-1360s share an exploitation of tonal contrast for dramatic effect. In reflection of 10th- and 11th-century landscape styles, especially that of Guo Xi, they have powerful, monumental mountainscape compositions and are preoccupied with the cycle of the seasons. At a time characterized by an intellectual, almost diagrammatic reworking of the past, Wang’s paintings derive their individualism from the investing of monumental themes with personal expression. Wang’s Spring Plowing at the Mouth of the Valley (vertical scroll, ink on paper; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) probably dates to the early 1360s. There is a crowding of forms (to become more pronounced in later works), a soft chiaroscuro and use of the Dong Yuan–Juran ‘hemp-fibre’ idiom. The ostensibly bucolic theme is tempered by hints of structural ambiguities and the somewhat disquieting constriction of pathways through the landscape. These aspects are developed in Lofty Recluses in Summer Mountains (1365, vertical scroll; ink and colours on silk; Beijing, Pal. Mus.), in which the breadth of the scene, the complexity of subsidiary forms and pathways, an almost total closure of the background and a dark tonal range create an effect verging on the oppressive, at odds with the theme of quiet summer seclusion. Ge Hong Moving his Residence probably dates to the same period. It is notable for its explicit narrative theme, that of the 4th-century ad scholar–official Ge Hong late in life, after giving up government service, wandering with his family in search of alchemical knowledge, appropriate to the sense of uprootedness felt at the end of the Yuan. There is a contrast with the images of quiet domesticity of Wang’s early landscapes. In this painting the cottages nestled in a distant valley are cut off by seemingly impassable terrain, composed largely of angular and deeply undercut blocky forms unusual for the period. Wang’s most powerfully complex image of the natural world is his Dwelling in Reclusion in the Qingbian Mountains (see fig. 2), which reflects on many of his earlier concerns: family relationships, social and political upheaval, pictorial sources of the past and eremitic withdrawal. It depicts a site near Wang’s home town of Wuxing that had been a family retreat as far back as the time of Zhao Mengfu, and it was probably done for a contemporary relative who was forced to flee from a retreat in the mountains in the military campaigns of mid-1366. The image of a shattered family refuge is portrayed in a mixed style, drawing on both the 10th-century southern style of Juran and the 11th-century northern style of Guo xi. Deliberate ambiguities of space, light and structure emphasize the idea of landscape as personal expression. A Refined Gathering among Forests and Streams (1367; vertical scroll; untraced) portrays, in a more unified style, an idyllic retreat set before a restrained, monumental landscape. The scene is limited to a few elements—stately pines, regularly shaped central cliffs—given impact by a consummate control of ink tone. In Reading in Spring Mountains (vertical scroll, ink on paper; Shanghai Mus.) a group of similar tall pines and central cliffs is enlivened by the leaning of the trees. After Zhu Yuanzhang founded the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) and became the Hongwu emperor (reg 1368–98), Wang Meng served briefly as sub-prefect magistrate in Taian, Shandong Province. Literary records note that at this period he executed a painting of Mt Tai in collaboration with the artist Chen Ruyan. Wang seems to have moved to the capital, Nanjing, c. 1371, where his activities were focused for the rest of his life. His association with Buddhist monks in Nanjing is recorded, but no reliable dated works from the period survive. However, a cluster of stylistically related works are distinguishable from his better documented early- and middle-period works: Forest Chamber Grotto at Juqu (vertical scroll, ink and colours on paper; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), Su’an Retreat (vertical scroll, ink and colours on paper; New York, C. C. Wang priv. col.), Buddhist Temple at Mt Taibo (handscroll, ink and colours on paper; Shenyang, Liaoning Prov. Mus.) and others. Characterized by a loosening of brushwork and pictorial structure consistent with works of later age, they share a rich texturing of forms with dynamic curling strokes and dots, a liberal use of colour and compositions crowded with relatively small-scale forms. Many depict studios, retreats or temples, often with Buddhist or Daoist associations. They lack the seasonal overtones and spatial grandeur of earlier works, as well as clearly definable stylistic references to earlier paintings. Wang Meng eventually fell victim to Hongwu’s paranoia, as had so many of his literati associates from the south-east. It was reported that he had visited the home of the prime minister Hu Weiyong, who was executed in 1380 for allegedly taking part in a plot to assassinate the Emperor. Wang was put in prison and died there in 1385. Wang Meng was the most prominent figure in a loose grouping of painters active in the late Yuan and early Ming periods, including Fang congyi, Chen ruyan and Xu Ben (d 1378), who depicted monumental mountainscapes crowded with dynamic and textured forms strongly indebted to 10th- and 11th-century painting. Wang’s version of the mode was the one most imitated by Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1911) artists. --DOA", +"date": "1308 - 1385", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangMian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Mian", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25m33 Alternate names: Wang Mien, 王冕 Yuan dynasty (b Zhuji, Shaoxing District, Zhejiang Province; d Kuaiji, in modern Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, 1359). Chinese poet and painter. He was the most influential master in the later momei (‘ink-plum’) tradition and the only early plum specialist with a substantial surviving oeuvre. Born into a modest family of the gentry, Wang, like many southern Chinese scholars under the Mongol Yuan dynasty (1279–1368), was thwarted in his ambition to enter official life. He became an eccentric itinerant, winning recognition as a scholar, poet and painter but failing to obtain sustained private or political patronage. He depended on painting plum blossoms for his living. In 1348, on returning south from the capital Dadu (modern Beijing), he predicted chaos and withdrew to Mt Jiuli. In 1359, shortly before his death, he emerged from seclusion to offer strategic advice to the rebel forces of Zhu Yuanzhang; Zhu later became the emperor Taizu (reg 1368–98), first ruler of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). A problematic figure in his own time, Wang was idealized by later scholars; he remains best known for his fictional role as a paragon of virtue in the 18th-century novel Rulin waishi (‘The scholars’). Wang was the pivotal figure in the development of the momei genre from classical Song (960–1279) practice to the later tradition that has endured into modern times (see China, §V, 3(vi)(c)). He created stylized plum branches with sweeping horizontal or vertical S-curves framing poetic inscriptions, as for example Ink Plum (New Haven, CT, Yale U. A. G.; see China, fig. 125). By joining pictorial and written elements in formal and expressive unity, he extended the subtlety and range of the genre and established its characteristic form. Wang’s large hanging scrolls feature new heroic images of massive, battered old trees with soaring young branches in full bloom. Because of traditional associations of plum blossoms with endurance and simplicity, and in conjunction with Wang’s vivid personality, such images became an emblem of integrity and survival in adversity. Wang’s works became the definitive stylistic and iconographic model for later momei painting, and his life inspired other scholar-painters who had to turn their literati accomplishments into their means of subsistence. Wang’s paintings survive in collections in Asia and the USA, including the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH; the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; the Shanghai Museum; the National Palace Museum, Taipei; the Palace Museum, Beijing; and the Imperial Household Collection, Tokyo. His poetry is collected in his Zhu zhai shiji (‘Poetry collection of the Bamboo Studio’). --DOA", +"date": "1287 - 1359", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangNingde", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Ningde", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Liaoning Province; graduated 1995 from Luxun Art Institute; lives and works in Shenzhen and Guangzhou.", +"date": "b. 1972", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangQi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Qi", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Chongqing; professor of the Central Academy of Fine Art, council member of the Chinese Artists' Association, vice-president and general secretary of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 王琦 ", +"date": "born 1918", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangQiang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Qiang", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province; member of the Hangzhou-based self-organized group called the Pool Society (Chishe), known for their biting sense of humor and absurdist spirit. ", +"date": "b. 1957", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangQihan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Qihan", +"comment": "Zhefu, Wu, Li Huishu and Zhou Yunjin ; Zhonghua wu qian nian wen wu ji kan. Song hua pian: I, Taipei: Zhonghua min guo, 1985. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangQingsong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Qingsong", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Hubei Province; graduated 1991 from the Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts, Chonqing, Sichuan; lives and works in Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1966", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangRusheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Rusheng", +"comment": "Realms of Faith, Kaikodo Journal, vol. 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangShen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Shen", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25s39 Alternate names: Wang Shen, 王詵 Song dynasty (b Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, c. 1046; d after 1110). Chinese connoisseur, collector and painter. Son-in-law of the Northern Song emperor Yingzong (reg 1064–8), Wang collected old and modern paintings and writings about painting, thus acquiring a good knowledge of different styles. He also exchanged ideas about classical studies and aesthetics with his friend, the eminent writer and artist Su shi. He based his landscape paintings on two distinct modes: for the more serious and austere he used the monochrome ink style of Li cheng, and for the grand and lavish he took up the Blue-and-green (qinglü) manner of Li Sixun (see Li, (1)). Both styles exhibited the then prevalent idea of expressing the artist’s personal interpretation of nature’s force and spirit. Wang frequently included tiny figures of fishermen and gentlemen in his landscapes as an indication of man’s position in nature. He often portrayed misty rivers and valleys with massive mountains in the middle ground and background, and in the foreground heavy, wrinkled rocks, to which cling dry, writhing pine trees. His rivers or lakes usually twist among the rocks and mountains, as for example in Fishing Village in Light Snow (handscroll, ink and light colours on silk, 444×2197 mm; Beijing, Pal. Mus.), though a massif sometimes rises from a wider surface of water. Streams with waterfalls rive the mountains and become mixed with clouds and mists, and trees are scattered among the rocks. The texture of the mountains is suggested by dark and light brushstrokes, whereas their contours are executed in forceful, long and short calligraphical strokes. In some of Wang’s coloured paintings the blue and green colours are reduced to a minimum in order to highlight the central massif and to avoid spoiling the basic monochrome setting, as in a Cliff Folds up in the Yan River (452×1660 mm; Shanghai Mus.). --DOA", +"date": "1046 - after 1110", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangShenglie", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Shenglie", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangShichang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Shichang", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25s43c35 Alternate names: Wang Shih-ch'ang, 王世昌 Ming dynasty From Shandong province. Painted landscapes and figures. --Seymour", +"date": "15th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangShikuo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Shikuo", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. from Shangdong, artist and fine art educator; alternate name: 王式廓", +"date": "1911-1973", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangShimin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Shimin", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25s43m36 Alternate names: Wang Shih-min, 王時敏 Qing dynasty (b Taicang, Jiangsu Province, 1592; d 1680). Painter, calligrapher and official. He travelled widely from an early age, accompanying his grandfather, Wang Xijue (1534–1611), on official missions. It was on one of these that he met the famous painter and art theorist Dong Qichang, who later tutored him in painting and calligraphy. Wang was fortunate not only in these propitious beginnings but also in being able to study at first hand works of the Song (960–1279) and Yuan (1279–1368) periods that comprised the renowned art collection of his grandfather. Among these were paintings by the four great masters of the Yuan period, Huang Gongwang, Wu Zhen, Ni Zan and Wang Meng. From c. 1624 to 1636 Wang was at the height of his fairly brief and unremarkable official career, becoming Keeper of the Seals and then sub-director of the Court of Sacrificial Worship. Illness forced him to retire in 1636, and, though summoned later to other official posts, he remained in retirement, painting, and tending his garden. During the 1620s and 1630s, as a number of dated works testify, the artist’s greatest source of inspiration was Huang Gongwang (e.g. Landscape after Huang Gongwang, 1638; New Haven, CT, Yale U. A.G.). Wang’s teacher, Dong Qichang, was so impressed by these paintings that on one of them he wrote, in 1627: ‘Mist and clouds fly by, the forest at the foot of the mountain is dark and dense. It really is a poem in images. Thirty years ago I saw this landscape; now it stands before my eyes afresh. I sit in the pavilion and wonder at this extraordinary achievement.’ Later Chinese critics, on the other hand, disparaged Wang’s work, accusing the painter of being so scrupulously faithful to his models that his transcriptions were, at best, uninspired and repetitive. Certainly Wang Shimin was less original than the innovative Dong Qichang or the more varied virtuoso Wang Hui. However, as is revealed by a much later painting in the Huang manner, Landscape in the Style of Huang Gongwang (see fig.), Wang was able to rearrange and transform past motifs, creating a landscape of extraordinary complexity with the simplest of means. Characteristic Huang elements such as flat-topped bluffs, mountain ridges and a dividing gorge have here been reduced to a series of repeated geometric units modelled and accentuated by rows and columns of dots (Chin. dian). Together with underlying contour lines, they are virtually the sole constituents of the composition. In one area, equally spaced horizontal strokes serve for the progression into distance of a path; in another, they emphasize the successive conical layers of the central ridge; elsewhere, applied more wetly and thickly, they become a cluster of trees: ‘Wang Shimin’s paramount concern is in the brush pattern and movement, in the variation between light and dark tones of ink, rather than in the description of detail’ (Whitfield, p. 40). The central mountain ridge follows the model of Huang’s Stone Cliff at the Pond of Heaven (1341; Beijing, Pal. Mus.), but whereas in Huang’s painting it begins as a mass of smaller units inclining to the right and then shifting to the left, buttressed by flat-topped precipices, in Wang’s painting the ridge becomes an uninterrupted bowlike curve topped with staccato tree trunks. The intelligence of the idea is striking rather than the brilliance of the art. The sheer number of paintings produced by Wang during a period of almost 50 years counters any notion that he relied exclusively on one model. In addition to Huang Gongwang, Wang cited in inscriptions on his paintings other masters such as Dong Yuan, Ni Zan, Juran and Mi Fu as sources for individual pictures. His inscriptions reveal that he was an accomplished calligrapher in the bafen (‘eight-tenths’) style, an elegant version of lishu (‘clerical script’; see China, §IV, 2(ii)). Wang Shimin’s pupils included the brilliant Wang Hui and his less illustrious friend Wu Li, as well as his own grandson (2) Wang Yuanqi. In 1677 Shimin presented Yuanqi with an album of reduced copies of early masterworks that he had owned, The Great Revealed in the Small (Xiaozhong xianda; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), which he had made when economic necessity had forced him to sell the original paintings. Dong Qichang’s inscriptions were reproduced on the pages facing the paintings. The album, with its many works in the styles of the ancients (particularly those designated appropriate models by Dong), became an important source book for Orthodox school masters. --DOA", +"date": "1592 - 1680", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangShishen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Shishen", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25s43s39 Alternate names: Wang Shih-shen, 汪士慎 Qing dynasty Eight Eccentrics: Term coined in the late 19th century for a group of artists active in the 18th century in Yangzhou Province. More than eight artists have been identified with the group and their uniting characteristic, despite the designation ‘eccentric’, is somewhat debated. They include Jin nong, Luo ping, Wang Shishen, Gao qipei, Huang shen, Gao Xiang, Hua yan, Gao fenghan, Ming Zhen, Zheng xie, Li Gangying, Li shan and Qin Long. Wang Shishen (1686–1759) came from Shexian in Anhui Province and produced blossoming plum pictures with strange compositions and oddly wavering brushlines. --DOA", +"date": "1686 - 1759", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangShugu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Shugu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25s45g35 Alternate names: Wang Shu-ku, 王樹穀 Qing dynasty From Hangzhou. Painted figures. --Seymour", +"date": "1647 - ca. 1730", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangShuyi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Shuyi", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Bijie, Guizhou Province; specializes in print, Chinese painting, art review; alternate name: 王树艺", +"date": "1917-1999", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangSu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Su", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25s57 Alternate names: Wang Su, 王素 Qing dynasty From Yangzhou, Jiangsu province. Painted figures. --Seymour", +"date": "1794 - 1877", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangWei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Wei", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Henan Province; member of the Chinese Artists' Association, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association, vice-president of Henan branch of the Chinese Artists' Association; alternate name: 王威", +"date": "born 1930", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangWen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Wen", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25w27 Alternate names: Wang Wen, 王問 Ming dynasty Poet. Painted figures, flowers, birds, landscapes in Yuan tradition. Calligraphy in cursive script style. Inscriptions. --Seymour", +"date": "1479 - 1576", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangWu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Wu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25w32 Alternate names: Wang Wu, 王武 Qing dynasty From Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Pained landscapes, flowers, birds. Collector and connoisseur. --Seymour", +"date": "1632 - 1690", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangWuxie", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Wuxie", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangXiancheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Xiancheng", +"comment": "Suzhou Institute of Landscape Architectural Design; Suzhou gardens, Beijing: Zhongguo jian zhu gong ye chu ban she, 1999. ", +"date": "active ca. 1513-1550", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangXianzhi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Xianzhi", +"comment": "Hasebe, Gakuji, Yoshiho Yonezawa and Yujiro Nakata; Shorai bijutsu (Genshoku Nihon no bijutsu v.29), 1971-1972. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangXingwei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Xingwei", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Shenyang, Liaoning Province; lives and works in Shanghai.", +"date": "b. 1969", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangXizhi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Xizhi", +"comment": "Possessing the past : treasures from the National Palace Museum, Taipei / Wen C. Fong, James C.Y. Watt, with contributions by Richard M. Barnhart ... [et al]. New York : Metropolitan Museum of Art : Distributed by H.N. Abrams, 1996. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangXun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Xun", +"comment": "Rawski, Evelyn S. and Jessica Rawson; China: The Three Emperors, 1662-1795, London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2005. ", +"date": "350-401", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangYin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Yin", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Jinan, Shandong Province; graduated 1988 from the Department of Fine Arts, Central Institute of Theater, Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1964", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangYingchun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Yingchun", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter", +"date": "b. 1942", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangYoushen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Youshen", +"comment": "China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. Chinese artist, born in Beijing; graduated from the Central Academy of Fine Arts", +"date": "b. 1964", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangYuanII", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Yuan (II)", +"comment": "Fong, Wen; Between Two Cultures: Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Chinese Paintings From the Robert H. Ellsworth Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; New Haven: Metropolitan Museum of Art; Yale University Press, 2001. ", +"date": "ca. 1862-1908", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangYuanqi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Yuanqi", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25y37q22 Alternate names: Wang Yüan-ch'i, 王原祁 Qing dynasty (b Taicang, Jiangsu Province, 1642; d 1715). Painter, art theorist and official, grandson of (1) Wang Shimin. Through Wang Shimin he inherited the teachings of the latter’s tutor, the late Ming-period (1368–1644) painter Dong qichang. Wang thus represented the culmination of a lineage of landscape painting, loosely corresponding to the literati tradition (see China, §V, 4(ii)), that stretched back to the 8th-century ad painter and poet Wang Wei. Wang achieved eminence in his official career, becoming a district magistrate and a censor and, in 1712, rising to the rank of Vice-president of the Board of Revenue. He became a member of the Hanlin Academy, the highest in the hierarchy of intellectual institutions centred on the court. He was in the service of the Kangxi emperor (reg 1662–1722), to whom in 1700 he became adviser on the imperial art collection. His impact on the art world of the early Qing period (1644–1911) therefore went beyond the products of his brush. He was a prolific editor and theorist: from c. 1705 he was editor-in-chief of the Peiwen zhai shuhuapu, the calligraphy and painting manual of the Peiwen (Kangxi experor’s) studio (published 1708), a massive compilation of excerpts from texts; he also wrote the theoretical essay Yuchuang manbi (‘Scattered notes at a rainy window’), the most comprehensive expression of the principles and working methods of the Orthodox school. Wang was equally successful as a painter and dominated the court academy during his later years. Wang Yuanqi was artistically precocious. His grandfather is reported to have observed, on seeing one of Wang’s youthful works, that the boy would surely surpass him and that he had grasped not only the form (style) of the great Yuan-period (1279–1368) landscape painter Huang gongwang but also his spirit. Wang drew artistic inspiration from the works of Huang and of Dong Qichang, both of whom he regarded as significant figures in the revival and transmission of literati ideals, in so far as they had transformed the styles of the Northern Song (960–1127) landscape painters Dong Yuan and Juran. In his own work Wang confined himself almost entirely to landscape studies, usually without figures (see fig.). Details such as buildings and bridges were reduced to a minimum and conventionalized. While stylistic development can be traced in his work, his typical compositions, usually depicting hills rising above a river with trees and houses on the shore, remained constant. Underpinning his landscapes were his theories of painting as set out in the Yuchuang manbi. The artist should begin with an inspiration, purging himself of ‘trite feelings’ and imagining the general composition before applying the brush. He must establish proportions, foreground and distance, dense and sparse areas and basic tonal values well in advance of the details. The painter’s purpose is not to create beautiful scenery nor to reproduce old compositions precisely, rather it is to capture the qishi (‘dynamic force’ or ‘spirit-momentum’, a term originally associated with calligraphy criticism; see China, §IV, 3), transferring the concept of kinetic energy inherent in calligraphy to the larger problems of pictorial composition. Wang used the term longmo (‘dragon vein’) to express the principal dynamic structure within a landscape. In the 17th century longmo referred to dragon-like (Chin. long) or serpentine compositional movements, built up with individual brushstrokes and connected by ‘arteries’ (mo) within these larger movements. The composition contained passages that ‘opened and closed’ (kaihe) and ‘rose and fell’ (qifu). The former clearly depicted open spaces, such as a long valley closed off at one end by a large and distant mountain; the latter could refer to a succession of hills or boulders, arranged one behind the other, the contours of which could be seen to rise and fall. The clear articulation of all these elements was the essence of a good painting. Wang believed that the painter, having mastered these principles, was capable of a creative synthesis, borrowing from the compositions of past masters but renewing and refreshing their ideas and methods. This insistence on individual creativity moved him beyond the more imitative antiquarian interests of Wang Shimin and Wang Jian, and closer to Dong Qichang’s concern with ‘encountering the spirit’ of earlier masters. One of his best-known landscapes is Wangchuan Villa, based on an engraving of 1617 of a legendary Wang Wei composition. The scene represented the quintessential domain of the scholar–recluse. Since only copies and popular ink rubbings from stone engravings of the 8th-century composition existed, Wang was free to improvise, using Wang Wei’s poems as a further source of inspiration. As he pointed out, the picture was more than a ‘physical likeness by a professional painter’. The detail illustrated preserves the general appearance of the engraving, particularly the tilt of the ground-plane and the disposition of trees and hills. However, Wang created a sharp contrast between empty expanses of water and plain and the vigorously outlined and textured rock forms. The interplay between dense and open areas creates a formal rhythm that continues simultaneously back into the distance and across the picture plane. Wang’s debt to Huang Gongwang is apparent in the rounded rocks piled one against the other in receding, roughly triangular configurations, and in the dry, wiry texture strokes (cun) defining the edges of the mountains. Intermittent cool tones for washes and dots recall the archaic Blue-and-green manner of the Tang period (ad 618–907). These are combined in places with warmer hues so that two distinct colour schemes emerge: the ‘cool’ manner of the Tang period and the ‘warm–cool’ idiom popular with literati painters from the Yuan period onwards. In his ability to work with limited conventional means, while remaining consistently original, Wang’s artistic contribution represents both a summation of Orthodox theory and an escape from the occasional banality of its adherents. Wang Yuanqi collaborated with other artists such as Daoji (e.g. Bamboo in Wind, 1691, Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) and had many followers, mostly in the court academy and among court officials; an exception was Huang Ding (1660–1730), who worked outside court circles. --DOA", +"date": "1642 - 1715", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangYun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Yun", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25y39 Alternate names: Wang Yün, 王雲 Qing dynasty Fom Jiangsu province. Painted figures in style of Qiu Ying. Landscapes after Song academics. --Seymour", +"date": "1652 - 1735", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangZhao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Zhao", +"comment": "Rogers, Howard and Sherman E. Lee; Masterworks of Ming and Qing Painting From the Forbidden City, Lansdale, PA: International Arts Council, 1988. one of the four great masters of the Zhe School", +"date": "early 16th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangZhaoDa", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Zhao Da", +"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese artist of the Cultural Revolution", +"date": "active ca. 1970", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangZhen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Zhen", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25z42 Alternate names: Wang Chen, 王震 Modern From Zhejiang province. Worked in Shanghai. Painted landscapes, flowers, birds, animals, figures, Buddhist subjects. --Seymour", +"date": "1868 - 1938", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangZhi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Zhi", +"comment": "Rotondo, Lisa E.; Chinese Revolutionary Woodcuts, 1935-1948: From the Herman Collection, Middletown (CT): Davison Art Center, 1984. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangZiwei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Ziwei", +"comment": "China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. Chinese painter, graduated from the Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts in 1983; graphic designer in Shanghai.", +"date": "born 1963", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangZuXin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wang, Zu-Xin", +"comment": "Name derived from a website. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WaräthiInnocenz", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Waräthi, Innocenz", +"comment": "Schütz, Bernard; Great Monasteries of Europe, English language edition, New York; London: Abeeville Press Publishers, 2004. ", +"date": "active 1720s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WardleandCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wardle and Company", +"comment": "Wildman, Stephen and John Christian; Edward Burne-Jones: Victorian Artist-Dreamer, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, distributed by Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1998. ", +"date": "1875-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WareandVanBrunt", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ware & Van Brunt", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Harvard graduates who formed an architectural firm based in Cambridge, Massachusetts.", +"date": "1864-1881", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WarnerandSons", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Warner & Sons", +"comment": "Smith, Greg and Sarah Hyde; Walter Crane, 1845-1915: Artist, Designer, Socialist, London: Lund Humphries, in association with the Whitworth Art Gallery, University of Manchester. ", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WarnerLaMont", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Warner, LaMont", +"comment": "Tucker, Kevin; Gustav Stickley and the American Arts & Crafts Movement, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 2010. furniture designer for Gustav Stickley's Craftsman Workshops", +"date": "1876-1970", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WarnerSillettandRamm", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Warner, Sillett and Ramm", +"comment": "Soros, Susan Weber; E.W. Godwin: Aesthetic Movement Architect and Designer, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999. Spitalfields manufacturing firm for silk textile design and production", +"date": "established 1870", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WarpinskiTerri", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Warpinski, Terri", +"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. ", +"date": "born 1955", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WarrenandWetmore", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Warren and Wetmore", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. New York City-based architecture firm consisting of partners Whitney Warren and Charles Wetmore that had one of the most extensive practices of its time.", +"date": "1889-1938", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WarrenClintonJ", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Warren, Clinton J.", +"comment": "Emporis; http://www.emporis.com. worked in the offices of Burnham & root before establishing an independent practice in 1886.", +"date": "late 19th-early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WashingtonLawrence", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Washington, Lawrence", +"comment": "Hegemann, Werner and Elbert Peets; An Architect's Handbook of Civic Architecture, New York: Architectural Book Publishing Company: Paul Wenzel and Mourice Krakow, 1922. ", +"date": "1718-1752", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WatanabeHitoshi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Watanabe, Hitoshi", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1887-1973", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WatcombePotteryCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Watcombe Pottery Company", +"comment": "Durant, Stuart; Christopher Dresser, London: Academy Editions, 1993. Torquay, England", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WatersSheila", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Waters, Sheila", +"comment": "White, John; Art and Architecture in Itlaly 1250-1400, Baltimore, Maryland: Penguin Books, 1966. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WatersTJ", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Waters, T.J.", +"comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WatrissWendy", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Watriss, Wendy", +"comment": "Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. New York: Abbeville Press, 1997.. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WatsonGavin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Watson, Gavin", +"comment": "Polhemus, Ted; Street Style: from Sidewalk to Catwalk, London: Thames and Hudson, 1994. British photographer specializing in subcultures", +"date": "active ca. 1985-2010", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WattWilliam", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Watt, William", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Owner of a furniture and upholstery business, maker of furniture for E.W. Godwin", +"date": "1834-1885", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WattsDarlene", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Watts, Darlene", +"comment": "Ewald, Wendy; Portraits and Dreams: Photographs and stories by children of the Appalachians, London: Writers and Readers Publishing Cooperative Society Ltd., 1985. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WBBJ", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "WBBJ", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WebbAshton", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Webb, Ashton", +"comment": "Baker, Malcolm and Brenda Richardson; Grand Design: the Art of the Victoria and Albert Museum, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1997. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WebbJohn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Webb, John", +"comment": "Atterbury, Paul and Clive Wainwright; Pugin: A Gothic Passion, New Haven; London: Yale University Press; Victoria & Albert Museum, 1994. ", +"date": "active mid 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeberFritz", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Weber, Fritz", +"comment": "Kähler, Gert; Path of Modernism: Architecture, 1900-1930, Berlin: Jovis, 2009. German architect, active in Berlin and Chemnitz", +"date": "active ca. 1930", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeckKlaus", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Weck, Klaus", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeckLars", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Weck, Lars", +"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeeksDavid", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Weeks, David", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "first half 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeemsCarrieMae", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Weems, Carrie Mae", +"comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", +"date": "born 1953", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeiDong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wei, Dong", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Chifeng, Inner Mongolia; graduated 1991 from the Fine Arts Department of Beijing Normal Institute.", +"date": "b. 1968", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeiGuangjin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wei, Guangjin", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist", +"date": "active ca. 1985-1995", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeiGuangqing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wei, Guangqing", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Huangshi, Hubei Province; graduated 1985 from the Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou; lives and works in Wuhan.", +"date": "b. 1963", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeiJingshan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wei, Jingshan", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeiJiuding", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wei, Jiuding", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w26j24d36 Alternate names: Wei Chiu-ting, 衛九鼎 Yuan dynasty From Zhejiang province. Painted landscapes, boundary (architectural) paintings, and figures. Followed Wang Zhenpeng. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 1350 - 1370", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeiJujing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wei, Jujing", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w26j36j33 Alternate names: Wei Chü-ching, 魏居敬 Ming dynasty", +"date": "16th century ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeiSheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wei, Sheng", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w26s42 Alternate names: Wei Sheng, 衛升 Song dynasty Painted flowers and birds. --Seymour", +"date": "12th century ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeiXian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wei, Xian", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w26x24 Alternate names: Wei Hsien, 衛賢 Five dynasties Court painter from Nanjing in Southern Tang dynasty. Painted houses, trees, figures. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 937 - 975", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeiYan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wei, Yan", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w26y24 Alternate names: Wei Yen, 韋偃 Tang dynasty From Xian, Shaanxi province. Lived in Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Painted horses, pine trees and rocks. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 7th - 8th century ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeiZixi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wei, Zixi", +"comment": "Nebiolo, Gino; La Cina dei Cinesi, Ivrea: Priuli & Verlucca, 1973. Chinese peasant painter during the Cultural Revolution", +"date": "b. 1915", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeibkingRobert", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Weibking, Robert", +"comment": "Thompson, Susan Otis; American Book Design and William Morris, 2nd expanded edition, New Castle, DE, London: Oak Knoll Press, British Library, 1996. ", +"date": "active early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Weichiyiseng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Weichiyiseng", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w26z44y28 Alternate names: Wei-ch'ih-i-seng, 尉遲乙僧 Tang dynasty Called "Lesser Wei-chi" to distinguish from father ( Weichibozhina, the "Greater Wei-chi"). Lived in Xian. Created wall paintings in Buddhist temples, icons, figures, flowers and objects in relief. --Seymour", +"date": "second half 7th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeilerKevin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Weiler, Kevin", +"comment": "Greenberg, Donald, Aaron Marcus, Allan H. Schmidt and Vernon Gorter; Computer Image: Applications of Computer Graphics, Reading: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1982. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Weiluc", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Weiluc", +"comment": "Rennert, Jack; Posters of the Belle Epoque: the Wine Spectator Collection, New York: Wine Spectator Press, 1990. Lucien-Henri Weil, who signed himself 'Weiluc,' made his artistic debut in 1896 in 'La Caricature.' He then went on to illustrate for other magazines and exhibited regularly at the Salon des Humoristes. ", +"date": "1873-1947", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeimerD", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Weimer, D.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeinLeopoldJakub", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wein, Leopold Jakub", +"comment": "Rak, Jiri, Radim Vondracek and Clauda Terenzi; Biedermeier: Art and Culture in Central Europe, 1815-1848, Milan, New York: Skira Editore, Rizzoli International, 2001. ", +"date": "ca. 1800-1867", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeinerPaul", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Weiner, Paul", +"comment": "McGregor, Suzi Moore and Nora Burba Trulsson; Living Homes: Sustainable Architecture and Design, San Francisco: Chronicle Press, 2008. American architect and builder.", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeingartnerWallrath", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Weingartner, Wallrath", +"comment": "Harmen, Katharine; You Are Here: Personal Geographies and Other Maps of the Imagination, First Edition, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2004. ", +"date": "1795-1873", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeissKurt", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Weiss, Kurt", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American graphic artist", +"date": "active mid-20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeissmanNaomi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Weissman, Naomi", +"comment": "Cohen, Joyce Tenneson and Patricia Meyer Stacks; In/Sights: Self-Portraits by Women, Boston: David R. Godine, Publisher, 1978. ", +"date": "born 1940", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeleskiDawn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Weleski, Dawn", +"comment": "Klanten, Robert, Alain Bieber, Pedro Alonzo, Silke Krohn et al; Art & Agenda: Political Art and Activism, Berlin: Gestalten, 2011. Active 2008- present Member of Conflict Kitchen", +"date": "20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WellerBrownandMesmer", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Weller, Brown and Mesmer", +"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. Buffalo, NY", +"date": "1872-1884", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WellsThomas", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wells, Thomas", +"comment": "Rieman, Timothy D. and Jean M. Burks; Complete Book of Shaker Furniture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , Publishers, 1993. Shaker furniture maker", +"date": "1819-after 1854", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WelnerLawrence", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Welner, Lawrence", +"comment": "American century : art & culture. New York : Whitney Museum of American Art in association with W.W. Norton, c1999. vol. 2.. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeltonDan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Welton, Dan", +"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. ", +"date": "born 1944", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeltschRobin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Weltsch, Robin", +"comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", +"date": "active ca. 1972", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenBao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wen, Bao", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenBoren", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wen, Boren", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w27b38r26 Alternate names: Wen Po-jen, 文伯仁 Ming dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 1502; d Suzhou, 1575). Painter, nephew of (1) Wen Zhengming and cousin of (2) Wen Jia. He was renowned for his mean personality: as a youth he lost a legal dispute with his uncle and teacher, Wen Zhengming, and was imprisoned. Like Wen Jia, he failed the provincial juren (second degree) civil service examinations. Perhaps because of his cantankerous character, he did not often participate in Suzhou scholarly gatherings, nor was he as actively involved in Wu school activities as were his cousins Wen Peng (1498–1573) and Wen Jia; his paintings do not usually bear inscriptions by his contemporaries, and colophons by him are rare. The critic Wang Shizhen (1526–90) marvelled at how such a vile person could produce such fine landscapes. Apart from Miniature Portrait of Yang Jijing (handscroll, ink and light colours on paper, 1526; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), Wen Boren’s paintings are landscapes. He followed the Wen family style, using meticulous brushstrokes and an elongated format for hanging scrolls. The few times he painted in the mode of a master of the Yuan period (1279–1368) he chose Wang meng, whose complex, interweaving rock forms and twisting trees suited Wen Boren’s personality. Dwellings of the Immortals Amid Streams and Mountains (hanging scroll, ink and colour on paper, 1531; Cambridge, priv. col.) represents this style. A serpentine mountain mass is richly textured with numerous trees, rocks, buildings and figures. The deep pastel colours and the use of the archaic fishnet pattern to represent water also refer to Wang Meng’s style. The luxuriant elegance of the painting is, however, derived from Wen Zhengming. The Four Myriads (Siwan tu; four hanging scrolls, ink and colour on paper, 1551; Tokyo, N. Mus.) is considered his masterpiece. The scrolls are extremely dense, full compositions that portray the four seasons with repeated use of bamboo for spring, pines for summer, sunlit waves for autumn and snowy peaks for winter. At other times Wen Boren worked in a sparse style, as in Lute Song: Saying Farewell at Xunyang (short handscroll, ink and light colour on paper; Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.), an illustration of the ‘Pipa Xing’ (‘Lute song’; n.d.) by the poet Bai Juyi (ad 772–846). Water reeds, moon, maple tree and boats on the watery expanse are motifs from the prose poem. A poignant mood is evoked by the spacious composition, precise brushstrokes and soft, pale colours. The water is portrayed with the archaic fishnet pattern that originated in the Tang period (ad 618–907), when the poem was written. River Landscape with Towering Mountains (see fig.) depicts scholars enjoying nature. The tall, narrow proportions and light, feathery brushwork reflect the influence of Wen Zhengming. The composition is divided horizontally into two halves, with a separate spatial system for each half. In the foreground are riverside pavilions, trees and figures viewed from an elevated perspective. In the background, the mountains recede along a zigzag axis. They are treated in a volumetric fashion and topped with pines reminiscent of the Yuan master Huang Gongwang. The branches and foliage of the foreground trees weave together to create an intricate surface design. The contrast and tension between the upper and lower sections bring new life to this traditional theme. The ruler under whom Wen Boren lived, the Jiajing emperor (reg 1522–66), was an avid patron of Daoism and contributed to its increased influence and practice during the 16th century. Like Wen Jia, Wen Boren painted Daoist themes, for example Fanghu (hanging scroll, ink and colour on paper, 1563; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), a portrayal of one of the Daoist islands of the immortals, and Spring Dawn at Dantai (handscroll, ink and colour on paper, n.d.; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). --DOA", +"date": "1502 - 1575", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenCongjian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wen, Congjian", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w27c56j26 Alternate names: Wen Ts'ung-chien, 文從簡 Ming dynasty From Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Oldest son of Wen Yuanshan. Painted landscapes in the family traidtion, also followed Ni Zan and Wang Meng. Calligraphy in the style of Li Bohai. --Seymour", +"date": "1574 - 1648", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenJia", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wen, Jia", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w27j25 Alternate names: Wen Chia, 文嘉 Ming dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 1501; d Suzhou, 1583). Painter and calligrapher, son of Wen Zhengming. He received a formal classical education and benefited from contact with the learned associates of his father. He succeeded in passing the local xiucai (first degree) examinations and was appointed gongsheng (tribute student). He did not pass the provincial juren (second degree) examinations and had an undistinguished government career. A highly cultured gentleman, Wen Jia was a member of the third generation of the Wu school, and his early works show the profound influence of his father. His activity as a calligrapher was overshadowed by the greater reputation of his older brother Wen Peng (1498–1573), who practised the full range of script types: seal (zhuanshu), clerical (lishu), regular (kaishu) and cursive (caoshu). The two brothers were lively participants in Suzhou literati life, often collaborating on projects that combined painting, poetry and calligraphy. Together they compiled the Tingyun guan tie, an anthology of calligraphy published in 1560. Highly regarded as a connoisseur, Wen Jia was frequently asked to authenticate masterpieces, especially after the death of his father. He wrote colophons on paintings by Chen Huong ( fl ad 725–56), Guo Xi, Ma Yuan, Zhao Mengfu, Shen Zhou, Wen Zhengming, Zhou Chen, Tang Yin, Qiu Ying and Chen Shun. After the painting and calligraphy belonging to the powerful official Yan Song (1480–1565) were confiscated, Wen Jia was invited to write the catalogue Qianshan tang shuhua ji, dated 1569. Wen Jia’s paintings are modest and refined, with numerous allusions to the past. His unpretentious brushwork epitomizes the literati ideal of pingdan (plainness). Most of them illustrate poetry or document scholarly activities. From 1525 to 1559 he explored a variety of different themes and styles. After the death of Wen Zhengming in 1559, Wen Jia focused on consolidating his own artistic personality. He worked in the mode of masters of the Yuan period (1279–1368): Ni zan was a particular favourite, since his paintings embodied the elegant refinement that most appealed to Wen Jia. Wen’s paintings from the 1560s include illustrations of a poem by Bai Juyi (ad 772–846), Pipa Xing (‘Lute song’; hanging scroll, ink and light colour on paper, 1569; Osaka, Mun. Mus.), and another by Su Shi, Chibi fu (‘Ode on the red cliff’; handscroll, ink on paper, 1563; Nanjing, Jiangsu Prov. Mus.). His integral involvement with the Suzhou literati is affirmed by Parting by the River Bank (handscroll, ink and colour on paper, c. 1563; San Francisco, CA, Asian A. Mus.). It was painted to commemorate the departure of the official Yuan Zunni (1523–74) to Beijing to take the jinshi examinations and has farewell poems by six of his friends following the painting. The last 13 years of Wen Jia’s life were prolific. He wrote a large number of colophons and continued to work in the mode of Ni Zan, as well as to illustrate poetry such as Landscape in the Spirit of Verses by Du Fu (album leaf, 1576; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). His repertory expanded to include mythical Daoist scenic spots, for example Daoist Landscapes (handscroll, 1573; Tokyo, N. Mus.) and On the Isles of the Immortals (hanging scroll, n.d.; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). Landscape Dedicated to Xiang Yuanbian (see fig.) celebrated the Suzhou collector’s 54th birthday. Huangfu Fang (1503–82) composed a birthday song that Wen Jia wrote on the scroll. The painting depicts a scholarly gathering with blunt brushstrokes reminiscent of Shen zhou. It incorporates a deliberate creation of spatial ambiguity through a slanted horizon to the left of the background mountain mass. This device represents a new direction in painting and anticipates the distortions employed by Dong Qichang and Wang Yuanqi. Although the Wu school tradition declined during the late 16th century, there were certain innovations that were continued by later artists, particularly those active in the area of Songjiang. Wen Jia epitomized the typical scholar–artist active within his circle as a poet, calligrapher, painter and connoisseur. --DOA", +"date": "1501 - 1583", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenShu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wen, Shu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w27s45 Alternate names: Wen Shu, 文淑 Ming dynasty One of the most important women painters of the Ming dynasty. Member of prestigious Wen family in Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Daughter of Wen Congjian, a landscape painter and descendant of Wen Zhenming. Shu married Zhao Lingzhun, a descedant of an equally distinguished family that included Zhao Mengfu (husband of Guan Daosheng). The families lived in "refined retirement." Shu began to paint after the Zhao family fortunes declined, possibly to help support the family. A skilled painter of flowers, rocks, pines, insects, and figures, she soon gained a reputation and was teaching as well as selling her work. Her daughter painted orchids and bamboo. --Weidner ", +"date": "1595 - 1634", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenTao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wen, Tao", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1931-1949 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981;. born in Meixian, Guangdong Province", +"date": "1908-1950", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenTong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wen, Tong", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w27t36 Alternate names: Wen T'ung, 文同 Song dynasty (b Zitong, Sichuan Province, 1018; d Wanqiu, Chenzhou [modern Huaiyang], Henan Province, 1079). Chinese scholar and painter. He is associated with the establishment of ink-bamboo painting as a major genre of literati painting. From an educated Confucian family in Sichuan Province in the south-west, Wen was a diligent student of the classics and on attaining the title of jinshi in the national-level civil-service examination of 1049 ranked fifth out of 500. Despite his erudition and talent, however, he never served in high government positions, spending much of his career as a civil functionary in Sichuan and Shaanxi provinces, away from the fast-paced manoeuvrings of party politics in the capital, Bianliang (modern Kaifeng, Henan Province). Wen’s gentle and unassuming character was most comfortable in the solitude of nature, where he found the embodiment of his personal ideals in nature’s ‘gentleman’ ( junzi), bamboo (see China, §V, 3(vi)). As a painter of bamboo, which he claims to have painted as a means of self-cultivation in his pursuit of the Dao (‘way’), Wen earned lasting fame. Wen’s close friend and cousin, Su shi, the eminent statesman, poet and art theorist of the late 11th century, was instrumental in bringing attention to Wen. The narrative accounts of Wen’s paintings of bamboo by Su Shi and his brother Su Che (1039–1112) are among the most compelling descriptions of the creative act in Chinese literature. Following clearly prescribed models from an early philosophical work, the Zhuangzi, they liken Wen to Cook Ding and Wheelwright Bian, craftsmen who attained the Dao through absolute mastery of their métier. However, the personal identification of Wen with his subject—bamboo—is a new twist and a key element in the developing literati theory of the arts, which sought to establish painting’s potential for revealing the personality of the artist (see China, §V, 4(ii)). Two large and related hanging scrolls in ink on silk (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus. and Guangzhou, A.G.) best exemplify Wen Tong’s ink-bamboo. Both represent a large and weathered branch of bamboo dipping and rising in an inverted S-curve and recall Su Shi’s descriptions of Wen’s bent bamboo, the strange shapes of which are caused by the constrictions of the gulley where it grows, a fitting image of the ideal Confucian gentleman who bends without yielding. Nearer and further leaves are distinguished by gradations in ink tone, in keeping with a detailed account of Wen’s technique by the contemporary critic Mi Fu, and the marvellous sense of organic development accords well with Su Shi’s descriptions of Wen engaged in the creative act. Wen is credited with being the founder of the ink-bamboo tradition. His followers were numerous; they are collectively designated the Huzhou school of bamboo painting, after Wen’s final assignment as governor of Huzhou in Zhejiang Province. --DOA", +"date": "1018 - 1079", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenZhengming", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wen, Zhengming", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w27z43m37 Alternate names: Wen Cheng-ming, 文徵明 Ming dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 1470; d Suzhou, 1559). Painter and calligrapher. He was considered one of the Four Masters of the Ming period (1368–1644), along with Shen Zhou, Tang Yin and Qiu Ying. The most famous member of the second generation of Wu school artists, he profoundly influenced later painters. He was remarkable for his individuality as well as for the variety and range of his creativity. Although he was a thorough and diligent student, Wen Zhengming repeatedly failed the national examinations, the third level of civil service examinations. Finally, a local governor recommended him to a post in Beijing, where he lived from 1523 to 1527, working in the Hanlin Academy (see China, §V, 4(i)(d) ) on the history of the Zhengde period (1506–21). Disillusioned by life in politics, he returned to Suzhou to become the focus of its artistic community. Wen was deeply immersed in the study of the past. In common with his teacher, Shen Zhou, he drew on the works of the Yuan period (1279–1368) scholar-painters for inspiration, including the Four Masters of the Yuan: Huang gongwang, Wu zhen, Ni zan and Wang meng. The Yuan master Zhao Mengfu (see Zhao, (1) ) exercised the most pervasive influence on Wen, and he also studied earlier styles of the Tang (ad 618–906) and Song (960–1279) periods. The wealth of material available in Suzhou collections made all this feasible. Once he was totally familiar with these earlier styles, Wen reworked them to incorporate his own distinctive style, frequently expressing his awareness of history through inscriptions on his paintings. He specialized in garden scenes, which were often depictions of particular places in Suzhou; trees, especially pine, cypress and juniper (see fig.); mountainscapes with an emphasis on rocks; commemorations of scholarly events such as journeys or departures; and illustrations of literature. He typically worked with refined, precise brushstrokes combined to form a complex surface pattern. As a literati painter (see China, §V, 4(ii) ), he sought to express his own personality in his work, and his highly controlled intellect is always apparent behind the painting. In Summer Retreat in the Eastern Grove (handscroll, ink on paper, c. 1512; New York, Met.), Wen combined the three traditional arts of a scholar: poetry, calligraphy and painting. At the end of the painting he wrote one poem in running script (xingshu) in the style of Huang tingjian, a second poem in cursive script (caoshu) in the style of Huaisu as transmitted by Huang Tingjian, and a third poem in running script in the style of Su shi. His selection reveals his good taste and skill in the styles of these earlier masters. The cool, precise painting is in the mode of Ni Zan. The composition is orderly and clear; the forms do not touch the lower edge of the scroll and are thus set back from the viewer. Clusters of rocks are placed along a subtle diagonal, leading the viewer from the lower right to upper left, and are topped by a few sparsely foliated trees. These motifs, along with the empty pavilion, are reminiscent of Ni Zan’s work. The austerity of the composition is reiterated by the economy of brushwork: there is nothing superfluous. Wen succeeded in capturing a fresh, cool garden scene through his keen comprehension of artistic antecedents. Master’s Liu’s Garden (hanging scroll, ink and colour on paper, 1543; New York, Marie Hélène and Guy Weill priv. col.) exemplifies a later treatment of the garden theme. This extraordinarily finely painted image was done for a friend, Liu Lin (1474–1561), who had just retired from government service. Wen painted a garden retreat based on ones already existing in Suzhou in anticipation of what his friend would probably construct. Two crossed willows invite the viewer across the water to enter the thatched gate and then back through the V-shaped arrangement of trees towards the lofty pavilion, where a scholar entertains a visitor. At the upper left Wen brushed a poem and dedication in standard script (kaishu), referring to the delightful view and peaceful atmosphere. The brushwork is soft and lyrical, with delicate pastel colouring: warm brown washes describe earth forms and tree trunks; pale blue and ink dots define the foliage. By contrast, in A Thousand Cliffs Vying in Splendour there is a palpable sense of movement created by tilting, twisting forms. Within the constricted limits of the scroll, Wen piled rock on rock to build up a richly patterned mountainscape inspired by considerations of formal design rather than verisimilitude. The composition is densely packed, and the drawing is firm and incisive rather than soft and feathery. In the foreground two scholars sit enjoying the nearby pool and waterfall. Several trees connect this with the overwhelming mountain in the background; there is no view into the distance to offer relief. The mountain itself is constructed of rock masses topped by small pines in the mode of Huang Gongwang. The tightly controlled composition and strong brushwork make this commanding work one of Wen’s masterpieces. Wen made repeated use of the motifs of pine, cypress and juniper, which have particular connotations of the perpetual struggle of the human will (see fig.). In Old Cypress and Rock (Gubo tu; handscroll, ink on paper, c. 1550; Kansas City, MO, Nelson–Atkins Mus. A.) Wen exploited the complex design of the cypress in its echoing of the shape of the rock. The range of ink tones from soft, wet grey to dense, dry black is astonishing; the virtuoso brushwork, based on calligraphic technique, alludes to Zhao Mengfu. As in A Thousand Cliffs Vying for Splendour, there is little three-dimensional space: Wen emphasized the flat, decorative pattern of the forms. The painting and its ten accompanying poems express wishes for a quick recovery from illness of the poet, playwright and calligrapher Zhang Fengy (1527–1613). The cypress symbolizes perseverance, the promise of youth and the healing powers inherent in the plant. Typical of classical scholars of the 16th century, Wen was a prolific poet. Much of his output reflects the formal grace of poetry masters of the Tang and Song dynasties, and it is rich in the visual imagery of landscapes and the changing seasons. Renowned also as a connoisseur, Wen was frequently called on to authenticate new additions to Suzhou collections, and he conducted careful research into the history of painting. Although his writing was refined and meticulous, it never attained the same stature as his painting and calligraphy. His collected writings were published in 1543 in Futian ji (‘Extensive fields collection’). As a youth Wen Zhengming was a poor calligrapher, but he practised diligently and eventually he and his life-long friend Zhu Yunming were recognized as the two greatest calligraphers of the Ming period. Not only did Wen write in the modern script types of regular (kaishu), running (xingshu) and cursive (caoshu), but as part of his exploration of the past he also wrote in the archaic seal (zhuanshu) and clerical (lishu) scripts. During his years as an official in Beijing, Wen brushed poems on a suitably impressive imperial scale. In Waiting upon the Emperor’s Return from the Southern Suburbs (Gonghou dajia huan zi nanjiao; hanging scroll, ink on paper; New York, Met.) Wen used formal imagery and large, blocky standard script characters to please the emperor. The style is derived from the great Song-period calligrapher Huang Tingjian, with the emphatic use of the diagonal ‘oar stroke’. During his own lifetime Wen was best known for his small regular script (xiao kaishu) based on that of Wang Xizhi (see Wang (i), (1) ); Lu Ji’s The Art of Letters (Lu Ji Wenfu; handscroll, ink on paper, 1544–7; New York, Met.) offers a neat and precise example of this. It is marked by a stable, systematic composition and well-balanced proportions. The full-bodied characters are accentuated by sharp points, and the thinning and thickening strokes impart a lithe rhythm. Wen’s free and spontaneous running script is represented in a series of letters to his family (1523; Lyme, NH, Mr and Mrs Wan-go H. C. Weng priv. col.) and a letter to Hua Yun (1549; New York, Met). Both are imbued with informal natural rhythms and written with an exposed brush tip (lufeng; see China, §IV, 1 ). Wen had two styles of cursive script: one was lean and firm, based on Wang Xizhi, to which Wen contributed angularity and tapering finishing strokes; the other, freer style combined elements from Huaisu and Huang Tingjian. The Huangting jing (handscroll, ink on paper, 1558; Lyme, NH, Mr and Mrs Wan-go H. C. Weng priv. col.), a Daoist scripture that discusses the nourishment of the human body, is a rare example of Wen’s seal script, in which he re-created the style of the late 8th-century ad calligrapher Li Yangbing. --DOA", +"date": "1470-1559", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenZhijiang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wen, Zhijiang", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Wen Chih-chiang ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WengFen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Weng, Fen", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. 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Architect who is best known for his design of the village of Kiruna in National Romantic style, also influenced by stave church architecture, Lapp nomadic architecture and Shingle Style architecture.", +"date": "late 19th-early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WidmerD", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Widmer, D.", +"comment": "Berger, Ernst and Madeleine Gisler-Huwiler; Parthenon in Basel: Dokumentation Zum Fries, Mainz: Philip von Zabern, 1996. photographer", +"date": "active 1980s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WiedornWilliamS", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wiedorn, William S.", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American landscape architect, studied at Cornell; worked in Boston, Cleveland and Florida before settling in New Orleans.", +"date": "1896-1988", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WiegleyJeff", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wiegley, Jeff", +"comment": "Greene, Rachel; Internet Art, London: Thames & Hudson, 2004. ", +"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WienerKeramik", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wiener Keramik", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. The artist studio "Wiener Keramik" (Viennese Ceramic) was founded by Powolny & Berthold Loeffler in 1906 (merged with Gmundner Keramik in 1913) and made Viennese ceramic works world famous. -- http://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/signed-wiener-keramik-munich-bacchus-by-powolny", +"date": "1906-1913", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WienerPorzellanmanufakturJosefBöck", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wiener Porzellanmanufaktur Josef Böck", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1828-1960", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WienerWerkstätte", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wiener Werkstätte", +"comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. alt. name: Vienna Workshops", +"date": "1903-1932", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WiertzJupp", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wiertz, Jupp", +"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. 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", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilderJohnny", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wilder, Johnny", +"comment": "Ewald, Wendy; Portraits and Dreams: Photographs and stories by children of the Appalachians, London: Writers and Readers Publishing Cooperative Society Ltd., 1985. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilhelmRichard", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wilhelm, Richard", +"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. ", +"date": "born 1935", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilkinsLizzie", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wilkins, Lizzie", +"comment": "Wildman, Stephen and John Christian; Edward Burne-Jones: Victorian Artist-Dreamer, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, distributed by Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1998. ", +"date": "active ca. 1896-1900", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilkinsonBill", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wilkinson, Bill", +"comment": "Coleman, Elizabeth Ann; Genius of Charles James, New York: Brooklyn Museum, 1982. Fashion illustrator", +"date": "active ca. 1980", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WillClark", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Will, Clark", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", +"date": "1970s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WillametteIronWorks", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Willamette Iron Works", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Foundry based in Portland, Oregon; was renamed Willamette Iron and Steel Works in 1904; ceased operation in 1990.", +"date": "1865-1904", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WillardA", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Willard, A.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. New England printmaker", +"date": "mid 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WillhelmHengerSöhne", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Willhelm Henger Söhne", +"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamAandSSmee", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "William A. & S. Smee", +"comment": "Soros, Susan Weber; Secular Furniture of E. W. Godwin with Catalogue Raisonné, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999. ", +"date": "late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamCookeandSons", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "William Cooke & Sons", +"comment": "Whiteway, Michael; Christopher Dresser: A Design Revolution, London: V&A Publications, 2004. 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Cambridge and East Cambridge, MA", +"date": "ca. 1904-1921", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamHuttonandSonsLtd", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "William Hutton & Sons Ltd.", +"comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. ", +"date": "active late 19th-early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamThorowgoodandCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "William Thorowgood and Company", +"comment": "Meggs, Philip B.; History of Graphic Design, 3rd edition, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998. ", +"date": "active ca. 1845", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamesShedrich", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Williames, Shedrich", +"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. ", +"date": "born 1934", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamsandSmith", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Williams and Smith", +"comment": "https://digital.lib.washington.edu/architect/architects/5953/. Warren Heywood Williams and Arthur L. Smith", +"date": "1888-1889", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamsandWilliams", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Williams and Williams", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamsMorleyJ", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Williams, Morley J.", +"comment": "Architects' Emergency Committee; Great Georgian Houses of America, 1970 unabridged republication, New York: Dover Publications, 1970. ", +"date": "ca. 1970", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamsPatWard", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Williams, Pat Ward", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", +"date": "born 1948", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamsWarrenHeywood", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Williams, Warren Heywood", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", +"date": "1844-1888", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamsenAnn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Williamsen, Ann", +"comment": "Abernathy, Ann; Oak Park Home and Studio of Frank Lloyd Wright, Oak Park, IL: Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio Foundation, 1988. ", +"date": "late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamsonSue", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Williamson, Sue", +"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. ", +"date": "born 1941", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WillmannManfred", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Willmann, Manfred", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Manfred Willmann, the Austrian photographer and editor of the magazine "Camera Austria", shows the two photo cycles Das Land (1981 - 1993) and Oman (1997) at the Secession. ", +"date": "born 1952", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilloughbyFrancisSir", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Willoughby, Francis, Sir", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active late 16th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilmerdingWilliamE", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wilmerding, William E.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. American photographer", +"date": "1858-1932", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilmotteGeorge", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wilmotte, George", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", +"date": "late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilmsenEndicottandUnthank", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wilmsen, Endicott and Unthank", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Oregon architecture firm", +"date": "1960-1968", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilmsenEndicott", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wilmsen-Endicott", +"comment": "Archiplanet, http://www.archiplanet.org/wiki/Wilmsen-Endicott. ", +"date": "1948-1960", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilsonDelmer", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wilson, Delmer", +"comment": "Rieman, Timothy D. and Jean M. Burks; Complete Book of Shaker Furniture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , Publishers, 1993. 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", +"date": "active ca. 750-730 BCE", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WorlidgeJohn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Worlidge, John", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WörsamAnton", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wörsam, Anton", +"comment": "Swaan, Will; Gothic Cathedral: with an Historical Introduction, Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Co., Inc., 1969. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WrightInvestmentCompany", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wright Investment Company", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. possibly William Thomas Wright", +"date": "active late 19th-early 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WrightDean", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wright, Dean", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. One of the contributing Forest Service architects for Timberline Lodge, Mount Hood", +"date": "active 1930s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WrightEllen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wright, Ellen", +"comment": "Blakesley, Rosalind; Arts and Crafts Movement, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2006. embroiderer for Morris & Co.", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WrightFred", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wright, Fred", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WrightGrove", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wright, Grove", +"comment": "Rieman, Timothy D. and Jean M. Burks; Complete Book of Shaker Furniture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , Publishers, 1993. Shaker furniture maker", +"date": "1789-1861", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WrightPB", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wright, P.B.", +"comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. ", +"date": "active 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WrightW", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wright, W.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuBiduan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Biduan", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). born in Nanjing; member of Chinese Artists Association and Chinese Woodcut Artists' Association; alternate name: 伍必端", +"date": " born 1926", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuBin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Bin", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32b36 Alternate names: Wu Pin, 吳彬 Ming dynasty (b Putian, Fujian Province; fl c. 1568–1626). Chinese painter. One of the most talented of a small group of mid-17th-century professional artists active in Nanjing and Beijing, whose paintings of landscapes and figural compositions presented an alternative mode to the prevailing style of the amateur scholar-painters. Under the Wanli emperor (reg 1573–1620), Wu was called to service at the southern Ming (1368–1644) capital of Nanjing. He served mainly as a court painter but was also employed by private patrons and Buddhist temples. In the 1620s he was overheard criticizing the notorious eunuch Wei Zhongxian (1568–1628) and subsequently imprisoned. Thereafter, records of Wu cease. The conservative landscapes and narrative paintings that Wu executed for the court are best represented by the handscroll Greeting the Spring (1600; Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.) and the album Record of the Year’s Holidays (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). These fine-line, colourful early paintings, characterized by incidental detail and decorative effect, represent meticulous professional variants on the late Wu school style, the amateur landscape painting tradition based in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, in the mid-Ming period. By the first decade of the 17th century, however, Wu was pursuing a new landscape mode based on Northern Song (960–1127) models (see China, §V, 3(vi)(a)). Professional painters from Wu’s native Fujian had begun a Song revival in the early Ming period; in addition, Wu had the opportunity while in Nanjing to study old master paintings in both the imperial and private collections and to meet other painters, notably Mi Wanzhong (1570–1628), likewise engaged in reviving Northern Song styles. Wu must also have been exposed to European paintings and prints presented by Jesuit missionaries to the court (see China, §XIII, 21(ii)). The representational and illusionistic concerns of Western art may have stimulated an interest in the native Northern Song style, which similarly aimed at naturalistic effects. Wu’s new landscape style is best represented by paintings such as Streams and Mountains Far from the World (1615; Takatsuki, Hashimoto priv. col.), Landscape with Palaces (Berkeley, U. CA, A. Mus.) and a View of Tiantai Mountain (1607; Honolulu, HI, Acad. A.; see fig.). Northern Song influence is readily apparent in Wu’s monumental scale, monolithic vision and naturalistic rendering of surface effects. However, whereas Northern Song artists painted stable and rational landscapes representing microcosmic versions of an ideal cosmic order, Wu produced mannerist renditions of the earlier style, attenuating and distorting classical forms to create a visionary world of fantastic structures, whose undulating, unbalanced shapes often have no logical connection, and where the distinction between solid and void is no longer clear. The Song idiom is also the model for Wu’s painstakingly naturalistic surface detail on cliffs, with peaks swathed in convincing mists and believable shadows cast over their sides. Wu thus sets up a constant tension between the real and the unreal and seems to suggest that the coherence of the Song world order, though he longs for it, no longer has meaning for the Ming. Wu also played a central role in the late Ming revival of figure painting. A lay Buddhist, he received commissions from temples to paint images of Buddhist luohan (Skt arhats; ‘enlightened ones’). His best-known figure paintings include the handscroll Five Hundred Luohan (Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.) and the album Deities of the Surangama Sutra (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). As in his adaptation of the Song landscape mode, Wu alludes to but then distorts an earlier painting style. His luohan are clearly modelled after those of the Five Dynasties (ad 907–60) monk–painter Guanxiu, but they are caricatures and figures of irony. Wu thus intimates that luohan, embodiments of spiritual transcendence, have no more place in the sullied world of the Ming than the harmonious landscapes of the Song. --DOA", +"date": "ca. 1573 - 1620", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuBoli", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Boli", +"comment": "Little, Stephen and Shawn Eichman; Taoism and the Arts of China, Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 2000. Chinese Daoist priest and painter who lived in the Highest Purity Palace Temple (Shangqing Gong). He specialized in paintings of withered trees, bamboo and stones.", +"date": "active late 14th-early 15th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuChangnian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Changnian", +"comment": "China Publications Center; Modern Chinese Woodcuts, Beijing: Guozi Shudian, 1965. alternate name: Wu Chiang-nien", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuDacheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Dacheng", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32d22c39 Alternate names: Wu Ta-ch'eng, 吳大澂 Qing dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 6 June 1835; d 6 March 1902). Chinese calligrapher, epigrapher and collector. Born into a rich and cultured merchant family, he entered the district school at 16 and at 17 began to study seal script (zhuanshu) under Chen Huan (1786–1863). He received his jinshi degree in 1868 and became a scholar at the Hanlin Academy in Beijing, followed by two years at the Suzhou Provincial Printing Office. In succeeding years, he distinguished himself as an army officer, diplomat and civil servant. He became Governor of Guangdong Province in 1887 and of Hunan in 1892, interrupted by a period as director-general of the conservancy of the Yellow River and the Grand Canal and followed by his directorship of the Longmen Academy in Shanghai in 1898. Wu amassed a large collection of antiquities. He became renowned as an interpreter of written characters used before the Qin period (221–206 bc) and completed a dictionary of seal characters, the Shuowen guzhou bu in 1883, in which calligraphy is categorized according to its provenance, e.g. from bronze and jade seal texts or from weights. By comparing these characters to those in the earliest Chinese dictionary, the Shuowen jiezi (‘Dictionary of words and phrases’; c. ad 120), compiled by Xu Shen, Wu demonstrated that the characters in the Shuowen jiezi, accepted for centuries, were in fact based on more recent materials and not completely reliable. Wu compiled a catalogue of his entire collection, a book transcribing and deciphering the texts on his bronzes and a catalogue of his own and important bronzes in other collections in 1886. These were followed by catalogues of his seals, jades and weights and measures. In his catalogue on seals, he imitated the Song-period (960–1279) tradition of including the imprint of each seal in his presentation, which later became normal practice. In seal script, Wu began by studying the standard works of Li Yangbing ( fl c. ad 759–80), but soon moved on to Jiang Sheng (?1721–99). In his 20s, Wu became familiar with older seal script models: he discovered bronze and stele rubbings and began to study the Shuowen jiezi. Later influences came from specific bronzes in his collection or from other rubbings, such as one from the Maogong ding, sent to Wu by his friend Chen Jieqi (1813–84), a great collector, archaeologist and calligrapher. The Maogong ding is a bronze vessel on the bottom of which is inscribed in large seal script (da zhuanshu) the longest Zhou-period (c. 1050–256 bc) text known. A pair of matched hanging scrolls (duilian; see Shimonaka, no. 83) reveal Wu’s approach. The words are precisely spaced, the strokes stern, taut and full of power. The juxtaposition of these words in seal script, much closer to ancient pictographs than the later versions of the script, is naturally graphic. Wu adds to the complexity of the pattern through his modulation of each stroke, contrasting carefully rounded movements to the jagged, cut-off edge where the brush is more quickly lifted. --DOA", +"date": "1835 - 1902", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuDan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Dan", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32d24 Alternate names: Wu Tan, 吳丹 Qing dynasty Nanjing School: Term used to refer to a group of Chinese painters active in Nanjing chiefly in the second half of the 17th century, at the start of the Qing period (1644–1912). The Nanjing school was roughly contemporaneous with the Anhui school, which was active in the adjacent Anhui Province. By the late 17th century the leading painters of the school were already identified as the Eight Masters of Jinling [Nanjing] ( Jinling bajia). The earliest extant listing of the eight is by Zhang Geng (1685–1760) in his 1739 Guochao hua zheng lu (‘Catalogue of painting in our dynasty’); most were born elsewhere, but all were active in Nanjing as professional artists. Later lists vary, but the painters most often included are Gong xian, the leader of the school; Fan Qi (1615/16–c. 1694) from Nanjing; Gao Cen (fl 1670s; d 1689) from Hangzhou in Zhejiang Province; Zou Zhe (fl c. 1641–84) from Suzhou, Jiangsu Province; Ye Xin (fl 1650s–70s) from Huating, modern Songjiang; Wu Hong (fl 1670s–1680s) from Junqi, Jiangsu Province; Xie Sun (fl 1679) from Jiangning, Guangxi Province; and Hu Cao (fl 1681) from Jiangning. Others sometimes associated with the school include Lü Qian (fl 1660s–80s) from Suiming, Sichuan Province; Wu Dan and Liu Yu (both fl 1670s–80s), Nanjing natives; and Gong Xian’s pupil Wang Gai (fl 1670s–90s) from Xiushui, Zhejiang Province. -DOA", +"date": "ca. 1672 - 1689", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuDaozi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Daozi", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32d26z57 Alternate names: Wu Tao-tzu, 吳道子 Tang dynasty (b Yangzhe [modern Yu xian, Henan Province]; fl c. ad 710–60). Chinese painter. Later known as Wu Daoxuan, he is a legendary figure said to have depicted human beings, landscapes, architecture, Buddhist deities, demons, birds and animals. Reportedly, he derived his inspiration from wine and had a mercurial, responsive brushstyle, producing breathtaking vistas of natural scenery and figures across vast areas of temple wall. Hearing of his extraordinary talents, the Emperor Xuanzong (Minghuang; reg 712–56) summoned Wu to his palace at Chang’an (modern Xi’an). Between 742 and 755 the emperor dispatched Wu to the Jialing River in Sichuan Province to paint the scenery. On his return, Wu stated, ‘I have made no draft, but have committed all to memory.’ He proceeded to paint the walls of the hall known as the Datong dian with 300 or more li (c. 150 km) of Jialing River scenery in a single day. Five dragons in the Inner Hall, painted by Wu on another occasion, supposedly had scales so lifelike that each time it was about to rain, they emitted misty vapours (the dragon symbolized imperial power over rain and irrigation). Contemporary accounts report that Wu covered 300–400 wall surfaces in Buddhist and Daoist temples in the two Tang-dynasty (618–907) capitals, Chang’an and Luoyang. Temples included the Tangxing si, Chang’an, where his masterpieces graced the Diamond Sutra Hall, and where he inscribed the sūtra texts himself. Also in Chang’an on the walls of the Cien si pagoda he painted Manjushri and Samanthabhadra and under the western walkway scenes of descending demons and coiling dragons; at the Jinggong si he painted the walls with scenes of hells, Indra and Brahma, and dragon spirits, and in the Yongshou si he painted the Three Central Gates with twin guardian deities. Wu is said originally to have studied calligraphy under Zhang Xu but became dissatisfied with his achievements and turned to painting. Perhaps because of his calligraphic training, his painting is described by contemporaries largely in terms of flowing, vibrant lines, that is brushstrokes rather than areas of colour wash. In the 9th century the critic Zhu Jingxuan observed: ‘Whenever I gaze at Master Wu’s painting, I marvel not so much at the ornamentation, but at his brushwielding, which is peerless, always superb, exhaustively varied, driven with divine and untrammelled energy. Several walls are painted only in ink, and no-one to this day has been able to apply colours to them.’ An old man told Zhu of how he witnessed Wu painting haloes on the two guardian deities of the Central Gate of the Xingshanji in Chang’an, with a large crowd gathered to watch. Wu picked up the brush and in a single stroke created a perfectly round circle entirely freehand; the brush seemed energized as if driven by celestial winds. The crowd was stunned and believed that Wu had divine help. According to another account, when the general Pei Min presented Wu with gifts of silver and gold, asking him to paint at the Tiangong si (Celestial Palace Temple) in Luoyang, Wu returned the gifts unopened, saying, ‘I have long heard tell of the General’s superb sword dancing. If you would but dance for me once, the energy of your sword will surely inspire my brush.’ Pei Min then performed a breathtaking sword dance, after which the painter grasped his brush and in feverish inspiration, as though aided by the gods, created a painting of unmatched quality. It is said that he afterwards applied the colours himself. These accounts indicate that Wu first executed images in ink strokes, and that the application of colour was secondary and perhaps less vital. It suggests a new approach to painting, in which ink is deployed not in a fine, even and draughtsman-like outline aiming at detailed completion, but in an expressive, descriptive and abbreviated style with strokes of undulating width. Unnamed contemporaries reported that ‘the [ink] sashes on Wu’s figures flutter against the wind’, suggesting a swelling and shrinking in stroke width, with uneven individual segments imbued with a textural quality. This brush manner was eventually reflected, though probably subdued, in the figure style of the Northern Song (960–1127) master Li gonglin, visible in the painting attributed to him, Five Tribute Horses. Wu’s creative, varied and spontaneous brush deployment in landscape painting was the precursor to the use of modelling strokes (cunfa) that dominated landscape painting from the Five Dynasties period (ad 907–60) onwards, effectively replacing the use of colour in texture modelling. Zhang Yanyuan (c. ad 815–75) noted that Wu’s ‘strokes and dots are not fully completed but are deliberately punctuated with spaces’. This method of rendering is used to indicate three-dimensionality and the turning of forms in space. Contemporary records indicate that Wu had a fully developed ink style with vigorous, spontaneous, ‘leaflike’ ink strokes describing rounded figures and imbuing them with remarkable lifelike presence and movement. He painted freehand, evidently without meticulous under-drawing or sketches, and at great speed. His brushwork must have been highly economical, with contour and modelling accomplished in reduced but enlivened brushstrokes, often combined in function, as for draperies or mountain folds. Later, ink-based painting with a sparing use of pale colours came to be known as Wu style (Wu zhuang). Surviving attributions, however, do not reflect such aspects of Wu’s art; paintings and rubbings feature studiously rendered figures in even, continuous and usually profuse lines. An impression of Wu’s lifelike images is offered by contemporary painted sculptures of celestial guardians in the Hokkeidō and Kaidan’in (Nara, Tōdaiji). His interrupted swelling-line technique is intimated, though in a paler version and without the mastery, in the facial cartoons created by earlier craftsmen on the Hōryūji murals in Nara. A sense of his brief, descriptive brushwork in landscape is given by the mountain background of the plectrum guard on the biwa lute, a contemporary Tang-period piece (Nara, Tōdaiji; see fig. ). --DOA", +"date": "ca. 710 - 760", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuFan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Fan", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "born 1923", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuGuanghua", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Guanghua", +"comment": "Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she; Shanghai ban hua xuan ji, Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1963. born in Dongxiang, Jiangxi Province; alternate name: 吴光华", +"date": "born 1933", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuGuanzhong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Guanzhong", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", +"date": "born 1919", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuGuxiang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Guxiang", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32g35x25 Alternate names: Wu Ku-hsiang, 吳穀祥 Qing dynasty From Zhejiang province. Painted landscapes, figures, flowers, in the traditional school. -Seymour", +"date": "1848 - 1903", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuHong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Hong", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32h33 Alternate names: Wu Hung, 吳宏 Qing dynasty From Jiangsu province. Lived in Nanjing. One of the "Eight Masters of Nanjing." Painted landscapes and bamboo. -Seymour", +"date": "ca. 1670 - 1680", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuHuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Huan", +"comment": "Tomita, Kojiro and Hsien-Chi Tseng; Portfolio of Chinese Paintings, Yuan to Ch'ing Periods, Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1961. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuHufan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Hufan", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32h35f23 Alternate names: Wu Hu-fan, 吳湖帆 Modern Worked and lived in Suzhou and Shanghai. Collector and connoisseur. Painter in the academic school. Specialist in landscapes, birds and flowers. Inscription in running script style dated 1933. --Seymour ", +"date": "1894 - 1968", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuJide", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Jide", +"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Yuhang, Zhejiang province", +"date": "born 1942", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuJinming", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Jinming", +"comment": "Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she; Shanghai ban hua xuan ji, Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1963. alternate name: 邬金明", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuJunfa", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Junfa", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. Wu Junfa was born in Guangfeng, Zhejiang Province. He began creating woodcut from 1943. alternate name: 吴俊发", +"date": "born 1927", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuLiangzhi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Liangzhi", +"comment": "Barnhart, Richard M; Painters of the great Ming: the Imperial Court and the Zhe School, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 1993. Ming dynasty. unrecorded dates", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuQiangnian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Qiangnian", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Maoming, Guangdong Province; member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 吴强年", +"date": "born 1937", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuQingyun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Qingyun", +"comment": "Brown, Claudia and Ju-hsi Chou; Transcending Turmoil: Painting at the Close of China's Empire, 1796-1911, Phoenix: Phoenix Art Museum, 1992. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuRan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Ran", +"comment": "China Publications Center; Modern Chinese Woodcuts, Beijing: Guozi Shudian, 1965. alternate name: Wu Jan", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuShanzhuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Shanzhuan", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. b. Zhoushan, Zhejiang province, PRC Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou Hochschule für Bildende Kunst, Hamburg", +"date": "b. 1960", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuShengjin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Shengjin", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Wu Sheng-chin", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuShuilong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Shuilong", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Wu Shui-lung", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuShujuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Shujuan", +"comment": "Weidner, Marsha, Ellen Johnston Laing, Irving Yucheng Lo, Christina Chu, and James Robinson; Views from Jade Terrace: Chinese Women Artists 1300-1912, Indianapolis: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 1988 (0847810038). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuTao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Tao", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuTienchang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Tien-chang", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. b. Taipei Chinese Cultural University, Taipei, 1980", +"date": "b. 1956", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuWei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Wei", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32w26 Alternate names: Wu Wei, 吳偉 Ming dynasty (b Wuchang, Hubei Province, 1459; d 1508). Chinese painter. Wu was born into a family of scholar-officials. His father, who took the provincial-level civil-service degree to become a juren, was interested in alchemy and collected paintings and calligraphy. However, when Wu was still young, his father’s dissolute life-style and then death resulted in family ruin. Wu was brought up by a provincial official; at the age of 17 he travelled to the southern capital, Nanjing, hoping to establish himself as a painter. Early adverse circumstances meant that Wu had little hope of entering official service; instead, through the friendship and patronage of influential people, and in spite of being self-taught, he rose on the merits of his artistic abilities to a position at the court of the Chenghua emperor (reg 1465–87). In the Jiangnan region (south China) he met a tutor of the heir-apparent named Chu, who held the hereditary title Duke of Chengguo. Chu found work for Wu and gave him the sobriquet, or hao, Xiaoxian, (‘Small Immortal’). Shortly before the death of the Chenghua emperor in 1488, Wu was invited to the main capital at Beijing and honoured with the title daizhao (painter in attendance) in the Renzhi Dian (Palace of Virtue and Knowledge), as well as a low-ranking honorary official post. He was also awarded a seal that read ‘foremost among painters’. According to anecdote, Chenghua once summoned Wu to paint a scene of pine trees in a wind. Wu arrived in the imperial presence drunk, supported by two servants, but nonetheless proceeded to spill ink onto a screen on the floor and, by rubbing and smearing, to create so powerful an illusion of wind and clouds that the servants grew pale with fear; Chenghua reportedly pronounced Wu’s work to be that of an immortal. When his service ended Wu returned to Nanjing, where he gained a reputation for licentiousness and heavy drinking. Under the Hongzhi emperor (reg 1488–1505) he was recalled to court, but was soon granted leave to return to Wuchang to ‘sweep the ancestral tombs’. The next imperial summons was accompanied by the gift of a house in a fashionable section of Beijing. However, Wu remained only two years before relocating to Nanjing. In 1508, under the Zhengde emperor (reg 1506–21), the painter received his final summons to the capital; he died while preparing for the journey, apparently from the effects of drink. Wu is said to have had four wives and at least four children. Wu was an eccentric painter in the manner of Gu Kaizhi and Wu Daozi. His erratic behaviour, combined with a swift, sure technique, identifies him with the longstanding tradition in Chinese painting of the ‘untrammelled’ genius, whose nonconformity adds to his charm and reputation. In artistic style he was versatile (sometimes considered a defect), equally adept at disciplined, plain-line (baimiao) painting and at the rough ‘scribbly’ manner used in many paintings of Chan Buddhist or Daoist subjects. In landscape painting he was influenced by Dai jin and is consequently classed as a Zhe school artist. Few of Wu’s surviving paintings are dated, but it is likely that his Dai Jin-flavoured landscapes are from the early part of his career. Other landscapes with figures are possibly later, featuring looser, more rapid and flowing brushwork and emphasizing a kinaesthetic dimension rather than careful delineation of form. His most impressive landscape, painted in fast-running brushwork, is Myriad Miles of the Long River (1505; Beijing, Pal. Mus.) Wu’s versatility is perhaps most marked in his figure paintings. The hanging scroll Two Daoist Immortals (Shanghai Mus.) represents what is commonly known as the artist’s ‘rough’ style, relying for animation and intensity upon the muscular tension of the figures’ poses, a nervous handling of drapery and variations in thickness of the rapid brushline. At the other extreme is the plain-line drawing (baimiao) manner, conveying a sense of mass and space, employed by both professional and amateur artists after the 11th-century painter Li Gonglin. Lady Carrying a Pipa (see fig.) represents a mixture of the two styles that possibly originated with Wu. It is not true plain-line drawing since it lacks control and precision, and there are areas of light ink wash. It does, however, retain a sense of refinement unusual in rough works. While the exact subject is uncertain, the melancholy figure, presented in profile and carrying a pipa (Chinese lute) in a brocade bag over her shoulder, recalls Zhao Wuniang, the heroine of the mid-14th-century play Lute Song, who journeyed to the capital in search of her lover. If such a reference is intended, the attempt to incorporate the energizing effect of a ‘scribbly’ line with the wistful dignity of plain-line style is appropriate and successful. --DOA", +"date": "1459 - 1508", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuXizai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Xizai", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuYuanzhi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Yuanzhi", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32y37z44 Alternate names: Wu Yüan-chih, 武元直 Song dynasty From Beijing. Painted landscapes. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 1190 - 1196", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuYunhua", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Yunhua", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Heilongjiang Province; graduated 1968 from the Luxun Institute of Fine Arts in Shenyang; 1985-1987 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing; lives and works in Liaoning Province.", +"date": "b. 1944", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuZhen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Zhen", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32z42 Alternate names: Wu Chen, 吳鎮 Yuan dynasty (b Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 1280; d 1354). Chinese painter. Although he was well educated, especially in philosophy and swordsmanship, he never took the examinations to enter government, preferring to spend most of his life in his home town with occasional visits to such nearby towns as Hangzhou and Wuxing. A scholar of the Yijing (‘Book of changes’), he practised fortune-telling to make a living. As a painter he was not as successful commercially as Sheng Mao (one of his neighbours), but he had his own circle of literati friends, including such painters as Wu Guan and Zhang Guan and such scholars as Tao Zhongyi. As a painter, Wu is known for his landscapes and paintings of bamboo, most of which are in ink on paper, in free brushwork; his calligraphy is also noted for its cursive style (caoshu). His earliest known painting is Two Junipers (hanging scroll, ink on silk, 1328; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), which is strongly influenced by the 10th-century master Juran. Wu’s interest in the free use of texture strokes on mountains and rocks and in the shapes of trees and branches is already apparent. Central Mountain (handscroll, ink on paper, 1336; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) shows the large, broad brushstrokes and simplified composition typical of his mature works. In his landscapes his favourite subject is the hermit fisherman, a theme drawn from an ancient Chinese allegory, in which wise men, finding the world in turmoil, maintain their personal integrity by withdrawing from society to live like fishermen on rivers and lakes. The most famous paintings of this subject are Fishermen, of which two sections from an original four are extant (1336; both Beijing, Pal. Mus.), Hermit Fisherman in Lake Dongting (1341), Fisherman (1342; see fig.), A Lonely Fisherman on an Autumn River (all hanging scrolls, Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) and Fishermen, after Jing Hao (handscroll, 1345, Shanghai Mus.; similar composition, 1342, Washington, DC, Freer). All of these display Wu’s bold and free brushwork, his extremely simplified composition and his highly personal mode of expression. Other works demonstrate Wu’s facility to work in different styles. Spring Morning on the Clear River (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) is a grand landscape in the tradition of the Northern Song period (960–1127), with high mountains and deep vistas that show a strong influence of the 10th-century masters Dong Yuan and Juran. Another interesting but quite different landscape is Eight Views of Jiahe (1344; Taipei, Lo Chia-lun priv. col.), a topographical painting with many inscriptions indicating specific sites and locations in his home town. It is one of the rare works based on actual scenes that anticipated the development of the topographical style of landscape that flourished during the Ming period (1368–1644). However, even in this realistic portrayal of Jiaxing, his brushwork remains blunt and free. By contrast, Poetic Feeling in a Thatched Pavilion (1347; Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.), a landscape painted for a friend, shows a complete disregard for realistic detail, with free brushwork creating rhythmic patterns. One of the most famous Yuan period painters of bamboo, Wu wrote long inscriptions on all his bamboo paintings, indicating his artistic lineage and expressing the symbolic significance of bamboo. These include Bamboo and Rock (hanging scroll, 1347), Bamboo Studies (album of 20 leaves, 1350; both Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) and Bamboo after Su Shi (hanging scroll, 1350; Washington, DC, Freer). As indicated in his inscriptions, he followed the literati tradition of painting bamboo in monochrome black ink, first established as a literati motif by artists such as Wen Tong and Su Shi in the Northern Song period (960–1127) and Li Kan in the Yuan (1279–1368), all of whom used it to express the moral integrity and aesthetic superiority of an educated gentleman. In his album Bamboo Studies, painted for his son, Wu not only displayed the different manners of depicting the bamboo as used by Song and Yuan period masters but also included many other compositions of his own, portraying the bamboo growing upward, hanging downward, in a clear day, or blowing in the wind. All these bamboo paintings display a very consistent style: simple composition, bold brushwork and abstraction from nature. Wu Zhen was not recognized as a painter until the 15th century, when a number of painters active in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, notably Shen Zhou, the founder of the Wu school of literati painting (see China, §V, 4(ii)), became highly interested in his style. By the late 16th century Wu was considered one of the Four Great Masters of the Yuan. --DOA", +"date": "1280 - 1354", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuZongyuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Zongyuan", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32z58y37 Alternate names: Wu Tsung-yüan, 武宗元 Northern Song dynasty From Hunan province. Painted Buddhist and Daoist figures, imitated Daozi and Wang Kuan. --Seymour In the Northern Song period (960–1127), the new capital at Bianliang (modern Kaifeng, Henan Province), became the centre of Chinese painting. By the mid-11th century Wu Zongyuan (d 1050) dominated figure painting; his style was based on the bravura manner of Wu Daozi. --DOA", +"date": "early 11th century, d. 1050", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuZuoren", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wu, Zuoren", +"comment": "Fong, Wen; Between Two Cultures: Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Chinese Paintings From the Robert H. Ellsworth Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; New Haven: Metropolitan Museum of Art; Yale University Press, 2001. ", +"date": "1908-1997", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuelpernTom", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wuelpern, Tom", +"comment": "McGregor, Suzi Moore and Nora Burba Trulsson; Living Homes: Sustainable Architecture and Design, San Francisco: Chronicle Press, 2008. American builder", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WujcikTheo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wujcik, Theo", +"comment": "Acton, David; Sixty Years of North American Prints: 1947-2007, Boston: Boston Printmakers, 2009. American artist and printmaker", +"date": "born 1936", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WulzWanda", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wulz, Wanda", +"comment": "Lista, Giovanni; Futurism & Photography, London: Merrell Publishers Limited, 2001. ", +"date": "1903-1984", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WurbelFranz", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wurbel, Franz", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "b. 1896", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Wuzhuzi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wuzhuzi", +"comment": "Fachang, Shih Ruofen, Teisuke Toda; Mokkei, Gyokkan, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1973. Chinese painter of Chan Buddhist subjects", +"date": "active late 13th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WysongLinda", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wysong, Linda", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiAxing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xi, Axing", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Shanghai, Xi learned woodcut independently. He is the member of Shanghai branch of the Chinese Artists' Association and the member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association. alternate name: 奚阿兴 ", +"date": "born 1944", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiGuorong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xi, Guorong", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaChang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xia, Chang", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x23c35 Alternate names: Hsia Ch'ang, 夏昶 Ming dynasty From Jiangsu province. Younger brother of Xia Bing. Painted bamboo, rocks, calligraphy after Wang Fu. --Seymour", +"date": "1388 - 1470", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaGui", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xia, Gui", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x23g42 Alternate names: Hsia Kuei, 夏珪 Southern Song dynasty (b Lin’an [modern Hangzhou], Zhejiang Province; fl c. 1195–c. 1235). Chinese painter. Xia Gui and his close contemporary Ma yuan are considered the two greatest painters of the Southern Song (1127–1279) Academy (see China, §V, 4(i)(c)). They established the Ma–Xia style, a term that came to describe not merely their own work but an entire aesthetic. Early writers provide little biographical information about Xia Gui. Zhou Mi, in his account of the Southern Song capital Lin’an (c. 1280), included both Xia and Ma Yuan in a list of ten painters under the heading Yuqian huayuan (‘Art academy in the imperial presence’). Zhuang Su wrote (1298) that Xia was a zhihou (usher) in the Academy under Emperor Lizong (reg 1225–64) and that he painted landscapes and figures. This is partly corroborated by the deciphering of a seal belonging to Lizong’s empress, Xie, on a handscroll of Twelve Views of Landscape, of which four views survive (ink on silk; Kansas City, MO, Nelson–Atkins Mus. A.). Zhuang Su further associated Xia’s painting with the degenerate taste of a declining dynasty and described him as ‘exceedingly common and distasteful’, and ‘only able to realize a name for himself in his own time’. Tang Hou included Xia in a brief list of famous Academy artists (c. 1320) but dismissed the importance of all except Li Tang. The early rejection of Xia Gui can be explained by the rise of anti-Academic literati taste in the early part of the Yuan period (1279–1368). Towards the end of the Yuan, however, evaluation of Xia Gui became more positive both among those of Academic taste and among the literati. In 1365 Xia Wenyan wrote that Xia Gui was a daizhao (painter in attendance) under Emperor Ningzong (reg 1195–1224) when he received the honour of the jindai (‘golden belt’), and that he painted human figures, distilling ‘high and low’. Xia Wenyan also described Xia Gui’s technique: ink tones like the laying on of powdery colours, brushwork that was venerable and time-honoured, and ink that flowed dripping and wet, ‘unique’. In painting landscapes, no Academician since Li Tang was his equal. His snow scenes were entirely after Fan Kuan. In 1344 Ni Zan, writing about a Xia Gui mountain landscape no longer extant, clearly defined the artist’s place in painting history: he suggested that a tradition with roots in Jing hao and Fan Kuan and developed by Li Tang, who moved to Lin’an at the end of his life, culminated in Xia Gui and Ma Yuan. Even the late Ming scholar–painter Dong Qichang, who usually disapproved of Academy artists, commended Xia. In 1627 he wrote, with respect to the Twelve Views handscroll, that Xia Gui followed Li Tang but with greater cursoriness. He particularly praised Xia’s handling of ink, ‘now dissolving, now disappearing’, such that the ink play (moxi) of Mi Fu and Mi Youren was at his brushtip. This was high praise indeed, for the Two Mis were considered the epitome of scholar–painter ideals. The growing acceptance of Xia Gui within a defined tradition was partly due to his strong and forceful style, especially in painting winter landscapes. In recognition of this style, the painter, calligrapher and statesman Wang Duo (1592–1652) attributed to Xia Gui an anonymous Song hanging scroll, Landscape (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), citing the Fan Kuan–Li Tang relationship and comparing the painting’s stark and sombre snow and rocks to ‘cold iron’ (hantie). Scholars are uncertain about the authenticity of paintings attributed to Xia Gui. Two important album leaves in the shape of rounded fans, Gazing at the Waterfall (ink and colour on silk; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) and Full Sail on the Misty River (ink on silk; Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.), appear to indicate an early Xia Gui style closely connected with 12th-century painting, especially the followers of Li Tang. Both have signatures, but that on the latter is open to interpretation and has been attributed by some to Xia Gui’s son, Xia Shen, despite being in a believable 12th-century style. Five paintings define the subtleties of Xia’s mature style: A Pure and Remote View of Streams and Mountains (see fig.); the four surviving views in Twelve Views of Landscape; an album leaf in the shape of a rounded fan, Sailboat in the Rain (ink and slight colour on silk; Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.); a small hanging scroll, Landscape (ink on silk; Tokyo, N. Mus.); and a leaf from the album Hikkōen (‘The brush-tilled garden’), Rainy Landscape (Tokyo, Nakamura priv. col.). Characteristic features of these are close promontories with active, leaning trees; leaves created by moist, melting ink-touches, perhaps with a ‘split brush’; crisp, swordlike, bare branch-ends; sharp cliffs accented by ‘axe-cut strokes’ ( fupi cun), a convention inherited from Li Tang; gentle washes for land surfaces or distant mountain ranges; probing landspits fingering open areas of water and sky; and mists fading into the distance leaving only the spare suggestion of far hill-crests or light wash melting into silent spaces. Some landscapes were wet and bending with the movement of wind and rain, others embraced by quiet mists, and yet others crystal clear with sculpted, firm mountain peaks. Small figures, including travellers, fishermen, scholars and priests, inhabit Xia Gui’s landscapes, perhaps indicative of the appearance of his alleged figure paintings, none of which survive. Other abbreviated forms include a bridge, boat, gateway, rustic hamlet or temple; Xia was noted for the free-hand rendering of architectural elements (without a ruler). Xia Gui’s son, Xia Shen, continued his father’s general style, partially exemplified by Wang Cuxiang’s (1501–68) copy (1541) of a 14-leaf Xia Shen album (Tapei, N. Pal. Mus.). Xia Gui’s influence, particularly in association with that of Ma Yuan, pervaded painting throughout East Asia. The Ma–Xia style was stressed by the painters Sun Junze ( fl early 14th century) and Wang Li (b 1322) and in the 15th and 16th centuries became the foundation of the so-called Zhe school, headed by Dai Jin. In Japan, Xia Gui’s style had a major influence on ink painting of the Muromachi period (1333–1568) (see Japan, §VI, 4(ii)). --DOA", +"date": "first half 13th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaKui", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xia, Kui", +"comment": "Barnhart, Richard M; Painters of the great Ming: the Imperial Court and the Zhe School, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 1993. ", +"date": "15th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaLingyi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xia, Lingyi", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaPeng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xia, Peng", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Hangxian, Zhejiang Province; alternate name: 夏朋; original names: Yao Fu, 姚馥", +"date": "1911-1935", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaShen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xia, Shen", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). SEE: Xia Sheng x23s39 Alternate names: Hsia Shen, 夏森 Southern Song dynasty Son of Xia Gui. Painted landscapes. --Seymour", +"date": "mid 13th century ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaXiaowan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xia, Xiaowan", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Beijing", +"date": "b. 1959", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaYong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xia, Yong", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x23y33 Alternate names: Hsia Yung, 夏永 Yuan dynasty Represented the Palace of the Prince of Ding and the Yellow Crane Towers by embroidering with human hair. Painted landscapes, architectural and boundary paintings. --Seymour", +"date": "14th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiamenDada", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xiamen Dada", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Artists' group based in Xiamen city, Fujian, led by Huang Yongping", +"date": "formed in 1986", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiangErgong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xiang, Ergong", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Anhui, council member of Guangdong branch of the Chinese Artists' Association; alternate name: 项而躬", +"date": "born 1932", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiangLiqing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xiang, Liqing", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Chinese artist and photographer, born in Shaoxing, attended the China Academy of Fine Arts; lives and works in Shanghai", +"date": "b. 1973", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiangShengmo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xiang, Shengmo", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x25s42m39 Alternate names: Hsiang Sheng-mo, 項聖謨, Xiang Kongzhang Ming dynasty (b Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 1597; d 1658). Chinese painter, grandson of (1) Xiang Yuanbian. He grew up in cultured surroundings with access to Yuanbian’s collection. Through family connections he knew some of the leading artistic figures of the late Ming period (1368–1664), including the painting theorist Dong Qichang, who was employed as a tutor in the household and later contributed inscriptions to some of Xiang’s paintings. Referring to Zhang Yanyuan’s analysis in Lidai minghua ji (‘Record of famous painters of all periods’; completed c. 847) of the first law of painting put forward in the 6th century by Xie He in Gu huapin lu (‘Classification of painters’), Dong praised Xiang’s works for expressing the vital movement inherent in things (qiyun or shenyun, ‘spirit resonance’), whereby an artist achieves accurate representation. Xiang also knew a number of painters from Songjiang, an art centre near Shanghai, including Chen Jiru. Xiang wrote that in his youth he was forced to paint at night because his father made him study for the official examinations by day, despite the fact that he had no enthusiasm for a career in government affairs. His love of art and his confidence in his ability are suggested by a dream he recorded: ‘One night I dreamt that my brush stood up like a pillar more than ten feet tall. I climbed up and occupied the top of it, clapping my hands, laughing and talking. Since then, I have felt as if I were inspired and have often achieved fine results while imitating the works of ancient masters.’ However, he not only copied old masterworks but also drew inspiration from nature. In 1645 the Manchus occupied Nanjing, and Xiang Shengmo and his relatives were forced to flee south. Their art collection was largely destroyed and several members of the family committed suicide. Xiang survived and expressed his anguish in poetry and in painting. Jiaxing xian zhi, the local history, records that in his later years he lived a life of poverty along the Fuchun River, selling his paintings to survive. Xiang’s most important work is a series of six landscape handscrolls on the theme of eremetic withdrawal. Traditionally a wise ruler would summon a virtuous recluse to his government, and the recluse would demonstrate the purity of his spirit by declining the invitation or serving only briefly before retreating once more to the wilderness. The earliest of the paintings, Calling the Hermit (1625–6; Los Angeles, CA, Co. Mus. A.), seems strongly influenced by Dong Qichang, whom the artist visited in Songjiang (1625–6), and who had painted a picture on the same theme, Calling the Hermit at Qingxi (handscroll, ink on paper, 1611; Lyme, NH, priv. col., see Cahill, pl. 39). But whereas Dong took pains to play down narrative content or easily readable depictions of nature, Xiang presented the viewer with a long composition that blends fanciful, animated landscape forms with mundane activity: gentlemen fishing, crossing bridges or sitting in thatched houses. Xiang’s scrolls painted after his family’s ruin are shorter, smaller works that required less of his time and were probably more saleable. Chu-tsing Li suggests that the colour red, which appears more often in Xiang’s works after 1645, is a visual allusion to his loyalty to the pre-Manchu Ming rulers whose family name, Zhu, means ‘red’. --DOA", +"date": "1597 - 1658", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiangqiuZhima", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xiangqiu, Zhima", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Sichuan Province, Tibetan; alternate name: 翔秋志玛", +"date": "born 1947", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XianyuShu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xianyu, Shu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x24y35s45 Alternate names: Hsien-yü Shu, 鮮于樞 Yuan dynasty Early literati: In the early years following the reunification of China under Mongol rule, Chinese calligraphers concentrated on the transmission and perpetuation of the literati tradition from before the Song period. Important works of art, once in the possession of the imperial collections of the Jin (1115–1234) and Southern Song (1127–1279) dynasties, began to make their way into private hands. Scholar-calligraphers, now able to travel north and south for the first time since the political division of the country at the end of the Northern Song period (960–1127), gained access to these works. In the literary circles centred around Lin’an (now Hangzhou, Jiangsu Province), the capital of the Southern Song, the circulation of works by calligraphers of the Tang period (ad 618–907) and earlier fostered scholarly discussion and an artistic exchange that to a great extent determined the subsequent developments of calligraphy during the Yuan period. The scholar-calligraphers Zhao Mengfu (see Zhao, (1) ) and Xianyu Shu (?1257–1302), in particular, initiated a systematic and disciplined study of the ancient styles, which led to a classical revival referred to as a ‘return to antiquity’ (fugu) (see fig.). Reacting against the tendency of the Song calligraphers towards extreme individualism and personal excess, Zhao and Xianyu sought in the ancient models a more objective standard of excellence. This revival of classical works of the Eastern Jin (ad 317–420) and Tang periods marked an end to the dominant influence of Su Shi, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fu (see §(iv)(a) above). Zhao Mengfu’s intimate friendship with the northern calligrapher Xianyu Shu and their study and mastery of all of the major scripts in the styles of the ancient masters exemplified the new spirit of the literati in the Yuan period. Zhao Mengfu’s specialized studies and systematic analyses of the works of the ancient masters were reflected in his own mature calligraphic style, developed between 1311 and his death in 1322. During this time he achieved the ‘grand synthesis’ (da cheng) of the various aspects of the art of calligraphy; his works were not so much highly personalized calligraphic expressions as virtuoso performances, appreciated for embodying the ‘flavour of antiquity’ (guyi). His greatest achievement was his regular script (kaishu), in which he displayed equal mastery in the large, medium and small versions. The Record of the Miaoyan Monastery in Huzhou (Huzhou Miaoyan si ji) was written by Zhao upon the completion of the rebuilding of the monastery originally known as the Eastern Temple (Dongji yuan). Executed in large regular script (da kaishu), the inscription typifies the synthesis of Zhao’s mature style, in which elements of the calligraphy of Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin period and Chu Suiliang, Yan Zhenqing and Li Yong of the Tang period are apparent (see §§(ii)(d) and (iii)(a) and (b) above). Zhao Mengfu was especially praised by contemporary scholar-calligraphers for his small regular script (xiao kaishu). His transcription of Mi Fu’s Hua shi (‘History of painting’; c. 1103; Lyme, NJ, Wango H.C. Weng priv. col.), for example, exhibits the balanced classical order and restrained elegance of Ouyang Xun and Chu Suiliang. Whereas Zhao Mengfu’s calligraphy is an expression of the sophistication and refinement of the southern scholar–official, Xianyu Shu’s compositions embody the northern ‘heroic spirit’ (gushi). After serving as a clerical official at the Yuan capital of Dadu (now Beijing), Xianyu was transferred to Hangzhou in about 1283, where he eventually retired. A northerner in temperament and physical bearing, he was much appreciated by Zhao Mengfu and the other members of his literary circle for the northern heritage that found expression in his calligraphy and poetry. Xianyu was especially respected for his connoisseurship: important Eastern Jin and Tang works in his collection, such as the Dingwu Orchid Pavilion Preface (Lanting xu) by Wang Xizhi, were made the topic of numerous artistic gatherings. Through these scholarly and aesthetic exchanges between northern and southern literati, a social and cultural climate was established that was highly conducive to a calligraphic practice that sought inspiration for innovation in the classical tradition of the old masters. Admonitions of the Imperial Censors (Yushi zhen; 1299; Princeton U., NJ, A. Mus.) is a transcription by Xianyu Shu of an essay written by the prominent Jin poet and official Zhao Bingwen (1159–1232). Inscribed with a slightly worn brush in large regular script, the characters were conceived on a monumental scale and conveyed an immediacy of execution that established their continuity with the aesthetic spirit of the north during its occupation by the Jürchen Jin. Xianyu could identify with Zhao Bingwen: both were northern Chinese and both had to serve alien rulers. Xianyu’s decision to copy this particular essay as a veiled criticism of the Mongol regime would not have been lost on his fellow literati. What differentiates Xianyu Shu’s calligraphy from that of his northern predecessors and marks it as distinctively Yuan is the stability and balance of his character formations and the clearly articulated relationships between his brushstrokes, which are executed with inner restraint. These features are clear evidence of his profound study of the classical tradition of calligraphy. Nowhere is this more apparent than in his cursive script (caoshu), which even Zhao Mengfu considered superior to his own. Song of the Stone Drums (Shigu ge; see fig. 98), a poem written some five centuries earlier by Han Yu (ad 768–824), was transcribed by Xianyu in the year before his death. Considered the finest example of his mature cursive script, it is written with tremendous vigour in a style clearly influenced by the calligraphy of Wang Xizhi (see Wang (i), (1) ), Sun guoting and Huaisu. A comparison between this work and Zhao Mengfu’s Four Anecdotes from the Life of Wang Xizhi (New York, Met.) brings out the differences in their respective regional styles. Zhao Mengfu’s characters are executed with great facility and a relaxed fluidity of movement. His curvilinear brushstrokes exhibit a delicacy and refinement of touch associated with the aesthetic sensibility and cultivation of the southern literati. Xianyu Shu, by contrast, invests his characters with a tense energy and strength indicative of his northern heritage, generated by the sustained control of his rounded and angular brushstrokes, which fold, twist and turn in all directions. While Xianyu Shu was greatly revered by his younger contemporaries for his personal integrity and commitment to the traditions of calligraphic art, it was Zhao Mengfu who exerted the most profound influence on subsequent generations of Chinese calligraphers. Conservatives such as Zhang Yu (1277–1348), Yu He (fl c. 1317–82) and Deng Wenyuan (1258–1328) emulated Zhao’s calligraphic style, with its references to the classical traditions. Individualists such as Kangli Naonao (1295–1348), Yang Weizhen (1296–1370), Wu Zhen and Ni Zan were influenced more by the spirit of Zhao’s ‘return to antiquity’ (fugu) than by his specific calligraphic style. --DOA", +"date": "1257 - 1303", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoChen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xiao, Chen", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x26c38 Alternate names: Hsiao Ch'en, 蕭晨 Qing dynasty From Jiangsu province. Painted landscapes, figures; imitated Tang And Song masters. Noted for snowscapes. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 1680 - 1710", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoChuanjiu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xiao, Chuanjiu", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Changsha, Hunan Province; Chinese modern sculptor; alternate name: 萧传玖 ", +"date": "1914-1968", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoHaishan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xiao, Haishan", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x26h23s34 Alternate names: Hsiao Hai-shan, 蕭海山 Ming dynasty, unrecorded Officer of the Imperial Guard. Painted birds. --Seymour", +"date": "Ming dynasty", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoJunxian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xiao, Junxian", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoLin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xiao, Lin", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. alternate name: 萧林 ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoLu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xiao, Lu", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, resides in Sydney; educated Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, 1988.", +"date": "b. 1962", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoSu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xiao, Su", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1931-1949 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981;. alternate name: 萧肃", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoSun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xiao, Sun", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoYu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xiao, Yu", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Inner Mongolia; graduated 1989 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1965", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoYuncong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xiao, Yuncong", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x26y39c56 Alternate names: Hsiao Yün-ts'ung, 蕭雲從 Qing dynasty (b Wuhu, Anhui Province, 1596; d 1673). Chinese painter and poet. He was born some 150 km north of the region inhabited by artists of the Anhui school, with which he became associated, and was a contemporary of its leading member, Hongren. His family hoped he would pursue an official career, but Xiao failed the civil service examinations and instead became a semi-professional painter. He joined the loyalist Fu she (Restoration Society) in 1638 and in 1645 was forced to flee Wuhu in the face of invading Qing troops. On his return two years later he found his house ruined. Perhaps partly from a need to make money, Xiao participated in two important printing projects, the Lisao tu (‘Illustrations to the poem Lisao’; c. 1645) and the Taiping shanshui tu (‘Topographical illustrations of the Taiping region’; 1648). Both projects brought together some of the best artists of 17th-century China and are exceptional examples of woodblock-carving and printing, an art that flourished in Anhui Province during the Ming period (1368–1644; for further discussion of printing of this period see China, §XIII, 21(ii)). Xiao contributed 64 illustrations for the Lisao tu, including the image for the title poem itself (Lisao or Encountering Sorrow; attributed to the 4th-century bc poet Qu Yuan). The motive for publication of these poems, which had been given political interpretations since the Han period (206 bc–ad 220), may have been to express bitterness over the fall of the Ming dynasty, a feeling expressed by Xiao in his own poetry. The figures and animals that Xiao painted in the Lisao tu, with their awkward and sometimes grotesque distortions, were perhaps similarly inspired, a reflection of Xiao’s dissatisfaction with his own aborted official career as well as with political developments. Like his contemporary Chen Hongshou, he transformed the mannerisms of figure drawing by artisans and craftsmen of his period into original and engaging images. The combination of poetry, imitations of old painting styles and local topographical interest seen in the Taiping shanshui tu, for which Xiao provided 43 scenes of Taiping Prefecture, was a novel format. Xiao Yuncong’s best work appeared in albums and handscrolls: he seems to have been uncomfortable with the large hanging-scroll format. His early style, dependent on Song period (960–1279) models, was often fussy and crowded with detail. Although he attempted hanging scrolls in the dry, linear manner typical of Anhui school artists, such works lack the overall compositional unity of the best Anhui paintings. Albums painted by Xiao in the 1650s (e.g. album, 1653; Hefei, Anhui Prov. Mus.) contain leaves after 10th-century landscapists such as Li Cheng, Jing Hao and others. Xiao improved considerably as a painter in the late 1660s and early 1670s. Xiao’s mature paintings often included overlapping, simplified forms, red-robed figures and a combination of pale blue and red-brown washes with strokes of shaded wash. A long handscroll, Landscape with Mountains and Rivers (1669; Los Angeles, CA, Co. Mus. A.), demonstrates the painter’s technical prowess in using a dry-brush manner to construct compositions of great formal complexity. --DOA", +"date": "1596 - 1673", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoZeng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xiao, Zeng", +"comment": "Barnhart, Richard M; Painters of the great Ming: the Imperial Court and the Zhe School, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 1993. Ming dynasty painter from Yinxian, Zhejiang province", +"date": "ca. 1500", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaomingEmperor", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xiaoming, Emperor", +"comment": "Wei Ran; Buddhist Buildings (Ancient Chinese Architecture series, v.6), English edition, New York: Springer-Verlag Wien, 2000. Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei ((北)魏孝明帝) (510-March 31, 528[1]), personal name Yuan Xu (元詡), was an emperor of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei. Due to his young age (five) when he ascended the throne at 515, governmental matters were dominated by his mother Empress Dowager Hu (with an intervening regency by the official Yuan Cha from 520 to 525), whose overly lenient attitude toward officials' corruptions spurred many agrarian rebellions that threw essentially the entire state into war. In 528, Emperor Xiaoming tried to curb his mother's powers and kill her lover Zheng Yan (鄭儼) by conspiring with the general Erzhu Rong, and Empress Dowager Hu killed him. Soon, Erzhu overthrew her, and from that point on, Northern Wei emperors no longer had full actual authority. (Wikipedia)", +"date": "510-March 31, 528", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaowenEmperor", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xiaowen, Emperor", +"comment": "Wei Ran; Buddhist Buildings (Ancient Chinese Architecture series, v.6), English edition, New York: Springer-Verlag Wien, 2000. Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei ((北)魏孝文帝) (467–499), personal name né Tuoba Hong (拓拔宏), later Yuan Hong (元宏), was an emperor of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei. Emperor Xiaowen implemented a drastic policy of sinicization, intending to centralize the government and make the multi-ethnic state more easy to govern. These policies included changing artistic styles to reflect Chinese preferences and forcing the population to speak the language and to wear Chinese clothes. He forced his own Xianbei people and others to adopt Chinese surnames, and changed his own family surname from Tuoba to Yuan. He also encouraged intermarriage between Xianbei and Han. In 494, Emperor Xiaowen moved the Northern Wei capital from Pingcheng (平城, in modern Datong, Shanxi) to Luoyang, a city long acknowledged as a major center in Chinese history. The shift in the capital was mirrored by a shift in tactics from active defense to passive defense against the Rouran. While the capital was moved to Luoyang, the military elite remained centered at the old capital, widening the differences between the administration and the military. The population at the old capital remained fiercely conservative, while the population at Luoyang were much more eager to adopt Xiaowen's policies of sinicization. His reforms were met with resistance by the Xianbei elite. In 496, two plots by Xianbei nobles, one centered around his crown prince Yuan Xun, and one centered around his distant uncle Yuan Yi (元頤). By 497, Xiaowen had destroyed the conspiracies and forced Yuan Xun to commit suicide. Unfortunate for Emperor Xiaowen, his sinicization policies had their downsides -- namely, he adopted the Jin Dynasty social stratification methods, leading to incompetent nobles being put into positions of power while capable men of low birth not being able to advance in his government. Further, his wholesale adoption of Han culture and fine arts encouraged the nobles to be corrupt in order to afford the lifestyles of the Han elite, leading to further erosion to effective rule. By the time of his grandson Emperor Xiaoming, Northern Wei was in substantial upheaval due to agrarian revolts, and by 534 had been divided into two halves, each of which would soon be taken over by warlords. One of Xiaowen's enduring legacies was the establishment of the equal-field system in China, a system of government-allotted land that would last until the An Shi Rebellion in the mid Tang Dynasty (618-907). (Wikipedia)", +"date": "467–499", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaozongEmperorofChina", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xiaozong, Emperor of China", +"comment": "Fong, Wen C.; Beyond Representation, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1992. Emperor during the Southern Song dynasty (r. 1162-1189) who was the adopted son of Emperor Gaozong.", +"date": "1127-1194", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Xiaweng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xiaweng", +"comment": "Yang Xiaoneng; Tracing the Past, Drawing the Future: Master Ink Painters in Twentieth-Century China, Milan: Continents Editions, 2010. Chinese painter and calligrapher; best known as Ye Gongzhuo, zi Yufu; native of Fanyu, Guangdong Province. He was also a writer, collector, art activist and political organizer.", +"date": "1881-1968", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XieHuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xie, Huan", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x27h38 Alternate names: Hsieh Huan, 謝環 Ming dynasty The background of the Zhe school can be seen in earlier Ming painting represented by the works of the bird-and-flower master Bian Wenjin ( fl early 15th century) from Fujian; Xie Huan (c. 1368–1435), a figure painter and portraitist from Zhejiang who was a major force among Yongle (reg 1403–24) and Xuande (reg 1426–35) court painters. Xie Huan belonged to the conservative mainstream of academy painters who were especially sensitive to the moral implications of their subject-matter. Traditional legends and historical events were evaluated as much for their ideological merit and contemporary relevance as for their narrative interest or technical excellence and style. The ideal of the scholarly portrait, singly or in groups, dominated the imagery of the early part of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). In the works of artists such as Xie Huan (fl c. 1368–1435) the type is midway between formal and informal portraiture, with a basically veristic approach softened by relaxed demeanour and surroundings. --DOA", +"date": "d. after 1452", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XieNanxing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xie, Nanxing", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Chongqing, Sichuan Province; graduated 1996 from from the Sichuan Fine Art Institute; has lived and worked in New York since 1990.", +"date": "b. 1970", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XieShichen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xie, Shichen", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x27s43c38 Alternate names: Hsieh Shih-ch'en, 謝時臣 Ming dynasty From Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Pupil of Wen Zhengming. Landscapes after Shen Zhou, influenced by Dai Jin and Wu Wei. Famous for seascapes. Also painted figures. --Seymour", +"date": "1487 - after 1559", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XieZhangzhang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xie, Zhangzhang", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Hsieh Chang-chang", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XinHaizhou", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xin, Haizhou", +"comment": "China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. Chinese painter, graduated 1989 from the Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts and now teaches there.", +"date": "b. 1966", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XinJianglong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xin, Jianglong", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Hsin Chiang-lung", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiuJun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xiu, Jun", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Laiyang, Shandong Province; member of Chinese Woodcut Artists' Association; alternate name: Hsiu Chun; 修军", +"date": "born 1925", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuBeihong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xu, Beihong", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", +"date": "1895-1953", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuChuanru", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xu, Chuanru", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Chenghai, Guangdong Province; member of the Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 许川如", +"date": "born 1941", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuDaoning", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xu, Daoning", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x34d26n39 Alternate names: Hsü Tao-ning, 許道寧 Song dynasty (b Chang’an [modern Xi’an], Shaanxi Province, c. ad 970; d c. 1052). Chinese painter. Originally a vendor of medicinal herbs, he initially painted landscapes to attract potential customers. After attaining fame, he ‘frequented the manorial homes of princelings and officials’, for whom he painted murals, hanging scrolls and handscrolls. He was a familiar guest of the rich and powerful in both Chang’an and the capital, Bianliang (modern Kaifeng), in Henan Province. Famous clients included Huang Tingjian’s father, Huang Shu (1018–58). Huang Tingjian later eulogized one of Xu’s paintings: I met Drunken Xu in Chang’an … Quite tipsy, he would wield a worn brush dripping with ink, With the force of an avalanche, his hand never stopping. In a few feet, mountains and rivers would stretch over ten thousand miles, And fill the hall with a bleak and chilly air. A rustic monk returns to his temple, followed by the boy. A fisherman is hailed by the traveller waiting to ford the stream. (trans. M. F. Wilson) It seems that Xu was active in the capital around 1040. It is known that in 1042 he offended the prefect of Chang’an and took refuge in Huanzhou (now Huan xian), Gansu Province, but returned to Chang’an in 1043–4. Although considered vulgar and plebeian by the irascible Mi Fu in his Hua shi (‘History of painting’; c. 1103), Xu was ranked by most early critics as one of the great landscape masters after Fan Kuan and Li Cheng. It was noted that whereas in his early years Xu had a meticulous and laborious style, he eventually developed an individual, eccentric mode of brush deployment characterized by speed, animation and compelling power. A marked use of wet ink was observed in his later paintings of desolate and cold northern barren scenes. Wen Tong inscribed Xu’s painting Wintry Woods: ‘Although Master Xu studies the style of Li Yingqiu [ad 919–c. 967], in ink strokes he criss-crosses with abandon entirely in his own manner.’ By the Xuanhe era (1119–26) of the reign of Huizong, Xu’s influence had become such that the descendants of his contemporary Qu Ding were said to have taken up Xu’s style and not their own family tradition in order to survive. The Xuanhe huapu (‘Xuanhe collection of painting’; preface 1120) lists 138 works by Xu: themes include river fishing scenes, autumnal mountains, layered mountains, snow scenes, mists, woods and rocks, summer rains, vernal travels, cloudy spring mountains, wintry woods and returning geese. Liu Daochun lists Xu’s three areas of excellence as woods and trees, level distance ( ping yuan) and wild waters. He admires Xu’s vigorous, uninhibited compositions, which reflect the spirit of Li Cheng. Guo Ruoxu remarked on Xu’s abbreviated and highly individual brushwork, with which he created sheer precipices and sinewy, firm woods and trees. Yuan-period (1279–1368) writers, noting Xu’s origins as a medicine peddler, claim that his early brushwork had a touch of the common and vulgar, qualities that were shed only in his middle years, when his style became more restrained and abbreviated. They remark on his blunt and straight brush-wielding, with the entrance of the stroke exposed and the entire length a firm, straight-edged line. A handscroll entitled Qiushan xiaosi (‘Desolate temple amid autumn mountains’; Kyoto, Fujii Yurinkan Mus.), associated with Xu, exhibits characteristics that may correspond to descriptions of his early meticulous style. However, for such technically correct works, in which the brushwork is self-effacing and hidden, it is not easy to identify the artist. The scroll’s relatively weak structure suggests that it may represent a work of the Li–Guo school (Li Cheng and Guo xi) from after the Yuan period. Its high vantage-point, close foreground, large crossed bare trees and tendency to block out the far distance all point to the perception of the early part of the Ming (1368–1644). An unsigned handscroll in ink on silk with light colours, Yufu tujuan (‘Fishermen’s evening song’; see fig.), on the other hand, can be relatively securely identified with contemporary descriptions of Xu’s late style, though it lacks an end-section and the artist’s signature. The scroll possesses the hoary grandeur associated with painting of the early part of the Northern Song period (960–1127). The masterly and natural deployment of ink wash is typical of the Li Cheng school; the scale and the dwarfing of human presence, as well as the sense of a light source in the play of light and dark, all point to an early dating. The roughness and spontaneity of the masterly modelling strokes (cun) correspond to descriptions of Xu Daoning’s late style, as does the use of wet blobs rather than ink circles to depict watery rocks. --DOA", +"date": "ca. 1000 - 1066", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuFubao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xu, Fubao", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province; alternate name: 徐甫堡", +"date": "born 1912", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuGuang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xu, Guang", +"comment": "China Publications Center; Modern Chinese Woodcuts, Beijing: Guozi Shudian, 1965. alternate name: Hsu Kuang", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuHengge", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xu, Heng'ge", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Hsu Heng-ko ", +"date": "active mid 20th century ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuJing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xu, Jing", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x34j33 Alternate names: Hsü Ching, 許敬 From Hangzhou, Zhejiang province. Painted plum blossoms. --Seymour", +"date": "Ming dynasty", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuJiping", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xu, Jiping", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuJunxuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xu, Junxuan", +"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese painter, born in Jiangyin, Jiangsu province, graduated 1960 from the Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts", +"date": "b. 1934", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuKuang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xu, Kuang", +"comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. member of the Chinese Artists' Association, council member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 徐匡", +"date": "born 1938", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuLei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xu, Lei", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuLeng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xu, Leng", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Zhejiang; alternate name: 徐楞", +"date": "born 1929", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuLin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xu, Lin", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Zunyi, Guizhou Province; joined in Guangdong branch of the Chinese Artists' Association in 1956; alternate name: 徐琳", +"date": "1929-1965", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuShichang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xu, Shichang", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x34s43c35 Alternate names: Hsü Shih-ch'ang, 徐世昌 Song dynasty From Nanjing, Jiangsu province. Painted flowers, birds, landscapes. --Seymour", +"date": "2nd half of 12th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuTai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xu, Tai", +"comment": "Fourcade, Francois; Art Treasures of the Peking Museum, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1965. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuTiankai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xu, Tiankai", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born Nan'an, Fujian Province; alternate name: 许天开", +"date": "born 1912", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuYang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xu, Yang", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x34y25 Alternate names: Hsü Yang, 徐楊 Qing dynasty From Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Court painter in Qianlong period. Painted landscapes, plum blossoms, figures, and birds. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 1760", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuYi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xu, Yi", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x34y28 Alternate names: Hsü I, 許儀 Ming dynasty From Jiangsu province. Painted flowers in the style of Xu XI. Landscape, birds, insects and fish. Calligraphy in seal script style. --Seymour", +"date": "1599 - 1669", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuYihui", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xu, Yihui", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Lian Yungang, Jiangsu Province; Nanjing Academy of Arts, 1985-1989; lives and works in Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1964", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuZe", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xu, Ze", +"comment": "Wu Tung; Tales From the Land of Dragons: 1,000 Years of Chinese Painting, Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1997. born in Yunjian (the present Songjiang, near Shanghai) according to the Kundaikan Sochoki, and active during the Yuan dynasty, was said to have specialized in painting landscapes, hawks, buffaloes, birds, and flowers. ", +"date": "second half 14th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuZhen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xu, Zhen", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Shanghai.", +"date": "b. 1977", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuZhenqing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xu, Zhenqing", +"comment": "Yang Xiaoneng; Tracing the Past, Drawing the Future: Master Ink Painters in Twentieth-Century China, Milan: Continents Editions, 2010. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuZhongou", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xu, Zhongou", +"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Chengdu, Sichuan province", +"date": "born 1952", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuandeEmperor", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xuande, Emperor", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x35z58m Alternate names: Hsüan-tsung (Hsüan-te), 宣宗, (Xuande) Ming dynasty From Beijing. 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", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XueAn", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xue, An", +"comment": "Ryo Kai, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1975. Chinese painter of Chan subjects, Yuan dynasty", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XueSong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xue, Song", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Anhui Province; graded 1988 from the Shanghai Drama Institute.", +"date": "b. 1965", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Xuechuang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xuechuang", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). SEE: Puming x36c49 Alternate names: Hsüeh-ch'uang, 雪窗/SEE普明 Yuan dynasty ", +"date": "ca. 1340 - 1350", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Xugu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Xugu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x34g35 Alternate names: Xu Gu; Hsü-ku, 虛谷 Qing dynasty Painter, traditional literary school, who became a monk and founded his own individual school of painting and calligraphy. Painted flowers, fruit, chrysanthemums, cats, landscapes, birds and fish. --Seymour", +"date": "1825-1896", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YaginumaRM", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yaginuma, R.M.", +"comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. ", +"date": "1930-1935", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YalourisN", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yalouris, N.", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamadaDoan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yamada, Doan", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Døan was known for his religious paintings associated with Zen teachings.", +"date": "d. 1571", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamadaHogyoku", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yamada, Hogyoku", +"comment": "Narazaki, Muneshige; Hizō ukiyoe taikan : Puruverā korekushon (Ukiyo-e masterpieces in Western collections), Tokyo: Kodansha, 1990. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamadaJokasai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yamada, Jokasai", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "ca. 1681-1704", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamadaShinkichi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yamada, Shinkichi", +"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", +"date": "20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamadaYasujirō", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yamada, Yasujirō", +"comment": "Yamada Yasujiro; Chaseki okoshiezu mokuroku, Tokyo: Yamada Yasujiro, 193-. alternate name: 山田保次郎", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamaguchiHanroku", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yamaguchi, Hanroku", +"comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamaguchiSekkei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yamaguchi, Sekkei", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1644-1732", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamamotoHosui", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yamamoto, Hosui", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Studied Western style painting in Japan, in 1898 he traveled to Paris and worked with the French painter Jean-Leon Gerome. When he returned to Tokyo the following year, he opened his own art school and taught the ideals of French academic painting.", +"date": "1850-1906", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamamotoNaosaburo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yamamoto, Naosaburo", +"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamamotoNobuatsu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yamamoto, Nobuatsu", +"comment": "Chibbett, David; History of Japanese Printing and Book Illustration, Tokyo: Kodansha International Ltd., 1977. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamamotoSoken", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yamamoto, Soken", +"comment": "Murase, Miyeko; Masterpieces of Japanese Screen Painting, New York: George Braziller, Inc., 1990. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamanaAyao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yamana, Ayao", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "1897-1980", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamanakaFumitaka", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yamanaka, Fumitaka", +"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamashiroTad", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yamashiro, Tad", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamatoyaKyubei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yamatoya, Kyubei", +"comment": "http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/term_details.aspx. 山本久兵衛", +"date": "active mid 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamazakiJoryu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yamazaki, Joryu", +"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", +"date": "fl. 1716-1744", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanBinghui", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yan, Binghui", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. b. Tianjin, PRC B.A., Tianjin Academy of Fine Arts, 1986.", +"date": "b. 1956", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanCiyu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yan, Ciyu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y24c55y35 Alternate names: Yen Tz'u-yü, 閻次于 Song dynasty Younger brother of Yan Ciping. Worked in the Academy. Painted landscapes. --Seymour", +"date": "active ca. 1165", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanGuanghui", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yan, Guanghui", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Yen Kuang-hui", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanHan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yan, Han", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). born in Donghai, Jiangsu province; woodcut artist, oil painter; alternate name: 彦涵", +"date": "born 1916", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanHongzi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yan, Hongzi", +"comment": "Masterpieces of Chinese Figure Painting in the National Palace Museum (Gu gong ren wu hua xuan cui), Taipei: National Palace Museum, 1973. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanLei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yan, Lei", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Hebei Province; graduated 1991 from the Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou; lives in Beijing and Hong Kong.", +"date": "b. 1965", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanLi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yan, Li", +"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanLiben", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yan, Liben", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y24l32b28 Alternate names: Yen Li-pen, 閻立本 Tang dynasty (b Wannian, Yongzhou [now Xi’an], Shaanxi Province, c. ad 600; d 673). Chinese painter and government official. He is the most famous painter associated with the imperial courts of the emperors Taizong (reg ad 626–49) and Gaozong (reg 649–83) and the most notable of the few Chinese court painters to attain exceptional official rank. He helped define the imperial taste of the Tang dynasty (618–907), depicting figures and narrative subjects in a detailed, colourful and realistic style. Yan Liben’s father, Yan Bi (563–613), born into an important aristocratic family of the Northern Wei and married to a daughter of the Northern Zhou emperor Wudi (reg 561–77), was himself a painter and calligrapher, who earned a place as designer, engineer and architect at the Sui-dynasty (581–618) court. Yan Liben’s elder brother, Yan Lide (d 656), attained the important posts of Director of the Directorate for Palace Buildings and President of the Board of Works (c. 648). Yan Liben followed his brother in these posts and then rose to become Chief Minister of the Right in 668 and Director of the Secretariat in 671, important and influential offices involved with the formulation of government policy. Yan Liben was trained as an artist at an early age. In 626 he had the important commission of painting portraits of the 18 scholars at the court of the prince who later became Taizong. In 643 he painted portraits of 24 meritorious officials for the Lingyan Pavilion (four of these survive in the form of Northern Song (960–1127) rubbings; Beijing, Cent. Acad. A. & Des.). He also painted religious subjects, as confirmed by his inclusion in the category of painters of Buddhist and Daoist subjects in the Xuanhe huapu (‘Xuanhe collection of painting’; preface 1120). He modelled his style on that of Zhang Sengyou ( fl c. 500–50) and was noted for his ability to capture the true appearance of things. Thus he was ordered by Taizong to portray the foreign tribute bearers arriving at court (for an illustration of tribute bearers attributed to Yan Liben, see China, fig. 132), as well as Prince Guo (younger brother of Taizong) heroically killing a murderous dark tiger with a single bow shot. According to anecdote, Yan was once hurriedly called forth by Taizong to crouch by a lake and paint some unusual birds bobbing in the water that the emperor found particularly delightful. Apparently, Yan was greatly humiliated by the experience and warned his sons never to become painters. An example of Chinese historiographers’ traditional bias against painters and artisans, this story, with its moral message, became indelibly linked with Yan Liben’s later image. Of the extant works attributed to Yan, Thirteen Emperors (handscroll, ink and colours on silk; Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.; see China, fig. 128) is the best-known and the finest. It portrays 13 emperors ranging from the Han (206 bc–ad 220) to Sui dynasties, with identifying titles above. The latter seven are considered to be earlier and of better quality than the first six, though even the seven may represent a portion of a mid-11th-century copy of an original painted not by Yan but by another 7th-century artist, Lang Yuling. Palanquin Bearers (see fig.) depicts the meeting of the Tibetan envoy Lu Dongzan with Emperor Taizong (borne on a palanquin by nine maidens). It is also considered to be a mid-11th-century copy, but the attribution of the composition to Yan is slightly more secure. In both paintings, the figures are meticulously delineated with ‘iron wire’ lines, following an earlier tradition best exemplified by the Eastern Jin (ad 317–420) painter Gu kaizhi, but they also exhibit a concern for subtle volumetric modelling. A lively sense of design, capturing the atmosphere of court pageantry, is particularly pronounced in the portrayal of Taizong’s entourage in Palanquin Bearers. Personality and mood are aptly expressed in individual faces and gestures, in accordance with Yan’s reported talent for portraying true appearances. --DOA", +"date": "600 - 674", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanLide", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yan, Lide", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y24l32d27 Alternate names: Yen Li-te, 閻立德 Tang dynasty Yan Liben’s talent for tribute scenes was perhaps surpassed only by that of his older brother Yan Lide (d ad 656), of whom it was said that ‘in rendering the strange and weird appearance of foreign types no famous painter is his equal’. --DOA", +"date": "7th century ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanPeiming", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yan, Peiming", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Shanghai; lives and works in Dijon, France.", +"date": "b. 1960", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanWengui", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yan, Wengui", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y24w27g42 Alternate names: Yen Wen-kuei (Yen Kuei), 燕文貴 Song dynasty (b Wuxing [now in Zhejiang Province]; fl late 970s–early 11th century). Chinese painter. He probably studied with Hao Hui ( fl 10th–11th century) of Hedong (now in eastern Shanxi Province). He served in the military until the accession of the second emperor of the Song dynasty (960–1279), Taizong (reg 976–97), when he set forth by boat to the capital and sold figures and landscapes on the road leading to the Celestial Gate (Tian men). He is said to have been a court official, as a result of which he was accorded the honorary title of jiangshi lang (‘court gentleman for ceremonial service’), and to have served as the zhubo (recorder or archivist) in Yunying District, Yunzhou. He rose to fame, according to one account (the Shengchao minghua ping; ‘Critique of famous painters of the present dynasty’, by the Song writer Liu Daochun), during the reign of Emperor Taizong when Gao Yi, a painter in attendance (daizhao) at the Hanlin Painting Academy, bought several of Yan’s paintings and presented them to the Emperor, saying: ‘As your servant is charged with the restoration of [flood-damaged] murals in the temple Xiangguo si, may it be submitted that for the painting of the rocks and trees in the project, only Wengui can be sure to paint them successfully.’ Taizong was so impressed by the paintings and the recommendation that he appointed Yan to an unspecified position in the Academy. Another Northern Song art historian, Guo Ruoxu, wrote in the Tuhua jianwen zhi (‘Experiences in painting’; preface 1075) that during the reign of Emperor Zhenzong (reg 998–1023), Yan was a member of a team of 30,000 men who were building and painting the Daoist temple complex Yuqing zhaoying gong and that during his leisure hours he painted some landscapes. These so impressed the superintendent that Yan was recommended to the Hanlin Painting Academy for the position of usher (zhihou). Both accounts are uncorroborated. In landscapes Yan Wengui did not follow the ancients but created a new style of his own, in which he represented the myriad aspects of nature with startling lifelike vividness. These landscapes came to be known as Yan jia jingzhi (‘Yan school scenes’). Yan also excelled in depicting houses, palaces, boats and carts, usually by means of ruled lines. A characteristic peculiar to his work was the incorporation of minutely rendered architectural details within free-hand landscape passages. Liu Daochun also reported that Yan’s fan paintings pleased the Emperor and that he once painted the Qixi [Summer] Night Market, showing its bustling activities with astonishing fidelity. Yan’s album Puochuan duhai xiang (‘Pictures of boats coming back from sea’), owned by a wealthy merchant, was only about 300 mm high and depicted boats the size of small leaves and people the size of wheat grains; masts, sails, steering oars and people pointing and shouting were all rendered with amazing precision, and there were marvellous images of mighty waves, distant islands and sea monsters surging across the oceans. According to Guo Ruoxu, people kept in their homes screen paintings and hanging scrolls by Yan; and Deng Chun recorded in his Hua ji (‘Painting continued’; see China, §V, 5) that he owned a set of Yan’s four seasons paintings (all untraced), including such evocative titles as Waxing Moon over the Flowering Village, Evening Rain on the Calm River, Mists in the Bamboo Forest at Dusk and Remaining Snow at Pine Stream. The titles, format and sequential character serve to exemplify what were later known as Yan school scenes. The landscape painting Towers and Pavilions amid Rivers and Mountains ( Jiangshan louguan; handscroll, ink on paper; Osaka, Mun. Mus. A.) bears Yan’s name and is the work most consistently attributed to the artist by 20th-century art historians. In its handling of brush and ink and brush motifs, the style resembles that of his contemporary Fan kuan, by whom Yan was much influenced. Broad, swelling strokes of thick, black ink define both the contour lines of the boulder and the horizontal plane of the mountain. The rocky surface is modelled with finer, relatively centred, short ink strokes, with slashes of horizontal accents in the area of sheer rock-faces. The work has been dated to the mid-11th century largely on the grounds of the variety of modelling strokes used; in later works attributed to the master these became more unified and stylized. The mountains are girdled in mist and the bottom is highlighted, emphasizing the vertiginous feeling and the spatial expanse between the ranges. Houses and manmade objects are unnaturally small, dwarfed by the grandeur of nature, in which men and beasts, though depicted naturalistically, serve as incidental accents. Towers and Pavilions accords in structure and appearance with descriptions of Yan’s style by Yuan-period (1279–1368) observers. In the same period Ni Zan and Qian Weishan wrote of a painting associated with Yan called Lonely Temple in Autumn Mountains (Qiushan xiaosi; untraced). It depicted vertiginous precipices, riders hurrying lightly on stone-paved paths, wintry winds sending off distant skiffs, in short, a hoary, autumnal panorama described in minute detail and full of antique feeling. Another hanging scroll, called Towers and Pavilions amid Streams and Mountains (Qishan louguan) (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.; see fig.), shows similar composition and motifs. There is an emphatic use of the small, vertical texture brushstrokes associated with Fan Kuan’s modelling of rocky mountain surfaces, later called yudian cun (‘raindrop texture strokes’). The many granite peaks rise ever higher as they recede. Overall, the painting recalls the Osaka handscroll, but the somewhat mannerized application of contour outlines and texture strokes may reveal a later interpretation of the style. Its present dimensions (1039×474 mm) and incomplete appearance suggest that it may have been part of a larger, wider composition, perhaps one of a series of six or eight panels of a screen. --DOA", +"date": "late 10th century ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanZong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yan, Zong", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese painter of the Ming", +"date": "active ca. 1465-1487", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanagawaKenji", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yanagawa, Kenji", +"comment": "New Look of Environmental Design For a Sustainable Environment and Society, Tokyo: Orange Book Co., Ltd., 2005. Japanese architect", +"date": "active early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanagawaShigenobuII", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yanagawa, Shigenobu II", +"comment": "Keyes, Roger; Art of Surimono: Privately Published Japanese Woodblock Prints and Books in the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin, vol.2, London: Philip Wilson for Sotheby Publications, 1985. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YandaWilliamF", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yanda, William F.", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangMeiziEmpressofChina", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yang Meizi, Empress of China", +"comment": "Fong, Wen C. Beyond representation : Chinese Painting and Calligraphy, 8th-14th Century. New Haven : Yale University Press, c1992.. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangBorun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yang, Borun", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangBuzhi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yang, Buzhi", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y25b39z44 Alternate names: Yang Pu-chih, 楊補 Qing dynasty", +"date": "17th century ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangChunhua", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yang, Chunhua", +"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Nanjing, Jiangsu province", +"date": "born 1953", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangGuowu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yang, Guowu", +"comment": "Rotondo, Lisa E.; Chinese Revolutionary Woodcuts, 1935-1948: From the Herman Collection, Middletown (CT): Davison Art Center, 1984. alternate name: Yang Ko Wu", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangHan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yang, Han", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province; council member of Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 杨涵", +"date": "born 1920", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangHui", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yang, Hui", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y25h42 Alternate names: Yang Hui, 楊輝 Yuan dynasty Painted plum blossoms. --Seymour", +"date": "unidentified, probably late Yuan", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangHuijun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yang, Huijun", +"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese painter during the Cultural Revolution", +"date": "b. 1946", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangJihong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yang, Jihong", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese painter", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangJin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yang, Jin", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y25j32 Alternate names: Yang Chin, 楊晉 Qing dynasty From Jiangsu province. Pupil and assistant of Wang Hui. Painted landscapes, figures, and flowers. --Seymour", +"date": "1644 - after 1726", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangKeyang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yang, Keyang", +"comment": "Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she; Shanghai ban hua xuan ji, Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1963. born in Suichang, Zhejiang Province", +"date": "born 1914", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangMaoyuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yang, Maoyuan", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Dalian, Liaoning Province; graduated 1989 from the Central Institute of Fine Arts, Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1966", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangNewei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yang, Newei", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born Tengxian, Guangxi Province; alternate name: 杨讷维 ", +"date": "born 1912", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangShaobin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yang, Shaobin", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Tangshan, Hebei Province; graduated 1983 from the Polytechnic University, Hebei; lives and works in Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1963", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangSheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yang, Sheng", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y25s42 Alternate names: Yang Sheng, 楊昇 Tang dynasty Active as court painter. Famous for portraits of Emperor Xuanzong and Suzong. Also, landscapes in the boneless manner of Zhang Sengyou. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 714 - 742", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangShilang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yang, Shilang", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangShufeng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yang, Shufeng", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangShuide", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yang, Shuide", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Yang Shui-teh", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangWei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yang, Wei", +"comment": "Zheng Zhenduo, Zhang Heng and Xu Bangda; Song ren hua ce, Beijing: Zhongguo gu dian yi shu chu ban she, 1957. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangXianrang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yang, Xianrang", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Shandong Province, member of the Chinese Artists' Association; alternate name: 杨先让", +"date": "born 1930", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangXun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yang, Xun", +"comment": "Cahill, James; Parting at the Shore: Chinese Painting of the Early and Middle Ming Dynasty, 1368-1580, New York; Tokyo: Weatherhill, 1978. 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Chinese video and installation artist and photographer,; born in Xiaoshan, graduated from the oil painting department of the China Fine Arts Academy in Hangzhou in 1993, lives and works in Shanghai.", +"date": "b. 1968", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangZhiguang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yang, Zhiguang", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). 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Chinese artist", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangZhixian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yang, Zhixian", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Yang Chih-hsien", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangjiabuNianhuaWorkshop", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yangjiabu Nianhua Workshop", +"comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangliuqingNianhuaWorkshop", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yangliuqing Nianhua Workshop", +"comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YankiboyPlayClothes", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yankiboy Play Clothes", +"comment": "Galembo, Phyllis; Dressed for Thrills, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2002. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YankiboysPlayClothes", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yankiboys Play Clothes", +"comment": "Galembo, Phyllis; Dressed for Thrills, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2002. 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Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YaoShou", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yao, Shou", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y26s44 Alternate names: Yao Shou, 姚綬 Ming dynasty From Zhejiang province. Painted landscapes in the style of Wu Zhen. Also bamboo, rocks. Calligraphy in running-cursive script style. 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Painted landscapes. --Seymour", +"date": "mid 14th century ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YaoWenhan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yao, Wenhan", +"comment": "Rawski, Evelyn S. and Jessica Rawson; China: The Three Emperors, 1662-1795, London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2005. ", +"date": "fl. from 1743", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YaoXie", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yao, Xie", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. 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Chinese peasant painter", +"date": "third quarter 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YaoZhonghua", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yao, Zhonghua", +"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese artist, born in Yunnan Province, graduated from the Central Academy of Fine Arts in 1964.", +"date": "b. 1939", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YarfitzDenise", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yarfitz, Denise", +"comment": "Broude, Norma and Mary D. 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", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yari", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yari", +"comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. calligrapher Safavid", +"date": "active 16th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YashimaGakutei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yashima, Gakutei", +"comment": "Newland, Amy Reigle; Hotei Encyclopedia of Japanese Woodblock Prints, Amsterdam: Hotei Publishing, 2005. ", +"date": "1786-1868", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YeCheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ye, Cheng", +"comment": "Barnhart, Richard M; Painters of the great Ming: the Imperial Court and the Zhe School, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 1993. Ming dynasty", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YeFu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ye, Fu", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. alternate name: 野夫", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YeGuang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ye, Guang", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y27g39 Alternate names: Yeh Kuang, 葉廣 Ming dynasty", +"date": "16th century ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YeLuo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ye, Luo", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. alternate name: 叶洛", +"date": "1912-1985", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YeQianyu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ye, Qianyu", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YeXin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ye, Xin", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y27x28 Alternate names: Yeh Hsin, 葉欣 Qing dynasty From Jiangsu province. Lived in Nanjing and later Wuxi, Jiangsu province. One of the "Eight Masters of Nanjing." 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", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YeatsLily", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yeats, Lily", +"comment": "Blakesley, Rosalind; Arts and Crafts Movement, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2006. embroiderer for Morris & Co.", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YehudaRosalind", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yehuda, Rosalind", +"comment": "Howell, Georgina; In Vogue: Six Decades of Fashion, reprint of the 1975 edition, London: Allen Lane, Penguin Books Ltd., 1976. ", +"date": "active ca. 1970", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YenCiping", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yen, Ciping", +"comment": "Possessing the past : treasures from the National Palace Museum, Taipei / Wen C. Fong, James C.Y. Watt, with contributions by Richard M. Barnhart ... [et al]. New York : Metropolitan Museum of Art : Distributed by H.N. Abrams, 1996. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YermolayevA", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yermolayev, A.", +"comment": "Calendar: thirty years of the Soviet State, 1917-1947, Moscow: Foreign Languages Pub. House, 1947. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YevdokimovaEG", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yevdokimova, E. G.", +"comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. toy maker", +"date": "1912-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YiAm", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yi, Am", +"comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. 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Korean painter active in late 15th century.", +"date": "active late 15th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YiJinyu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yi, Jinyu", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YiMyonguk", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yi, Myong-uk", +"comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Famous Korean court painter during the Chosen period.", +"date": "active 1675-1720", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YiYuanji", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yi, Yuanji", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y28y37q22 Alternate names: I Yüan-chi, 易元吉 Song dynasty From Hunan province. Teacher in Confucian temple. Wall paintings. Flowers, birds and particularly monkeys. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 1064 -1067", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YiZhensheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yi, Zhensheng", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Xinghua, Jiangsu Province; joined in the Chinese Artists' Association in 1963, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 易振生 ", +"date": "born 1935", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yian", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y28a4 Alternate names: I-an, 一庵 Yuan dynasty Painted portraits. --Seymour", +"date": "early 14th century, unidentified", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YinHong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yin, Hong", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y29h33 Alternate names: Yin Hung, 殷宏 Ming dynasty From Hunan province. Painted figures, birds, and flowers. --Seymour", +"date": "late 15th - early 16th century ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YinTi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yin, Ti", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YinXiuzhen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yin, Xiuzhen", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Beijing; studied Central Normal University, Beijing, 1989.", +"date": "b. 1963", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YinYuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yin, Yuan", +"comment": "Yang Xiaoneng; Tracing the Past, Drawing the Future: Master Ink Painters in Twentieth-Century China, Milan: Continents Editions, 2010. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YinZhaoyang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yin, Zhaoyang", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Henan Province; graduated 1996 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1970", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YingTianqi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ying, Tianqi", +"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province", +"date": "born 1949", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yintuoluo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yintuoluo", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y29t44l48 Alternate names: Yin-t'o-lo, 因陀羅 Yuan dynasty Said to be Chinese transcription of Indian name Indra. Chan monk. Abbot of Guangjiao temple in Kaifeng. Painted Buddhist figures. --Seymour", +"date": "second half 13th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YinyuanLongqi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yinyuan, Longqi", +"comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. Active in Japan, abbot of the Wangfusi Temple of Mt. Huangbo in Fuijian Province, 32nd spiritual descendant of Linji Yixuan (d. 866, founder of the Linji school of Chan Buddhism)", +"date": "1592-1673", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoeBeth", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yoe, Beth", +"comment": "Herman, Lloyd E.; Art That Works: The Decorative Arts of the Eighties, Crafted in America, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1990. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yogetsu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yogetsu", +"comment": "Zaigai Nihon no shihō (Japanese Art: Selections from Western Collections) v.3, Tokyo: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1979. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YongXu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yong, Xu", +"comment": "Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. New York: Abbeville Press, 1997.. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YongYang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yong, Yang", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Born in the province of Sichuan with an education in oil painting. After arriving in Shenzhen, one of the fastest growing cities of the south coast of China, Yang started to work with video using the style of Warhol/Paul Morrisey; then by keeping the use photography, she documented the underground scenery of Shenzhen using Nan Goldin´s style. ", +"date": "born 1975", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YongleEmperor", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yongle, Emperor", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born Zhu Di, third emperor of the Ming dynasty, 1402-1424", +"date": "1360-1424", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YongzhengEmperor", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yongzheng, Emperor", +"comment": "Wei Ran; Buddhist Buildings (Ancient Chinese Architecture series, v.6), English edition, New York: Springer-Verlag Wien, 2000. (雍正帝 → yōngzhèngdì) (born Yinzhen (胤禛 → yìnzhēn) December 13, 1678 - October 8, 1735) was the fourth emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and the third Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1722 to 1735. A hard-working ruler, Yongzheng's main goal was to create an effective government at minimum expense. Like his father, the Kangxi Emperor, Yongzheng used military force in order to preserve the dynasty's position. Suspected by historians to have usurped the throne, his reign was often called despotic, efficient, and vigorous. Although Yongzheng's reign was much shorter than the reigns of both his father, the Kangxi Emperor, and his son, the Qianlong Emperor, his sudden death was probably brought about by his workload. Yongzheng continued an era of continued peace and prosperity as he cracked down on corruption and waste, and reformed the financial administration. (Wikipedia)", +"date": "December 13, 1678 - October 8, 1735", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YorkandSawyer", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "York and Sawyer", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YorkProductionServices", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "York Production Services", +"comment": "Stokstad, Marilyn; Art History, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1995. 3600 W MARKET ST, YORK, PA 17404", +"date": "active 1990s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YosaiNobukazu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yosai, Nobukazu", +"comment": "Meiji kaikaki no nishikie (Meiji Japan through woodblock prints), Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1989. ", +"date": "1872-1944", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoshidaGenjuro", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yoshida, Genjuro", +"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", +"date": "1896-1958", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoshiharaMichio", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yoshihara, Michio", +"comment": "Schimmel, Paul. Out of Actions: Between Performance the the Object, 1949-1979. Los Angeles, Calif. : The Museum of Contemporary Art New York : Thames and Hudson, 1998. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoshikazuIssen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yoshikazu, Issen", +"comment": "Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. New York: Abbeville Press, 1997.. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoshikuniNomura", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yoshikuni, Nomura", +"comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Japanese printmaker; woodcutter. Alternate names: Ichyyotei, Nomura Yoshikuni, Shoo, Yoshichi", +"date": "1855-1903", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoshikuniToyokawa", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yoshikuni, Toyokawa", +"comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. Japanese Ukiyo-e artist and poet, born and worked in Osaka, produced posters and actor prints. Alt. names: Ashimaro (Yoshimaro), Ashimaru, Jukodo, Ko Yoshikuni, Kojodo.", +"date": "active 1803-ca. 1840", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yoshinaga", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yoshinaga", +"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoshinobuKomai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yoshinobu, Komai", +"comment": "Narazaki, Muneshige; Ukiyo-e Masterpieces in European Collections v.12, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1988. Ukiyo-e printmaker. Follower of Harunobu and perhaps his assistant. His work is rare. His quite attractive style derives wholly from Harunobu.", +"date": "active 1765-1770", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yoshiro", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yoshi-ro", +"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yoshisada", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yoshisada", +"comment": "Singer, Robert T. et al.; Edo: Art in Japan 1615-1868, Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1998. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoshiyukiMori", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yoshiyuki, Mori", +"comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker, born and worked in Osaka until 1868 when he moved to Tokyo. Pupil of Yoshiume; known for his prints of actors and landscapes such as the series 'One Hundred Views of Osaka'. Alternate names: Hanjiro, Yonejiro, Keisetsu, Nansui, Rokkaen, Rokkaken.", +"date": "1835-1879", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoungTimothy", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Young, Timothy", +"comment": "Dicken, Samuel Newton and Emily F. Dicken; Making of Oregon: A Study in Historical Geography, Portland, OR: Oregon Historical Society, 1979. ", +"date": "active ca. 1979", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoungsBenjaminSr", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Youngs, Benjamin, Sr.", +"comment": "Rieman, Timothy D. and Jean M. Burks; Complete Book of Shaker Furniture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , Publishers, 1993. Shaker clock maker", +"date": "1736-1818", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoungsFranklin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Youngs, Franklin", +"comment": "Rieman, Timothy D. and Jean M. Burks; Complete Book of Shaker Furniture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , Publishers, 1993. Shaker furniture maker", +"date": "1845-1935", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoungsIsaacNewton", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Youngs, Isaac Newton", +"comment": "Sprigg, June; Shaker Design, New York, London: Whitney Museum of American Art, W.W. Norton & Company, 1986. Shaker furniture maker", +"date": "1793-1865", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuBaishu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yu, Baishu", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Cixi, Zhejiang Province; alternate name: 余白墅", +"date": "born 1920", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuBen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yu, Ben", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuFeian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yu, Fei'an", +"comment": "Barnhart, Richard, James Cahill and Wu Hung; Three Thousand Years of Chinese Painting, New Haven; Beijing: Yale University Press; Foreign Languages Press, 1997. Chinese painter, Shandong native; after the Republican period he became a leader in the Chinese Painting Academy and Chinese Painting Research Society", +"date": "1889-1959", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuJi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yu, Ji", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y35j24 Alternate names: Yü Chi, 余集 Qing dynasty From Hangzhou, Jiangsu province. Painted figures, orchids, bamboo, birds, and animals. --Seymour", +"date": "1738 - 1823", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuJianhua", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yu, Jianhua", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuLi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yu, Li", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", +"date": "1862-1922", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuShading", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yu, Shading", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Ningbo, Zhejing Province; specializes in prints; alternate name: 俞沙丁", +"date": "1923-1966", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuTim", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yu, Tim", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Hong Kong; studied at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1988.", +"date": "b. 1964", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuYouhan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yu, Youhan", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", +"date": "active 1980s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuYue", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yu, Yue", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuZhiding", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yu, Zhiding", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y35z44d36 Alternate names: Yü Chih-ting, 禹之鼎 Qing dynasty The leading figure in early Qing (1644–1911) portrait painting was Yu Zhiding (1647–1709). His rather conservative, finished images of artists and scholars whose characters are illuminated by their surroundings and accoutrements contrast with the more informal self-portrait images of artists such as Daoji and Kuncan, who portrayed themselves as Buddhist monks, eccentrics or reincarnated saints. --DOA", +"date": "1647 - 1705", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuZiming", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yu, Ziming", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y35z27m37 Alternate names: Yü Tze-ming, 於子明 Song dynasty", +"date": "ca. 13th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanHao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yuan, Hao", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "born 1930", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanJai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yuan, Jai", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Chongqing, resides in Taipei; studied National Taiwan Normal University, 1962; University of Louvain, 1966; Institut Royaux du Patrimoine Artistique Bruxelles, 1968.", +"date": "b. 1941", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanJiang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yuan, Jiang", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y37j27 Alternate names: Yüan Chiang, 袁江 Qing dynasty From Jiangsu province. Court painter. Painted landscapes, architectural motifs, followed Song masters. Excelled at "ruled line" painting. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 1723 - 1743", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanLong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yuan, Long", +"comment": "Suzhou Institute of Landscape Architectural Design; Suzhou gardens, Beijing: Zhongguo jian zhu gong ye chu ban she, 1999. designer and builder of gardens during the Guangxu period of the Qing dynasty", +"date": "late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanQinglu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yuan, Qinglu", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Hebei Province; alternate name: 袁庆禄 ", +"date": "born 1953", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanQingyi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yuan, Qingyi", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter and writer, from Hunan province. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanShangtong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yuan, Shangtong", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y37s35t36 Alternate names: Yüan Shang-t'ung, 袁尚統 Ming dynasty From Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Painted landscapes, figures, followed Song master. --Seymour", +"date": "1570 - after 1661", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanTiangeng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yuan, Tiangeng", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanXiaofang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yuan, Xiaofang", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Chinese painter, born in Huangshi, Hubei Province; graduated 1986 from the Hubei Academy of Fine Arts, Wuhan.", +"date": "b. 1961", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanYao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yuan, Yao", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y37y26 Alternate names: Yüan Yao, 袁耀 Qing dynasty From Jiangsu province. Court painter. Nephew of Yuan Jiang. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 1744 - 1755", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanYunfu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yuan, Yunfu", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese muralist", +"date": "active second half 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YueMinjun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yue, Minjun", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Daqing, Heilongjiang Province; graduated 1985 from the Hebei Normal University; lives and works in Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1962", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yueshan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yueshan", +"comment": "Realms of Faith, Kaikodo Journal, vol. 2000. Buddhist priest and calligrapher, born Fujian province. Alternate names: Sun Dingzhu (birth name); Daozong (priest name); Etsuzan (Japanese)", +"date": "1629-1709", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yujian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yujian", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y35j26 Alternate names: Yü-chien, 玉澗 Song dynasty (b Jinhua, Wuzhou, Zhejiang Province; fl c. 1250). Chinese painter, calligrapher and priest. He was active in Lin’an (now Hangzhou), Zhejiang Province. At the age of nine he entered Baofeng yuan (Precious Peak monastery), where he took the name Ruofen and trained in Tiantai Buddhism. After his ordination he was appointed scribe (shuji) at Tianzhu si (India temple) in the Bei shan (Northern Mountain) temple complex near Lin’an. Ruofen Yujian has been confused with another monk–painter, Ying Yujian, from Jingci si (Pure Compassion temple), a Chan Buddhist establishment in the Nan shan (Southern Mountain) temple complex, also situated near Lin’an. Both men are listed in Tuhui baojian (‘Precious mirror for examining painting’; preface 1365) by Xia Wenyan, whose account of Ruofen draws substantially on a description of 1351 by the painter Wu Taisu. The identification of Ruofen rather than Ying Yujian with the painter Yujian is due to the existence of this more complete account and its consistency with the kind of paintings attributed to Yujian. Yujian travelled widely and adopted his artist’s name (hao) after his return to Jinhua, where he retired to Yu jian (Jade Torrent), a hermitage he built by a remote mountain stream. He established a reputation for his ‘cloud-mountain’ ( yunshan) landscapes and for his paintings of ancient trees, bamboo and plum-blossom, the last influenced by Yang Buzhi. Only four of his paintings have survived and all are in Japanese collections. In the late 16th century, 15 of Yujian’s scrolls were recorded in Japan, including a handscroll, Eight Views of Xiao and Xiang. During the Muromachi period (1333–1568) the painting was cut into separate scenes, and each was remounted as a separate hanging scroll. Three of these survive: Mountain Village in Clearing Mist (Tokyo, Idemitsu Mus. A.; see China, fig. 111), Returning Sails at a Distant Shore (Nagoya, Tokugawa A. Mus.) and Autumn Moon on Lake Dongting (Matsutarō Yata priv. col.). These show strong similarities to a treatment of the same theme attributed to Muqi. Both artists use spontaneously executed ink washes to suggest the forms of the landscape. Yujian’s fourth extant work, Mount Lu (hanging scroll; Tokyo, Yoshikawa priv. col.), is signed and inscribed with a poem. It depicts the range of peaks that rises abruptly between the Yangzi River and Lake Poyang (Jiangxi Province). Only two of the scroll’s three sections have survived, but a copy of the complete design has been preserved (Tokyo, Idemitsu Mus. A.). Painted on loose-grained silk, Mount Lu is stylistically rough and undefined and must have been executed in part with a tool cruder than a brush, such as a straw reed or sugar-cane fibre. Yujian was an accomplished calligrapher. As a scribe at Tianzhu si, he had to compose and write all important documents dealing with the temple’s internal and external affairs. His writings were gathered into one volume, entitled Yujian shengyu (‘Left-over phrases of Yujian’; untraced). Although praised by Wu Taisu as a master of the ‘Three Perfections’ (sanjue)—poetry, calligraphy and painting—he was neglected by later generations of Chinese critics, who considered his individuality too extreme. Although he had no lasting influence on Chinese painting, he was highly regarded in Japan, where his work played an important role in the development of Japanese monochrome ink painting (suibokuga). --DOA", +"date": "mid 13th century ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YukicSanjin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yukic, Sanjin", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", +"date": "born 1957", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YukioTsuboyamaandTsuboyamaOffice", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yukio Tsuboyama &Tsuboyama Office", +"comment": "New Look of Environmental Design For a Sustainable Environment and Society, Tokyo: Orange Book Co., Ltd., 2005. Japanese architectural firm", +"date": "active early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YunBing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yun, Bing", +"comment": "Weidner, Marsha, Ellen Johnston Laing, Irving Yucheng Lo, Christina Chu, and James Robinson; Views from Jade Terrace: Chinese Women Artists 1300-1912, Indianapolis: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 1988 (0847810038). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YunDuseo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yun, Du-seo", +"comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Yun Du-seo (1668–1715) was a painter and scholar of the Joseon period. He is the grandson of Yun Seondo, a great scholar in Korean history. He passed the gwageo exam, but did not enter government service. Rather, he devoted his whole life to painting and studying Confucianism. His self-portrait is regarded as one of the many masterpieces of Korean art. Yun Duseo is also known for his yeongmohwa (animal-and-bird painting).", +"date": "1668–1715", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YunShouping", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yun, Shouping", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y39s44p37 Alternate names: Yün Shou-p'ing, 惲壽平 Qing dynasty (b Wujin, Jiangsu Province, 1633; d 1690). Chinese painter, poet and calligrapher. One of the Six Great Painters of the early Qing dynasty (1644–1911), he is acknowledged as the founder of a school of painting based in the Changzhou region, sometimes referred to as the Yun school. He was the most talented member of a prominent family renowned for its artistic talent. By virtue of his contribution to the genre of flower-and-bird painting, he achieved recognition as an important, innovative master who was an equal of the revered artists of the Song dynasty (960–1299). Though he was not a court painter, his style was designated the orthodox court style of the Qing dynasty (see China, §V, 4(i)(e)). Brought up in a literati environment, Yun studied with his father, Yun Richu, and according to legend, by the age of eight he could recite literature. He followed his father, who had become a monk, and elder brothers to Jianning, Fujian Province, where they joined the Ming loyalists in resisting the Manchurian troops. When the Manchus captured Jianning, Yun Richu escaped, believing that his sons were dead. In fact, one son was killed but Yun Shouping was taken prisoner and adopted into the family of Chen Jin, the conquering general who had no sons. After Chen was assassinated in 1652, Yun accompanied the body home and serendipitously met his father at a monastery. Yun’s adopted mother was persuaded to release him and he returned with his father to their home where, at the age of 20, he began scholarly studies in earnest. Around 1661 he stopped using his original name of Ge and adopted one of his hao, Shouping. Even during his lifetime, the saga of Yun’s life was used as the subject of poetry and plays. Yun Shouping described two ‘roads’ or approaches to flower painting (xieshenq or ‘life-sketching’). There was the outlined flower-and-leaf style with meticulous colouring, after Huang quan, and the style without ink outlines that used only colour, of which he considered Xu Chongsi (10th century) the master. Yun felt the latter style ‘captured the impression of nature’ with an appearance of utmost beauty, unlike a ‘carved’ (laboured) painting (Mingshi, p. 168). Because this style had no structural ink lines, it was called mogu (‘boneless’). Not only did Yun follow this tradition (see fig.), but he also made several substantial contributions to it with innovative techniques for washes, texture dots, the application of pigments and colour harmony. Yun Shouping’s writings are filled wth discussions of the great artists of the past that reveal a tremendous breadth of understanding and appreciation of their work. While most of his writings concern landscape painting, close friends of Yun said he gave up that genre in deference to his friend, the famous landscape artist Wang Hui. Although Yun Shouping did paint landscapes throughout his life, his fame clearly rests upon his superb achievements in the genre of flower-and-bird painting. In a biography translated by Osvald Sirén, Yun was described as a man ‘of an open, generous and refined character. When he met someone who understood him he could work a whole month for the man, but if it were not the right kind of person, he would not let him have a single flower or leaf even for a hundred taels of gold. Consequently, he always remained poor, even though he had been active as a painter for scores of years’ (Sirén, p. 193). Yun’s poverty extended to his grave: his funeral expenses were borne by his friend Wang Hui. --DOA", +"date": "1633 - 1690", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YungDannyNingTsun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yung, Danny Ning Tsun", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Shanghai, resides in Hong Kong; educated at UC Berkeley, 1967, and Columbia University, NY, 1969.", +"date": "b. 1943", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YusefISultanofGranada", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yusef I, Sultan of Granada", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Nasrid ruler of Granada", +"date": "1333-1354", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YushidoShuncho", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yushido, Shuncho", +"comment": "Hiller, J.; Japanese Colour Prints, Third Edition, Second Impression, London: Phaidon Press Ltd., 1993 (0714827215). suspect, but cannot confirm that he is the same as Katsukawa Shunchō, sometimes called Yushido --JCS", +"date": "ca. 1780-1800", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YusufAbuTahir", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yusuf Abu Tahir", +"comment": "Metropolitan Museum of Art; Islamic World, Tokyo: Dai Nippon Printing Co., 1987. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YusufbinNaghrallah", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yusuf bin Naghrallah", +"comment": "Archnet; http://archnet.org. ", +"date": "ca. 1052-1056", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YusufFaniErzurumi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yusuf Fani Erzurumi", +"comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. ", +"date": "active 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZagorskiStanislaw", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zagorski, Stanislaw", +"comment": "Chwast, Seymour and Steven Heller; Art of New York, New York, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1983. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZangiNuralDin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zangi, Nur al-Din", +"comment": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nur_ad-Din_Zangi. Nur ad-Din Abu al-Qasim Mahmud ibn Imad ad-Din Zangi", +"date": "1118-1174", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZantzingerandBorie", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zantzinger & Borie", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZdanevichIlia", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zdanevich, Ilia", +"comment": "Blackwell, Lewis; Twentieth-Century Type, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1992. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZeichnungKGärtner", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zeichnung K. Gärtner", +"comment": "Brandenburg, Hugo; Ancient Churches of Rome From the Fourth to the Seventh Century, English edition, Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2005. ", +"date": "active early 21st century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZekkaiChushin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zekkai, Chushin", +"comment": "Toda, Teisuke and Toshio Ebine; Suibokuga to Chusei Emaki, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. ", +"date": "14th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZemurraySamandSarah", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zemurray, Sam and Sarah", +"comment": "Turner, Suzanne and A.J. Meek; Gardens of Louisiana: Places of Work and Wonder, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997. Louisiana horticulturalists", +"date": "active after 1928", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZengFanzhi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zeng, Fanzhi", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Wuhan, Hubei Province; graduated 1991 from the Hubei Academy of Fine Arts", +"date": "b. 1964", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZengHao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zeng, Hao", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter, attended the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing.", +"date": "active ca. 1995", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZengMi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zeng, Mi", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZengXi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zeng, Xi", +"comment": "Fong, Wen; Between Two Cultures: Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Chinese Paintings From the Robert H. Ellsworth Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; New Haven: Metropolitan Museum of Art; Yale University Press, 2001. ", +"date": "1861-1930", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZengYouhe", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zeng, Youhe", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z32y34h27 Alternate names: Tseng Yu-ho, 曾幼荷 Modern period Painter, traditional and modern schools. Born in Beijing. Pupil of Pu Chin and graduate of Furen College of Fine Arts. Professor at the University of Hawaii, Honolulu. --Seymour", +"date": "1923 -", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZengZhaoxin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zeng, Zhaoxin", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Guangdong Province; alternate name: 曾照欣", +"date": "born 1937", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZeroArtGroup", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zero Art Group", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist group formed during the '85 avant-garde movement.", +"date": "active ca. 1985", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZeroDimension", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zero Dimension", +"comment": "Schimmel, Paul. Out of Actions: Between Performance the the Object, 1949-1979. Los Angeles, Calif. : The Museum of Contemporary Art New York : Thames and Hudson, 1998. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZeroPlus", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zero Plus", +"comment": "Chueca, Pilar; Sustainable Homes, Barcelona: Links, 2009. Architecture and design studio founded in 1999 by Joshua Brewaart and Lisa Chun and based in Seattle, Washington.", +"date": "active 1999-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZeunerCharles", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zeuner, Charles", +"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. ", +"date": "active 1851-1858", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhanJianjun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhan, Jianjun", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhanLuqi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhan, Luqi", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhanWang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhan, Wang", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Beijing; graduated 1988 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1962", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangBaibo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Baibo", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Shandong, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 张白波", +"date": "born 1944", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangChenglong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Chenglong", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36c36l43 Alternate names: Chang Ch'eng-lung, 張成龍 Ming dynasty From Hunan province. Painted landscapes and figures. --Seymour ", +"date": "first half 17th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangDaqian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Daqian", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36d22q24 Alternate names: Chang Ta-ch'ien, 張大千 Modern (b Neijiang, Sichuan Province, 10 May 1899; d Taipei, 2 April 1983). Chinese painter, calligrapher, collector and forger. From an artistic family, he began to paint under the tutelage of his mother, Ceng Yi, and did his first paid painting for the local fortune-teller when he was 12 years old. Zhang’s elder sister gave him his first lessons in the classics. At 15 he embarked on three years of schooling at the Qiujing Academy in Chongqing. In 1917 he went to Kyoto in Japan to join his elder brother Zhang Shanzi (1882–1940). Here, Daqian learnt the art of textile painting, and the brothers collaborated in painting tigers: Shanzi painted the animals and Daqian the surroundings. Shanzi kept a pet tiger in the house, using it as his artistic model. In 1919 Zhang returned to China, where he continued his studies in Shanghai with the scholar Ceng Xi. He also studied with the artist Li Ruiqing (1867–1920) and was exposed to Li’s calligraphy in seal script (zhuanshu), based on models of the Zhou to Wei periods (c. 1050 bc– ad 265), as well as running script (xingshu) and regular script (kaishu). Although Zhang was not primarily a calligrapher, he developed his own personal style: his characters are intentionally splayed and awkward and elements within a character lean in unexpected directions. During his time in Shanghai, Zhang entered a Buddhist temple in Songjiang and only then received the name Daqian. However, after three months he left monastic life and went home to Sichuan Province, where he was married. Zhang remained in Sichuan until the death of his father in 1925. During this period he concentrated on the painters Zhu Da and Daoji, discovering a particular affinity with the latter. He was able to imitate these painters so effectively that he could add forged seals and signatures to paintings and fool experienced connoisseurs. Such imitative paintings by Zhang may still be circulating unacknowledged among art collectors, and there is no doubt that various major museums own Chinese ‘old masters’ that were, in fact, painted by Zhang. Other artists whom Zhang copied range from the 10th-century Dong Yuan and Juran to the 13th- and 14th-century artists Ni Zan and Huang Gongwang. In 1929 Zhang joined the selection committee for the first National Exhibition of Fine Arts in Nanjing and two years later, with his brother Shanzi, accompanied an exhibition of early Chinese paintings to Tokyo. In 1933 he exhibited his works abroad for the first time at the Musée du Jeu de Paume in Paris and attracted the notice of foreign critics. The following year he exhibited in China at Beiping (Beijing) and Nanjing. By 1936 he was teaching at the National Central University in Nanjing under the painter Xu Beihong. In 1940 Zhang organized a group to travel to Dunhuang in Gansu Province and copy the Buddhist wall paintings. In two and a half years they completed over 200 paintings, which were exhibited in 1944 in Chengdu and Chongqing. Consequently, religious motifs executed in fine outline and filled with coloured wash became a staple of Zhang’s painting. By this time, Zhang had begun to work with the theme of the lotus. He painted lotuses from every angle, at every stage of growth, in formats ranging from small to monumental. His lotus paintings frequently feature expanses of pitch-black ink wash, which contrast starkly with the white paper beneath, and flashes of brilliant colour swirling to the surface at a point of focus (see fig.). The running colours of his lotus paintings perhaps inspired his distinctive imaginative landscapes. In these, bold panels of ink are laid on a wet page and spread to form natural patterns; sometimes a brilliant turquoise and inky black are juxtaposed, and sometimes an intense colour merges with the naked page. Blank spaces become waterfalls or rising clouds, the outlines of roofs suggest peaks, or a bridge over a curved space intimates a path. As simple washes these paintings would be considered abstract, but by adding a few strokes Zhang placed them in the tradition of Chinese landscape painting. In 1945 Zhang exhibited his works in Chengdu and was included in a UNESCO show of contemporary art that travelled to Paris, London, Prague and Geneva. From then on he exhibited every year, frequently abroad. From 1950 to 1952 he and his family visited India, where he studied the Ajanta cave paintings. In 1952 he moved to Argentina, and two years later to Brazil. Always unconventional, with his archaic Chinese dress and old-fashioned wispy beard, wherever he travelled he was accompanied by a retinue of exotic beasts and a gourmet chef, and wherever he settled he built a Chinese garden. By 1960 Zhang’s works were well known in Paris and had travelled to most other European capitals. In the 1960s he began to exhibit more frequently in Hong Kong and had the first of many exhibitions in Southeast Asia. In 1967 he had his first of many shows at the National Museum of History in Taipei. By 1980 he had re-established contact with mainland China, although no exhibitions of his works were held there until after his death. --DOA", +"date": "1899 - 1983", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangDianyu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Dianyu", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Fenghua, Zhejiang Province; member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 张奠宇 ", +"date": "born 1929", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangDunli", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Dunli", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36d45l32 Alternate names: Chang Tun-li (Chang Hsün-li; Zhang Xunli), 張敦禮 Song dynasty A native of Bianliang (modern Kaifeng), Henan Province, and son-in-law of the Northern Song (960–1127) emperor Zhezong (reg 1086–1100)...specialized in a Six Dynasties (ad 222–589) style of figure painting. --DOA", +"date": "active ca. 1190-1194", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangFangru", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Fangru", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36f24r33 Alternate names: Chang Fang-ju, 張芳汝 Yuan dynasty, unrecorded Painted landscapes and figures. --Seymour", +"date": "Yuan dynasty", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangFangxia", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Fangxia", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Chang Fang-hsia ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangFeng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Feng", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36f27 Alternate names: Chang Feng, 張風 Qing dynasty (b Shangyuan, Shengzhou (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province); fl c. 1645–62). Chinese painter, poet, seal-carver and government official. Like many of his literati colleagues, he remained loyal to the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) after it had been overthrown by the Manchus and withdrew from office to live as a Buddhist recluse. He led a life of relative poverty, occasionally enjoying the patronage of the nobility, which allowed him to pursue a variety of scholarly activities. In his paintings he concentrated on landscapes, flowers and figures. A contemporary of the Eight Masters of Nanjing (see Nanjing school), Zhang remained an independent artist in the cultured milieu of the south. Initially, he was influenced by the painters of the Yuan period (1279–1368), notably Huang Gongwang and Ni Zan, and emulated their subjective expressionism and daring brushwork, as for example in Figure between Rocks and a Twisted Tree (1648; Hong Kong, Chin. U.). Around 1650 Zhang travelled to Beijing to visit the temples of the north. After he returned to Nanjing his main sources of inspiration became such painters of the Northern Song period (960–1127) as Li Tang. Zhang based his landscapes on the monumentalism of the Song painters, especially as they were interpreted by Tang Yin during the late 15th century and early 16th, and he developed a descriptive style that was massive and crammed with detail, as in Listening to the Sound of Autumn in a Misty Grove (1657; Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.). Zhang often appended the six characters ‘Zhen xiang Fo kong si hai’ (‘To the true incense Buddha all is emptiness within the four oceans’) to his works, of which about 20 have been preserved. --DOA", +"date": "ca. 1645 - 1674", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangFu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Fu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36f32 Alternate names: Chang Fu, 張復(復陽) Ming dynasty From Zhejiang province. Painted Daoist subjects and landscapes in the style of Wu Chen. --Seymour", +"date": "1403 - 1490", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangHerong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Herong", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangHong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Hong", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36h33 Alternate names: Chang Hung, 張宏 Ming dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 1577; d ca. 1652). Chinese painter. Zhang was an educated man who attempted the official examinations but failed as a scholar and painted to support himself and his large family. He was a prolific and versatile painter who is best known for landscapes but also did figure compositions and animals, especially water buffalo. Many of his landscape paintings are topographical in character, depicting actual places; for instance, he travelled in eastern Zhejiang Province during spring 1639 and on his return painted an album of views of the region. In contrast to other Suzhou artists, Zhang did not use established compositional conventions and type-forms or the manner of some earlier master; instead he portrayed the scenes more as they appeared, adapting his representational means flexibly to the appearance of the scenery. This approach was not typical of his time, and his images were labelled strange and unusual. One of Zhang Hong’s earliest paintings, Landscape of Shixie Hill (1613; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), depicts a hill in northern Zhejiang. He painted the scene for his elder brother, basing the image on a composition commonly used by painters of the Suzhou-based Wu school. Zhang departed from convention, however, in the way he depicted mountains and their vegetation together as a coherent unit, showing trees receding convincingly in space and rendering bamboo groves in a naturalistic manner. It was more common for Chinese painters of the time to depict vegetation and rocks as separate entities appearing to rest upon, rather than grow or jut from, the earth masses. Two works of the 1620s show a different character: Night Ascent of Huazi Hill (handscroll, 1625; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) and an album, Zhi Garden (1627; dispersed). Night Ascent shows the 8th-century poet Wang Wei walking in the mountains on a winter night near his villa south of the capital Chang’an (now Xi’an, Shaanxi Province). The image is unique in Chinese painting: it shows a long ridge, beginning in the foreground, which winds gently upward to a vantage point upon which Wang Wei and two servants stand admiring the moon. The ease with which the viewer can follow the path to the top, the foreshortening of the hill, the seemingly natural way in which trees obscure houses and the evocative depiction of mist that blurs distinctions between one form and another combine to create a painterly effect quite different from the additive, analytical method of typical Chinese landscape painting. The Zhi Garden album, consisting of 20 leaves, is a systematic visual exploration of a garden in Suzhou. The first leaf, Whole View of the Zhi Garden (ink and colours on paper; Muzzano, priv. col., see Cahill, Distant Mountains, pl. 4), presents an elevated view of the whole site, complete with waterways, pavilions and garden walls. Subsequent leaves show scenes of the approach and interior of the garden, such that the viewer seems to move progressively through the setting. Garden paintings were a speciality of some Suzhou masters; bird’s-eye views and albums of selected garden scenes were also common (see also Garden, §VI, 1). Zhang Hong’s approach was unprecedented in that he successfully combined an analytical view of the component parts of the garden in the individual leaves with a synthesis of all the parts in Whole View. In the first leaf he suggests a consistent ground plane, a reasonably consistent angle of view and houses and trees that become smaller and less distinct as they near a gently curving horizon. The source for this apparently radical conception probably lies in European townscape prints, such as Georg Braun and Franz Hogenberg’s Civitatis urbis terrarum (1572–1617), a six-volume atlas of views and plans, which were introduced into Suzhou and Nanjing in the late Ming period by the Jesuits. Wind in the Pines at Mt Gouqu (1650; Boston, MA, Mus. F.A., see fig.) is a fine example of Zhang Hong’s later work. His departure from traditional Chinese landscape conventions is even more pronounced here than in Landscape of Shixie Hill, which still relied to some extent on a restructuring of the terrain. Distant land forms that would have been impossible to see from a single viewpoint were brought into the composition by placing them above the nearer hills. In Mt Gouqu Zhang relied less on such reorganization and produced an image that is consistent with the actual experience of viewing a landscape; he also used light washes of green and red–brown in addition to ink to approximate the soft hues, highlights and shaded hollows of verdant hills. Such techniques were discernible in the works of the 13th-century painter Xia Gui and early Ming period (1368–1644) artist Tang Yin, but, in contrast, Zhang reworked their methods in this painting in an emphatically naturalistic way. Despite Zhang’s innovations, Chinese critics seldom rated him above the miaopin (third, ‘marvellous class’) or neng pin (lowest, ‘capable class’) of painter as defined in the 9th century. This was because Zhang possessed few of the commendable traits, such as disciplined brushwork, adherence to Yuan period (1279–1368) models or standard compositional structures admired by the orthodox literati of the time. Much of his work was dismissed by his contemporaries as vulgar and popularist, but modern critics admire his innovative and naturalistic manner. --DOA", +"date": "1577 - ca. 1652", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangHongzhan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Hongzhan", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Dalian, Liaoning Province; graduated from the Luxun Academy of Fine Arts, Shenyang.", +"date": "b. 1942", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangHuang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Huang", +"comment": "Clunas, Craig; Empire of Great Brightness: Visual and Material Cultures of Ming China, 1368-1644, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2007. ", +"date": "1527-1608", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangJianjun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Jianjun", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", +"date": "active ca. 1980s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangJianwen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Jianwen", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Mengxian, Henan Province; specializes in woodcut; alternate name: 张建文", +"date": "born 1921", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangKeduan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Keduan", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist and sculptor, born in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, graduated 1985 from Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou.", +"date": "b. 1960", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangLin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Lin", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Chang Lin", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangLing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Ling", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36l39 Alternate names: Chang Ling, 張靈 Ming dynasty From Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Neighbor and friend of Tang Yin. Painted figures, landscapes, flowers, and birds. --Seymour", +"date": "active ca. 1510", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangLu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Lu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36l45 Alternate names: Chang Lu, 張路 Ming dynasty (b Bianliang (now Kaifeng), Henan Province, 1464; d 1538). Chinese painter. A member of a wealthy family, he was acquainted with the works of Dai Jin and Wu Wei and, despite his northern origins, is recognized as a follower of the Zhe school. His paintings were highly appreciated in his own time, especially in the north, according to Wang Shizhen, who described him as a follower of Wu Wei excelling in ‘firmness and muscular strength’ but lacking some of Wu’s ‘refinement and freedom’. A biography by Zhang’s friend Zhu Ankan included some of Zhang’s own comments on painting. He believed there were few true connoisseurs of art, past or present, because so few people knew how to paint, and it was not possible for such people, even those of the greatest natural genius, to understand anything about painting. Even less likely was it that people who did not know how to paint could appreciate or even apprehend the strength or weakness of brushwork or the clearness or muddiness of ink-wash tonalities. According to Zhu, Zhang painted from nature, contemplating and searching for a true understanding before beginning to paint, then using his brush ‘as Heaven created all things, without stopping from beginning to end’ (Barnhart, pp. 372–3). By the end of the Ming period (1368–1644), however, other critics vilified Zhang’s work; He Liangjun (1506–73), for example, wrote of Jiang Song and Wang Zhi of Nanjing and Zhang Lu of the north that he would be ashamed to wipe his table with their paintings. A number of paintings by Zhang exist in collections in China and elsewhere; other works not yet identified may prove to be his. Generally large and executed in ink and ink wash on silk, they show a sure use of colour as well. Two Women Looking at Paintings (Princeton U., NJ, A. Mus.), unsigned but here attributed to Zhang, shows a mastery of figure painting on a large scale in a landscape setting. The magnificent Eagle Stooping on a Hare in Winter, signed Pingshan (Nanjing, Jiangsu Prov. Mus.), shows Zhang’s skill in transforming a Song-period (960–1279) subject into his favourite ink-wash idiom. --DOA", +"date": "ca. 1464 - ca.1538", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangMao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Mao", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36m26 Alternate names: Chang Mao, 張茂 Song dynasty From Hangzhou, Zhejiang province. Member of Academy of Painting. Painted landscapes, birds, and flowers. --Seymour", +"date": "active ca. 1190 - 1204", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangMingqi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Mingqi", +"comment": "He, Li and Michael Knight; Power and Glory: Court Arts of China's Ming Dynasty, San Francisco: Asian Art Museum, 2008. A native of Jiaxing, Zhejiang province, he was recognized by his contemporaries as one of the Four Distinguished Craftsmen for his skills in making hand warmers and incense burners.", +"date": "ca. 1580-1630", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangMinjie", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Minjie", +"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. ", +"date": "born 1959", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangNian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Nian", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", +"date": "b. 1964", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangPeili", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Peili", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province; educated at the Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts.", +"date": "b. 1957", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangPing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Ping", +"comment": "Laing, Ellen Johnston; Winking Owl: Art from the People's Republic of China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988 (0520060970). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangQun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Qun", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangRiyao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Riyao", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese postal designer", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangRuitu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Ruitu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36r35t38 Alternate names: Chang Jui-t'u, 張瑞圖 Ming dynasty (b Jinjiang District, Fujian Province, 1570; d April/May ?1641). Chinese calligrapher, painter and poet. He received his jinshi degree in 1607, eventually becoming Grand Secretary in 1626. In 1629 Zhang was implicated in the crimes of the corrupt eunuch Wei Zhongxian, and was stripped of his ranks and sent home a commoner. This has affected his standing as an artist, for despite a manifest talent, he was either ignored or vilified by Chinese art historians. Research in the 20th century has absolved him of collusion, however, and his artistic standing has been restored. Although little appreciated at home, Zhang was recognized during his lifetime by the Japanese, owing to the particular relationship of the Japanese at that time with the province of Fujian, where Zhang retired. Chinese Chan (Jap. Zen) Buddhist monks from Mt Huangbi (Jap. Ōbaku), Fujian, were exporting their sect to Japan and training monks to be sent there. Zhang had by this time become a Chan Buddhist, as one of his seals and his writings attest. There are large numbers of Zhang’s works in Japanese collections, thanks partly to the presence of his daughter in Osaka and partly to the monks, who imported his calligraphy. Zhang is usually classified as one of the four masters of late Ming (1368–1644) calligraphy, with Xing Tong (1551–1612), Mi Wanzhong (1570–1628) and Dong Qichang. Most of his writing is in running script (xingshu), cursive script (caoshu) and small regular script (xiao kaishu). The models he followed in early years were Wang Xizhi, Sun Guoting and Su Shi; Dong Qichang was another influence. His large calligraphy is closer to his more eccentric juniors Wang Duo (1592–1652) and Fu Shan. Wang and Fu based their exaggerations on specific Western Jin-period (ad 265–316) sources, however; Zhang’s style emerged from his own imagination. In a poem by Li Bai (ad ?701–62) in linked cursive script (see 1977 exh. cat., no. 62), Zhang wields a slanted brush to produce simple, taut, unadorned and angular lines, closely and continuously woven in the columns but separated by wide spaces. Pressure within a character is generally uniform; contrast is produced between words lightly and thinly brushed and those more heavily written. Followed on the left by the sensitive lines of his signature, the whole produces an impression of stability and finesse. Zhang was also a competent landscapist. Biographers mention Huang Gongwang as his model; the paintings themselves are in typical late Ming literati style clearly influenced by Dong Qichang. He was an able poet, particularly fond of Tao Yuanming (ad 365–427) and Bai Juyi (ad 772–846), and much of his calligraphy is his own poetry. --DOA", +"date": "ca. 1659 - after 1644", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangRuji", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Ruji", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangSengyou", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Sengyou", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36s29y34 Alternate names: Chang Seng-yu, 張僧繇 6 Dyn.", +"date": "ca. 500 - 550", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangShengwen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Shengwen", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36s42w27 Alternate names: Chang Sheng-wen, 張勝溫 Song dynasty Another important Buddhist handscroll comes from Dali, in Yunnan. Showing the entire (?local) pantheon and dated 1178, this long handscroll (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) was painted on paper with faint colours by Zhang Shengwen (fl 12th century) in a style close to that of Li Gonglin. The brushwork is highly controlled, and the painting has a dense, linear organization with great attention to detail. The greatest value of this scroll lies in its iconography, which is partly dominated by esoteric Buddhist images and local historical figures, many of whom have not been identified. --DOA", +"date": "early 13th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangSijiao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Sijiao", +"comment": "Vinograd, Richard; Boundaries of the Self: Chinese Portraits, 1600-1900, New York; Victoria, Australia: Press Syndicate of the Cambridge University Press, 1992. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangSixun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Sixun", +"comment": "Vinograd, Richard; Boundaries of the Self: Chinese Portraits, 1600-1900, New York; Victoria, Australia: Press Syndicate of the Cambridge University Press, 1992. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangSongnan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Songnan", +"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese artist associated with the Red Guard's Fine Arts Campaign ", +"date": "born 1942 ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangSongzu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Songzu", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Taixing, Jiangsu Province; member of Shanghai branch of the Chinese Artists' Association, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 张嵩祖", +"date": "born 1935", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangWang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Wang", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). Also published under the name Zhang Zhiping. He joined the League of Left-wing Artists and organized the MK Woodcut Society.", +"date": "1915-1992", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangWeibang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Weibang", +"comment": "Rawski, Evelyn S. and Jessica Rawson; China: The Three Emperors, 1662-1795, London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2005. active as a court painter", +"date": "active ca. 1726-1761", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangXiaofei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Xiaofei", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Shuangcheng, Heilongjiang Province; specializes in oil painting, New Year picture; alternate names: Zhang Ying, Zhang Li, 张晓非", +"date": "1918-1996", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangXiaogang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Xiaogang", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. b. Kunming, Yunnan province, PRC B.A., Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts, 1982", +"date": "b. 1958", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangXinglong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Xinglong", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Chang Hsing-lung", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangXinguo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Xinguo", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangXinrang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Xinrang", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Penglai, Shandong Province, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 张信让", +"date": "born 1925", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangXinying", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Xinying", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese peasant painter in Jinshan region, south of the Yangzi river.", +"date": "active second half 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangXiong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Xiong", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangXueceng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Xueceng", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36x36c29 Alternate names: Chang Hsüeh-ts'eng, 張學曾 Qing dynasty From Zhejiang province. Governor of Suzhou, Jiangsu province. One of the "Nine Friends." Painted landscapes, followed Dong Yuan. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 1630 - 1650", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangYanfu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Yanfu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36y24f32 Alternate names: Chang Yen-fu, 張彥輔 Yuan dynasty Daoist, active in Beijing in the 1340s. Probably died ca. 1350. Painter-in-attendance at the Yuan court. Painted landscapes and horses. --Seymour", +"date": "mid 14th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangYangxi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Yangxi", +"comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. born in Chengdu ", +"date": "1912-1964", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangYin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Yin", +"comment": "Brown, Claudia and Ju-hsi Chou; Transcending Turmoil: Painting at the Close of China's Empire, 1796-1911, Phoenix: Phoenix Art Museum, 1992. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangYizheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Yizheng", +"comment": "Barnhart, Richard M; Painters of the great Ming: the Imperial Court and the Zhe School, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 1993. Ming dynasty", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangYongjian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Yongjian", +"comment": "China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. Chinese sculptor; graduated 1980 from the art department at Shandong Jining Normal College; works in the sculpture division of the jining Municipal Public Works Department.", +"date": "b. 1958", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangYou", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, You", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Chinese painter in the Ming dynasty", +"date": "active mid 15th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangYu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Yu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36y35 Alternate names: Chang Yü, 張雨 Yuan dynasty Daoist monk. Poet. Calligrapher. Painted landscapes and figures. --Seymour", +"date": "1277 - 1348", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangYuanfan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Yuanfan", +"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province", +"date": "born 1952", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangYucai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Yucai", +"comment": "Fong, Wen C.; Beyond Representation, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1992. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangYuehu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Yuehu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36y38h35 Alternate names: Chang Yüeh-hu, 張月壺 Yuan dynasty", +"date": "late Song - Yuan", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangZhenqi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Zhenqi", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Heilongjiang Province; council member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 张祯麒", +"date": "born 1934", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangZhunxia", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Zhunxia", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Chang Chun-hsia ", +"date": "active mid 20th century ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangZuoliang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhang, Zuoliang", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Shandong, council member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 张作良", +"date": "born 1927", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoBandi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Bandi", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Beijing; graduated 1988 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1963", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoBoju", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Boju", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37b38j36 Alternate names: Chao Po-chü, 趙伯駒 Song dynasty (b Zhuo xian, Hebei Province, before 1123; d 1160–73). Chinese painter. His paintings of landscapes, figures, flowers, fruit and birds apparently ranged in size and format from large screens to handscrolls, album leaves and fans. The critic Zhao Xigu ( fl 1180–1240) considered Zhao Boju the best of all Southern Song (1127–1279) painters. However, no authentic work by Zhao Boju survives, leaving the question of his style open to interpretation. Zhao Boju and his younger brother, Zhao Bosu, also a painter, were 7th-generation descendants of the founder of the Song dynasty (960–1279), Emperor Taizu (reg 960–75). When Emperor Gaozong (reg 1127–62) was presented with a fan painting done by Zhao Boju, he was enormously pleased. On meeting Zhao in person and discovering him to be a kinsman, he addressed him as ‘royal cousin’ and assigned him the title of Military Commander of the eastern Zhejiang circuit, an office the short-lived Zhao held until his death. The Emperor commissioned Zhao to paint the screens for the hall called the Jiying dian and is known often to have inscribed Zhao’s works. The Zhao brothers reportedly believed that ‘each artist ought to have his own sense of style within his breast, so that his spirit emerges spontaneously, and the work will exude a taste that is pure, refined and remote, unbounded by the formal conditions of the objects.’ This is in keeping with the literati belittlement of physical verisimilitude and stress on the supremacy of expression, according to which a painter should attempt to capture the inner essence of the subject more than its outer form. Zhuang Su ( fl 12th–13th century) described Zhao Boju’s handscroll On the Yangzi River in the Sixth Lunar Month, bearing the imperial autograph, as imbued with the ‘flavour and air of Dong Yuan and Wang Sheng [1072–after 1149]’. This indicates landscape painting with a Southern school affiliation, rather than in the Academy style. Zhao’s landscapes may have been of gentle earthen mounds with soft, rounded contours, in a continuation of the Jiangnan (south China) style promoted in the early 12th century by the great critic and spokesman for the literati, Mi Fu. Although the Zhao brothers were not members of the Imperial Painting Academy, they were pre-eminent in Southern Song painting circles, excelling in coloured (qinglü) landscapes (usually associated with the Northern school) and figure painting. In the Yuan period (1279–1368) Xia Wenyan included bamboo and rocks in Zhao Boju’s area of expertise and said that by gazing at Zhao’s figure painting aspects of the sitters’ personalities could be appreciated. However, these claims may typify a common tendency to exaggerate Zhao’s abilities that became pronounced following the master’s death, in response to the great demand for, and lack of, his works. Indeed, it seems that by the Yuan many attributions to Zhao were already spurious. Despite the scarcity of his works, many poems and encomia were written by critics on works ascribed to him. The composition most modern scholars associate with Zhao Boju is that of the stunning anonymous handscroll Jiangshan qiuse tujuan (‘Handscroll of mountain and river autumn colours’; colours on silk; Beijing, Pal. Mus.). This title first appears in the 18th-century imperial catalogue Shiqu baoji, where the attribution to Zhao follows that made by Zhu Biao (1355–92) in 1375, based simply on its being a coloured landscape. In fact, the structure and perspective of the work link it to paintings such as a Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains (Beijing, Pal. Mus.) by Wang Ximeng (1096–1119), produced under Emperor Huizong (reg 1101–25). Jiangshan qiuse tujuan may offer a glimpse of what Zhao saw, but perhaps not of what he painted. --DOA", +"date": "active ca. 1150", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoBosu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Bosu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37b38s57 Alternate names: Chao Po-su, 趙伯驌 Song dynasty Zhao Boju and his younger brother, Zhao Bosu, also a painter, were 7th-generation descendants of the founder of the Song dynasty (960–1279), Emperor Taizu (reg 960–75). The Zhao brothers reportedly believed that ‘each artist ought to have his own sense of style within his breast, so that his spirit emerges spontaneously, and the work will exude a taste that is pure, refined and remote, unbounded by the formal conditions of the objects.’ This is in keeping with the literati belittlement of physical verisimilitude and stress on the supremacy of expression, according to which a painter should attempt to capture the inner essence of the subject more than its outer form. Although the Zhao brothers were not members of the Imperial Painting Academy, they were pre-eminent in Southern Song painting circles, excelling in coloured (qinglü) landscapes (usually associated with the Northern school) and figure painting. --DOA", +"date": "1124 - 1182", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoBuzhi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Buzhi", +"comment": "Masterpieces of Chinese Figure Painting in the National Palace Museum (Gu gong ren wu hua xuan cui), Taipei: National Palace Museum, 1973. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoChunxiang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Chunxiang", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoDaheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Daheng", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37d22h32 Alternate names: Chao Ta-heng, 趙大亨 Song dynasty Servant of Zhao Boju, whom he imitated closely particularly in the gold and green manner. Hi pictures are often taken for his master's works. --Seymour", +"date": "mid 12th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoGunhan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Gunhan", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Chao Kun-han", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoKexiong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Kexiong", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37k27x32 Alternate names: Chao K'o-hsiung, 趙克敻 Northern Song dynasty Member of the Royal House of Song. Painted fish. --Seymour", +"date": "Northern Song", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoKui", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Kui", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37k39 Alternate names: Chao K'uei, 趙葵 Song dynasty From Hunan province. Poet and prominent official. Held title of Duke of Qi. Painted plum blossoms. --Seymour", +"date": "1186 - 1266", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoLin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Lin", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37l38 Alternate names: Chao Lin, 趙麟 Song dynasty Painter in reign of Emperor Xidong. --Seymour", +"date": "d. ca. 1367", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoLingrang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Lingrang", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37l39r23 Alternate names: Chao Ling-jang (Chao Ta-nien; Zhao Danian), 趙令禳 (趙大年) Song dynasty (fl c. 1070–c. 1100). Chinese painter. He was a fifth-generation descendant of Emperor Taizu (reg 960–76), founder of the Song dynasty (960–1279). Although such official titles as Regional Defense Commandant were bestowed on Zhao, his chief preoccupation seems to have been painting. His noble status allowed him a life of luxury and learning, but restricted his movements to the environs of the capital city, Bianliang (modern Kaifeng), Henan Province. Song critics saw this lack of physical freedom as bearing upon his narrow range of landscape subjects, mainly small, intimate views (xiao jing) of misty river landscapes. Though Zhao also painted small ink-bamboo subjects after his eminent contemporary Su Shi, it was through landscape painting that he gained his reputation and made his mark on the lyrical style of the Southern Song period (1127–1279). Zhao was a student of Tang (ad 618–907) painting, especially the work of Wang wei, the venerated poet–painter whose technical innovation of ‘broken ink’ ( pomo) contributed to the development of a more expressive landscape style. Zhao’s familiarity with Wang’s style and poetic sensibility may account for similarities that have been noted in the paintings attributed to the two artists. Significantly, Zhao’s contemporary, the esteemed critic–connoisseur Mi Fu, judged some of Zhao’s small snow landscape paintings comparable to works by Wang. However, since no extant works are securely attributed to Wang, and since literary descriptions of his style are vague and inconclusive, it is difficult to determine the extent of his influence upon Zhao. The most important painting by Zhao is the signed handscroll Jiang xiang qing xia (‘Summer mist along the lake shore’; Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.; see fig.). One colophon is by Dong Qichang, the great Ming painter and connoisseur, who was an admirer of Zhao. The painting recalls aspects of Zhao’s work mentioned in the Xuanhe huapu (‘Xuanhe collection of painting’; preface 1120): ‘In his paintings there are the charms of low embankments and lakes, shady groves, vaporous clouds, ducks and geese: they have an air of spaciousness and ease.’ From the opening scene the viewer is drawn in a continuous, relaxed movement through a rustic landscape; directional motifs include paths, meandering river banks and trailing mists. The horizontality and sense of spatial flow in the composition contrast with the verticality and spatial shifts in the landscapes of the earlier Li–Guo (Li Cheng and Guo Xi) tradition, in which nature is presented as monumental rather than circumscribed. Prior to Zhao, never in Chinese landscape painting had place and time seemed so palpable. The atmosphere and mood so essential to Zhao’s vision are conveyed by certain brush techniques: feathery, almost pointillist brushwork describes foliage and grass, and pale, transparent washes heighten a sense of ephemerality. A small landscape in ink and colours on silk (Nara, Yamato Bunkakan), representing a marshy river scene in autumnal morning mist, is believed to be a section cut from a handscroll by Zhao. In composition, it echoes a portion of the Boston scroll where a foreground willow tree gently bends towards the river’s opposite shore. However, perhaps because the season is autumn, the fragment has a more melancholy feel. Technique in the two works is also similar, though the brushwork in the Boston scroll is more descriptive of detail. After Zhao’s death, his style was still practised with fidelity in the Southern Song period as exemplified by an album leaf in ink and colours on silk, Cottages in a Misty Grove in Autumn (Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.), signed and dated 1177 by Li Anzhong, a painter of the Imperial Academy. This work could almost be mistaken for a work by Zhao were it not for the signature. Then at the end of the 12th century, Ma Yuan (see Ma, (1)) and Xia gui integrated Zhao’s innovations into their own style to create the dominant tradition of the Southern Song Academy. In landscape, this style stressed small-scale but spatially expansive views of nature; atmospheric effects; impressionistic and wet brush techniques; and, above all, lyrical mood. The essence of Southern Song landscape painting is unimaginable without Zhao’s prior achievement. --DOA", +"date": "active ca. 1070 -1100", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoMei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Mei", +"comment": "China Publications Center; Modern Chinese Woodcuts, Beijing: Guozi Shudian, 1965. alternate name: Chao Mei", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoMengjian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Mengjian", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37m29j26 Alternate names: Chao Meng-chien, 趙孟堅 Song dynasty Though written in regular script, Couplet from a Poem by Han Hong displays important stylistic affinities with Three Poems on the Painting of Ink Plum Blossoms and Bamboo (1260; New York, Met.), one of two extant works by Zhao Mengjian (1199–1265), a descendant of the Song royal family; the other is a handscroll of his calligraphy (Shanghai, Mus.). Zhao was most famous for his ink monochrome paintings. Zhao’s calligraphy displays the angular brushwork of Ouyang Xun and the rapid movement of Li Yong (ad 678–747), executed with the fluent tip action of the brush characteristic of Mi Fu. The calligraphy of Emperor Lizong and of Zhao Mengjian established a bridge between the art of the imperial family and that of the scholar–officials, or literati. In both of their works there was a revival of methods used before and during the Tang period and a display of technical virtuosity and elegance of form representative of the earlier southern calligraphic tradition. These developments were to play an important formative role in the calligraphy of the enormously influential artist Zhao Mengfu (a cousin of Zhao Mengjian) during the Yuan period (ad 1279–1368; see §(v)(a) below). --DOA", +"date": "1199 - 1295", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoNengzhi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Nengzhi", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Nanjing, Sichuan Province; graduated 1990 from the Sichuan Institute of Fine Arts, Chongqing; lives and works in Chengdu.", +"date": "b. 1968", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoQiI", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Qi (I)", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37q22 Alternate names: Chao Ch'i, 趙麒 Ming dynasty Painted landscapes and figures in the style of Ma Yuan. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 1488 - 1505", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoQiII", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Qi (II)", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37q225 Alternate names: Chao Ch'i, 趙淇 Yuan dynasty From Hunan province. Second son of Zhao Kui. Wrote music and literature. Painted bamboo. --Seymour", +"date": "1238 - 1306", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoQiIII", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Qi (III)", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. Chinese painter from Suzhou, Jiangsu who studied with Wu Changshi in Shanghai; specialized in flower painting and running script calligraphy that he learned directly from Wu.", +"date": "1874-1955", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoQiong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Qiong", +"comment": "Wu Tung; Tales From the Land of Dragons: 1,000 Years of Chinese Painting, Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1997. ", +"date": "13th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoShaoang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Shao'ang", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. Chinese painter, born in Panyu, Guangdong; studied with Gao Qifeng of the Lingnan School; later settled permanently in Hong Kong.", +"date": "1905-1998", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoShilei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Shilei", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37s43l28 Alternate names: Chao Shih-lei, 趙士雷 Song dynasty Member of the Imperial house of SOng. Official in Guangdong province. Painted river scenery, flowers, and bamboo. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 1098 - 1150", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoShou", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Shou", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoTong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Tong", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoWangyun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Wangyun", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. Chinese painter who specialized in depicting scenes of peasants and rural life from some of the poorest regions in northern China. ", +"date": "1906-1977", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoWenliang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Wenliang", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter, founding member of Anonymous (No Name) Painting Group.", +"date": "active ca. 1960-1980", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoXiaomo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Xiaomo", +"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Shanghai", +"date": "born 1949", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoYan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Yan", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37y24 Alternate names: Chao Yen, 趙巖 Five dynasties Son-in-law of Emperor Taizu. Collector and connoisseur. Painted figures and horses. --Seymour", +"date": "d. 922", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoYannian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Yannian", +"comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. Zhao was born in Huzhou, Zhejiang. His special genius lies in psychological portraits,which often take writings of Lu Xun for his subjects.", +"date": "born 1924", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoYong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Yong", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37y33 Alternate names: Chao Yung, 趙雍 Yuan dynasty (b Wuxing, Zhejiáng Province, 1289; d c. 1364). Son of (1) Zhao Mengfu. Because of his father’s high position at the court of the Mongol Yuan dynasty, Zhao Yong was early given an official position and continued to serve as an official throughout his life, eventually as a military commander in Wuxing. He probably died during the last years of the Yuan period (1279–1368), when a number of rebel armies contended with one another for control in the area of his command. Strongly influenced by his father, he was an accomplished painter of many subjects popular with masters of the early Yuan period, including landscape, horses, figures, palaces, and birds and flowers, and he was occasionally summoned to the Yuan court to paint. Among his surviving works the most notable are a number of landscape and horse paintings. One of the best known is Secluded Fishing among Streams and Mountains (hanging scroll on silk, Cleveland, OH, Dean Perry priv. col.), which depicts a gentleman fishing in a boat near trees and rocks in the foreground that are separated by an expanse of water from mountains in the distance. Similar compositional ideas, some without the fisherman, are also seen in a number of landscapes, executed on fans (e.g. Beijing, Pal. Mus. and Shenyang, Liaoning Prov. Mus.). These show the strong influence of the 10th-century artist Dong yuan: long, wavy, hemp-fibre strokes ( pima cun) are used to texture the rocks and mountains. Among his horse paintings, the most interesting is Noble Steeds (hanging scroll, 1352; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), which employs the Blue-and-green style that imitates the use of bright colours, mostly Blue-and-green, in Tang-period (ad 618–907) landscape painting, as an expression of admiration for archaic painting styles. A number of paintings depicting young gentlemen in red coats on horseback (e.g. Beijing, Pal. Mus. and Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) also seem to try to capture the elegance of the Tang period. Although all Zhao’s works, including collaborative works executed with other family members show his versatility, he was always overshadowed artistically by his father. --DOA", +"date": "ca. 1289 - ca.1362", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoYuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Yuan", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37y37 Alternate names: Chao Yuan, 趙原 Yuan dynasty From Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Painted landscapes in the style of Dong Huang, and bamboo. __Seymour", +"date": "ca. 1360 - 1375", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoZheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Zheng", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoZhiqian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Zhiqian", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37z44q24 Alternate names: Chao Chih-ch'ien, 趙之謙 Qing dynasty (b Kuaiji, Zhejiang Province, 8 Aug 1829; d Nancheng, Jiangxi Province, 18 Nov 1884). Chinese calligrapher, seal-carver, painter and scholar. After his example, it became common for artists to attempt to be competent in painting, calligraphy and seal-carving rather than to specialize in a single discipline. Zhao was one of the greatest artists of the late Qing period (1644–1911), although much of his work displays a disquiet and unbalanced awkwardness that conflicted with Chinese aesthetic values of the time. As a painter, Zhao specialized in plant life. His early work is characterized by soft, detailed brushwork and brilliant, translucent colours. Plants of Zhejiang (1861; Tokyo N. Mus., see Tokyo kukuritsu, p. 162), a set of four hanging scrolls, is one of his early masterpieces: each scroll shows an unusual choice of plants and flowers and an immense range of colours and techniques. In one of the scrolls, the clublike arms of a prickly pear cactus are drawn in wet colour, with thistles added in ink while the paint was still wet; next to this is a complicated web of arched oleander leaves. Against this manipulation of wet colour, with its subtly vibrating edges, the pink and white oleander flowers are opaque. The fact that each composition is cut by the border of the scroll and that many elements within the paintings are interwoven gives a sense that the plants are reaching beyond their confines and enhances the vitality of the work. In contrast, the colours in Zhao’s later paintings are muted; there is an increased use of ink, and the brushwork is more exaggerated. Flowering Plants on Four Scrolls (1874; Tokyo N. Mus.; see Tokyo kukuritsu, p. 164) is a set of four hanging scrolls from this later period. In the scroll that depicts lotus and reed, the colours are dull greens, browns and pale oranges; the use of ink is abundant. The speed of execution is much more rapid than in Zhao’s earlier works, with the result that it is the intensity of the brushwork that makes the greatest impact rather than the vitality of the plants represented. Shen Fucan (1799–1850) taught Zhao empirical methods of research known as kaozhengxue, based on verification of texts through ancient artefacts. This introduction led to his fascination with stelae, which he first copied in 1863 after one of many trips to take the national civil service examinations in Beijing. The stelae had a profound effect on his calligraphy, which hitherto had been soft and rounded. His work acquired a new angularity, and his brushwork became more forceful. This style, which drew its inspiration from stelae of the Northern Wei period (ad 386–534), became so popular that Kang Youwei identified Zhao as responsible for starting a mania. Towards the end of his life, however, Zhao was no longer concerned with assimilating the style of ancient stelae: his late calligraphy displays an angularity, asymmetry and natural movement unique to him. In a set of four hanging scrolls called Poems by Wu Zhen (undated; Tokyo N. Mus.) the individual strokes are blunt and plain, and the size and shape of each character vary constantly. Zhao has dispensed with the idea of distinct columns of characters and instead has fitted each character into its neighbour by expanding the size of the characters, writing them closer together and placing them on different levels. The brushwork is swift and uninhibited, and the overall effect is one of great freedom. Zhao’s early seals were characterized by a slightly wavering, uneven line that shows the influence of the conservative, archaistic tendencies popularized in the late Ming period by Wen Peng (1498–1573). By the late 1860s Zhao had developed his own style: his seals from this period are imaginative and varied in design, with great depth and power of line. In 1872, having put himself into debt to buy a position of expectant magistrate in Jiangxi Province, he arrived to find himself assigned to edit the local gazetteer. It was work that he detested, and Zhao’s dissatisfaction in his job coincided with the curtailment of his artistic activities. He held a succession of official posts until his death in 1884. --DOA", +"date": "1829 - 1884", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoZhunmin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Zhunmin", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Chao Chun-min ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoZongzao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Zongzao", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Jiangsu, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 赵宗藻 ", +"date": "born 1931", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoZuo", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Zuo", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37z66 Alternate names: Chao Tso, 趙左 Ming dynasty (b ?Songjiang [in modern Shanghai Municipality], c. 1570; d ?Tangxi, West Lake region of Hangzhou, c. 1633). Chinese painter and theorist. Zhao studied painting under the landscape painter and calligrapher Song Xu and became the founder of the Yunjian school, one of two groups active in the Songjian region, near Shanghai, during the early 17th century (the other, the Huating school, was led by Dong qichang, the founder and theorist of the Orthodox school of painting). Zhao wrote a short text called Lun hua (‘Discussion of painting’), the first surviving text on landscape painting since the Xie shanshui jue (‘Secrets of describing landscape’), written by Huang Gongwang about three centuries earlier. The essay adheres to Huang’s concerns with dynamic force (shi), natural order (li) and the organization of mountain masses in long, continuous movements within the composition. Zhao Zuo’s text lacks the stern intellectual tone of Dong Qichang’s writing. It offers practical advice for the artist, such as how to sketch houses, trees and bridges in dry brushwork before developing the forms with wet ink, and includes advice on depicting figures, villages and temples, anecdotal elements not often found in Dong’s painting. Indeed, Yunjian school painting in general, and Zhao’s work in particular, is more representational, more relaxed and executed with softer brushstrokes and less dramatic tonal contrast than comparable Huating school works. The trees and earth masses in Zhao’s early painting (e.g. Landscape; hanging scroll, ink and light colours on paper; 1615; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) are rendered with an appreciation for natural growth and geological form rather than as parts of an analytical system of representation using a limited repertory of repeated forms, as in many works of the Orthodox school. The Bamboo Monastery (hanging scroll, ink and light colours on paper; Osaka, Mun. Mus. A.) shows Zhao’s tendency to leave white bands of reserve along the contours of earth and rock, allowing him to suggest complex recessions in depth. He depicted rocks in a decidedly non-Chinese fashion, using varying tones and highlights applied in short, broad strokes to create a sense of volume and weight. Zhao avoided extensive use of ink wash and the long, schematic texture strokes (cun) commonly found in literati painting (see China, §V, 4(ii)). Consequently, Zhao’s landscapes have structural clarity and a convincing interplay of light and shade; the overall effect is painterly, soft and somewhat closer to Western chiaroscuro than to traditional Chinese formalism. Scholars have suggested that European art, in the form of late 16th-century engraved book illustrations, might have influenced Zhao. Between 1612 and 1620, Zhao Zuo became increasingly drawn to the style of the Orthodox school. Although his own work of this period lacked the originality of his earlier paintings, the qualities of his best work—the soft treatment of forms, smoothly flowing masses, occasional naturalism and deft brushwork—continued to appear in the work of Yunjian school painters until the early 18th century. --Seymour", +"date": "active ca. 1600 - 1630", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengDianxian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zheng, Dianxian", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z43d33x24 born in Fujian province; signed his paintings 'Dianxian' (Fallen Immortal) Alternate names: Cheng Tien-hsien, 鄭顛仙; Zheng Wenlin (proper name) Ming dynasty", +"date": "late 15th", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengGuogu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zheng, Guogu", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Yangjiang, Guangdong Province; graduated from the Guangzhou Art Academy; lives and works in Yangjiang.", +"date": "b. 1970", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengMinsheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zheng, Minsheng", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Cheng Min-sheng", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengShiwei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zheng, Shiwei", +"comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Chinese architect", +"date": "active after 2000", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengSixiao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zheng, Sixiao", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z43s55x26 Alternate names: Cheng Ssu-hsiao, 鄭思肖 Yuan dynasty From Fukien province, lived in Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Painted orchids. --Seymour ", +"date": "ca. 1240 - 1310", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengTongxiao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zheng, Tongxiao", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Zheng was born in Daishan, Zhejiang Province. He also specializes in advertising design.", +"date": "born 1930", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengWenlin", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zheng, Wenlin", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. alternate names: Cheng Wen-lin; 郑文林", +"date": "active 16th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengWenying", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zheng, Wenying", +"comment": "Barnhart, Richard M; Painters of the great Ming: the Imperial Court and the Zhe School, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 1993. ", +"date": "first half 15th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengWuchang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zheng, Wuchang", +"comment": "Hai Shang hua pai (Masters of the Shanghai School), Taipei: Art Book Co., Ltd., 1985. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengXie", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zheng, Xie", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z43x27 Alternate names: Cheng Hsieh, 鄭燮 Qing dynasty b Xinghua, Jiangsu Province, 1693; d 1765). Chinese painter, calligrapher and poet. Equally known as Zheng Banqiao, Zheng Xie was, together with Jin Nong, the most prominent of the group of painters referred to as the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou (see Yangzhou school). Although orphaned, he subsequently achieved some success in the official civil service examinations and obtained appointments as a local magistrate in Shandong Province. A brief encounter in 1748 on Mt Tai, Shandong, with the Qianlong emperor (reg 1736–96) won him the coveted title of Official Calligrapher and Painter (shuhuashi), for which he had a seal carved to commemorate the event. The end of his official career came in 1753, following a charge of corruption. After 1753 Zheng Xie led a comfortable life in Xinghua, thanks to his past land acquisitions, farming revenue and commissions from painting and calligraphy. To avoid unnecessary bargaining with his patrons, he posted his famous and highly unorthodox price list, which set the cost of commissioned works by size and at the same time discouraged bargain-hunters and those intent on socializing. A frequent visitor to the neighbouring commercial centre of Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, which he had known in his youth, he became inextricably bound up with its literary and artistic circles. His fame there endured so that even after his death, the possession of a painting or piece of calligraphy by him was considered to be a social prerequisite. Zheng Xie is known primarily for a limited range of painting themes, chiefly bamboo, orchids, and rocks and chrysanthemums. Few of his early works survive; of those that are extant the majority are dated after 1753. While acknowledging his debt to Xu Wei, Daoji and Gao Qipei, three of the most uninhibited artists in the history of Chinese painting, Zheng Xie nonetheless refused to work within the parameters that they set, as demonstrated by the screen painting Ink Bamboo (1753; Tokyo, N. Mus.) and the set of four hanging scrolls entitled Misty Bamboo on a Distant Mountain (see fig.). These works possess a formidable presence, at once bold, structured, poignant and luminous, and they represent a new apex in the art of bamboo painting. Such large, expressive works had few equals before or after, not even among Zheng Xie’s later paintings. These late works display a reductive approach, in which the artist pares all the elements down to the bare bones; there any concern for representation gives way to the sheer impetuosity of the brushstrokes. This phenomenon may be attributed to Zheng’s ever-increasing rate of production, as demands made by his admirers drained not only his energy but also inspiration. Zheng’s penchant for integrating calligraphy with painting to an extent previously unknown is seen in Ink Bamboo. The writing closely borders the bamboo cluster, asserts itself in the pictorial space and sets its own distinctive rhythm against the surging growth of the stems and leaves. In another painting, Cymbidiums, Bamboo and Fungi Growing from Rocks (1761; San Francisco, CA, Asian A. Mus.), the calligraphy is placed within the form of the rocks and is enclosed by them, so that, visually, it functions not in isolation, but is an integral part of the composition. In his calligraphy Zheng combined the running cursive (xingcao) script with bafen (‘eight tenths’) style, a sophisticated form of clerical script (lishu; see China, §IV, 2(vii)). This he named, albeit facetiously, liufenban (‘six and a half tenths’). Praise was heaped on his inscriptions on paintings not only for their calligraphic merit and because they shed light on the creative process, but also because they opened up new possibilities for social comment and criticism. A volume of such inscriptions, Banqiao tihua (‘Inscriptions on paintings by Banqiao’), was edited posthumously by an admirer, Qi Yu. Another compilation, Zheng Banqiao ji (‘Collected works of Zheng Banqiao’), comprises anthologies of his regular (shi) and irregular (ci) verses, his lyrics (daoqing) and a selection of letters to family members. Published between 1742 and 1749, these were written in his own inimitable calligraphy and cut into woodblocks by his follower, Situ Wengao. Paradoxically, Zheng Xie blended a libertine lifestyle with a homespun, Confucian morality and saw little conflict between them. He was cast as an eccentric due to his penchant for mixing with groups as varied as Chan Buddhist monks, Manchu guards and imperial scions as well as for his uninhibited venting of opinions. His acerbic wit, unconventional behaviour and compassion for the downtrodden, together with his artistic achievements, made him a legendary figure. See also China, §V, 3(vi). WRITINGS Qi Yu: ‘Banqiao tihua’ [Inscriptions on paintings by Zheng Xie], Meishu congshu [General collection of works on art] (Taipei, 1947), xvi/2, pp. 125–46 Zheng Banqiao ji [Collected works of Zheng Banqiao] (Shanghai, 1983) --DOA", +"date": "1693 - 1765", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengZhen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zheng, Zhen", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Hefei, Anhui Province; member of the Chinese Artists' Association, council member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association, professor of Anhui Normal University; alternate name: 郑震", +"date": "born 1922", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengZiyan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zheng, Ziyan", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter, part of the No Name group and the Yuyuantan Lake School of Painting (yuyuantan huapai)", +"date": "born 1951 ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Zhiweng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhiweng", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z44w28 Alternate names: Chih-weng, 直翁 Song dynasty Chan Buddhist monk painter. Pupil of the famous Chan monk Zhique. --Seymour", +"date": "early 13th century ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhongLi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhong, Li", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. alternate names: Chung Li; 钟礼", +"date": "active 15th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhongYulong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhong, Yulong", +"comment": "Yang Xiaoneng; Tracing the Past, Drawing the Future: Master Ink Painters in Twentieth-Century China, Milan: Continents Editions, 2010. Chinese calligrapher, alternate names: Yuyun and Yongweng; native to Zhejiang Province where he was a teacher and an editor of the Zhejiang gazetteer. He specialized in the calligraphy style of ancient bronze vessel inscriptions.", +"date": "1880-1970", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhongguoMeishubao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhongguo Meishubao", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese arts newspaper 'Fine Arts in China) of arts criticism and reporting", +"date": "founded in July 1985", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouChen", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhou, Chen", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z46c38 Alternate names: Chou Ch'en, 周臣 Ming dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, c. 1470; d c. 1535). Chinese painter. Zhou Chen was a pre-eminent professional painter of the Ming period (1368–1644), alongside masters such as Dai Jin. Zhou learnt a conservative style based on Southern Song period (1127–1279) landscape painting from his teacher Chen Xian (1405–96), who specialized in the ‘plain-line’ (baimiao) technique of painting. Zhou later taught Tang Yin for whom Zhou is reported to have worked as a ‘ghost painter’, displaying his versatility. An example of Zhou Chen’s technically finished early style is North Sea (handscroll, early 16th century; Kansas City, MO, Nelson–Atkins Mus. A.; see fig.). The influence of 12th-century painting, such as Li Tang’s late works, made during the Southern Song period, can be seen in the strong diagonal composition and the juxtaposition of dark, intricate foliage against lighter eddies and whirlpools of the water. Similarly, the artist’s strict attention to details such as the outline of each leaf, the ‘axe-cut’ texture strokes ( fupi cun) on the rocks and the careful rendering of the figures are devices which properly belong to the 12th century, and they indicate the conservative tastes of Zhou’s early patrons. As Zhou became less dependent on Song models his style grew looser and more individual. Late Ming sources describe his brushwork as ‘free’ and done in a ‘running manner’, a technique in which the brush is not removed from the paper or silk between strokes, so that changes in stroke direction remain evident and the whole has a cursive quality. An example of his later style is Playing the Game Weiqi beneath Pines (1526; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). The attentuated pines that Zhou favours are even more drawn out, and the composition includes other characteristic motifs such as a traveller on a donkey, a servant and a figure holding a staff crossing a bridge. The water is rendered using the ‘fish-net’ pattern of undulating lines that accord with the texture and modelling strokes of foreground earth masses. In Enjoying the Dusk (handscroll, undated; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), the traditional distinction between the manner of rendering natural elements and figures has been eliminated. Compositional unity is achieved by means of brushstrokes rather than ink tones. The painting is characteristic of Zhou’s interest in giving greater emphasis to foreground figures. He is not greatly concerned with the rendering of earth masses, which had been a prominent feature in works by Song period academicians and would be a major concern of later painters inspired by the masters of the Yuan period (1279–1368). Instead, earth masses are often broadly defined and modelled with dots of ink (dian) representing vegetation. The serpentine branches of the foreground pine trees are sometimes indistinguishable from the peaks of the middleground mountains, and their loose contours are echoed in the twisting shapes of the mist. Zhou Chen’s technical expertise and his concern for fluid contour lines appear once again in a set of album leaves (1516), now mounted in two handscrolls, Beggars and Street Characters (Honolulu, HI, Acad. A. and Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.). It consists of a series of portrayals of the poor and underprivileged whom the artist, as he records in an accompanying inscription, often saw in the streets and markets. In the original album format leaves were mounted so as to present the figures in pairs, emphasizing similarities in costume and posture. The drawing is energetic, the angular brushstrokes are ideally suited to the description of the tattered clothes and grimacing faces of Zhou’s subjects. These figures are not the idealized depictions of contented, carefree fishermen and woodgatherers typical of many Chinese genre paintings; they are sympathetic images of urban poor, a subject usually considered vulgar by literati painters and collectors. Perhaps due to the narrow taste of later critics and collectors, such images are rare in Chinese painting, and no other examples of such sensitive and skilful rendering of anatomy exist among Zhou’s oeuvre. --DOA", +"date": "ca. 1500 - 1535", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouChunya", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhou, Chunya", +"comment": "China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. Chinese painter, born in Chongqing, Sichuan province; graduated 1982 from the Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts; 1988 from the Kassel Academy of Fine art, Kassel, Germany.", +"date": "b. 1955", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouDongqing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhou, Dongqing", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z46d38q29 Alternate names: Chou Tung-ch'ing, 周東卿 Yuan dynasty Friend of famous scholar-loyalist Wen Tianxiang. Painted fish. --Seymour", +"date": "late Song - early Yuan ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouFang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhou, Fang", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z46f24 Alternate names: Chou Fang, 周昉 Tang dynasty (b Chang’an (now Xi’an), Shaanxi Province; fl c. ad 765–800). Chinese painter. He was active at the Tang dynasty (618–907) court in the capital, Chang’an, after the An Lushan Rebellion (756). He painted both religious and secular figures but is particularly associated with the depiction of palace ladies (see also China, §V, 3(vii)), a genre in which he is considered peerless. He was reportedly of noble birth. His father served as a Master of Ceremonies in a princely household and then as Investigating Censor. Between 766 and 779 under Emperor Daizong (reg 762–79), Zhou Fang served as an administrator of Yuezhou (modern Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province); not long after, he held the position of administrative aide in Xuanzhou (modern Xuancheng, Anhui Province). From Xuanzhou, Zhou Fang seems to have returned to the capital. In his time, Zhou Fang was celebrated as a painter of religious subjects, particularly the ‘water-and-moon Guanyin’, a version of the bodhisattva Guanyin (Skt Avalokiteshvara); most famously, he was commissioned by Emperor Dezong (reg 780–805) to paint the walls of the Zhangqing temple. As regards secular subjects, Zhang Yanyuan wrote in 847 that Zhou avoided all those pertaining to rustic village life, and Zhu Jingxuan, another near-contemporary critic, stated flatly that Zhou’s paintings of gentlewomen were unsurpassed in any age. Zhou’s painting style in this genre was closely based upon that of his predecessor, Zhang xuan ( fl c. 714–42). Although Zhou Fang is said eventually to have attained a degree of independence from his mentor, it is difficult to identify significant, if any, differences between the two artists; even by the mid-11th century there was confusion between their styles. To judge from painting titles, however, it seems that Zhou Fang added degrees of subtlety and complexity to the genre: perhaps humour and drama in his Yang Guifei’s Pet Cockatoo Upsetting the Backgammon Board, or poignancy in his sketch Lonely Wife Playing a Tune. Zhou’s ability to capture the subtleties of his subjects’ expressions and mannerisms is expressed in a well-known anecdote. An official named Zhao Zong had his portrait painted by both Zhou and Han Gan. Zhao’s wife praised both paintings but chose Zhou’s as the better, remarking that Han Gan’s portrait had caught only the likeness of her husband whereas Zhou’s ‘conveys his spirit as well, and has caught his mood and the way he looks when he smiles and talks’. Important paintings attributed to Zhou Fang include Palace Ladies with Fans (Beijing, Pal. Mus.), Palace Ladies Performing Music (priv. col.; see Wang Shih-chieh and others, p. 3) and Ladies Playing Double Sixes (Washington, DC, Freer). These, together with the anonymous Palace Concert (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), though not of a single hand, form a distinctive group. The arrangement and interaction of figures are deliberate, defining the ambience of the environment. For example in Ladies Playing Double Sixes a small group forms a circle, creating an intense focus on the hands of the two players. As individuals, Zhou’s figures convey a very subtle variety of emotions and personalities. The range of expressions on the faces of the musicians in Palace Ladies Performing Music reflects a distinct appreciation for each performer’s approach to her instrument, and in Palace Ladies with Fans a mistress, leisurely seated at a dais with head on fan, is portrayed deep in thought, dreaming sadly of life outside the gilded cage. Ladies with Flowered Coiffures is the finest of the paintings attributed to Zhou Fang. In a palace garden setting stroll five elegant and beautiful ladies, dressed in sweeping robes of patterned silk and with lotus, peonies and cherry or apple blossom arrayed in their high coiffures. The last lady, standing by a garden rock and flowering magnolia, holding in one hand a captured butterfly by its wings and looking down at a small bounding dog, is the epitome of grace and delicacy. The painting illustrates Zhou’s fine, even-line technique spoken of by Mi Fu and the ‘soft yet bright coloration’ mentioned by Zhang Yanyuan. Although the description of the figures differs slightly from that in other paintings ascribed to Zhou Fang, details of dress and adornment favour an attribution to him: from the short, tilted eyebrows to the wide, flowing sleeves, these beauties exhibit the latest styles and fashions of the Zhenyuan reign (785–804). Zhou Fang’s influence was strong and widespread. Even in the early 9th century, an emissary from Korea paid high prices for Zhou’s paintings. Among the better-known followers of Zhou Fang were Zhou wenju in the 10th century and Su hanchen in the 12th century. --DOA", +"date": "730 - 800", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouJichang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhou, Jichang", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z46j24c35 Alternate names: Chou Chi-ch'ang, 周季常 Song dynasty Two obscure painters of Ningbo, for instance, Zhou Jichang and Lin Tinggui (neither of them Chan Buddhists), responded in 1178 to a commission from Japan to produce the set of 100 hanging scrolls representing 500 arhats (all but 12 in Shinjuan, Daitokuji, Kyoto); they were painted in a style then current in the imperial academy in nearby Lin’an (modern Hangzhou). --DOA", +"date": "active ca. 1160 - 1188", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouMaiyou", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhou, Maiyou", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter.", +"date": "active ca. 1980", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouRuizhuang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhou, Ruizhuang", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouShenghua", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhou, Shenghua", +"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Shuangcheng, Heilongjiang province", +"date": "1949-2000", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouShuqiao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhou, Shuqiao", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouSicong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhou, Sicong", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouTang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhou, Tang", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z46t25 Alternate names: Chou T'ang, 周棠 Qing dynasty From Zhejiang province. Painted landscapes, flowers and trees in the style of Zhen Chun. --Seymour", +"date": "1806 - 1876", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouTiehai", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhou, Tiehai", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Shanghai", +"date": "b. 1966", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouWei", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhou, Wei", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z46w26 Alternate names: Chou Wei, 周位 Ming dynasty From Jiangsu province. Painted landscapes. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 1368 - 1398", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouWende", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhou, Wende", +"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Chou Wen-teh", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouWenjing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhou, Wenjing", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z46w27j33 Alternate names: Chou Wen-ching, 周文靖 Ming dynasty From Fujian province. Court painter. --DOA", +"date": "ca. 1430 - 1460", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouWenju", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhou, Wenju", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z46w27j36 Alternate names: Chou Wen-chü, 周文秬 Five dynasties (b Jurong, near modern Nanjing, Jiangsu Province; fl ad 942–61). Chinese painter. He served as a daizhao (painter in attendance) at the Painting Academy of the Southern Tang court (ad 937–75). He may first have become prominent during the reign of the emperor Li Bian (937–43), when it is recorded that he was ordered to paint the Nanzhuang (Southern Village), though Guo Ruoxu dates this event to between 961 and 975. He participated in executing a joint work at the banquet held by the ruler, Li Jing (reg 943–61), on New Year’s day, 947. He was probably dead before the Song (960–1279) conquered the Southern Tang, since he is not recorded among the painters of the Southern Tang entering the Song Painting Academy. Zhou was known for his brushwork of the zhanbi (‘tremulous brush’) type, probably a method to render the fluttering quality of silken garments. According to the Xuanhe huapu (‘Xuanhe collection of painting’; preface dated 1120) he learnt the zhanbi technique from Li Yu (reg 961–75), famous for his calligraphy in this manner. This is unlikely, however, since Zhou was a well-established painter 20 years before Li Yu ascended the throne. Early sources record that Zhou was a versatile painter, accomplished in depicting figures, carriages and horses, architecture, trees, mountains and rivers, and excelling in female beauties. In paintings of the latter he reportedly worked in the manner of the Tang (ad 618–907) painter Zhou fang ‘but still more delicately’. According to Mi Fu, Zhou Wenju’s paintings of female beauties are distinguished from Zhou Fang’s by the use of zhanbi in the outline of garments; according to Guo Ruoxu, however, they do not feature zhanbi. The majority of paintings attributed to Zhou Wenju are in this genre, the most important being Ladies of the Court (Gongzhong tu; sections at Cambridge, MA, Fogg; Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.; Florence, I Tatti; and New York, Met.). A colophon of 1140 by Zhang Zheng, mounted with the Cleveland scroll, states that it is a copy of a painting by Zhou Wenju. The work is in the tradition of Zhou Fang, but the faded colouring contrasts with the clear hues of early genre paintings and may mirror the taste of the copyist. The four known sections of the composition were executed by at least two different hands. While the scrolls in Cleveland and Florence show no trace of zhanbi, the other two feature a slight tremble in the lines of the garments. The figures are tightly organized and naturally rendered; situations in court life are depicted in a lively manner. The minimal setting is an archaic feature. Zhou was also an accomplished portrait painter. The Double Screen (Chongping tu) is a well-documented composition (good copies in Washington, DC, Freer, and Beijing, Pal. Mus.) showing two men playing weiqi (chess), with two others watching. The figures have been identified as the ruler Li Jing and his three brothers. Behind them, a painted screen depicts an interior scene containing yet another painted screen; this format gives the scroll its name. Painted screens in interior scenes, typical in paintings of this period, reflect an interest in the nature of art. The Double Screen composition features an extensive use of zhanbi; in the Beijing version it is particularly mannered and possibly exaggerated compared to the original. The composition exemplifies the fine quality of Southern Tang genre paintings. The refined life at court is depicted with a sense for telling detail, and the figures are grouped in tight interplay. Three other portraits by Zhou, of the ruler Li Yu, are recorded in the Xuanhe huapu. It seems that in his early years, however, Zhou’s portraiture was less highly esteemed than his figure painting. In the New Year’s day joint work of 947 the privilege of painting the ruler, Li Jung, was conceded to Gao Taichong, whereas Zhou was responsible for the imperial princes, officials and musicians (probably a female orchestra). Zhou Wenju, Wang Qihan ( fl 961–75) and Gu Hongzhong ( fl c. 943–60), all prominent figure painters at the Jiangnan (southern) Court, gradually made figure painting a more psychologically subtle art form. They placed figures in more natural groups, as in Ladies Bathing Children, and used interior details to add realism. The influence of these artists is clearly visible in depictions of court life by Song-period masters. --DOA", +"date": "ca. 961 - 975", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouXian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhou, Xian", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouXiaohu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhou, Xiaohu", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province; graduated 1989 from the Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts, Chongqing.", +"date": "b. 1960", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouYan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhou, Yan", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouYiqing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhou, Yiqing", +"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Wuxi, Jiangsu province", +"date": "born 1952", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouYu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhou, Yu", +"comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Chinese architect", +"date": "active 2000-", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouZhenqing", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhou, Zhenqing", +"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", +"date": "active mid 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouZhimian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhou, Zhimian", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z46z44m33 Alternate names: Chou Chih-mien, 周之冕 Ming dynasty From Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Painted flowers and birds, followed Zhen Shun and Lu Zhi. Calligraphy in official script style. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 1580 - 1610", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuBang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhu, Bang", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z47b25 Alternate names: Chu Pang, 朱邦 Ming dynasty From Anhui province. Painted landscapes and figures, followed Zhang Lu. --Seymour Zhe School: Others who followed Wu Wei, generally with less originality, were Jiang Song, a native of Nanjing, Zhu Bang from Anhui, and Chen Zihe and Zheng Wenlin from Fujian. These artists have usually been regarded by both Chinese and foreign writers as signalling a period of decline of the Zhe school, although some revisionist writers have challenged this view. --DOA", +"date": "ca. 1522 - 1566", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuCheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhu, Cheng", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuCizhong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhu, Cizhong", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z47c55h33 Alternate names: Chu Tz'u-chung, 祝次仲 Song dynasty From Taiping, Anhui province. Painted landscapes. Calligraphy in grass script style. --Seymour", +"date": "ca. 12th century ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuDanian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhu, Danian", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese mural and ceramic painter", +"date": "1916-1995", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuDiezhuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhu, Diezhuan", +"comment": "Nebiolo, Gino; La Cina dei Cinesi, Ivrea: Priuli & Verlucca, 1973. Chinese peasant painter during the Cultural Revolution", +"date": "active ca. 1970", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuDuan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhu, Duan", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z47d43 Alternate names: Chu Tuan, 朱端 Ming dynasty (b Haiyan, Zhejiang Province; fl c. 1501–21). Chinese painter. He probably began his artistic career as a minor court painter in the latter part of the reign of the Hongzhi emperor (reg 1488–1505); one of his paintings, dated 1501, bears a seal indicating that he had been summoned to court at least by that date. During the reign of the Zhengde emperor (reg 1506–21), when he was most active, he rose to the position of daizhao (‘painter in attendance’) at the imperial atelier, the Renzhi dian, and was honoured by the gift of a seal from the emperor, after which he nicknamed himself Yiqiao (‘the woodcutter’). Along with some other contemporary court painters, he was considered to belong in a loose sense to the Zhe school. Zhu painted a wide range of subjects, from figures and landscapes to bamboo and birds. His model in the first two genres was the Yuan-period (1279–1368) painter Sheng Mao. In bamboo painting, Xia Chang (1388–1470) served as his source. Zhu’s tenure at court overlapped with that of Lu Ji, who specialized in painting birds and who was Zhu’s model in this genre, possibly also his personal teacher. Zhu’s extant paintings, however, are limited to landscapes. In choosing to follow Sheng Mao and the 11th-century painter Guo Xi, Zhu differed from other court painters, who were uniformly influenced by Ma Yuan. Zhu’s study of these two painters is evident from the large painting Gazing about the Misty River (hanging scroll, ink and colours on silk, h. 1.68 m; Beijing, Pal. Mus.). The first focus is on two scholars and their servant, who gaze out at the scene. An open book beside them suggests they may be reflecting on the Chinese classics or reading poetry. They are sitting on a promontory in the left corner of the painting, framed by surrounding foliage, in particular by a group of trees that reaches above and arcs over them. The first direction of view, which is also that of the gazing gentlemen, extends towards two scenes separated by water, and a final line of mountains. The lower and more open vista contains a hint of unseen territory beyond. The eye is then impelled by the arching branches of the foreground trees upwards into rising peaks. Vignettes and hints of life and habitation are everywhere. Each mountain rise hosts pavilions, each clump of trees shades a house. In the valley, fishermen fish and a scholar wanders home; over the next stretch of water lies a whole fishing village with boats moored in clusters and two junks setting off in full sail. Zhu’s nervous, jagged line is similar to that used by Sheng Mao, as is his skill in carefully describing all the elements in the painting, such as the well-drawn figures and the vine-encrusted trees. On the other hand, the clawlike branches, although much exaggerated by Zhu, and the theatrical surging of the mountain range overhead show an awareness of the techniques of Guo Xi. Very much in the professional as opposed to the literati mode of painting, this is one of Zhu’s most ambitious works. He was also capable of more rapid, abbreviated, literati styles and compositions, as in Solitary Angler on a Wintry River (Tokyo, N. Mus.). --DOA", +"date": "ca. 1506 - 1521", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuFadong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhu, Fadong", +"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Kunming, Yunnan Province; lives and works in Beijing.", +"date": "b. 1960", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuGuangpu", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhu, Guangpu", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z47g39p42 Alternate names: Chu Kuang-p'u, 朱光普 Song dynasty From Kaifeng, Henan province. Moved to Hangzhou. Zhejiang province, at the fall of the Northern Song. Member of the Painting Academy in Hangzhou. Painted farm scenes. --Seymour", +"date": "mid Song dynasty", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuJinshi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhu, Jinshi", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter. Zhu was part of the first influential avant-garde group of artists after the Cultural Revolution, the “Stars Group” (Xing Xing).", +"date": "b. 1954", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuLunhan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhu, Lunhan", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z47l47h24 Alternate names: Chu Lun-han, 朱倫瀚 Qing dynasty From Shandong province. Descendant of Imperial Ming family. Finger painting, following uncle Gao Qipei. --Seymour", +"date": "1680 - 1760", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuMinggang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhu, Minggang", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Fengyang, Anhui Province; specializes in woodcut and pen painting; alternate name: 朱鸣冈", +"date": "born 1915", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuQizhan", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhu, Qizhan", +"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. Chinese painter, studied oil painting in Shanghai, later worked in Japan, adopted traditional Chinese ink painting techniques later in life.", +"date": "1892-1996", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuRui", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhu, Rui", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z47r35 Alternate names: Chu Jui, 朱銳 Song dynasty From Hubei province. Member of Academy of Painting in Kaifeng and also in Hangzhou. Painted landscapes following Wan Wei. Also, figures after Zhang Dunli. --Seymour", +"date": "first half 12th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuSansong", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhu, Sansong", +"comment": "Valder, Peter; Gardens in China, Portland, Oregon: Timber Press, 2002. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuSheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhu, Sheng", +"comment": "Realms of Faith, Kaikodo Journal, vol. 2000. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuShuzheng", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhu, Shuzheng", +"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Anhui Province; member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association, council member of Anhui branch of the Chinese Artists' Association; alternate name: 朱曙征", +"date": "born 1931", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuWanli", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhu, Wanli", +"comment": "Laing, Ellen Johnston; Winking Owl: Art from the People's Republic of China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988 (0520060970). ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuWeiming", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhu, Weiming", +"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Wenzhou, Zhejiang province", +"date": "born 1940", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuWenyun", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhu, Wenyun", +"comment": "Yang Xiaoneng; Tracing the Past, Drawing the Future: Master Ink Painters in Twentieth-Century China, Milan: Continents Editions, 2010. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuYunming", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhu, Yunming", +"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z47y39m37 Alternate names: Chu Yun-ming, 祝允明 Ming dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, c. 1460–61; d Suzhou, 1527). Chinese calligrapher, scholar, essayist and poet. Born into an illustrious Suzhou family, he was commended in the provincial examinations, the second stage of the civil service career ladder, at the age of 33 but failed in several attempts at the national examinations. In 1514 he took office as magistrate of Xingning County in Guangdong Province and in 1522 was promoted to assistant prefectural magistrate of Yingtian District (now Nanjing). He retired after less than a year and died at the age of 67. Zhu was an outstanding representative of certain literary circles in Suzhou, revered not only for his calligraphy, but also for his scholarship, essays and poetry. His individual and non-conformist beliefs made him severely critical of Song Neo-Confucianism, the orthodox teaching of his day, seeing it as both ill-founded and constricting. His love of liberty and adherence to the classics are reflected in his calligraphy, which is at once informed by a thorough acquaintance with the classical masters and executed with an expansive and uninhibited flair. By his early twenties Zhu Yunming was renowned in Suzhou for his calligraphy, which showed the influence of the cursive script (caoshu) of his maternal grandfather, Xu Youzhen (1407–72), and the regular script (kaishu) of his father-in-law, Li Yingzhen (1431–93). Zhu made a thorough study of Jin (ad 265–420), Tang (ad 618–907), and Song (960–1279) calligraphers, taking as models masters such as Wang Xizhi (see Wang (i), (1)) and Huaisu. He also studied stelae from the Han, Wei and Su Dynasties periods (206 bc–ad 589). His own calligraphy shows abundant variation, and he excelled particularly in the art of unrestrained cursive script. The best known of his surviving masterpieces reveal his genius with two fundamental brushstrokes. The first is dragged continuously in circular fluency, carrying on a 4th-century ad tradition of continuous cursive script; see, for example, the Seven-character Eight-line Poem (Qiyan lushi, 1525; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). The other stroke is a type of dissipated dot which takes advantage of the interlocking lines and vigour of the calligraphy to create a compact structure. The works which best exemplify this pioneering characteristic are the Cao Zhi Poem (c. 1526; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) and the Ode on the Red Cliff (Chibi fu; 1521; Shanghai Mus.). --DOA", +"date": "1460 - 1526", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuZichang", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhu, Zichang", +"comment": "Shen Zhiyu; Shanghai Museum of Art, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1983. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZigheraFrançoise", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zighera, Françoise", +"comment": "Acton, David; Sixty Years of North American Prints: 1947-2007, Boston: Boston Printmakers, 2009. American printmaker, born in Paris", +"date": "1926-2006", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZimmermanDominikus", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zimmerman, Dominikus", +"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZininAN", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zinin, A. N.", +"comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", +"date": "1820-1906", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZiorEdward", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zior, Edward", +"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. ", +"date": "1868-1927", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZippeliusA", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zippelius, A.", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. author of works on Priene. info from Worldcat", +"date": "active 1890s", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZittzmannJulius", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zittzmann, Julius", +"comment": "Wichmann, Siegfried; Jugendstil Art Nouveau: Floral and Functional Forms, First United States edition, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1984. ", +"date": "active late 19th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZiyadatAllahIEmir", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ziyadat Allah I, Emir", +"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", +"date": "817-838", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZobelMaryMelian", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zobel, Mary Melian", +"comment": "George, Michael and Consuelo M. Correcher; Gardens of Spain, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1993. 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", +"date": "ca. 1983", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZumbackLudgwigvon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zumback, Ludgwig von", +"comment": "Raizman, David S. History of Modern Design. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2004. ", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZuoZhengyao", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zuo, Zhengyao", +"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese rationalist painter from Hubei province. ", +"date": "active late 20th century", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZurilgenCheryl", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zurilgen, Cheryl", +"comment": "Broude, Norma and Mary D. Garrar, eds.; Power of Feminist Art: the American Movement of the 1970s, History and Impact, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994. model in the photo Kewpie Doll (1970).", + +"modified": { +"@value": "2014_07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + From 63f2800ae1c9a0b589c898b88cdf801bd6083cf2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Thu, 10 Jul 2014 08:30:50 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 083/186] added term for AAI/Licensed/Archivision/Lowenstam Culture, sourceCollection, stylePeriod, worktypes --- terms.jsonld | 8211 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 8211 insertions(+) diff --git a/terms.jsonld b/terms.jsonld index 7240ea5..c36c31a 100644 --- a/terms.jsonld +++ b/terms.jsonld @@ -1380,6 +1380,8217 @@ } }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/URIName", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "CultureName", + "comment": "AuthorityNote. Note", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Pontic", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pontic", + "comment": "Culture of the historic region of Pontus, roughly encompassed most of the eastern Black Sea coast of northeastern Asia Minor, on the coast from just west of Ayancık to east of Hopa.. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ababdah", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ababdah", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Sudan Alternate name: Ababda, Ababde Cushitic language; one of the groups included in the collective term Beja ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Abam", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Abam", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Nigeria Alternate name: Ohaffia, Ohafya Kwa language; subcategory of the Igbo; one of the groups referred to as Eastern Igbo ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Abong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Abong", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Cameroun, Nigeria Alternate name: Abo, Abõ, Abõn Bantu related language; one of the groups included in the collective term Tigong ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Aksum", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Aksum", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Ethiopia Alternate name: Axum ancient Ethiopian city and kingdom flourishing from the first millenium B.C.E. to about 800 A.D. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Andean", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Andean", + "comment": "Damian, Carol; Virgin of the Andes; Art and Ritual in Colonial Cuzco, Miami Beach: Grassfield Press, 1995. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BaiChina", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bai (China)", + "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. Chinese: 白族; pinyin: Báizú. One of the 56 ethnic minorities officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. The Bai population is primarily located in the provinces of Yunnan (Dali area) and in neighboring Guizhou (Bijie area) and Hunan (Sangzhi area) provinces. 80% of the Bai people live in the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan province.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BatakSumatran", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Batak (Sumatran)", + "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. Toba subgroup, Sumatra, Indonesia", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Belanda", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Belanda", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Sudan The term Belanda (or Bor-Belanda) includes both the Bor (or JoBor) speaking a Western Nilotic langauge and the Bviri (or Bor-Bviri) speaking an Eastern Sudanic language ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeringStraitInuit", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bering Strait Inuit", + "comment": "Lee, Molly and Gregory A. Reinhardt; Eskimo Architecture: Dwelling and Structure in the Early Historic Period, Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press and University of Alaska Museum, 2003. United States, ARCTIC: West coast of alaska Language: ?", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Biwat", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Biwat", + "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. Middle Yuat River, lower Sepik River area, Papua New Guinea people, aka Mundugumor", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Cabinda", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cabinda", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Congo Republic region/enclave in the Congo Republic but the term is sometimes used to refer to the art of the Vili peoples ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Chokwe", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chokwe", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Angola, Zaire, Zambia Alternate name: Bachokwe, Badjok, Badjokwe, Bajokwe, Batshioko, Ciokwe, Cokwe, Djok, Djokwe, Kioko, Kiokue, Quioco, Shioko, Tschokwe, Tshioko, Tshokwe, Tuchokwe, Watschiwokwe Bantu language Chokwe is the current usage in most art sources while linguists seem to prefer the form Cokwe. One of the groups included in the Lunda-Lovale peoples. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DhoLuo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dho Luo", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Kenya Alternate name: Luo Western Nilotic language; one of the groups included in the collective term Nilotic peoples; sometimes referred to as Southern Lwoo ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Faafue", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Faafue", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Côte d’Ivoire Kwa language; subcategory of the Baule ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Gabbra", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gabbra", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Ethiopia, Kenya Alternate name: Gabra Cushitic language; subcategory of the Oromo ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Grasslands", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Grasslands", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Cameroun Alternate name: Grassfields One of three very large so-called stylistic regions in the Cameroun; the others being 2) Northern and Central Cameroun together ranging from southern Lake Chad to Adamawa, and 3) ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Huari", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huari", + "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hungana", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hungana", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Zaire Alternate name: Bahuana, Bahungana, Huana, Hungaan, Hungana, Hunganna, Wana SOUTH SAVANNA Bantu language ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Isaaq", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Isaaq", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Somalia Alternate name: Issaq Cushitic language; clan-family of the Somali ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Itakete", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Itakete", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Nigeria Kwa language; subcategory of the Yoruba ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Jamala", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jamala", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Côte d’Ivoire Gur language; subcategory of the Senufo ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kalabari", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kalabari", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Nigeria Alternate name: Kalabari Ijo Kwa language; Kalabari is a term sometimes used synonymously with the Ijo, the capital of the Ijo, and also as an eastern subcategory of the Ijo. see RWL for a more extensive list of subcategories. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kambot", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kambot", + "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. Lower Sepik River, Papua New Guinea people, aka Tindama, Tin Dama", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kom", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kom", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Cameroun Alternate name: Bamekom, Bekom, Bikom, Kom-Tikar, Nkom Bantoid language; subcategory of Tikar, one of the groups included in the collective term Bamenda ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Luluwa", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Luluwa", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Zaire Alternate name: Bashilange, Bena Lulua, Bena Luluwa, Bena Moyo, Lulua, Shilange Bantu language; one of the groups included in the collective term Bakasai AAT USES LULUA ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LumboCongoRepublicGabon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lumbo (Congo Republic, Gabon)", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Congo Republic, Gabon Alternate name: Balumbo, Loumbou, Lumbu Bantu language ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Maasai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Maasai", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Kenya, Tanzania Alternate name: Masai, Massai Eastern Nilotic language; grouped as Northern Maasai, Central or Rift Valley Maasai, and Southern Maasai; one of the groups included in the collective term “Nilo-Hamitic” peoples. see GWS 1969 for numerous additional subcategories*. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MamlukAfricangroup", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mamluk (African group)", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. CENTRAL-EAST SUDAN ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Masai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Masai", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. EAST AFRICA ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Mawri", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mawri", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Niger Alternate name: Mauri Chadic language; subcategory of the Hausa ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Minianka", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Minianka", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Mali Alternate name: Minyanka Gur language; sometimes considered a Senufo subcategory ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Montol", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Montol", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Nigeria Chadic language ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Mossi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mossi", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Guinea, Burkina Faso, Togo Alternate name: Mole, More, Moose, Mosi Gur language; The term Moose seems currrently preferable. The Mossi states or Mossi kingdom, circa 1500-1900, were formed in the 16th century by Dagomba horsemen called Nakomse from Ghana, and established rule over various l ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ndebele", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ndebele", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. South Africa, Zimbabwe Alternate name: Amandebele, Mandebele Bantu language; Have absorbed many different groups;consequently, they are divided into 3 categories: Zansi, people from down countries; Enhla, people from up countries; Holi, people of Shona-Kalanga origins ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NorthernMadak", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Northern Madak", + "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ntandu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ntandu", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Zaire Alternate name: Bantandu Bantu language; subcategory of the Kongo ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Oaxacan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Oaxacan", + "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Pende", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pende", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Zaire Alternate name: Bapende, Phende, Pindi, Pinji Bantu language; some sources distinguish between Eastern (or Kasai) Pende and Western Pende ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Punu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Punu", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Congo Republic, Gabon Alternate name: Apono, Bapunu, Pounou, Puno Bantu language ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Rendile", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Rendile", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Kenya Cushitic language ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RongowhakaataMaori", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Rongowhakaata (Maori)", + "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Saka", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Saka", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Zaire Alternate name: Bosaka Bantu language; subcategory of Mongo ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Samburu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Samburu", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Kenya Alternate name: Il Loikop, Loikop, Loikpo, Sampur Eastern Nilotic language; one of the groups included in the collective term “Nilo-Hamitic” peoples; close in culture to the Maasai; sometimes considered to be a branch of the Maasai ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Shona", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shona", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique Alternate name: Mashona Bantu language; a congeries of “tribes” including the Hera, Kalanga, Karanga, Korekore, Manyika, Mbire, Ndau, Rozwi, Tawara, and Zezuru ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Sicán", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sicán", + "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Somaligroup", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Somali (group)", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia Cushitic language ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Swahili", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Swahili", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Comores, Kenya, Mozambique, Somalia, Tanzania, Zaire Alternate name: Suaheli, Suaili, Wasuaheli Bantu language; Swahili is a contextual term applied to people of mixed African, Arab and ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Tiwanaku", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tiwanaku", + "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Topotha", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Topotha", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Ethiopia, Sudan Alternate name: Dabosa, Toposa Eastern Nilotic language; one of the groups included in the collective term “Nilo-Hamitic” peoples ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Turkana", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Turkana", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Kenya, Sudan Eastern Nilotic language; one of the groups included in the collective term “Nilo-Hamitic” peoples ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Usukuma", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Usukuma", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. EAST AFRICA ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yoruba", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yoruba", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Benin, Nigeria, Togo Alternate name: Yorba, Yorouba Kwa language; the Yoruba kingdoms date from circa 1000. to the present. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YorubaOwo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yoruba Owo", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. CENTRAL GUINEA COAST ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YorubaOyo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yoruba Oyo", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. CENTRAL GUINEA COAST ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Zulu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zulu", + "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, Swaziland Alternate name: Amazulu Bantu language ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KazakChina", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kazak (China)", + "comment": "Wang Qijun; Vernacular Dwellings (Ancient Chinese Architecture, v.5), English edition, New York: Springer Verlag/Wien, 2000. Kazak ethnic minority descended from the ancient Wushu tribes and distributed mainly in Xinjiang Ili Kazak autonomous prefecture, Mori and Barkol Kazak autonomous counties and the Gansu and Qinghai provinces.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiaoChina", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Miao (China)", + "comment": "Garrett, Valery M; Chinese clothing : an illustrated guide, Hong Kong ; New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. The Miao (Chinese: 苗; pinyin: Miáo) are a linguistically and culturally related group of people recognized by the government of the People's Republic of China as one of the 56 official minority groups.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MongolChina", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mongol (China)", + "comment": "Feng, Hanji and Huang, Bangjie; National minority costume in China, Hong Kong: Hui yan ya ji, 1985. With a population of 5,813,947, the Mongols (also called Mongolian) ethnic minority is distributed primarily in the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region along with others in provinces like Qinghai, Gansu, Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang, etc. This ethnic minority is brave and unconstrained with a profound history. Though they called themselves 'Mongol', meaning everlasting fire, other people refer to them as 'an ethnic minority on the horseback'.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/St.JohnsCulture", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "St. Johns Culture", + "comment": "Morgan, William N.; Prehistoric Architecture in the Eastern United States, Cambridge, MA; London: MIT Press, 1980. United States, SOUTHEASTERN Prehistoric: 500 BCE-1565", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VaChina", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Va (China)", + "comment": "Feng, Hanji and Huang, Bangjie; National minority costume in China, Hong Kong: Hui yan ya ji, 1985. The Va people form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the PRC. They live primarily in the counties of Ximeng, Cangyuan and Menglian in Yunnan Provinces. According to the census of 2000, the Wa people has a population of 396,610.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YaoChina", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yao (China)", + "comment": "Garrett, Valery M; Chinese clothing : an illustrated guide, Hong Kong ; New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. With a population of 2,637,421 in the year 2000, the Yao ethnic minority is a typical nationality living in the mountainous regions of the southern part of China. Their main habitats are Hunan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guizhou, and Jiangxi together with Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Prefecture. They are divided into several branches, such as Baiku Yao (the Yao people who wear white trousers), Hong Yao (the Yao people who favor red clothes), and so on. Similar to the other 54 ethnic groups of China, the Yao ethnic minority has its unique religious and cultural characteristics.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Chippewah", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chippewah", + "comment": "Nabokov, Peter and Robert Easton; Native American Architecture, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. United States, NORTHEASTERN: Shores of Lake Huron and Lake Superior, extending across Minnesota to Turtle Mountains, North Dakota Alternate names: Baouichtigouin, Bawa'tigowininiwug, Achiligouan Related Groups: Missisauga, Amikwa Language: Algonquian SEE OJIBWA ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EastGreenlandInuit", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "East Greenland Inuit", + "comment": "Lee, Molly and Gregory A. Reinhardt; Eskimo Architecture: Dwelling and Structure in the Early Historic Period, Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press and University of Alaska Museum, 2003. United States, ARCTIC: eastern coast of Greenland Language: Inuit ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FrenchPolynesian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "French Polynesian", + "comment": "Brettell, Richard et al; The Art of Paul Gauguin, Hardcover, Washington, DC and Chicago: National Gallery of Art and the Art Institute of Chicago, 1988. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Gibraltar", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gibraltar", + "comment": "Zaigai Nihon no shihō (Japanese Art: Selections from Western Collections) v.8, Tokyo: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1980. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hunkapapa", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hunkapapa", + "comment": "Laubin, Reginald and Gladys; Indian Tipi: Its History, Construction and Use, 2nd edition, Norman, OK; London: University of Oklahoma Press, 1977. United States, PLAINS Alternate names: Hunkapapa Lakota, Hunkapapa Sioux Related Groups: Sioux, Dakota Sioux Language: Lakota ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Klickitat", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Klickitat", + "comment": "Harper, J. Russell; Paul Kane's Frontier, Austin; Ottawa: University of Texas Press; National Gallery of Canada, 1971. United States, PLATEAU: headwaters of the Cowlitz, Lewis, White salmon and Klichkitat rivers in Central Washington Alternate names: Qulh-hwai-pum Language: Sahaptian ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KotzebueSoundInuit", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kotzebue Sound Inuit", + "comment": "Lee, Molly and Gregory A. Reinhardt; Eskimo Architecture: Dwelling and Structure in the Early Historic Period, Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press and University of Alaska Museum, 2003. United States, ARCTIC: West coast of alaska Language: ? ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Li", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li", + "comment": "Feng, Hanji and Huang, Bangjie; National minority costume in China, Hong Kong: Hui yan ya ji, 1985. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WallisandFutunaIslander", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wallis and Futuna Islander", + "comment": "Leymarie, Jean; French Painting: The Nineteenth Century, Cleveland: World Publishing Company, 1962. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WestGreenlandInuit", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "West Greenland Inuit", + "comment": "Lee, Molly and Gregory A. Reinhardt; Eskimo Architecture: Dwelling and Structure in the Early Historic Period, Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press and University of Alaska Museum, 2003. United States, ARCTIC: western coast of Greenland Language: Inuit ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hattian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hattian", + "comment": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattians. The Hattians were an ancient people who inhabited the land of Hatti. The group was documented at least as early as the empire of Sargon of Akkad, until it was gradually absorbed c.2000–1700 BC by the Indo-European Hittites, who became identified with the "land of Hatti".", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PlumBayouCulture", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Plum Bayou Culture", + "comment": "http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=547. United States, SOUTHEASTERN Prehistoric: 650-1050 CE Plum Bayou developed out of the earlier (300 BC to AD 650) Baytown culture", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Cimmerian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cimmerian", + "comment": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimmerians. The Cimmerians or Kimmerians (Greek: Κιμμέριοι, Kimmerioi) were an ancient Indo-European people living north of the Caucasus and the Sea of Azov as early as 1300 BC[1] until they were driven southward by the Scythians into Anatolia during the 8th century BC", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Da", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Da", + "comment": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dai_people. The Dai people are one of several ethnic groups living in the Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture and the Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture (both in southern Yunnan, China), but by extension can apply to groups in Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, and Burma when Dai is used to mean specifically Tai Lue, Chinese Shan, Tai Dam, Tai Khao or even Tai in general", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Daunian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Daunian", + "comment": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daunia. The Daunia is a historical and geographical region in Apulia, southern Italy, mostly coincident with modern Province of Foggia. Its inhabitants were called the Daunians by the ancient Greeks and were also known as the Daunii and the Apulians to the ancient Romans.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Etretrian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Etretrian", + "comment": ". Term used by Steven Lowenstam", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Falerian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Falerian", + "comment": "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/falerian. Of or relating to the ancient Etruscan city of Falerii.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Falernian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Falernian", + "comment": "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/falernian. Of or coming from a district of Campania called Falernus ager by the Romans —used especially of a wine celebrated by Horace", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Konkombwa", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Konkombwa", + "comment": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konkomba. The Dagomba are an ethnic group of Northern Ghana and they number about 619,000. They inhabit the Northern Region of Ghana in the sparse savanna region below the sahelian belt, known as the Sudan. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Lukanian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lukanian", + "comment": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucania. Culture of an ancient district of southern Italy, extending from the Tyrrhenian Sea to the Gulf of Taranto", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Pergamanes", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pergamanes", + "comment": ". Culture related to the city of Pergamon in Ancient Greece.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Phocaen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Phocaen", + "comment": ". Term used by Steven Lowenstam", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Samosian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Samosian", + "comment": ". Culture related to the island of Samos in Ancient Greece", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Sidonian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sidonian", + "comment": ". Culture related to the Ancient Phoneician port city of Sidonia or Sidon.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WaChina", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wa (China)", + "comment": "Feng, Hanji and Huang, Bangjie; National minority costume in China, Hong Kong: Hui yan ya ji, 1985. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/undetermined", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "undetermined", + "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Alsatian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Alsatian", + "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Corsican", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Corsican", + "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Transylvanian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Transylvanian", + "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Soviet", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Soviet", + "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ukranian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ukranian", + "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AncientItalian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ancient Italian", + "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bolognese", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bolognese", + "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BosnianHerzegovinian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bosnian, Herzegovinian", + "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChineseHongKong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chinese/Hong Kong", + "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Corinthian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Corinthian", + "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Euboian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Euboian", + "comment": "Getty Appendices. Euboean", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Florentine", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Florentine", + "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/laconic", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "laconic", + "comment": "Getty Appendices. Laconian", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Macedonian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Macedonian", + "comment": "Getty Appendices. Ancient Macedonian", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Milanese", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Milanese", + "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Montenegrin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Montenegrin", + "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Peloponnesian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Peloponnesian", + "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Rhenish", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Rhenish", + "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Sienese", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sienese", + "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Singapore", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Singapore", + "comment": "Getty Appendices. Singaporean", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SouthKorean", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "South Korean", + "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Velezuelan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Velezuelan", + "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yemeni", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yemeni", + "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbdalWadid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Abd al-Wadid", + "comment": "Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.; Encyclopaedia Britannica Online, Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2007. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbstractKineticist", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Abstract Kineticist", + "comment": "Term originated with Art on File. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Afsharid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Afsharid", + "comment": "Hattstein, Markus and Peter Delius; Islam: Art and Architecture, Cologne: Könemann, 2000. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Akbari", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Akbari", + "comment": "Dehejia, Vidya. Indian art. London : Phaidon Press, 1997. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Alawid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Alawid", + "comment": "http://collection.britishmuseum.org/resource/thes/x113908. The Filali Sharifs claimed descent from the Prophet Muhammad. They originated from south-eastern Morocco and restored central authority throughout Morocco in the late 17th-18th centuries.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AltunHa", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Altun-Ha", + "comment": "Reents-Budet, Dorie; Painting the Maya Universe: Royal Ceramics form the Classic Period, Durham; London: Duke University Press, 1994. Named after the site in central Belize where the majority of vessels have been discovered. The style is distinctive not only for the black backgrounds but also for the unusually colorful head variant hieroglyphs of the pss texts painted on these vessels. These vases may provide us with the first evidence of Yucatec Mayan being spoken so far south of its traditional area, the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ansei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ansei", + "comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AodeKokutanistyle", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Aode Kokutani style", + "comment": "Singer, Robert T.; Edo, Art in Japan 1615-1968, Washington: National Gallery of Art, 1998. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Arabshahids", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Arabshahids", + "comment": "Hattstein, Markus and Peter Delius; Islam: Art and Architecture, Cologne: Könemann, 2000. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArtBrut", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Art Brut", + "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArtEvolució", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Art-Evolució", + "comment": "Robinson, William H, Jordi Falgàs, and Carmen Belen Lord; Barcelona and Modernity: Picasso, Gaudí, Miró, Dalí, Cleveland, New Haven: Cleveland Museum of Art, Yale University Press, 2006. A Spanish avant-garde movement associated with Joaquín Torres-García. His focus on the subject of the city offered a clean break from the classicism of Noucentisme and was well suited for his experiments in cubist form. Art-Evolució was one of the first movements in Spain to integrate the formal innovations and theories prevalent in the broader European avant-garde. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Artuqid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Artuqid", + "comment": "Hoag, John D.; Islamic Architecture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1977. The Artuqid dynasty (Artuklu in Turkish, sometimes also spelled as Artukid or Ortokid; Turkish plural: Artukoğulları) was an Oghuz Turkish dynasty that ruled in Eastern Anatolia and Northern Iraq in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Two main branches of the dynasty ruled from Hasankeyf (Hısn-ı Keyf, Hısnkeyfa) between 1102–1231 and Mardin between 1106–1186 (and until 1409 as vassals). There was also a third branch that acquired Harput in 1112 and was independent between 1185–1233. The dynasty was founded by Artuq, son of Eksük, a general originally under Malik Shah I and then under the Seljuk emir of Damascus, Tutush I. Tutush appointed Artuq governor of Jerusalem in 1086. Artuq died in 1091, and his sons Sokman and Ilghazi were expelled from Jerusalem by the Fatimid vizier al-Afdal Shahanshah in 1098; the Fatimids lost the city to the crusaders the following year.. (Wikipedia)", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AshtarkhanidJanid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ashtarkhanid (Janid)", + "comment": "Term originated in the University of Oregon Visual Resources Collection slide collections. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Aurelian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Aurelian", + "comment": "Rossi, Guido Alberto and Franco Lefèvre; Rome From the Air, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1989. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ayutthaya", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ayutthaya", + "comment": "Mannikka, Eleanor; Selected Topics in Cataloging Asian Art: VRA, VRA Special Bulletin No. 4, Visual Resources Association, 1989. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BatakSumatranstyle", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Batak (Sumatran style)", + "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. Toba subgroup, Sumatra, Indonesia", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BayAreaFigurativeSchool", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bay-Area Figurative School", + "comment": "http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195335798.001.0001/acref-9780195335798-e-153. Term applied to a group of American artists active in San Francisco from 1950 to the mid-1960s who forged a vibrant brand of figurative expressionism. Originating in the studios and art schools of postwar San Francisco, the movement transcended its regional identity to attain national recognition as a major trend in mid-20th-century American art.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeringStraitInuit", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bering Strait Inuit", + "comment": "Lee, Molly and Gregory A. Reinhardt; Eskimo Architecture: Dwelling and Structure in the Early Historic Period, Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press and University of Alaska Museum, 2003. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlancdeChineware", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Blanc de Chine ware", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). Ivory-white porcelain with transparent glaze produced from Dehua kilns in Fujian province. Shapes such as tripods, footed censers and zun, as well as figures and devotional objects (most common is Guanyin), are typical. Exported in the 17th and 18th centuries.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlaueReiter", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Blaue Reiter", + "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. Expressionist group", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Blueandwhiteware", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Blue and white ware", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). Most important development of Yuan dynasty ceramic production was underglaze blue painting. The blue is derived from cobalt oxide, fired in a reducing atmosphere. Designs were painted on an unfired white porcelain body. Earliest dated blue and white is 1319, excavated from a tomb in Jiangxi. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BrandywineSchool", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Brandywine School", + "comment": "Term originated with the Bridgeman Art Library. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bunka", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bunka", + "comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bunkyū", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bunkyū", + "comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bunsei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bunsei", + "comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CapeCodColonial", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cape Cod Colonial", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Kingston Heath, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Chaco", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chaco", + "comment": "Nabokov, Peter and Robert Easton; Native American Architecture, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Chaghatayid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chaghatayid", + "comment": "Hattstein, Markus and Peter Delius; Islam: Art and Architecture, Cologne: Könemann, 2000. Use with Mongol", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ClassicCottage", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Classic Cottage", + "comment": "Hawkins, William J., III and Willaim F. Willingham; Classic Houses of Portland, Oregon, 1850-1950, Portland, OR: Timber Press, 2005. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Domitian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Domitian", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Downingcottage", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Downing cottage", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Kingston Heath, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EarlyApulian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Early Apulian", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EarlyBoetian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Early Boetian", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EarlyHelladicII", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Early Helladic II", + "comment": "Matz, Friedrich; Art of Crete and Early Greece: the Prelude to Greek Art, New York: Greystone Press, 1962. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EarlyHelladicIII", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Early Helladic III", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EarlyHistoric", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Early Historic", + "comment": "Mannikka, Eleanor; Selected Topics in Cataloging Asian Art: VRA, VRA Special Bulletin No. 4, Visual Resources Association, 1989. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EarlyLucanian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Early Lucanian", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EarlyMannerist", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Early Mannerist", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EarlyMinoanII", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Early Minoan II", + "comment": "Matz, Friedrich; Art of Crete and Early Greece: the Prelude to Greek Art, New York: Greystone Press, 1962. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EarlyPrepalatial", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Early Prepalatial", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EarlyTang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Early Tang", + "comment": "Fong, Wen C. and James C.Y. Watt; Possessing the Past, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1996. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EastAegean", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "East Aegean", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EastIonian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "East Ionian", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EdoMiddlePeriod", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Edo Middle Period", + "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ErubIsland", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Erub Island", + "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. Australian; aka Darnley Island", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Exotic", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Exotic", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Michael Shellenbarger, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FederalVernacular", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Federal Vernacular", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Leland Roth, University of Oregon. An early Oregon building style created by non-professional builders remembering buildings and styles from the East Coast. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hammudid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hammudid", + "comment": "Barrucand, Marianne and Achim Bednorz; Moorish Architecture in Andalucia, Los Angeles: Taschen GmbH, 2007. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HarmonistChristiansect", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Harmonist (Christian sect)", + "comment": "Zimmerman, Philip; Harmony in Wood, Ambridge, PA: Friends of Old Economy Village, 2010. Members of the Harmony Society, a pietist, communal German religious group of separatist Lutherans, founded in 1814 by German immigrant George Rapp (actually Johann Georg Rapp) and then settled in Pennsylvania and Indiana.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hattian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hattian", + "comment": "Term originated in the University of Oregon Visual Resources Collection slide collections. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HudsonRiverSchool", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hudson River School", + "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Inaqid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Inaqid", + "comment": "Hattstein, Markus and Peter Delius; Islam: Art and Architecture, Cologne: Könemann, 2000. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IncaHorizonPeriod", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Inca Horizon Period", + "comment": "Damian, Carol; Virgin of the Andes; Art and Ritual in Colonial Cuzco, Miami Beach: Grassfield Press, 1995. This period is also known as the Imperial Era, a period of great expansion for the Incan empire.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Jalayir", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jalayir", + "comment": "Term originated with the Freer Gallery of Art. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Jalayirid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jalayirid", + "comment": "Hattstein, Markus and Peter Delius; Islam: Art and Architecture, Cologne: Könemann, 2000. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Justiniac", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Justiniac", + "comment": "Kleiner, Fred S. and Christin J. Mamiya; Gardner's Art Through the Ages, Twelfth Edition, Belmont, California: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2005. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kaei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kaei", + "comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kambot", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kambot", + "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. 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Middle Minoan pottery style", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kerschstyle", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kersch style", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KhwarazmShahs", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Khwarazm-Shahs", + "comment": "Hattstein, Markus and Peter Delius; Islam: Art and Architecture, Cologne: Könemann, 2000. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Koetsustyle", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Koetsu style", + "comment": "Fischer, Felice, et al.; Arts of Hon'Ami Koetsu, Japanese Renaissance Master, Philadelphia: Philadephi Museum of Art, 2000. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Koimaristyle", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Koimari style", + "comment": "Singer, Robert T. et al.; Edo: Art in Japan 1615-1868, Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1998. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Konbaungdynasty", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Konbaung dynasty", + "comment": "Term originated in the University of Oregon Visual Resources Collection slide collections. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KotzebueSoundInuit", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kotzebue Sound Inuit", + "comment": "Lee, Molly and Gregory A. Reinhardt; Eskimo Architecture: Dwelling and Structure in the Early Historic Period, Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press and University of Alaska Museum, 2003. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Laeconian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Laeconian", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/lateFaliscan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "late Faliscan", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LateFlavian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Late Flavian", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LateHelladicIIIAB", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Late Helladic IIIA-B", + "comment": "Term originated in the University of Oregon Visual Resources Collection slide collections. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LateKofun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Late Kofun", + "comment": "Ford, Barbara Brennan; Arts of Japan, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1987. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LateMycenaeanIIICperiod", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Late Mycenaean IIIC period", + "comment": "Term originated in the University of Oregon Visual Resources Collection slide collections. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LatePeténarchitecture", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Late Petén architecture", + "comment": "Schmidt, Peter and Mercedes da la Garza and Enrique Nalda; Maya, New York: Rizzoli, 1998. Distinguished by compact mounds made from rough cut blocks, groups of complexes or monumental architectonic masses, connected by networks of walkways called, sacbeoob. A variant / sub - style is identified as the Megalithic style where fine stone cutting is utilized in designing building materials. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LateProtoAtticMainlandGreekpotterystyles", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Late Proto-Attic (Mainland Greek pottery styles)", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LateSang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Late Sang", + "comment": "Fong, Wen C. and James C.Y. Watt; Possessing the Past, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1996. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LevantoHelladic", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Levanto-Helladic", + "comment": "Term originated in the University of Oregon Visual Resources Collection slide collections. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Littlenestor", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Little nestor", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Maghrib", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Maghrib", + "comment": "Falk, Toby, ed.; Treatures of Islam, London: Philip Wilson Publishers, Ltd., 1985 . Use with African, North African", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MallaDynasty", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Malla Dynasty", + "comment": "Term originated with Saskia, Ltd. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Manghitid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Manghitid", + "comment": "http://www.papersearch.net/view/detail.asp?detail_key=1b400150. The Manghitid dynasty was founded by Muhammad Rahim, a chief of Manghit tribe, who was enthroned in 1756 through the execution of a Chingisid Bukharan khan. However, as one of the Bukharan 92 tribes, the Manghit tribe could not successfully claim their suzerainty over other tribes, who attained their own areas of influence. The Manghitids devised various measures to secure loyalty of other tribes, yet intractable nomadic tribes, including Khitai-Qipchaqs, refused to acknowledge Manghitids` legitimacy", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Marinid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Marinid", + "comment": "http://collection.britishmuseum.org/resource/thes/x116948. aka Merinid North African", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MayaLateClassical", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Maya Late Classical", + "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiddleApulian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Middle Apulian", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiddlePleistocene", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Middle Pleistocene", + "comment": "Encyclopædia Universalis. World Atlas of Archaeology, English edition, Boston: G.K. Hall & Company, 1985. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Middleprotogeometric", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Middle protogeometric", + "comment": "Term originated in the University of Oregon Visual Resources Collection slide collections. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Miletus", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Miletus", + "comment": "Charleston, Robert J.; Masterpieces of Western and Near Eastern Ceramics: Islamic Pottery, New York: Kodansha International/USA, Ltd., 1979. Ottoman pottery style. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MixtecaPueblaLatePostClassical", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mixteca-Puebla Late Post-Classical", + "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MizutaniSchool", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mizutani School", + "comment": "Singer, Robert T. et al.; Edo: Art in Japan 1615-1868, Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1998. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Modern", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Modern", + "comment": "Sullivan, Michael; Arts of China, Fourth Edition, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. Appropriate for Chinese art contemporary with but outside of the context of the People's Republic of China.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NagadahI", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nagadah I", + "comment": "Term originated in the University of Oregon Visual Resources Collection slide collections. subset of Amratian", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Nomadic", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nomadic", + "comment": "Hattstein, Markus and Peter Delius; Islam: Art and Architecture, Cologne: Könemann, 2000. Use only when no other term can be applied", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NorthernBaroque", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Northern Baroque", + "comment": "Term originated with Saskia, Ltd. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NorthwestRegional", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Northwest Regional", + "comment": "Clark, Rosalind; Architecture Oregon Style, Portland, OR: Professional Book Center, 1983. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NovgorodSchool", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Novgorod School", + "comment": "Kelly, Rosanna; Russia, London: Flint River, 1994. Refers to a tradition of Russian icon painting of the 12th-16th centuries. Use in conjunction with Byzantine.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OlmecEarlyFormative", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Olmec Early Formative", + "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. Gulf Coast Mesoamerican style", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PacificNorthwest", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pacific Northwest", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Leland Roth, University of Oregon. Regionally specific post-modernism.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Palatine", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Palatine", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/People'sRepublicofChina", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "People's Republic of China", + "comment": "Laing, Ellen Johnston; Winking Owl: Art from the People's Republic of China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988 . ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PergamonSchool", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pergamon School", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PergamonStyle", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pergamon Style", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Petodian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Petodian", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PhraRuangDynasty", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Phra Ruang Dynasty", + "comment": "Term originated with Saskia, Ltd. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PictorialStyle", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pictorial Style", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PlantationStyle", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Plantation Style", + "comment": "Term originated in the University of Oregon Visual Resources Collection slide collections. Antebellum vernacular architecture of the American South.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PlumBayou", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Plum Bayou", + "comment": "http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=547. Plum Bayou developed out of the earlier (300 BC to AD 650) Baytown culture", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PraKonChai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pra Kon Chai", + "comment": "Metropolitan Museum of Art; Asia, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1989. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Precanonical", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Precanonical", + "comment": "Getz-Preziosi, Pat; Sculptors of the Cyclades: Individual and Tradition in the Third Millennium B.C., Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1987. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Prehistoric", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Prehistoric", + "comment": "Mannikka, Eleanor; Selected Topics in Cataloging Asian Art: VRA, VRA Special Bulletin No. 4, Visual Resources Association, 1989. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PrimitiveRedfigure", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Primitive Red-figure", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ProtoApulian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Proto-Apulian", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ProtoItaliate", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Proto-Italiate", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/pseudochalkidian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "pseudo-chalkidian", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Rationalist", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Rationalist", + "comment": "Robinson, William H, Jordi Falgàs, and Carmen Belen Lord; Barcelona and Modernity: Picasso, Gaudí, Miró, Dalí, Cleveland, New Haven: Cleveland Museum of Art, Yale University Press, 2006. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RepublicofChina", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Republic of China", + "comment": "Laing, Ellen Johnston; Winking Owl: Art from the People's Republic of China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988 . ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RestorationFrench", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Restoration (French)", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Art Hawn, University of Oregon. Reign of Louis XVIII, Charles X, Louis-Philippe and Napoleon III. Revivals of late 18th century furniture and industrial forms, cheapened by machine manufacturing.--Art Hawn ARH475/575 study guide", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Romanticorientalism", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Romantic orientalism", + "comment": "Ackerman, Gerald M.; Life and Work of Jean-Leon Gerome, with a Catalogue Raisonne, New York: Sotheby's Publications, 1986. Use both Romantic and Romantic orientalism as this term is not authoritative.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ryukyu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ryukyu", + "comment": "http://collection.britishmuseum.org/resource?uri=http%3A%2F%2Fcollection.britishmuseum.org%2Fid%2Fplace%2Fx18442. Ryukyuan lacquerware is one of the chief artistic products of the Ryukyu Islands (today Okinawa Prefecture of Japan), and represents a form and style of lacquerware which is distinct from that of the surrounding cultures. Though distinct in its own ways, it is strongly influenced by Chinese, Japanese, and Southeast Asian modes.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Saltukid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Saltukid", + "comment": "http://archnet.org/. Turkey", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Saruhan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Saruhan", + "comment": "http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9065814/Saruhan-Dynasty. Turkmen dynasty (c. 1300–1410) that ruled in the Manisa region of western Anatolia. The dynasty was founded by Saruhan, a tribal chief and frontier prince in the service of the Seljuqs of Anatolia who traced his descent to the Khwarezm-Shahs of Central Asia; after its conquest of Manisa (1313), the dynasty's principality extended its territories to the Aegean Sea. Surrounded by the Turkmen principalities of Aydin, Germiyan, and Karasi, Saruhan became a seafaring state with a large fleet. It was active in the Mediterranean trade and supplied leadership, together with Aydin, to the gazis (warriors for the Islamic faith) in their incursions into Byzantine coastal territories. The loss of Izmir (1344) to Western crusaders by the Aydin principality and the rise of the Ottomans as the dominant power on the Byzantine frontier closed the channels of trade and coastal raids for Saruhan. In 1390 it was annexed by the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I; but its independence was restored by the Central Asian ruler Timur (Tamerlane) in 1402. Finally, c. 1410, the last Saruhan ruler, Hizir, was killed by the Ottoman prince Mehmed Çelebi (later Sultan Mehmed I), and Saruhan was reincorporated into the Ottoman Empire. (http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9065814/Saruhan-Dynasty)", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Shahi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shahi", + "comment": "Barnhart, Richard M.; Metropolitan Museum of Art: Asia, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1987. Shahi school of Eastern Afghanistan, which worked almost exclusively in white marble and produced some extraordinary Hindu sculptures during the 7th through the 9th centuries. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShangStyleII", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shang Style II", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). Advent of new vessel types, not necessarily dependent on Neolithic pottery forms. Decorative motifs include taotie and gui dragon (one-eyed animal in profile).", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShangStyleIII", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shang Style III", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). Fully developed in the transitional period from Zhengzhou to Anyang. Patterns cover greater amount of vessel surface. Decoration executed on the model, rather than in the mold. Vessels of this type are found at Zhengzhou, Erligang, Panlongcheng, and Anyang.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Sharqi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sharqi", + "comment": "Hattstein, Markus and Peter Delius; Islam: Art and Architecture, Cologne: Könemann, 2000. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Shaybanid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shaybanid", + "comment": "Hattstein, Markus and Peter Delius; Islam: Art and Architecture, Cologne: Könemann, 2000. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SicánLateMiddleperiod", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sicán Late Middle period", + "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Sikh", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sikh", + "comment": "Goswamy, B. N. and Caron Smith; Domains of Wonder: Selected Masterworks of Indian Painting, San Diego: San Diego Museum of Art, 2005. Punjabi region", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SouthGallic", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "South Gallic", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SouthernDynasties", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Southern Dynasties", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). Encompasses Eastern Jin, Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang, and Chen dynasties.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Soviet", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Soviet", + "comment": "Emmanuil Evzerikhin, St. Petersburg: Palace Editions for the State Russian Museum, 2007. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SpanishBaroque", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Spanish Baroque", + "comment": "Term originated with Archivision, Inc. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/St.Johns", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "St. Johns", + "comment": "http://wapedia.mobi/en/St._Johns_culture. Pre-Columbian Lower Mississippi Valley styles The St. Johns culture was an archaeological culture in northeastern Florida, USA that lasted from about 500 BCE (the end of the Archaic period) until shortly after European contact in the 17th century. The St. Johns culture was present along the St. Johns River and its tributaries (including the Oklawaha River, and along the Atlantic coast of Florida from the mouth of the St. Johns River south to a point east of the head of the St. Johns River, near present-day Cocoa Beach, Florida. At the time of first European contact, the St. Johns culture area was inhabited by speakers of the Mocama (or Agua Salada), Agua Fresca and Acuera dialects of the Timucua language and by the Mayacas. --http://wapedia.mobi/en/St._Johns_culture", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SubgeometricII", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sub-geometric II", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SusaKuzajaran", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Susa-Kuzajaran", + "comment": "Strommenger, Eva; 5000 Years of the Art of Mesopotamia, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1964. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TarimBasin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tarim Basin", + "comment": "Exhibition of Ancient Art Treasures of the People's Republic of China: Archaeological Finds of the Han to Tang dynasty unearthed at sites along the Silk Road, Tokyo: Yomiuri Shinbunsha, 1979. Buddhistic kingdoms in the oasis settlements of the Taklamakan desert", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TerminalClassicMesoamericanperiod", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Terminal Classic (Mesoamerican period)", + "comment": "Miller, Mary Ellen; The Art of Mesoamerica, London: Thames and Hudson, 2001. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Tiwanaku", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tiwanaku", + "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. Probably Pre-Columbian Andean period, Early Intermediate period", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UltimateLaTène", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ultimate La Tène", + "comment": "Ryan, Michael; Treasures of Ireland: Irish Art 3000 B.C. - 1500 A.D., Dublin: Royal Irish Academy, 1983. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Unalirmiut", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Unalirmiut", + "comment": "Lee, Molly and Gregory A. Reinhardt; Eskimo Architecture: Dwelling and Structure in the Early Historic Period, Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press and University of Alaska Museum, 2003. Use with Yup'ik culture see also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yup%27ik", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Uqaylid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Uqaylid", + "comment": "http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9074408/Uqaylid-Dynasty. Muslim Arab dynasty whose various branches ruled Mosul (c. 992–1096) and Takrit (1036–c. 1057), in what is now Iraq. The 'Uqaylids, descendants of the famous Bedouin tribe of 'Amir ibn Sa'sa'ah, established themselves in Jazirat ibn 'Umar, Nisibin (modern Nusaybin, Tur.), and Balad (northern Iraq) at the end of the 10th century. Abu adh-Dhawwud Muhammad (reigned c. 990–996), the first 'Uqaylid, was drawn into the struggle between the Hamdanids and Marwanids for possession of Mosul and eventually succeeded the Hamdanids as emir of Mosul, though remaining nominally subject to the Buyids of Baghdad. (http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9074408/Uqaylid-Dynasty)", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WesternZhouStyleI", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Western Zhou Style I", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). Middle Western Zhou characteristics: decline in variety, standardization in vessel shape, and reduction in size. Smooth, rounded forms without flanges and angularity. Decorated with birds and dragons; large panels or narrow bands of ornament. Main shapes the same. Changes in burial patterns (jades buried, some designed to cover facial features). Bells appear in tombs. Vessels in shapes of animals appear (in Shang, this type found in the south). Bronze copies of pottery vessels.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yan", + "comment": "Suzhou Institute of Landscape Architectural Design; Suzhou gardens, Beijing: Zhongguo jian zhu gong ye chu ban she, 1999. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZagueDynasty", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zague Dynasty", + "comment": "Mazrui, Ali A.; Africans: A Triple Heritage, First Paperback edition, Boston; Toronto: Little, Brown and Company, 1986. Ethiopian Salomonian dynasty of Abyssinia See. Lalibela, King of Ethiopia", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZaydiDynasty", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zaydi (Dynasty)", + "comment": "http://archnet.org/. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bichromatic", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bichromatic", + "comment": "Term used by Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon, referring to two-toned sub-geometric pottery. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Cabiron", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cabiron", + "comment": "Term used by Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon, referring to the Cabeirion Sanctuary in ancient Thebes. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EarlyApulianpotterystyle", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Early Apulian (pottery style)", + "comment": "Term used by Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon, referring to Apulian pottery of ca. 400-380 BCE. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LateProtoAtticMainlandGreekpotterystyles", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Late Proto-Attic (Mainland Greek pottery styles)", + "comment": "Term used by Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon, referring to Pro-Attic pottery of the late 7th century BCE. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Geometricphase2", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Geometric phase 2", + "comment": "Term used by Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon, referring to Late Geometric Italian pottery. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/airportterminals", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "airport terminals", + "comment": "Local term. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Carpentertools", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Carpenter tools", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Kingston Heath, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Chinesebrushpaintingsvisualworks", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chinese brush paintings (visual works)", + "comment": "Local term. Use for traditional style paintings using brush, watercolor and ink washes. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/continuouscurveamphoraetype1", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "continuous curve amphorae type 1", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/continuouscurveamphoraeTypeA", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "continuous curve amphorae Type A", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/culturaldocumentation", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "cultural documentation", + "comment": "General classification for hierarchal purposes. Vcat provided Classification", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/cupstypeA", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "cups type A", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/cupstypeB", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "cups type B", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/cupstypeC", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "cups type C", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Dragendorffform37", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dragendorff form 37", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/epicranitis", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "epicranitis", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/garmenthooks", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "garment hooks", + "comment": "Local term. Ornamental hooks used to fasten belts or clothing in Asia (Chinese: dai gou or daigou). ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/installationenvironmentalstagesets", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "installation, environmental, stage sets", + "comment": "General classification for hierarchal purposes. Vcat provided Classification", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ivoryandbone", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "ivory and bone", + "comment": "General classification for hierarchal purposes. Vcat provided Classification", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/jewelrygems", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "jewelry, gems", + "comment": "General classification for hierarchal purposes. Vcat provided Classification", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/manuscriptsandbooks", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "manuscripts and books", + "comment": "General classification for hierarchal purposes. Vcat provided Classification", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/mapsandglobes", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "maps and globes", + "comment": "General classification for hierarchal purposes. Vcat provided Classification", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/musicmusicalinstruments", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "music, musical instruments", + "comment": "General classification for hierarchal purposes. Vcat provided Classification", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/pistrina", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "pistrina", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Pontzamphorae", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pontz amphorae", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/prochus", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "prochus", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/recreationandgames", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "recreation and games", + "comment": "General classification for hierarchal purposes. Vcat provided Classification", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/skylla", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "skylla", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/stamnoidollas", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "stamnoid ollas", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/textilesweavingandfiberarts", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "textiles, weaving, and fiber arts", + "comment": "General classification for hierarchal purposes. Vcat provided Classification", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/thermopolia", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "thermopolia", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/toolsandequipment", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "tools and equipment", + "comment": "General classification for hierarchal purposes. Vcat provided Classification", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/typeA", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "type A", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/urbanandtopographicalviews", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "urban and topographical views", + "comment": "General classification for hierarchal purposes. Vcat provided Classification", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VotiveClayShield", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Votive Clay Shield", + "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/aibanprints", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "aiban (prints)", + "comment": "Yamane, Yūzō; Fūzokuga to Ukiyoe shi (Genshoku Nihon no Bijutsu, v.24), 1971. Japanese prints aproximately 34.5 x 22.5 cm or (9 x 13 in). ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/almaizars", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "almaizars", + "comment": "Dodds, Jerrilynn D.; Al-Andalus: the Art of Islamic Spain, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1992. Muslim headdress. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/karansé", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "karansé", + "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. Associated with the northern Mossi people. A face mask surmounted by an antelpe head and horns with a plank-like superstructure behind them. in Vcat", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/panelpaintingsAsian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "panel paintings (Asian)", + "comment": "Nakano, Masaki; Shōsōin to jōdai kaiga : Asuka Nara no kaiga kōgei, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992 (. Paintings on large wood panels, installed inside buildings such as pagodas and temples. Usually featuring Buddhist deities.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/pavilionsAsian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "pavilions (Asian)", + "comment": "Tsuji, Nobuo, Kiyoshi Hirai, and Yoshiaki Yabe; Shiro to chashitsu, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/tagres", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "tagres", + "comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/vajra", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "vajra", + "comment": "Nakano, Masaki, Yutaka Hirata, and Masayuki Sekiguchi; Mandara to raigōzu, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. Vajra (Devanagari: वज्र) is a Sanskrit word meaning both thunderbolt and diamond and is a ritual tool or spiritual implement which is symbolically important to both Buddhism and Hinduism, but is particularly important in Buddhism. The equivalent word in Tibetan is dorje (Wylie: rdo-rje; ZWPY: dojê), which is also a common male name in Tibet and Bhutan. Dorje can also refer to a small sceptre held in the right hand by Tibetan lamas during religious ceremonies. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/chutanzakutanzaku", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "chu-tanzaku (tanzaku)", + "comment": "http://www.gordonsart.com/datastore_home/datastore_help/6ppb_yo.htm. Japanese prints, also known as tanzaku, from an oban cut in half lengthwise. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ōhosobanotanzaku", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "ō-hosoban (o-tanzaku)", + "comment": "http://mercury.lcs.mit.edu/~jnc/prints/glossary.html. Literally, a large hosoban. A fairly rare, narrow print size (about 38 x 17 cm) often used for kacho-ga prints by Hiroshige. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ADeanMcKenzieCollection", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "A. Dean McKenzie Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AlbertOliverBiggerstaffCollection", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Albert Oliver Biggerstaff Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AmericanPublicSculpture16781951", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "American Public Sculpture: 1678-1951", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndrewMorroghCollection", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Andrew Morrogh Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArchivisionAdditionalModuleEIGHT", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": 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"2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArchivisionAdditionalmoduleSEVEN", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Archivision Additional module SEVEN", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArchivisionAdditionalModuleSIX", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Archivision Additional Module SIX", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArchivisionAdditionalModuleTHREE", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Archivision Additional Module THREE", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArchivisionAdditionalModuleTWO", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Archivision Additional Module TWO", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArchivisionBASECollection", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Archivision BASE Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArtHistoryDepartmentCollection", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Art History Department Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArtInPublicTransitSeattleUSA", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Art In Public Transit: Seattle, USA", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArthurRayGilmoreCollection", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Arthur 'Ray' Gilmore Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BakerLightingSet", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Baker Lighting Set", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BarbaraHoughtonCollection", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Barbara Houghton Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BarcelonaArtinPublicPlaces", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Barcelona: Art in Public Places", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BarcelonaContemporaryArchitecture", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Barcelona: Contemporary Architecture", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BarcelonaModernismeandGaudí", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Barcelona: Modernisme and Gaudí", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BarcelonaPlazasParksandPromenades", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Barcelona: Plazas, Parks and Promenades", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BarnhartRichardM", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Barnhart, Richard M.", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BernardFreemesserCollection", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bernard Freemesser Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BernardMcTigueCollection", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bernard McTigue Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CarolynSenftCollection", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Carolyn Senft Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CharlesGilmanDavisCollection", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Charles Gilman Davis Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CharlesTandCharleneLeFebreCollection", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Charles T. and Charlene LeFebre Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChicagoSurveyofContemporaryPublicSculpture", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chicago: Survey of Contemporary Public Sculpture", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChristineSundtCollection", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Christine Sundt Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChristineTheodoropoulosCollection", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Christine Theodoropoulos Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollaborationsArtistsArchitectsandDesigners", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collaborations: Artists, Architects and Designers", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ContemporaryMuralsinAmerica", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Contemporary Murals in America", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ContemporaryNativeAmericanArt", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Contemporary Native American Art", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CynthiaLewisBerryCollection", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cynthia Lewis-Berry Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DaivdABainbridgeCollection", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Daivd A. 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Munich", + "date": "1890-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BVoinchetArchitecte", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "B. Voinchet Architecte", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Boulevard Lacaussade 29 65000 Tarbes France", + "date": "active 19th-21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BabledFlorence", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Babled, Florence", + "comment": "Prache, Anne; Charttres Cathedral: image of the heavenly Jerusalem, Paris: CNRS Editions, 1993. 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Taylor", + "date": "1819-1901", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BadaShanren", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bada, Shanren", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). b22d22 Alternate name: Zhū Dā (朱耷), Pa-ta-shan-jen, 八大山人 Ming Dynasty (1624-1705) The artist we know as Bada Shanren was born in the last years of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) into a literary and artistic family that was one branch of the Ming imperial clan. Bada Shanren took refuge from advancing Qing armies in a Chan (Zen) Buddhist monastery. Intelligent, talented, and highly educated, he soon attained the rank of abbot and continued to live as a Buddhist monk for more than thirty years. His decision to leave the monastery coincided approximately with an episode of madness—whether real or feigned cannot be determined—followed by a brief, unhappy marriage, and, finally, a gradual adjustment to the demands of earning a living as an artist. Throughout his life—for his own safety—he concealed his identity as a Ming prince, but the construction of new identities was a recurrent strategy for Bada Shanren, and he frequently gave himself new pseudonyms that hinted at his shifting self-images. The artist's enigmatic pictures of fish, birds, plants, and landscapes are rendered in seemingly blunt but wonderfully subtle strokes of ink. Forms seem to break apart, cut off by the edge of album pages, leaving the center of the paper disconcertingly blank. Bug-eyed animals stare up at mossy rocks that appear to hover in midair. Habitually employing veiled language, Bada Shanren's inscriptions and highly allusive poems often add to the mystification. 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", + "date": "active ca. 1600", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BagozziAndrea", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bagozzi, Andrea", + "comment": "Schmidt, Peter and Mercedes da la Garza and Enrique Nalda; Maya, New York: Rizzoli, 1998. ", + + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BahadurAlchinYalantush", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bahadur, Alchin Yalantush", + "comment": "Hattstein, Markus and Peter Delius; Islam: Art and Architecture, Cologne: Könemann, 2000. 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Chinese artist, born in Luoyang, Henan Province; lives and works in Beijing.", + "date": "b. 1968", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BaiYiru", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bai, Yiru", + "comment": "Nebiolo, Gino; La Cina dei Cinesi, Ivrea: Priuli & Verlucca, 1973. Chinese peasant painter during the Cultural Revolution", + "date": "active ca. 1965", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BaileyJosephAlexis", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bailey, Joseph Alexis", + "comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. ", + "date": "1825-1883", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BaileyOscar", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bailey, Oscar", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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", + "date": "active ca. 1896-1912", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BaiokenEishun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Baioken, Eishun", + "comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", + "date": "fl. 1700-1736", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BairdDavidCondit", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Baird, David Condit", + "comment": "UO AAA Library Architectural Drawing Collection. UO architecture student 1920s", + "date": "active 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BAKarquitectos", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "BAKarquitectos", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "2005 - 2012", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BakerLaportePaula", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Baker Laporte, Paula", + "comment": "McGregor, Suzi Moore and Nora Burba Trulsson; Living Homes: Sustainable Architecture and Design, San Francisco: Chronicle Press, 2008. American architect and builder.", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BakerGeorge", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Baker, George", + "comment": "Bernard, Bruce; Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography, 1840-1940, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. photographer", + "date": "active 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BakerRachel", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Baker, Rachel", + "comment": "Greene, Rachel; Internet Art, London: Thames & Hudson, 2004. 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", + "date": "born ca. 1882", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BalitungMahaSambu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Balitung Maha Sambu", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. king in Central Java during the Sanjaya dynasty", + "date": "9th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BalkanAdeleElizabeth", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Balkan, Adele Elizabeth", + "comment": "Maeder, Edward. Hollywood and history : Costume design in film. Los Angeles, Calif. : Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1987. 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Chinese architectural firm", + "date": "active early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChauchetGuillerCharlotte", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chauchet-Guiller, Charlotte", + "comment": "Brunhammer, Yvonne and Suzanne Tise; Decorative Arts in France, 1900-1942, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1990. 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Alternate names: Farrukh-i Khurd-i Chela Mughal painter", + "date": "active 1580-1615", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChelseaKeramicArtWorks", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chelsea Keramic Art Works", + "comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. Begun as a workshop by its founder Alexander William Robertson in 1865 and became a family firm in 1872 when he was joined by his father and two brothers.", + "date": "1872-1889", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenYongzhi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen Yongzhi", + "comment": "Museum of Fine Arts Boston, New York: Newsweek, 1969. ", + + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenBanding", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Banding", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenChangxi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Changxi", + "comment": "Clunas, Craig; Empire of Great Brightness: Visual and Material Cultures of Ming China, 1368-1644, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2007. ", + "date": "17th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenChongguang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Chongguang", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2001. ", + + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenDanqing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Danqing", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + "date": "born 1953", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenDao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Dao", + "comment": "Goepper, Roger; Essence of Chinese Painting, Boston: Boston Book and Art Shop, 1963. Chinese painter; alternative name Chen Zhi", + "date": "active first half 17th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenDehua", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Dehua", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + "date": "active second half 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenGongbo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Gongbo", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2003. ", + + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenGua", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Gua", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38g36 Alternate names: Ch'en Kua, 陳括 Ming Dynasty", + "date": "active ca. 1546-1554", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenGuangwu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Guangwu", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Liuzhou, Guangxi Province; works in Beijing.", + "date": "b. 1967", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenHaiyan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Haiyan", + "comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Fusheng, Liaoning province", + "date": "born 1955", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenHengke", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Hengke", + "comment": "Fong, Wen; Between Two Cultures: Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Chinese Paintings From the Robert H. Ellsworth Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; New Haven: Metropolitan Museum of Art; Yale University Press, 2001. ", + "date": "1876-1923", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenHengque", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Hengque", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2004. ", + + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenHong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Hong", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38h33 Alternate names: Ch'en Hung, 陳閎 Tang Dynasty", + "date": "active ca. 714-742", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenHongshou", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Hongshou", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38h33s44 Alternate names: Ch'en Hung-shou, 陳洪綬 Ming Dynasty", + "date": "1599-1652", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenHuichiao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Hui-chiao", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Tanshui; now resides in Taipei", + "date": "born 1964", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenJiru", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Ji-ru", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38j25y24 Alternate names: Ch'en Chi-ju, 陳繼儒 Ming dynasty (b Huating, Jiangsu Province [modern Songjiang, Shanghai Municipality], 16 Dec 1558; d 19 Oct 1639). Chinese editor, writer, calligrapher and painter. He exemplified the literati ideal of the accomplished gentleman–scholar who rejected the sordid world of political involvement and devoted himself to a life of literary, artistic and philosophical pursuit. At the age of 28, having passed the prefectural examination, the first important step leading to a career in government office, Chen renounced official life in a dramatic gesture, by burning his Confucian cap and gown. Thereafter he lived at country retreats at Kunshan and then Mt She, near Huating in Jiangsu Province: entertaining guests; writing and editing; composing the poems, prefaces, epitaphs and biographies for which he was in constant demand; and travelling to places of scenic beauty in the company of friends. Chen followed the lead of his close friend Dong qichang, the foremost painter, calligrapher and connoisseur of the late Ming period (1368–1644), in admiring the Southern school of painting. His best-known book on painting and calligraphy, the Nigulu (‘A record of my love for the antique’), is a collection of short passages that evaluate the great masters of the past or comment on works seen at the homes of artists and collectors, who often invited him to append his colophons. In calligraphy, he modelled himself most closely on the Song (960–1279) masters, Su shi and Mi Fu (see Mi, (1)). By attempting to combine Su’s strength of brushwork with Mi’s brilliant variety of stroke, he succeeded in forming his own style of running script (xingshu), distinguished by its angularity and continual fluctuation between heavy and fine strokes, punctuated here and there by elongated horizontals set at a decided slant. Among his paintings, notably of plums, his smaller compositions are the more successful: album leaves with a single branch engagingly captured within a small frame (e.g. Plum Blossoms, ink on paper; Kyoto, N. Mus.). His larger compositions are less skilfully contrived, their different elements failing to fuse into a well-structured and cohesive whole. The landscapes that go by his name are often in the loose, wet style associated with Mi Fu. The 20th-century art historian Xu Bangda maintains that they are all either forgeries or daibi (paintings executed for him at his own request by artists belonging to his circle, often with Chen’s genuine inscription and seals) and should be classed simply as products of the Songjiang (i.e. Huating) school. Chen’s place in Chinese art history derives from his close involvement in the intellectual and artistic milieu of Huating, into which were drawn many of the most talented artists of his time, by whom he was regarded with special affection and admiration. So fond of Chen was Dong Qichang that he built a studio named Laizhong lou (‘Pavilion to welcome Zhong[shun]’); and a younger contemporary, the painter and calligrapher Huang Daozhou, wrote of him: ‘For noble aspirations and breadth of learning, there is no one to match Jiru.’--DOA", + "date": "1558-1639", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenJunde", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Junde", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter", + "date": "active ca. 1980", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenJuzhong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Juzhong", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38j36z45 Alternate names: Ch'en Chü-chung, 陳居中 Song dynasty", + "date": "active ca. 1201-1204", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenKaiming", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Kaiming", + "comment": "Nebiolo, Gino; La Cina dei Cinesi, Ivrea: Priuli & Verlucca, 1973. Chinese peasant painter during the Cultural Revolution", + "date": "active ca. 1965", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenKaizhi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Kaizhi", + "comment": "Nebiolo, Gino; La Cina dei Cinesi, Ivrea: Priuli & Verlucca, 1973. Chinese peasant painter during the Cultural Revolution", + "date": "active ca. 1965", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenLian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Lian", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38j34 Alternate names: Ch'en Lien, 陳廉 Ming dynasty", + "date": "active ca. 1620", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenLide", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Lide", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenLingyang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Lingyang", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Zhejiang Province; graduated from the Central Academy of Fine Arts in Beijing in 1999; lives and works in Beijing", + "date": "b. 1975", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Chenlisheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, lisheng", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Henan Province, art amateur; alternate name: 陈力生", + "date": "born 1926", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenLu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Lu", + "comment": "Bickford, Maggie; Bones of Jade, Soul of Ice, New Haven: Yale University Art Gallery, 1985. Chinese painter", + "date": "active 1436-1449", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenMaozhi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Maozhi", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", + "date": "active ca. 1980", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenMei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Mei", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38m27 Alternate names: Ch'en Mei, 陳枚 Qing dynasty", + "date": "active ca. 1730-1742", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenMingzhi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Mingzhi", + "comment": "He, Li and Michael Knight; Power and Glory: Court Arts of China's Ming Dynasty, San Francisco: Asian Art Museum, 2008. Nanjing brickworker during the Hongwu reign period of the Ming", + "date": "late 14th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenPing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Ping", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenRong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Rong", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38r29 Alternate names: Ch'en Jung, 陳容 Song dynasty (b Changle, Fujian Province; fl 1235–62). Chinese painter and poet. He passed the national civil-service examination to obtain the title of jinshi in 1235 and held several official posts, the last of which was the governorship of Putian (Fujian Province). He specialized in monochrome-ink paintings of dragons, and he was also well known as the author of heroic poems during the 1250s. He is said to have studied the poems and paintings of flying dragons by Li Yu (reg 961–75), ruler of the Southern Tang period (937–75). Eleven paintings of dragons are attributed to Chen Rong, of which three may be genuine or accurate copies made during the Southern Song period (1127–1279). Nine Dragons Appearing through Clouds and Waves (handscroll, ink with touches of red on paper, 0.46×10.96 m; Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.) is inscribed by the artist and dated 1244. The dragons are drawn in calligraphic lines that stand out against the background of clouds, rocks and water. Their heads express their power and also betray a certain humour, two attributes of the Dao (‘Way’). In contrast to the old-fashioned depiction of triangular scales on the dragons’ bodies, the background is expressionistic, executed in varied ink tones produced by rubbing the paper with an ink-soaked cloth. Long, sweeping brushstrokes are used to draw the movements of the clouds and water, while short brushstrokes of dry and wet ink conjure the massive rocks.--DOA", + "date": "active ca. 1235-1262", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenRuyan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Ruyan", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38r33y24 Alternate names: Ch'en Ju-yen, 陳汝言 Yuan dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, ?1331; d 1371). Chinese painter and scholar. He grew up in the Lake Tai region of Jiangsu Province, the area around which literati artists of the Yuan (1279–1368) and early Ming (1368–1644) periods were active. The Yuan dynasty was in decline, attended by political turmoil and military strife, and Chen served in military and civil positions first under the rebel leader Zhang Shicheng and then under Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder and first emperor (Hongwu, reg 1368–98) of the Ming dynasty. Chen’s painting career spanned barely two decades; he was not prolific, but his small corpus of extant works presents a well-focused image of the range and style and expression available to a scholar–painter in the Suzhou area from the late 1350s to the early 1370s. Chen’s earliest extant work, Picture of the Jing River ( Jing xi tu; hanging scroll, ink on silk; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), executed when he was not yet 30, was commissioned with specific requirements. Painted for the Wang family, recently displaced from their villa by the Jing River because of rebel fighting, the scroll presents a panoramic composition using long hemp-fibre texture strokes ( pima cun) and schematic yet literal architectural detail. Chen is cited as the painter of this nostalgic portrayal (though he did not sign it) in an inscription of 1359 by one of the Four Masters of the Yuan period, Ni Zan, a friend of the Chen family. Chen was pursuing his official duties, probably in Hangzhou, under worsening threat from rival armies when he painted Woodcutter of Mt Luofu (Luofu shan qiao tu; hanging scroll, ink on silk; Cleveland, OH, Dean Perry priv. col.). Unlike his early works, which depicted local sites, this was an idealized landscape in which Chen employed his characteristic hemp-fibre texture strokes to represent the distant mountain. Mt Luofu, in Guangdong Province, was linked in popular myth with the floating paradise of Penglai, the land of the Daoist immortals, supposed to be situated on the coast of the province. The woodcutter theme was a traditional image of withdrawal. Chen Ruyan was executed for unspecified political offences in the autumn of 1371. A brief eulogy inscribed by Ni Zan in the 12th month of that year on Chen’s Land of Immortals (Xianshan tu; handscroll, ink and colour on silk; Cleveland, OH, Dean Perry priv. col.) cites as Chen’s source the early Yuan artist Zhao Mengfu, whose works Chen may have seen during his official stay in Wuxing and Hangzhou, in Zhejiang Province. In this vision of paradise, Chen employed the blue-and-green palette of mineral colours first used in the Tang period (ad 618–907) together with long fibrous strokes that textured the undulating mountain forms. Chen Ruyan’s descendants continued the family tradition of scholarship into the 15th century. His son Chen Ji (1370–1434) and grandson Chen Kuan (1398–after 1467) figured prominently in Suzhou’s intellectual circles, and Chen Kuan was one of the principal teachers of the young Shen zhou.--DOA", + "date": "ca. 1331-1371", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenShabing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Shabing", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province; original name: Chen Suping; alternate name: 陈沙兵", + "date": "1920-1979", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenShaofeng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Shaofeng", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", + "date": "b. 1961", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenShaoxiong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Shaoxiong", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Shantou, Guangdong Province; graduated 1984 from Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts; member of the Big Tail Elephant Group.", + "date": "b. 1962", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenShu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Shu", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38s455 Alternate names: Ch'en Shu, 陳舒 Qing dynasty From Zhejiang province. Second wife of Qian Lunguang, a poet and calligrapher who occasionally added inscriptions to Shu's paintings. Her father-in-law, Qian Ruizheng, was a noted calligrapher and painter who appreciated her work. After her death, her son Qian Chenqun gave many of her paintings to the Qianlong Emperor. Poet and calligrapher. Painted the full range of traditional subjects, including religious figures, landscapes, birds, flowers, and plants. --Weidner", + "date": "1660-1736", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenShun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Shun", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38s53 Alternate names: Ch'en Shun, 陳淳; Chen Chun Ming dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 1483; d 1544). Chinese painter, calligrapher and poet. Born into a wealthy family of the scholar–official class, he is known for his landscapes (see fig.) and flower paintings. He was once a student of Wen Zhengming and was loosely associated with the Wu school. He is best known for his landscapes in the style of the Northern Song-period (960–1127) master Mi Fu and his son, Mi Youren, and of their Yuan-period (1279–1368) interpreter, Gao Kegong (see fig.). The Mi style was rarely appreciated by Suzhou artists, but Chen’s affinity for it could be explained by the fact that his family owned a painting by Mi Youren. The style is characterized by cone-shaped or rounded hills composed of large, horizontal, wet blobs of ink applied in vertical layers. Chen added motifs and techniques borrowed from the Suzhou artist Shen Zhou, such as rhomboid plateaux outlined with dry brush lines and squat, blocky figures. Chen further modified the Mi style, giving it a rich, colouristic effect by introducing fluid colour washes and large blobs of blue and buff, as in his Hills and Streams after Rain (handscroll, ink and colour on paper; Kansas City, MO, Nelson–Atkins Mus. A.). Chen Shun’s flower paintings range from isolated, single sprays of blossoms to tangled masses of grasses and flowering plants. He worked in both ink monochrome and colour, using an unevenly loaded brush to create shaded strokes suggesting depth and shadow. Chen enhanced the quality of depth and form with a puddling technique, applying dark tones over still-wet light areas. In some of his flower paintings, for example Garden Flowers (album, ink and colours on gold-flecked paper, 1540; New York, Met.), he combined ink-outlined, colour-filled (goule) blooms with those done in the ‘boneless’ (mogu) style. He covered the surface of one page in this album with flowers of different shapes, colours and sizes: large white lilies, smaller pink carnations and tiny yellow asters. In common with his landscapes, his flower paintings are sensuous and richly coloured. His influence is apparent in the work of Xu Wei and Jiang Pu, whose lotuses directly imitate those by Chen Shun. He and Xu Wei are often referred to together by later artists and critics as baiyang qingteng (‘full sun, green tendrils’) for their expressive style of flower painting.--DOA", + "date": "1483-1544", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenShunchu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Shun-chu", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. b. Pescadores (Penghu), Taiwan B.A., Chinese Cultural University, Taipei, 1986", + "date": "b. 1963", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenShuren", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Shuren", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenTianran", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Tianran", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Henan, member of the Chinese Art Association, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 陈天然 ", + "date": "born 1926", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenTiegeng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Tiegeng", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Xingning, Guangdong Province; alternate name: 陈铁耕", + "date": "1908-1970", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenWeixiong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Weixiong", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese painter specializing in folk art designs", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenWenbo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Wenbo", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Chongqing, Sichuan Province; graduated from the Sichuan Academy of Fine Art; lives and works in Beijing.", + "date": "b. 1969", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenXian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Xian", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38x24 Alternate names: Ch'en Hsien, 陳賢 Ming dynasty", + "date": "active ca. 1635-1675", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenYanning", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Yanning", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + "date": "born 1945", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenYanqiao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Yanqiao", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). Also published prints under the name Li Wucheng, was mentored by Lu Xun in the woodcut movement, co-founded both the Wild Grain Woodcut Society and the Empty Wave Painting Society in 1933. Helped Li Hua organize the second National Traveling Woodcut Exhibition of 1936.", + "date": "1911-ca. 1970", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenYanyin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Yanyin", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", + "date": "active ca. 1995", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenYifei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Yifei", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). Chinese painter, fashion designer; commercially successful in the United States", + "date": "1946-2005", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenYiming", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Yiming", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", + "date": "active ca. 1980", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenYinchao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Yinchao", + "comment": "Rotondo, Lisa E.; Chinese Revolutionary Woodcuts, 1935-1948: From the Herman Collection, Middletown (CT): Davison Art Center, 1984. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenYuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Yuan", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38y37 Alternate names: Ch'en Yüan, 陳遠 Ming dynasty", + "date": "Ming dynasty", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenYuexi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Yuexi", + "comment": "Wu Tung; Tales From the Land of Dragons: 1,000 Years of Chinese Painting, Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1997. ", + "date": "ca. 14th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenZhifo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Zhifo", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). Chinese painter from Zhejiang, studied in Japan, known for his bird and flower paintings in the gongbi style.", + "date": "1896-1962", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenZihe", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Zihe", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38z57h27 Alternate names: Ch'en Tzu-ho, 陳子和 Ming dynasty", + "date": "active ca. 1500", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenZongyuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chen, Zongyuan", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. no information available about this artist ", + "date": "active Ming dynasty", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CheneyRH", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cheney, R.H.", + "comment": "Bernard, Bruce; Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography, 1840-1940, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. ", + "date": "active 1850s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengConglin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cheng, Conglin", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengJunfang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cheng, Junfang", + "comment": "Possessing the past : treasures from the National Palace Museum, Taipei / Wen C. Fong, James C.Y. Watt; with contributions by Richard M. Barnhart ... [et al]. New York : Metropolitan Museum of Art : Distributed by H.N. Abrams, 1996. ", + + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengLi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cheng, Li", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "born 1941", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengMian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cheng, Mian", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. Cheng was born in Weifang, Shandong Province. He occupied the position of art editor of Huabei People's Publishing House in 1951. He is the member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association. alternate name: 程勉 ", + "date": "born 1933", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengQi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cheng, Qi", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c39g22 Alternate names: Ch'eng Ch'i , 程綮 Yuan dynasty", + "date": "second half of 13th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengShifa", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cheng, Shifa", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c39s43f22 Alternate names: Ch'eng Shih-fa, 程十髮 Modern (b Songjiang County, Shanghai Municipality, 1921). Chinese painter and illustrator. By his own account Cheng was determined from an early age to become a painter. Although his father died when Cheng was nine, support from relatives enabled him to enter the Huadong (now Shanghai) Academy of Fine Art in 1939, where he was trained in the traditional disciplines of landscape and bird-and-flower painting. He also took an interest in the work of modern Chinese masters. Following graduation he worked briefly in a bank before joining the Shanghai Art Publishing Agency in 1952 as an illustrator. His assignments included New Year paintings and drawings for editions of short stories. Among his first successes was a series of plates for a contemporary edition of the 18th-century satirical classic, Rulin waishi (‘The scholars’) by Wu Jingzi, which in 1959 won a medal at the Leipzig International Book Exhibition (Eng. trans., Yang Hsien-yi and G. Yang, The Scholars, Beijing, 1957). However, his most impressive early achievement was a set of illustrations for another classic, Lu Xun’s Ah Q zheng zhuan (‘The true story of Ah Q’), published in Shanghai in 1963. While Cheng’s early work was influenced by traditional Chinese figure painting, his later study of woodcuts of the Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1911) periods, of lithographs and of Western art enlarged his repertory and sharpened his technique. After gaining a teaching post at the new Painting Academy at Shanghai in 1956, he travelled in 1957 to the Dehong Dai and Jingpo People’s Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, together with other artists. The trip influenced both his style and his choice of subject-matter. Thereafter he began to paint vivid scenes of China’s national minority peoples, applying line and ink wash with a Chinese brush on the colour-fast and durable Xuan paper (see China, §XIII, 20). His paintings of children and young women, often accompanied by animals such as deer, goats and camels, were the most popular (for example, Girls with Lambs, 1964; Berkeley, U. CA, A. Mus.). The positive themes of these works, in which animals and humans participated in a world of unsullied innocence and charm, were reinforced by bright colours, bold compositions and crisp lines. However, the artist’s imaginative twists and turns sometimes countered the innocuous themes. In Spring (1979; priv. col.), which depicts deer and gaily costumed women with flowers, the figures were painted on a blank background and the legs of the deer rendered with loose, ‘calligraphic’ strokes that are only marginally more representational than the characters of the inscription above. Cheng rarely applied additional layers of colour, the better to preserve the brightness of the hue. A fine example of Cheng’s figure painting from the 1980s is Ji Kang (1980; hanging scroll, ink and colour on paper; priv. col., see 1983–5 exh. cat., pl. 7), a portrait of one of the 3rd-century Sages of the Bamboo Grove. The sage is shown playing the lute while awaiting execution after having been condemned to death by imperial order. Few Chinese figure paintings of this date match the painting’s strength of composition and elegance of line. Cheng is associated by modern Chinese critics with an older generation of painters that included Li Keran and Lu Yangshao (b 1909). He is credited with giving new vitality to the Shanghai school through his understanding and absorption of the figure styles of artists such as Ren Yi and Chen Hongshou. A touring exhibition of contemporary Chinese painting that visited eight American museums and galleries between 1983 and 1985 (see 1983–5 exh. cat.) confirmed Cheng Shifa’s status as an exceptional figure painter and also as a fine painter of landscapes and historical subjects.--DOA", + "date": "b. 1921", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengSui", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cheng, Sui", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c39s59 Alternate names: Ch'eng Sui, 程邃 Ming dynasty Cheng came from a prosperous Shexian family and painted chiefly for his own pleasure, beginning late in life; genuine works by him are relatively scarce. His undated "Landscape" is an especially fine example; like a work of calligraphy or a seal, it arranges small, formally similar units into a flat design. The jiaomo technique, the tendency to geometricize the land masses, and the mountain landscapes with waterfalls and pine trees are school characteristics. Cheng remarked in his inscription that the ‘high distance’ (gaoyuan) mode, in which the composition is read vertically, was not favoured by artists of his time and region, who mostly employed the ‘level distance’ ( pingyuan) mode of Ni Zan and other masters of the river landscape (see China, §V, 3(iv)). The refinement of taste that Cheng developed through study of the family collection and deciphering old inscriptions imbues his calligraphy and seal-carving, as well as his painting, with an antiquarian flavour much admired by Chinese connoisseurs. They regard him as a forerunner of the Epigraphers’ school (Jinshi jia) of practitioners of these three interlocked arts, a school that flourished in the late 18th century and the 19th.--DOA ", + "date": "active ca. 1605-1691", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengXiaoyu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cheng, Xiaoyu", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", + "date": "active 1980s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengYi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cheng, Yi", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese painter of the Ming dynasty", + "date": "active early to mid 17th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengZhang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cheng, Zhang", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengZhidao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cheng, Zhidao", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). Alternate names: Ch'eng Chih-tao, 程志道 Qing dynasty", + "date": "active ca. 18th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChermenevVitali", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chermenev, Vitali", + "comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. playwrite", + "date": "active 1974", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChesapeakePottery", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chesapeake Pottery", + "comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. Baltimore", + "date": "1882-1914", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CheuretAlbert", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cheuret, Albert", + "comment": "Bouillon, Jean-Paul; Art Deco 1903-1940, Geneva: Editions d'Art Albert Skira S.A., 1989. ", + "date": "first half 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChevalierGeorges", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chevalier, Georges", + "comment": "Brunhammer, Yvonne and Suzanne Tise; Decorative Arts in France, 1900-1942, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1990. French interior designer", + "date": "1920s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChevalierMiguel", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chevalier, Miguel", + "comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", + + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChiarenzaCarl", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chiarenza, Carl", + "comment": "http://www.carlchiarenza.com/cc/Bio.html. photographer", + "date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Chierry", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chierry", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Chikakazu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chikakazu", + "comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", + + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Chikakuni", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chikakuni", + "comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Osaka printmaker of ukiyo-e, student of Yoshikuni.", + "date": "active ca. 1825", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChikushinJochi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chikushin, Jochi", + "comment": "Ono, Masaaki and Katsuhiko Mizuno; Hidden Gardens of Kyoto, English language edition, Tokyo: Kodansha International, 2004. Japanese fifth-generation head of the Yabunouchi tea school and garden designer", + "date": "1678-1745", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChildandChild", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Child and Child", + "comment": "Wildman, Stephen and John Christian; Edward Burne-Jones: Victorian Artist-Dreamer, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, distributed by Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1998. ", + "date": "1881-1915", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChildHarold", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Child, Harold", + "comment": "Wildman, Stephen and John Christian; Edward Burne-Jones: Victorian Artist-Dreamer, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, distributed by Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1998. ", + "date": "1848-1915", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChildWalter", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Child, Walter", + "comment": "Wildman, Stephen and John Christian; Edward Burne-Jones: Victorian Artist-Dreamer, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, distributed by Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1998. ", + "date": "1840-1930", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChildersFreddie", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Childers, Freddie", + "comment": "Ewald, Wendy; Portraits and Dreams: Photographs and stories by children of the Appalachians, London: Writers and Readers Publishing Cooperative Society Ltd., 1985. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChildsandInmanLithography", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Childs & Inman Lithography", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Partnership between Henry Inman and Cephas G. Childs", + "date": "1831-1832", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Chim", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chim", + "comment": "Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. New York : Abbeville Press, 1997. ", + + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChinaNationalArtGallery", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "China National Art Gallery", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese museum of the arts (Meishuguan) located in the Dongcheng district.", + + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChinesePLAChengduDistrict", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chinese PLA Chengdu District", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChinhHoang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chinh, Hoang", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Chitarman", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chitarman", + "comment": "Metropolitan Museum of Art; Islamic World, Tokyo: Dai Nippon Printing Co., 1987. ", + "date": "active 1627", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChitrakarManu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chitrakar, Manu", + "comment": "Sambrani, Chaitanya; Edge of Desire: Recent Art in India, London: Philip Wilson Publishers, 2006. brother of Swarna Chitrakar", + "date": "late 20th, early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChitrakarSwarna", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chitrakar, Swarna", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "born 1974", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChoSeoung", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cho, Seoung", + "comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", + + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChoeSukchang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ch'oe, Sukch'ang", + "comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Korean painter active in late 15th century.", + "date": "active late 15th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChoiBuk", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Choi, Buk", + "comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Choi Buk, was a painter of the late Joseon period. Anything related to his social status and birth place and date are not known. Choi Buk was acquainted with Danwon, Kim Deuksin, Yi Inmun, but his works are dissimilar to theirs. The representative works painted by Choi Buk are Geumgangsan pyohunsado (금강산 표훈사도), Joeosansu (조어산수), Cho-ok sansudo (초옥산수도).", + "date": "late Chosen period", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChomtonLouis", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chomton, Louis", + "comment": "Gajewski, Alexandra and Zoë Opačić; Year 1300 and the Creation of a New European Architecture, Belgium: Brepols , 2007. ", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChonKi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chon, Ki", + "comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Korean literati painter. He came from a professional middle-class (chungin) family and studied painting and calligraphy with KIM CHONG-HUI. Chon was an artist of much promise with a great understanding of literati painting, and it is likely that he would have become one of the greatest painters of the Ch’usa (i.e. Kim Chong-hui) school, but he died aged 29. Among his representative works are Thick Bushes on Kye Mountain (Seoul, N. Mus.) and Straw-thatched Hut with Plum Blossoms (colour on paper, 294*333 mm, Seoul, N. Mus.; see Hwi-joon Ahn, p. 143). ", + "date": "1825-1854", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChoubracAlfred", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Choubrac, Alfred", + "comment": "Rennert, Jack; Posters of the Belle Epoque: the Wine Spectator Collection, New York: Wine Spectator Press, 1990. Alfred Choubrac (1853-1902) was one of the handful of posterists who gained prominence before the Golden Nineties. Educated in classic art at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in his native Paris, he started out as a painter of military scenes in collaboration with his brother, Leon. To make a living, he did caricatures and illustrations for "Gil Blas," "L'Echo de Paris," "Le Courrier Français" and some other paper; later, he became a scene designer for theaters at which he was very successful. In the early 1889s, Chroubac joined the fledgling group of poster designers: in 1884, when Maindron published the first article on the subject, he listed only nine active posterists known to him, and in the first poster exhibition, held that same year in the Passage Vivienne in Paris, only three of them were represented: Jules Chéret and the two Choubrac brothers. ", + "date": "1853-1902", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChristernJürgen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Christern, Jürgen", + "comment": "WorldCat. 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", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Dormier", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dormier", + "comment": "Ecker, Heather; Caliphs and Kings: the Art and Influence of Islamic Spain, Washington, DC: Arthur Sackler Gallery, 2004. printmaker", + "date": "active 1810s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbeMikishi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Abe, Mikishi", -"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DörpfeldW", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dörpfeld, W.", + "comment": "Mylonas, George E.; Mycenae: Rich in Gold, Athens: Ekdotike Athenon S.A., 1983. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbeSadayo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Abe, Sadayo", -"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbeilleJack", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Abeille, Jack", -"comment": "Rennert, Jack; Posters of the Belle Epoque: the Wine Spectator Collection, New York: Wine Spectator Press, 1990. ", -"date": "b. 1873", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DossetterEdward", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dossetter, Edward", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbramsonRichardH", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Abramson, Richard H.", -"comment": "Holliday, Peter James; Origins of Roman Historical Commemoration in the Visual Arts, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. ", -"date": "21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DouganHeinsandKane", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dougan, Heins, and Kane", + "comment": "VRC mounted photo coll, Oregon Obliviate. ", + "date": "active ca. 1950", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbramtsevoFurnitureWorkshop", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Abramtsevo Furniture Workshop", -"comment": "Blakesley, Rosalind; Arts and Crafts Movement, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2006. ", -"date": "late 19th-early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DoyleandPatterson", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Doyle and Patterson", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American architecture firm in Portland, Oregon, consisting of A.E. Doyle and William B. Patterson; with the addition of partner James George Beach, became Doyle, Patterson and Beach in 1911.", + "date": "1907-1911", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbrosimovPavelV", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Abrosimov, Pavel V.", -"comment": "Ades, Dawn et al.; Art and Power: Europe Under the Dictators 1930-45, London: Thames and Hudson, 1995. ", -"date": "1930s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DoylePattersonandBeach", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Doyle, Patterson and Beach", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1911-1913", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbuIbrahimAhmedEmir", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Abu Ibrahim Ahmed, Emir", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "856-863", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DPArchitects", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "DP Architects", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "est. 1967", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbuIshaqIbrahimIIEmir", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Abu Ishaq Ibrahim II, Emir", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "875-902", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DrCWolfandSohn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dr. C. Wolf & Sohn", + "comment": "Hiesinger, Kathryn Bloom; Art Nouveau in Munich: Masters of Jugendstil from the Stadtmuseum, Munich, and Other Public and Private Collections, Philadelphia, Munich: Philadelphia Museum of Art, Prestel-Verlag, 1988. Munich", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbuJafarAbdallahibnMuhammadalMansurCaliph", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Abu Ja'far Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Mansur, Caliph", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "712-775", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbuYaqubYusufibnAbdalMumin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Abu Ya'qub Yusuf ibn 'Abd al-Mu'min", -"comment": "Barrucand, Marianne and Achim Bednorz; Moorish Architecture in Andalucia, Los Angeles: Taschen GmbH, 2007. Almohad or simply Abu Ya'qib Yusef or Yusef I", -"date": "r. 1163-1184", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DraytonJohn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Drayton, John", + "comment": "Craven, Wayne; American Art: History and Culture, 2003 edition, London: Lawrence King Publishing Ltd., 2003. plantation owner and perhaps architect", + "date": "active ca. 1740", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbuYusufYaqubibnAbdAlHaqq", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd Al-Haqq", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Marinid ruler of Morocco", -"date": "died 1286", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DresdenerPorzellansammlung", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dresdener Porzellansammlung", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1872-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbulFayudKhan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Abu'l Fayud Khan", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DrewRoy", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Drew, Roy", + "comment": "Kubler, George; Religious Architecture of New Mexico in the Colonial Period and Since the American Occupation, Colorado Springs: Taylor Museum, 1940. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbulHasan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Abu'l Hasan", -"comment": "Falk, Toby, ed.; Treatures of Islam, London: Philip Wilson Publishers, Ltd., 1985 (0856671967). Alternate name: Nadir al-Zaman", -"date": "1588-ca.1635", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AbulMaaliNasrullah", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Abu'l-Ma'ali Nasrullah", -"comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. 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Driendl Architects was founded by Georg Driendl in Vienna, Austria 1996.", + "date": "active 1996-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AchenbachArchitekten+Design", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Achenbach Architekten + Design", -"comment": "Stang, Alanna and Christopher Hawthorne; Green House: New Directions in Sustainable Architecture, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2005. ", -"date": "active early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DrischRussell", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Drisch, Russell", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + "date": "active 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/dRNArchitects", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "dRN Architects", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "2005-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AckerGregory", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Acker, Gregory", -"comment": "Bainbridge, David A., Judy Corbett and John Hofacre; Village Homes' solar house designs : a collection of 43 energy-conscious house designs, Emmaus, PA: Rodale Press, 1979. ", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21 century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DrozdaRobert", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Drozda, Robert", + "comment": "Lee, Molly and Gregory A. Reinhardt; Eskimo Architecture: Dwelling and Structure in the Early Historic Period, Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press and University of Alaska Museum, 2003. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AckermanChantal", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ackerman, Chantal", -"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", -"date": "born 1950", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AcklandJH", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ackland, J.H.", -"comment": "Thiebaut, Jacques; Les Cathédrales Gothiques en Picarde, Amiens: C.R.D.P, 1987. ", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DruzhininIV", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Druzhinin, I. V.", + "comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", + "date": "1887-1949", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AdachiYoshiyuki", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Adachi, Yoshiyuki", -"comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DryDesign", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dry Design", + "comment": "Trulove, James Grayson and Nora Richter Greer; Sustainable Homes, 2nd edition, New York: Harper Design International, 2004. American architectural firm based in Los Angeles", + "date": "active 1996-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Adam", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Adam", -"comment": "Lassus, Jean Baptiste Antoine and Amaury-Duval; Monographie de la Cathédrale de Chartres, Paris: Imprimerie impériale, 1842-1865. ", -"date": "active 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DryákAlois", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dryák, Alois", + "comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. 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Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. French inventor and chemist who obtained the first patent for a phototype record with Charles Maréchal.", + "date": "1819-1880", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AdamsDaniel", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Adams, Daniel", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1810-1885", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/duPontPierreS", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "du Pont, Pierre S.", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 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", -"date": "835-884", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AhmadibnUwaysSultan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ahmad ibn Uways, Sultan", -"comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. ", -"date": "r. 1382-1410", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DuanyPlaterZyberkDPK", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Duany/Plater-Zyberk (DPK)", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 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Japanese tattoo artist", -"date": "active ca. 1890-1920", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DugasRonald", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dugas, Ronald", + "comment": "Loy, WIlliam G.; Atlas of Oregon, Eugene: University of Oregon, 1976. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AkisatoRito", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Akisato Rito", -"comment": "Onishi, Hiroshi, Takemitsu Oba and Sondra Castile; Immortals and Sages: Paintings from Ryoanji Temple, Reprint, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1993. 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", -"date": "1296-1316", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DumontJohnE", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dumont, John E.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. photographer", + "date": "active 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/alBaysunghuriJafar", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "al-Baysunghuri, Ja'far", -"comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. 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", -"date": "1809-1872", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AlbrightWilliam", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Albright, William", -"comment": "Daniel, Noel; Magic: 1400s-1950s, Cologne: Taschen, 2009. Shop located 'nearly opposite the Market-House, Lancaster.'", -"date": "active 1833", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DupontBertrandFrançois", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dupont, Bertrand-François", + "comment": "Bremer-David, Charissa; French Tapestries and Textiles in the J. 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", + "date": "active 1714-1720", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/alDinKamalibnYunus", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "al-Din, Kamal ibn Yunus", -"comment": "Atil, Esin, ed.; Islamic Art and Patronage: Treasures from Kuwait, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1990. author", -"date": "active 1230-1238", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DupracEtienne", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Duprac, Etienne", + "comment": "Enge, Torsten Olaf and Carl Friedrich Schrer; Garden Architecture in Europe, 1450-1800, Cologne: Benedikt Taschen, 1990. 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", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AlexanderBrenner", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Alexander Brenner", -"comment": "Roth, Manuela; Ecological Living, Kempen: teNeus Verlag, 2009. German architectural firm", -"date": "active ca. 1990-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DurazzoGrimaldiClelia", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Durazzo Grimaldi, Clelia", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. botanist and marchesa in Genoa", + "date": "1760-1830", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Alexanderfamily", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Alexander family", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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Scottish design firm", -"date": "1869-1906", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DureauGeorge", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dureau, George", + "comment": "Ellenzweig, Allen; Homoerotic Photograph: Male Images from Durieu/Delacroix to Mapplethorpe, New York: Columbia University Press, 1992. ", + "date": "born 1930", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AlexanderElam", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Alexander, Elam", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. designed buildings in the Macon, Georgia environs", -"date": "mid 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DuroCIA", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Duro CIA", + "comment": "American century : art & culture. New York : Whitney Museum of American Art in association with W.W. Norton, c1999. vol. 2. 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", -"date": "active ca. 1120-ca. 1140", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DurstFrantiektheYounger", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Durst, Frantiek, the Younger", + "comment": "Rak, Jiri, Radim Vondracek and Clauda Terenzi; Biedermeier: Art and Culture in Central Europe, 1815-1848, Milan, New York: Skira Editore, Rizzoli International, 2001. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AlfCookeLtd", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Alf Cooke Ltd", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Alf Cooke established his printing business in 1872, producing cheap prints of art works for the mass market. Leeds, London & Glasgow.", -"date": "1872-1920", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/alHafizAbdalGhaniibnSaidalMisriAbuMuhammad", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "al-Hafiz 'Abd al-Ghani ibn Sa'id al-Misri, Abu Muhammad", -"comment": "Rodenbeck, Max and Guido Alberto Rossi; Egypt From the Air, London: Thames and Hudson Ltd., 1991. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DuseigneurEdouard", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Duseigneur, Edouard", + "comment": "Bernard, Bruce; Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography, 1840-1940, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. Amateur photographer who owned a silk factory.", + "date": "active 1850s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/alHalwaiMuhammad", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "al-Halwa'i, Muhammad", -"comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. 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Credited with the interior design of New Amsterdam Theater (1903) on New York's 42nd Street.", -"date": "born 1875", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ElkingtonandCo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Elkington & Co.", + "comment": "Shock of the Old: Christopher Dresser's Design Revolution. Edited by Michael Whiteway. Smithsonian, Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum, c2004. ", + "date": "founded 1840s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndersonJ", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Anderson, J.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. American Illustrator", -"date": "ca. 1900", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ElletCharlesJr", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ellet, Charles, Jr.", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. civil engineer and colonel during the American Civil War noted for his designs for suspension bridges", + "date": "1810-1862", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndersonJoyce", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Anderson, Joyce", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Slide info.", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EllinandKitson", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ellin and Kitson", + "comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. New York", + "date": "active mid19th-early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndreevAA", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Andreev, A. A.", -"comment": "Blackwell, Lewis; Twentieth-Century Type, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1992. Russian artist and graphic designer", -"date": "active ca. 1910", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ElliotJames", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Elliot, James", + "comment": "http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/49820/details/stobo+castle/. Scottish architect", + "date": "active early 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndrewsJohn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Andrews, John", -"comment": "Laughlin, Clarence John; Ghosts Along the Mississippi: an Essay in the Poetic Interpretation of Louisiana's Plantation Architecture, New York; London: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1948. Plantation owner and builder of Belle Grove Plantation house", -"date": "mid 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ElliottPublishingCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Elliott Publishing Company", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. San Francisco firm of artist, printer and publisher W.W. Elliott", + "date": "late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndricakisNicos", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Andricakis, Nicos", -"comment": "Themelis, Petros G.; Delphi Museum: A Complete Guide to the Museum, Athens: Ekdotike Athenon, 1981. art director", -"date": "active 1980s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ElliottBarney", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Elliott, Barney", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Camera shop owner", + "date": "mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AnnandBooneandLei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Annand, Boone, and Lei", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Portland architectural firm in mid-20th century", -"date": "1953", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EllisJeanneE", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ellis, Jeanne E.", + "comment": "Lee, Molly and Gregory A. 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", -"date": "1163", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AnnesleyRichardArthurGrove", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Annesley, Richard Arthur Grove", -"comment": "thepeerage.com. ", -"date": "1879-1966", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ElphinstoneM", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Elphinstone, M.", + "comment": "Errington, Elizabeth and Joe Cribb; Crossroads of Asia: Transformation in Image and Symbol in the Art of Ancient Afghanistan and Pakistan, Cambridge: Ancient India and Iran Trust, 1992. ", + "date": "late 18th-early 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Anraku", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Anraku", -"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ElwesCatherine", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Elwes, Catherine", + "comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", + "date": "born 1952", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Anrakusai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Anrakusai", -"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EmBraerentxenandCoLithographers", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Em Braerentxen & Co Lithographers", + "comment": "Daniel, Noel; Magic: 1400s-1950s, Cologne: Taschen, 2009. ", + "date": "active 1860", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AnselmodiCampione", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Anselmo di Campione", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active late 12th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EmbreyRobert", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Embrey, Robert", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + "date": "born 1939", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AnstedH", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ansted, H.", -"comment": "Welander, David; History, Art, and Architecture of Glouchester Cathedral, Wolfeboro Falls, NH: Alan Sutton, 1991. ", -"date": "active early 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EmersonElectricFirm", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Emerson Electric (Firm)", + "comment": "Baker, Malcolm and Brenda Richardson; Grand Design: the Art of the Victoria and Albert Museum, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1997. alternate name: Emerson Electric Co., Emerson Electric Manufacturing Company", + "date": "active 20th-21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AntarA", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Antar, A.", -"comment": "Hillenbrand, Robert; Islamic Architecture: Form, Function and Meaning, New York: Columbia University Press, 1994. illustrator for Hillenbrand book", -"date": "active 1994", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EmeryRothandSons", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Emery Roth & Sons", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1947-1996", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AntonSchrollandCo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Anton Schroll & Co.", -"comment": "Curtius, Ludwig; Antike Rom, Wien: Verlag Anton Schroll & Co., 1944. Spengergasse 37 1051 Vienna 544-56-41 (t) 544-56-41-66 (f) Also in Munich", -"date": "1884-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EmesWilliam", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Emes, William", + "comment": "Taylor, Patrick; Period Gardens: New Life for Historic Landscapes, New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1991. ", + "date": "1730-1803", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AoyagiTeison", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Aoyagi, Teison", -"comment": "Meiji kaikaki no nishikie (Meiji Japan through woodblock prints), Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1989. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EmmonsandCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Emmons and Company", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 'Nurserymen', connected to the Emmons jewelry company", + "date": "late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ApelliandVaresioItaly", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Apelli & Varesio, Italy", -"comment": "Fiell, Charlotte. Modern Furniture Classics since 1945. Washington, D.C. : American Institute of Architects Press, c1991.. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EmoGiuseppinaContessa", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Emo, Giuseppina, Contessa", + "comment": "Chatfield, Judith; Classic Italian Garden, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1991. ", + "date": "active mid-20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AqaMirak", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Aqa Mirak", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. alternate names: Agha Mirak, in full Sayyid Aqa Jalal Ad-din Mirak Al-hasani Persian painter, an admired portraitist and an excellent colourist, who painted in a sumptuous style. A descendant of the Prophet Muhammad and a native of Esfahan, he worked mostly in Tabriz, the capital of the Safavid empire. He knew the Persian painter Behzad, who was director of the royal library and its manager of manuscript illustration. Aqa Mirak, as one of the senior court artists, was a colleague of the highly regarded painter Sultan Muhammad. 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", + "date": "born ca. 1942", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AqaRiza", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Aqa Riza", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Persian", -"date": "fl ca. 1580-ca. 1610", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EmperorShizong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Emperor Shizong", + "comment": "He, Li and Michael Knight; Power and Glory: Court Arts of China's Ming Dynasty, San Francisco: Asian Art Museum, 2008. 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", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Euxitheos", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Euxitheos", + "comment": "Noble, Joseph Veach; Techniques of Painted Attic Pottery, New York: Watson-Guptill Publications; Metropolitan Museum, 1965. potter", + "date": "active ca. 515 BCE", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AtheyRon", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Athey, Ron", -"comment": "Heartney, Eleanor; Art & Today, New York: Phaidon Press, Inc., 2008. performance artist", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EvansJason", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Evans, Jason", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 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", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EwartAlexanderCharles", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ewart, Alexander Charles", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. architect", + "date": "1854-1916", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AtwoodCharlesB", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Atwood, Charles B.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Atwood was an architect who designed several buildings and a large number of secondary structures for the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. He also designed a number of notable buildings in the city of Chicago.", -"date": "1849-1896", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ExpressSteamPrintingHouse", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Express Steam Printing House", + "comment": "Daniel, Noel; Magic: 1400s-1950s, Cologne: Taschen, 2009. Located on East Swan Street in Buffalo, New York, USA.", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AtwoodLeland", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Atwood, Leland", -"comment": "Century of Progress, Architectural Forum, vol. 61, no. 1. Architect who worked with George Fred Keck and Bertrand Goldberg", -"date": "mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FandCOsler", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "F. & C. Osler", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. London and Birmingham", + "date": "active 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Au", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Au", -"comment": "UO AAA Library Architectural Drawing Collection. AAA Architecture student", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FForbes", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "F. Forbes", + "comment": "Lyons, Marvin; Russian Original Photographs 1860-1920, New York: Scribner, 1977. photographer", + "date": "active 1910s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AudouardPau", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Audouard, Pau", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. b. La Habana, Cuba, active in Barcelona at end of the 19th century, official photographer of the 1888 Barcelona World's Fair. Alt. names: Paul; Pablo; Adouard.", -"date": "1857-1918", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FWolffandSohn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "F. Wolff & Sohn", + "comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AuerbachJohannes", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Auerbach, Johannes", -"comment": "Meggs, Philip B.; History of Graphic Design, 3rd edition, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FaRuozhen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fa, Ruozhen", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). f22r37z42 Alternate names: Fa Jo-chen, 法若貞 Qing dynasty (b Jiaozhou (modern Jiao xian), Shandong Province, 1613; d 1696). Chinese painter and government official. Fa was active mostly in Anhui Province and is often loosely associated with the Anhui school of the early Qing period (1644–1911), but he is best grouped with the eccentrics or individualists of the period rather than with the more conservative traditions of the Orthodox school. The 19th-century text Tongyin lun hua (‘Discourses on painting in the shade of the paulownia tree’), referring to his highly original painting style, noted that Fa ‘followed a path of his own’. Nevertheless he is seldom ranked among the foremost painters of the period, his output and influence being limited. Fa gained his jinshi degree in 1646 and joined the Hanlin Academy in Beijing in the same year. He held a number of government posts and even helped repel Ming loyalist attacks on the Manchus in Fujian Province. He served as a judicial commissioner in Zhejiang (1662–4) and became Lieutenant-Governor of Anhui Province in 1668. After losing that post (allegedly for concealing a shortage in a friend’s accounts), he tried to enter service again in 1679 but failed the boxue hongci examination, which brought his official career to an end. A large hanging scroll, Misty Mountain Landscape (Stockholm, Östasiat. Mus.), exemplifies Fa’s painting style. Composed almost exclusively of a rocky slope and mist-enshrouded trees, it suggests a primeval volcanic wilderness with vapours escaping from fissures and swirling masses. The nervous line of Fa’s rock contours, his ambiguous rendering of landscape forms (which can sometimes be read as hollows rather than crags and hillocks) and the pronounced contrast of light and shadow animate his images, producing an effect of strangeness. Like most of his other landscapes, this painting represents a mountainside after heavy rain (some examples portray the landscape in rain). Fa’s own inscriptions and other evidence reveal that this was a longstanding pictorial metaphor for good government—the effective and benevolent administrator brings benefits to the people he governs as rain brings good crops to farmers. In painting numerous depictions of this theme, presumably for others who, like himself, held positions under the Manchus and so were open to accusations of collaboration from Ming loyalists, he was asserting the virtuousness and wisdom of such practice and justifying his own decision to serve the Manchu regime (a course some considered dishonorable, even turncoat). --DOA", + "date": "1613-1696", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AugenfeldAlois", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Augenfeld, Alois", -"comment": "Chicago Daily Tribune; International Competition for a New Administration Building for the Chicago Tribune, Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune, 1923. Austrian architect", -"date": "active ca. 1920", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FabianDirk", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fabian, Dirk", + "comment": "Kunst- und Ausstelleungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland; Gandhara: Das Buddhistische Erbe Pakistans Legenden, Klöster und Paradiese, Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 2008. Cartographer", + "date": "late 20th-early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AultPotterySwadlincoteDerbyshire", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ault Pottery, Swadlincote, Derbyshire", -"comment": "Shock of the Old: Christopher Dresser's Design Revolution. Edited by Michael Whiteway. Smithsonian, Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum, c2004. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FàbregasRicard", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fàbregas, Ricard", + "comment": "Robinson, William H, Jordi Falgàs, and Carmen Belen Lord; Barcelona and Modernity: Picasso, Gaudí, Miró, Dalí, Cleveland, New Haven: Cleveland Museum of Art, Yale University Press, 2006. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Aurora", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Aurora", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AuroraComputerGraphics", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Aurora Computer Graphics", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FadaRadioandElectricCo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fada Radio & Electric Co.", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Founded by Frank d´Andrea. 30-20 Thomson Avenue, Long Island, New York; former F.A.D.Andrea, Inc. 1581 Jerome Avenue, NY, NY", + "date": "1925-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AustinCommercial", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Austin Commercial", -"comment": "Benedikt, Michael; Overland Partners: Building on Values: Costruire sui valori, Milan: L'Arca Edizioni, 2002. ", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FaguaysPierreLe", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Faguays, Pierre Le", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. French art deco sculptor", + "date": "1892-1935", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AuzolleM", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Auzolle, M.", -"comment": "Rennert, Jack; Posters of the Belle Epoque: the Wine Spectator Collection, New York: Wine Spectator Press, 1990. ", -"date": "early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FaienceManufacturingCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Faience Manufacturing Company", + "comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. Brooklyn, New York", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AveryGilesBushnell", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Avery, Giles Bushnell", -"comment": "Sprigg, June; Shaker Design, New York, London: Whitney Museum of American Art, W.W. Norton & Company, 1986. Shaker craftsman", -"date": "1815-1890", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FaleideArchitects", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Faleide Architects", + "comment": "Trulove, James Grayson; New Sustainable Homes, New York: Collins Design, 2006. American architectural firm in Colorado", + "date": "active 1995-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AydakinAmir", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Aydakin, Amir", -"comment": "Metropolitan Museum of Art; Islamic World, Tokyo: Dai Nippon Printing Co., 1987. Egyptian amir. Coat of arms indicated that he served as a bunduqdar or bowman to a sultan.", -"date": "died 1285", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FanKuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fan, Kuan", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). f23k37 Alternate names: Fan K'uan, 范寬 Song dynasty (b Huayuan [now Hua xian, Shaanxi Province], c. ad 990; d c. 1030). Chinese painter. He was one of the most important representatives of the monumental tradition of Northern Song (960–1127) landscape painting, which at that time was becoming established as the most important category of painting in China (see China, §V, 3(iv)(b)). About 1024 Guo Ruoxu ( fl 11th century), a minor court official at Bianliang (modern Kaifeng), the capital of the Northern Song dynasty, wrote in the Tuhua jianwen zhi (‘Experiences in painting’) that Fan Kuan was the equal of Li Cheng and Guan Tong and that these three masters stood ‘like the legs of a tripod’ and would serve as models ‘for a hundred generations’. About 20 years later, Liu Daochun (fl mid-11th century) wrote in the Shengchao minghua ping (‘Critique of famous painters of the present dynasty’) that the only landscapists deserving absolute praise were Li Cheng and Fan Kuan and that there was no-one, past or present, who compared with them. Fan Kuan was not a scholar, nor did he pass any examinations or hold any official position. Guo Ruoxu wrote that ‘Kuan’s manner and appearance had an antique severity, that his behaviour was rude and rustic and that it was his nature to crave wine and love the Daoist Way’. His earlier work was based on the paintings of Li cheng, which he studied as a young man, as well as on those of Jing hao. As he matured, however, Fan introduced innovations obviously based on direct and careful observation of nature. According to the Xuanhe huapu (‘Xuanhe collection of paintings’; the catalogue of the paintings of the Song emperor Huizong (reg 1101–26); preface dated 1120), he believed that, like those before him who had made it their rule never to be detached from things, he too should learn, not from other men but from things themselves or, better still, from their inner nature. In order to accomplish this he isolated himself from society and lived alone in the mountains, exactly where is not known. His artistic activity, temperament and way of life are clearly reflected in the character of his landscapes. They have a rational order and inherent structural precision that reflect a Neo-Confucianist cosmic view, and surface textures and atmospheric effects that could only have been based on careful observation of nature in all its moods. As early as the beginning of the Song period (960–1279), critics distinguished between two major schools of painting originating with either Li Cheng or Fan Kuan. The comparison involved not only their general styles but also their brush techniques. According to Mi Fu, in the Hua shi (‘History of painting’; completed 1103), Fan Kuan’s work was ‘as dark as nightfall on a gloomy day’, and his excessive use of ink in his later years made it impossible to distinguish the earth from the rocks in his paintings. Mi Fu went so far as to rank Fan Kuan as superior to all the landscape painters of his period, but other critics generally regarded Fan Kuan and Li Cheng as equals, and both as belonging to the ‘divine’ (shen) category of painters. Sternness and independence were the qualities most frequently associated with Fan Kuan. Throughout his career, his creative genius was patently nurtured by the quality of his communication with nature. It was felt that his paintings revealed no sense of the soft or mellow aspects of nature, but his attention to realism earned him a reputation for ‘showing the very bones of the mountains’ (Miyagawa, p. 176); and Mi wrote that ‘in Fan Kuan’s landscapes you can hear the water’ (Loehr, p. 100). According to Alexander Soper, the commentaries of Liu Daochun referred to the ‘real rocks and ancient trees which thrust themselves up, alive, under his brush. One finds in him a spirit consonance (qiyun) that goes beyond the surface of things and an indifference to ornamental beauty’ (see 1961–2 exh. cat., no. 18). Fan’s sense of order came to be regarded as characteristic of the Northern Song tradition of landscape painting. He introduced the principle of sanfen gefa (‘three-division method’) of staggered depth to establish a logical, three-part organization: foreground, middle ground and background—the ‘three distances’ (sanyuan). High distance (gaoyuan) perspective set off towering peaks in monumental settings against tiny human forms. These cliff faces were given form as well as a rocklike sense of mass by a brushstroke known as yudian cun (‘raindrop texture stroke’). This technique may have been used earlier but Fan was the first to develop it systematically on a large scale. The only authenticated example of Fan Kuan’s work is Travellers among Mountains and Streams, one of the most famous Chinese paintings. Originally believed to have been unsigned, this hanging scroll bears a signature (rediscovered in 1958) in the lower right-hand corner. Additional authentication is provided by an inscription on the mount by Dong Qichang, which attributes the work to Fan and gives the title. Consisting of two panels joined at the centre, the painting is monumental both in conception and in size. At the centre of the composition and dominating it is a massive vertical cliff viewed in the high distance, which creates a visual barrier to movement beyond the middle ground. Only the mountain crests have vegetation. Space provided for movement is limited to the foreground, where the tiny figures of travellers, dwarfed by the central mass, are seen on a road which runs from right to left. Clustered at the base of the cliff, and thus providing a transition between middle ground and background, are mists, created by light ink washes, which silhouette the roofs of a temple barely visible above the densely wooded hill. The entire composition emphasizes rational organization and the unmistakable sense of nature’s dominance. It also strongly reflects the severity identified with Fan’s style. Several other paintings in the National Palace Museum in Taipei are attributed to Fan Kuan but none is signed. Fan Kuan exerted enormous influence on contemporary artists such as Yan Wengui as well as on subsequent generations. The later Song master Li Tang made persistent references to him in such compositions as Whispering Pines in the Gorges (hanging scroll; ink and light colour on silk; 1.88×1.39 m; 1124; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). Even though the balance of foreground to background and the sense of space have been modified, as has the brushstroke, a dependence on the earlier heroic style is clearly evident. Copies made in the later part of the Ming (1368–1644) and early Qing (1644–1911) periods were increasingly removed from the original in their rendering of space, the proportional relationships between pictorial elements and the different brushwork, although the original conception remained.--DOA", + "date": "ca. 990-1030", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AyersJohnW", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ayers, John W.", -"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999 (0939802872). ", -"date": "1850-1914", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FanLong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fan, Long", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). f23l43 Alternate names: Fan Lung, 梵隆 Song dynasty", + "date": "active 1100-1150", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AylesfordHeneageFinchEarlof", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Aylesford, Heneage Finch, Earl of", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1751-1812", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FanMingti", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fan, Mingti", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Chinese watercolorist", + "date": "b. 1915", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AylonHelène", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Aylon, Helène", -"comment": "Heartney, Eleanor; Art & Today, New York: Phaidon Press, Inc., 2008. Jewish Artist", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FanQi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fan, Qi", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). f23q22 Alternate names: Fan Ch'i, 樊圻 Qing dynasty (1616-after 1694)", + "date": "1616 - after 1694", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AyshiibnIshrati", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ayshi ibn Ishrati", -"comment": "Simpson, Marianna Shreve; Sultan Ibrahim Mirza's Haft Awrang: A Princely Manuscript from Sixteenth-Century Iran, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997. Safavid calligrapher", -"date": "active 1560s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FanYixin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fan, Yixin", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province; alternate name: 范一辛", + "date": "born 1927", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Azhar", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Azhar", -"comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. ", -"date": "ca. 1425-1450", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FanZhihua", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fan, Zhihua", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Fan Chih-hua ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AzizAnthony", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Aziz, Anthony", -"comment": "Heartney, Eleanor; Art & Today, New York: Phaidon Press, Inc., 2008. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FaneFrancis1stEarlofWestmorland", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fane, Francis, 1st Earl of Westmorland", + "comment": "Wikipedia. ", + "date": "1580-1629", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AZLAtelierZhanglei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "AZL Atelier Zhanglei", -"comment": "Roth, Manuela; Ecological Living, Kempen: teNeus Verlag, 2009. Chinese architecture firm", -"date": "active 2000-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FangCong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fang, Cong", + "comment": "Rawski, Evelyn S. and Jessica Rawson; China: The Three Emperors, 1662-1795, London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2005. ", + "date": "fl. 1758-1795", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AzusaSekkeiCoLtd", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Azusa Sekkei Co., Ltd.", -"comment": "New Look of Environmental Design For a Sustainable Environment and Society, Tokyo: Orange Book Co., Ltd., 2005. Japanese architectural firm", -"date": "active early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FangCongyi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fang, Congyi", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). f24c56y28 Alternate names: Fang Ts'ung-i, 方從義 Yuan dynasty (b Guixi, Jiangxi Province; fl c. 1340–80). Chinese painter who became a Daoist priest in his youth; he joined the Zhengyi sect, whose main temples were situated in the Shangqing Temple (Shangqing si) on Mt Longhu in his home district, and studied under the priest Jin Pengtou. During the early 1340s, after the death of his teacher, he travelled from Xinzhou to many areas along the River Yangzi and in 1343 visited the capital, Dadu (Khanbaligh, now Beijing), where he became acquainted with many officials and scholarly men and established a reputation as a painter. He is reported to have visited many famous sites along the Great Wall and may have made several trips to the scenic mountains that were considered the home of the Daoist immortals; these included the Taihang range, on the border of Henan and Shanxi provinces, Mt Heng (Shanxi), Mt Tai and Mt Huafouju (Shandong), Mt Zhong in Nanjing (Jiangsu), Mt Kuanglu (Jiangxi) and Mt Wuyi (Fujian). During his time in the capital he seems to have attracted the attention of the Princess of Lu, known as a great patron of art, and of another Daoist painter, Zhang Yanfu ( fl 1340–50), who was connected with the court. However, he soon returned to Xinzhou and set up his own temple. Later he was said to have lived in mountain temples in Jinhua, in western Zhejiang Province. During the last period of his life he is thought to have travelled extensively in south China, including various parts of Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Fujian provinces, visiting many of the Daoist sacred mountains. According to his contemporaries, he had an unearthly manner and bearing that recalled the qualities of a Daoist immortal. This characteristic ethereality is reflected in such paintings as Boating under Mt Wuyi (hanging scroll, 1359; Beijing, Pal. Mus.) and Divine Mountains and Luminous Woods (hanging scroll, 1365; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), in which the landscape appears to change and evolve, without clearly defined shapes and images. Influenced by the atmospheric monochrome ink-wash manner of Mi Fu and Mi Youren of the Song period (960–1279), his paintings may be grouped, with those of Ni Zan, in the untrammelled category ( yipin) of painters (see China, §V, 5(ii)). Fang was also part of the tradition developed in the early Yuan period (1279–1368), when literati painters such as Gao Kegong were increasingly concerned with developing personal modes of expression and with the depiction of more than objective reality (e.g. Clouds and Snow on the Shanyin Mountains, after Gao Kegong, hanging scroll, n.d.; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). However, his life as a Daoist priest and the individuality of his style set him apart from his contemporaries.--DOA", + "date": "active ca. 1340 - 1380", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BBance", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "B. Bance", -"comment": "Calliat, Victor; Parallèle des maisons de Paris construites depuis 1830 jusqu'à nos jours, dessiné et publié par Victor Calliat, architecte, Paris: Bance, 1857-1864. Rue Croix des-Petit-Champs 25, Paris; Rue Bonapartr 13, en face l'Ecole de Beaux-Arts", -"date": "active mid 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FangHengxian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fang, Hengxian", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). f23h32x24 Alternate names: Fang Heng-hsien, 方亨咸 Qing dynasty", + "date": "active ca. 1647 - 1678", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BKohlbeckerandSohn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "B. Kohlbecker & Sohn", -"comment": "Hiesinger, Kathryn Bloom; Art Nouveau in Munich: Masters of Jugendstil from the Stadtmuseum, Munich, and Other Public and Private Collections, Philadelphia, Munich: Philadelphia Museum of Art, Prestel-Verlag, 1988. Munich", -"date": "1890-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FangJi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fang, Ji", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Ming dynasty painter", + "date": "active ca. 1500", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BVoinchetArchitecte", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "B. Voinchet Architecte", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Boulevard Lacaussade 29 65000 Tarbes France", -"date": "active 19th-21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FangLijun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fang, Lijun", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. b. Handan, Hebei province, PRC Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing, 1989", + "date": "b. 1963", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BabledFlorence", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Babled, Florence", -"comment": "Prache, Anne; Charttres Cathedral: image of the heavenly Jerusalem, Paris: CNRS Editions, 1993. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FangLimin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fang, Limin", + "comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Quzhou, Zhejiang province", + "date": "born 1964", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BachRobert", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bach, Robert", -"comment": "Calendar: thirty years of the Soviet State, 1917-1947, Moscow: Foreign Languages Pub. House, 1947. ", -"date": "active 1900", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FangShishu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fang, Shishu", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). f24s43s45 Alternate names: Fang Shih-shu, 方世庶 Qing dynasty (1692-1751)", + "date": "1692 - 1751", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BaconFranklinW", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bacon, Franklin W.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. photographer, worked with John W. Taylor", -"date": "1819-1901", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FangTu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fang, Tu", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist from Guangzhou, resides in Guangzhou, graduated from the Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts, 1986", + "date": "born 1963", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BadaShanren", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bada, Shanren", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). b22d22 Alternate name: Zhū Dā (朱耷), Pa-ta-shan-jen, 八大山人 Ming Dynasty (1624-1705) The artist we know as Bada Shanren was born in the last years of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) into a literary and artistic family that was one branch of the Ming imperial clan. Bada Shanren took refuge from advancing Qing armies in a Chan (Zen) Buddhist monastery. Intelligent, talented, and highly educated, he soon attained the rank of abbot and continued to live as a Buddhist monk for more than thirty years. His decision to leave the monastery coincided approximately with an episode of madness—whether real or feigned cannot be determined—followed by a brief, unhappy marriage, and, finally, a gradual adjustment to the demands of earning a living as an artist. Throughout his life—for his own safety—he concealed his identity as a Ming prince, but the construction of new identities was a recurrent strategy for Bada Shanren, and he frequently gave himself new pseudonyms that hinted at his shifting self-images. The artist's enigmatic pictures of fish, birds, plants, and landscapes are rendered in seemingly blunt but wonderfully subtle strokes of ink. Forms seem to break apart, cut off by the edge of album pages, leaving the center of the paper disconcertingly blank. Bug-eyed animals stare up at mossy rocks that appear to hover in midair. Habitually employing veiled language, Bada Shanren's inscriptions and highly allusive poems often add to the mystification. His art is famously difficult, and all his creations defy easy analysis. --http://www.persimmon-mag.com/winter2004/Bookreview5.htm ", -"date": "1624-1705", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FangWeiwen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fang, Weiwen", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Brunei, resides in Taiwan.", + "date": "born 1970", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BadenKarl", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Baden, Karl", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -"date": "1952-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FangYi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fang, Yi", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BadgerDanielD", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Badger, Daniel D.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. of Daniel D. Badger Architectural Iron Works", -"date": "mid 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BaedekerK", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Baedeker, K.", -"comment": "Thomson, Richard. Seurat. 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", -"date": "late 18th century-early 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FeiYigeng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fei, Yigeng", + "comment": "Brown, Claudia and Ju-hsi Chou; Transcending Turmoil: Painting at the Close of China's Empire, 1796-1911, Phoenix: Phoenix Art Museum, 1992. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BandelHannskarl", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bandel, Hannskarl", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1925-1993", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bangert", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bangert", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FeibushEliot", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Feibush, Eliot", + "comment": "Greenberg, Donald, Aaron Marcus, Allan H. Schmidt and Vernon Gorter; Computer Image: Applications of Computer Graphics, Reading: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1982. 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", -"date": "active 16th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FeiyinTongrong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Feiyin, Tongrong", + "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. Abbot of the Wangfusi Temple of Mt. Huangbo in Fuijian Province, 31st spiritual descendant of Linji Yixuan (d. 866, founder of the Linji school of Chan Buddhism)", + "date": "1593-1662", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BarberBertramA", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Barber, Bertram A.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American professor and horticulturalist", -"date": "active ca. 1920-1930", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FeldRudi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Feld, Rudi", + "comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. poster designer", + "date": "b. 1896", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BarberEL", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Barber, E.L.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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", -"date": "1429", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FitchIsaac", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fitch, Isaac", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Master joiner and carpenter based in Lebanon, Connecticut who is credited for numerous works of early American domestic architecture.", + "date": "1734-1791", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BazaVirginiaL", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Baza, Virginia L.", -"comment": "World of the American Indian, Revised edition, Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 1989. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FitzhughSusie", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fitzhugh, Susie", + "comment": "Broude, Norma and Mary D. Garrar, eds.; Power of Feminist Art: the American Movement of the 1970s, History and Impact, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BealeJamesSamuel", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Beale, James Samuel", -"comment": "Blakesley, Rosalind; Arts and Crafts Movement, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2006. ", -"date": "active late 19th-early century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeallLester", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Beall, Lester", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1903-1969", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FlachVictorH", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Flach, Victor H.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeanBennett", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bean, Bennett", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American ceramic artist", -"date": "born 1941", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FlansburgRick", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Flansburg, Rick", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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Oregon architect and city commissioner in Portland", -"date": "1885-1975", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeardPeter", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Beard, Peter", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. photographer, NOT the sculptor or the architect", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FleetwoodRichardSir", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fleetwood, Richard, Sir", + "comment": "Girouard, Mark; Elizabethan Architecture: Its Rise and Fall, 1540-1640, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. ", + "date": "active ca. 1610", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeattieJohn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Beattie, John", -"comment": "Apke, Bernd et al.; Okkultismus und Avantgarde: Von Munch bis Mondrian 1900-1915, 3rd, Frankfurt: Schirn Kunsthalle, 1995. ", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FlemingCCPat", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fleming, C.C. 'Pat'", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Houston landscape architect", + "date": "1909-1996", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeatusofLiébanaSaint", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Beatus of Liébana, Saint", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Saint", -"date": "ca. 730-ca. 800", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FletcherFrankMorley", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fletcher, Frank Morley", + "comment": "Green, Nancy E. and Jessie Poesch; Arthur Wesley Dow and American Arts and Crafts, New York: American Federation of Arts; Harry N. Abrams, 1999. ", + "date": "1866-1949", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BéchardÉmile", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Béchard, Émile", -"comment": "Cairo: An Illustrated History, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 2002. ", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FletcherForbesGill", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fletcher/Forbes/Gill", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. British design studio formed by Alan Fletcher, Colin Forbes and Bob Gill that became the forerunner of Pentagram (established 1972)", + "date": "active 1962-1967", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeckerDavid", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Becker, David", -"comment": "Acton, David; Sixty Years of North American Prints: 1947-2007, Boston: Boston Printmakers, 2009. American printmaker", -"date": "born 1937", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FleuryMichel", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fleury, Michel", + "comment": "Taralon, Jean; Observations sur le Portail Central et sur la Facade Occidentale de Notre-Dame de Paris, Bulletin Monumental, vol. 149, no. 4. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeckerJ", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Becker, J.", -"comment": "Rieman, Timothy D. and Jean M. Burks; Complete Book of Shaker Furniture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , Publishers, 1993. ", -"date": "active mid 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeckmanJanette", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Beckman, Janette", -"comment": "Polhemus, Ted; Street Style: from Sidewalk to Catwalk, London: Thames and Hudson, 1994. British photographer, based in New York, known for her photographs of the popular music scene and subcultures", -"date": "active since 1975", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FlipoVincent", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Flipo, Vincent", + "comment": "Evans, Joan; Art in Mediaeval France, 987-1498, London; New York; Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1948. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BecotteMichael", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Becotte, Michael", -"comment": "Hume, Sandy, Ellen Manchester, Gary Metz and Nathan Lyons; Great West: Real/Ideal, Boulder: University of Colorado at Boulder, 1977. ", -"date": "1945-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FlogelErnst", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Flogel, Ernst", + "comment": "Loring, John; Louis Comfort Tiffany at Tiffany & Co., New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2002. ", + "date": "d. 1879", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bedouinpeople", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bedouin people", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FlorensiaAdolfo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Florensia, Adolfo", + "comment": "George, Michael and Consuelo M. Correcher; Gardens of Spain, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1993. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeekmanBruce", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Beekman, Bruce", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Slide info.", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FoaleandTuffin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Foale & Tuffin", + "comment": "Howell, Georgina; In Vogue: Six Decades of Fashion, reprint of the 1975 edition, London: Allen Lane, Penguin Books Ltd., 1976. Marion Foale and Sally Tuffin studied together at the Royal College of Art and left to start a clothing design business in Carnaby Street. Together with Mary Quant and Betsey Johnson, Foale and Tuffin were licensed to Puritan Fashion Corporation under a label called Paraphernalia. ", + "date": "1961-ca. 1975", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeelmanClaudW", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Beelman, Claud W.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FolieAP", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Folie, A.P.", + "comment": "Beirne, Francis F. ; Baltimore...A Picture History: 1858-1958, New York: Hastings House, 1957. ", + "date": "ca. 1796", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeerChris", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Beer, Chris", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FongA", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fong, A.", + "comment": "Bernard, Bruce; Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography, 1840-1940, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeertCampens", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Beert-Campens", -"comment": "Loze, Pierre and François Loze; Belgium Art Nouveau: from Victor Horta to Antoine Pompe, Ghent: Eiffel Editions, 1991. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeezerBrothers", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Beezer Brothers", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "-1929", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FontaineClaire", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fontaine, Claire", + "comment": "http://the-artists.org. ", + "date": "born 1977", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeggarstaffBrothers", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Beggarstaff Brothers", -"comment": "Calloway, Stephen; Aubrey Beardsley, American edition, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Publishers, 1998. ", -"date": "active 1890s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FontcubertaJoan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fontcuberta, Joan", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Joan Fontcuberta (Barcelona, 1955) has been devoted to visual arts developing his creative work together with a wide range of criticism, theoretical, curatorial and docent activity. In 1980 he was co-founder of Photovision, a bilingual publication (Spanish & English) for which he keeps being the editor. Since 1996 he is professor in the Audiovisual Communication Program in the Universitat Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona.", + "date": "born 1955", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BegumGawharShad", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Begum, Gawhar-Shad", -"comment": "Simpson, Marianna Shreve; Sultan Ibrahim Mirza's Haft Awrang: A Princely Manuscript from Sixteenth-Century Iran, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997. daughter of Sultan Ibrahim Mirza Safavid", -"date": "active mid 16th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ForbesAlexanderJ", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Forbes, Alexander J.", + "comment": "Arts and Crafts Movement in California :Living the Good Life. 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", + "date": "active late20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BerthautLM", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Berthaut, L.-M.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. landscape architect, student of François-Joseph Bélanger", -"date": "active early 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FriesJohn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fries, John", + "comment": "Greiff, Constance M.; Lost America, From the Mississippi to the Pacific, Princeton: Pyne Press, 1972. born in Bavaria, trained in the United States as an architect builder, worked in San Antonio", + "date": "1818-1880", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BertholdJohannes", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Berthold, Johannes", -"comment": "Fiedler, Jeannine and Peter Feierabend; Bauhaus, Cologne: Konemann, 2000. ", -"date": "active ca. 1925", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FrimodigJohnRennell", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Frimodig, John Rennell", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "died 1995", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BertrandSolange", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bertrand, Solange", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. French painter, sculptor and engraver", -"date": "born 1913", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FryBenjamin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fry, Benjamin", + "comment": "Greene, Rachel; Internet Art, London: Thames & Hudson, 2004. ", + "date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BertschKarl", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bertsch, Karl", -"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", -"date": "b. 1895", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FryeGillanMolinaroArchitects", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Frye Gillan Molinaro Architects", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Chicago-based architectural firm specializing in the design and construction of public and academic libraries", + "date": " ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BesleyRobert", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Besley, Robert", -"comment": "Meggs, Philip B.; History of Graphic Design, 3rd edition, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998. ", -"date": "active ca. 1845", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuLin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fu, Lin", + "comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. Fu Lin was born in Yuanping, Shanxi province. In 1963 Fu joined the People's Liberation Army. He studied woodblock printing informally and, by 1964, his work already was featured in the Third National People's Liberation Army Art Exhibition. He is a member of both the Chinese Printmakers' Association and Chinese Artists' Association. ", + "date": "born 1941", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BesnardKar", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Besnard, Kar", -"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuLongan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fu, Long'an", + "comment": "Rawski, Evelyn S. and Jessica Rawson; China: The Three Emperors, 1662-1795, London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2005. ", + "date": "active 18th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeuilA", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Beuil, A.", -"comment": "Leniaud, Jean-Michel; Cathédrales au XIXe Siècle, Paris: Economica, 1994. ", -"date": "active mid-19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuShan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fu, Shan", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). f32s34 (b Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 12 July 1607; d Songzhuang, Shanxi Province, 23 July 1684). Chinese calligrapher, painter, poet and scholar–official. He was born in northern China to a scholarly family. When he was only 15 he passed the local examination, the first of three stages in the civil service examination ladder, to receive his xiucai degree and in 1625 became a stipendiary. Following his failure in the next stage—the provincial examinations—he went to study at the San Li Academy in Taiyuan. There he gained a reputation as a man of high moral character, in part because of his aversion to widespread official corruption in the late part of the Ming period (1368–1644); this may have hindered his advancement to an official career. After the Manchu conquest and the subsequent establishment of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), Fu Shan’s loyalty to the preceding dynasty led to his imprisonment and torture. In 1655, however, his students secured his release, and he began a period of travel in the northern provinces, visiting famous mountains, including Mt Hua in Shaanxi Province and Mt Tai in Shandong Province. During this period he worked as a physician and won renown as a poet. At the age of 72, Fu Shan was urged to take the boxue hongci examination, which Qing officials hoped would bring eminent scholars into the administration. He refused but was compelled nonetheless to journey to Beijing to pay his respects to the court. When he reached the city gates Fu Shan would go no further, throwing himself to the ground in protest. His action was interpreted as a gesture of obeisance, and he was allowed to return to Shanxi with the title of Secretary of the Grand Secretariat, an honour which he never acknowledged. He spent his later years in Songzhuang, south of Taiyuan, and died there. As a calligrapher, Fu Shan is regarded as one of the most original talents of his time; he favoured deliberately misshapen characters and once avowed that he preferred ‘deformities to slipperiness, the spontaneous to the premeditated’. A similar inclination is seen in his paintings, which are mostly of pines and rocks, bamboo or landscapes. An undated landscape (see fig.) represents a river valley winding among cliffside houses and leafy trees. Thin, even brushstrokes define the form of the rock groupings and provide texture; the thickly wooded foreground landscape becomes increasingly light and barren as the valley yields to distant peaks, and zigzag movements create a sense of depth. In the centre of the painting an overhang merges confusingly with adjacent cliffs so that there is no clear sense of which rock face precedes another. Like Wu bin, Fu Shan also painted fanciful or fantastic landscapes. Some examples of this kind on album leaves depict flamelike peaks and pinnacles, meandering streams and waterfalls. These visionary landscapes are quite different from the plain riverscapes of the Southern school artists of the Jiangnan region and the more conservative works of the Northern school landscapists.--DOA", + "date": "1602-1683", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeukemaSteve", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Beukema, Steve", -"comment": "Albrecht, Donald, Ellen Lupton, and Steven Skov Holt; Design culture now : National Design Triennial , New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuZhigui", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fu, Zhigui", + "comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese painter from Wuqing, Hebei Province, graduated 1953 from the Central Art Academy; worked as a propaganda artist during the Cultural Revolution.", + "date": "b. 1931", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BiaisMaurice", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Biais, Maurice", -"comment": "Rennert, Jack; Posters of the Belle Epoque: the Wine Spectator Collection, New York: Wine Spectator Press, 1990. A self-taught amateur, Biais left little data about himself. He gained some notoriety with his humorous drawings, and executed a series of drawings for two Paris hospitals. For a time, he became somewhat famous as Jane Avril's husband. Belatedly, he became interested in lithography and executed some posters for his wife and other stage personalities. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuZhisen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fu, Zhisen", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BianWenjin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bian, Wenjin", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). b33w27j32 Alternate names: Pien Wen-chin, 邊文進 Ming Dynasty", -"date": "active ca. 1400-1440", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuZhu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fu, Zhu", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BianWenyu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bian, Wenyu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). b33w27y35 Alternate names: Pien Wen-yü, 卞文瑜 Qing Dynasty", -"date": "active ca. 1620-1670", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BidaudChristophe", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bidaud, Christophe", -"comment": "Sustainable French Timber Houses: L'Affaire de Wood, Victoria, Australia: Images Publishing Group Pty Ltd, 2006. French architect", -"date": "active ca. 1990-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuchsMaximilian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fuchs, Maximilian", + "comment": "Wolff, Arnold; Der Kölner Dom, Köln: Verlag Kölner Dom, 1995. ", + "date": "active early 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BiddlecombeJames", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Biddlecombe, James", -"comment": "Brand, Stewart; How Buildings Learn: What Happens After They're Built, New York: Viking Penguin, 1994. printmaker", -"date": "active late 18th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FudeyaTokan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fudeya Tokan", + "comment": "Tokyo National Museum; 100th Anniversary of the Japan Art Institute: Lineage of Modern Japanese Art, Tokyo: Japan Art Institute, 1998. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bidpai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bidpai", -"comment": "Ettinghausen, Richard; Arab Painting, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1977. alternate name: Bidpay", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BieErasmusde", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bie, Erasmus de", -"comment": "Camesasca, Ettore; History of the House, New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1971. ", -"date": "1629-1675", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuggerRaimond", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fugger, Raimond", + "comment": "Metropolitan Museum of Art; Islamic World, Tokyo: Dai Nippon Printing Co., 1987. Member of the Augberg mercantile-banking family. Owner of the National Gallery of Art's Nuremberg Chronicle, this version was especially bound for him.", + "date": "1489-1535", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BiemannDominik", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Biemann, Dominik", -"comment": "Rak, Jiri, Radim Vondracek and Clauda Terenzi; Biedermeier: Art and Culture in Central Europe, 1815-1848, Milan, New York: Skira Editore, Rizzoli International, 2001. ", -"date": "1800-1857", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FujiiKoyu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fujii, Koyu", + "comment": "Tokyo National Museum; 100th Anniversary of the Japan Art Institute: Lineage of Modern Japanese Art, Tokyo: Japan Art Institute, 1998. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BienandPrince", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bien & Prince", -"comment": "New York Art Deco Skyscrapers, 1924-1939, Tokyo: E ando Yu, 1987. American architecture firm active in New York", -"date": "active ca. 1930", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BigelowJacob", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bigelow, Jacob", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. prominent doctor, botanist and landscape architect", -"date": "1787-1879", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FujimakiYoshio", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fujimaki, Yoshio", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1909-1935", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BilletEtienne", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Billet, Etienne", -"comment": "Peltre, Christine; Orientalism in Art, First Edition, New York: Abbeville Press, 1998. ", -"date": "1821-1888", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FujitaBunzo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fujita, Bunzo", + "comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", + "date": "1861-1934", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BilloutGuy", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Billout, Guy", -"comment": "Chwast, Seymour and Steven Heller; Art of New York, New York, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1983. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FujiwaranoYorimichi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fujiwara no Yorimichi", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Founder of Byodo-in temple", + "date": "990-1074", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BinghamWilliam", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bingham, William", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Bingham was a delegate for Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 1788 and served in the United States Senate from 1795 to 1801. He helped to found the Bank of North America, the first bank of the new nation, in 1781", -"date": "1752-1804", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FujiwaraTakaaki", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fujiwara, Takaaki", + "comment": "Toda, Teisuke and Toshio Ebine; Suibokuga to Chusei Emaki, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. ", + "date": "1351", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BirchlerAlexander", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Birchler, Alexander", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Swiss, born 1962 in Baden, Switzerland. M.F.A., Nova Scotia College of Art and Design, Halifax.", -"date": "born 1962", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FukaseMasahisa", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fukase, Masahisa", + "comment": "Szarkowski, John and Shoji Yamagishi; New Japanese Photography, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1974. ", + "date": "born 1934", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BirdS", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bird, S.", -"comment": "Jenkins, Ian; Greek Architecture and Its Sculpture, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006. illustrator", -"date": "active 2000s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FukudaTamotsu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fukuda, Tamotsu", + "comment": "Meiji kaikaki no nishikie (Meiji Japan through woodblock prints), Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1989. 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Richards.", -"date": "1849-1859", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BishopRobertC", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bishop, Robert C.", -"comment": "Hume, Sandy, Ellen Manchester, Gary Metz and Nathan Lyons; Great West: Real/Ideal, Boulder: University of Colorado at Boulder, 1977. ", -"date": "1921-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FulperPotteryCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fulper Pottery Company", + "comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. ", + "date": "1860-ca. 1935", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BismarckAnnaMariavon", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bismarck, Anna Maria von", -"comment": "George, Michael and Consuelo M. Correcher; Gardens of Spain, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1993. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Fult", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fult", + "comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BistofoliLeonardo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bistofoli, Leonardo", -"comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. ", -"date": "1859-1933", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FunandFrolicInc", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fun and Frolic, Inc.", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Madison Heights, Michigan", + "date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlackUnionofSouthwestLu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Black Union of Southwest Lu", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese avant-garde artist group formed by Dong Chao and Li Han in Heze, Shandong province.", -"date": "formed November 1985", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FunMagazine", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fun Magazine", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. See http://www.uflib.ufl.edu/UFDC/?c=punch&b=UF00078627 for full run online", + "date": "1861-1901", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlackaderAdam", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Blackader, Adam", -"comment": "Baker, Malcolm and Brenda Richardson; Grand Design: the Art of the Victoria and Albert Museum, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1997. ", -"date": "active late 18th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FunkeW", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Funke, W.", + "comment": "Chicago Daily Tribune; International Competition for a New Administration Building for the Chicago Tribune, Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune, 1923. Architect, worked in Germany", + "date": "active ca. 1920", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlakeEubie", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Blake, Eubie", -"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuretLouisTheodors", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Furet, Louis-Theodors", + "comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", + "date": "1816-1900", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlanchardJoshua", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Blanchard, Joshua", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Master brick mason known for building the Thomas Hancock house on Beacon Hill, the original Faneuil Hall and the Old South Meeting house.", -"date": "active ca. mid-17th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FurnessandEvans", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Furness and Evans", + "comment": "O'Gorman, James F.; Architecture of Frank Furness, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1973. ", + "date": "1881-1886", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlanchardPorterGeorge", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Blanchard, Porter George", -"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. Boston born, moved to California in 1923, founded a firm that has continued to produce hollowware and flatware to this day", -"date": "1886-1973", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FurnessandHewitt", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Furness and Hewitt", + "comment": "O'Gorman, James F.; Architecture of Frank Furness, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1973. ", + "date": "1871-1875", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlankfortMichael", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Blankfort, Michael", -"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", -"date": "active ca. 1935", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FurnessEvansandCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Furness, Evans and Company", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1886-1932", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlascowitzCharles", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Blascowitz, Charles", -"comment": "Downing, Antoinette F. and Vincent J. Scully; Architectural Heritage of Newport Rhode Island, 1640-1915, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1952. ", -"date": "ca. 1775", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FurnitureShop", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Furniture Shop", + "comment": "Clark, Robert Judson; Arts and Crafts Movement in America, 1876-1916, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972. established by Lucia and Arthur Mathews; distinctive for use of colorful designs on furniture", + "date": "active ca. 1905-1920", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlasiusLeonhard", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Blasius, Leonhard", -"comment": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Blasius. ", -"date": "died 1644", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FurnitureShopoftheRoycrofters", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Furniture Shop of the Roycrofters", + "comment": "Bowman, Leslie Green. American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design. Los Angeles, Calif. : Los Angeles County Museum of Art ; Boston : Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown, c1990. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlechmanRO", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Blechman, R. O.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Born in New York City in 1930. American animator and illustrator.", -"date": "born 1930", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlevinsMel", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Blevins, Mel", -"comment": "UO AAA Library Architectural Drawing Collection. AAA Architecture student", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FurtwanglerAdolf", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Furtwangler, Adolf", + "comment": "Brommer, Frank; Sculptures of the Parthenon" Metopes, Frieze, Pediments, Cult, Statue, English edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 1979. author", + "date": "1853-1907", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlinnHenry", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Blinn, Henry", -"comment": "Rieman, Timothy D. and Jean M. Burks; Complete Book of Shaker Furniture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , Publishers, 1993. Shaker furniture maker", -"date": "1824-1905", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuruhashiTeiji", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Furuhashi, Teiji", + "comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", + "date": "1960-1995", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlinnJ", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Blinn, J.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FurukawaAkira", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Furukawa, Akira", + "comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. Honolulu-based photographer", + "date": "second quarter 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlinnJames", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Blinn, James", -"comment": "Greenberg, Donald, Aaron Marcus, Allan H. Schmidt and Vernon Gorter; Computer Image: Applications of Computer Graphics, Reading: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1982. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuruyamaMoromasa", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Furuyama, Moromasa", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1712-1772", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlodgettSamuel", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Blodgett, Samuel", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 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", -"date": "late 15th - early 16th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GanAlekseiM", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gan, Aleksei M.", + "comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bokuzan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bokuzan", -"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BoldyNouar", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Boldy, Nouar", -"comment": "Gastman, Roger, Zio Fulcher and Jamie Rivadeneira; Hello Kitty, Hello Art!, New York: Abrams, 2012. Active 2005- present", -"date": "Late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ganbun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ganbun", + "comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. an artist famous for his inlays of miniscule ants", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BolekHans", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bolek, Hans", -"comment": "Roder, Sabine, Gerhard Storck, and Michael Fehr; Deutsches Museum fur Kunst in Handel und Gewerbe, 1909-1919, Antwerp: Pandora, 1997. ", -"date": "1890-1978", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BomanjiPestonjiE", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bomanji, Pestonji E.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1851-1938", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GannettAlison", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gannett, Alison", + "comment": "McGregor, Suzi Moore and Nora Burba Trulsson; Living Homes: Sustainable Architecture and Design, San Francisco: Chronicle Press, 2008. American designer and builder", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BombayAvYaga", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bombay, Av Yaga", -"comment": "Daniel, Noel; Magic: 1400s-1950s, Cologne: Taschen, 2009. ", -"date": "active 1915", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GannettHenry", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gannett, Henry", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American geographer who is described as the 'Father of the Quadrangle (geography)' which is the basis for topographical maps in the United States", + "date": "1846-1914", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BonačićVladimir", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bonačić, Vladimir", -"comment": "Shanken, Edward A.; Art and Electronic Media, London; New York: Phaidon Press, 2009. ", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaoCen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gao, Cen", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g26c28 Alternate names: Kao Ts'en, 高岑 Qing dynasty One of the Eight Masters of Jinling: Term used to designate eight leading members of the Nanjing School of painting who were active in the second half of the 17th century. They were Gong xian, Fan Qi Ye Xin, Zou Zhe, Gao Cen, Hu Cao, Wu Hong and Xie Sun.--DOA", + "date": "active ca. 1670", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BonaventuraGustavoEttore", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bonaventura, Gustavo Ettore", -"comment": "Lista, Giovanni; Futurism & Photography, London: Merrell Publishers Limited, 2001. ", -"date": "1882-1966", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaoFenghan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gao, Fenghan", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g26f27h24 Alternate names: Kao Feng-han, 高鳳瀚 Qing dynasty (b Jiaozhou (modern Jiao xian), Shandong Province, 1683; d ?Shandong Province, 1748–9). Chinese painter, calligrapher, seal-carver, collector and poet. The son of a minor official in charge of local education, Gao developed an interest in poetry, painting and seal-carving in his early youth, when he also began to collect old seals and inkstones. The great poet Wang Shizhen took a liking to him and left instructions before his death that Gao be admitted into the ranks of his disciples. A relative of the poet, Wang Qilei, also provided Gao with some formal instruction in the art of painting, beyond what he could learn from his father, an amateur painter of orchids and bamboo. Gao’s official career did not begin until 1729, when he took up an appointment as assistant magistrate of She xian, Anhui Province. In 1734 a new assignment took him to Taizhou, east of Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province. In 1736, having become entangled in a legal dispute involving a chief commissioner of the salt gabelle, he was briefly imprisoned; this and his deteriorating health, which resulted in the paralysis of his right hand, inevitably led to his resignation from officialdom. His physical disability compelled him to paint with his left hand and this produced a dramatic change in his style. The former ease, assurance and strength, as displayed in such paintings from the 1720s to the mid-1730s as Peony by the Grotto (see fig.) were never repeated. His calligraphy, however, which had previously betrayed his penchant for the mannered repetition of specific sets of movement, rhythm and cadence, evolved and matured. The earlier tremulous, childlike strokes gave way to increasingly steady pacing and controlled rhythm. Although the uniqueness of Gao’s style set him apart from the contemporary art scene, it also gave him a degree of notoriety, even fame. Cast as an eccentric, he was strongly associated with the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou (and sometimes counted as a ninth; see Yangzhou school), although his sojourns in that city rarely lasted long. He is more accurately described as a Shandong artist who, for most of his life, fashioned his vision in response to artistic currents in that province. A series of paintings in album format (1723; Hong Kong, Bei Shan Tang Col.) shows not only that he was keenly aware of the local artistic heritage as exemplified by such minor artists as Yang Han and Wang Yushi (both active a generation or two earlier than Gao, and whose paintings he collected), but also that he occasionally affected their styles. In the darkened tonality and repeated forms of his later works, there is a faint echo of such Shandong precursors as Fa ruozhen, whose individualistic landscapes featured ambiguous renderings of form and bold contrasts of light and shade. In addition to paintings by Gao on the themes of landscape, ancient trees (see fig.) and crows, and flowers and plants, eight portraits of the artist are extant, painted by followers, with the background sketched in by Gao himself. Some bear laudatory comments from friends and acquaintances and reflect the image-consciousness to which several of his contemporaries were also prone. Gao’s literary works include Nanfu Shanren quanji (‘Complete works of Nanfu Shanren [Gao]’; known to have survived in manuscript form), Nanfu Shanren shiji leigao (‘Selection of poems by Nanfu Shanren’; Shanghai, 1919) and Nanfu Shanren xiaowen cungao (‘Surviving essays by Nanfu Shanren’; Shanghai, 1983). Yanshi (‘History of Inkstones’; 4 juan) was published only in 1849 as a result of the funding and collaboration of later admirers, Wang Xiang (1789–1852), Wang Yuesheng (c. 1788–1841) and Wu Xizhai (1799–1870).--DOA", + "date": "1683 - 1747", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BondyFriedl", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bondy, Friedl", -"comment": "Cohen, Joyce Tenneson; In/Sights: Self Portraits by Women, Boston: David R. Godine Publisher, 1978. ", -"date": "born 1946", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaoJianfu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gao, Jianfu", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g26j26f32 Alternate names: Kao Chien-fu (Kao Lun), 高劍父, Gao Lun Modern (b Panyu County, Guangdong Province, 12 Oct 1879; d Macao, 22 May 1951). Chinese painter. He was one of the principal founders of the Lingnan school of painting in southern China in the 1920s and 1930s. He sought to modernize the Chinese art world by introducing new painting techniques and through such innovations as public art exhibitions and art classes in public institutions. The three founders of the Lingnan school—Gao Jianfu, his younger brother Gao Qifeng (1889–1935), and Chen Shuren (1883–1949)—all served their apprenticeships in traditional Chinese painting at the studio of Ju Lian (1828–1904) in Lishan in Panyu County. Between 1892 and 1898 Gao studied and executed paintings of birds, flowers and insects in Ju Lian’s style and, under the patronage of a wealthy collector, Wu Deyi (d c. 1920), made numerous copies of paintings of the Song (960–1279) and Yuan (1279–1368) periods in Wu’s collection. In 1903 Gao enrolled at the Guangzhou (Canton) Christian College, where he studied Western painting under Mai La (a Frenchman). Two years later he became a teacher at an elementary school. These were formative years, not only artistically but also in Gao’s exposure to the turbulent political and intellectual currents of the time, which made him increasingly open to revolutionary ideology. To continue his artistic studies, Gao travelled to Tokyo in 1905, followed by Gao Qifeng and Chen Shuren, and soon became a member of the Alliance Society (Tongmeng hui), a precursor of the Chinese Nationalist Party (Guomindang or KMT). In his bid to forge a new visual language, Gao turned to subjects found in Japanese painting, particularly lions, tigers, hawks and eagles set in picturesque landscapes, which were fused with a naturalism and vigour quite new to contemporary Chinese painting. He also introduced a romantic element by his frequent use of mists and snow and by underscoring allegorical messages. When Gao returned to Guangzhou in 1908 he helped establish a branch of the Alliance Society under cover of a painting shop. He worked for the Alliance until the end of the 1911 uprising that marked the end of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), and the establishment of the Republic (1912–49). In 1912 he withdrew from politics and moved to Shanghai with his brother. There he opened his own publishing house, the most significant product of which was The True Record (Zhenxiang huabao), a magazine containing photographs as well as drawings and text closely linked to politics. He also pioneered the public art exhibition, showing (and selling) his work in Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Guangzhou and Hong Kong. In 1916 the Gao brothers moved back to Guangzhou and Jianfu became a member of the Guangdong Industrial Art Commission, head of the Provincial Industrial School and founder of the Spring Slumber Studio (Chunshui huayuan), where his students and associate artists became known as the Lingnan Painters. Characteristic of the New Chinese-style Painting (Xin guohua) they created was the fusion of Japanese and Western artistic values, such as perspective, atmosphere and chiaroscuro, with traditional Chinese brushwork. Steed Hualiu in Wind and Rain (1925), the Five-storey Pavilion (1926) and Evening Bell at the Misty Temple (undated) are typical paintings of the new movement. In 1931 Gao travelled to Burma, India, Ceylon, Persia and Egypt. On his return to China, he wrote several books on his experiences and took up a post at the National Sun Yat-sen university, Guangzhou. In 1935 he became visiting professor at the Central University in Nanjing, which became an important platform for his views. In one lecture he delivered there, published in 1955 as ‘My Views on Modern Chinese Painting’, he stressed the need to combine Western artistic ideas with Chinese traditions and to include modern subject-matter in Chinese painting. During the 1920s and 1930s Gao painted landscapes in which aeroplanes, automobiles, railways and the ravages of war were clearly depicted. With the outbreak of war against Japan in 1937 the Lingnan school quickly fell from favour, and although exhibitions continued to be held in Macao, where Gao fled after the Communist takeover of China in 1949, it lost its momentum.--DOA", + "date": "1879 - 1951", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BonfilsFelix", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bonfils, Felix", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. French photographer known for his work in the Near East during the late 19th century; he established the Maison Bonfils photography studio in Beirut with his wife and son in 1867.", -"date": "1831-1885", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaoKegong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gao, Kegong", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g26k27g33 Alternate names: Kao K'o-kung, 高克恭 Yuan dynasty (b Fangshan, Beijing, 1248; d 1310). Chinese painter, poet and government official. Of Muslim Uygur descent, he was the eldest of five sons from a family that combined Muslim and Han cultures and enjoyed favourable social status when the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty (1279–1368). From an early age he was taught by his father, a highly respected Confucian scholar who instructed Gao in the Chinese classics, preparing him well for government service. Gao began his service in the Yuan government at the age of 27, eventually achieving the high rank of governor and a minister of justice. In addition to serving at the court in Dadu (Khanbalik, now Beijing), he held various positions in many parts of China, including Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. While serving in the River Yangzi delta area, Gao became acquainted with many of the painters and poets of that southern region; these included other northern literati who also served in the south, such as Li Kan, Xianyu Shu (1257–1302) and Li Zhongfang ( fl c. 1245–1320). One of his close friends was the leading painter and calligrapher Zhao Mengfu, a southerner who served the Mongols both in the south and at the court in Beijing. As a northerner, Gao developed his art mainly from the literati tradition of the Northern Song period (960–1127), especially from the landscape painting of Mi Fu and the bamboo painting of Su Shi. As a result he held a special position in the art of the Yuan period, transmitting the landscape painting tradition begun by Mi Fu to the Yuan and later periods and encouraging its introduction into the southern areas of China. Gao’s two best-known works are Clearing after a Spring Rain in the Mountains (hanging scroll, ink on silk; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), which has an inscription by Li Kan dated 1299, and Clouds Encircling Luxuriant Peaks (hanging scroll, ink on silk; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), also with an inscription by Li Kan but dated 1309. While the former reflects Gao’s earlier manner, when he was still attempting to solve the problems of the Mi Fu tradition, the latter represents his maturity. It demonstrates the transformation of the monumental landscape typical of the Northern Song period into a style that is both more characteristic of Yuan period painting and representative of Gao’s individual contribution to it. His bamboo painting style is exemplified by Bamboo and Rock (hanging scroll, ink on silk; Beijing, Pal. Mus.), which is inscribed with a poem by Zhao Mengfu and includes rocks executed in the long ‘hemp-fibre’ brushstrokes ( pima cun), derived from Dong Yuan, that were commonly used by literati painters of the Yuan period.--DOA", + "date": "1248 - 1310", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BoniGiuseppe", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Boni, Giuseppe", -"comment": "Chicago Daily Tribune; International Competition for a New Administration Building for the Chicago Tribune, Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune, 1923. Italian architect", -"date": "active ca. 1920", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaoMinglu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gao, Minglu", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist, author, curator and critic. ", + "date": "b. 1949", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BonnarThomas", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bonnar, Thomas", -"comment": "http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/99519/details/house+of+falkland/. ", -"date": "active mid 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaoQifeng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gao, Qifeng", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + "date": "1889-1933", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bonpo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bonpo", -"comment": "Toda, Teisuke and Toshio Ebine; Suibokuga to Chusei Emaki, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. ", -"date": "15th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaoQuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gao, Quan", + "comment": "Laing, Ellen Johnston; Winking Owl: Art from the People's Republic of China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988 (0520060970). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BookchinNatalie", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bookchin, Natalie", -"comment": "Greene, Rachel; Internet Art, London: Thames & Hudson, 2004. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BooseJ", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Boose, J.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaoXiang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gao, Xiang", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g26x25 Alternate names: Kao Hsiang, 高翔 Qing dynasty", + "date": "active ca. 1700 - 1730", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BoothCharles", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Booth, Charles", -"comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. stained glass window maker", -"date": "active mid 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaoXiaohua", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gao, Xiaohua", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", + "date": "active ca. 1980", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BoothbyWilburF", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Boothby, Wilbur F.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American architect, born in Maine, educated at Fulton College in New York; settled in Salem, Oregon in 1864.", -"date": "1840- ca. 1905", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaozongEmperorofChina", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gaozong, Emperor of China", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g26z58 Alternate names: Kao-tsung, 高宗 Song dynasty (b Bianliang [modern Kaifeng], Henan Province, 1107; reg 1127–62; d Lin’an, now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 1187). Chinese calligrapher, art patron and founding emperor of the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279). He was the ninth son of the Song artist–emperor Huizong and inherited his father’s artistic talent. He played an important role in encouraging the arts, reviving imperial patronage and setting a standard for his royal successors. Gaozong received a thorough classical education, and his artistic interests were not discouraged, for he was not expected ever to rule. When his oldest brother, the Emperor Qinzong (reg 1126–7), was captured by the Jürchen nomads, founders of the Jin dynasty (1115–1234) in the north, Gaozong took the throne in order to perpetuate the Song dynasty in the south. He rallied support among the literati and the military by bestowing his calligraphic transcriptions of carefully selected texts on specific individuals. His calligraphy enjoyed widespread familiarity and influence after he started distributing rubbings of his works to successful jinshi (civil service examination graduates) in 1135; in the 1140s he had his transcriptions of the Confucian classics engraved on stone tablets. Gaozong particularly excelled in the slightly informal Song kai (Song regular script, also called xing kaishu) and the somewhat archaic zhang caoshu (draft cursive) script. His development as a calligrapher is attested by a series of dated works, as well as by the comments of late 12th-century writers. As a youth he was strongly influenced by the distinctively individual style of Huang tingjian, whose diagonal and horizontal strokes were written with a tremulous brush and strokes of exaggerated length. The influence of Huang’s style is seen in Gaozong’s earliest extant writing, Foding Guangming ta bei (‘Stele for the Guangming pagoda’, rubbing, 1133; Tokyo, Imp. Household col.). In the late 1130s, Gaozong changed to the more classically elegant style of Mi Fu (see Mi, (1)), as is seen in his Ci Yue Fei shouchi (‘Handwritten order to general Yue Fei’, c. 1138; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). In the early 1140s, he turned directly to Mi Fu’s own models, the Two Wangs (Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi; see Wang (i), (1) and (2)), and followed their styles for the rest of his life. Most of his extant calligraphy is in this mode, the best-known example being his Huizong wenji xu (‘Preface to the collected writings of Huizong’, 1154; Kyoto, Mrs Ogawa priv. col.). Late in life he favoured zhang caoshu script, seen in his transcription of Luoshen fu (‘Nymph of the Luo River’, after 1162; Shenyang, Liaoning Prov. Mus.). --DOA", + "date": "1107 - 1187 (r. 1127 - 1163)", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BorchertErich", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Borchert, Erich", -"comment": "Fiedler, Jeannine and Peter Feierabend; Bauhaus, Cologne: Konemann, 2000. German painter; studied at the Bauhaus Dessau; student of Klee, Kandinsky and Feininger; died in a gulag in Kazakhstan.", -"date": "1907-1944", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GardenMasterofJapperrhive", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Garden Master of Japperrhive", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BordicchiaM", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bordicchia, M.", -"comment": "Brandenburg, Hugo; Ancient Churches of Rome From the Fourth to the Seventh Century, English edition, Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2005. ", -"date": "active early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BorenszteinLeon", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Borensztein, Leon", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GardenHughMackieGordon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Garden, Hugh Mackie Gordon", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "born 1873", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BornsteinJennifer", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bornstein, Jennifer", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "born 1970", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GardinAlbertoBerengo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gardin, Alberto Berengo", + "comment": "Stierlin, Henri; Greece: From Mycenae to the Parthenon, Cologne: Taschen, 1997. Illustrator from Milan", + "date": "active 1990s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BorofskyJohathan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Borofsky, Johathan", -"comment": "Fineberg, Jonathan. Art since 1940 : strategies of being. New York : Prentice Hall : H.N. Abrams, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GardinerJM", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gardiner, J.M.", + "comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BorommarachaIIKing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Borommaracha II, King", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Also called Chao Sam Phraya (third governor), he was the surviving son of King Intharachathirat and acceded to the throne after the death of his two older brothers in 1424. He built Wat Ratchaburana on the site of their cremation in Ayutthaya.", -"date": "1424-1448", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BorromeoCarloIII", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Borromeo, Carlo III", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1586-1652", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GardnerAB", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gardner, A. B.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. photographer", + "date": "active 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BoschRobert", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bosch, Robert", -"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GardnerWilliam", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gardner, William", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. American photographer", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BosscheVanden", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bossche, Van den", -"comment": "Loze, Pierre and François Loze; Belgium Art Nouveau: from Victor Horta to Antoine Pompe, Ghent: Eiffel Editions, 1991. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GarenGeorges", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Garen, Georges", + "comment": "Heinle, Erwin; Towers: A Historical Survey, New York, Rozzoli, 1989. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BossiMaterno", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bossi, Materno", -"comment": "Schütz, Bernard; Great Monasteries of Europe, English language edition, New York; London: Abeeville Press Publishers, 2004. plasterer of the Wurzburg court", -"date": "active late 18th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BostwickZalmon", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bostwick, Zalmon", -"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. ", -"date": "active 1846-1852", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GarrinPaul", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Garrin, Paul", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + "date": "born 1957", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bouchet", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bouchet", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GarrodRichard", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Garrod, Richard", + "comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. American photographer based in Monterey, California. Studied under Ansel Adams, Brett Weston, and Minor White.", + "date": "b. 1924", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BoudSue", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Boud, Sue", -"comment": "Broude, Norma and Mary D. Garrar, eds.; Power of Feminist Art: the American Movement of the 1970s, History and Impact, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994. student in the Feminst Art Program, Fresno State College, 1970. Model/participant in Cunt Cheerleaders.", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GarzaRafeal", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Garza, Rafeal", + "comment": "Benedikt, Michael; Overland Partners: Building on Values: Costruire sui valori, Milan: L'Arca Edizioni, 2002. ", + "date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BougierJacques", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bougier, Jacques", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GassanArnold", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gassan, Arnold", + "comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. American photographer.", + "date": "b. 1930", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BoulterChristopher", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Boulter, Christopher", -"comment": "Soros, Susan Weber; E.W. Godwin: Aesthetic Movement Architect and Designer, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999. ", -"date": "late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GatesPotteries", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gates Potteries", + "comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. Subsidiary of American Terra Cotta and Ceramic Company founded by William Day Gates; its art pottery line, Teco, was introduced by Gates in 1900. ", + "date": "1881-1945", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BoultonandFothergill", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Boulton & Fothergill", -"comment": "Goodison, Nicholas; Matthew Boulton: Ormolu, revised edition, London: Christie's, 2002. British manufacturers for metalwork, including plating and gilding, and for the manufacture of gilded ornamentation or ormolu.", -"date": "1762-1782", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GatesWilliamDay", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gates, William Day", + "comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. founder of Gates Potteries in Terra Cotta, Illinois; designer for the Teco pottery line", + "date": "1852-1935", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BouraineMarcel", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bouraine, Marcel", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. French sculptor", -"date": "1886-1948", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GattiPiero", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gatti, Piero", + "comment": "Fiell, Charlotte and Peter Fiell; Modern Chairs, Cologne: Taschen, 1993. ", + "date": "1940-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BourdinJulesAndreGabriel", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bourdin, Jules Andre Gabriel", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 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San Franciscan mining magnate and spouse", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BowditchErnest", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bowditch, Ernest", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American landscape designer", -"date": "1849-1918", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GauldinAnne", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gauldin, Anne", + "comment": "Broude, Norma and Mary D. 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American photographer, active ca.1977-1979", -"date": "active 1970-1980", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GisseyHenryde", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gissey, Henry de", + "comment": "Strong, Roy C. Designing for the dancer. Universe Books, 1982.. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BushnaqYusef", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bushnaq, Yusef", -"comment": "Hattstein, Markus and Peter Delius; Islam: Art and Architecture, Cologne: Könemann, 2000. ", -"date": "active 1824-1848", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BusinkThA", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Busink, Th. A.", -"comment": "Stierlin, Henri; Encyclopaedia of World Architecture v.1, Second edition, London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1979. ", -"date": "1970", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GiulioAnton", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Giulio, Anton", + "comment": "Lista, Giovanni; Futurism, Paris: Finest S.A./Editions Pierre Terrail, 2001. photographer?", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BusquetsiJanéJoan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Busquets i Jané, Joan", -"comment": "Robinson, William H, Jordi Falgàs, and Carmen Belen Lord; Barcelona and Modernity: Picasso, Gaudí, Miró, Dalí, Cleveland, New Haven: Cleveland Museum of Art, Yale University Press, 2006. Joan Busquets i Jané studied at La Llotja in Barcelona under General Guitart i Lostaló (1859-1926). After his studies Busquets was awarded a 'borsa de viatge' to visit museums in Spain. His first major exhibition was the Third Exposition of Fine and Industrial Arts (Barcelona, 1896), where he received an honorable mention. He became director of the Busquets workshop after his father, Joan Busquets i Cornet (1845-1915), retired. ", -"date": "1874-1949", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GiustiAgostino", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Giusti, Agostino", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Count", + "date": "active late 16th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ButchartJennie", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Butchart, Jennie", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Jennie Butchart, married to cement manufacturer Robert Pim Butchart, supervised the conversion of a depleted limestone quarry into the Butchart Gardens, a world class garden complex in Victoria, British Columbia.", -"date": "active after 1905", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GlassPhilip", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Glass, Philip", + "comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ButlerWinnie", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Butler, Winnie", -"comment": "Perry, Rachel Berenson; T.C. Steele & the Society of Western Artists, 1896-1914, Bloomington; Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2009. American photographer", -"date": "active 1920s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ButterweckBarbara", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Butterweck, Barbara", -"comment": "Blackwell, Lewis; Twentieth-Century Type, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1992. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GlassTom", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Glass, Tom", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from original printed materials donated by Tom Cherrytree, Eugene, Oregon.. American graphic designer based in San Francisco who specialized in rock concert poster designs. Alternate name: Ned Lamont", + "date": "active ca. 1960s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BuxhoevedenSKBaroness", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Buxhoeveden, S.K., Baroness", -"comment": "Lyons, Marvin; Russian Original Photographs 1860-1920, New York: Scribner, 1977. photographer", -"date": "active 1900s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GleneaglesofScotland", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gleneagles of Scotland", + "comment": "Hix, Charles; Man Alive! Dressing the Free Way, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1984. Fashion retailer and name brand, based in Edinburgh", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ByrdcliffeColony", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Byrdcliffe Colony", -"comment": "Green, Nancy E. and Jessie Poesch; Arthur Wesley Dow and American Arts and Crafts, New York: American Federation of Arts; Harry N. Abrams, 1999. Founded in 1903 in Woodstock, New York, Byrdcliffe is one of the older artists' colonies in the country, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its historical and architectural significance.", -"date": "active 1903 to present", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GlessnerFrancesMacbeth", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Glessner, Frances Macbeth", + "comment": "Barter, Judith A.; Apostles of Beauty: Arts and Crafts From Britain to Chicago, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. American metalworker", + "date": "1848-1932", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BYYArtGroup", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "BYY Art Group", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Artists' organization formed in Quanzhou; the name is derived from the Chinese words for 'difference', 'bu yi yang'. The group consisted of 13 artists, including Cai Guoqiang, now internationally known, and others.", -"date": "active 1980s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GloverDeLay", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Glover, De Lay", + "comment": "Name derived from original printed material house in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Oregon.. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/calc", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "c a l c", -"comment": "Greene, Rachel; Internet Art, London: Thames & Hudson, 2004. Teresa Alonso Novo, Looks Brunner, tOmi Scheiderbauer, Males Spiegel, Silke Sporn", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CandEFein", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "C. & E. Fein", -"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. Stuttgart", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GoddardDonald", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Goddard, Donald", + "comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", + "date": "contemporary", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/COlivettiMilan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "C. Olivetti, Milan", -"comment": "Raizman, David S. History of Modern Design. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2004. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GodeauSimon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Godeau, Simon", + "comment": "Ogrin, Dusan; World Heritage of Gardens, New York: Thames and Hudson, 1993. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CFCheffinsLithographers", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "C.F. Cheffins, Lithographers", -"comment": "Snow, John, Wade Hampton Frost and B.W. Richardson; Snow on Cholera, being a Reprint of Two Papers By John Snow, M.D., New York; London: Commonwealth Fund; Humphrey Mildord: Oxford University Press, 1936. Lithography firm of Charles F. Cheffins of Southampton Buildings, London during mid 19th century", -"date": "mid 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CaballeroJavier", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Caballero, Javier", -"comment": "Mena, Juan Carlos and Óscar Reyes; Sensacional Mexican Street Graphics, New York: Princeton Architectural press, 2002. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GoHanazonoEmperor", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Go-Hanazono, Emperor", + "comment": "Tsuji, Nobuo; Sesshū to Yamatoe Byōbu, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", + "date": "1419-1471", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CadabraThea", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Cadabra, Thea", -"comment": "De la Haye, Amy. Fashion sourcebook. London : Macdonald Orbis, 1988. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GokuraSenjin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gokura, Senjin", + "comment": "Tokyo National Museum; 100th Anniversary of the Japan Art Institute: Lineage of Modern Japanese Art, Tokyo: Japan Art Institute, 1998. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CadoganG", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Cadogan, G.", -"comment": "Myers, J. Wilson, Eleanor Emlen Myers and Gerald Cadogan; Aerial Atlas of Ancient Crete, Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1992. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CahenRobert", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Cahen, Robert", -"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", -"date": "born 1945", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GoldenbergDavid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Goldenberg, David", + "comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CahnM", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Cahn, M.", -"comment": "Berger, Ernst and Madeleine Gisler-Huwiler; Parthenon in Basel: Dokumentation Zum Fries, Mainz: Philip von Zabern, 1996. illustrator", -"date": "active 1990s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CaiDian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Cai, Dian", -"comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. 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", + "date": "1912-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CaiDizhi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Cai, Dizhi", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). born in Shunde, Guangdong Province; specializes in woodcut, Chinese art; alternate name: 蔡迪支", -"date": "born 1918", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GoldngAndy", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Goldng, Andy", + "comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. musician", + "date": "contemporary", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CaiJia", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Cai, Jia", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c23j25 Alternate names: Ts'ai Chia, 蔡嘉 Qing Dynasty", -"date": "b. ca. 1680 - 1760", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GolʹdshteĭnGP", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Golʹdshteĭn, G. P.", + "comment": "King, David; Commissar Vanishes: the falsification of photographs and art in Stalin's Russia, First Edition, New York: Metropolitan Books, 1997. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CaiJin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Cai, Jin", -"comment": "China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. Chinese painter, graduated from the Fine Arts Department of Anhui University in 1986; received her masters from the Central Academy of Fine Arts in Beijing in 1991.", -"date": "b. 1965", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GoldsteinIda", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Goldstein, Ida", + "comment": "Meyer, Marilee Boyd; Inspiring Reform: Boston's Arts and Crafts Movement, Wellesley: Davis Museum and Cultural Center, 1997. 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", -"date": "active early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GraziaEnzoDi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Grazia, Enzo Di", + "comment": "Hoag, John D.; Islamic Architecture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1977. Studio of Enzo Di Grazia", + "date": "ca. 1975", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CapodilistaGiovanni", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Capodilista, Giovanni", -"comment": "Tanner, Marie; Jerusalem on the Hill: Rome an dth Vision of St, Peter's in the Renaissance, Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2010. ", -"date": "active late 15th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GreatbatchWilliam", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Greatbatch, William", + "comment": "Hildyard, Robin; European Ceramics, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999. ", + "date": "active mid 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Capodimonteporcelainfactory", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Capodimonte porcelain factory", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1743-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GreatorexEleanor", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Greatorex, Eleanor", + "comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. ", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CappelliBaccio", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Cappelli, Baccio", -"comment": "Victoria and Albert Museum; http://www.vam.ac.uk/. Florence", -"date": "active 1700-1730", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GreenandKing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Green and King", + "comment": "Soros, Susan Weber; E.W. Godwin: Aesthetic Movement Architect and Designer, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999. 19th century London firm who advertised themselves as artists and decorators; collaborated with E.W. Godwin in furniture production and interior decoration work", + "date": "third quarter 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CapponiAndreamarchese", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Capponi, Andrea, marchese", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active 18th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GreenHenry", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Green, Henry", + "comment": "Rieman, Timothy D. and Jean M. Burks; Complete Book of Shaker Furniture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , Publishers, 1993. 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Virginia planter who established an estate in Louisiana", + "date": "late 18th-early 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CapronMP", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Capron, M.P.", -"comment": "Branner, Robert; Cathédrale de Bourges et sa Place dans L'architecture Gothique, Paris, Bourges: Editions Tardy, 1962. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GreeneHerb", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Greene, Herb", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from original printed materials donated by Tom Cherrytree, Eugene, Oregon.. American photographer of the sixties music scene in San Francisco", + "date": "born 1942", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CaramGabrielEsper", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Caram, Gabriel Esper", -"comment": "Uffelen, Chris van; Low Price Houses, Salenstein: Braun, 2011. 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", + "date": "b. ca. 1520", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CeculaMarek", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Cecula, Marek", -"comment": "Vecchio, Mark Del; Postmodern Ceramics, New York: Thames and Hudson, 2001. ", -"date": "1944", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuHaoqing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gu, Haoqing", + "comment": "Brown, Claudia and Ju-hsi Chou; Transcending Turmoil: Painting at the Close of China's Empire, 1796-1911, Phoenix: Phoenix Art Museum, 1992. 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American fashion designer", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuJianlong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gu, Jianlong", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g35j26l43 (1606-ca. 1687) Alternate names: Ku Chien-lung, 顧見龍 Qing dynasty Court painter in the Kangxi period. Painted portraits and historical motifs.--Seymour", + "date": "1606-ca. 1687", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChaShibiao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Cha, Shibiao", -"comment": "Goepper, Roger; Essence of Chinese Painting, Boston: Boston Book and Art Shop, 1963. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuLinshi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gu, Linshi", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. 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Abrams, Inc., 1998. French lithography printer known for his work with graphic designer Paul Colin", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuLuo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gu, Luo", + "comment": "Brown, Claudia and Ju-hsi Chou; Transcending Turmoil: Painting at the Close of China's Empire, 1796-1911, Phoenix: Phoenix Art Museum, 1992. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Chachrylion", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chachrylion", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Greek Attic potter", -"date": "active ca. 520-470 BCE", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChaineHenri", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chaine, Henri", -"comment": "Clark, William W. and Robert Mark; First Flying Buttresses: A New Reconstruction of the Nave of Notre-Dame de Paris, Art Bulletin, vol. 66, no. 1. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuPan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gu, Pan", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Chakravarty", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chakravarty", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuXiaoping", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gu, Xiaoping", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Jiangsu Province.", + "date": "b. 1969", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChalonAbel", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chalon, Abel", -"comment": "Rennert, Jack; Posters of the Belle Epoque: the Wine Spectator Collection, New York: Wine Spectator Press, 1990. Abel Chalon is said to be the pseudonym of the Paris painter Georges Abel. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuYide", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gu, Yide", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g35y28d27 Alternate names: Ku I-te, 顧懿德 Ming dynasty Landscape painter in the style of Wang Meng, also Guanyin pictures.--Seymour", + "date": "1600-1650", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChamblyE", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chambly, E.", -"comment": "Daniel, Noel; Magic: 1400s-1950s, Cologne: Taschen, 2009. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuYuanII", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gu, Yuan (II)", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). from Guangdong, alternate name: 古元", + "date": "1919-1996", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChanPeter", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chan, Peter", -"comment": "Gastman, Roger, Zio Fulcher and Jamie Rivadeneira; Hello Kitty, Hello Art!, New York: Abrams, 2012. active 2008 -present", -"date": "Born 1985", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuYuanI", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gu, Yuan (I)", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g35y37, Alternate names: Ku Yüan, 顧原, Qing dynasty, Landscape and flower painter.--Seymour", + "date": "active ca. 1720", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChandMuhammad", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chand Muhammad", -"comment": "Metropolitan Museum of Art; Islamic World, Tokyo: Dai Nippon Printing Co., 1987. ", -"date": "active ca. 1680", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuYun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gu, Yun", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g35y39 Alternate names: Ku Yün, 顧澐 Qing dynasty Went as envoy to Japan ca. 1887. Painted flowers, landscapes, followed the "Four Wangs."--Seymour", + "date": "1835-1896", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChandlerHewitt", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chandler, Hewitt", -"comment": "Rieman, Timothy D. and Jean M. Burks; Complete Book of Shaker Furniture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , Publishers, 1993. Shaker furniture maker", -"date": "1833-after 1882", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GualandiGiuseppe", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gualandi, Giuseppe", + "comment": "http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Gualandi. ", + "date": "1870-1944", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChandlerJosephE", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chandler, Joseph E.", -"comment": "Morrison, Hugh; Early American Architecture From the First Colonial Settlements to the National Period, New York: Oxford University Press, 1952. ", -"date": "1864-1945", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuanDaosheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Guan, Daosheng", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g38d26s42 Alternate names: Kuan Tao-sheng, 管道昇, Lady Wei Yuan dynasty The earliest Chinese female painter whose artistic personality can be defined on the basis of both written records and extant works is Guan Daosheng (1262–1319). Wife of the renowned scholar–official and artist Zhao Mengfu, Guan Daosheng is also the most famous female painter in Chinese history. She is said to have depicted a range of subjects, including Buddhist figures, but to have excelled in monochrome ink-bamboo (mozhu). She reportedly created a distinctive type of bamboo painting featuring new-growth bamboo groves after rain. A composition of this type dated 1308, now mounted with other Yuan paintings in a handscroll belonging to the National Palace Museum in Taipei, may best represent her work. Guan Daosheng was also admired for her calligraphy. According to her epitaph, Emperor Renzong (reg 1312–21) collected an example of her writing, along with pieces by her husband and their son Zhao Yong, for the imperial archives, and remarked: ‘[This] will let later generations know that my reign not only had an expert female calligrapher, but a whole family capable in calligraphy, which is an extraordinary circumstance!’ (Weidner and others).--DOA Painter and calligrapher. Painted bamboo, plum blossoms, orchids, landscapes, rocks, and Buddhist images.--Seymour", + "date": "1262-1325?", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChaneyRufus", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chaney, Rufus", -"comment": "Heartney, Eleanor; Art & Today, New York: Phaidon Press, Inc., 2008. agronomist with the U.S. Department of Agriculture", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuanFusheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Guan, Fusheng", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. from Guangdong Province, woodcut artist; alternate name: 关夫生", + "date": "born 1919", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChangHong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chang, Hong", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). 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Chinese artist during the Cultural Revolution", + "date": "b. 1942", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChangJin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chang, Jin", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuanShanyue", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Guan, Shanyue", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. 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American landscape architect, active on Mount Desert Island, Maine", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuoMu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Guo, Mu", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1931-1949 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981;. alternate name: 郭牧", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChauKuLeungArchitectsandEngineersLtd", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chau Ku Leung Architects & Engineers Ltd.", -"comment": "New Look of Environmental Design For a Sustainable Environment and Society, Tokyo: Orange Book Co., Ltd., 2005. Chinese architectural firm", -"date": "active early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChauchetGuillerCharlotte", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chauchet-Guiller, Charlotte", -"comment": "Brunhammer, Yvonne and Suzanne Tise; Decorative Arts in France, 1900-1942, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1990. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuoWei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Guo, Wei", + "comment": "China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. Chinese painter; born in Chengdu; graduated 1989 from Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts.", + "date": "b. 1960", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChedameGeorges", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chedame, Georges", -"comment": "Waddell, Gene; Creating the Pantheon: Design, Materials and Construction, Rome: L'Erma di Bretschneider, 2008. ", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuoXu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Guo, Xu", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g44x34 Alternate names: Kuo Hsü, 郭詡 Ming dynasty (1456-after 1526) Painted landscapes and figures.--Seymour", + "date": "1456-after 1526", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChelaFarrukh", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chela, Farrukh", -"comment": "Falk, Toby, ed.; Treatures of Islam, London: Philip Wilson Publishers, Ltd., 1985 (0856671967). Alternate names: Farrukh-i Khurd-i Chela Mughal painter", -"date": "active 1580-1615", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GurschnerGustav", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gurschner, Gustav", + "comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. ", + "date": "1873-1971", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChelseaKeramicArtWorks", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chelsea Keramic Art Works", -"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. Begun as a workshop by its founder Alexander William Robertson in 1865 and became a family firm in 1872 when he was joined by his father and two brothers.", -"date": "1872-1889", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GustSchaeuffelenschePapierfabrik", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gust. Schaeuffelen'sche Papierfabrik", + "comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. Heilbronn", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenYongzhi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen Yongzhi", -"comment": "Museum of Fine Arts Boston, New York: Newsweek, 1969. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Gustaham", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gustaham", + "comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. Ruler of the Baduspanid line, one of the various petty dynasties ruling in Mazanderan.", + "date": "1473", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenBanding", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Banding", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuteHJ", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gute, H. J.", + "comment": "Rostovtzeff, M.; Dura-Europos and Its Art, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1938. ", + "date": "active 1930s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenChangxi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Changxi", -"comment": "Clunas, Craig; Empire of Great Brightness: Visual and Material Cultures of Ming China, 1368-1644, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2007. ", -"date": "17th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GutstadtH", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gutstadt, H.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenChongguang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Chongguang", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2001. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenDanqing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Danqing", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -"date": "born 1953", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuvrkianGabriel", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Guvrkian, Gabriel", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenDao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Dao", -"comment": "Goepper, Roger; Essence of Chinese Painting, Boston: Boston Book and Art Shop, 1963. Chinese painter; alternative name Chen Zhi", -"date": "active first half 17th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenDehua", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Dehua", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -"date": "active second half 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuzakKaren", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Guzak, Karen", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenGongbo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Gongbo", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2003. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuzzonM", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Guzzon, M", + "comment": "Paolucci, Antonio, Carlo R. Chiarlo et al; Il Battistero di San Giovanni a Firenze, Modena: F.C. Panini, 1994. Italian architectural illustrator", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenGua", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Gua", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38g36 Alternate names: Ch'en Kua, 陳括 Ming Dynasty", -"date": "active ca. 1546-1554", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GwynneAL", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gwynne, A.L.", + "comment": "Leboff, David and Tim Demuth; No Need to Ask! Early Maps of London's Underground Railways, Middlesex: Capital Transport Publishing, 1999. Map designer for the London Underground", + "date": "active ca. 1935", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenGuangwu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Guangwu", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Liuzhou, Guangxi Province; works in Beijing.", -"date": "b. 1967", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GyoFumon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gyo, Fumon", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1896-1972", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenHaiyan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Haiyan", -"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Fusheng, Liaoning province", -"date": "born 1955", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GyokudoKinshi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gyokudo, Kinshi", + "comment": "Murase, Miyeko; Bridge of Dreams: The Mary Griggs Burke Collection of Japanese Art, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenHengke", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Hengke", -"comment": "Fong, Wen; Between Two Cultures: Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Chinese Paintings From the Robert H. Ellsworth Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; New Haven: Metropolitan Museum of Art; Yale University Press, 2001. ", -"date": "1876-1923", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenHengque", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Hengque", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2004. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Gyokuen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gyokuen", + "comment": "Murase, Miyeko; Bridge of Dreams: The Mary Griggs Burke Collection of Japanese Art, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenHong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Hong", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38h33 Alternate names: Ch'en Hung, 陳閎 Tang Dynasty", -"date": "active ca. 714-742", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenHongshou", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Hongshou", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38h33s44 Alternate names: Ch'en Hung-shou, 陳洪綬 Ming Dynasty", -"date": "1599-1652", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GyokuhoShoso", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gyokuho, Shoso", + "comment": "Hickman, Money L. et al.; Japan's Golden Age: Momoyama, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenHuichiao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Hui-chiao", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Tanshui; now resides in Taipei", -"date": "born 1964", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenJiru", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Ji-ru", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38j25y24 Alternate names: Ch'en Chi-ju, 陳繼儒 Ming dynasty (b Huating, Jiangsu Province [modern Songjiang, Shanghai Municipality], 16 Dec 1558; d 19 Oct 1639). Chinese editor, writer, calligrapher and painter. He exemplified the literati ideal of the accomplished gentleman–scholar who rejected the sordid world of political involvement and devoted himself to a life of literary, artistic and philosophical pursuit. At the age of 28, having passed the prefectural examination, the first important step leading to a career in government office, Chen renounced official life in a dramatic gesture, by burning his Confucian cap and gown. Thereafter he lived at country retreats at Kunshan and then Mt She, near Huating in Jiangsu Province: entertaining guests; writing and editing; composing the poems, prefaces, epitaphs and biographies for which he was in constant demand; and travelling to places of scenic beauty in the company of friends. Chen followed the lead of his close friend Dong qichang, the foremost painter, calligrapher and connoisseur of the late Ming period (1368–1644), in admiring the Southern school of painting. His best-known book on painting and calligraphy, the Nigulu (‘A record of my love for the antique’), is a collection of short passages that evaluate the great masters of the past or comment on works seen at the homes of artists and collectors, who often invited him to append his colophons. In calligraphy, he modelled himself most closely on the Song (960–1279) masters, Su shi and Mi Fu (see Mi, (1)). By attempting to combine Su’s strength of brushwork with Mi’s brilliant variety of stroke, he succeeded in forming his own style of running script (xingshu), distinguished by its angularity and continual fluctuation between heavy and fine strokes, punctuated here and there by elongated horizontals set at a decided slant. Among his paintings, notably of plums, his smaller compositions are the more successful: album leaves with a single branch engagingly captured within a small frame (e.g. Plum Blossoms, ink on paper; Kyoto, N. Mus.). His larger compositions are less skilfully contrived, their different elements failing to fuse into a well-structured and cohesive whole. The landscapes that go by his name are often in the loose, wet style associated with Mi Fu. The 20th-century art historian Xu Bangda maintains that they are all either forgeries or daibi (paintings executed for him at his own request by artists belonging to his circle, often with Chen’s genuine inscription and seals) and should be classed simply as products of the Songjiang (i.e. Huating) school. Chen’s place in Chinese art history derives from his close involvement in the intellectual and artistic milieu of Huating, into which were drawn many of the most talented artists of his time, by whom he was regarded with special affection and admiration. So fond of Chen was Dong Qichang that he built a studio named Laizhong lou (‘Pavilion to welcome Zhong[shun]’); and a younger contemporary, the painter and calligrapher Huang Daozhou, wrote of him: ‘For noble aspirations and breadth of learning, there is no one to match Jiru.’--DOA", -"date": "1558-1639", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Gyokushu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gyokushu", + "comment": "Meiji kaikaki no nishikie (Meiji Japan through woodblock prints), Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1989. 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Chinese painter", -"date": "active ca. 1980", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenJuzhong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Juzhong", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38j36z45 Alternate names: Ch'en Chü-chung, 陳居中 Song dynasty", -"date": "active ca. 1201-1204", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Gyoshosai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gyoshosai", + "comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenKaiming", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Kaiming", -"comment": "Nebiolo, Gino; La Cina dei Cinesi, Ivrea: Priuli & Verlucca, 1973. Chinese peasant painter during the Cultural Revolution", -"date": "active ca. 1965", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenKaizhi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Kaizhi", -"comment": "Nebiolo, Gino; La Cina dei Cinesi, Ivrea: Priuli & Verlucca, 1973. Chinese peasant painter during the Cultural Revolution", -"date": "active ca. 1965", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HRiffarth", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "H. Riffarth", + "comment": "Deutsches Historisches Museum; Kunst! Kommerz! Visionen!: Deutsche Plakate, 1888-1933, Heidelberg: Edition Braus, 1992. Berlin", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HStollandCo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "H. Stoll & Co.", + "comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. Reutlingen", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenLian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Lian", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38j34 Alternate names: Ch'en Lien, 陳廉 Ming dynasty", -"date": "active ca. 1620", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HLCampandCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "H.L. Camp and Company", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + "date": "active ca. 1925", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenLide", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Lide", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaQiongwen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ha, Qiongwen", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "born 1925", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenLingyang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Lingyang", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Zhejiang Province; graduated from the Central Academy of Fine Arts in Beijing in 1999; lives and works in Beijing", -"date": "b. 1975", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaackandHöpfner", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Haack & Höpfner", + "comment": "Bradbury, Dominic; Iconic House: Architectural Masterworks since 1900, London: Thames & Hudson, 2009. German architectural firm of Lydia Haack and John Höpfner", + "date": "est. 1996", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Chenlisheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, lisheng", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Henan Province, art amateur; alternate name: 陈力生", -"date": "born 1926", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaagRichard", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Haag, Richard", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American landscape architect known for his work in Seattle and Bainbridge Island; founder of the Landscape Architecture program at the University of Washington", + "date": "born 1923", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenLu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Lu", -"comment": "Bickford, Maggie; Bones of Jade, Soul of Ice, New Haven: Yale University Art Gallery, 1985. Chinese painter", -"date": "active 1436-1449", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HabershamS", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Habersham, S.", + "comment": "Rifkind, Carole; Field Guide to American Architecture, New York: New American Library, 1980. illustrator", + "date": "active 1980s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenMaozhi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Maozhi", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", -"date": "active ca. 1980", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HabertAlfred", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Habert, Alfred", + "comment": "Daniel, Noel; Magic: 1400s-1950s, Cologne: Taschen, 2009. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenMei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Mei", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38m27 Alternate names: Ch'en Mei, 陳枚 Qing dynasty", -"date": "active ca. 1730-1742", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenMingzhi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Mingzhi", -"comment": "He, Li and Michael Knight; Power and Glory: Court Arts of China's Ming Dynasty, San Francisco: Asian Art Museum, 2008. Nanjing brickworker during the Hongwu reign period of the Ming", -"date": "late 14th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HabibAllah", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Habib Allah", + "comment": "Grabar, Oleg; Mostly Miniatures: An Introduction to Persian Painting, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000. painter, Safavid", + "date": "fl. ca. 1600", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenPing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Ping", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaciMehmetTahirEfendi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Haci Mehmet Tahir Efendi", + "comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. alternate nane: Mehmet Tahir", + "date": "d. 1845", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenRong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Rong", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38r29 Alternate names: Ch'en Jung, 陳容 Song dynasty (b Changle, Fujian Province; fl 1235–62). Chinese painter and poet. He passed the national civil-service examination to obtain the title of jinshi in 1235 and held several official posts, the last of which was the governorship of Putian (Fujian Province). He specialized in monochrome-ink paintings of dragons, and he was also well known as the author of heroic poems during the 1250s. He is said to have studied the poems and paintings of flying dragons by Li Yu (reg 961–75), ruler of the Southern Tang period (937–75). Eleven paintings of dragons are attributed to Chen Rong, of which three may be genuine or accurate copies made during the Southern Song period (1127–1279). Nine Dragons Appearing through Clouds and Waves (handscroll, ink with touches of red on paper, 0.46×10.96 m; Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.) is inscribed by the artist and dated 1244. The dragons are drawn in calligraphic lines that stand out against the background of clouds, rocks and water. Their heads express their power and also betray a certain humour, two attributes of the Dao (‘Way’). In contrast to the old-fashioned depiction of triangular scales on the dragons’ bodies, the background is expressionistic, executed in varied ink tones produced by rubbing the paper with an ink-soaked cloth. Long, sweeping brushstrokes are used to draw the movements of the clouds and water, while short brushstrokes of dry and wet ink conjure the massive rocks.--DOA", -"date": "active ca. 1235-1262", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HadawayWS", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hadaway, W.S.", + "comment": "Thompson, Susan Otis; American Book Design and William Morris, 2nd expanded edition, New Castle, DE, London: Oak Knoll Press, British Library, 1996. ", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenRuyan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Ruyan", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38r33y24 Alternate names: Ch'en Ju-yen, 陳汝言 Yuan dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, ?1331; d 1371). Chinese painter and scholar. He grew up in the Lake Tai region of Jiangsu Province, the area around which literati artists of the Yuan (1279–1368) and early Ming (1368–1644) periods were active. The Yuan dynasty was in decline, attended by political turmoil and military strife, and Chen served in military and civil positions first under the rebel leader Zhang Shicheng and then under Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder and first emperor (Hongwu, reg 1368–98) of the Ming dynasty. Chen’s painting career spanned barely two decades; he was not prolific, but his small corpus of extant works presents a well-focused image of the range and style and expression available to a scholar–painter in the Suzhou area from the late 1350s to the early 1370s. Chen’s earliest extant work, Picture of the Jing River ( Jing xi tu; hanging scroll, ink on silk; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), executed when he was not yet 30, was commissioned with specific requirements. Painted for the Wang family, recently displaced from their villa by the Jing River because of rebel fighting, the scroll presents a panoramic composition using long hemp-fibre texture strokes ( pima cun) and schematic yet literal architectural detail. Chen is cited as the painter of this nostalgic portrayal (though he did not sign it) in an inscription of 1359 by one of the Four Masters of the Yuan period, Ni Zan, a friend of the Chen family. Chen was pursuing his official duties, probably in Hangzhou, under worsening threat from rival armies when he painted Woodcutter of Mt Luofu (Luofu shan qiao tu; hanging scroll, ink on silk; Cleveland, OH, Dean Perry priv. col.). Unlike his early works, which depicted local sites, this was an idealized landscape in which Chen employed his characteristic hemp-fibre texture strokes to represent the distant mountain. Mt Luofu, in Guangdong Province, was linked in popular myth with the floating paradise of Penglai, the land of the Daoist immortals, supposed to be situated on the coast of the province. The woodcutter theme was a traditional image of withdrawal. Chen Ruyan was executed for unspecified political offences in the autumn of 1371. A brief eulogy inscribed by Ni Zan in the 12th month of that year on Chen’s Land of Immortals (Xianshan tu; handscroll, ink and colour on silk; Cleveland, OH, Dean Perry priv. col.) cites as Chen’s source the early Yuan artist Zhao Mengfu, whose works Chen may have seen during his official stay in Wuxing and Hangzhou, in Zhejiang Province. In this vision of paradise, Chen employed the blue-and-green palette of mineral colours first used in the Tang period (ad 618–907) together with long fibrous strokes that textured the undulating mountain forms. Chen Ruyan’s descendants continued the family tradition of scholarship into the 15th century. His son Chen Ji (1370–1434) and grandson Chen Kuan (1398–after 1467) figured prominently in Suzhou’s intellectual circles, and Chen Kuan was one of the principal teachers of the young Shen zhou.--DOA", -"date": "ca. 1331-1371", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaeberleRonald", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Haeberle, Ronald", + "comment": "Wood, Paul, Francis Frascina, Jonathan Harris, and Charles Harrison; Modernism in Dispute: Art Since the Forties, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1993. ", + "date": "ca. 1970", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenShabing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Shabing", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province; original name: Chen Suping; alternate name: 陈沙兵", -"date": "1920-1979", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaeckelErnst", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Haeckel, Ernst", + "comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenShaofeng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Shaofeng", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", -"date": "b. 1961", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenShaoxiong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Shaoxiong", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Shantou, Guangdong Province; graduated 1984 from Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts; member of the Big Tail Elephant Group.", -"date": "b. 1962", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HafizOsman", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hafiz Osman", + "comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. calligrapher Ottoman", + "date": "1642-1698", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenShu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Shu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38s455 Alternate names: Ch'en Shu, 陳舒 Qing dynasty From Zhejiang province. Second wife of Qian Lunguang, a poet and calligrapher who occasionally added inscriptions to Shu's paintings. Her father-in-law, Qian Ruizheng, was a noted calligrapher and painter who appreciated her work. After her death, her son Qian Chenqun gave many of her paintings to the Qianlong Emperor. Poet and calligrapher. Painted the full range of traditional subjects, including religious figures, landscapes, birds, flowers, and plants. --Weidner", -"date": "1660-1736", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HafiziAbru", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hafiz-i Abru", + "comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. Lutf Allah Ibn 'abd Ar-rashid Al-bihdadini Hafiz-i Abru born , Herat, Khorasan [now in Afghanistan] died 1430, Zanjan, Azerbaijan Persian historian, and one of the most important historians of the Timurid period (1370–1506). Hafiz-i Abru was apparently educated in the city of Hamadan. Later he became an extensive traveler and went with the Turkic conqueror Timur on a number of campaigns, including those in the Middle East against Aleppo and Damascus in 1400–01. After the ruler's death, Hafiz-i Abru entered the service of Timur's son, Shah Rokh (1405–46), and his grandson, Prince Baysunqur (d. 1433), as court historian and thus settled in Herat. He died on the return from Shah Rokh's second campaign in Azerbaijan in 1430. Among his major works is the Majmu'a (“Collected Work”), which was commissioned by Shah Rokh; it is mainly a collection of three older well-known historical works with continuations and an introduction and index by Hafiz-i Abru. His Majma' al-tavarikh (“The Compendium of History”) is a world history divided into four volumes (arba', “quarters”) that cover the pre-Islamic prophets and ancient Iran, a history of Muhammad and the caliphate up to 1258, Iran during the Seljuq and the Mongol periods, and, finally, Iran under the Timurid rulers. The last section was dedicated to Prince Baysunqur and has a separate title, Zubdat at-tavarikh-i Baysunghuri (“Baysunqur's Cream of History”). He also translated a geographic work from Arabic, the Masalik al-mamalik wa suwar al-akalim (“The Roads of the Kingdoms and the Forms of the Climes”), in which he included historical sections on various provinces of Iran. (http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9038756/Hafiz-i-Abru)", + "date": "?-1430", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenShun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Shun", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38s53 Alternate names: Ch'en Shun, 陳淳; Chen Chun Ming dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 1483; d 1544). Chinese painter, calligrapher and poet. Born into a wealthy family of the scholar–official class, he is known for his landscapes (see fig.) and flower paintings. He was once a student of Wen Zhengming and was loosely associated with the Wu school. He is best known for his landscapes in the style of the Northern Song-period (960–1127) master Mi Fu and his son, Mi Youren, and of their Yuan-period (1279–1368) interpreter, Gao Kegong (see fig.). The Mi style was rarely appreciated by Suzhou artists, but Chen’s affinity for it could be explained by the fact that his family owned a painting by Mi Youren. The style is characterized by cone-shaped or rounded hills composed of large, horizontal, wet blobs of ink applied in vertical layers. Chen added motifs and techniques borrowed from the Suzhou artist Shen Zhou, such as rhomboid plateaux outlined with dry brush lines and squat, blocky figures. Chen further modified the Mi style, giving it a rich, colouristic effect by introducing fluid colour washes and large blobs of blue and buff, as in his Hills and Streams after Rain (handscroll, ink and colour on paper; Kansas City, MO, Nelson–Atkins Mus. A.). Chen Shun’s flower paintings range from isolated, single sprays of blossoms to tangled masses of grasses and flowering plants. He worked in both ink monochrome and colour, using an unevenly loaded brush to create shaded strokes suggesting depth and shadow. Chen enhanced the quality of depth and form with a puddling technique, applying dark tones over still-wet light areas. In some of his flower paintings, for example Garden Flowers (album, ink and colours on gold-flecked paper, 1540; New York, Met.), he combined ink-outlined, colour-filled (goule) blooms with those done in the ‘boneless’ (mogu) style. He covered the surface of one page in this album with flowers of different shapes, colours and sizes: large white lilies, smaller pink carnations and tiny yellow asters. In common with his landscapes, his flower paintings are sensuous and richly coloured. His influence is apparent in the work of Xu Wei and Jiang Pu, whose lotuses directly imitate those by Chen Shun. He and Xu Wei are often referred to together by later artists and critics as baiyang qingteng (‘full sun, green tendrils’) for their expressive style of flower painting.--DOA", -"date": "1483-1544", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HagenErnestF", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hagen, Ernest F.", + "comment": "Kenny, Peter M., Michael K. Brown, Frances F. Bretter and Matthew A. Thurlow; Duncan Phyfe, Master Cabinetmaker in New York, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2011. Worked with J. Matthew Meier.", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenShunchu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Shun-chu", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. b. Pescadores (Penghu), Taiwan B.A., Chinese Cultural University, Taipei, 1986", -"date": "b. 1963", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HagenbeckKarl", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hagenbeck, Karl", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. alternate name: Carl Hagenbeck "Father of the modern zoo"", + "date": "1844-1913", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenShuren", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Shuren", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HagenerSilberschmiede", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hagener Silberschmiede", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1910-1914", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenTianran", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Tianran", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Henan, member of the Chinese Art Association, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 陈天然 ", -"date": "born 1926", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HagesandrosofRhodes", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hagesandros of Rhodes", + "comment": "Kleiner, Fred S. and Christin J. Mamiya; Gardner's Art Through the Ages, Twelfth Edition, Belmont, California: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2005. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenTiegeng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Tiegeng", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Xingning, Guangdong Province; alternate name: 陈铁耕", -"date": "1908-1970", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenWeixiong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Weixiong", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese painter specializing in folk art designs", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HagetsuTosatsu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hagetsu, Tosatsu", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1516-1585", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenWenbo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Wenbo", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Chongqing, Sichuan Province; graduated from the Sichuan Academy of Fine Art; lives and works in Beijing.", -"date": "b. 1969", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaggardKen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Haggard, Ken", + "comment": "McGregor, Suzi Moore and Nora Burba Trulsson; Living Homes: Sustainable Architecture and Design, San Francisco: Chronicle Press, 2008. American architect", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenXian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Xian", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38x24 Alternate names: Ch'en Hsien, 陳賢 Ming dynasty", -"date": "active ca. 1635-1675", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HagiwaraMakoto", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hagiwara, Makoto", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. landscape designer responsible for creating and maintaining the Japanese Tea Garden at Golden Gate Park in San Francisco.", + "date": "late 19th-early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenYanning", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Yanning", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -"date": "born 1945", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HahnHans", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hahn, Hans", + "comment": "Chicago Daily Tribune; International Competition for a New Administration Building for the Chicago Tribune, Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune, 1923. German architect", + "date": "active ca. 1920", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenYanqiao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Yanqiao", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). Also published prints under the name Li Wucheng, was mentored by Lu Xun in the woodcut movement, co-founded both the Wild Grain Woodcut Society and the Empty Wave Painting Society in 1933. Helped Li Hua organize the second National Traveling Woodcut Exhibition of 1936.", -"date": "1911-ca. 1970", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaiBo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hai, Bo", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Changchun, Jilin Province; lives and works in Beijing.", + "date": "b. 1962", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenYanyin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Yanyin", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", -"date": "active ca. 1995", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaifengNi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Haifeng, Ni", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 1964 born in Zhoushan, P. R. China, presently lives and works in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.1986 Graduated from Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts", + "date": "born 1964", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenYifei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Yifei", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). Chinese painter, fashion designer; commercially successful in the United States", -"date": "1946-2005", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HailongXie", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hailong, Xie", + "comment": "Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. New York: Abbeville Press, 1997. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenYiming", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Yiming", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", -"date": "active ca. 1980", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenYinchao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Yinchao", -"comment": "Rotondo, Lisa E.; Chinese Revolutionary Woodcuts, 1935-1948: From the Herman Collection, Middletown (CT): Davison Art Center, 1984. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HajiBanuBegam", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Haji Banu Begam", + "comment": "Archnet; http://archnet.org. Widow of Humayun, mother of Akbar", + "date": "1562-1572", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenYuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Yuan", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38y37 Alternate names: Ch'en Yüan, 陳遠 Ming dynasty", -"date": "Ming dynasty", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HajicekJames", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hajicek, James", + "comment": "Hume, Sandy, Ellen Manchester, Gary Metz and Nathan Lyons; Great West: Real/Ideal, Boulder: University of Colorado at Boulder, 1977. American photographer.", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenYuexi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Yuexi", -"comment": "Wu Tung; Tales From the Land of Dragons: 1,000 Years of Chinese Painting, Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1997. ", -"date": "ca. 14th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenZhifo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Zhifo", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). Chinese painter from Zhejiang, studied in Japan, known for his bird and flower paintings in the gongbi style.", -"date": "1896-1962", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HalasLaceWorkshop", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Halas Lace Workshop", + "comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. ", + "date": "1902-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenZihe", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Zihe", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c38z57h27 Alternate names: Ch'en Tzu-ho, 陳子和 Ming dynasty", -"date": "active ca. 1500", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HalcyonArtPottery", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Halcyon Art Pottery", + "comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. a commercial venture of the Halcyon Colony, a utopian community founded near Pismo Beach, California in 1903. Alexander William Robertson acted as art director from 1910-1912.", + "date": "1910-1913", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChenZongyuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chen, Zongyuan", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. no information available about this artist ", -"date": "active Ming dynasty", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaleFrankGardner", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hale, Frank Gardner", + "comment": "Meyer, Marilee Boyd; Inspiring Reform: Boston's Arts and Crafts Movement, Wellesley: Davis Museum and Cultural Center, 1997. MA jewelry designer", + "date": "1876-1945", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CheneyRH", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Cheney, R.H.", -"comment": "Bernard, Bruce; Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography, 1840-1940, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. ", -"date": "active 1850s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HallLindsleyF", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hall, Lindsley F.", + "comment": "Grinnell, Isobel Hoopes; Greek Temples, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1943. ", + "date": "mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengConglin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Cheng, Conglin", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HallPeter", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hall, Peter", + "comment": "Clark, Robert Judson; Arts and Crafts Movement in America, 1876-1916, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972. born Stockholm; alternate name: Jonasson; master builder who collaborated with his brother John", + "date": "1867-1939", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengJunfang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Cheng, Junfang", -"comment": "Possessing the past : treasures from the National Palace Museum, Taipei / Wen C. Fong, James C.Y. Watt; with contributions by Richard M. Barnhart ... [et al]. New York : Metropolitan Museum of Art : Distributed by H.N. Abrams, 1996. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HallRoy", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hall, Roy", + "comment": "Greenberg, Donald, Aaron Marcus, Allan H. Schmidt and Vernon Gorter; Computer Image: Applications of Computer Graphics, Reading: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1982. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengLi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Cheng, Li", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "born 1941", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HallWilliamWeeks", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hall, William Weeks", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. great grandson of architect David Weeks", + "date": "1894-1958", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengMian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Cheng, Mian", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. Cheng was born in Weifang, Shandong Province. He occupied the position of art editor of Huabei People's Publishing House in 1951. He is the member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association. alternate name: 程勉 ", -"date": "born 1933", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HallockBrook", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hallock, Brook", + "comment": "Broude, Norma and Mary D. Garrar, eds.; Power of Feminist Art: the American Movement of the 1970s, History and Impact, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengQi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Cheng, Qi", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c39g22 Alternate names: Ch'eng Ch'i , 程綮 Yuan dynasty", -"date": "second half of 13th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengShifa", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Cheng, Shifa", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c39s43f22 Alternate names: Ch'eng Shih-fa, 程十髮 Modern (b Songjiang County, Shanghai Municipality, 1921). Chinese painter and illustrator. By his own account Cheng was determined from an early age to become a painter. Although his father died when Cheng was nine, support from relatives enabled him to enter the Huadong (now Shanghai) Academy of Fine Art in 1939, where he was trained in the traditional disciplines of landscape and bird-and-flower painting. He also took an interest in the work of modern Chinese masters. Following graduation he worked briefly in a bank before joining the Shanghai Art Publishing Agency in 1952 as an illustrator. His assignments included New Year paintings and drawings for editions of short stories. Among his first successes was a series of plates for a contemporary edition of the 18th-century satirical classic, Rulin waishi (‘The scholars’) by Wu Jingzi, which in 1959 won a medal at the Leipzig International Book Exhibition (Eng. trans., Yang Hsien-yi and G. Yang, The Scholars, Beijing, 1957). However, his most impressive early achievement was a set of illustrations for another classic, Lu Xun’s Ah Q zheng zhuan (‘The true story of Ah Q’), published in Shanghai in 1963. While Cheng’s early work was influenced by traditional Chinese figure painting, his later study of woodcuts of the Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1911) periods, of lithographs and of Western art enlarged his repertory and sharpened his technique. After gaining a teaching post at the new Painting Academy at Shanghai in 1956, he travelled in 1957 to the Dehong Dai and Jingpo People’s Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, together with other artists. The trip influenced both his style and his choice of subject-matter. Thereafter he began to paint vivid scenes of China’s national minority peoples, applying line and ink wash with a Chinese brush on the colour-fast and durable Xuan paper (see China, §XIII, 20). His paintings of children and young women, often accompanied by animals such as deer, goats and camels, were the most popular (for example, Girls with Lambs, 1964; Berkeley, U. CA, A. Mus.). The positive themes of these works, in which animals and humans participated in a world of unsullied innocence and charm, were reinforced by bright colours, bold compositions and crisp lines. However, the artist’s imaginative twists and turns sometimes countered the innocuous themes. In Spring (1979; priv. col.), which depicts deer and gaily costumed women with flowers, the figures were painted on a blank background and the legs of the deer rendered with loose, ‘calligraphic’ strokes that are only marginally more representational than the characters of the inscription above. Cheng rarely applied additional layers of colour, the better to preserve the brightness of the hue. A fine example of Cheng’s figure painting from the 1980s is Ji Kang (1980; hanging scroll, ink and colour on paper; priv. col., see 1983–5 exh. cat., pl. 7), a portrait of one of the 3rd-century Sages of the Bamboo Grove. The sage is shown playing the lute while awaiting execution after having been condemned to death by imperial order. Few Chinese figure paintings of this date match the painting’s strength of composition and elegance of line. Cheng is associated by modern Chinese critics with an older generation of painters that included Li Keran and Lu Yangshao (b 1909). He is credited with giving new vitality to the Shanghai school through his understanding and absorption of the figure styles of artists such as Ren Yi and Chen Hongshou. A touring exhibition of contemporary Chinese painting that visited eight American museums and galleries between 1983 and 1985 (see 1983–5 exh. cat.) confirmed Cheng Shifa’s status as an exceptional figure painter and also as a fine painter of landscapes and historical subjects.--DOA", -"date": "b. 1921", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HalsbachJörgvon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Halsbach, Jörg von", + "comment": "Nussbaum, Norbert; German Gothic Chuch Architecture, English edition, New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengSui", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Cheng, Sui", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c39s59 Alternate names: Ch'eng Sui, 程邃 Ming dynasty Cheng came from a prosperous Shexian family and painted chiefly for his own pleasure, beginning late in life; genuine works by him are relatively scarce. His undated "Landscape" is an especially fine example; like a work of calligraphy or a seal, it arranges small, formally similar units into a flat design. The jiaomo technique, the tendency to geometricize the land masses, and the mountain landscapes with waterfalls and pine trees are school characteristics. Cheng remarked in his inscription that the ‘high distance’ (gaoyuan) mode, in which the composition is read vertically, was not favoured by artists of his time and region, who mostly employed the ‘level distance’ ( pingyuan) mode of Ni Zan and other masters of the river landscape (see China, §V, 3(iv)). The refinement of taste that Cheng developed through study of the family collection and deciphering old inscriptions imbues his calligraphy and seal-carving, as well as his painting, with an antiquarian flavour much admired by Chinese connoisseurs. They regard him as a forerunner of the Epigraphers’ school (Jinshi jia) of practitioners of these three interlocked arts, a school that flourished in the late 18th century and the 19th.--DOA ", -"date": "active ca. 1605-1691", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengXiaoyu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Cheng, Xiaoyu", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", -"date": "active 1980s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HalsmanPhillipe", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Halsman, Phillipe", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengYi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Cheng, Yi", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese painter of the Ming dynasty", -"date": "active early to mid 17th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengZhang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Cheng, Zhang", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hamelet", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hamelet", + "comment": "Illustration, no. 4307. ", + "date": "first half 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChengZhidao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Cheng, Zhidao", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). Alternate names: Ch'eng Chih-tao, 程志道 Qing dynasty", -"date": "active ca. 18th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HamesePaul", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hamese, Paul", + "comment": "Loring, John; Louis Comfort Tiffany at Tiffany & Co., New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2002. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChermenevVitali", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chermenev, Vitali", -"comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. playwrite", -"date": "active 1974", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HamiltonWilliam", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hamilton, William", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1745-1813", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChesapeakePottery", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chesapeake Pottery", -"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. Baltimore", -"date": "1882-1914", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ḥammāmī", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ḥammāmī", + "comment": "Petrosyan, Yuri A., Oleg F. Akimushkin, Anas B. Khalidov, and Efim A. Rezvan; Pages of Perfection: Islamic Paintings and Calligraphy from the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Lugano; Milan: ARCH Foundation; Electa, 1995. alternate name: Muhammad ibn Qavam al-Shirazi", + "date": "active mid 16th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CheuretAlbert", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Cheuret, Albert", -"comment": "Bouillon, Jean-Paul; Art Deco 1903-1940, Geneva: Editions d'Art Albert Skira S.A., 1989. ", -"date": "first half 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HammondBeebyandBabka", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hammond, Beeby and Babka", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "ca. 1990", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChevalierGeorges", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chevalier, Georges", -"comment": "Brunhammer, Yvonne and Suzanne Tise; Decorative Arts in France, 1900-1942, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1990. French interior designer", -"date": "1920s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HammondThomasJr", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hammond, Thomas, Jr.", + "comment": "Rieman, Timothy D. and Jean M. Burks; Complete Book of Shaker Furniture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , Publishers, 1993. Shaker furniture maker", + "date": "1791-1880", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChevalierMiguel", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chevalier, Miguel", -"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HanDengan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Han, Deng'an", + "comment": "Yang Xiaoneng; Tracing the Past, Drawing the Future: Master Ink Painters in Twentieth-Century China, Milan: Continents Editions, 2010. Chinese painter, calligrapher and celebrated seal carver; alternate name: Zhongzheng, also known as Yinnong; native of the Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou in Zhejiang province; known for his elegant seal and clerical scripts, particularly the 'jade sinew' seal script and his 'tiny bead character' seals were widely admired.", + "date": "1905-1976", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChiarenzaCarl", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chiarenza, Carl", -"comment": "http://www.carlchiarenza.com/cc/Bio.html. photographer", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HanHuang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Han, Huang", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h24h39 Alternate names: Han Huang, 韓滉 Tang dynasty Painted figures and buffalos.--Seymour", + "date": "723-787", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Chierry", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chierry", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HanLikun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Han, Likun", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Suzhou; alternate name: 韩黎坤", + "date": "born 1938", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Chikakazu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chikakazu", -"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HanMin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Han, Min", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Chikakuni", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chikakuni", -"comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Osaka printmaker of ukiyo-e, student of Yoshikuni.", -"date": "active ca. 1825", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HanShangyi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Han, Shangyi", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Shangyu, Zhejiang Province; specializes in film art and comics; alternate name: 韩尚义", + "date": "born 1917", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChikushinJochi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chikushin, Jochi", -"comment": "Ono, Masaaki and Katsuhiko Mizuno; Hidden Gardens of Kyoto, English language edition, Tokyo: Kodansha International, 2004. Japanese fifth-generation head of the Yabunouchi tea school and garden designer", -"date": "1678-1745", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HanawaGingo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hanawa, Gingo", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1894-1957", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChildandChild", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Child and Child", -"comment": "Wildman, Stephen and John Christian; Edward Burne-Jones: Victorian Artist-Dreamer, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, distributed by Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1998. ", -"date": "1881-1915", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HanbaliYusufibn`AbdalHadi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hanbali, Yusuf ibn `Abd al-Hadi", + "comment": "Atil, Esin, ed.; Islamic Art and Patronage: Treasures from Kuwait, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1990. ", + "date": "d. 1503", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChildHarold", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Child, Harold", -"comment": "Wildman, Stephen and John Christian; Edward Burne-Jones: Victorian Artist-Dreamer, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, distributed by Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1998. ", -"date": "1848-1915", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HanbeiShokosai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hanbei, Shokosai", + "comment": "Kobayashi, Tadashi, Taishu Komatsu and Shugu Asano; Ukiyoe, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChildWalter", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Child, Walter", -"comment": "Wildman, Stephen and John Christian; Edward Burne-Jones: Victorian Artist-Dreamer, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, distributed by Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1998. ", -"date": "1840-1930", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChildersFreddie", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Childers, Freddie", -"comment": "Ewald, Wendy; Portraits and Dreams: Photographs and stories by children of the Appalachians, London: Writers and Readers Publishing Cooperative Society Ltd., 1985. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HanburyDaniel", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hanbury, Daniel", + "comment": "Desmond, Ray; Dictionary of British and Irish Botanist and Horticulturalists Including Plant Collectors, Flower Painters and Garden Designers, London: CRC Press, 1994. ", + "date": "1825-1875", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChildsandInmanLithography", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Childs & Inman Lithography", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Partnership between Henry Inman and Cephas G. Childs", -"date": "1831-1832", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HandMollyWilliams", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hand, Molly Williams", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Chim", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chim", -"comment": "Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. New York : Abbeville Press, 1997. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HanegawaChincho", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hanegawa, Chincho", + "comment": "Smith, Lawrence; Ukiyoe: Images of Unknown Japan, London: British Museum Publications, Ltd., 1988. ", + "date": "fl. ca. 1679-1759", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChinaNationalArtGallery", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "China National Art Gallery", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese museum of the arts (Meishuguan) located in the Dongcheng district.", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HanegawaToei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hanegawa, Toei", + "comment": "Singer, Robert T. et al.; Edo: Art in Japan 1615-1868, Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1998. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChinesePLAChengduDistrict", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chinese PLA Chengdu District", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChinhHoang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chinh, Hoang", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HangGaoshe", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hang, Gaoshe", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Hang Kao-she", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Chitarman", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chitarman", -"comment": "Metropolitan Museum of Art; Islamic World, Tokyo: Dai Nippon Printing Co., 1987. ", -"date": "active 1627", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HangMingshi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hang, Mingshi", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChitrakarManu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chitrakar, Manu", -"comment": "Sambrani, Chaitanya; Edge of Desire: Recent Art in India, London: Philip Wilson Publishers, 2006. brother of Swarna Chitrakar", -"date": "late 20th, early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HangardMaugéEIEtienneIsidore", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hangard-Maugé, E. I. (Etienne Isidore)", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "active mid 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChitrakarSwarna", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chitrakar, Swarna", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "born 1974", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hanns", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hanns", + "comment": "Eero Saarinen [henshusha Nakamura Toshio; henshu reiauto Oishi Masato], Tokyo: GE ando Yu, 1984. AAA Architecture student", + "date": "active 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChoSeoung", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Cho, Seoung", -"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HanselAN", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hansel, A.N.", + "comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChoeSukchang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ch'oe, Sukch'ang", -"comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Korean painter active in late 15th century.", -"date": "active late 15th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChoiBuk", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Choi, Buk", -"comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Choi Buk, was a painter of the late Joseon period. Anything related to his social status and birth place and date are not known. Choi Buk was acquainted with Danwon, Kim Deuksin, Yi Inmun, but his works are dissimilar to theirs. The representative works painted by Choi Buk are Geumgangsan pyohunsado (금강산 표훈사도), Joeosansu (조어산수), Cho-ok sansudo (초옥산수도).", -"date": "late Chosen period", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HansenM", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hansen, M.", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChomtonLouis", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chomton, Louis", -"comment": "Gajewski, Alexandra and Zoë Opačić; Year 1300 and the Creation of a New European Architecture, Belgium: Brepols , 2007. ", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HansteenAlbertWaldemar", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hansteen, Albert Waldemar", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1857-1921", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChonKi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chon, Ki", -"comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Korean literati painter. He came from a professional middle-class (chungin) family and studied painting and calligraphy with KIM CHONG-HUI. Chon was an artist of much promise with a great understanding of literati painting, and it is likely that he would have become one of the greatest painters of the Ch’usa (i.e. Kim Chong-hui) school, but he died aged 29. Among his representative works are Thick Bushes on Kye Mountain (Seoul, N. Mus.) and Straw-thatched Hut with Plum Blossoms (colour on paper, 294*333 mm, Seoul, N. Mus.; see Hwi-joon Ahn, p. 143). ", -"date": "1825-1854", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HanzolvaJitka", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hanzolva, Jitka", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Czech (b. 1958) Kicken Gallery, Berlin", + "date": "born 1958", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChoubracAlfred", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Choubrac, Alfred", -"comment": "Rennert, Jack; Posters of the Belle Epoque: the Wine Spectator Collection, New York: Wine Spectator Press, 1990. Alfred Choubrac (1853-1902) was one of the handful of posterists who gained prominence before the Golden Nineties. Educated in classic art at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in his native Paris, he started out as a painter of military scenes in collaboration with his brother, Leon. To make a living, he did caricatures and illustrations for "Gil Blas," "L'Echo de Paris," "Le Courrier Français" and some other paper; later, he became a scene designer for theaters at which he was very successful. In the early 1889s, Chroubac joined the fledgling group of poster designers: in 1884, when Maindron published the first article on the subject, he listed only nine active posterists known to him, and in the first poster exhibition, held that same year in the Passage Vivienne in Paris, only three of them were represented: Jules Chéret and the two Choubrac brothers. ", -"date": "1853-1902", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaoBoyi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hao, Boyi", + "comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Mouping county, Shandong province", + "date": "born 1938", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChristernJürgen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Christern, Jürgen", -"comment": "WorldCat. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaraYoyusai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hara, Yoyusai", + "comment": "Name derived from a webstie. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChristianColin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Christian, Colin", -"comment": "Gastman, Roger, Zio Fulcher and Jamie Rivadeneira; Hello Kitty, Hello Art!, New York: Abrams, 2012. Active 1992- present", -"date": "Born 1964", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChromographicEnamelCompanyLtd", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chromographic Enamel Company, Ltd.", -"comment": "Leboff, David and Tim Demuth; No Need to Ask! Early Maps of London's Underground Railways, Middlesex: Capital Transport Publishing, 1999. Manufacturer of enamelled steel panel display signs, in particular, maps of the London railway system mounted in the the stations; popularly called 'Chromo of Wolverhampton'", -"date": "est. 1885", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaramboureM", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Haramboure, M.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Chrysalis", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chrysalis", -"comment": "Broude, Norma and Mary D. Garrar, eds.; Power of Feminist Art: the American Movement of the 1970s, History and Impact, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994. ", -"date": "1977-1980", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChuChiahua", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chu, Chiahua", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist from Taipei, studied in Taiwan and Paris", -"date": "born 1960", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HardieFred", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hardie, Fred", + "comment": "Bernard, Bruce; Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography, 1840-1940, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. ", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChuSuiliang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chu, Suiliang", -"comment": "Lin, Boshou; Lan qian shan guan: an album of the Chinese paintings & calligraphies, Tokyo: Nigensha Publishing Co., 1978. Chinese calligrapher; chancellor of the Tang Dynasty during the Taizong and Gaozong reign periods; died in exile.", -"date": "597-658 CE", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HardyAnne", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hardy, Anne", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 1970 Born in United Kingdom. Lives and works in London. Anne Hardy’s photographs picture depopulated rooms that suggest surreal fictions. Working in her studio, Hardy builds each of her sets entirely from scratch; a labour intensive process of constructing an empty room, then developing its interior down to the most minute detail. Using the transient nature of photography, Hardy’s images withhold the actual experience of her environments, allowing our relationship with them to be in our imagination. Her photos evoke a sense of mystery, suggesting connections to other places we imagine might exist.", + "date": "born 1970", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChuanShinko", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chuan, Shinko", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "fl. ca. 1444-1457", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HardyDrA", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hardy, Dr. A.", + "comment": "Bernard, Bruce; Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography, 1840-1940, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. Photographer of pathology", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChubbandCo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chubb & Co.", -"comment": "Victoria & Albert Museum catalog. ", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HarlandandFisher", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Harland and Fisher", + "comment": "Baker, Malcolm and Brenda Richardson; Grand Design: the Art of the Victoria and Albert Museum, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1997. ", + "date": "active 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChurchThomas", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Church, Thomas", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American landscape architect who led the Modernist movement in California and designed and built more than 2000 gardens in his 50-year career", -"date": "active ca. 1925-1977", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HarlinesCharlburyOxford", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Harlines, Charlbury, Oxford", + "comment": "Ebrey, Patricia Buckley; Cambridge Illustrated History of China, First paperback edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChushkinAY", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chushkin, A. Y.", -"comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", -"date": "1882-1933", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChwalaAugust", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Chwala, August", -"comment": "Schweiger, Werner J.; Wiener Werkstatte: Design in Vienna 1903-1932, New York: Abbeville Press, 1984. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HarmonKnitwear", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Harmon Knitwear", + "comment": "Lobenthal, Joel; Radical Rags: Fashions of the Sixties, New York: Abbeville Press Publishers, 1990. Brooklyn manufacturer", + "date": "active ca. 1930-ca. 1980", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CiavolinoMichael", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ciavolino, Michael", -"comment": "Szarkowski, John; Mirrors and Windows: American Photography since 1960, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1978. ", -"date": "active 1960s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HarmonLeon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Harmon, Leon", + "comment": "Goodman, Cynthia; Digital Visions: Computers and Art, New York; Syracuse: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers; Everson Museum of Art, 1987. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CineEye", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Cine-Eye", -"comment": "Great Utopia: the Russian and Soviet avant-garde, 1915-32 , New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1992. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HarrachovGlassworks", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Harrachov Glassworks", + "comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CixiEmpressDowager", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Cixi, Empress Dowager", -"comment": "Weidner, Marsha, Ellen Johnston Laing, Irving Yucheng Lo, Christina Chu, and James Robinson; Views from Jade Terrace: Chinese Women Artists 1300-1912, Indianapolis: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 1988 (0847810038). Alternate names: Ci Xi, Yehe Nala Qing dynasty Daughter of a minor official, entered the palace as a concubine. Gave birth to a son and was raised to second concubine. After the Emperor Wenzong died, her son became heir. She and Wenzong's senior wife became regents. Cixi eventually took complete power after the deaths of her son and co-regent. Overspent treasury and was out of touch with political situation, after Boxer Rebellion attempted reforms, but died in 1908 unable to salvage the Imperial dynasty. Enjoyed calligraphy and painting--her large scale calligraphy was often given as gifts, as were her paintings. Of the latter, many were actually created by court artists and given in her name. --Weidner ", -"date": "1835-1908", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HarrisPaul", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Harris, Paul", + "comment": "Kelly, Rosanna; Russia, London: Flint River, 1994. photographer", + "date": "active 1996", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ClarkFrankChamberlain", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Clark, Frank Chamberlain", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -"date": "1872-1957", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HarrisonDavid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Harrison, David", + "comment": "Mazrui, Ali A.; Africans: A Triple Heritage, First Paperback edition, Boston; Toronto: Little, Brown and Company, 1986. photographer for the BBC", + "date": "active 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ClarkJoeL", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Clark, Joe L.", -"comment": "Gilbert, Rita and William McCarter; Living With Art, 2nd edition, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1988. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HarryWeeseAssociates", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Harry Weese Associates", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "begun 1947", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ClarkeJohn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Clarke, John", -"comment": "Girouard, Mark; Elizabethan Architecture: Its Rise and Fall, 1540-1640, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. ", -"date": "active early 17th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HartPhilip", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hart, Philip", + "comment": "Lowry, Bates; Building a National Image: Architectural Drawings for the American Democracy, 1789-1912, New York: National Building Museum, 1985. 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", + "date": "ca. 1375- ca.1470", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CopenhagenPorcelainFactory", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Copenhagen Porcelain Factory", -"comment": "Wichmann, Siegfried; Jugendstil Art Nouveau: Floral and Functional Forms, First United States edition, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1984. 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", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HidasiLajos", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hidasi, Lajos", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DaimlerMotorenGesellschaft", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft", -"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HidekuniToyokawa", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hidekuni, Toyokawa", + "comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Japanese Ukiyo-e artist in the Osaka area", + "date": "active ca. 1827", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DainagonTsunenobu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dainagon Tsunenobu", -"comment": "Singer, Robert T. and John T Carpenter; Edo, art in Japan 1615-1868, Washington: National Galler of Art, 1998. 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Ukiyo-e printmaker from Osaka; pupil of Ashikuni; member of the Jukodo circle", + "date": "active 1818-1830", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DaleBruce", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dale, Bruce", -"comment": "World of the American Indian, Revised edition, Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 1989. photographer", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HilaireandPasti", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hilaire and Pasti", + "comment": "Baker, Malcolm and Brenda Richardson; Grand Design: the Art of the Victoria and Albert Museum, New York: Harry N. 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Alt. spellings: Hinchcliff; Hinchcliffe. This son of the sculptor, John Ely H., engraved landscape, architectural and portrait subjects after his apprenticeship to the engraver John Landseer. ", + "date": "1805-1875", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DAnnunzioGabriel", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "DAnnunzio, Gabriel", -"comment": "Chatfield, Judith; Classic Italian Garden, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1991. 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Meek; Gardens of Louisiana: Places of Work and Wonder, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997. ", + "date": "active ca. 1945-1955", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DazCristbal", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Daz, Cristbal", -"comment": "Galmiche, Xavier; Havana Districts of Light, Paris: Vilo, 2001. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HodgesJohn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hodges, John", + "comment": "Goodison, Nicholas; Matthew Boulton: Ormolu, revised edition, London: Christie's, 2002. furniture maker", + "date": "active end of the 18th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DcorchemontFrançoisEmile", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dcorchemont, François-Emile", -"comment": "Brunhammer, Yvonne and Suzanne Tise; Decorative Arts in France, 1900-1942, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1990. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HodgettsVickie", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hodgetts, Vickie", + "comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", + "date": "active ca. 1972", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/deDienesAndre", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "de Dienes, Andre", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1913-1985", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HodgsonIsaac", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hodgson, Isaac", + "comment": "VRC mounted photo coll, Oregon Obliviate. ", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/deFrey", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "de Frey", -"comment": "Ginsburg, Madeleine; Introduction to Fashion Illustration, American edition, Owings Mills, MD: Stemmer House Publishers, 1982. Printmaker", -"date": "active mid 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoeckeDesselVan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hoecke-Dessel, Van", + "comment": "Loze, Pierre and François Loze; Belgium Art Nouveau: from Victor Horta to Antoine Pompe, Ghent: Eiffel Editions, 1991. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DeKayHelena", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "De Kay, Helena", -"comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. ", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoffJohn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hoff, John", + "comment": "Zimmerman, Philip; Harmony in Wood, Ambridge, PA: Friends of Old Economy Village, 2010. American clockmaker from Lancaster, PA., son of clockmaker George Hoff", + "date": "active end of 18th century-1819", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DeMenilA", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "De Menil, A.", -"comment": "MacDonald, George F.; Haida Monumental Art: Villages of the Queen Charlotte Islands, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1983. photographer", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoffmanLeeHawley", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hoffman, Lee Hawley", + "comment": "Pacific Coast Architecture Database. ", + "date": "active 1922-present", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/deMontmejaDrA", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "de Montmeja, Dr. A", -"comment": "Bernard, Bruce; Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography, 1840-1940, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. Specialized in medical photography", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HofmanJ", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hofman, J.", + "comment": "Loze, Pierre and François Loze; Belgium Art Nouveau: from Victor Horta to Antoine Pompe, Ghent: Eiffel Editions, 1991. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DePasJonathan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "De Pas, Jonathan", -"comment": "Fiell, Charlotte and Peter Fiell; Modern Chairs, Cologne: Taschen, 1993. ", -"date": "1932-1991", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HogenEni", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hogen, En'i", + "comment": "Nakano, Masaki; Engie to nisee : Kamakura no kaiga kōgei, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993 (4061964097). ", + "date": "1299", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/deQuelker", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "de Quelker", -"comment": "Loze, Pierre and François Loze; Belgium Art Nouveau: from Victor Horta to Antoine Pompe, Ghent: Eiffel Editions, 1991. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoggPam", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hogg, Pam", + "comment": "Polhemus, Ted. Streetstyle: From Sidewalk to Catwalk. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1994. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DeValckGaspar", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "De Valck, Gaspar", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active late 19th-early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/deWoutersdeBouchoutChevalier", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "de Wouters de Bouchout, Chevalier", -"comment": "Blakesley, Rosalind; Arts and Crafts Movement, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2006. ", -"date": "late 19th-early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HohenbüchlerChristine", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hohenbüchler, Christine", + "comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", + "date": "born 1964", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DearbornHenryAlexanderScammell", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dearborn, Henry Alexander Scammell", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American lawyer, author, statesman and soldier, also first president of the Massachusetts Horticulture Society.", -"date": "1783-1851", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HohenbüchlerIrene", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hohenbüchler, Irene", + "comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", + "date": "born 1964", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DebernyandPeignot", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Deberny & Peignot", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. French type foundry created by the 1923 merver of Peignot foundry and the Laurent & Deberny foundry; purchased by Haas'sche Schriftgiesserei of Switzerland in 1972.", -"date": "1923-1972", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HOK", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "HOK", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. the largest U.S.-based architecture- engineering firm; formerly Hellmuth, Obata + Kassabaum", + "date": "est. 1955", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DebschitzKunowskiWandavon", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Debschitz-Kunowski, Wanda von", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. German portrait photographer", -"date": "1870-1935", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HokadoHatsukuni", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hokado, Hatsukuni", + "comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Japanese printmaker", + "date": "active ca. 1825", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DedhamPottery", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dedham Pottery", -"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. established in Dedham by Hugh Robertson after the failure of the Chelsea Keramic Art Works.", -"date": "1896-1943", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hokkei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hokkei", + "comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. Hokkei was famous for the quality of his tsuishu carvings of netsuke, netsuke masks, pipe cases, and even some inro.", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DeeringJames", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Deering, James", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Agricultural industrialist", -"date": "early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DefantiThomas", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Defanti, Thomas", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HokkyoKorin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hokkyo, Korin", + "comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DeFazioDomenicF", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "DeFazio, Domenic F.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Oregon photographer", -"date": "1942-2009", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DegenvieveBarbara", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Degenvieve, Barbara", -"comment": "DeGenevieve, Barbara; 'Sex as Subject', Exposure Magazine, vol. 20, no. 4. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HokuchoShunshosai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hokucho, Shunshosai", + "comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker, pupil of Hokushu, worked in Osaka. Alternate name: Shunsho.", + "date": "active 1822-1830", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DehlawiAmirKhusrow", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dehlawi, Amir Khusrow", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. alternate name: Ab'ul Hasan Yamin al-Din Khusrow A Sufi mystic and spiritual disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya of Delhi, he was a poet, musician and scholar", -"date": "1253-1325", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hokuei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hokuei", + "comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker in Osaka, pupil of Shunko Hokushu. Alternate names: Hokuei, Sekka, Sekkaro, Shumbaisai, Shumbaitei, Shunko, Shunkosai, Shun'yosai. Possible to confuse this artist with Tokoen Hokuei who used the same kanji for his go name.", + "date": "active 1829-1837", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DékániÁrpád", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dékáni, Árpád", -"comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HokumyoShunkosai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hokumyo, Shunkosai", + "comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker", + "date": "active ca. 1830", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DelMarleFlix", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Del Marle, Flix", -"comment": "Brunhammer, Yvonne and Suzanne Tise; Decorative Arts in France, 1900-1942, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1990. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HokuseiTohonan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hokusei, Tohonan", + "comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker", + "date": "active ca. 1832", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/delMoroMarcoAngelo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "del Moro, Marco Angelo", -"comment": "Jaffé, Michael; Devonshire Collection of Italian Drawings: Venetian and North Italian Schools, London: Phaidon Press, 1994. Italian painter and draughtsman, also called Marco Veronese", -"date": "ca. 1537-after 1586", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HolabirdandRootLLC", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Holabird & Root LLC", + "comment": "Emporis; http://www.emporis.com. The successor firm to Holabird & Roche, founded in 1880 and one of the earliest builders of skyscrapers", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DelboPaul", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Delbo, Paul", -"comment": "Bois, Yve-Alain, et al.; Piet Mondrian, 1872-1944, Boston: Bullfinch Press, 1994. ", -"date": "active ca. 1925", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DelgadoRobert", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Delgado, Robert", -"comment": "Doubilet, Susan; 'Traditional Office is Transformed', Progressive Architecture, vol. 66, no. 5. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HolcombMike", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Holcomb, Mike", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Assistant Dean for Technology in the Arts at the University of Arizona and Director of Treistman Center for New Media in the College of Fine Arts (2011)", + "date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DellaRobbiaPottery", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Della Robbia Pottery", -"comment": "Wildman, Stephen and John Christian; Edward Burne-Jones: Victorian Artist-Dreamer, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, distributed by Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1998. ", -"date": "1893-1906", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoldenJackandPat", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Holden, Jack and Pat", + "comment": "Turner, Suzanne and A.J. Meek; Gardens of Louisiana: Places of Work and Wonder, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997. Landscapers and restorers of Maison Chenal who are also historians of early Louisiana material culture", + "date": "active after 1975", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DellaTorreGiulio", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Della Torre, Giulio", -"comment": "Attlee, Helena; Italian Gardens: A Cultural History, London: Frances Lincoln Limited, 2006. ", -"date": "1480-1563", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HolidayCatherineRaven", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Holiday, Catherine Raven", + "comment": "Parry, Linda; William Morris, London, New York: Philip Wilson Publishers Ltd., Harry N. Abrams, Inc. Publishers, 1996. Freelance embroiderer for William Morris; married to Henry Holiday of the pre-Raphaelite artists; alt. name: Kate", + "date": "active ca. 1875", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DelorLouisRaymond", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Delor, Louis Raymond", -"comment": "Worldcat. ", -"date": "1802-1867", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HollandH", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Holland, H.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DeluneLon", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Delune, Lon", -"comment": "Loze, Pierre and Franois Loze; Belgium Art Nouveau: from Victor Horta to Antoine Pompe, Ghent: Eiffel Editions, 1991. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DementLinda", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dement, Linda", -"comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", -"date": "born 1959", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HollerbaumandSchmidt", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hollerbaum & Schmidt", + "comment": "Deutsches Historisches Museum; Kunst! Kommerz! Visionen!: Deutsche Plakate, 1888-1933, Heidelberg: Edition Braus, 1992. Berlin", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DemetriosdelosRíosD", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Demetrios de los Ríos, D.", -"comment": "Rascón, Máximo Gómez; Catedral de Leon: Cristal y Fe, Leon: Edilesa, 1998. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HolmbergWilliam", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Holmberg, William", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + "date": "active 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DemingandBulkley", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Deming & Bulkley", -"comment": "Kenny, Peter M., Michael K. Brown, Frances F. Bretter and Matthew A. Thurlow; Duncan Phyfe, Master Cabinetmaker in New York, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2011. ", -"date": "active 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HolmesandHaines", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Holmes and Haines", + "comment": "Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute; Masterpieces of American furniture from the Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, NY: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1999. Edward Holmes (born 1780-1790) and Simeon Haines (born 1800)", + "date": "1825-1829", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DemingClarence", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Deming, Clarence", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Conservatory director for the W.W. Seymour Botanical Conservatory, 1949-1971", -"date": "active 1949-1971", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HolmesK", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Holmes, K.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DenckerAndrea", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dencker, Andrea", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -"date": "born 1949", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DengQichang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Deng, Qichang", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HolmgrenRobert", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Holmgren, Robert", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. photographer", + "date": "active late 20th cenutry", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DengShiru", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Deng, Shiru", -"comment": "Rawski, Evelyn S. and Jessica Rawson; China: The Three Emperors, 1662-1795, London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2005. ", -"date": "1743-1805", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoltHelenJean", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Holt, Helen Jean", + "comment": "UO AAA Library Architectural Drawing Collection. UO architecture student 1920s-30s", + "date": "active 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DengYu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Deng, Yu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). SEE: Deng Zifang d29y35 Alternate names: Teng Yü, 鄧宇 Yuan dynasty (b. ca. 1300-1378)", -"date": "born ca. 1300-1378", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HongLei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hong, Lei", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, photographer and installation artist, born in Changzhou, Jiangsu province, studied painting at the Nanjing Art College (graduated 1987), studied printmaking at the Central Academy of Fine Arts in Beijing.", + "date": "b. 1960", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DennisNathan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dennis, Nathan", -"comment": "Bagnoli, Martina, Holger A. Klein, C. Griffith Mann, and James Robinson; Treasures of Heaven: Saints, Relics, and Devotion in Medieval Europe, Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2010. ", -"date": "active ca. 2010", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HongSesop", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hong, Se-sop", + "comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Korean painter of the Chosen period (1392-1910). He was born into a family of scholars and passed the examination to become an official in the central government, taking up a post in the Royal Chancellery. It appears that he did not start painting until relatively late in his life, as there are only a few extant examples of his work.", + "date": "1832-1884", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DentJMandSonsltdLondon", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dent (J. M.) and Sons, ltd., London", -"comment": "Calloway, Stephen; Aubrey Beardsley, American edition, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Publishers, 1998. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoodandHowells", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hood and Howells", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + "date": "after 1913", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DentonCorkerMarshallDCM", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Denton Corker Marshall (DCM)", -"comment": "Bradbury, Dominic; Iconic House: Architectural Masterworks since 1900, London: Thames & Hudson, 2009. Australian contemporary architecture practice founded by John Denton, Bill Corker and Barrie Marshall.", -"date": "founded 1972", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoodMary", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hood, Mary", + "comment": "Myers, J. Wilson, Eleanor Emlen Myers and Gerald Cadogan; Aerial Atlas of Ancient Crete, Berkeley; Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1992. ", + "date": "active 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DepaceJoseph", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Depace, Joseph", -"comment": "Heartney, Eleanor; Art & Today, New York: Phaidon Press, Inc., 2008. ", -"date": "b. 1954", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoodRaymondMathewson", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hood, Raymond Mathewson", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1881-1934", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DepresleFrançois", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Depresle, François", -"comment": "Sustainable French Timber Houses: L'Affaire de Wood, Victoria, Australia: Images Publishing Group Pty Ltd, 2006. French contemporary architect", -"date": "active ca. 2000-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HooperWH", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hooper, W. H.", + "comment": "Blakesley, Rosalind; Arts and Crafts Movement, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2006. printmaker", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DerBlutigerErnst", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Der Blutiger Ernst", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoosemansFrans", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hoosemans, Frans", + "comment": "Sembach, Klaus-Jurgen; Art Nouveau: Utopia: Reconciling the Unreconcilable, Koln: Taschen, 1996. ", + "date": "active late 19th-early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DerSturm", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Der Sturm", -"comment": "Solomon S. Guggenheim Foundation; Oskar Kokoschka, Works on Paper: The Early Years 1897-1917, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1994. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoppittCliff", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hoppitt, Cliff", + "comment": "Carver, Martin; Sutton Hoo: A Seventh-Century Princely Burial Ground and Its Context, London: British Museum Press, 2005. photographer", + "date": "active2000s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DerWeltpseumatik", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Der Weltpseumatik", -"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Horiichi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Horiichi", + "comment": "Fellman, Sandi; Japanese Tattoo, New York; London: Abbeville Press Publishers, 1986. Japanese tattoo artist", + "date": "late 20th-early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DervisMehmed", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dervis Mehmed", -"comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Horijin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Horijin", + "comment": "Fellman, Sandi; Japanese Tattoo, New York; London: Abbeville Press Publishers, 1986. Japanese tattoo artist", + "date": "late 20th-early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DeschampsB", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Deschamps, B.", -"comment": "Name provied by Art on File. 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Japanese horishi tattoo artist specializing in traditional, full-body tattoos called Irezumi or Horimono; birth name Yoshihito Nakano; apprentice to Horiyoshi II, son of Shodai Horiyoshi of Yokohama (aka Yoshitsugu Muramatsu)", + "date": "born 1946", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DeskeyVollmerInc", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Deskey-Vollmer, Inc", -"comment": "Hanks, David A. and Jennifer Toher; Donald Deskey: Decorative Designs and Interiors, New York: E.P. Dutton, 1989. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hosaku", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hosaku", + "comment": "Chibbett, David; History of Japanese Printing and Book Illustration, Tokyo: Kodansha International Ltd., 1977. Kyoto artist.", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DesrosiersCharles", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Desrosiers, Charles", -"comment": "Victoria and Albert Museum web site. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DestugueM", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Destugue, M.", -"comment": "Galmiche, Xavier; Havana Districts of Light, Paris: Vilo, 2001. ", -"date": "early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoshukuSochin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hoshuku, Sochin", + "comment": "Hickman, Money L.; Japan's Golden Age: Momoyama, Dalas: Dalas Museum of Art, 1996. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/dEuGeoffreyBishop", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "d'Eu, Geoffrey, Bishop", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Bishop of Amiens", -"date": "active 13th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DevlinCharles", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Devlin, Charles", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HosoeEikoh", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hosoe, Eikoh", + "comment": "Szarkowski, John and Shoji Yamagishi; New Japanese Photography, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1974. ", + "date": "born 1933", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DevoreRichard", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Devore, Richard", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American ceramic artist", -"date": "1933-2006", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HosokawaKatsumoto", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hosokawa, Katsumoto", + "comment": "Onishi, Hiroshi, Takemitsu Oba and Sondra Castile; Immortals and Sages: Paintings from Ryoanji Temple, Reprint, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1993. ", + "date": "1430-1473", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DewaldCM", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dewald, C.M.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. In The Hague, the deceased well-known photographer, Mr. C. M. 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", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DGImmobilienManagemantGmbH", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "DG Immobilien Managemant GmbH", -"comment": "GA Document, no. 66. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HosokiToshiichi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hosoki, Toshiichi", + "comment": "Kanada, Margaret Miller; Color Woodblock Printmaking: The Traditional Method of Ukiyo-e, Fourth Printing, Tokyo: Shufunotomo Co., Ltd., 1989 (4079753160). ", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DiGraziaEnzo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Di Grazia, Enzo", -"comment": "Hoag, John D.; Islamic Architecture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1977. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HouChunming", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hou, Chun-ming", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Chiayi, Taiwan, resides in Taipei; educated at the National Institute of the Arts, Taipei.", + "date": "born 1963", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DiJian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Di, Jian", -"comment": "China Publications Center; Modern Chinese Woodcuts, Beijing: Guozi Shudian, 1965. alternate name: Ti Chieh", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HouJie", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hou, Jie", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DiackJ", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Diack, J.", -"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HouYimin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hou, Yimin", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DIamondPaul", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "DIamond, Paul", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. photographer", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Dicomed", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dicomed", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoubionE", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Houbion, E.", + "comment": "Loze, Pierre and François Loze; Belgium Art Nouveau: from Victor Horta to Antoine Pompe, Ghent: Eiffel Editions, 1991. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DiderotDenis", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Diderot, Denis", -"comment": "Beer, Sir Gavin de; Jean-Jacques Rousseau and His World, New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1972. ", -"date": "18th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoughtonBarbara", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Houghton, Barbara", + "comment": "http://www.nku.edu/~houghton/bio.html. Northern Kentucky University.", + "date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DidotFrancoisAmbroise", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Didot, Francois-Ambroise", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. son of Francois Didot and printer to the clergy, invented a new printing-press, improved type-founding and was the first to print on vellum.", -"date": "1730-1804", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoweAlphonse", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Howe, Alphonse", + "comment": "Rutz, Miriam Easton; Public Gardens of Michigan, East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2002. American architect", + "date": "active ca. 1885", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DidotPierre", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Didot, Pierre", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. son of Francois-Ambroise Didot, his presses were established in the Louvre where he produced editions of Virgil, Racine, Horace and La Fontaine.", -"date": "1760-1853", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoweGeorge", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Howe, George", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Philadelphia architect", + "date": "1886-1955", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DiemCarl", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Diem, Carl", -"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HrazdilCaspar", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hrazdil, Caspar", + "comment": "Baker, Malcolm and Brenda Richardson; Grand Design: the Art of the Victoria and Albert Museum, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1997. ", + "date": "active 1890-ca. 1945", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DietTim", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Diet, Tim", -"comment": "Gastman, Roger, Zio Fulcher and Jamie Rivadeneira; Hello Kitty, Hello Art!, New York: Abrams, 2012. Active 1980s- present", -"date": "Late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HsinbyushinKingofBurma", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hsinbyushin, King of Burma", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. king of the Konbaung dynasty, second son of the dynasty founder Alaungpaya and considered the most militaristic king of the dynasty, through which he preserved Burma's independence over four Chinese invasions and a victory over Siam in 1767. ", + "date": "r. 1763-1776", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DiezJul", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Diez, Jul.", -"comment": "Herz, Rudolf and Brigitte Bruns; Hof-Atelier Elvira, 1887-1928: Ästheten, Emanzen, Aristokraten, Munich: Munchner Stadtmuseum, 1985. ", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuChuanzhi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hu, Chuanzhi", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Dalian, Liaoning Province; alternate name: 胡传治", + "date": "born 1932", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuGui", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hu, Gui", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h35g42 Alternate names: Hu Kuei (Hu Huai), 胡(王褱) Five dynasties Hu Huai was a great figure painter doing hunting scenes in the North. (http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9034447/Five-Dynasties + 43815.hook) ", + "date": "active ca. 923 - 935", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DigbyWilliam5thBaronDigby", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Digby, William, 5th Baron Digby", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1661-1752", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuMing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hu, Ming", + "comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Chongqing, Sichuan province", + "date": "born 1944", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DigitalEffects", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Digital Effects", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuYichuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hu, Yichuan", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). Political activist who matriculated from the Hangzhou West Lake National Arts Academy in 1929. He organized the influential Eighteen Arts Society and the Communist Youth League and by 1931 was closely involved with Li Xun and the woodcut movement. Moved to Shanghai where he engaged in labor activism.", + "date": "born 1910", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DiliXiatiShabiti", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dili Xiati, Shabiti", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Yining, Xinjiang Province, Uygur ethnic minority; member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 地里夏提", -"date": "born 1956", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuYouzhang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hu, Youzhang", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Yuncheng, Shanxi Province; member of the Chinese Artists' Association; alternate name: 胡有章", + "date": "born 1941", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DillJ", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dill, J.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuYuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hu, Yuan", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h35y37 Alternate names: Hu Yüan, 胡遠 Qing dynasty Collector and calligrapher; painted landscapes and plum blossoms.--Seymour", + "date": "1823 - 1886", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DillonKathy", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dillon, Kathy", -"comment": "American century : art & culture. New York : Whitney Museum of American Art in association with W.W. Norton, c1999. vol. 2.. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuYupu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hu, Yupu", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DinHasanal", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Din, Hasan-al", -"comment": "Goswamy, B. N. and Caron Smith; Domains of Wonder: Selected Masterworks of Indian Painting, San Diego: San Diego Museum of Art, 2005. painter of the Sikh School in Lahore", -"date": "mid 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuZhang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hu, Zhang", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. Chinese painter during the Qing dynasty, traveled and painted in Japan.", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DingGuanpeng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ding, Guanpeng", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). d36g38p29 Alternate names: Ting Kuan-p'eng, 丁觀鵬 ", -"date": "active ca. 1750-1760", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DingJiasheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ding, Jiasheng", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuZhifu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hu, Zhifu", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h35z44f32 Alternate names: Hu Chih-fu, 胡直夫 Song dynasty, unrecorded Painted figures and landscapes. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 13th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DingYunpeng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ding, Yunpeng", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). d36y39p29 Alternate names: Ting Yun-p'eng, 丁雲鵬 Qing dynasty", -"date": "active ca. 1583-1638", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuaGuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hua, Guan", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h36g38 Alternate names: Hua Kuan, 華冠 Qing dynasty Prominent portrait painter. Figures in pai-miao technique. Also, painted landscapes, trees, and flowers. --Seymour", + "date": "Qing dynasty", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DingYuntu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ding, Yuntu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). d36y39t38 Alternate names: Ting Yün-t'u, 丁雲圖 Ming dynasty", -"date": "Ming dynasty", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuaQimin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hua, Qimin", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Dioscorides", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dioscorides", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Alternate name: Pedanius Dioscorides Greek physician and author", -"date": "ca. 40-90 CE", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuaYan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hua, Yan", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h36y24 Alternate names: Hua Yen, 華喦 Qing dynasty (b Shanghang, Fujian Province, 1682; d Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 1762). Chinese painter. One of the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou (see Yangzhou school), Hua Yan painted figures, landscapes, birds, flowers and insects. A strong sense of humour is revealed in his depictions of animals: he painted subjects such as kittens in a heap, frogs fighting, a turtle on its back and sway-backed, pop-eyed horses. His independent spirit in this genre was widely acclaimed by critics. Qin Zuyong (1825–84) even praised his paintings as comparable to those of Yun Shouping, the great bird-and-flower painter. Autumn Scene (see fig.) is an example of his landscape painting. In the middle of the composition a scholar with a staff in his hand and his back to the viewer stands on a promontory that rises from the right corner, leading the eye towards him in a diagonal movement. Framed in a square by a tall rock to his left and a pair of spindly trees to his right, he gazes across an expanse of water at distant mountains, capped by a single peak. The brushwork is quick and sketchy, and the colours are pale: green underfoot, pink leaves, powder-blue mountains. Water is suggested only by the lines of currents in the foreground. There are only a few leaves on the trees and these are depicted almost as caricatures: as circles on one tree, brief horizontal lines on the other. The very dry, rough brushwork on the rocks and trees contrasts with the fine lines of the scholar and the grasses. A partially revealed cliff on the left is offset by two columns of calligraphy below it. Hua Yan’s models in calligraphy are cited as Zhong You (ad 151–230) and Yu Shinan (558–638), but it is clear that this is not the hand of a literary man, practised in the study of early models. The characters are broad, loosely spaced and rounded, and have a naivety and awkwardness that suit the style of his painting, itself terse and somewhat gauche. Conversation in Autumn (hanging scroll, 1732; Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.) is a far more energetic and complex painting. In the lower half of the work there are sharp, rain-drenched, near-naked trees on a foundation of pointed rocks. These craggy boulders are scribbled with energetic, lengthwise hatchmarks that lead the eye to the open window of a house, where two gentlemen can be seen within. The interior scene, framed with simple, straight, geometric lines, gives a sense of opening and expansion. The speckle of black, wet bamboo leaves and sodden, misty branches over the roof draw the eye upwards towards the narrow columns of calligraphy at the upper right, executed in a wild and agitated cursive script that echoes the effect of the trees in the foreground. --DOA ", + "date": "1682 - after 1755", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DipylonSculptor", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dipylon Sculptor", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active ca. 600 BCE", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangBinhong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huang, Binhong", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h39b36h33 Alternate names: Huang Pin-hung, 黃賓虹 Modern (b Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, 1864; d Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 1955). Chinese painter. He was the modern embodiment of the literati ideal. Huang and his contemporary Qi Baishi became known by the sobriquets Huang of the South and Qi of the North. Originally educated as a scholar–official, Huang failed the civil service examination several times. After briefly managing his ancestral estate in Shexian, Anhui Province (1901–7), he embarked on a long career of teaching, editing art books and periodicals, collecting (and occasionally dealing in) works of art, writing and painting. Huang’s works of scholarship included treatises (published 1940–42) on three artists of the late Ming (1368–1644) and early Qing (1644–1911) periods: Hongren, Kuncan and Cheng Sui (c. 1605–91); these laid the foundations for later fruitful study. His book Huang shan huayuan lüe (‘An account of the Mt Huang school of painting’) is an indispensable guide to the Anhui school of painting. Meishu congshu (‘Encyclopedia of Chinese fine art’; 20 vols), a compendium of art books first published in 1911, which Huang co-edited with Deng Shi (d c. 1948), is still used by scholars. Stylistically, the paintings of Huang Binhong can be divided into four periods. In the first, up to the age of 50, the artist devoted himself to learning from both ancient and contemporary masters. In the second period, between the ages of 50 and 70, Huang travelled widely, increasing his knowledge of real landscapes. In the third, from the ages of 70 to 85, he began to establish a distinctly personal style. When he was 80 he held his first and only one-man show in Shanghai. He continued to paint until shortly before his death; during this last period his style underwent a virtual metamorphosis. Huang took a humanistic view of a painter’s role. Echoing Dong Qichang, he wrote that it is a fundamental requirement of art that the technique and skill of the artist, when he paints mountains and rivers, be invisible; consequently, these subjects, as a result of the painter’s act of creation, assume a mysterious quality that cannot be found in nature. One of the most salient aspects of Huang Binhong’s work was the intimate relationship between calligraphy and painting that permeated both his aesthetic theory and his practice. Huang believed that brushwork must be cultivated by means of a constant study of inscriptions on ancient bronzes and stelae (see China, §IV, 2(viii)) and of rubbings made from these, of examples of calligraphy and even of literature. From his lifelong study of epigraphy and seal-engraving, Huang arrived at a number of principles to underpin his pictorial composition, the most important of which was to achieve ‘void’ (xu) in solid form (shi). Calligraphy not only suggested but embodied the inner workings of nature. Painting, like calligraphy, should accomplish ‘order within disorder’, ‘the regularity of irregularity’ and ‘the resemblance of non-resemblance’. Huang also drew an analogy between composing a painting and playing a game of chess, in which the player must be constantly aware not only of the moves already made but also of those that may yet be made. Huang constantly experimented with different ways of applying ink wash, which, when combined with his brushwork, helped him to achieve the strong stylistic effects he called hunhou huazi (‘solidity and density in structure, and freshness and moisture in ink and brushwork’); an example can be seen in the handscroll Lake and Mountains Before Rain (1952; Hong Kong, Chiu Chu Tung priv. col., see 1989–90 exh. cat., p. 34, fig. 13). The album Insects and Flowers (see fig.) is an excellent example of Huang’s brushwork, which, though strong, is apparently childlike and thus embodies the literati ideal of zhuo (‘intentional awkwardness’). The fact that at least five types of brushwork, seven ways of applying ink and nine methods of manipulating water can be distinguished in his late work reflects Huang’s sophisticated technical mastery. Indeed, the innovative use of water is one of Huang’s most important contributions to 20th-century Chinese painting. In an undated album leaf depicting a landscape (336×349 mm; Hong Kong, Tao Ho priv. col., see 1989–90 exh. cat., p. 71, pl. 18D), the blending of water, ink and colour is masterful. For the last two years of his life Huang Binhong was almost completely blind. To compensate, he relied increasingly on the intuitive use of ink and brushwork acquired through a lifetime of practice, combining his tempestuous, rough brushwork with layer upon layer of ink washes. At first glance, his late paintings appear disorderly. On close inspection, however, these works reveal a rich and complex visual structure and the supramundane quality that he always sought in landscape painting. --DOA", + "date": "1864 - 1955", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DittoeLouisG", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dittoe, Louis G.", -"comment": "Chicago Daily Tribune; International Competition for a New Administration Building for the Chicago Tribune, Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune, 1923. American architect, born in Kentucky, practiced architecture in Cincinnati", -"date": "1867-1947", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangChihyang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huang, Chih-yang", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. b. Taipei China Culture University, Taipei, 1989", + "date": "b. 1965", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DixonDenise", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dixon, Denise", -"comment": "Ewald, Wendy; Portraits and Dreams: Photographs and stories by children of the Appalachians, London: Writers and Readers Publishing Cooperative Society Ltd., 1985. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangDan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huang, Dan", + "comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DixonHarryStJohn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dixon, Harry St. John", -"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. Designer and metalworker", -"date": "1890-1967", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangGongwang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huang, Gongwang", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h39g33w25 Alternate names: Huang Kung-wang, 黃公望 Yuan dynasty (b Changshu, Jiangsu Province, 1269; d Changshu, 1354). Chinese painter. He was designated one of the Four Masters of the Yuan, together with Ni zan, Wu zhen and Wang meng. Born into a family named Lu, he was orphaned when very young. The impoverished Lu family had him adopted when he was seven or eight by a Mr Huang of Yongjia, Zhejiang Province, who was living in Changshu at the time. Since Huang was about 90 years old and without male offspring, the names Huang Gongwang and Zijiu were chosen, which together mean ‘Mr Huang has desired a son for a long time’. Huang Gongwang received a good education, and some documents suggest that he was a child prodigy. In his youth, he served as a legal clerk in the Office of Surveillance in western Zhejiang Province and was put in charge of matters related to the collection of land taxes for helping poor peasants. In 1315, when he was working in Beijing at the Investigation Bureau of the Office of the Imperial Censor, Zhang Lu, he was imprisoned for alleged involvement in mishandling of land taxes in Zhejiang. A plan to collect taxes that Zhang proposed to the court in fact had been undermined by rich landowners and corrupt officials; later, when Zhang was cleared, Huang was released. As a result of this Huang decided to give up official life, changing his name to Yifeng (‘One Peak’). For a time he lived in Huating (modern Songjiang in Shanghai Municipality), making his living as a fortune-teller. About 1329 he joined the Daoist Quanzhen sect. None of Huang’s works on Daoism survive, but the Daozang (Daoist Canon) does include his biography. In 1334 he established a Hall of the Three Doctrines in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. The Three Doctrines sect, which reached its height in the Yuan period (1279–1368), incorporated elements of Confucianism, Daoism and Chan (Jap. Zen) Buddhism into a syncretic philosophy; Huang’s interest in it suggests the breadth of his philosophical and religious outlook. Huang was also versatile in literature and the arts. One contemporary source states: ‘His learning does not rank below anyone. Of all things under heaven there is nothing that he does not know. Even regarding the smallest skill and artistry, he is in good command. He can compose long poems and short verses instantly. He is especially adept in painting. People respect him as a teacher.’ Since this source is concerned with dramatists, Huang must have been a writer of plays. He wrote a volume of poetry, Dachi Daoren ji, no longer extant, and was also noted as a flautist. He had many literary and artistic friends, including the painters Ni Zan, Cao Zhibai, Fang Congyi, Yang Weizhen (1296–1370) and Zhang Yu (1277–1348), and the poet Yang Zai; he is said to have been a pupil of the painter Zhao Mengfu. In the Yangzi delta area Huang also lived in Quzhou, Fuyang, and, in his last years, Hangzhou and the Fuchun River area (all in Zhejiang Province). Seventeenth-century sources state that he liked to lose himself in nature, perhaps sitting all day in the mountains or staying close to the sea, watching the waves, wind and rain, or sailing a boat alone on a lake, chanting songs and drinking wine. Some 60 extant paintings are attributed to Huang Gongwang, but only a few are accepted as genuine. Huang is said to have started painting only after the age of 50 (c. 1320), though none of the accepted works dates to before the 1340s. Jiuzhu fengcui (‘Nine pearl peaks’; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), a hanging scroll on satin in ink, though unsigned, has a colophon indicating its dedication to Yang Weizhen and is one of Huang’s earliest works. Many basic forms, such as rocks and trees, are not fully developed. Xishan yuyi (‘Rivers and hills before rain’; see fig. 1) has an inscription of 1344 dating it to some years earlier. Elements such as patterns of trees and mountains, contrasts and variations, and freedom of brushwork are further developed. Tianchi shibi (‘Stone cliff at the heavenly pond’; 1341; Beijing, Pal. Mus.), a hanging scroll on silk, depicts rocks making up a centralized formation of high mountains, a typical Yuan composition. The most important painting by Huang Gongwang, Fuchun shan ju tu (‘Dwelling in the Fuchun mountains’; see fig. 2), represents what came to be considered the most typical aspects of Huang’s personal style. In ink on paper, it depicts broad stretches of the Fuchun River with free, powerful brushwork. Strokes form patterns, rhythms and movements in spontaneous ways associated with calligraphy. Although still representational, the landscape is personalized and abstracted to reflect Huang’s interest in finding freedom of expression in nature, a tradition inherited from the 10th-century painter Dong yuan. The scroll has a complex history. Originally painted for the Daoist Cheng Wuyong, in the 15th century it was acquired by Shen Zhou in Suzhou. Having passed through several hands in that area, in 1596 it came to Dong Qichang in Beijing, who brought it back to his hometown, Huating (Songjiang), where it became very influential among artists. One owner, Wu Hongyu, loved the painting so much that he ordered it to be burnt at his deathbed, and consequently, in 1650, the beginning section was damaged; total destruction was only averted by Wu’s nephew. As a result, the painting exists in two sections: the main section went into the collection of the Qianlong emperor in the 18th century, and the beginning part, after repair, went through many private hands and finally into the Zhejiang Provincial Museum in Hangzhou, where it is entitled Shengshan tu (‘The remaining mountains’). Copies of the painting include a scroll identical to the original apart from a missing last section (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) that is dated 1338 but was probably made in the middle part of the Ming (1368–1644) period. This version went into the collection of the Qianlong emperor before the original did, and was at first accepted by the emperor and his staff as the genuine one. When the original was in the hands of Dong Qichang and the Wu family, copies were made by many painters, including Cheng Zhengkui, Wang Hui, Wu Li, Yun Xiang (1586–1655), Shen Hao and Zou Zhilin ( fl c. 1610–51). Since the beginning of the 17th century, the scroll has had a great influence on Chinese painting. Huang Gongwang’s treatise on painting, Xie shanshui jue (‘Secrets of describing landscape’), was preserved by one of his admirers, Tao Zongyi, in an edition of 1366 (see China, §V, 3(iv)(b)). In this Huang mentions the prevalence in his time of the Dong Yuan tradition and offers many technical points in painting trees, rocks, mountains, clouds and water, emphasizing the literati tradition. He concludes, ‘In doing paintings there are four words that must be absolutely expelled: perversity, prettiness, vulgarity, and derivativeness’ (trans. based on Cahill), which became a guiding principle for literati painting. --DOA", + "date": "1269 - 1354", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DjoBourgeois", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Djo-Bourgeois", -"comment": "Brunhammer, Yvonne and Suzanne Tise; Decorative Arts in France, 1900-1942, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1990. French designer; born Seine et Oise; graduated from the Ecole Speciale d'Architecture; began exhibiting at the Salon in 1923.", -"date": "1898-1937", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangGuanyu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huang, Guanyu", + "comment": "Cohen, Joan Lebold; New Chinese Painting, 1949-1986, New York: Harry Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1987. Chinese painter", + "date": "b. 1949", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DobbinsJim", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dobbins, Jim", -"comment": "Blue Sky Gallery; Some Twenty Odd Visions, Portland; Seattle; London: Blue Sky; University of Washington Press, 1978. ", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangHuabang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huang, Huabang", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DobieSamuel", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dobie, Samuel", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. architect among those who contributed designs for the U.S. capitol building in the 1792 competition", -"date": "late 18th-early 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangHuaxiang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huang, Huaxiang", + "comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. In 1984 Huang entered the print department of the Central Academy of Fine Arts. He specializes in depictions of the human figure in a style that has been called "rogue cynicism," because the people portrayed are not idealized.", + "date": "born 1962", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DoddWilliamJames", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dodd, William James", -"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. architect who created designs for Gates Potteries in Terra Cotta, Illinois", -"date": "1862-1930", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangJingHo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huang, Jing-Ho", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Dodge", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dodge", -"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", -"date": "ca. 1907", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangJucai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huang, Jucai", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h39j26c23 Alternate names: Huang Chü-ts'ai, 黃居寀 Five dynasties ", + "date": "933 - after 993", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DoerpfeldW", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Doerpfeld, W.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangLiu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huang, Liu", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese painter", + "date": "b. 1948", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DoesborchJanvan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Doesborch, Jan van", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active ca 1520-ca. 1530", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangMiaofa", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huang, Miaofa", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DogFingers", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dog Fingers", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangPeimo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huang, Peimo", + "comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. Huang began to learn woodblock printing in 1943. His official positions have included vice-chairman of the Nanjing Literary Union, chairman of the Nanjing branch of the Chinese Artists' Association, standing member of the council of the Chinese Printmakers' Association, and vice-director of the Jiangsu branch of the Chinese Printmakers' Association. He also wrote The Technique of Woodblock. ", + "date": "born 1925", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DohertyWilliam", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Doherty, William", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. phootgrapher", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangQiming", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huang, Qiming", + "comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Guilin, Guangxi province", + "date": "born 1961", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DohnPauline", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dohn, Pauline", -"comment": "Perry, Rachel Berenson; T.C. Steele & the Society of Western Artists, 1896-1914, Bloomington; Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2009. American painter", -"date": "active 1890-1900", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangShanshou", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huang, Shanshou", + "comment": "Brown, Claudia and Ju-hsi Chou; Transcending Turmoil: Painting at the Close of China's Empire, 1796-1911, Phoenix: Phoenix Art Museum, 1992. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/dOhssonIgnaceMourdgea", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "d'Ohsson, Ignace Mourdgea", -"comment": "Stanley, Tim; Palace and Mosque: Islamic Art From the Middle East, London; New York: V&A Publications; Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 2004. ", -"date": "1788", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DokutanSosan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dokutan Sosan", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Japanese Zen priest and founder of the Nan'yoin temple in Kyoto; alternate name: Dokutan Toyota", -"date": "1840-1917", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangShen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huang, Shen", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h39s39 Alternate names: Huang Shen, 黃慎 Qing dynasty (b Ninghua, Fujian Province, 1687; d 1773). Chinese painter, calligrapher and poet. His father died when Huang was young, and in order to support the family Huang was obliged to pursue a professional career in painting. Although he specialized in portraiture and figure painting, he was also skilled as a painter of landscapes, plants and birds. His versatility was a characteristic he shared with his teacher, Shangguan Zhou (b 1665), a leading Fujian painter whose surviving works include Wanxiao tang huazhuan (‘Painting record of the Wanxiao Hall’), a woodblock-printed work depicting historical characters. Huang was encouraged by his mother to aspire to a loftier goal than that of a mere craftsman, the status generally accorded professional painters. He began his education at the age of 18; asserting the oneness of painting and poetry, he studied both arts and in 1734 published the Jiaohu shichao (‘Poetic anthology by Jiaohu’), Jiao hu being a lake to the north of Ninghua. He often included elegantly phrased inscriptions on his paintings, thereby incorporating poetry, calligraphy and painting in a single work. His calligraphy was initially modelled after the kaishu (regular script) of Zhong You (ad 151–230) but was later influenced by the caoshu (cursive script) of Huaisu. The best examples of his style are bold and sweeping, executed with an unerringly crisp and sure touch and with intricately spaced characters. Huang is generally classified as one of the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou (see Yangzhou school). His association with that city began as early as 1724 and lasted for at least 30 years. At first his reception was lukewarm, but by 1730 Huang had developed individual styles of calligraphy and painting, free from an earlier dependence on Xiao Chen ( fl late 17th century–early 18th) and Han Fan. Eventually, his cursive calligraphy and ink-play technique (moxi) became popular among collectors in Yangzhou and established him as a major figure in the city’s art circles. His paintings were often distinguished by mannered, tremulous brushstrokes used to outline and contour forms, which were then coloured with pale vegetable pigments or ink washes. So lucrative did his painting practice become that he was able to buy a house and spend his days drinking and composing poetry with Li Shan, Gao Xiang ( fl 1700–30) and other friends. Huang reached the height of his success between 1723 and 1735. Documentary evidence about his life thereafter is scarcer, but extant paintings confirm that he continued to paint well into his later years. Qingliang Daoren, in his Tingyu xuan biji (‘Notes from the Tingyu studio’), referred to a painting done by Huang in 1764 when he was 78 years old; it depicted an old man holding a chrysanthemum, a favourite subject of the artist, which he treated with gentleness, even sentimentality. Two inscriptions written by admirers and attached to Willows in Autumn (see fig.) confirm that he adopted various names in his youth and that he retired to Jiao hu in his eighties. In general, Huang Shen’s art developed from a meticulous style similar to that of his teacher, through an intermediary stage of relaxation, even lyricism, and finally to the spontaneous and untrammelled mode seen in Willows in Autumn, although some of his styles may have co-existed. He mixed the refined with the vulgar and, in historical subjects, frequently manipulated stock figures. His early landscape paintings, such as Reminiscence from the Han River (1729), show elements of the dense and detailed style of Guo Xi, but such influences became increasingly attenuated and then vanished altogether in the face of a far bolder approach. --DOA", + "date": "1687 - 1773", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DolePhilipH", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dole, Philip H.", -"comment": "http://pages.uoregon.edu/ashp/Journal/2007_May.pdf. ", -"date": "1921-2006", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangXiangjian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huang, Xiangjian", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h39x25j26 Alternate names: Huang Hsiang-chien, 黃向堅 Qing dynasty Painted landscapes in the style of Wang Meng. --Seymour", + "date": "1609 - 1673", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DominguesAlfonso", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Domingues, Alfonso", -"comment": "Schütz, Bernard; Great Monasteries of Europe, English language edition, New York; London: Abeeville Press Publishers, 2004. ", -"date": "active late 14th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangXinbo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huang, Xinbo", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). A native of Guangdong, he also published under the name Yigong. alternate name: 黄新波", + "date": "1915-1980", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DominickandHaff", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dominick and Haff", -"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. New York", -"date": "1872-1928", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangYali", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huang, Yali", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DominickCCiminoArchitect", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dominick C. Cimino Architect", -"comment": "Nesmith, Lynn; AIA Component Awards, Architecture, vol. 76, no. 5. ", -"date": "late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangYan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huang, Yan", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1931-1949 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Xingning, Guangdong Province; learn woodcut independently; alternate name: 荒烟", + "date": "born 1921", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DomonKen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Domon, Ken", -"comment": "Szarkowski, John and Shoji Yamagishi; New Japanese Photography, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1974. ", -"date": "born 1932", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangYongping", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huang, Yongping", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Quanzhou, Fujian; studied at Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou; has lived in Paris since 1989.", + "date": "b. 1954", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DonaldInsallAssociates", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Donald Insall Associates", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. London-based architecture firm specializing in preservation of historic buildings and design of new buildings in historic areas.", -"date": "established ca. 1960", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangYongsan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huang, Yongsan", + "comment": "Rotondo, Lisa E.; Chinese Revolutionary Woodcuts, 1935-1948: From the Herman Collection, Middletown (CT): Davison Art Center, 1984. alternate name: Huang Yung San", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DonaldsonLithoCo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Donaldson Litho Co.", -"comment": "Daniel, Noel; Magic: 1400s-1950s, Cologne: Taschen, 2009. Located in Newport, Kentucy. The Donaldson Art Sign Company in Covington and the Donaldson Lithography Company in Newport can be traced back to a partnership between William M. Donaldson and Henry Elms. These two entrepreneurs began a small lithography business in Cincinnati on August 10, 1863 . By the end of the first year of operation, the firm owned and operated seven hand printing presses. With the death of Mr. Elms in 1872, the business became the sole property of Donaldson. The company was officially incorporated as the Donaldson Lithograph Co. in 1883. ", -"date": "1883-1987", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangYongyu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huang, Yongyu", + "comment": "Laing, Ellen Johnston; Winking Owl: Art from the People's Republic of China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988 (0520060970). from Hunan; woodcut artist, cartoonist and traditional style painter", + "date": "born 1924", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DonaldsonWalter", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Donaldson, Walter", -"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangZhenxiao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huang, Zhenxiao", + "comment": "Possessing the past : treasures from the National Palace Museum, Taipei / Wen C. Fong, James C.Y. Watt; with contributions by Richard M. Barnhart ... [et al]. New York : Metropolitan Museum of Art : Distributed by H.N. Abrams, 1996. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DongBangda", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dong, Bangda", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). d38b25d22 Alternate names: Tung Pang-ta, 董邦達 Qing dynasty (1699-1769)", -"date": "1699-1769", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DongWensheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dong, Wensheng", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Lianyun, Jiangsu Province; graduated 1990 from the Normal Technical University in Changzhou. He lives and works in Changzhou.", -"date": "b. 1970", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangZongdao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huang, Zongdao", + "comment": "Fong, Wen C.; Beyond Representation, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1992. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DongXiwen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dong, Xiwen", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1914-1973", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DongZhengyi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dong, Zhengyi", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Tung Cheng-yi", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HubbardAlice", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hubbard, Alice", + "comment": "Barter, Judith A.; Apostles of Beauty: Arts and Crafts From Britain to Chicago, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. American author", + "date": "1861-1915", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Donkyo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Donkyo", -"comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HubbardBertha", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hubbard, Bertha", + "comment": "Barter, Judith A.; Apostles of Beauty: Arts and Crafts From Britain to Chicago, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. American artist and illustrator", + "date": "1861-1946", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DonnellGeorgeO", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Donnell, George O.", -"comment": "Sprigg, June; Shaker Design, New York, London: Whitney Museum of American Art, W.W. Norton & Company, 1986. Shaker furniture maker", -"date": "b. 1822", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HubbardTheresa", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hubbard, Theresa", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born 1965 in Dublin, Ireland. M.F.A., Nova Scotia College of Art and Design, Halifax", + "date": "born 1965", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DoolittleHaroldLukens", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Doolittle, Harold Lukens", -"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. Amateur craftsman in carving, cabinetmaking, printing and lettering", -"date": "1883-1974", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HubertPirssonandCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hubert, Pirsson and Company", + "comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999 (0939802872). Based in New York.", + "date": "1880-1888", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DoornickMarcus", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Doornick, Marcus", -"comment": "Abercrombie, Patrick; Wren's Plan for London After the Great Fire, Town Planning Review, vol. 10, no. 2. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuestisandHuestis", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huestis & Huestis", + "comment": "Chicago Daily Tribune; International Competition for a New Administration Building for the Chicago Tribune, Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune, 1923. Springfield, Massachusetts architecture firm", + "date": "active ca. 1920", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DöplerEmil", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Döpler, Emil", -"comment": "Deutsches Historisches Museum; Kunst! Kommerz! Visionen!: Deutsche Plakate, 1888-1933, Heidelberg: Edition Braus, 1992. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuetDavid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huet, David", + "comment": "Schütz, Bernard; Great Monasteries of Europe, English language edition, New York; London: Abeeville Press Publishers, 2004. ", + "date": "active late 14th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Dormeuil", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dormeuil", -"comment": "Moore, Doris Langley-Levy. Fashion through Fashion Plates, 1771-1970. New York, C.N. Potter, 1971. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HugganGerald", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huggan, Gerald", + "comment": "George, Michael and Consuelo M. Correcher; Gardens of Spain, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1993. landscape architect", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Dormier", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dormier", -"comment": "Ecker, Heather; Caliphs and Kings: the Art and Influence of Islamic Spain, Washington, DC: Arthur Sackler Gallery, 2004. printmaker", -"date": "active 1810s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HughesAbbotofCluny", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hughes, Abbot of Cluny", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1049-1109", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DörpfeldW", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dörpfeld, W.", -"comment": "Mylonas, George E.; Mycenae: Rich in Gold, Athens: Ekdotike Athenon S.A., 1983. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Huichong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huichong", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h42c43 Alternate names: Hui-ch'ung, 惠崇 Song dynasty In the early Song period the monk–artist Huichong (c.965–1017) painted evocative river scenes with geese and reeds, works that were much praised by Su Shi and others of the late Northern Song (960–1127) literati group. --DOA", + "date": "active ca. 965 - 1017", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DossetterEdward", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dossetter, Edward", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuitricH", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huitric, H.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DouganHeinsandKane", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dougan, Heins, and Kane", -"comment": "VRC mounted photo coll, Oregon Obliviate. ", -"date": "active ca. 1950", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DoyleandPatterson", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Doyle and Patterson", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American architecture firm in Portland, Oregon, consisting of A.E. Doyle and William B. Patterson; with the addition of partner James George Beach, became Doyle, Patterson and Beach in 1911.", -"date": "1907-1911", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuizongEmperor", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huizong, Emperor", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h42z58, Alternate names: Hui-tsung, 徽宗, Song dynasty", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DoylePattersonandBeach", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Doyle, Patterson and Beach", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1911-1913", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DPArchitects", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "DP Architects", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "est. 1967", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuizongEmperorofChina", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Huizong, Emperor of China", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h42z58 Alternate names: Hui-tsung, 徽宗 Song dynasty (b Tianshui, Gansu Province, 1082; reg 1101–26; d Wuguocheng, Yilan, Heilongjiang Province, 1135). Chinese ruler and painter. The last emperor of the Northern Song period (960–1127), he was the 11th son of the emperor Shenzong (reg 1068–85). Huizong is considered to be the only accomplished artist in a line of emperors who all shared an interest in the arts. The fall of the Northern Song dynasty is usually attributed to Huizong’s neglect of his official duties in favour of religious and cultural pursuits. This preoccupation is described in miscellaneous notes of Deng Chun (fl 1127–67) in the Hua ji (‘Painting continued’; 1167) and by Tang Hou (fl 1322) in the Gujin huajian (‘Mirror of past and present painting’; 1320s), as well as in later chronicles such as the Tuhui baojian (‘Precious mirror for examining painting’; preface dated 1365) by Xia Wenyan. The development of Huizong’s aesthetic preferences and of his painting and calligraphy was supervised by three friends. They were all of high social rank but had different interests, and their preferences are reflected in the eclectic nature of the emperor’s style. Zhao Lingrang (fl c. 1070–1100) was a painter and connoisseur who assisted the emperor in his search for scrolls to add to the imperial collection. Wu Yuanyu (fl c. 1080–1104) has been described as a conservative academician. He was a pupil of Cui Bo (fl mid-11th century) and a conduit of the realistic tradition of painting to the emperor. The painter, connoisseur and collector Wang Shen (c. 1046–c. 1110) was also an eclectic intellectual calligrapher; he introduced the emperor to the calligraphic style of Huang Tingjian (1045–1105). While the emperor is best known for his bird-and-flower paintings, his calligraphy is probably the most significant of his accomplishments. It is highly personal and very different from the meticulous paintings attributed to him. Its unique style is described in a single reference by Tao Zongyi (fl 1350) in his Shushi hui yao (‘Essentials of calligraphy’): ‘The brush in Huizong’s running-cursive (xingshu) and regular (kaishu) scripts is graceful and powerful. He first studied the calligraphy of Xueji (648–718), and then altered [his master’s] brush method and manner to produce a style which he himself called “slender gold” script [shoujin ti]. The brushwork and style [of his calligraphy] evolved naturally and independently [of his master’s], so that [the relationship with Xueji] cannot easily be sought.’ (Chuang, p. 1.) As a collector Huizong invoked his rank to appropriate desirable paintings from sometimes unwilling owners. They are catalogued in the Xuanhe huapu (‘Xuanhe collection of painting’; compiled before 1119) with a preface written by the emperor and form the nucleus of the Palace Museum collection in Taipei. Huizong’s artistic significance is due in great part to the influence he exerted on others. During his reign the Hanlin Painting Academy became a centre of art education as well as painting (see also China, §V, 4(i)(c)). Members were officially graded in various ranks and were required in periodic examinations to illustrate quotations chosen by the emperor. The winning work was usually selected more on the basis of the originality of idea than on artistic merit. Huizong also maintained close supervision of paintings executed in the Baolu gong (Palace of Daoist Scriptures), where he required a flawless technique that tended to stultify painting as it emphasized craftsmanship over expression of feeling. It is difficult to assess Huizong’s true talent in painting. Early Chinese historians were anxious to elevate him to a status almost of martyrdom, and their laudatory adjectives made later objective evaluations difficult. For example, Deng Chun identifies the emperor as a genius and Tang Hou classifies his paintings as either ‘wonderful’ or ‘divine’. Another problem of evaluation arises from the tradition, according to early accounts, that when the emperor painted a picture, it was immediately copied by courtiers and artists seeking to obtain his signature on their work. This would explain the discrepancies in style of the paintings with authenticated signatures generally attributed to Huizong. According to Song- and Yuan-period (1279–1368) critics, Huizong painted successfully both in colour and monochrome ink, and several extant works in these traditions are available for comparison. The monochrome ink paintings are described as following the traditions of Li Cheng and Guo Xi. Landscapes and bamboo paintings put him in competition with the contemporary literati. Re-creations of early works can be studied in his copies of past masters such as Zhang Xuan. Ladies Preparing Newly Woven Silk (colour on silk, 370×1450 mm; Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.) is a copy attributed to Huizong by his grandson, the Jin emperor, Zhangzong (reg 1190–1209), who utilizes his ancestor’s calligraphic style in his inscription. Huizong is best known, however, for bird-and-flower album leaves composed in a pre-Song tradition. Carefully delineated forms drawn from life (xiesheng) in the tradition of Cui Bo rely on colour alone in the ‘boneless’ (mogu) technique of the Southern Tang (ad 937–75) artist Xu Xi. They create a new synthesis using the compositional device of flattened space characteristic of Huang Quan of the Five Dynasties period (907–60). This synthesis is exemplified by the Five-coloured Parakeet (horizontal scroll, colour on silk, 530×1250 mm; Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.), which bears his signature but which is probably not his work. The Dove on the Branch of a Blossoming Peach Tree (Tokyo, Setsū Gatodo priv. col.) is similar in composition and of more acceptable authenticity. Its technical perfection makes any individuality difficult to detect, but it exemplifies the flawless technique associated with the emperor. --DOA", + "date": "1082 - 1135", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DrCWolfandSohn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dr. C. Wolf & Sohn", -"comment": "Hiesinger, Kathryn Bloom; Art Nouveau in Munich: Masters of Jugendstil from the Stadtmuseum, Munich, and Other Public and Private Collections, Philadelphia, Munich: Philadelphia Museum of Art, Prestel-Verlag, 1988. Munich", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HukinandHeath", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hukin & Heath", + "comment": "Menz, Christopher; Morris & Company: Pre-Raphaelites and the Arts and Crafts Movement in South Australia, Adelaide: Art Gallery of South Australia, 1994. Birmingham", + "date": "active 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DraytonJohn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Drayton, John", -"comment": "Craven, Wayne; American Art: History and Culture, 2003 edition, London: Lawrence King Publishing Ltd., 2003. plantation owner and perhaps architect", -"date": "active ca. 1740", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HullBasil", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hull, Basil", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + "date": "active early 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DresdenerPorzellansammlung", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dresdener Porzellansammlung", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1872-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HulstLarry", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hulst, Larry", + "comment": "American century : art & culture. New York : Whitney Museum of American Art in association with W.W. Norton, c1999. vol. 2.. 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", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/dRNArchitects", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "dRN Architects", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "2005-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuntAshley", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hunt, Ashley", + "comment": "Foster, Hal, Rosalind Krauss, Yve-Alain Bois, Benjamin H.D. Buchloh and David Joselit; Art Since 1900: Modernism, Antimodernism, Postmodernism, 1945 to the Present, vol. 2, second edition, London: Thames & Hudson, 2011. ", + "date": "active late 20th-early21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DrozdaRobert", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Drozda, Robert", -"comment": "Lee, Molly and Gregory A. Reinhardt; Eskimo Architecture: Dwelling and Structure in the Early Historic Period, Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press and University of Alaska Museum, 2003. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuntGeorgeJoseph", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hunt, George Joseph", + "comment": "Meyer, Marilee Boyd; Inspiring Reform: Boston's Arts and Crafts Movement, Wellesley: Davis Museum and Cultural Center, 1997. ", + "date": "1866-1947", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DruzhininIV", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Druzhinin, I. V.", -"comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", -"date": "1887-1949", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuntKay", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hunt, Kay", + "comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", + "date": "born 1933", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DryDesign", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dry Design", -"comment": "Trulove, James Grayson and Nora Richter Greer; Sustainable Homes, 2nd edition, New York: Harper Design International, 2004. American architectural firm based in Los Angeles", -"date": "active 1996-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuntMarshall", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hunt, Marshall", + "comment": "David A. Bainbridge Gift Collection, Architecture and Allied Arts Library, University of Oregon. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DryákAlois", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dryák, Alois", -"comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. 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Retail department store founded in San Francisco based on high fashion and specialty goods; in the 1970s expanded across the United States to the Chicago and Washington DC metropolitan areas", + "date": "1876-1992", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DunEmerGuild", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dun Emer Guild", -"comment": "Blakesley, Rosalind; Arts and Crafts Movement, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2006. perhaps the same as Dun Emer Press? LCNAF n 81107786", -"date": "1902-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IMSingerandCo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "I.M. Singer & Co.", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1851-1865", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DunlapFrancisE", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dunlap, Francis E.", -"comment": "Chicago Daily Tribune; International Competition for a New Administration Building for the Chicago Tribune, Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune, 1923. ", -"date": "active ca. 1920", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IampolskiA", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Iampolski, A.", + "comment": "Erlande-Brandenburg, Alain; Notre-Dame de Paris, Paris: Éditions Nathan, 1991. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DupasJeanThodore", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dupas, Jean-Thodore", -"comment": "Brunhammer, Yvonne and Suzanne Tise; Decorative Arts in France, 1900-1942, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1990. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DupontBertrandFrançois", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dupont, Bertrand-François", -"comment": "Bremer-David, Charissa; French Tapestries and Textiles in the J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 1997. ", -"date": "active 1714-1720", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IbnAbuIQasimAliibnMuhammad", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ibn Abu-I-Qasim, Ali ibn Muhammad", + "comment": "Piotrovsky, M.B. and Rogers, J.M., eds.; Heaven On Earth: Art from Islamic Lands: Works from The State Hermitage Museum and the Khalili Collection, New York: Prestel Publishing, 2004. ", + "date": "1206, August-September", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DupracEtienne", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Duprac, Etienne", -"comment": "Enge, Torsten Olaf and Carl Friedrich Schrer; Garden Architecture in Europe, 1450-1800, Cologne: Benedikt Taschen, 1990. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IbnalSuyufi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ibn al-Suyufi", + "comment": "Stierlin, Henri; Splendours of an Islamic World, London: Tauris Parke Books, 1997. Court architect.", + "date": "ca. 1340", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DuquesneyFA", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Duquesney, F. A.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ibnHasanYaqub", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "ibn Hasan, Ya'qub", + "comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. Known as Siraj al-Husayni al-Sultani", + "date": "1436", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DurazzoGrimaldiClelia", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Durazzo Grimaldi, Clelia", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. botanist and marchesa in Genoa", -"date": "1760-1830", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IbnHusam", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ibn Husam", + "comment": "Papadopoulo, Anlexandre; Islam and Muslim Art, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1979 (0810906414). ", + "date": "ca. 1480", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DUrbinoDonato", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "D'Urbino, Donato", -"comment": "Fiell, Charlotte and Peter Fiell; Modern Chairs, Cologne: Taschen, 1993. ", -"date": "1935-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ibnHusaynUstadHasan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "ibn Husayn, Ustad Hasan", + "comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. ", + "date": "1473", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DureauGeorge", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dureau, George", -"comment": "Ellenzweig, Allen; Homoerotic Photograph: Male Images from Durieu/Delacroix to Mapplethorpe, New York: Columbia University Press, 1992. ", -"date": "born 1930", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ibnJafaribnUmaralAsturlabiMuhammad", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "ibn Ja'far ibn Umar al-Asturlabi, Muhammad", + "comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. ", + "date": "1430-1431", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DuroCIA", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Duro CIA", -"comment": "American century : art & culture. New York : Whitney Museum of American Art in association with W.W. Norton, c1999. vol. 2. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IbnMihammadalHasibAhmad", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ibn Mihammad al-Hasib, Ahmad", + "comment": "Stierlin, Henri; Islam, Cologne: Taschen, 1996. Architect.", + "date": "861", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DurstFrantiektheYounger", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Durst, Frantiek, the Younger", -"comment": "Rak, Jiri, Radim Vondracek and Clauda Terenzi; Biedermeier: Art and Culture in Central Europe, 1815-1848, Milan, New York: Skira Editore, Rizzoli International, 2001. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ibnTimurShahrukh", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "ibn Timur, Shahrukh", + "comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. Shāhrukh Mīrzā (Persian: شاه رخ ميرزا - Šāhrukh Mīrzā, also known as Shāhruh, Shāhrokh or Shāhrukh u>, in Persian meaning "Face of the King" (According to Ibn ‘Arabshāh, his father was playing chess when he received the news of his birth, using this chess move as a name for the newborn child[1]) (August 20, 1377 - March 12, 1447), was the ruler of the eastern portion of the empire established by the Central Asian warlord Timur (Tamerlane) - the founder of the Timurid dynasty - governing most of Persia and Transoxiana between 1405 and 1447. Shāhrukh was the fourth and youngest son of Timur and child of one of his Persian wives. After Timur's death in 1405, his empire fell apart with various tribes and warlords competing for dominance. The Black Sheep Turkmen destroyed the western empire in 1410 when they captured Baghdad, but in Persia and Transoxiana Shāhrukh was able to secure effective control from about 1409. His empire controlled the main trade routes between East and West, including the legendary Silk Road, and became immensely wealthy as a result. The devastation of Persia's main cities led to the cultural centre of the empire shifting to Samarqand in modern Uzbekistan and Herat in modern Afghanistan. Shāhrukh chose to have his capital not in Samarqand, but in Herat. This was to become the political centre of the Timurid empire, and residence of his principal successors, though both cities benefited from the wealth and privilege of Shāhrukh's court, which was a great patron of the arts and sciences. His wife, Gowhar Shād, funded the construction of two outstanding mosques and theological colleges in Mashhad and Herāt. The Gowhar-Shād-Mosque was finished in 1418. The mixed ethnic origins of the ruling dynasty led to a distinctive character in its cultural outlook, which was a combination of Persian civilization and art, with borrowings from China, and literature written in Persian as well as Turkic and Arabic. In fact, Shah Rukh sent a large embassy to the Ming Dynasty of China in 1419. Shāhrukh died during a journey in Persia and was succeeded by his son, Mohammad Taragae Uluğ Bēg, who had been viceroy of Transoxiana during his father's lifetime. (Wikipedia)", + "date": "August 20, 1377 - March 12, 1447", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DuseigneurEdouard", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Duseigneur, Edouard", -"comment": "Bernard, Bruce; Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography, 1840-1940, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. Amateur photographer who owned a silk factory.", -"date": "active 1850s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ibnUmarShaykShirazIskandarSultan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "ibn Umar-Shayk Shiraz, Iskandar-Sultan", + "comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. ", + "date": "ca. 1410-1411", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DustMuhammad", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dust Muhammad", -"comment": "Falk, Toby, ed.; Treatures of Islam, London: Philip Wilson Publishers, Ltd., 1985 (0856671967). Safavid and later, Mughal painter", -"date": "active 1540-1560", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IbrahimbinGhanaim", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ibrahim bin Ghana'im", + "comment": "Stierlin, Henri; Splendours of an Islamic World, London: Tauris Parke Books, 1997 (1860642195). ", + "date": "1277", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DutertandCottancin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dutert and Cottancin", -"comment": "Michaels, Leonard; Contemporary structure in architecture, New York: Reinhold, 1950. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IbrahimEdhemibnAhmedRifet", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ibrahim Edhem ibn Ahmed Rifet", + "comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. Ottoman", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DutschkeWerner", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dutschke, Werner", -"comment": "Fiedler, Jeannine and Peter Feierabend; Bauhaus, Cologne: Konemann, 2000. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IchieiseiYoshitsuya", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ichieisei, Yoshitsuya", + "comment": "Singer, Robert T. et al.; Edo: Art in Japan 1615-1868, Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1998. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DuttenhoferChristian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Duttenhofer, Christian", -"comment": "Wolff, Arnold; Der Kölner Dom, Köln: Verlag Kölner Dom, 1995. ", -"date": "active early 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DuttonAllenA", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dutton, Allen A.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IchikiShiro", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ichiki, Shiro", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1828-1903", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DuvergerJean", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Duverger, Jean", -"comment": "Sustainable French Timber Houses: L'Affaire de Wood, Victoria, Australia: Images Publishing Group Pty Ltd, 2006. contemporary French architect", -"date": "active ca. 1990-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IchimuraTetsuya", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ichimura, Tetsuya", + "comment": "Szarkowski, John and Shoji Yamagishi; New Japanese Photography, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1974. ", + "date": "born 1930", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DuvivierNicolasCyprien", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Duvivier, Nicolas-Cyprien", -"comment": "Bremer-David, Charissa; French Tapestries and Textiles in the J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 1997. ", -"date": "active 1775-1807", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IconesOperumMisericordiae", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Icones Operum Misericordiae", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EWundsche", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "E. Wundsche", -"comment": "Deutsches Historisches Museum; Kunst! Kommerz! Visionen!: Deutsche Plakate, 1888-1933, Heidelberg: Edition Braus, 1992. Berlin", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EastonDavid", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Easton, David", -"comment": "McGregor, Suzi Moore and Nora Burba Trulsson; Living Homes: Sustainable Architecture and Design, San Francisco: Chronicle Press, 2008. American builder", -"date": "active early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IdaKojiro", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ida, Kojiro", + "comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EathertonT", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Eatherton, T.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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", -"date": "1872-1930", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ImanishiResidencePreservationSociety", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Imanishi Residence Preservation Society", + "comment": "Kobayashi, Tadashi, Johei Sasaki and Naomi Okawa; Taiga to Ōkyo, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EigentlicherundgrundlicherBericht", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Eigentlicher und grundlicher Bericht", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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", -"date": "b. 1892", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IshiwataKōitsu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ishiwata, Kōitsu", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1897-1987", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EtheridgeRoe", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Etheridge, Roe", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Roe Ethridge was born in 1969 in Miami and received a BFA in Photography at The College of Art in Atlanta, GA. Ethridge's images emanate from his direct experience of the world. 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Qajar painter", + "date": "active ca. 1860-1865", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EtlingEdmondLaurent", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Etling, Edmond Laurent", -"comment": "Arwas, Victor; Art Deco, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. French studio and retailer for art glass", -"date": "active ca. 1920-ca. 1930", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IsoyaAkira", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Isoya, Akira", + "comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993 . ", + "date": "1904-1987", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/etoy", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "etoy", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1994-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ISSCOCorporation", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "ISSCO Corporation", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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", -"date": "active 777-794", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IsselAlberto", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Issel, Alberto", + "comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. ", + "date": "1848-1926", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EugeneFuturePowerCommitteeInc", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Eugene Future Power Committee, Inc.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Eugene, Oregon", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Issho", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Issho", + "comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", + "date": "18th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EugeneSandandGravel", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Eugene Sand and Gravel", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IstitutoCooperazioneSanitariaItaly", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Istituto Cooperazione Sanitaria, Italy", + "comment": "Fiell, Charlotte. Modern Furniture Classics since 1945. Washington, D.C. : American Institute of Architects Press, c1991.. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EulaJoseph", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Eula, Joseph", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1925-2004", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Euxitheos", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Euxitheos", -"comment": "Noble, Joseph Veach; Techniques of Painted Attic Pottery, New York: Watson-Guptill Publications; Metropolitan Museum, 1965. potter", -"date": "active ca. 515 BCE", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ItaniIchiro", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Itani, Ichiro", + "comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. ", + "date": "b. 1903", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EvansJason", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Evans, Jason", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Jason Evans was born in Holyhead on June the 5th 1968. That makes him a Welsh Gemini, but does not account for his interest in psychedelic musics. He is a multi-disciplinary photographer whose main output has been through the fashion and music media and preferred mode of transport has been the bicycle. He enjoys teaching at UCA Farnham.", -"date": "born 1968", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ItanoRiso", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Itano, Riso", + "comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. ", + "date": "1923-1933", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EwartAlexanderCharles", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ewart, Alexander Charles", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. architect", -"date": "1854-1916", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ItohSusumu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Itoh, Susumu", + "comment": "Kanada, Margaret Miller; Color Woodblock Printmaking: The Traditional Method of Ukiyo-e, Fourth Printing, Tokyo: Shufunotomo Co., Ltd., 1989 (4079753160). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ExpressSteamPrintingHouse", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Express Steam Printing House", -"comment": "Daniel, Noel; Magic: 1400s-1950s, Cologne: Taschen, 2009. Located on East Swan Street in Buffalo, New York, USA.", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FandCOsler", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "F. & C. Osler", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. London and Birmingham", -"date": "active 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ittan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ittan", + "comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FForbes", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "F. Forbes", -"comment": "Lyons, Marvin; Russian Original Photographs 1860-1920, New York: Scribner, 1977. photographer", -"date": "active 1910s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FWolffandSohn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "F. Wolff & Sohn", -"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IvanilovaAM", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ivanilova, A. M.", + "comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. toy maker", + "date": "1914-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FaRuozhen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fa, Ruozhen", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). f22r37z42 Alternate names: Fa Jo-chen, 法若貞 Qing dynasty (b Jiaozhou (modern Jiao xian), Shandong Province, 1613; d 1696). Chinese painter and government official. Fa was active mostly in Anhui Province and is often loosely associated with the Anhui school of the early Qing period (1644–1911), but he is best grouped with the eccentrics or individualists of the period rather than with the more conservative traditions of the Orthodox school. The 19th-century text Tongyin lun hua (‘Discourses on painting in the shade of the paulownia tree’), referring to his highly original painting style, noted that Fa ‘followed a path of his own’. Nevertheless he is seldom ranked among the foremost painters of the period, his output and influence being limited. Fa gained his jinshi degree in 1646 and joined the Hanlin Academy in Beijing in the same year. He held a number of government posts and even helped repel Ming loyalist attacks on the Manchus in Fujian Province. He served as a judicial commissioner in Zhejiang (1662–4) and became Lieutenant-Governor of Anhui Province in 1668. After losing that post (allegedly for concealing a shortage in a friend’s accounts), he tried to enter service again in 1679 but failed the boxue hongci examination, which brought his official career to an end. A large hanging scroll, Misty Mountain Landscape (Stockholm, Östasiat. Mus.), exemplifies Fa’s painting style. Composed almost exclusively of a rocky slope and mist-enshrouded trees, it suggests a primeval volcanic wilderness with vapours escaping from fissures and swirling masses. The nervous line of Fa’s rock contours, his ambiguous rendering of landscape forms (which can sometimes be read as hollows rather than crags and hillocks) and the pronounced contrast of light and shadow animate his images, producing an effect of strangeness. Like most of his other landscapes, this painting represents a mountainside after heavy rain (some examples portray the landscape in rain). Fa’s own inscriptions and other evidence reveal that this was a longstanding pictorial metaphor for good government—the effective and benevolent administrator brings benefits to the people he governs as rain brings good crops to farmers. In painting numerous depictions of this theme, presumably for others who, like himself, held positions under the Manchus and so were open to accusations of collaboration from Ming loyalists, he was asserting the virtuousness and wisdom of such practice and justifying his own decision to serve the Manchu regime (a course some considered dishonorable, even turncoat). --DOA", -"date": "1613-1696", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IvanovaA", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ivanova, A.", + "comment": "Russian Postcards (Heghine). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FabianDirk", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fabian, Dirk", -"comment": "Kunst- und Ausstelleungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland; Gandhara: Das Buddhistische Erbe Pakistans Legenden, Klöster und Paradiese, Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 2008. Cartographer", -"date": "late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FàbregasRicard", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fàbregas, Ricard", -"comment": "Robinson, William H, Jordi Falgàs, and Carmen Belen Lord; Barcelona and Modernity: Picasso, Gaudí, Miró, Dalí, Cleveland, New Haven: Cleveland Museum of Art, Yale University Press, 2006. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IwashitaMasanao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Iwashita, Masanao", + "comment": "Meech-Pekarik, Julia; World of the Meiji Print: Impressions of a New Civilization, New York; Tokyo: Weatherhill, 1986. ", + "date": "active ca. 1887", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FadaRadioandElectricCo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fada Radio & Electric Co.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Founded by Frank d´Andrea. 30-20 Thomson Avenue, Long Island, New York; former F.A.D.Andrea, Inc. 1581 Jerome Avenue, NY, NY", -"date": "1925-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Izogiz", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Izogiz", + "comment": "Petrova, Yevgenia and Jean-Claude Marcade, eds.; Avant-garde before and after, Bad Breisig: Palace Editions, 2005. Moscow and Leningrad", + "date": "active 1930s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FaguaysPierreLe", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Faguays, Pierre Le", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. French art deco sculptor", -"date": "1892-1935", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IzumiShinsaku", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Izumi, Shinsaku", + "comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. ", + "date": "1930s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FaienceManufacturingCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Faience Manufacturing Company", -"comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. Brooklyn, New York", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IzumiyaTomotada", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Izumiya, Tomotada", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "ca. 1781", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FaleideArchitects", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Faleide Architects", -"comment": "Trulove, James Grayson; New Sustainable Homes, New York: Collins Design, 2006. American architectural firm in Colorado", -"date": "active 1995-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IzzuddinibnTajuddinIsfahani", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Izzuddin ibn Tajuddin Isfahani", + "comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. metalsmith", + "date": "active ca. 1397", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FanKuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fan, Kuan", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). f23k37 Alternate names: Fan K'uan, 范寬 Song dynasty (b Huayuan [now Hua xian, Shaanxi Province], c. ad 990; d c. 1030). Chinese painter. He was one of the most important representatives of the monumental tradition of Northern Song (960–1127) landscape painting, which at that time was becoming established as the most important category of painting in China (see China, §V, 3(iv)(b)). About 1024 Guo Ruoxu ( fl 11th century), a minor court official at Bianliang (modern Kaifeng), the capital of the Northern Song dynasty, wrote in the Tuhua jianwen zhi (‘Experiences in painting’) that Fan Kuan was the equal of Li Cheng and Guan Tong and that these three masters stood ‘like the legs of a tripod’ and would serve as models ‘for a hundred generations’. About 20 years later, Liu Daochun (fl mid-11th century) wrote in the Shengchao minghua ping (‘Critique of famous painters of the present dynasty’) that the only landscapists deserving absolute praise were Li Cheng and Fan Kuan and that there was no-one, past or present, who compared with them. Fan Kuan was not a scholar, nor did he pass any examinations or hold any official position. Guo Ruoxu wrote that ‘Kuan’s manner and appearance had an antique severity, that his behaviour was rude and rustic and that it was his nature to crave wine and love the Daoist Way’. His earlier work was based on the paintings of Li cheng, which he studied as a young man, as well as on those of Jing hao. As he matured, however, Fan introduced innovations obviously based on direct and careful observation of nature. According to the Xuanhe huapu (‘Xuanhe collection of paintings’; the catalogue of the paintings of the Song emperor Huizong (reg 1101–26); preface dated 1120), he believed that, like those before him who had made it their rule never to be detached from things, he too should learn, not from other men but from things themselves or, better still, from their inner nature. In order to accomplish this he isolated himself from society and lived alone in the mountains, exactly where is not known. His artistic activity, temperament and way of life are clearly reflected in the character of his landscapes. They have a rational order and inherent structural precision that reflect a Neo-Confucianist cosmic view, and surface textures and atmospheric effects that could only have been based on careful observation of nature in all its moods. As early as the beginning of the Song period (960–1279), critics distinguished between two major schools of painting originating with either Li Cheng or Fan Kuan. The comparison involved not only their general styles but also their brush techniques. According to Mi Fu, in the Hua shi (‘History of painting’; completed 1103), Fan Kuan’s work was ‘as dark as nightfall on a gloomy day’, and his excessive use of ink in his later years made it impossible to distinguish the earth from the rocks in his paintings. Mi Fu went so far as to rank Fan Kuan as superior to all the landscape painters of his period, but other critics generally regarded Fan Kuan and Li Cheng as equals, and both as belonging to the ‘divine’ (shen) category of painters. Sternness and independence were the qualities most frequently associated with Fan Kuan. Throughout his career, his creative genius was patently nurtured by the quality of his communication with nature. It was felt that his paintings revealed no sense of the soft or mellow aspects of nature, but his attention to realism earned him a reputation for ‘showing the very bones of the mountains’ (Miyagawa, p. 176); and Mi wrote that ‘in Fan Kuan’s landscapes you can hear the water’ (Loehr, p. 100). According to Alexander Soper, the commentaries of Liu Daochun referred to the ‘real rocks and ancient trees which thrust themselves up, alive, under his brush. One finds in him a spirit consonance (qiyun) that goes beyond the surface of things and an indifference to ornamental beauty’ (see 1961–2 exh. cat., no. 18). Fan’s sense of order came to be regarded as characteristic of the Northern Song tradition of landscape painting. He introduced the principle of sanfen gefa (‘three-division method’) of staggered depth to establish a logical, three-part organization: foreground, middle ground and background—the ‘three distances’ (sanyuan). High distance (gaoyuan) perspective set off towering peaks in monumental settings against tiny human forms. These cliff faces were given form as well as a rocklike sense of mass by a brushstroke known as yudian cun (‘raindrop texture stroke’). This technique may have been used earlier but Fan was the first to develop it systematically on a large scale. The only authenticated example of Fan Kuan’s work is Travellers among Mountains and Streams, one of the most famous Chinese paintings. Originally believed to have been unsigned, this hanging scroll bears a signature (rediscovered in 1958) in the lower right-hand corner. Additional authentication is provided by an inscription on the mount by Dong Qichang, which attributes the work to Fan and gives the title. Consisting of two panels joined at the centre, the painting is monumental both in conception and in size. At the centre of the composition and dominating it is a massive vertical cliff viewed in the high distance, which creates a visual barrier to movement beyond the middle ground. Only the mountain crests have vegetation. Space provided for movement is limited to the foreground, where the tiny figures of travellers, dwarfed by the central mass, are seen on a road which runs from right to left. Clustered at the base of the cliff, and thus providing a transition between middle ground and background, are mists, created by light ink washes, which silhouette the roofs of a temple barely visible above the densely wooded hill. The entire composition emphasizes rational organization and the unmistakable sense of nature’s dominance. It also strongly reflects the severity identified with Fan’s style. Several other paintings in the National Palace Museum in Taipei are attributed to Fan Kuan but none is signed. Fan Kuan exerted enormous influence on contemporary artists such as Yan Wengui as well as on subsequent generations. The later Song master Li Tang made persistent references to him in such compositions as Whispering Pines in the Gorges (hanging scroll; ink and light colour on silk; 1.88×1.39 m; 1124; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). Even though the balance of foreground to background and the sense of space have been modified, as has the brushstroke, a dependence on the earlier heroic style is clearly evident. Copies made in the later part of the Ming (1368–1644) and early Qing (1644–1911) periods were increasingly removed from the original in their rendering of space, the proportional relationships between pictorial elements and the different brushwork, although the original conception remained.--DOA", -"date": "ca. 990-1030", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JAStraightandCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "J. A. Straight and Company", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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Low Art Tile Works", + "comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. Chelsea, MA", + "date": "1878-1907", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FanMingti", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fan, Mingti", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Chinese watercolorist", -"date": "b. 1915", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JCookandHammondLtd", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "J. Cook & Hammond Ltd.", + "comment": "Leboff, David and Tim Demuth; No Need to Ask! Early Maps of London's Underground Railways, Middlesex: Capital Transport Publishing, 1999. British cartographic publishers; became Cook, Hammon & Kell Ltd.", + "date": "late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FanQi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fan, Qi", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). f23q22 Alternate names: Fan Ch'i, 樊圻 Qing dynasty (1616-after 1694)", -"date": "1616 - after 1694", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JHoareandCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "J. Hoare and Company", + "comment": "Edward Cooke. three generation glass cutting firm moved to Corning, New York, in 1868", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FanYixin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fan, Yixin", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province; alternate name: 范一辛", -"date": "born 1927", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FanZhihua", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fan, Zhihua", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Fan Chih-hua ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JPL", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "J. P. L.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FaneFrancis1stEarlofWestmorland", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fane, Francis, 1st Earl of Westmorland", -"comment": "Wikipedia. ", -"date": "1580-1629", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FangCong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fang, Cong", -"comment": "Rawski, Evelyn S. and Jessica Rawson; China: The Three Emperors, 1662-1795, London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2005. ", -"date": "fl. 1758-1795", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JWeinerLtd", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "J. Weiner Ltd.", + "comment": "Leboff, David and Tim Demuth; No Need to Ask! Early Maps of London's Underground Railways, Middlesex: Capital Transport Publishing, 1999. Publishers, lithographers, London", + "date": "active ca. 1930", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FangCongyi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fang, Congyi", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). f24c56y28 Alternate names: Fang Ts'ung-i, 方從義 Yuan dynasty (b Guixi, Jiangxi Province; fl c. 1340–80). Chinese painter who became a Daoist priest in his youth; he joined the Zhengyi sect, whose main temples were situated in the Shangqing Temple (Shangqing si) on Mt Longhu in his home district, and studied under the priest Jin Pengtou. During the early 1340s, after the death of his teacher, he travelled from Xinzhou to many areas along the River Yangzi and in 1343 visited the capital, Dadu (Khanbaligh, now Beijing), where he became acquainted with many officials and scholarly men and established a reputation as a painter. He is reported to have visited many famous sites along the Great Wall and may have made several trips to the scenic mountains that were considered the home of the Daoist immortals; these included the Taihang range, on the border of Henan and Shanxi provinces, Mt Heng (Shanxi), Mt Tai and Mt Huafouju (Shandong), Mt Zhong in Nanjing (Jiangsu), Mt Kuanglu (Jiangxi) and Mt Wuyi (Fujian). During his time in the capital he seems to have attracted the attention of the Princess of Lu, known as a great patron of art, and of another Daoist painter, Zhang Yanfu ( fl 1340–50), who was connected with the court. However, he soon returned to Xinzhou and set up his own temple. Later he was said to have lived in mountain temples in Jinhua, in western Zhejiang Province. During the last period of his life he is thought to have travelled extensively in south China, including various parts of Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Fujian provinces, visiting many of the Daoist sacred mountains. According to his contemporaries, he had an unearthly manner and bearing that recalled the qualities of a Daoist immortal. This characteristic ethereality is reflected in such paintings as Boating under Mt Wuyi (hanging scroll, 1359; Beijing, Pal. Mus.) and Divine Mountains and Luminous Woods (hanging scroll, 1365; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), in which the landscape appears to change and evolve, without clearly defined shapes and images. Influenced by the atmospheric monochrome ink-wash manner of Mi Fu and Mi Youren of the Song period (960–1279), his paintings may be grouped, with those of Ni Zan, in the untrammelled category ( yipin) of painters (see China, §V, 5(ii)). Fang was also part of the tradition developed in the early Yuan period (1279–1368), when literati painters such as Gao Kegong were increasingly concerned with developing personal modes of expression and with the depiction of more than objective reality (e.g. Clouds and Snow on the Shanyin Mountains, after Gao Kegong, hanging scroll, n.d.; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). However, his life as a Daoist priest and the individuality of his style set him apart from his contemporaries.--DOA", -"date": "active ca. 1340 - 1380", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JWinhartandCo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "J. Winhart & Co.", + "comment": "Hiesinger, Kathryn Bloom; Art Nouveau in Munich: Masters of Jugendstil from the Stadtmuseum, Munich, and Other Public and Private Collections, Philadelphia, Munich: Philadelphia Museum of Art, Prestel-Verlag, 1988. Munich", + "date": "1883-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FangHengxian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fang, Hengxian", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). f23h32x24 Alternate names: Fang Heng-hsien, 方亨咸 Qing dynasty", -"date": "active ca. 1647 - 1678", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JBandJMCornell", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "J.B. and J.M. Cornell", + "comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FangJi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fang, Ji", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Ming dynasty painter", -"date": "active ca. 1500", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FangLijun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fang, Lijun", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. b. 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Modern Furniture Classics since 1945. Washington, D.C. : American Institute of Architects Press, c1991.. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FangTu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fang, Tu", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. 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Jiang Bibo was born in Guiyang, Guizhou province. Upon her graduation from Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts in 1962, Jiang joined the faculty and later became a professor and head for the print department, She has studied oil painting and also is an accomplished sculptor. From 1985-1987 she was a visiting professor, first in the United States and then in Canada. She has been a member of the council of the Chinese Artists' Association and a member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association. ", + "date": "born 1939", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FinebergJonathan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fineberg, Jonathan", -"comment": "Fineberg, Jonathan. Art since 1940 : strategies of being. New York : Prentice Hall : H.N. Abrams, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangFeng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jiang, Feng", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Shanghai; alternate name: 江丰", + "date": "1910-1982", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FiorClem", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fior, Clem", -"comment": "American century : art & culture. New York : Whitney Museum of American Art in association with W.W. Norton, c1999. vol. 2.. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangGui", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jiang, Gui", + "comment": "Jacobsen, Robert D.; Appreciating China: Gifts from Ruth and Bruce Dayton, Minneapolis : Minneapolis Institute of Arts, 2002 (1588860299). Jiang Gui was a follower of Wu Wei (1459-1508), the Zhe school master of wet-ink painting", + "date": "active late 14th-early 15th century ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FirstUnitedStatesArmy", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "First United States Army", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangHong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jiang, Hong", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j27h33 Alternate names: Chiang Hung, 姜泓 Ming or Qing dynasty?", + "date": "18th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FisherDave", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fisher, Dave", -"comment": "UO AAA Library Architectural Drawing Collection. AAA Architecture student", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangJie", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jiang, Jie", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Chinese artist and sculptor, associate professor of sculpture at Central Academy of Fine Art in Beijing.", + "date": "b. 1963", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FisherDavidR", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fisher, David R.", -"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. ", -"date": "born 1938", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangShen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jiang, Shen", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j27s39 Alternate names: Chiang Shen , Jiang Can Song dynasty", + "date": "active ca. 1090 - 1138", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FisherThomas", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fisher, Thomas", -"comment": "Rieman, Timothy D. and Jean M. Burks; Complete Book of Shaker Furniture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , Publishers, 1993. Shaker furniture maker", -"date": "1823-1902", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangSong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jiang, Song", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j27s56 Alternate names: Chiang Sung, 將嵩 Ming dynasty Painted landscapes and figures following Wu Wei, but painted in a rough manner with a dry brush like Zhang Lu and his friends. --Seymour", + "date": "active ca. 1500", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FishmanKatherine", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fishman, Katherine", -"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. ", -"date": "born 1951", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangWeiqiang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jiang, Weiqiang", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese artist", + "date": "b. 1961", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FiskeFB", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fiske, F. B.", -"comment": "Nabokov, Peter and Robert Easton; Native American Architecture, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangYin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jiang, Yin", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j27xy29 Alternate names: Chiang Yin, 姜隱 Ming dynasty Painted figures, flowers, and fruits. --Seymour", + "date": "16th century ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FitchIsaac", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fitch, Isaac", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Master joiner and carpenter based in Lebanon, Connecticut who is credited for numerous works of early American domestic architecture.", -"date": "1734-1791", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangYun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jiang, Yun", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. 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", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangZhang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jiang, Zhang", + "comment": "Realms of Faith, Kaikodo Journal, vol. 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FlansburgRick", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Flansburg, Rick", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FleetwoodRichardSir", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fleetwood, Richard, Sir", -"comment": "Girouard, Mark; Elizabethan Architecture: Its Rise and Fall, 1540-1640, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. ", -"date": "active ca. 1610", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangZhaohe", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jiang, Zhaohe", + "comment": "Barnhart, Richard, James Cahill and Wu Hung; Three Thousand Years of Chinese Painting, New Haven; Beijing: Yale University Press; Foreign Languages Press, 1997. Chinese painter, specialized in human figures, particularly contemporary people of society's lowest strata.", + "date": "1904-1986", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FlemingCCPat", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fleming, C.C. 'Pat'", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Houston landscape architect", -"date": "1909-1996", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangZicheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jiang, Zicheng", + "comment": "Little, Stephen and Shawn Eichman; Taoism and the Arts of China, Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 2000. Chinese Ming painter", + "date": "active ca. late 14th-early 15th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FletcherFrankMorley", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fletcher, Frank Morley", -"comment": "Green, Nancy E. and Jessie Poesch; Arthur Wesley Dow and American Arts and Crafts, New York: American Federation of Arts; Harry N. Abrams, 1999. ", -"date": "1866-1949", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiaoBingzhen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jiao, Bingzhen", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j28b37z42 Alternate names: Chiao Ping-chen, 焦秉貞 Qing dynasty ...within the palace Western style and perspective are traceable in the female portraits of Jiao Bingzhen (1662–1722), for example Shinu tuce (‘Album of paintings of beautiful women’; Beijing, Pal. Mus.) or Shinu tuce yu (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). --DOA", + "date": "active ca. 1680 - 1720", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FletcherForbesGill", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fletcher/Forbes/Gill", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. British design studio formed by Alan Fletcher, Colin Forbes and Bob Gill that became the forerunner of Pentagram (established 1972)", -"date": "active 1962-1967", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiaoCaiyun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jiao, Caiyun", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Chiao Tsai-yun", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FleuryMichel", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fleury, Michel", -"comment": "Taralon, Jean; Observations sur le Portail Central et sur la Facade Occidentale de Notre-Dame de Paris, Bulletin Monumental, vol. 149, no. 4. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiaoXinhe", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jiao, Xinhe", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1931-1949 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981;. alternate name: 焦心河", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FlipoVincent", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Flipo, Vincent", -"comment": "Evans, Joan; Art in Mediaeval France, 987-1498, London; New York; Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1948. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FlogelErnst", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Flogel, Ernst", -"comment": "Loring, John; Louis Comfort Tiffany at Tiffany & Co., New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2002. ", -"date": "d. 1879", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JimLoganArchitects", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jim Logan Architects", + "comment": "McGregor, Suzi Moore and Nora Burba Trulsson; Living Homes: Sustainable Architecture and Design, San Francisco: Chronicle Press, 2008. American architectural firm", + "date": "active ca. 1995", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FlorensiaAdolfo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Florensia, Adolfo", -"comment": "George, Michael and Consuelo M. Correcher; Gardens of Spain, New York: Harry N. 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", -"date": "1961-ca. 1975", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FolieAP", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Folie, A.P.", -"comment": "Beirne, Francis F. ; Baltimore...A Picture History: 1858-1958, New York: Hastings House, 1957. ", -"date": "ca. 1796", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinChushi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jin, Chushi", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "late 12th–13th century ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FongA", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fong, A.", -"comment": "Bernard, Bruce; Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography, 1840-1940, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinFeng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jin, Feng", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Shanghai; lives in Changzhou, Jingsu Province.", + "date": "b. 1962", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FontaineClaire", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fontaine, Claire", -"comment": "http://the-artists.org. ", -"date": "born 1977", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinKequan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jin, Kequan", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FontcubertaJoan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fontcuberta, Joan", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Joan Fontcuberta (Barcelona, 1955) has been devoted to visual arts developing his creative work together with a wide range of criticism, theoretical, curatorial and docent activity. In 1980 he was co-founder of Photovision, a bilingual publication (Spanish & English) for which he keeps being the editor. Since 1996 he is professor in the Audiovisual Communication Program in the Universitat Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona.", -"date": "born 1955", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinKun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jin, Kun", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j32k42 Alternate names: Chin K'un, 金昆 Qing dynasty", + "date": "active ca. 1662 - 1722", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ForbesAlexanderJ", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Forbes, Alexander J.", -"comment": "Arts and Crafts Movement in California :Living the Good Life. Edited by Kenneth R. Trapp; with essays by Leslie Greene Bowman. New York : Abbeville Press, 1993. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinLan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jin, Lan", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FordCharlesHenri", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ford, Charles Henri", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Charles Henri Ford (February 10, 1913 - September 27, 2002) was an American poet, novelist, filmmaker, photographer, and collage artist best known for his editorship of the Surrealist magazine View (1940-1947) in New York City, and as the partner of the artist Pavel Tchelitchew.", -"date": "1913-2002", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ForestierJCN", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Forestier, J. C. N.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinMeisheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jin, Meisheng", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter", + "date": "1902-1989", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ForgacsPeter", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Forgacs, Peter", -"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinNong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jin, Nong", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j32n43 Alternate names: Chin Nung, 金農 Qing dynasty (b Renhe, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 1687; d 1764). Chinese painter, calligrapher and poet. He was one of the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou (see Yangzhou school). In his youth he showed promise as a poet, and his talent was appreciated by such leading scholars as Mao Qiling (1623–1716) and Zhu Yizun (1629–1709). His teacher, He Chuo (1661–1722), also praised him as a poet belonging to the tradition of the Tang-period (ad 618–907) poets Meng Haoran (689–740) and Gu Juang (c. 725–814), and as the best among his peers. Jin became a notable figure in the Nanping shi she (Nanjing Poetry Club), whose members included such distinguished literati figures and artists as Li E (1692–1752), Huang Shijun (1696–1773), Ding Jing (1696–1765) and Chen Zhuan (1668–after 1748). It was at this time that he acquired the reputation of being aloof and difficult—‘eccentric’—which did not, however, prevent him from being known and well received. He was seen frequently among the élites of the cultural and artistic centres of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, and Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, or of other cities visited during his travels. Except for a brief tenure as a family tutor, he had no paid employment. Instead, unlike the literati amateur painters, who sometimes accepted money privately, he made a living by bartering his writings and paintings. Part of his patronage came from wealthy salt merchants and officials in Yangzhou. When he approached the reigning poet, Yuan Mei, with the hope of broadening his clientele, he was good-naturedly chastised. Precarious though his circumstances often were, he indulged in refined, even sensual pleasures and took in servants known for their artistic and literary talents. A connoisseur of antiques, he amassed a notable collection of inkstones (see China, §XIII, 13) and thousands of ink rubbings. Jin’s style of calligraphy was inspired by the Han-period (206 bc–ad 220) clerical script (lishu), as seen in the inscription on his painting Bamboo (see fig.). He developed a uniquely bold, innovative style by combining thickened lateral brushstrokes with attenuated vertical or slanted strokes. In this way he attempted to re-create the engraved impression of stelae of the Northern Wei period (ad 386–534; see China, §IV, 2(vii)). Jin claimed that it was not until 1736 that he began to paint. In that year he declined candidacy for the prestigious boxue hongci (‘wide erudition’) examination offered by the Qianlong emperor (reg 1736–96). Nevertheless, he travelled to Beijing and during the journey had the opportunity to study ancient works in various art collections. An album of paintings attributed to Jin Nong (Zurich, Mus. Rietberg) includes his first attempts at landscape painting. The inscriptions show the artist’s predilection for a style of calligraphic inscription on paintings that was so rigid as to be akin to printed forms. The contrast with the fluent strokes and subtle strength seen in his calligraphic works per se is marked. Once embarked, at the age of 50, on his painting career, Jin experimented ceaselessly in a wide range of themes. In his 60s he began to explore the theme of bamboo. He also painted plum blossoms, a subject in which he was influenced by Gao Xiang (1688–1754) and Wang Shishen (1686–1759), and horses, a theme of long standing, but rarely tackled by Jin’s contemporaries except in official court painting and by Qing Feng (1740–95). In Jin’s paintings of Buddhist subjects and in his portraiture, he attempted a novel iconic approach and a distinct mode of characterization. His painting talent lay less in his technical skill than in his archaic and whimsical presentation of unusual imagery. The impact of the paintings, which are accompanied by inscriptions, is sharpened by the juxtaposition of his rigid, blocklike calligraphy and the wistful lyrics in the inscription. Jin produced paintings between the 1730s and 1764 only. Two disciples, Luo ping and Xiang Jun, are recorded as having produced works jointly with him, Luo from 1759 and Xiang from 1761. As a result of their collaborations, authentication of Jin Nong’s later works often involves careful study of the works of Luo Ping and, to a lesser extent, of Xiang Jun. Of the two it was Luo Ping who succeeded the master and who was also designated one of the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou. --DOA", + "date": "1687 - 1764", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FormicaColorcore", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Formica Colorcore", -"comment": "Neuhart, John, Marilyn Neuhart and Ray Eames; Eames Design: The Work of the Office of Charles and Ray Eames, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. Publishers, 1989. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinShangyi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jin, Shangyi", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + "date": "b. 1934", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ForrestLinn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Forrest, Linn", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. One of the contributing Forest Service architects for Timberline Lodge, Mount Hood", -"date": "active 1930s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinWenjin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jin, Wenjin", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j32w27j32 Alternate names: Chin Wen-chin, 金文璡 Ming dynasty Painted bamboo. --Seymour", + "date": "active ca. 1400 - 1450 ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ForstAverellandCo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Forst, Averell & Co.", -"comment": "Meggs, Philip B. A History of Graphic Design. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992.. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinYue", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jin, Yue", + "comment": "Weidner, Marsha, Ellen Johnston Laing, Irving Yucheng Lo, Christina Chu, and James Robinson; Views from Jade Terrace: Chinese Women Artists 1300-1912, Indianapolis: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 1988 (0847810038). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ForsterRoy", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Forster, Roy", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Curator of the VanDusen Botanical Garden in Vancouver from 1977-1996", -"date": "active 1970-2000", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ForsythJames", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Forsyth, James", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. British sculptor of ecclesiastical works; exhibited at the Royal Academy from the mid-1860s through the 1880s.", -"date": "1826-1910", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinZhao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jin, Zhao", + "comment": "Realms of Faith, Kaikodo Journal, vol. 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FortFrank", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fort, Frank", -"comment": "Chicago Daily Tribune; International Competition for a New Administration Building for the Chicago Tribune, Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune, 1923. architect, worked in New York City", -"date": "active ca. 1920", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FortiSimone", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Forti, Simone", -"comment": "Crow, Thomas; Rise of the Sixties, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996 (0300106831). ", -"date": "born 1935", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinduPeoplesCommuneSpareTimeArtGroup", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jindu People's Commune Spare-Time Art Group", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FossatiGuiseppe", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fossati, Guiseppe", -"comment": "Kinross, Patrick Balfour, Baron; Hagia Sophia, New York: Newsweek, 1972. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JingHao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jing, Hao", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j33h26 Alternate names: Ching Hao, 荊浩 Five dynasties (b either Qinshui [nr modern Jiyuan] or nr Henei, both Henan Province, c. ad 855–80; d c. 915–40). Chinese painter. Jing was the foremost of the great monumental monochrome landscape painters of the Five Dynasties period (906–60) in northern China. According to critics he was already recognized as a master among landscape painters at the end of the Tang period (618–907). In Mi Fu’s Hua shi (‘History of painting’; preface 1103) it is recorded that Jing taught Guan Tong and that later his work was studied by Li Cheng and Fan Kuan. Jing was a Confucian scholar, well versed in the Chinese classics. He may have been a minor official under Zhaozong (reg 888–904) at Bianliang (modern Kaifeng), Henan Province, or Chang’an (modern Xi’an), Shaanxi Province. However, from about the age of 35, he led a solitary life at Honggu in the Taihang Mountains, Henan, taking refuge from the fighting prior to the collapse of the Tang dynasty. He apparently supported himself there by farming but continued to paint, adopting the literary name (hao) of Hongguzi. While he appears never to have relinquished the influence of his Confucian background, his interpretations of landscape also reflect a Daoist love of nature. The subject-matter of Jing’s paintings was somewhat limited in range. In his mid-20s, while still a city-dweller, he executed a wall painting of the bodhisattva Guanyin (Skt Avalokiteshvara) on Mt Potalaka for the Shuanglin si, a temple in Bianliang. Later he was known mainly for landscapes, although apparently he also painted compositions of rocks and trees. His writings describe old gnarled pines, mossy cliffs and mysterious caves as ‘familiar companions’. His reflections on natural forms exhibit not only a close observation of nature, but also a reconciliation of Daoist and Confucian principles: ‘Every tree grows according to its natural disposition. The pine trees may grow tortuous, but they do not fall in with the deceitful; they are upright from the very beginning. … They are like diverging thoughts which must be brought into harmony’ (Sirén, 1956–8, p. 236). An early treatise on landscape painting, the Bifa ji (‘Notes on brush method’, c. 925), is attributed to Jing Hao; it reflects the characteristic attitudes of the great landscape painters of the 10th century, setting forth certain general ideas about the study and scope of painting. It deals primarily with the concept of value in painting and the ultimate criterion of good painting as truth, not in terms of outward likeness but of inner reality or spirit, reflecting a background of Confucian morality. The ‘painter of truth’ was a sage-artist who could ‘divine the emblems (hsiang) of objects and thus grasp their essence’ (Wen Fong and Watt, 1996, p. 124). It also offers a modified scheme of the Six Laws established by Xie He (fl c. 500–35) four centuries earlier (see China, §V, 5(i)) and makes comments about, and evaluations of, masters of the Tang and earlier periods. The writing reflects a preference for Tang painters who introduced new techniques, such as Wang Wei. The coarse techniques of the 9th century are considered inferior to the 8th-century fashion of ‘axe and chisel’ texturing in linear, clear and rational patterns. Concern for diversity of stroke and ink tone is expressed in theories regarding the two aspects of ‘brush’ and ‘ink’. These aspects were later treated by Guo Ruoxu and also in the Xuanhe huapu (‘Xuanhe collection of painting’; c. 1120); the latter text explains them: ‘To have brush but no ink [means that] the traces of the brush [as such] remain visible throughout, [resulting in] a want of naturalness. To have ink but no brush means that “axe and chisel” strokes are discarded and replaced by too erratic formations’ (Loehr, p. 89). The group of paintings attributed to Jing Hao are so inconsistent in execution that it is questionable whether they are in fact the work of one individual. However, all share certain general qualities, reflecting a preoccupation with the relationship between brush and ink. In defining form and texturing surfaces Jing’s brushwork is fluid, with variations both in ink tone and in width of brushstroke, as in cursive script (caoshu) calligraphy. He is credited with introducing innovations in the modelling and texturing of rock forms by use of texture strokes (cun). Another early technique visible in works associated with Jing is the use of a series of overlapping forms to build up rocks and mountains, though this is somewhat artificial. The compositions identified with Jing suggest a unity of vision not evident in earlier paintings, though they lack the convincing three-dimensional quality of later Chinese paintings. Travellers in Snow-covered Mountains (hanging scroll, Kansas City, MO, Nelson–Atkins Mus. A.), signed ‘Hongguzi’ in the lower right-hand corner, was reportedly recovered from a tomb in Shaanxi Province in the late 1930s. It is in poor condition, with some areas totally destroyed. Some minor retouching, done when it was being restored and remounted in Beijing, is not consistent with the original composition. Nevertheless, the painting is significant as a source of study on what is otherwise a virtually unknown period of Chinese painting. The monumental Kuanglu Mountains (see fig.), the best extant work attributed to Jing, is not signed but was identified with him as early as the Southern Song period (1127–1279), as indicated in a short inscription by Emperor Gaozong in the upper right-hand corner. While the painting itself is probably later, the composition may be Jing Hao’s, since the style is consistent with what is known of 10th-century landscape. It represents a range of rhythmically patterned, strongly vertical mountain forms gradually disappearing into distant haze. Visual entry into the landscape occurs at the lower left-hand corner; a road wends its way past a group of houses near the base of a waterfall and clustered mountains back to another complex of structures approximately halfway up the left-hand side of the composition. The mountain forms are balanced to the right by a level viewing area defining the rather sharp, pitched angle of the ground plane. There is a strong sense of isolation, since the few structures provide the only sense of human presence. While the painting represents a major development from earlier, more compartmentalized compositions, it lacks the sense of continuity of later 10th-century conceptions. --DOA", + "date": "active late 9th - first half 10th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FouillyEvrarddeBishop", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fouilly, Evrard de, Bishop", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 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", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Jishosai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jishosai", + "comment": "Meiji kaikaki no nishikie (Meiji Japan through woodblock prints), Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1989. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FowlerConstanceE", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fowler, Constance E.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FoxAnna", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fox, Anna", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Born in 1961 and completing her degree in Audio Visual studies at The Surrey Institute, Farnham in 1986, Anna Fox has been working in photography and video for over twenty years. Anna Fox is Professor of Photography at University for the Creative Arts at Farnham. ", -"date": "born 1961", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JitoEmpressofJapan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jito, Empress of Japan", + "comment": "Singer, Robert T. and John T Carpenter; Edo, art in Japan 1615-1868, Washington: National Galler of Art, 1998. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FoxSharon", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fox, Sharon", -"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. ", -"date": "born 1946", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FraenkelPeter", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fraenkel, Peter", -"comment": "Mazrui, Ali A.; Africans: A Triple Heritage, First Paperback edition, Boston; Toronto: Little, Brown and Company, 1986. photographer", -"date": "20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Jodiorg", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jodi.org", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Joan Heemskerk (born 1968 in Kaatsheuvel, the Netherlands) and Dirk Paesmans (born 1965 in Brussels, Belgium)", + "date": "active mid 1990s to present", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FrancesSean", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Frances, Sean", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JoeYWaiArchitectInc", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Joe Y. Wai Architect, Inc", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Vancouver-based architecture firm", + "date": "active after 1978", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FrancisandShawInc", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Francis & Shaw, Inc.", -"comment": "Landay, Jerry M.; Dome of the Rock, Deluxe edition, New York: Newsweek Book Division, 1972. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohansenPete", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Johansen, Pete", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + "date": "active 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FrancoFrancisco", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Franco, Francisco", -"comment": "Ades, Dawn et al.; Art and Power: Europe Under the Dictators 1930-45, London: Thames and Hudson, 1995. Spanish military general and fascist dictator, head of state of Spain from 1936-1975.", -"date": "1892-1975", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnAColbyandSons", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "John A. Colby and Sons", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Chicago and Evanston furniture design firm, factory and auction house; sold in 1913 to the Babson brothers and Adam Crawford, who became president. The factory closed in the 1920s.", + "date": "1869-1913", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FrancoliniFelice", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Francolini, Felice", -"comment": "Gurrieri, Francesco and Patrizia Fabbri; Palaces of Florence, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1996. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnGCraceandSon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "John G. Crace & Son", + "comment": "Victoria and Albert Museum web site. ", + "date": "active mid 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FrankDouglas", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Frank, Douglas", -"comment": "Frank, Douglas; Landscapes, Birmingham, MI: Halsted Gallery, 1984. ", -"date": "born 1948", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnHBuffordsSons", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "John H. Bufford's Sons", + "comment": "Meggs, Philip B. A History of Graphic Design. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992.. 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", -"date": "active 1721-1727", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnSBradstreetandCo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "John S. Bradstreet and Co.", + "comment": "Kaplan, Wendy; 'The Art That is Life': The Arts and Crafts Movement in America, 1875-1920, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1987. Minneapolis, MN", + "date": "late 19th-early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FraserFurnessandHewitt", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fraser, Furness and Hewitt", -"comment": "O'Gorman, James F.; Architecture of Frank Furness, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1973. ", -"date": "1867-1871", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnTVansantManufacturingCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "John T. Vansant Manufacturing Company", + "comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. Philadelphia", + "date": "1881-1884", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FrazierSusan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Frazier, Susan", -"comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", -"date": "active ca. 1972", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnWAyersCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "John W. 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", -"date": "born 1940", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonandWallwork", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Johnson and Wallwork", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FreemanFrank", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Freeman, Frank", -"comment": "Greiff, Constance M.; Lost America, From the Mississippi to the Pacific, Princeton: Pyne Press, 1972. 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American architect who worked in Detroit with Albert Kahn Associates, Inc. from 1914-1967", -"date": "1888-1975", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonChester", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Johnson, Chester", + "comment": "Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute; Masterpieces of American furniture from the Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, NY: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1999. Albany and New York", + "date": "active 1819-1854", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FreundDavid", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Freund, David", -"comment": "Hume, Sandy, Ellen Manchester, Gary Metz and Nathan Lyons; Great West: Real/Ideal, Boulder: University of Colorado at Boulder, 1977. American photographer", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonEdmund", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Johnson, Edmund", + "comment": "Barter, Judith A.; Apostles of Beauty: Arts and Crafts From Britain to Chicago, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. Irish metalsmith", + "date": "ca. 1840-1900", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FreyMax", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Frey, Max", -"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. Max Adolf Peter Frey", -"date": "b. 1874", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonT", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Johnson, T.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FrezzaH", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Frezza, H.", -"comment": "Borsi, Franco; Bernini, New York: Rizzoli, 1980. ", -"date": "active early 17th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FriedRobert", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fried, Robert", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from original printed materials donated by Tom Cherrytree, Eugene, Oregon.. American graphic designer based in San Francisco who specialized in rock concert poster designs.", -"date": "active ca. 1965", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonTR", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Johnson, T.R.", + "comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999 (0393047237). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FriendsofFinnishHandicrafts", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Friends of Finnish Handicrafts", -"comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. ", -"date": "active late20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FriesJohn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fries, John", -"comment": "Greiff, Constance M.; Lost America, From the Mississippi to the Pacific, Princeton: Pyne Press, 1972. born in Bavaria, trained in the United States as an architect builder, worked in San Antonio", -"date": "1818-1880", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonThomas", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Johnson, Thomas", + "comment": "Collinson, Patrick, Nigel Ramsay and Margaret Sparks; History of the Canterbury Cathedral, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995. ", + "date": "active mid 17th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FrimodigJohnRennell", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Frimodig, John Rennell", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "died 1995", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonWallworkandJohnson", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Johnson, Wallwork & Johnson", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. American architectural firm based in Oregon.", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FryBenjamin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fry, Benjamin", -"comment": "Greene, Rachel; Internet Art, London: Thames & Hudson, 2004. ", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonBurgeeArchitects", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Johnson/Burgee Architects", + "comment": "Soros, Susan Weber; E.W. Godwin: Aesthetic Movement Architect and Designer, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999. ", + "date": "1968-1991", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FryeGillanMolinaroArchitects", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Frye Gillan Molinaro Architects", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Chicago-based architectural firm specializing in the design and construction of public and academic libraries", -"date": " ", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnstonHollisE", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Johnston, Hollis E.", + "comment": "archINFORM.net. Architect. Student at UO ca. 1919-1920. Principal, Hollis E. Johnston, Architect, Portland, OR; Partner, [Arthur Glenn] Stanton and Johnston, Architects, Portland, OR, 1940-1945;", + "date": "d. 1966", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuLin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fu, Lin", -"comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. Fu Lin was born in Yuanping, Shanxi province. In 1963 Fu joined the People's Liberation Army. He studied woodblock printing informally and, by 1964, his work already was featured in the Third National People's Liberation Army Art Exhibition. He is a member of both the Chinese Printmakers' Association and Chinese Artists' Association. ", -"date": "born 1941", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnstonJewettN", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Johnston, Jewett N.", + "comment": "Clark, Robert Judson; Arts and Crafts Movement in America, 1876-1916, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972. instructor of journalism, carpentry and architectural drawing in San Luis Obispo", + "date": "active early 1900s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuLongan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fu, Long'an", -"comment": "Rawski, Evelyn S. and Jessica Rawson; China: The Three Emperors, 1662-1795, London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2005. ", -"date": "active 18th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnstonLawrence", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Johnston, Lawrence", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuShan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fu, Shan", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). f32s34 (b Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 12 July 1607; d Songzhuang, Shanxi Province, 23 July 1684). Chinese calligrapher, painter, poet and scholar–official. He was born in northern China to a scholarly family. When he was only 15 he passed the local examination, the first of three stages in the civil service examination ladder, to receive his xiucai degree and in 1625 became a stipendiary. Following his failure in the next stage—the provincial examinations—he went to study at the San Li Academy in Taiyuan. There he gained a reputation as a man of high moral character, in part because of his aversion to widespread official corruption in the late part of the Ming period (1368–1644); this may have hindered his advancement to an official career. After the Manchu conquest and the subsequent establishment of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), Fu Shan’s loyalty to the preceding dynasty led to his imprisonment and torture. In 1655, however, his students secured his release, and he began a period of travel in the northern provinces, visiting famous mountains, including Mt Hua in Shaanxi Province and Mt Tai in Shandong Province. During this period he worked as a physician and won renown as a poet. At the age of 72, Fu Shan was urged to take the boxue hongci examination, which Qing officials hoped would bring eminent scholars into the administration. He refused but was compelled nonetheless to journey to Beijing to pay his respects to the court. When he reached the city gates Fu Shan would go no further, throwing himself to the ground in protest. His action was interpreted as a gesture of obeisance, and he was allowed to return to Shanxi with the title of Secretary of the Grand Secretariat, an honour which he never acknowledged. He spent his later years in Songzhuang, south of Taiyuan, and died there. As a calligrapher, Fu Shan is regarded as one of the most original talents of his time; he favoured deliberately misshapen characters and once avowed that he preferred ‘deformities to slipperiness, the spontaneous to the premeditated’. A similar inclination is seen in his paintings, which are mostly of pines and rocks, bamboo or landscapes. An undated landscape (see fig.) represents a river valley winding among cliffside houses and leafy trees. Thin, even brushstrokes define the form of the rock groupings and provide texture; the thickly wooded foreground landscape becomes increasingly light and barren as the valley yields to distant peaks, and zigzag movements create a sense of depth. In the centre of the painting an overhang merges confusingly with adjacent cliffs so that there is no clear sense of which rock face precedes another. Like Wu bin, Fu Shan also painted fanciful or fantastic landscapes. Some examples of this kind on album leaves depict flamelike peaks and pinnacles, meandering streams and waterfalls. These visionary landscapes are quite different from the plain riverscapes of the Southern school artists of the Jiangnan region and the more conservative works of the Northern school landscapists.--DOA", -"date": "1602-1683", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnstonWilliamL", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Johnston, William L.", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Carpenter-architect who taught architectural drawing at the Carpenter's Company of Philadelphia.", + "date": "1811-1849", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuZhigui", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fu, Zhigui", -"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese painter from Wuqing, Hebei Province, graduated 1953 from the Central Art Academy; worked as a propaganda artist during the Cultural Revolution.", -"date": "b. 1931", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Johosai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Johosai", + "comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuZhisen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fu, Zhisen", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuZhu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fu, Zhu", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Jokasai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jokasai", + "comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuchsMaximilian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fuchs, Maximilian", -"comment": "Wolff, Arnold; Der Kölner Dom, Köln: Verlag Kölner Dom, 1995. ", -"date": "active early 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FudeyaTokan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fudeya Tokan", -"comment": "Tokyo National Museum; 100th Anniversary of the Japan Art Institute: Lineage of Modern Japanese Art, Tokyo: Japan Art Institute, 1998. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JollyLawrence", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jolly, Lawrence", + "comment": "Girouard, Mark; Elizabethan Architecture: Its Rise and Fall, 1540-1640, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. ", + "date": "active late 16th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuggerRaimond", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fugger, Raimond", -"comment": "Metropolitan Museum of Art; Islamic World, Tokyo: Dai Nippon Printing Co., 1987. Member of the Augberg mercantile-banking family. Owner of the National Gallery of Art's Nuremberg Chronicle, this version was especially bound for him.", -"date": "1489-1535", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JonanEtetsu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jonan, Etetsu", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. A Zen Monk", + "date": "1444-1507", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FujiiKoyu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fujii, Koyu", -"comment": "Tokyo National Museum; 100th Anniversary of the Japan Art Institute: Lineage of Modern Japanese Art, Tokyo: Japan Art Institute, 1998. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JonesEdward", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jones, Edward", + "comment": "McGregor, Suzi Moore and Nora Burba Trulsson; Living Homes: Sustainable Architecture and Design, San Francisco: Chronicle Press, 2008. American architect in Phoenix, AZ. ", + "date": "active late 20th early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FujimakiYoshio", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fujimaki, Yoshio", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1909-1935", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JonesGeorgeH", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jones, George H.", + "comment": "http://communities.aia.org/sites/hdoaa/wiki/Wiki%20Pages/ahd1022587.aspx. Oregon", + "date": "died 1950", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FujitaBunzo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fujita, Bunzo", -"comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", -"date": "1861-1934", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JonesHalsey", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jones, Halsey", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "active ca. 1945", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FujiwaranoYorimichi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fujiwara no Yorimichi", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Founder of Byodo-in temple", -"date": "990-1074", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JonesMark", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jones, Mark", + "comment": "Name used by John Reynolds, architect, Eugene, Oregon. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FujiwaraTakaaki", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fujiwara, Takaaki", -"comment": "Toda, Teisuke and Toshio Ebine; Suibokuga to Chusei Emaki, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. ", -"date": "1351", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JonesNoble", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jones, Noble", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Born in London, was a founding Georgia colonist, military officer, plantation owner and politician", + "date": "1702-1775", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FukaseMasahisa", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fukase, Masahisa", -"comment": "Szarkowski, John and Shoji Yamagishi; New Japanese Photography, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1974. ", -"date": "born 1934", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JonesWalter", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jones, Walter", + "comment": "http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-chastleton. wool merchant", + "date": "active early 17th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FukudaTamotsu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fukuda, Tamotsu", -"comment": "Meiji kaikaki no nishikie (Meiji Japan through woodblock prints), Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1989. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JongkeesJanHendrik", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jongkees, Jan Hendrik", + "comment": "worldcat. ", + "date": "active 1941-1971", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FulperPotteryCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fulper Pottery Company", -"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. ", -"date": "1860-ca. 1935", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JoorHarrietCoulter", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Joor, Harriet Coulter", + "comment": "Tucker, Kevin; Gustav Stickley and the American Arts & Crafts Movement, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 2010. Textile artist in Stickley's Craftsman Workshops", + "date": "1875-1965", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Fult", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fult", -"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Joran", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Joran", + "comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FunandFrolicInc", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fun and Frolic, Inc.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Madison Heights, Michigan", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FunMagazine", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Fun Magazine", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. See http://www.uflib.ufl.edu/UFDC/?c=punch&b=UF00078627 for full run online", -"date": "1861-1901", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Joso", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Joso", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1855-1910", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FunkeW", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Funke, W.", -"comment": "Chicago Daily Tribune; International Competition for a New Administration Building for the Chicago Tribune, Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune, 1923. Architect, worked in Germany", -"date": "active ca. 1920", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JostHeinrich", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jost, Heinrich", + "comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", + "date": "b. 1889", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuretLouisTheodors", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Furet, Louis-Theodors", -"comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", -"date": "1816-1900", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JoyceRichard", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Joyce, Richard", + "comment": "Smith, Greg and Sarah Hyde; Walter Crane, 1845-1915: Artist, Designer, Socialist, London: Lund Humphries, in association with the Whitworth Art Gallery, University of Manchester. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FurnessandEvans", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Furness and Evans", -"comment": "O'Gorman, James F.; Architecture of Frank Furness, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1973. ", -"date": "1881-1886", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JuJie", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ju, Jie", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j36j29 Alternate names: Chü Chieh, 居節 Period uncertain", + "date": "active ca. 1525 - 1583", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FurnessandHewitt", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Furness and Hewitt", -"comment": "O'Gorman, James F.; Architecture of Frank Furness, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1973. ", -"date": "1871-1875", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JuLian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ju, Lian", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j36l34 Alternate names: Chü Lien, 居廉 Qing dynasty Lingnan school: Term used to refer to a style and movement established by a small group of painters in Guangdong Province who studied in Japan in the early 20th century. Lingnan (Chin.: ‘south of the mountains’) is often used less properly for all artists from Guangdong. The main figures of the school were Gao jianfu, his brother Gao Qifeng (1889–1935) and their compatriot Chen Shuren (1883–1949). All three came from Panyu County near Guangzhou [Canton] and learnt the foundations of traditional Chinese painting from the Guangdong master Ju Lian (1828–1904), who specialized in bird-and-flower subjects. Ju Lian painted in the ‘boneless’ (mogu) style practised by the 17th-century master Yun Shouping. However, he also pioneered or perfected new colouring and ink-spreading techniques that were to influence Lingnan school artists, among them ‘splashed water’ (zhuang shui) and ‘sprinkled powder’ (zhuang fen). In the latter, white powder was sprinkled on to the coloured areas, especially flower petals, to produce a bright, somewhat glossy surface. In the former, the ‘boneless’ technique for painting leaves was extended by carefully controlling the flow of dripped water to form the borders. All of Ju Lian’s followers, most notably Chen Shuren, mastered the style of combining such techniques with meticulous attention to naturalistic detail, which imparted a freshness to studies of small birds and insects. This type of painting (e.g. Hong Kong, Chin. U., A.G.) is usually in album leaf or fan painting format; large hanging scrolls were painted only occasionally, as in an impressive undated work by Ju Lian, Rocks, Insects and Flowers (Guangzhou, Guangdong Prov. Mus.). --DOA", + "date": "1828 - 1904", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FurnessEvansandCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Furness, Evans and Company", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1886-1932", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JuMoushi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ju, Moushi", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j36m42s43 Alternate names: Chü Mou-shih, 居懋時 Ming dynasty", + "date": "active ca. 1600", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FurnitureShop", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Furniture Shop", -"comment": "Clark, Robert Judson; Arts and Crafts Movement in America, 1876-1916, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972. established by Lucia and Arthur Mathews; distinctive for use of colorful designs on furniture", -"date": "active ca. 1905-1920", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JuQing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ju, Qing", + "comment": "Weidner, Marsha, Ellen Johnston Laing, Irving Yucheng Lo, Christina Chu, and James Robinson; Views from Jade Terrace: Chinese Women Artists 1300-1912, Indianapolis: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 1988 (0847810038). Qing dynasty Third-generation descendant of a distinguished family of bird-and-flower painters. From Geshan, Guangdong province. Married Yu Dan. Poet, left a collection entitled "The Songs of Grass from a Mild Spring Chamber." Painted in the style of Yun Shoubing; specialized in flowers, birds, and butterflies. --Weidner", + "date": "mid 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FurnitureShopoftheRoycrofters", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Furniture Shop of the Roycrofters", -"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Green. American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design. Los Angeles, Calif. : Los Angeles County Museum of Art ; Boston : Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown, c1990. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JuckerCarlJakob", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jucker, Carl Jakob", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FurtwanglerAdolf", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Furtwangler, Adolf", -"comment": "Brommer, Frank; Sculptures of the Parthenon" Metopes, Frieze, Pediments, Cult, Statue, English edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 1979. author", -"date": "1853-1907", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuruhashiTeiji", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Furuhashi, Teiji", -"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", -"date": "1960-1995", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Jugyoku", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jugyoku", + "comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FurukawaAkira", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Furukawa, Akira", -"comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. Honolulu-based photographer", -"date": "second quarter 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuruyamaMoromasa", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Furuyama, Moromasa", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1712-1772", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JuhlinSvenEric", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Juhlin, Sven-Eric", + "comment": "Raizman, David S. History of Modern Design. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2004. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuruyamaMoroshige", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Furuyama, Moroshige", -"comment": "Meech, Julia and Jane Oliver; Designed for Pleasure: The World of Edo Japan in Prints and Paintings, 1680-1860, New York; Seattle: Asia Society; University of Washington Press, 2008. ", -"date": "1678-1698", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FuturefarmersFirm", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Futurefarmers (Firm)", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1995-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JukiIida", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Juki, Iida", + "comment": "Cave, Philip; Creating Japanese Gardens, Rutland, Vermont: Charles E. Tuttle Company, Inc., 1993. Japanese garden designer", + "date": "third quarter 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FXFOWLEArchitects", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "FXFOWLE Architects", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. New York and Dubai", -"date": "1978-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JuliusIIPope", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Julius II, Pope", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1503-1513", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GR", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "G. R.", -"comment": "Wilkie, Angus; Biedermeier, Second edition, New York; London: Abbeville Press Publishers, 2006. furniture maker", -"date": "active 1817", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JumellePhotographique", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jumelle Photographique", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GabrielEdithM", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gabriel, Edith M.", -"comment": "Arwas, Victor; Art Deco, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. sculptor", -"date": "active ca. 1925", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JumonjiBishin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jumonji, Bishin", + "comment": "Szarkowski, John and Shoji Yamagishi; New Japanese Photography, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1974. ", + "date": "born 1947", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GabrielRen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gabriel, Ren", -"comment": "Brunhammer, Yvonne and Suzanne Tise; Decorative Arts in France, 1900-1942, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1990. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Junayd", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Junayd", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. from Iraq; Mongol painter of miniatures and leading illustrator of the Jalayirid school. His style, using richly dressed figures in formal settings, deeply influenced later developments in Persian painting. Very little is known about Junayd's life. He was a pupil of the painter Shams ad-Din, and from 1382 to 1410 he worked in the service of Sultan Ahmad of the Mongol Jalayirid dynasty of Baghdad. He perpetuated the traditions of the great artists of the late Il Khan period of the Tabriz school, where Shams ad-Din had been trained. The result was a jewellike, multifaceted art that formed some of the basic patterns later adapted by Persian miniature painters. His work includes illustrations for Khwaju Kermani's Khamseh (“Five Poems”), completed in 1396, and margin illustrations for Sultan Ahmad's Divan. --Encyclopedia Britannica", + "date": "fl. 14th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaedeMarc", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gaede, Marc", -"comment": "Hume, Sandy, Ellen Manchester, Gary Metz and Nathan Lyons; Great West: Real/Ideal, Boulder: University of Colorado at Boulder, 1977. American photographer", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JungnikHedwig", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jungnik, Hedwig", + "comment": "Fiedler, Jeannine and Peter Feierabend; Bauhaus, Cologne: Konemann, 2000. ", + "date": "active ca. 1922", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaficZiyah", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gafic, Ziyah", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Ziyah Gafić was born in Sarajevo, where he graduated in Comparative literature. Since 1999 he has been travelling extensively and covered major events in more then forty countries. ", -"date": "born 1980", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Juran", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Juran", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j36r22 Alternate names: Chü-jan, 巨然 Five dynasties (b Zhongling [modern Jin xian], Jiangxi Province, or Jiangning [modern Nanjing], Jiangsu Province; fl ad 975–93). Chinese painter. Juran and his predecessor Dong yuan practised what was known in the Northern Song period (960–1127) as scholar painting (shidaifu hua) and are widely regarded as founders of the so-called Southern school of scholar–amateur idealist painting. Juran was initially a Buddhist monk in Jiangning, the Southern Tang (ad 937–75) capital. After Tang capitulation to the Northern Song in 975, he moved to the Song capital of Bianliang (Kaifeng) where, living in the Kaiyuan Temple, he produced landscape scrolls and murals and achieved fame as a painter. Between 985 and 993, Su Yijian, scholar at the Hanlin Academy, built two studio-pavilions east and west of the Jade Hall, part of the Hanlin Academy, and commanded Juran to paint their exterior walls. Juran produced Yanlan xiaojing (‘Smokey mountain vapours at dawn’), which became celebrated. Hong Zunyi wrote in his Hanyuan qunshu that Juran’s ‘brush traces [were] wild and untrammelled like Li Cheng, yet he achieved the marvels of his own distinct style’. Before 1059 Liu Daoshun ( fl mid-11th century) ranked Juran in the third class of painters of landscapes and woods, as one ‘excellent at capturing the essential flavour of scenes’. In 1075 Guo Ruoxu ( fl 11th century) wrote, ‘woods and trees are not his forte’, although otherwise his ‘brush and ink are elegant and moist; he excels in misty, vaporous effects [in painting], tall and expansive desolate vistas of mountains and streams’. Shen Gua (1030–94) wrote, ‘Monk Juran followed the methods of Dong Yuan, attaining the utmost in marvellous principles. Both their works are best viewed from afar. Their brushwork is rather cursory, not resembling anything at close range. But from a distance objects and scenes emerge brilliantly, inspiring profound feelings and distant thoughts, as if one were contemplating unknown lands’. Mi Fu (see Mi, (2)), writing c. 1100, gives the most detail about Juran’s paintings and his techniques. He observed that ‘Juran followed Dong Yuan. There are many paintings extant with pure and moist vapours achieving a natural and naive quality in their construction. In his youth Juran used too many alum-heads [on the mountain slopes, but] in old age he attained a lofty flavour in unassertiveness’. On a Juran painting entitled The Ocean Wilderness (untraced), Mi wrote, partly in verse, ‘At the river’s edge by the ocean wilderness the vistas are broad, woods are far, mists dispersed, pale to the ends of the skies; evening tides rise up by the wooded hamlet, stars in array, the night skies over the fishing village are alive’, giving an impression of thematic content and imagery. Mi also noted the similarity between Juran’s works and those of Liu Daoren (‘Daoist Liu’), also a follower of Dong Yuan. The Xuanhe huapu (‘Xuanhe collection of painting’; compiled before 1119), a catalogue of Emperor Huizong’s collection, lists 136 works ascribed to Juran, indicating the high regard in which he was held. These include six sets of six panels, four sets of four panels, eight triptychs and twelve double panels. Panels were hung side by side or mounted as screens to create a broad, and in the case of six-panel series, horizontal panorama. The Xuanhe huapu also describes many of the motifs used in Juran’s works: Besides pinnacled ranges, mountain caverns, between wooded glens in his landscapes, he painted pebbles, pines and cedars, bamboo, rushes and grasses in mutual correspondence. With lonely streams and narrow paths, bamboo fences and thatched huts, broken bridges and precarious plank roads, his paintings exude the flavour of real mountain scenery. Some people say that his substantive style is soft and weak. This is not so. The ancients used to say, ‘[A painting that has] secluded places in which one can live, level areas where one can roam, nature-made places that amaze one, sheer drops and precipitous cliffs that frighten one, is truly a good painting.’ While Juran’s work is fine and fragmented, its spirit is rather like this … his painting of water, with crashing waves and billowing foam, causes people’s hair to stand on end, with the smoke and clouds transforming right before our eyes. The importance of Juran in Chinese painting since the early 12th century cannot be overestimated. Mi Fu extolled Juran and Dong Yuan’s unassertive style of misty southern hills and condemned the work of almost every other artist. In particular, he criticized the vigorous representation of hoary northern mountains with angular, granite crags as vulgar and extravagantly attention-seeking. Mi also initiated, with mixed emotions, a reverence for Li cheng, who used ink sparingly, ‘as if it were gold’. Early writers’ references to Li Cheng’s sparing use of ink and Juran’s adoption of Li Cheng’s style, and to reconstructions of Mi Fu’s own works, suggest that Mi promoted a rather amorphous style of painting, relying on dextrous use of graded ink wash, sometimes extremely pale, deployed over large areas of the painting surface. Subsequent scholar–gentry criticism tended to follow suit and extol the southern Dong–Ju and Li–Guo (Li Cheng and Guo Xi) styles. In the Yuan period (1279–1368) scholar–amateur painters, notably the Four Masters of the Yuan—Huang Gongwang, Ni Zan, Wu Zhen and Wang Meng—followed the Dong–Ju style as perceived through attributed works. An important feature was the ‘hemp-fibre stroke’ ( pima cun) used for texture modelling, moistened with graded ink wash to accentuate light and dark. By the 14th century, a limited vocabulary of tree groupings and mountain forms had become established as the Dong–Ju mode. Many unsigned attributions to Juran in the National Palace Museum, Taipei, feature the ‘hemp-fibre stroke’, as finalized in the Yuan, notably Xiao Yi zhuan ‘Lanting xu’ (‘Xiao Yi steals [Wang Xizhi’s] “Orchid Pavilion Preface”’), a Yuan copy of a late Northern Song composition; Nangqin huaihe (‘Cherished companions: crane and lute’), a 14th-century accretion; Qiushan tu (‘Autumn mountains’), a 15th-century close copy of a Yuan composition; and Qiushan wendao (‘Asking the way in autumn mountains’), a 15th-century accretion. Two earlier attributions from the late 11th to early 12th centuries are Cengyan congshu (‘Layered peaks and clumps of woods’; untraced) and Qishan lanruo (‘Buddhist retreat by stream and mountain’; see fig.), the latter a title given in the Xuanhe huapu as a six-panel panorama. These works feature a less clearly defined ‘hemp-fibre stroke’ and less schematized mountain contours and echo woods and trees, reminiscent of those mentioned by early writers in connection with Juran, and alum-heads as described by Mi Fu. Using moist, pale ink wash in lieu of linear ‘hemp-fibre stroke’ modelling, they represent an earlier stage in the evolution of the Juran tradition. The dramatic contrast in light and shade and disappearance into mist are typical of early Northern Song rendering. --DOA", + "date": "active ca. 960 - 980", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GageAustinE", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gage, Austin E.", -"comment": "Rieman, Timothy D. and Jean M. Burks; Complete Book of Shaker Furniture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , Publishers, 1993. Shaker furniture maker", -"date": "active mid 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JutokusaiTachibanaHogyoku", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jutokusai, Tachibana Hogyoku", + "comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaglianiOliver", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gagliani, Oliver", -"comment": "Hume, Sandy, Ellen Manchester, Gary Metz and Nathan Lyons; Great West: Real/Ideal, Boulder: University of Colorado at Boulder, 1977. American photography", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaiQi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gai, Qi", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g23q22 Alternate names: Kai Ch'i, 改琦 Qing dynasty (1774-1829)", -"date": "1774 - 1829", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KKFachschuleHaida", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "K. K. Fachschule Haida", + "comment": "Roder, Sabine, Gerhard Storck, and Michael Fehr; Deutsches Museum fur Kunst in Handel und Gewerbe, 1909-1919, Antwerp: Pandora, 1997. Glass manufacturer", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GakuoZokyo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gakuo, Zokyo", -"comment": "Zaigai Nihon no shihō (Japanese Art: Selections from Western Collections) v.3, Tokyo: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1979. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GALACommittee", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "GALA Committee", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. A group comprised primarily of students and faculty from the University of Georgia and CalArts", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KMSeifertandCo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "K. M. Seifert & Co.", + "comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999;. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaleyevBulat", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Galeyev, Bulat", -"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. founder of art and technology group SKB Promotei", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GalliaAndrewB", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gallia, Andrew B.", -"comment": "Haselberger, Lothar; Maping Augustin Rome, Portsmouth, RI: Journal of Archaeology, 2002. ", -"date": "21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KOS", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "K.O.S.", + "comment": "American century : art & culture. New York : Whitney Museum of American Art in association with W.W. Norton, c1999. vol. 2.. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GallioTolomeoCardinal", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gallio, Tolomeo, Cardinal", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -"date": "1526-1607", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GalnerSarah", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Galner, Sarah", -"comment": "Meyer, Marilee Boyd; Inspiring Reform: Boston's Arts and Crafts Movement, Wellesley: Davis Museum and Cultural Center, 1997. ", -"date": "active ca. 1915", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/kmarchitektur", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "k_m.architektur", + "comment": "Roth, Manuela; Ecological Living, Kempen: teNeus Verlag, 2009. German architectural firm", + "date": "active ca. 1996-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GalushaElijah", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Galusha, Elijah", -"comment": "Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute; Masterpieces of American furniture from the Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, NY: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1999. ", -"date": "1804-1871", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KabukidoEnkyo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kabukido, Enkyo", + "comment": "Kobayashi, Tadashi, Taishu Komatsu and Shugu Asano; Ukiyoe, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. Japanese Ukiyo-e Printmaker", + "date": "1749-1803", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GanAlekseiM", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gan, Aleksei M.", -"comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KacEduardo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kac, Eduardo", + "comment": "Heartney, Eleanor; Art & Today, New York: Phaidon Press, Inc., 2008. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ganbun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ganbun", -"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. an artist famous for his inlays of miniscule ants", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GannettAlison", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gannett, Alison", -"comment": "McGregor, Suzi Moore and Nora Burba Trulsson; Living Homes: Sustainable Architecture and Design, San Francisco: Chronicle Press, 2008. American designer and builder", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KacosJeff", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kacos, Jeff", + "comment": "Rutz, Miriam Easton; Public Gardens of Michigan, East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2002. American landscape architect", + "date": "active 1990s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GannettHenry", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gannett, Henry", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American geographer who is described as the 'Father of the Quadrangle (geography)' which is the basis for topographical maps in the United States", -"date": "1846-1914", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KagamiKozo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kagami, Kozo", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Traveled to Germany to study the techniques of making and decorating crystal glass at the National Stuttgart School of Arts and Crafts. His mentor was the renowned glass artist Wilhelm von Eiff.", + "date": "1896-1985", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaoCen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gao, Cen", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g26c28 Alternate names: Kao Ts'en, 高岑 Qing dynasty One of the Eight Masters of Jinling: Term used to designate eight leading members of the Nanjing School of painting who were active in the second half of the 17th century. They were Gong xian, Fan Qi Ye Xin, Zou Zhe, Gao Cen, Hu Cao, Wu Hong and Xie Sun.--DOA", -"date": "active ca. 1670", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KahnGus", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kahn, Gus", + "comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaoFenghan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gao, Fenghan", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g26f27h24 Alternate names: Kao Feng-han, 高鳳瀚 Qing dynasty (b Jiaozhou (modern Jiao xian), Shandong Province, 1683; d ?Shandong Province, 1748–9). Chinese painter, calligrapher, seal-carver, collector and poet. The son of a minor official in charge of local education, Gao developed an interest in poetry, painting and seal-carving in his early youth, when he also began to collect old seals and inkstones. The great poet Wang Shizhen took a liking to him and left instructions before his death that Gao be admitted into the ranks of his disciples. A relative of the poet, Wang Qilei, also provided Gao with some formal instruction in the art of painting, beyond what he could learn from his father, an amateur painter of orchids and bamboo. Gao’s official career did not begin until 1729, when he took up an appointment as assistant magistrate of She xian, Anhui Province. In 1734 a new assignment took him to Taizhou, east of Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province. In 1736, having become entangled in a legal dispute involving a chief commissioner of the salt gabelle, he was briefly imprisoned; this and his deteriorating health, which resulted in the paralysis of his right hand, inevitably led to his resignation from officialdom. His physical disability compelled him to paint with his left hand and this produced a dramatic change in his style. The former ease, assurance and strength, as displayed in such paintings from the 1720s to the mid-1730s as Peony by the Grotto (see fig.) were never repeated. His calligraphy, however, which had previously betrayed his penchant for the mannered repetition of specific sets of movement, rhythm and cadence, evolved and matured. The earlier tremulous, childlike strokes gave way to increasingly steady pacing and controlled rhythm. Although the uniqueness of Gao’s style set him apart from the contemporary art scene, it also gave him a degree of notoriety, even fame. Cast as an eccentric, he was strongly associated with the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou (and sometimes counted as a ninth; see Yangzhou school), although his sojourns in that city rarely lasted long. He is more accurately described as a Shandong artist who, for most of his life, fashioned his vision in response to artistic currents in that province. A series of paintings in album format (1723; Hong Kong, Bei Shan Tang Col.) shows not only that he was keenly aware of the local artistic heritage as exemplified by such minor artists as Yang Han and Wang Yushi (both active a generation or two earlier than Gao, and whose paintings he collected), but also that he occasionally affected their styles. In the darkened tonality and repeated forms of his later works, there is a faint echo of such Shandong precursors as Fa ruozhen, whose individualistic landscapes featured ambiguous renderings of form and bold contrasts of light and shade. In addition to paintings by Gao on the themes of landscape, ancient trees (see fig.) and crows, and flowers and plants, eight portraits of the artist are extant, painted by followers, with the background sketched in by Gao himself. Some bear laudatory comments from friends and acquaintances and reflect the image-consciousness to which several of his contemporaries were also prone. Gao’s literary works include Nanfu Shanren quanji (‘Complete works of Nanfu Shanren [Gao]’; known to have survived in manuscript form), Nanfu Shanren shiji leigao (‘Selection of poems by Nanfu Shanren’; Shanghai, 1919) and Nanfu Shanren xiaowen cungao (‘Surviving essays by Nanfu Shanren’; Shanghai, 1983). Yanshi (‘History of Inkstones’; 4 juan) was published only in 1849 as a result of the funding and collaboration of later admirers, Wang Xiang (1789–1852), Wang Yuesheng (c. 1788–1841) and Wu Xizhai (1799–1870).--DOA", -"date": "1683 - 1747", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaoJianfu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gao, Jianfu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g26j26f32 Alternate names: Kao Chien-fu (Kao Lun), 高劍父, Gao Lun Modern (b Panyu County, Guangdong Province, 12 Oct 1879; d Macao, 22 May 1951). Chinese painter. He was one of the principal founders of the Lingnan school of painting in southern China in the 1920s and 1930s. He sought to modernize the Chinese art world by introducing new painting techniques and through such innovations as public art exhibitions and art classes in public institutions. The three founders of the Lingnan school—Gao Jianfu, his younger brother Gao Qifeng (1889–1935), and Chen Shuren (1883–1949)—all served their apprenticeships in traditional Chinese painting at the studio of Ju Lian (1828–1904) in Lishan in Panyu County. Between 1892 and 1898 Gao studied and executed paintings of birds, flowers and insects in Ju Lian’s style and, under the patronage of a wealthy collector, Wu Deyi (d c. 1920), made numerous copies of paintings of the Song (960–1279) and Yuan (1279–1368) periods in Wu’s collection. In 1903 Gao enrolled at the Guangzhou (Canton) Christian College, where he studied Western painting under Mai La (a Frenchman). Two years later he became a teacher at an elementary school. These were formative years, not only artistically but also in Gao’s exposure to the turbulent political and intellectual currents of the time, which made him increasingly open to revolutionary ideology. To continue his artistic studies, Gao travelled to Tokyo in 1905, followed by Gao Qifeng and Chen Shuren, and soon became a member of the Alliance Society (Tongmeng hui), a precursor of the Chinese Nationalist Party (Guomindang or KMT). In his bid to forge a new visual language, Gao turned to subjects found in Japanese painting, particularly lions, tigers, hawks and eagles set in picturesque landscapes, which were fused with a naturalism and vigour quite new to contemporary Chinese painting. He also introduced a romantic element by his frequent use of mists and snow and by underscoring allegorical messages. When Gao returned to Guangzhou in 1908 he helped establish a branch of the Alliance Society under cover of a painting shop. He worked for the Alliance until the end of the 1911 uprising that marked the end of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), and the establishment of the Republic (1912–49). In 1912 he withdrew from politics and moved to Shanghai with his brother. There he opened his own publishing house, the most significant product of which was The True Record (Zhenxiang huabao), a magazine containing photographs as well as drawings and text closely linked to politics. He also pioneered the public art exhibition, showing (and selling) his work in Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Guangzhou and Hong Kong. In 1916 the Gao brothers moved back to Guangzhou and Jianfu became a member of the Guangdong Industrial Art Commission, head of the Provincial Industrial School and founder of the Spring Slumber Studio (Chunshui huayuan), where his students and associate artists became known as the Lingnan Painters. Characteristic of the New Chinese-style Painting (Xin guohua) they created was the fusion of Japanese and Western artistic values, such as perspective, atmosphere and chiaroscuro, with traditional Chinese brushwork. Steed Hualiu in Wind and Rain (1925), the Five-storey Pavilion (1926) and Evening Bell at the Misty Temple (undated) are typical paintings of the new movement. In 1931 Gao travelled to Burma, India, Ceylon, Persia and Egypt. On his return to China, he wrote several books on his experiences and took up a post at the National Sun Yat-sen university, Guangzhou. In 1935 he became visiting professor at the Central University in Nanjing, which became an important platform for his views. In one lecture he delivered there, published in 1955 as ‘My Views on Modern Chinese Painting’, he stressed the need to combine Western artistic ideas with Chinese traditions and to include modern subject-matter in Chinese painting. During the 1920s and 1930s Gao painted landscapes in which aeroplanes, automobiles, railways and the ravages of war were clearly depicted. With the outbreak of war against Japan in 1937 the Lingnan school quickly fell from favour, and although exhibitions continued to be held in Macao, where Gao fled after the Communist takeover of China in 1949, it lost its momentum.--DOA", -"date": "1879 - 1951", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KaiganiHaidaartist", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kaigani Haida artist", + "comment": "MacDonald, George F.; Haida Art, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1996. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaoKegong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gao, Kegong", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g26k27g33 Alternate names: Kao K'o-kung, 高克恭 Yuan dynasty (b Fangshan, Beijing, 1248; d 1310). Chinese painter, poet and government official. Of Muslim Uygur descent, he was the eldest of five sons from a family that combined Muslim and Han cultures and enjoyed favourable social status when the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty (1279–1368). From an early age he was taught by his father, a highly respected Confucian scholar who instructed Gao in the Chinese classics, preparing him well for government service. Gao began his service in the Yuan government at the age of 27, eventually achieving the high rank of governor and a minister of justice. In addition to serving at the court in Dadu (Khanbalik, now Beijing), he held various positions in many parts of China, including Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. While serving in the River Yangzi delta area, Gao became acquainted with many of the painters and poets of that southern region; these included other northern literati who also served in the south, such as Li Kan, Xianyu Shu (1257–1302) and Li Zhongfang ( fl c. 1245–1320). One of his close friends was the leading painter and calligrapher Zhao Mengfu, a southerner who served the Mongols both in the south and at the court in Beijing. As a northerner, Gao developed his art mainly from the literati tradition of the Northern Song period (960–1127), especially from the landscape painting of Mi Fu and the bamboo painting of Su Shi. As a result he held a special position in the art of the Yuan period, transmitting the landscape painting tradition begun by Mi Fu to the Yuan and later periods and encouraging its introduction into the southern areas of China. Gao’s two best-known works are Clearing after a Spring Rain in the Mountains (hanging scroll, ink on silk; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), which has an inscription by Li Kan dated 1299, and Clouds Encircling Luxuriant Peaks (hanging scroll, ink on silk; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), also with an inscription by Li Kan but dated 1309. While the former reflects Gao’s earlier manner, when he was still attempting to solve the problems of the Mi Fu tradition, the latter represents his maturity. It demonstrates the transformation of the monumental landscape typical of the Northern Song period into a style that is both more characteristic of Yuan period painting and representative of Gao’s individual contribution to it. His bamboo painting style is exemplified by Bamboo and Rock (hanging scroll, ink on silk; Beijing, Pal. Mus.), which is inscribed with a poem by Zhao Mengfu and includes rocks executed in the long ‘hemp-fibre’ brushstrokes ( pima cun), derived from Dong Yuan, that were commonly used by literati painters of the Yuan period.--DOA", -"date": "1248 - 1310", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaoMinglu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gao, Minglu", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist, author, curator and critic. ", -"date": "b. 1949", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KaigetsudoAnchi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kaigetsudo, Anchi", + "comment": "Hiller, J.; Japanese Colour Prints, Third Edition, Second Impression, London: Phaidon Press Ltd., 1993 (0714827215). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaoQifeng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gao, Qifeng", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -"date": "1889-1933", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaoQuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gao, Quan", -"comment": "Laing, Ellen Johnston; Winking Owl: Art from the People's Republic of China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988 (0520060970). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KaigetsudōDoshin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kaigetsudō, Doshin", + "comment": "Stern, Harold; Master Prints of Japan: Ukiyo-e Hanga, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1969 (?). ", + "date": "1700-1716", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaoXiang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gao, Xiang", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g26x25 Alternate names: Kao Hsiang, 高翔 Qing dynasty", -"date": "active ca. 1700 - 1730", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KaihoYusetsu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kaiho, Yusetsu", + "comment": "Kobayashi, Tadashi and Hiroyuki Kano; Kano-ha to fuzokuga, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. ", + "date": "first half 17th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaoXiaohua", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gao, Xiaohua", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", -"date": "active ca. 1980", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KaitoHS", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kaito, H.S.", + "comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. ", + "date": "second quarter 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GaozongEmperorofChina", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gaozong, Emperor of China", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g26z58 Alternate names: Kao-tsung, 高宗 Song dynasty (b Bianliang [modern Kaifeng], Henan Province, 1107; reg 1127–62; d Lin’an, now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 1187). Chinese calligrapher, art patron and founding emperor of the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279). He was the ninth son of the Song artist–emperor Huizong and inherited his father’s artistic talent. He played an important role in encouraging the arts, reviving imperial patronage and setting a standard for his royal successors. Gaozong received a thorough classical education, and his artistic interests were not discouraged, for he was not expected ever to rule. When his oldest brother, the Emperor Qinzong (reg 1126–7), was captured by the Jürchen nomads, founders of the Jin dynasty (1115–1234) in the north, Gaozong took the throne in order to perpetuate the Song dynasty in the south. He rallied support among the literati and the military by bestowing his calligraphic transcriptions of carefully selected texts on specific individuals. His calligraphy enjoyed widespread familiarity and influence after he started distributing rubbings of his works to successful jinshi (civil service examination graduates) in 1135; in the 1140s he had his transcriptions of the Confucian classics engraved on stone tablets. Gaozong particularly excelled in the slightly informal Song kai (Song regular script, also called xing kaishu) and the somewhat archaic zhang caoshu (draft cursive) script. His development as a calligrapher is attested by a series of dated works, as well as by the comments of late 12th-century writers. As a youth he was strongly influenced by the distinctively individual style of Huang tingjian, whose diagonal and horizontal strokes were written with a tremulous brush and strokes of exaggerated length. The influence of Huang’s style is seen in Gaozong’s earliest extant writing, Foding Guangming ta bei (‘Stele for the Guangming pagoda’, rubbing, 1133; Tokyo, Imp. Household col.). In the late 1130s, Gaozong changed to the more classically elegant style of Mi Fu (see Mi, (1)), as is seen in his Ci Yue Fei shouchi (‘Handwritten order to general Yue Fei’, c. 1138; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). In the early 1140s, he turned directly to Mi Fu’s own models, the Two Wangs (Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi; see Wang (i), (1) and (2)), and followed their styles for the rest of his life. Most of his extant calligraphy is in this mode, the best-known example being his Huizong wenji xu (‘Preface to the collected writings of Huizong’, 1154; Kyoto, Mrs Ogawa priv. col.). Late in life he favoured zhang caoshu script, seen in his transcription of Luoshen fu (‘Nymph of the Luo River’, after 1162; Shenyang, Liaoning Prov. Mus.). --DOA", -"date": "1107 - 1187 (r. 1127 - 1163)", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kajikawa", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kajikawa", + "comment": "Kobayashi, Tadashi, Taishu Komatsu and Shugu Asano; Ukiyoe, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. The Kajikawa family, who were principally known for inrō, were official lacquerers to the shogun. Lacquerwork associated with the Kajikawa varies in quality, and individual attributions are difficult because most members of the family used the same seal. ", + "date": "active Edo Period", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GardenMasterofJapperrhive", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Garden Master of Japperrhive", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KajikawaYoshio", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kajikawa, Yoshio", + "comment": "Kanada, Margaret Miller; Color Woodblock Printmaking: The Traditional Method of Ukiyo-e, Fourth Printing, Tokyo: Shufunotomo Co., Ltd., 1989 (4079753160). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GardenHughMackieGordon", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Garden, Hugh Mackie Gordon", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "born 1873", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GardinAlbertoBerengo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gardin, Alberto Berengo", -"comment": "Stierlin, Henri; Greece: From Mycenae to the Parthenon, Cologne: Taschen, 1997. 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", -"date": "1884-1947", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KawamuraIzo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kawamura, Izo", + "comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GillermanJ", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gillerman, J.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GilletteFrankandIraSchneider", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gillette, Frank and Ira Schneider", -"comment": "Foster, Hal. Art since 1900 : Modernism, Antimodernism, Postmodernism. London : Thames & Hudson, 2004. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KawanobeItcho", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kawanobe, Itcho", + "comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", + "date": "1830-1910", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GilmoreJaneEllen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gilmore, Jane Ellen", -"comment": "Broude, Norma and Mary D. Garrar, eds.; Power of Feminist Art: the American Movement of the 1970s, History and Impact, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KeJiusi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ke, Jiusi", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). k27j35s55 Alternate names: K'o Chiu-ssu, 柯九思 Yuan dynasty (b Tiantai, Zhejiang Province, 1290; d Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 1343). Chinese calligrapher, painter, connoisseur and collector. He was appointed connoisseur to the imperial art collection housed at the newly constructed Kuizhang Pavilion in Beijing in 1330, by the Yuan emperor Wenzong (reg 1330–32). He was given the title of Master Connoisseur of Calligraphy, and was responsible for the verification of all the painting and calligraphy that entered the collection. After the death of Wenzong in 1332, Ke retired to Suzhou, where he spent the rest of his life. Ke owned a large collection of painting and calligraphy and was often asked to authenticate works and write inscriptions. His calligraphy appears on paintings such as Lowland with Trees (handscroll, ink on paper, n.d.; New York, John M. Crawford jr priv. col.) attributed to Guo Xi, Early Autumn (handscroll, ink and colour on paper, 267×1020 mm, n.d.; Detroit, MI, Inst. A.) by Qian Xuan and one of the three genuine Tang copies of Wang Xizhi’s Orchid Pavilion Preface (Lanting xu; ad 353; see China, §IV, 2(ii)). He knew Yu Ji (1272–1348) and Zhao Mengfu personally; their inscriptions often appear next to his. Ke inscribed many of Zhao’s paintings, among them his Bamboo, Rocks and Lonely Orchids (handscroll, ink on paper, 505×1442 mm, n.d.; Cleveland, OH, Mus. A). The painting Duck by a Riverbank (hanging scroll, ink and colours on paper, 4.75×3.57 m, 1301; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) by Chen Lin ( fl c. 1300) is accompanied by comments written by Ke, Zhao and Qiu Yuan. Although Ke painted landscapes and ink flowers, he is best known for bamboo, which he modelled after the Song bamboo painter, Wen tong (see China, §V, 3(vi)). In this subject, too, he sometimes joined with a friend to paint: he collaborated with Ni Zan, for instance, on a painting of ink bamboo at the Beijing Palace Museum. Ke was best known as a calligrapher. He studied the Tang calligrapher Ouyang xun and his son Ouyang Tong (d ad 691), specializing, as they did, in regular (kaishu) and running (xingshu) scripts. Ke’s Palace Poems (n.d.; Princeton U., NJ, A. Mus.) shows the influence of his models, who emphasized the careful articulation of each movement of the brush. Ke appropriated and exaggerated certain mannerisms, such as the leftward curl of the brush on entrance to vertical strokes, and simplified others, as in the corner strokes, in which he tended to remove the shoulder produced by the brush as it turns and rests before coming down at a right angle. He delighted in contrasting thick strokes to others as fine as tendrils, so that the page seems to breathe in a waxing and waning movement. In the inscription to Guo Xi’s Lowland with Trees the calligraphy is less fanciful and more business-like. The same balance of characters and accuracy of technique are retained, but less attention is given to contrast of line, making the flow of characters smooth and purposeful. --DOA", + "date": "1290 - 1343", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GilmorePhilip", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gilmore, Philip", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. American architect", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KeaneTina", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Keane, Tina", + "comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", + "date": "active ca. 1974", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GilothC", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Giloth, C.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KearneyFrances", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kearney, Frances", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Born 1970, Norfolk UK. 1996-8 Masters in Fine Art Photography. Royal College of Art.", + "date": "born 1970", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GilquinandDupain", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gilquin and Dupain", -"comment": "Name derived from original printed material house in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Oregon.. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KearnsTerry", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kearns, Terry", + "comment": "Brooks, Chris; Gothic Revival, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 1999. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GimsonRobert", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gimson, Robert", -"comment": "George, Michael and Consuelo M. Correcher; Gardens of Spain, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1993. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GimthorpeErnstWilliamBeckettBaron", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gimthorpe, Ernst William Beckett, Baron", -"comment": "Chatfield, Judith; Classic Italian Garden, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1991. ", -"date": "d. 1917", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KearsleyJohn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kearsley, John", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. gentleman amateur -architect who settled in Philadelphia in 1717.", + "date": "first half of the 18th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GindleProkop", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gindle, Prokop", -"comment": "Rak, Jiri, Radim Vondracek and Clauda Terenzi; Biedermeier: Art and Culture in Central Europe, 1815-1848, Milan, New York: Skira Editore, Rizzoli International, 2001. ", -"date": "active early 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KeelerCharlesA", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Keeler, Charles A.", + "comment": "Smith, Bruce and Yoshiko Yamamoto. The Beautiful Necessity : Decorating with Arts & Crafts. Salt Lake City : Gibbs Smith, 1996. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GiorgiL", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Giorgi, L.", -"comment": "Rocchi Coopmans de Yoldi, Giuseppe; S. Maria del Fiore : rilievi, documenti, indagini strumentali, interpretazioni, Florence: Universita degli studi di Firenze, 1996. Italian architectural historian and co-author with Matracchi of "New Studies on Brunelleschi's Dome in Florence' in Proc. SAHC", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GiovanniniP", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Giovannini, P.", -"comment": "Rocchi Coopmans de Yoldi, Giuseppe; S. Maria del Fiore : rilievi, documenti, indagini strumentali, interpretazioni, Florence: Universita degli studi di Firenze, 1996. Italian architectural historian", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KeijiGoto", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Keiji, Goto", + "comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GirouxAlphonse", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Giroux, Alphonse", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1775-1848", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GirvinLinda", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Girvin, Linda", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KeinholzEdward", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Keinholz, Edward", + "comment": "Fineberg, Jonathan. Art since 1940 : strategies of being. New York : Prentice Hall : H.N. Abrams, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GisseyHenryde", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gissey, Henry de", -"comment": "Strong, Roy C. Designing for the dancer. Universe Books, 1982.. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GiulioAnton", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Giulio, Anton", -"comment": "Lista, Giovanni; Futurism, Paris: Finest S.A./Editions Pierre Terrail, 2001. photographer?", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KeisaiEisen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Keisai, Eisen", + "comment": "Kobayashi, Tadashi, Taishu Komatsu and Shugu Asano; Ukiyoe, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", + "date": "1790-1848", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GiustiAgostino", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Giusti, Agostino", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Count", -"date": "active late 16th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KélerKarlvon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kéler, Karl von", + "comment": "Der Architekt, vol. 5. ", + "date": "active late 19th century-early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GlassPhilip", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Glass, Philip", -"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KellBrothersLithographers", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kell Brothers, Lithographers", + "comment": "Leboff, David and Tim Demuth; No Need to Ask! Early Maps of London's Underground Railways, Middlesex: Capital Transport Publishing, 1999. Printing and publishing firm on Castle Street, Holborn, London, producer of railway maps", + "date": "active second half of 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GlassTom", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Glass, Tom", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from original printed materials donated by Tom Cherrytree, Eugene, Oregon.. American graphic designer based in San Francisco who specialized in rock concert poster designs. Alternate name: Ned Lamont", -"date": "active ca. 1960s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KellerAr", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Keller, Ar", + "comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GleneaglesofScotland", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gleneagles of Scotland", -"comment": "Hix, Charles; Man Alive! Dressing the Free Way, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1984. Fashion retailer and name brand, based in Edinburgh", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KellyWilliam", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kelly, William", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "mid-19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GlessnerFrancesMacbeth", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Glessner, Frances Macbeth", -"comment": "Barter, Judith A.; Apostles of Beauty: Arts and Crafts From Britain to Chicago, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. American metalworker", -"date": "1848-1932", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KelpraStudioLimited", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kelpra Studio Limited", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. London", + "date": "1958-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GloverDeLay", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Glover, De Lay", -"comment": "Name derived from original printed material house in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Oregon.. 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", + "date": "active 1876-1896", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GottschalkAHM", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gottschalk, A. H. M.", -"comment": "Poppeliers, John C. and S. Allen Chambers, Jr.; What Style is it: A Guide to American Architecture, Revised ed., Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. Inc., 2003. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KilbyTim", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kilby, Tim", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. photographer", + "date": "1947-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GounteiSadahide", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gountei, Sadahide", -"comment": "Meiji kaikaki no nishikie (Meiji Japan through woodblock prints), Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1989. ", -"date": "1807-1868", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KilianBrothers", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kilian Brothers", + "comment": "Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute; Masterpieces of American furniture from the Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, NY: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1999. ", + "date": "1856-ca. 1920", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GovantesandCabarrocas", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Govantes & Cabarrocas", -"comment": "Galmiche, Xavier; Havana Districts of Light, Paris: Vilo, 2001. Cuban architectural firm consisting of Evelio Govantes and Féliz Cabarrocas", -"date": "early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KilpinLtd", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kilpin Ltd.", + "comment": "Benton, Charlotte, Tim Benton and Ghislaine Wood; Art Deco 1910-1939, Boston: Bulfinch Press, 2003. ", + "date": "active ca. 1925", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GoYozeiEmperorofJapan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Go-Yozei, Emperor of Japan", -"comment": "Hickman, Money L.; Japan's Golden Age: Momoyama, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 1996. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KimDuksin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kim, Duksin", + "comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Korean painter in the Chosen period.", + "date": "1754-1822", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GozziniS", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gozzini, S.", -"comment": "Carandini, Andrea and Paolo Carafa; Atlante di Roma Antica: Biografia e Ritratti della Citta, 1, Milan: Mondadori Electa, 2012. Italian technical and architectural illustrator", -"date": "active ca. 2010", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KimDuryang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kim, Du-ryang", + "comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Kim Du-ryang (1696–1763) was a painter of the mid Joseon period. He was born as son of Kim Hyogyeong, a Hwawon (royal court painter). Kim Duryang also followed his father's career as entered royal service as a member of the Dohwaseo, the official painters of the Joseon court. He was good at almost all over genre in paintings such as muninhwa (painting in the literal artistic style, sansuhwa (landscape painting), yeongmohwa (animal-and-bird painting), inmuhwa (portrait painting).", + "date": "1696–1763", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GraduatestudentTylerSchoolofArtPhotographyDept", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Graduate student, Tyler School of Art. Photography Dept.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KimHyonSong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kim, Hyon-Song", + "comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. (b Kimhae, South Kyongsang Province, 1542; d 1621). Korean calligrapher and scholar–official. He passed the civil service examination in 1564 and later served as a court official in charge of writing official documents. He was well known for his Neo-Confucian scholarship and for his poetry. Although he was esteemed as a calligrapher, his achievements are said to have been overshadowed during his lifetime by those of his more famous contemporary, Han Ho. Kim was commissioned to write many important stelae, including the Memorial Stele for the Victory of General Yi Sun-sin in Yosu, South Cholla Province. He has often been compared to such famous calligraphers as Kim Saeng of the Unified Silla period or Yi Yong of the early Choson period. He worked mainly in the style of Zhao Mengfu, which had been the dominant trend since its introduction to Korea from China during the late Koryo period (918–1392) but which was eschewed by his contemporaries, who sought instead to emulate Wang Xizhi (see KOREA, §V, 4 and 5 , for a fuller discussion of the contending influences of these two Chinese masters). Kim Hyon-song’s insistence on the Zhao Mengfu style suggests his conservatism and orthodoxy. The Poem for Yun Ch’om-ch’u (1604; see Im Ch’ang-sun, pl. 80) is written in running-cursive script and displays the freedom and elegance of his mature style. This work suggests that although he followed the style of Zhao Mengfu he was confident enough to depart from it: some of the characters in this poem show a greater degree of modulation and a greater variety in the thickness of the strokes. ", + "date": "1542-1621", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GradyRobertE", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Grady, Robert E.", -"comment": "Acton, David; Sixty Years of North American Prints: 1947-2007, Boston: Boston Printmakers, 2009. American printmaker", -"date": "1914-2005", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KimJe", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kim, Je", + "comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Famous Korean painter in the Chosen period.", + "date": "1524-1593", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GrahamAndersonProbstandWhite", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Graham, Anderson, Probst and White", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Chicago firm was the successor to D.H. Burnham & Co., by Daniel Burnham's surviving partner Ernesst Graham and Burnham's sons, Hubert and Daniel, Jr. In 1917, the Burnhams left the firm and Graham formed the current firm with Anderson et al. They were the largest architectural firm under one roof in the first half of the 20th century.", -"date": "formed 1917", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KimJeonghui", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kim, Jeong-hui", + "comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Kim Jeong-hui (1786-1856) was a prominent Korean civil minister, Silhak scholar, and calligrapher. He invented his own style of calligraphy called, "chusache", based on ancient Korean monumental inscriptions.", + "date": "1786-1856", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GrahamBill", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Graham, Bill", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Rock concert promoter and booking agent in San Francisco who became associated with the Fillmore Auditorium, known for his promotion of the Rolling Stones and discovery of Janis Joplin, instrumental in commissioning and marketing psychedelic concert posters. He was also married at one time to artist Bonnie MacLean, who is the mother of his son and the house artist for the Fillmore.", -"date": "1931-1991", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KimbelandCabus", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kimbel and Cabus", + "comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. precursor of A. Kimbel and Sons", + "date": "1863-1882", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GrahamBurnhamandCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Graham, Burnham and Company", -"comment": "Emporis; http://www.emporis.com. The company existed under this name after Daniel Burnham's death in 1912 until 1917, an intermediate stage between D.H. Burnham & Company and Graham, Anderson, Probst and White.", -"date": "1912-1917", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KimberleyJessica", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kimberley, Jessica", + "comment": "Chueca, Pilar; Sustainable Homes, Barcelona: Links, 2009. American architect based in Los Angeles, CA.", + "date": "active ca. 1995-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GrahamMaryDuchessofMontrose", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Graham, Mary, Duchess of Montrose", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KimuraHisaoE", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kimura, Hisao E.", + "comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. ", + "date": "1902-1975", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GrandFeuArtPottery", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Grand Feu Art Pottery", -"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. Los Angeles-based pottery", -"date": "1913-1916", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KimuraRitsugaku", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kimura, Ritsugaku", + "comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", + "date": "1827-1890", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GravenitesLinda", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gravenites, Linda", -"comment": "Lobenthal, Joel. Radical rags : fashions of the sixties. New York : Abbeville Press, 1990. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KimuraShohachi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kimura, Shohachi", + "comment": "Takashina, Shuji, Tetsuro Kagesato and Hideo Tanaka; Yōga to Nihonga, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. ", + "date": "1893-1958", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GraziaEnzoDi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Grazia, Enzo Di", -"comment": "Hoag, John D.; Islamic Architecture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1977. Studio of Enzo Di Grazia", -"date": "ca. 1975", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KingGongmin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "King Gongmin", + "comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. King Gongmin (1330–1374) ruled Goryeo Dynasty Korea from 1351 until 1374. He was the second son of King Chungsuk. In addition to his various Korean names (see right), he bore the Mongolian name Bayàn Temür (伯顔帖木兒).", + "date": "1330–1374", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GreatbatchWilliam", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Greatbatch, William", -"comment": "Hildyard, Robin; European Ceramics, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999. ", -"date": "active mid 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KingDavidIII", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "King, David III", + "comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. ", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GreatorexEleanor", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Greatorex, Eleanor", -"comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. ", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KingJ", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "King, J.", + "comment": "Lee, Molly and Gregory A. Reinhardt; Eskimo Architecture: Dwelling and Structure in the Early Historic Period, Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press and University of Alaska Museum, 2003. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GreenandKing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Green and King", -"comment": "Soros, Susan Weber; E.W. Godwin: Aesthetic Movement Architect and Designer, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999. 19th century London firm who advertised themselves as artists and decorators; collaborated with E.W. Godwin in furniture production and interior decoration work", -"date": "third quarter 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GreenHenry", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Green, Henry", -"comment": "Rieman, Timothy D. and Jean M. Burks; Complete Book of Shaker Furniture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , Publishers, 1993. Shaker furniture maker", -"date": "1844-1931", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KinneyDeborah", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kinney, Deborah", + "comment": "Rutz, Miriam Easton; Public Gardens of Michigan, East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2002. American landscape architect", + "date": "active 1990s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GreenThomasMarstonJr", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Green, Thomas Marston, Jr.", -"comment": "Gleason, David King; Plantation Homes of Louisiana and the Natchez Area, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982. 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", -"date": "active ca. 1925", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KiyoshiInoshita", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kiyoshi, Inoshita", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. landscape architect", + "date": "third quarter 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GrupoAustral", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Grupo Austral", -"comment": "Robinson, William H, Jordi Falgàs, and Carmen Belen Lord; Barcelona and Modernity: Picasso, Gaudí, Miró, Dalí, Cleveland, New Haven: Cleveland Museum of Art, Yale University Press, 2006. Founded in the late 1930s by the Spaniard Antoni Bonet and the Argentines Jorge Ferrari-Hardoy and Juan Kurchan. ", -"date": "active ca. 1940", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KleemannOttoKarl", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kleemann, Otto Karl", + "comment": "Ritz, Richard Ellison. Architects of Oregon: a bibliographical dictionary of architects deceased - 19th and 20th centuries. Portland, Oregon: Lair Hill Publishing, 2002.. ", + "date": "active 1880-1930", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Gruziiafilm", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gruziia-film", -"comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. ", -"date": "active 1960s-1980s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KlettingRichardKA", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kletting, Richard KA", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuAn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gu, An", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g35a4 Alternate names: Ku An, 顧安 Yuan dynasty", -"date": "b. ca. 1295-1370", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuBingxin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gu, Bingxin", -"comment": "Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she; Shanghai ban hua xuan ji, Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1963. born in Shanghai; alternate name: 顾炳鑫 ", -"date": "born 1923", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KlingbergMargareta", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Klingberg, Margareta", + "comment": "Cotton, Charlotte; Photograph as Contemporary Art, London: Thames and Hudson, Ltd., 2004. ", + "date": "born 1942", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuCongde", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gu, Congde", -"comment": "Clunas, Craig; Empire of Great Brightness: Visual and Material Cultures of Ming China, 1368-1644, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2007. ", -"date": "b. ca. 1520", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KlocekYvonne", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Klocek, Yvonne", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuHaoqing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gu, Haoqing", -"comment": "Brown, Claudia and Ju-hsi Chou; Transcending Turmoil: Painting at the Close of China's Empire, 1796-1911, Phoenix: Phoenix Art Museum, 1992. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KnappWilliamE", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Knapp, William E.", + "comment": "Rutz, Miriam Easton; Public Gardens of Michigan, East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2002. American architect", + "date": "active ca. 1925-ca. 1930", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuHongzhong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gu, Hongzhong", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g35h33z45 Alternate names: Ku Hung-chung, 顧閎中 Five dynasties Court painter during Southern Tang dynasty. Painted figures and court ladies.--Seymour", -"date": "active ca. 943-960", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KnauJosef", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Knau, Josef", + "comment": "Fiedler, Jeannine and Peter Feierabend; Bauhaus, Cologne: Konemann, 2000. ", + "date": "active ca. 1925", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuJianlong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gu, Jianlong", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g35j26l43 (1606-ca. 1687) Alternate names: Ku Chien-lung, 顧見龍 Qing dynasty Court painter in the Kangxi period. Painted portraits and historical motifs.--Seymour", -"date": "1606-ca. 1687", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KnifeRiverCorporation", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Knife River Corporation", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuLinshi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gu, Linshi", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuLuo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gu, Luo", -"comment": "Brown, Claudia and Ju-hsi Chou; Transcending Turmoil: Painting at the Close of China's Empire, 1796-1911, Phoenix: Phoenix Art Museum, 1992. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KnightonWilliamChristmas", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Knighton, William Christmas", + "comment": "Name derived from a website. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuPan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gu, Pan", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuXiaoping", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gu, Xiaoping", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Jiangsu Province.", -"date": "b. 1969", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KnightsonHenry", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Knightson, Henry", + "comment": "Greiff, Constance M.; Lost America, From the Mississippi to the Pacific, Princeton: Pyne Press, 1972. 19th century Oregon builder/architect", + "date": "mid-18th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuYide", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gu, Yide", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g35y28d27 Alternate names: Ku I-te, 顧懿德 Ming dynasty Landscape painter in the style of Wang Meng, also Guanyin pictures.--Seymour", -"date": "1600-1650", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KnochReinhold", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Knoch, Reinhold", + "comment": "Kähler, Gert; Path of Modernism: Architecture, 1900-1930, Berlin: Jovis, 2009. German architect, active in Halle/Saale.", + "date": "1854-1930", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuYuanII", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gu, Yuan (II)", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). from Guangdong, alternate name: 古元", -"date": "1919-1996", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KnollInternational", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Knoll International", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Edward Cooke", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuYuanI", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gu, Yuan (I)", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g35y37, Alternate names: Ku Yüan, 顧原, Qing dynasty, Landscape and flower painter.--Seymour", -"date": "active ca. 1720", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuYun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gu, Yun", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g35y39 Alternate names: Ku Yün, 顧澐 Qing dynasty Went as envoy to Japan ca. 1887. Painted flowers, landscapes, followed the "Four Wangs."--Seymour", -"date": "1835-1896", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KnollInc", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Knoll, Inc.", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1938-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GualandiGiuseppe", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gualandi, Giuseppe", -"comment": "http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Gualandi. ", -"date": "1870-1944", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KnottAssociates", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Knott Associates", + "comment": "Raizman, David S. History of Modern Design. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2004. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuanDaosheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Guan, Daosheng", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g38d26s42 Alternate names: Kuan Tao-sheng, 管道昇, Lady Wei Yuan dynasty The earliest Chinese female painter whose artistic personality can be defined on the basis of both written records and extant works is Guan Daosheng (1262–1319). Wife of the renowned scholar–official and artist Zhao Mengfu, Guan Daosheng is also the most famous female painter in Chinese history. She is said to have depicted a range of subjects, including Buddhist figures, but to have excelled in monochrome ink-bamboo (mozhu). She reportedly created a distinctive type of bamboo painting featuring new-growth bamboo groves after rain. A composition of this type dated 1308, now mounted with other Yuan paintings in a handscroll belonging to the National Palace Museum in Taipei, may best represent her work. Guan Daosheng was also admired for her calligraphy. According to her epitaph, Emperor Renzong (reg 1312–21) collected an example of her writing, along with pieces by her husband and their son Zhao Yong, for the imperial archives, and remarked: ‘[This] will let later generations know that my reign not only had an expert female calligrapher, but a whole family capable in calligraphy, which is an extraordinary circumstance!’ (Weidner and others).--DOA Painter and calligrapher. Painted bamboo, plum blossoms, orchids, landscapes, rocks, and Buddhist images.--Seymour", -"date": "1262-1325?", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuanFusheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Guan, Fusheng", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. from Guangdong Province, woodcut artist; alternate name: 关夫生", -"date": "born 1919", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KnowlesTaylorandKnowles", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Knowles, Taylor and Knowles", + "comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999 (0939802872). Knowles, Taylor and Knowles was the largest ceramic concern in the pottery center of East Liverpool, Ohio, in the late 19th century.", + "date": "1870-1929", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuanQiming", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Guan, Qiming", -"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese artist during the Cultural Revolution", -"date": "b. 1942", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KnowlesWH", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Knowles, W. H.", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "active 1890-1931", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuanShanyue", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Guan, Shanyue", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KnowltonK", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Knowlton, K.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuanSi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Guan, Si", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). g38s55 Alternate names: Kuan Ssu, 關思 Ming dynasty (b. ca. 157301619) Poet. Calligraphy in four script styles. Collector. Landscape painter.--Seymour", -"date": "b. ca. 1573-1619", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuanWei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Guan, Wei", -"comment": "China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. Chinese artist; born in Beijing; graduated from Beijing Capital University; lives and works in Australia and Beijing.", -"date": "b. 1957", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KnowltonKenneth", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Knowlton, Kenneth", + "comment": "Goodman, Cynthia; Digital Visions: Computers and Art, New York; Syracuse: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers; Everson Museum of Art, 1987. 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", + "date": "1871-1936", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GyokudoKinshi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Gyokudo, Kinshi", -"comment": "Murase, Miyeko; Bridge of Dreams: The Mary Griggs Burke Collection of Japanese Art, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KōkinteiBanzan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kōkintei, Banzan", + "comment": "Keyes, Roger S.; Art of Surimono: Privately Published Japanese Woodblock Prints and Books in the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin, vol.1, London: Philip Wilson for Sotheby Publications, 1985. 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", + "date": "1704-1736", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HabibAllah", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Habib Allah", -"comment": "Grabar, Oleg; Mostly Miniatures: An Introduction to Persian Painting, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000. painter, Safavid", -"date": "fl. ca. 1600", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KonoMichisei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kono, Michisei", + "comment": "Takashina, Shuji, Tetsuro Kagesato and Hideo Tanaka; Yōga to Nihonga, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. 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Active late 1980s- present", + "date": "Late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HadawayWS", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hadaway, W.S.", -"comment": "Thompson, Susan Otis; American Book Design and William Morris, 2nd expanded edition, New Castle, DE, London: Oak Knoll Press, British Library, 1996. ", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Korniienko", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Korniienko", + "comment": "Reeder, Ellen; Scythian Gold: Treasures from Ancient Ukraine, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1999. illustrator", + "date": "late 20th-early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaeberleRonald", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Haeberle, Ronald", -"comment": "Wood, Paul, Francis Frascina, Jonathan Harris, and Charles Harrison; Modernism in Dispute: Art Since the Forties, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1993. ", -"date": "ca. 1970", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KorniushinVictor", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Korniushin, Victor", + "comment": "Kelly, Rosanna; Russia, London: Flint River, 1994. photographer", + "date": "active 1996", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaeckelErnst", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Haeckel, Ernst", -"comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KorqInc", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Korq Inc.", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 155 E 56th St., 3rd Fl., New York, NY, United States", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HafizOsman", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hafiz Osman", -"comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. calligrapher Ottoman", -"date": "1642-1698", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HafiziAbru", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hafiz-i Abru", -"comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. 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(http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9038756/Hafiz-i-Abru)", -"date": "?-1430", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KorteknieStuhlmacherArchitecten", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Korteknie Stuhlmacher Architecten", + "comment": "Stang, Alanna and Christopher Hawthorne; Green House: New Directions in Sustainable Architecture, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2005. Netherlandish architectural firm", + "date": "active 2001-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HagenErnestF", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hagen, Ernest F.", -"comment": "Kenny, Peter M., Michael K. Brown, Frances F. Bretter and Matthew A. Thurlow; Duncan Phyfe, Master Cabinetmaker in New York, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2011. Worked with J. Matthew Meier.", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KoshikajitsuBoShinensha", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Koshi kajitsu Bo Shin'en sha", + "comment": "Murase, Miyeko; Bridge of Dreams: The Mary Griggs Burke Collection of Japanese Art, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. 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", -"date": "1910-1914", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Koshun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Koshun", + "comment": "Toda, Teisuke and Ryūsuke Asami; Zenshū jiin to teien : Nanbokuchō, Muromachi no kenchiku chōkoku kōgei, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu , Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. Kōshun ( fl 1315–69), a sixth-generation descendant, was active towards the end of the Kamakura period and into the Muromachi period", + "date": "1315-1369", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HagesandrosofRhodes", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hagesandros of Rhodes", -"comment": "Kleiner, Fred S. and Christin J. Mamiya; Gardner's Art Through the Ages, Twelfth Edition, Belmont, California: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2005. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KosolapovAlexander", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kosolapov, Alexander", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Russian sculptor and painter, active in the United States since 1975", + "date": "b. 1943", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HagetsuTosatsu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hagetsu, Tosatsu", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1516-1585", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KossDenshinaEI", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Koss-Denshina, E. I.", + "comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", + "date": "1901-1979", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaggardKen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Haggard, Ken", -"comment": "McGregor, Suzi Moore and Nora Burba Trulsson; Living Homes: Sustainable Architecture and Design, San Francisco: Chronicle Press, 2008. American architect", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KostrovPI", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kostrov, P. I.", + "comment": "Belenitski, A. M. and B. I. Marshak; L'art de Piandjikent a la lumiere des dernieres fouilles, Arts Asiatique, vol. 23. ", + "date": "active ca. 1970", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HagiwaraMakoto", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hagiwara, Makoto", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. landscape designer responsible for creating and maintaining the Japanese Tea Garden at Golden Gate Park in San Francisco.", -"date": "late 19th-early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KotchikGeorgeC", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kotchik, George C.", + "comment": "UO AAA Library Architectural Drawing Collection. UO architecture student 1920s-30s", + "date": "active 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HahnHans", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hahn, Hans", -"comment": "Chicago Daily Tribune; International Competition for a New Administration Building for the Chicago Tribune, Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune, 1923. German architect", -"date": "active ca. 1920", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KotrbeletzSylvestr", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kotrbeletz, Sylvestr", + "comment": "Rak, Jiri, Radim Vondracek and Clauda Terenzi; Biedermeier: Art and Culture in Central Europe, 1815-1848, Milan, New York: Skira Editore, Rizzoli International, 2001. clockmaker", + "date": "active 1830s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaiBo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hai, Bo", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Changchun, Jilin Province; lives and works in Beijing.", -"date": "b. 1962", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KoyamaTaigetsu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Koyama, Taigetsu", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1891-1946", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaifengNi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Haifeng, Ni", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 1964 born in Zhoushan, P. R. China, presently lives and works in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.1986 Graduated from Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts", -"date": "born 1964", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Koyo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Koyo", + "comment": "Toda, Teisuke and Ryūsuke Asami; Zenshū jiin to teien : Nanbokuchō, Muromachi no kenchiku chōkoku kōgei, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu , Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. Kōyo ( fl 1326–46), who called himself a fifth-generation descendant of Unkei, was active towards the end of the Kamakura period and into the Muromachi period", + "date": "1326-1346", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HailongXie", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hailong, Xie", -"comment": "Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. New York: Abbeville Press, 1997. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KozeljMarinella", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kozelj, Marinella", + "comment": "Schimmel, Paul. Out of Actions: Between Performance the the Object, 1949-1979. Los Angeles, Calif. : The Museum of Contemporary Art New York : Thames and Hudson, 1998. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HajiBanuBegam", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Haji Banu Begam", -"comment": "Archnet; http://archnet.org. Widow of Humayun, mother of Akbar", -"date": "1562-1572", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HajicekJames", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hajicek, James", -"comment": "Hume, Sandy, Ellen Manchester, Gary Metz and Nathan Lyons; Great West: Real/Ideal, Boulder: University of Colorado at Boulder, 1977. American photographer.", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KozinMY", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kozin, M. Y.", + "comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", + "date": "active 1960s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HalasLaceWorkshop", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Halas Lace Workshop", -"comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. ", -"date": "1902-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KozinaNV", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kozina, N. V.", + "comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", + "date": "active 1960s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HalcyonArtPottery", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Halcyon Art Pottery", -"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. a commercial venture of the Halcyon Colony, a utopian community founded near Pismo Beach, California in 1903. Alexander William Robertson acted as art director from 1910-1912.", -"date": "1910-1913", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KozlovEngelsVasilyevich", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kozlov, Engels Vasilyevich", + "comment": "State Russian Museum; Times of change : art in the Soviet Union 1960-1985, Bad Breisig: Palace Editions, 2006. ", + "date": "1926-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaleFrankGardner", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hale, Frank Gardner", -"comment": "Meyer, Marilee Boyd; Inspiring Reform: Boston's Arts and Crafts Movement, Wellesley: Davis Museum and Cultural Center, 1997. MA jewelry designer", -"date": "1876-1945", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KraftCaspar", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kraft, Caspar", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "active early 16th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HallLindsleyF", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hall, Lindsley F.", -"comment": "Grinnell, Isobel Hoopes; Greek Temples, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1943. ", -"date": "mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KraftJames", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kraft, James", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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", + "date": "born 1937", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HallockBrook", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hallock, Brook", -"comment": "Broude, Norma and Mary D. Garrar, eds.; Power of Feminist Art: the American Movement of the 1970s, History and Impact, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KrauseRolf", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Krause, Rolf", + "comment": "Hattstein, Markus and Peter Delius; Islam: Art and Architecture, Cologne: Könemann, 2000. 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", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hamelet", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hamelet", -"comment": "Illustration, no. 4307. ", -"date": "first half 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KrenitskyTom", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Krenitsky, Tom", + "comment": "Otis, Denise; Grounds for Pleasure: Four Centuries of the American Garden, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2002. ", + "date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HamesePaul", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hamese, Paul", -"comment": "Loring, John; Louis Comfort Tiffany at Tiffany & Co., New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2002. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KrierLon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Krier, Lon", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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", -"date": "1745-1813", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KrischenF", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Krischen, F.", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. author of works on Priene. info from Worldcat", + "date": "active 1930s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ḥammāmī", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ḥammāmī", -"comment": "Petrosyan, Yuri A., Oleg F. Akimushkin, Anas B. Khalidov, and Efim A. 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", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KrummTheodor", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Krumm, Theodor", + "comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. 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", -"date": "d. 1503", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KubotaFujitaro", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kubota, Fujitaro", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Self-taught gardener and creator of the Seattle Japanese-style garden that bears his name", + "date": "1879-1973", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HanbeiShokosai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hanbei, Shokosai", -"comment": "Kobayashi, Tadashi, Taishu Komatsu and Shugu Asano; Ukiyoe, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. 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", -"date": "1825-1875", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KudriashovaKlacdiiaAndreevna", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kudriashova, Klacdiia Andreevna", + "comment": "Snezhko, N. G. ‪(‬Nina Grigorʹevna‪); Russkie sovetskie pisateli : komplekt portretov, Kiev: Izd-vo "Mystetstvo", 1977. ", + "date": "active 1977", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HandMollyWilliams", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hand, Molly Williams", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KumChikeung", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kum, Chi-keung", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born and resides in Hong Kong; studied at First Institute of Art and Design, Hong Kong, 1991.", + "date": "born 1965", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HanegawaChincho", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hanegawa, Chincho", -"comment": "Smith, Lawrence; Ukiyoe: Images of Unknown Japan, London: British Museum Publications, Ltd., 1988. ", -"date": "fl. ca. 1679-1759", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KumashiroShuko", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kumashiro, Shuko", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. student of Shen Nanpin, eventually changed his name to Yuhi", + "date": "1712-1772", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HanegawaToei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hanegawa, Toei", -"comment": "Singer, Robert T. et al.; Edo: Art in Japan 1615-1868, Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1998. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KumeSekkeiCoLtd", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kume Sekkei Co., Ltd.", + "comment": "New Look of Environmental Design For a Sustainable Environment and Society, Tokyo: Orange Book Co., Ltd., 2005. Japanese architecture firm.", + "date": "active early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HangGaoshe", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hang, Gaoshe", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Hang Kao-she", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KumiYamashita", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kumi, Yamashita", + "comment": "Kumi Yamashita (Documents Northwest series), Seattle: Seattle Art Museum, 1997. ", + "date": "1968-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HangMingshi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hang, Mingshi", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kuncan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kuncan", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). k42c24 Alternate names: K'un-ts'an, 髡殘 Qing dynasty (b Changde, Hunan Province, 1612; d Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 1673). Chinese painter and Buddhist monk. He is known as one of the ‘Four Great Monk Painters’ of the early Qing dynasty (1644–1911), along with Shitao or Daoji, Zhu Da and Hongren, and as one of the greatest ‘Individualist’ painters of the 17th century (a group of artists that is always counterposed with the so-called ‘Orthodox’ painters of the 17th century). As a youth he studied the classics and prepared himself for the civil service examinations, at the same time becoming interested in painting and Buddhism. Inspired by a Confucian scholar in his home town who was also a Chan (Jap. Zen) Buddhist, Kuncan decided to dedicate his life to Chan Buddhism; in 1638, to show his determination, he shaved off his hair. Encouraged by his mentor, he travelled to the Jiangnan region, the area south of the Yangzi River, to seek further instruction in Buddhism. While in Nanjing, Kuncan was introduced to the teachings of the famous patriarch Zhuhong (1535–1615), who was noted for his enthusiasm for synthesizing the three doctrines of Buddhism, Confucianism and Daoism. Zhuhong’s philosophy became the guiding light for his life. When he returned to Hunan Province, Kuncan settled in Taoyuan County and, under further instruction from his mentor, attained a kind of spiritual enlightenment. During the turmoil caused by the invasion of the Manchu army and the establishment of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911) in 1644–5, Kuncan wandered deep into the countryside of the Taoyuan area, a region associated with the mythical Taohua yuan (Peach Blossom Spring), as described in the allegorical prose work written by Tao Yuanming in the 4th century ad. He stayed in the wilderness for three months, suffering considerable hardship. In 1654 he took up residence in the Dabaoen Temple in Nanjing where, under another noted monk, Juelang (1592–1659), he supervised the editing of a new edition of the Dazang jing, the Chinese Buddhist canon. He soon became acquainted with such distinguished scholars as Qian Qianyi (1582–1664) and Gu Yanwu (1613–82) and painters such as Cheng Zhengkui. The earliest extant paintings by Kuncan date from this period. In 1659, after becoming an official disciple of Juelang, he moved to the Youqi Temple on Mt Zutang, not far from Nanjing, where he lived, except for a few trips, for the rest of his life. An early journey was to the famous Mt Huang range in southern Anhui Province (c. 65 km north-west of She xian), known for its great scenic beauty and a subject of many contemporary paintings (see Anhui school). He remained there for more than a year, during which time he did many paintings of the local topography. Most of his dated works that survive are from the period 1660–63, the most productive of his artistic career. An extreme introvert who suffered from poor health, Kuncan had an idiosyncratic personality and seldom socialized with his contemporaries (some of whom were members of the Nanjing school). One exception was Cheng Zhengkui, who became his closest friend. They often visited each other and painted together, sometimes even collaborating on paintings. Cheng often invited Kuncan to view his collection of paintings and calligraphy and to discuss them together. Cheng had been strongly influenced by the theories and style of Dong Qichang, the connoisseur, painter, calligrapher and theorist who founded the Orthodox school of painting in the late Ming period (1368–1644), and doubtless brought some of Dong’s ideas to Kuncan. Kuncan’s painting style was inspired by such old masters as Juran, Huang Gongwang and Wang Meng. He was deeply interested in Wang Meng and developed his own style from Wang’s works. Critics have commented that Kuncan’s paintings, like Wang Meng’s, are full of life, vigorous, elaborate and colourful. His highly distinctive brushwork involved a dry-brush, crumbly brushstroke, quickly laid down in short staccato strokes that are interwoven into a dense, highly textured surface. Among the considerable number of his extant works are some that reflect his interest in depicting scenes he visited during his travels. Tiandu Peak (hanging scroll, paper, 1661; Beijing, Pal. Mus.) was one of many works inspired by his stay at Mt Huang. It shows the influence of 10th-century masters in its compositional use of a broad, open view. Another painting of the Mt Huang area, Thirty-six Peaks (hanging scroll, paper, 1663; Kansas City, MO, Nelson–Atkins Mus. A.), is a close-up view with the tightly knit composition that was also characteristic of Wang Meng. One of his best-known works is Baoen Temple (hanging scroll, paper, 1664; Kyoto, K. Sumitomo priv. col.), which depicts the temple in Nanjing where he spent almost ten years. An Album of Four Leaves Painted for Mr Qingzi [Cheng Zhengkui], painted from memory and based on scenes of Mt Huang, is one of his masterpieces. Of the four leaves in this album, two are in the British Museum, London, one in the Museum für Ostasiatische Kunst, Berlin (see fig.), and another at the Cleveland Museum of Art, OH. The compositions are all highly original, with dramatic movements and striking contrasts. They display the nervous energy evident in Wang Meng’s paintings but show a new sense of vision that is far from imitative. Kuncan also produced a number of figure paintings, mostly of Buddhist figures and monks, sometimes portraying himself as a Buddhist eccentric or a reincarnated saint. One of the most revealing paintings of this type was Monk Meditating in a Tree (untraced), in which he expressed his autobiographical views and experiences. In a long inscription typical of most of his works he wrote the following poem: ‘The question is how to find peace in a world of suffering. You ask why I came hither; I cannot tell the reason. I am living high up in a tree and looking down. Here I can rest free from all trouble like a bird in its nest. People call me a dangerous man, but I answer: “You are like devils”.’ (Translation Sirén, p. 147.) --DOA", + "date": "1612 - after 1692?", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HangardMaugéEIEtienneIsidore", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hangard-Maugé, E. I. (Etienne Isidore)", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active mid 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KunishigeFrank", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kunishige, Frank", + "comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. Japanese born photographer active in the Seattle area.", + "date": "1878-1960", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hanns", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hanns", -"comment": "Eero Saarinen [henshusha Nakamura Toshio; henshu reiauto Oishi Masato], Tokyo: GE ando Yu, 1984. AAA Architecture student", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KunitoraUtagawa", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kunitora, Utagawa", + "comment": "Name derived from a website. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HanselAN", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hansel, A.N.", -"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HansenM", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hansen, M.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KunstanstaltLautzandJsenbeck", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kunstanstalt, Lautz & Jsenbeck", + "comment": "Blakesley, Rosalind; Arts and Crafts Movement, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2006. Darmstadt", + "date": "active late 19th-early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HansteenAlbertWaldemar", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hansteen, Albert Waldemar", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1857-1921", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KunstwebschuleScherrebek", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kunstwebschule Scherrebek", + "comment": "Gilmour, Pat; Hockney to Hodgkin: British Master Prints, 1960-1980, New Orleans: New Orleans Museum of Art , 1997. weaving arts school at Scherrebek, Germany", + "date": "1896-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HanzolvaJitka", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hanzolva, Jitka", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Czech (b. 1958) Kicken Gallery, Berlin", -"date": "born 1958", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KuoJenChang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kuo, Jen-Chang", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese painter considered a pioneer of Taiwanese contemporary art", + "date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaoBoyi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hao, Boyi", -"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Mouping county, Shandong province", -"date": "born 1938", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KuruMasamichi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kuru, Masamichi", + "comment": "Lancaster, Clay; Japanese Influence in America, New York: Walton H. Rawls, 1963. designer of the Japanese buildings assembled at the World Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1898.", + "date": "late 19th-early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaraYoyusai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hara, Yoyusai", -"comment": "Name derived from a webstie. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KusolwongSurasi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kusolwong, Surasi", + "comment": "Heartney, Eleanor; Art & Today, New York: Phaidon Press, Inc., 2008. Kusolwong’s artistic practice includes installation and performance-based work and, since 1996, he has concocted variations on market settings where inexpensive, mass-produced, Thai-manufactured goods are sold for a nominal fee.", + "date": "b. 1965", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaramboureM", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Haramboure, M.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KyansitthaKingofBurma", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kyansittha, King of Burma", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. King of the Pagan dynasty of Burma from 1084-1112 who continued the social, economic and cultural reforms begun by his father, King Anawrahta.", + "date": "1030-1112", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HardieFred", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hardie, Fred", -"comment": "Bernard, Bruce; Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography, 1840-1940, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. ", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KyokuteiBakin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kyokutei, Bakin", + "comment": "Murase, Miyeko; Bridge of Dreams: The Mary Griggs Burke Collection of Japanese Art, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HardyAnne", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hardy, Anne", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 1970 Born in United Kingdom. Lives and works in London. Anne Hardy’s photographs picture depopulated rooms that suggest surreal fictions. Working in her studio, Hardy builds each of her sets entirely from scratch; a labour intensive process of constructing an empty room, then developing its interior down to the most minute detail. Using the transient nature of photography, Hardy’s images withhold the actual experience of her environments, allowing our relationship with them to be in our imagination. Her photos evoke a sense of mystery, suggesting connections to other places we imagine might exist.", -"date": "born 1970", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HardyDrA", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hardy, Dr. A.", -"comment": "Bernard, Bruce; Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography, 1840-1940, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. 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It absorbed the bankrupt Craftsman Workshops in 1918 and suspended the Craftsman style in favor of colonial revival lines.", + "date": "1902-present", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HarlandandFisher", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Harland and Fisher", -"comment": "Baker, Malcolm and Brenda Richardson; Grand Design: the Art of the Victoria and Albert Museum, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1997. ", -"date": "active 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LWellandReinhardt", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "L. 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", + "date": "active 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HasegawaSadanobu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hasegawa, Sadanobu", -"comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. Ukiyo-e printmaker in Osaka, first a pupil of Ueda Kocho, in the early 1830s he studied under Utagawa Sadamasu. Known for his actor prints. 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", -"date": "fl. ca. 1650", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LambertJacquesGeorges", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lambert, Jacques Georges", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "born 1891", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HasegawaSonokichi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hasegawa, Sonokichi", -"comment": "Meiji kaikaki no nishikie (Meiji Japan through woodblock prints), Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1989. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LamoignonNicolasde", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lamoignon, Nicolas de", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "active 17th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaselerWH", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Haseler, W. H.", -"comment": "Wildman, Stephen and John Christian; Edward Burne-Jones: Victorian Artist-Dreamer, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, distributed by Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1998. producer for Liberty & Co.", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Lamoureux", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lamoureux", + "comment": "Calliat, Victor; Parallèle des maisons de Paris construites depuis 1830 jusqu'à nos jours, dessiné et publié par Victor Calliat, architecte, Paris: Bance, 1857-1864. ", + "date": "active mid 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HashimotoChikanobu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hashimoto, Chikanobu", -"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. Na Naoyoshi; gō Ikkakusai, Yoshitsuru II, Yōshū. Pupil of both Kuniyoshi and Kunisada, then became the leading pupil of Toyohara Kunichika from whom he took the art surname Toyohara.", -"date": "1838-1912", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LamplPaul", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lampl, Paul", + "comment": "Krautheimer, Richard; Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture, 4th edition, Middlesex: Penguin Books, Ltd., 1986. ", + "date": "active 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HashimotoHeihachi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hashimoto, Heihachi", -"comment": "Takashina, Shuji, Tetsuro Kagesato and Hideo Tanaka; Yōga to Nihonga, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. Japanese sculptor. He went to Tokyo in 1919 and the following year became a pupil of Chōzan Satō (1888–1963), a member of the Japan Art Institute; he lived with the Satō household for six years. In 1922 Hashimoto’s sculpture Cat (wood, h. 350 mm, 1922; Tsu, Mie Prefect. A. Mus.) was accepted for the ninth In-ten exhibition. In 1923 he left Tokyo because of the Great Kantō earthquake and went to live in Nara. In 1926 he returned to his home town in Mie, settling there permanently. In 1927 he exhibited his statue of a Naked Youth (wood, h. 1.54 m, 1927; Tokyo U. A., A. Mus.) at the 14th In-ten exhibition, a work reminiscent of ancient Egyptian sculpture. In the same year he became a member of the Japan Art Institute. In 1930 he exhibited Goddess Playing in a Flower Garden (wood, h. 1.22 m, 1930; Tokyo U. A., A. Mus.) at the 17th In-ten exhibition, a characteristic work: the entire body of the goddess was carved so that the head, torso, arms and legs are like flower petals, and within this, the image of a butterfly can be seen; although representing a young female, the body seems genderless, and her facial expression is reminiscent of Buddhist sculptures. In his later years Hashimoto was deeply impressed by a 17th-century Buddhist statue that he saw in Takayama, Gifu Prefecture; this was done by the monk Enkū. Under Enkū’s influence he produced wooden sculptures with the sharp chisel marks still visible, such as that of the Buddhist monk Ryōkan (wood, h. 274 mm, 1934; Tokyo U. A., A. Mus.). His theory of sculpture was published in a book called Junsui chōkoku ron (‘A theory of pure sculpture’) in 1942. -Grove Art Online, Oxford University Press", -"date": "1897-1935", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LanYing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lan, Ying", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l24y32 Alternate names: Lan Ying, 藍瑛 Ming dynasty (b Qiantang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 1585; d c. 1664). Chinese painter. Lan Ying spent most of his early life in Hangzhou (one of his hao names, Xihu Waishi, means ‘unofficial historian of West Lake’, referring to the city’s famous lake). He was classified by Chinese writers as the last of the professional painters working in the tradition of the Zhe school, a lineage that began with Dai Jin. Despite his professional status, Lan travelled widely and drew from masters of Suzhou in Jiangsu Province, such as Shen Zhou, and from the Huating (modern Songjiang in Shanghai Municipality) circle of painters, including such artists as Sun Kehong (1533–1611) and Chen Jiru, led by Dong Qichang. Lan Ying is said to have shown great talent by the age of eight and to have produced a landscape of mountains, forests, rivers and clouds on the floor of a hall in his house with ashes from the family’s ancestral altar; he copied the works of painters of the Tang (618–907) and Song (960–1279) periods and became proficient in fine-line architectural drawing ( jiehua) and in painting palace ladies, a popular academic genre of previous periods (see China, §V, 3(vii)). He studied the work of the master Huang Gongwang of the Yuan period (1279–1368), and a series of landscapes in album format entitled After the Old Masters (1622; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), carries an inscription by Lan explaining that he had seen a Wang Wei painting in a Suzhou collection and a work by Zhao Lingrang owned by the Orthodox school master and theoretician Dong Qichang. This evidence hints at a new departure for Lan Ying and suggests that he ventured north from Hangzhou to learn at first hand from the innovative painters of the Huating region. The Songjiang practice of imitating ( fang) the styles of old masters appears in a series of albums and handscrolls by Lan Ying. He drew from a wider range of models than most of Dong Qichang’s followers, attempting to combine the strengths of the Hangzhou school of professional painters and the styles of academic masters such as Li Tang and Ma Yuan with the concerns and principles of the ‘Southern school’ painters as defined by Dong Qichang (see China, §V, 5). An early Qing-period (1644–1911) compilation of artists’ biographies, the third supplement to Xia Wenyan’s Tuhui baojian (‘Precious mirror for examining painting’; 1365), states that Lan Ying was an excellent painter of bamboo and rocks, plum and orchids. The literati with whom Lan associated praised his works in the style of Huang Gongwang, but most evaluations of Lan Ying’s skill stress his ability to duplicate the brush manner of his models. The literati usually valued paintings that expressed the noble qualities of the artist or captured the ‘spirit’ (qi) of the model rather than the precise brushwork of a past master. Despite his technical skill and his enthusiastic adoption of the ideals of the Huating circle, Lan opened himself to charges that, according to the influential Chen Jiru, he retained the mannerisms of the academic style favoured at the imperial painting academy. Lan Ying’s early works, exemplified by Listening to a Waterfall in a Pavilion in Spring (1622; hanging scroll, Shenyang, Liaoning Prov. Mus.), show the influence of Song period painting. The composition of Listening to a Waterfall and of a later work, Lofty Autumn among the Peaks of Mount Hua in the Manner of Guan Tong (1652; Shanghai Mus., see fig.), are typical of Lan Ying: a tall central mountain, reminiscent of landscapes of the Northern Song period (960–1126), towers above a series of smaller built-up peaks and ridges that begins in a middle-ground valley among a V-shaped arrangement of trees, cliff-side houses and cascading streams. An inscription on Listening to a Waterfall states that it imitates the style of Li Cheng, and the naturalism—the stippling that gives both texture and shading to earth surfaces, a convincing recession of space, an impression of cool mist and flowing water—is a close imitation of the Song manner. In the later Lofty Autumn, the artist’s concern has shifted from the convincing representation of mass and depth to the arrangement of several heavily outlined shapes given equal weight in the composition. Lan Ying relies less on tonal contrasts and varied geology for effect. Instead, the flat-topped central peak seems to push forward almost as if on the same plane as the foreground. Although rather static and conventional, there is enough of a distinctive touch in Lofty Autumn to raise it above the hackneyed or merely decorative efforts associated with professional painting. After the fall of the Ming dynasty in 1644, Lan Ying’s contact with the literati ceased. Joint works with portrait painters such as Xie Bin (1568–1650), for which he provided landscape settings, and much routine, repetitive painting date from this period. Lan, however, was a prolific painter, given to painting compositions for large hanging scrolls on silk (a format to which his strong, stable compositions were suited) that could be used for a decorative purpose. --DOA", + "date": "1585 - after 1657", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HashimotoSeisui", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hashimoto, Seisui", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. b. in Onomichi, later adopted by his painting teacher, Hashimoto Gaho.", -"date": "1876-1943", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LancasterandLodge", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lancaster and Lodge", + "comment": "Crites, Mitchell Shelby and Ameeta Nanji; India Sublime: Princely Palace Hotels of Rajasthan, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 2007. London firm of Henry Lancaster, understudy of Edwin Lutyens, designer of New Delhi", + "date": "first half 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaskinsOrren", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Haskins, Orren", -"comment": "Sprigg, June; Shaker Design, New York, London: Whitney Museum of American Art, W.W. Norton & Company, 1986. Shaker furniture maker", -"date": "1815-1892", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LandryPierre", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Landry, Pierre", + "comment": "Name used by John Reynolds, architect, Eugene, Oregon. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HassinkJacqueline", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hassink, Jacqueline", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Born in the Netherlands, Hassink (1966) is most known for her global photo art projects that deal with the world of economic power. In a precise and almost scientific way she has mapped the economic globalization of our society by focusing on global FORTUNE 500 companies since 1993. She has collaborated with the most powerful CEOs in the world on projects that take place primarily in their headquarters.", -"date": "born 1966", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LaneCountyPlanningCommission", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lane County Planning Commission", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Agency charged with land use and planning priorities in Lane County, Oregon", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HastenteufelSandra", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hastenteufel, Sandra", -"comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", -"date": "contemporary", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HastingsOC", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hastings, O.C.", -"comment": "MacDonald, George F.; Haida Art, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1996. ", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LaneDanny", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lane, Danny", + "comment": "Fiell, Charlotte and Peter Fiell; Modern Chairs, Cologne: Taschen, 1993. Danny Lane has worked in London since the 1980s. Danny Lane was an architect of the avant-garde furniture movement of the 1980s and also is known as a sculptor and furniture designer. ", + "date": "1955-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HataTeruo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hata, Teruo", -"comment": "Takashina, Shuji, Tetsuro Kagesato and Hideo Tanaka; Yōga to Nihonga, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. Japanese artist", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LangeEmil", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lange, Emil", + "comment": "Kaplan, Wendy; 'The Art That is Life': The Arts and Crafts Movement in America, 1875-1920, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1987. furniture/stained glass", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HatfieldJack", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hatfield, Jack", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from original printed materials donated by Tom Cherrytree, Eugene, Oregon.. 1960s poster artist", -"date": "active 1960s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LangheinCarl", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Langhein, Carl", + "comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", + "date": "1872-1941", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hatiti", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hatiti", -"comment": "Metropolitan Museum of Art; Islamic World, Tokyo: Dai Nippon Printing Co., 2040. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LangloisPierretheElder", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Langlois, Pierre, the Elder", + "comment": "www.fitzmuseum.uk. ", + "date": "d. 1767", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Haug", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Haug", -"comment": "Illustration, no. 4307. ", -"date": "first half 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LangmanElizar", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Langman, Elizar", + "comment": "Great Utopia: the Russian and Soviet Avant-Garde, 1915-1932 , New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1992. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaugheyAnthony", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Haughey, Anthony", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "born 1963", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LanierSidney", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lanier, Sidney", + "comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999 . 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", -"date": "ca. 1375- ca.1470", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LauFookTai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lau, Fook Tai", + "comment": "UO AAA Library Architectural Drawing Collection. Chinese architectural student at UO", + "date": "born ca. 1895", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HeDuoling", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "He, Duoling", -"comment": "Cohen, Joan Lebold; New Chinese Painting, 1949-1986, New York: Harry Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1987. 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Godwin.", -"date": "1829-1914", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LevinAndy", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Levin, Andy", + "comment": "Steele, Valerie; Fetish: Fashion, Sex and Power, New York; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HinesGrundstucksentwicklungGmbH", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hines Grundstucksentwicklung GmbH", -"comment": "GA Document, no. 66. 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", + "date": "1912-1980s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HintzFrederick", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hintz, Frederick", -"comment": "Gilbert, Christopher; John Channon and brass-inlaid furniture, 1730-1760, New Haven: Yale University Press in association with Leeds City Art Galleries and the Victoria and Albert Museum, 1993. German émigré cabinetmaker who did brass-inlaid work related to John Channon in the Rococo George II style. ", -"date": "1711-1772", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LevinWayne", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Levin, Wayne", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "b. 1945", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HiraiTerushichi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hirai, Terushichi", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1900-1970", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LevshunovaLiliiaIAkovlevna", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Levshunova, Liliia IAkovlevna", + "comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. ", + "date": "active 1971", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hiro", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hiro", -"comment": "Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. New York: Abbeville Press, 1997.. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LevstikFrank", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Levstik, Frank", + "comment": "Kepes, Gyorgy; Language of Vision, Chicago: Paul Theobald, 1944. ", + "date": "active 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hironobu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hironobu", -"comment": "Smith, Lawrence; Ukiyoe: Images of Unknown Japan, London: British Museum Publications, Ltd., 1988. He was probably a member of the official Kano School of painters, but he clearly cannot be the Kano Hironobu known to have lived in the early eighteenth century.", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LevyBenjamin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Levy, Benjamin", + "comment": "Mazrui, Ali A.; Africans: A Triple Heritage, First Paperback edition, Boston; Toronto: Little, Brown and Company, 1986. ", + "date": "early 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HiroshimaShintaro", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hiroshima, Shintaro", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1889-1951", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LevyStu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Levy, Stu", + "comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. American photographer", + "date": "b. 1948", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HiserDavid", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hiser, David", -"comment": "World of the American Indian, Revised edition, Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 1989. photographer", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LewisCarolynK", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lewis, Carolyn K.", + "comment": "Bennett, Michael, Aaron J. Paul, and Mario Iozzo; Magna Graecia: Greek Art From South Italy and Sicily, Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2002. illustrator", + "date": "active 2000s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HishamCaliph", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hisham, Caliph", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "724-727", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LewisCynthiaGano", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lewis, Cynthia Gano", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HishikawaMorohira", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hishikawa, Morohira", -"comment": "Clark, Timothy, Anne Nichimura Morse, Louise E. Virgin and Allen Hockley; Dawn of the Floating World, 1650-1765: Early Ukiyo-e Treasures from the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, London, New York: Royal Academy of Arts, 2001. ", -"date": "fl. 1688-1711", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HishikawaSori", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hishikawa, Sori", -"comment": "Morse, Anne Nishimura; Drama and Desire: Japanese Paintings from the Floating World, 1690-1850, Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 2007. The disciple to whom Katsushika Hokusai passed on the Sori name.", -"date": "fl. 1789-1818", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LewisDavidChambers", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lewis, David Chambers", + "comment": "UO VRC Mounted Photographs Collection. American architect, born Portland, Oregon, studied at Princeton and Columbia, worked in Portland", + "date": "1867-1918", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HMGandAssociates", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "HMG and Associates", -"comment": "Benedikt, Michael; Overland Partners: Building on Values: Costruire sui valori, Milan: L'Arca Edizioni, 2002. Austin and San Antonio", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LewisGRobert", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lewis, G. Robert", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoSiukee", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ho, Siu-kee", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born and resides in Hong Kong; studied Chinese University of Hong Kong and Cranbrook Academy of Art.", -"date": "born 1964", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HobartMaunfacturingCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hobart Maunfacturing Company", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LewisSinclair", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lewis, Sinclair", + "comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", + "date": "active ca. 1935", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HobartLewisParsons", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hobart, Lewis Parsons", -"comment": "Name from Art on File. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LewisWF", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lewis, W. F.", + "comment": "UO VRC Mounted Photographs Collection. ", + "date": "active ca. 1880", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HobbsChristopher", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hobbs, Christopher", -"comment": "George, Michael and Consuelo M. Correcher; Gardens of Spain, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1993. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LewthwaiteCliftonR", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lewthwaite, Clifton R.", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HobeCharlesF", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hobe, Charles F.", -"comment": "Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute; Masterpieces of American furniture from the Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, NY: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1999. ", -"date": "active 1839-1869", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LexNerlingerAlice", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lex-Nerlinger, Alice", + "comment": "Blume, Eugen; Kunst in Berlin 1648-1987, Berlin: Henschelverlag, 1987. ", + "date": "1893-1975", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HobéGeorges", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hobé, Georges", -"comment": "Wynants, Maurits; Des Ducs de Brabant aux Villages Congolais: Tervuren et l'Exposition coloniale 1897, Tervuren: Musee royal de l'Afrique centrale, 1997. ", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LeylandFrederickR", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Leyland, Frederick R.", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Liverpool shipowner and patron of artists, in particular, James McNeill Whistler.", + "date": "1832-1892", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hoch", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hoch", -"comment": "Asian Art Photographic Distribution; 300 Years of Japanese Painting. German engineer", -"date": "active mid 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LeyritzLéon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Leyritz, Léon", + "comment": "Brunhammer, Yvonne and Suzanne Tise; Decorative Arts in France, 1900-1942, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1990. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HockenhullJ", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hockenhull. J.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HodgesAndrewJackson", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hodges, Andrew Jackson", -"comment": "Turner, Suzanne and A.J. Meek; Gardens of Louisiana: Places of Work and Wonder, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997. ", -"date": "active ca. 1945-1955", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiAnzhong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Anzhong", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32a4z45 Alternate names: Li An-chung, 李安忠 Song dynasty The development of the visual arts in the Southern Song period under the leadership of the Academy was especially significant for Chinese painting. Gaozong reassembled the artists who had belonged to the Northern Song court and soon was able to reconstitute Huizong’s painting academy. Li Tang was especially honoured among the old masters: his name was the first on the list of members; he was made daizhao (‘painter in attendance’) and received the traditional title jindai (‘golden girdle’). Su Hanchen, Li Anzhong (c. 1117–1140), Li Di and Zhao Boju painted the traditional themes of birds, flowers, scholars at leisure and scenes of palace life in an attempt to recapture the glories of the past. --DOA After Zhao Lingrang's death, his style was still practised with fidelity in the Southern Song period as exemplified by an album leaf in ink and colours on silk, Cottages in a Misty Grove in Autumn (Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.), signed and dated 1177 by Li Anzhong, a painter of the Imperial Academy. --DOA", + "date": "active second half 12th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HodgesJohn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hodges, John", -"comment": "Goodison, Nicholas; Matthew Boulton: Ormolu, revised edition, London: Christie's, 2002. furniture maker", -"date": "active end of the 18th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiBin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Bin", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", + "date": "active ca. 1980", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HodgettsVickie", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hodgetts, Vickie", -"comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", -"date": "active ca. 1972", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiCheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Cheng", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32c39 Alternate names: Li Ch'eng, 李成 Five dynasties (b ad 919; d 967). Chinese painter. His ancestors, members of the imperial clan, were natives of Chang’an (now Xi’an, Shaanxi Province), the Tang-dynasty (ad 618–907) capital. During disturbances at the end of the 9th century the clan split into two branches. Li’s grandfather, who settled in Qingzhou (now Shandong), and his father both held official posts. From 956 to 958 Li was in government service in Bianliang (now Kaifeng), at the invitation of his friend Wang Pu, then Commissioner of Military Affairs for Emperor Shizong (reg 944–54). Li came to know many important scholar–officials, but, despondent after the death of Wang, took to poetry, music, painting and drink. His paintings became sought after, but he remained at first socially aloof. Later he became a habitual wanderer, until, some time after 964, he accepted an invitation to live in Huaiyang (Henan Province), where he died of overindulgence in wine. Li Cheng exemplifies the Chinese phenomenon of a profoundly admired artist whose true style was, within a century of his death, obscured by unreliable attributions, the relationships of which to the original can no longer be determined. His fame was established early in the Northern Song period (960–1127), when critics considered his brushwork to have ‘captured the miracle of creation [and] Li to have become the master of a hundred generations’. The Xuanhe huapu (‘Xuanhe collection of painting’, catalogue of the collection of Emperor Huizong (reg 1101–25); preface dated 1120) states, ‘When it comes to landscapes, Li Cheng remains unmatched in history or in the present day’. The outspoken artist and critic Mi Fu was ambivalent in his assessment of Li, whom he decried as having ‘vulgar airs…with much skilful artifice but little natural spirit’. At the same time, Mi described Li’s painting methods in meticulous detail, thereby revealing how attentively he had studied them. In the Hua shi (‘History of painting’; c. 1100), Mi claimed to have seen 300 imitations and only two genuine works, a four-scroll set of landscapes and another of pines and rocks; he was thus rejecting the authenticity of 159 attributions to Li in the Xuanhe huapu. The Xuanhe compiler had admired in particular Li’s brush-power (bili) and quoted Li’s alleged self-appraisal, ‘I am a Confucian scholar who paints only for my own pleasure. How could people summon me to deploy pigments in their homes and to be treated as a professional painter!’ Li Cheng was one of the earliest of the upper-class Chinese scholars who regarded painting as a private spiritual activity (a cast of mind and pursuit known as shidai fu hua). He took great pains to depict in detail rugged mountains, generally with a massive peak or cliff dominating the picture (see fig.). The critic Guo Ruoxu (11th century) ranked Li Cheng and Fan kuan, a student of Li’s work, as the absolute masters of landscape painting, and it was to them that two major schools of painting, differing in overall style and specifically in ink techniques, traced their origins (see Dong yuan). After Li Cheng’s death, the scarcity of his works, combined with the admiration in which they came to be held, spawned energetic and continuous production of forgeries. In the 13th century these specimens had become so common and so inferior as almost to obliterate Li’s reputation as the finest landscapist of his time. Critics such as Yuan Haowen (1190–1257), writing in 1234, lamented (inappropriately, for he was misled by imitations) that Li’s brush spirit was ‘fragmented and confused, exuding an aura of the professional hack’. Nevertheless, Li Cheng’s iconic status among collectors and writers has remained relatively undiminished throughout the history of Chinese painting criticism. During the Southern Song period (1127–1279) the Li–Guo style (named after Li Cheng and his late 11th-century follower Guo xi) became an established stream in painting. During the first two decades of the 14th century, the Li–Guo style in its Yuan-period (1279–1368) transformation was introduced to Korea, where it became a foundation for Chosŏn-period (1392–1910) academic painting (see Korea, §IV, 2(i)(d)); its reverberations are also found as far west as Persia in the landscape elements of miniature painting. In the 14th century Li Cheng ceded celebrity to Guo Xi, whose landscapes feature convoluted mountain shapes. However, the restlessness and turbulence associated until modern times with the Li–Guo school are probably wrongly attributed in view of the copious retouchings and inventive accretions inflicted on the works in the Yuan and early Ming (1368–1644) periods. The earliest observers did not mention the air of agitation that Li Cheng’s paintings reputedly exuded. Mi Fu wrote: Extraordinarily elegant and moist, the pine trunk is sinuous and straight, the branches and leaves create shade, the small woods and brambles show no redundant brushwork and do not coil like dragons, snakes or goblin spirits…. When making a tree knot, [Li] does not draw an ink circle but deposits a huge wet blob, then draws across the gap with a brush of thoroughly pale ink, looking as if made in heaven. Across are modelled rocks rising out of the water round and moist. From the peak the brushstroke plunges straight down to be level with the foot of the rock…there is a rock in the water, below which pale ink wash is deployed for reflection, creating gravel that sinks straight down in the water. This is unlike common imitations with their [confused] straight and oblique strokes that reveal no ground at the bottom, nor any water dynamics, [where things] float as if in mid-air, so that those who have not seen real autographs criticise Li Cheng works as having no feet. Mi stressed the sparing use of ink, the simplicity of brushwork and the straightness of forms typical of genuine Li Cheng examples. He also noted the insubstantiality and the excessive curlicues that were emerging among late 11th-century forgeries. Among surviving attributions, none is of the period. The vertical landscape Solitary Temple amid Clearing Peaks (Kansas City, MO, Nelson–Atkins Mus. A.; see Confucianism, fig. 1) represents what may be considered an anonymous late 11th-century view of the Jing Hao–Fan Kuan style. All other works in Li Cheng’s style depict gnarled, wintry trees or are landscapes inspired by Guo Xi. The rendition of earthen banks and desolate trees in the left upper section of Guo Xi’s Early Spring (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.; for illustration see Guo xi), painted in 1072, fully a century after Li’s death, offers an indirect glimpse into Li’s manner, specifically the claim that he ‘used ink sparingly as if it were gold’ (see also China, fig. 121). Li’s son, Li Jue (ad 948–93), who passed the national civil service examination to become a jinshi, in 988 invited fellow historiographer Song Bai to write his father’s official tomb biography (muzhi ming). Li Jue and his son Li You both became well-known Confucian scholars and did not wish the family to be associated with the craft of painting, which had not yet acquired its respectability as a form of literati self-expression. Li You therefore paid high prices to buy back paintings attributed to Li Cheng, although many of them were probably imitations by his fellow townsman of Yingqiu (now Linzi, Shandong Province), the musician Cui Yuanshen, who had successfully mastered the Li Cheng manner. --DOA", + "date": "919 - 967", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HodgsonIsaac", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hodgson, Isaac", -"comment": "VRC mounted photo coll, Oregon Obliviate. ", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiChun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Chun", + "comment": "China Publications Center; Modern Chinese Woodcuts, Beijing: Guozi Shudian, 1965. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoeckeDesselVan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hoecke-Dessel, Van", -"comment": "Loze, Pierre and François Loze; Belgium Art Nouveau: from Victor Horta to Antoine Pompe, Ghent: Eiffel Editions, 1991. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiCunsong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Cunsong", + "comment": "Rotondo, Lisa E.; Chinese Revolutionary Woodcuts, 1935-1948: From the Herman Collection, Middletown (CT): Davison Art Center, 1984. alternate name: Li Cun Song", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoffJohn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hoff, John", -"comment": "Zimmerman, Philip; Harmony in Wood, Ambridge, PA: Friends of Old Economy Village, 2010. American clockmaker from Lancaster, PA., son of clockmaker George Hoff", -"date": "active end of 18th century-1819", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiDinu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Dinu", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Encompassing film, photography and video, Dinu Li's practice centres on the relationship between the personal and the political, the public and the private. Shaped by forces that determine our social structures, Li draws inspiration from an engagement with the many cultures he encounters.", + "date": "born 1965", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoffmanLeeHawley", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hoffman, Lee Hawley", -"comment": "Pacific Coast Architecture Database. ", -"date": "active 1922-present", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiDong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Dong", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32d38 Alternate names: Li Tung, 李宗諤 Song dynasty Painted figures and flowers. --Seymour", + "date": "active ca. 1225 - 1264", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HofmanJ", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hofman, J.", -"comment": "Loze, Pierre and François Loze; Belgium Art Nouveau: from Victor Horta to Antoine Pompe, Ghent: Eiffel Editions, 1991. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiFangying", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Fangying", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32f24y29 Alternate names: Li Fang-ying, 李方膺 Qing dynasty Painted pine trees, bamboo, orchids, chrysanthemums in the xie-yi manner. --Seymour", + "date": "1695 - 1754", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HogenEni", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hogen, En'i", -"comment": "Nakano, Masaki; Engie to nisee : Kamakura no kaiga kōgei, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993 (4061964097). ", -"date": "1299", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiFenglan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Fenglan", + "comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese painter of peasant paintings", + "date": "b. 1933", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoggPam", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hogg, Pam", -"comment": "Polhemus, Ted. Streetstyle: From Sidewalk to Catwalk. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1994. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiFulai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Fulai", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Heilongjiang Province, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 李福来", + "date": "born 1938", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HohenbüchlerChristine", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hohenbüchler, Christine", -"comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", -"date": "born 1964", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiGemin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Gemin", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Li Keh-min ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HohenbüchlerIrene", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hohenbüchler, Irene", -"comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", -"date": "born 1964", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiGonglin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Gonglin", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32g33l38 Alternate names: Li Kung-lin, 李公麟 Song dynasty (b Shucheng County, Anhui Province, c. 1047; d 1106). Chinese painter and collector. He was from a family of scholar-officials, possibly related to the Li clan who were rulers of the Southern Tang (ad 937–75). In 1070 he passed the national civil-service examinations to gain the title of jinshi, which in the Song period (960–1279) was the culmination of scholarly achievement and means to the highest official careers. Li Gonglin, however, began by retiring to his native district. Little is known of Li’s life during the 1070s. He was joined by friends in the mountains, and around 1076 went to Nanjing to visit the reformer Wang Anshi (1021–86). In early 1078, Li bought land in Mt Longmian, south-west of Shucheng, and began building a villa that he later depicted in a handscroll painting. A surviving copy of this painting is Shanzhuang tu (‘Longmian mountain villa’; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), one scene of which, ‘Hall of Ink Meditation’, alludes to Li’s practice of calligraphy and painting as a means to enlightenment; there are also other versions (Beijing, Pal. Mus. and Florence, I Tatti). In 1079 Li left his mountain home to serve as an examination official in the capital Bianliang (modern Kaifeng, Henan Province) and shortly after was transferred to Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, and Zhangyuan, Hunan Province, where he may have met the artists Mi Fu and Huang Tingjian. By early 1086, Li had returned to Kaifeng and was promoted to a post in the Secretariat Chancellery. During his decade in the capital, Li renewed old friendships and cultivated new ones, becoming acquainted with Su Shi and his brother, with Wang Shen, Zhang Lei (1052–1112) and others. As collector, antiquarian and connoisseur, Li left his imprint on many aspects of art. The numerous extant paintings bearing his name demonstrate his versatility; in the genres of figure painting, horse painting and landscape, Li set a standard that remained exemplary. Among the paintings of horses attributed to Li, two are arguably genuine. Five Tribute Horses (see fig.) has no artist’s signature or seals, but the two colophons dated 1090 and 1131, written respectively by Huang Tingjian and Zeng (1073–1135), confirm its authenticity. The painting, following a type familiar in the Tang period (ad 618–907) but executed in baimiao or ink outline, a medium associated with the 4th-century painter Gu Kaizhi and in which Li was the acknowledged master, depicts five horses sent as tribute from West Asia, each led by a groom from a different country. One of the horses has been identified as having been sent to the Song court in 1088, when Li would have been aged 40 to 42. The painting disappeared in World War II. Pasturing Horses, after Wei Yan of the Tang Dynasty (handscroll, ink and colour on silk; Beijing, Pal. Mus.) was executed, according to the artist’s inscription, by imperial order after a lost Tang painting. A triumph of organization, it marshalls over 1200 horses and more than 100 human figures in an expanse of pasture. A comparison with the hunting scene from the Tang tomb of Prince Zhanghuai (d 682; reburied 706) at Qian xian, Shaanxi Province, shows how the painting corresponds to the processional paintings that were presumably common in the Tang period. Paintings attributed to Li referring to the classics and history include the Classic of Filial Piety (New York, Met.). This originally consisted of 18 sections, of which 15 remain, each with an illustration and a transcription from the Confucian Xiaojing (‘Classic of filial piety’), written in the old-fashioned style of the calligrapher Zhong You (ad 151–230). Though also executed in baimiao, the brushwork is less confident than that of Five Tribute Horses; it has been suggested that the painting ‘has the look of a first draft’, but a mistake in the prescribed number of bells for Confucian rites in one scene, which Li surely would not have made, suggests that this is in fact an early copy after Li. A Classic of Filial Piety (Shanghai Mus.) in five scenes with text in seal script (zhuanshu) is dated to the Yuan period (1279–1368) and is very similar in style to the scroll in the Metropolitan Museum. Even as imitations, these paintings are valuable as revivals of the archetype Li established. Li’s renderings in baimiao of other literary subjects, such as Tao Yuanming’s Returning Home and Qu Yuan’s Nine Songs, were also frequently imitated. Li also painted Buddhist and Daoist subjects, though none of these have survived in the original: a painting of Vimalakirti depicting the layman attended by a devi holding a flower is generally considered to be a Southern Song (1127–1279) painting (Tokyo, N. Mus.), and a long handscroll of Buddhist and Daoist figures (London, BM) with a colophon by the Yuan connoisseur Yu Ji (1272–1348) is imitative of Li’s style. Li Gonglin established a canon of classical styles, based on the achievements of some of the greatest figure, landscape and animal painters of the Tang and pre-Tang period (see Barnhart). He is considered a master of the highest order: his classical learning informed every aspect of his painting. --DOA", + "date": "1049 - 1106", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HOK", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "HOK", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. the largest U.S.-based architecture- engineering firm; formerly Hellmuth, Obata + Kassabaum", -"date": "est. 1955", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiGongnian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Gongnian", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32g33n34 Alternate names: Li Kung-nien, 李公年 Song dynasty Painted landscapes. --Seymour", + "date": "late 11th - early 12th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HokadoHatsukuni", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hokado, Hatsukuni", -"comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Japanese printmaker", -"date": "active ca. 1825", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiGuijun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Guijun", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hokkei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hokkei", -"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. Hokkei was famous for the quality of his tsuishu carvings of netsuke, netsuke masks, pipe cases, and even some inro.", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiGuo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Guo", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Wenxian, Henan Province; council member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 里果 ", + "date": "born 1933", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HokkyoKorin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hokkyo, Korin", -"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiHan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Han", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist, organized an avant-garde group called the Black Union of Southwest Lu (Luxinan heise lianmeng) in Heze, Shandong Province, in November 1985. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HokuchoShunshosai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hokucho, Shunshosai", -"comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker, pupil of Hokushu, worked in Osaka. Alternate name: Shunsho.", -"date": "active 1822-1830", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiHua", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Hua", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). Born in Guangzhou to a merchant family and a key organizer of the Society for Research on Modern Creative Prints, otherwise known as the Modern Woodcut Society (Xiandai banhua hui) that published eighteen issues of Modern Woodcut between 1934 and 1936.", + "date": "1907-1994", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hokuei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hokuei", -"comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker in Osaka, pupil of Shunko Hokushu. Alternate names: Hokuei, Sekka, Sekkaro, Shumbaisai, Shumbaitei, Shunko, Shunkosai, Shun'yosai. Possible to confuse this artist with Tokoen Hokuei who used the same kanji for his go name.", -"date": "active 1829-1837", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiHuanmin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Huanmin", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Beijing. council member of the Chinese Artists' Association, vice-president of Sichuan branch of the Chinese Artists' Association, council member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; original name: He Guoru; alternate name: 李焕民", + "date": "born 1930", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HokumyoShunkosai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hokumyo, Shunkosai", -"comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker", -"date": "active ca. 1830", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiHuayi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Huayi", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HokuseiTohonan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hokusei, Tohonan", -"comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker", -"date": "active ca. 1832", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HolabirdandRootLLC", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Holabird & Root LLC", -"comment": "Emporis; http://www.emporis.com. The successor firm to Holabird & Roche, founded in 1880 and one of the earliest builders of skyscrapers", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiJingyang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Jingyang", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", + "date": "active ca. 1975", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HolcombMike", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Holcomb, Mike", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Assistant Dean for Technology in the Arts at the University of Arizona and Director of Treistman Center for New Media in the College of Fine Arts (2011)", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiJun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Jun", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1931-1949 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981;. alternate name: 力军", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoldenJackandPat", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Holden, Jack and Pat", -"comment": "Turner, Suzanne and A.J. Meek; Gardens of Louisiana: Places of Work and Wonder, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997. Landscapers and restorers of Maison Chenal who are also historians of early Louisiana material culture", -"date": "active after 1975", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiKan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Kan", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32k24 Alternate names: Li K'an, 李衎 Yuan dynasty (b Beijing, 1244; d Yangzhou, Zhejiang province, 1320). Chinese painter and government official. He was born in northern China after the Mongols had taken over that area from the Jürchen Jin dynasty (1115–1234) but before they had conquered southern China. As a result he spent his life serving under the Mongol Yuan dynasty, which ruled China from 1279 to 1368. From a modest family, he began as a petty official and was gradually promoted to become one of the highest officials at court. As a boy he had studied the paintings of Wang Danyou and his father Wang Tingyun, the greatest painter of bamboo during the Jin period. Their work led him to study that of Wen Tong, the originator of the literati tradition of bamboo painting during the Northern Song period (960–1127). Absorbing these examples, Li developed his own style and came to be recognized as the great bamboo painter of the early Yuan period. In his wide travels in southern China and in Annam (now Vietnam), where he acted as an envoy, he studied the many different species of bamboo and in 1307 completed Zhupu xianglu (‘Bamboo manual’). Combining the study of paintings of the old masters as models with observation of bamboo in its natural habitat, he was able to achieve a new synthesis in this genre. Li Kan first travelled to Yangzhou on the River Yangzi in southern Jiangsu Province around 1281. Having grown up in the north, he became completely taken with the contrasting culture of the south, which still retained the cultural and artistic brilliance that had been developed during the Southern Song period (1127–1279), especially in Lin’an (Hangzhou), the old dynastic capital. He was particularly interested in the literati painting tradition and, with such northern artists as Gao Kegong and Xianyu Shu (?1257–1302), became an admirer of the southern tradition. He befriended many southern scholars and painters, especially Zhao Mengfu, and took up residence in Yangzhou, where he eventually died after having returned to the capital, Dadu (Khanbalik, now Beijing), for some years to serve at court. Among his surviving works are two handscrolls that were originally one, but which were probably separated during the Ming period (1368–1644): Bamboo (ink on paper; Kansas City, MO, Nelson–Atkins Mus. A.), which depicts two clumps of bamboo; and The Four Purities (ink on paper, 1307; Beijing, Pal. Mus.), which portrays bamboos, orchids, wutong trees and rocks. These scrolls represent the full range of techniques employed by Li when depicting bamboo in monochrome ink and his keen eye for the subtleties that differentiate the species. Many of his bamboo compositions, mounted as hanging scrolls and mostly executed in ink on silk, are now in the collections of the Palace Museum, Beijing, the Nanjing Museum, the Guangdong Provincial Museum, Guangzhou, the National Palace Museum, Taipei, the Imperial Household Collection, Tokyo, and the Metropolitan Museum, New York. Some show his technique of drawing the plants and leaves in outline and others exemplify his calligraphic technique, whereby such elements as leaves and stem segments are executed in a single stroke. Both types combine realism with the symbolic expression of literati feeling and aspirations, as do his paintings of tall pines (e.g. Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.; Indianapolis, IN, Mus. A.). Li Kan’s contribution to the history of bamboo painting lies in his revival of an interest in the literati tradition of Wen Tong and Su Shi in the early Yuan period and in his combination of the northern and southern traditions in bamboo to form a new tradition, which became established as one of the mainstreams of bamboo painting. --DOA", + "date": "1245 - 1320", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HolidayCatherineRaven", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Holiday, Catherine Raven", -"comment": "Parry, Linda; William Morris, London, New York: Philip Wilson Publishers Ltd., Harry N. Abrams, Inc. Publishers, 1996. Freelance embroiderer for William Morris; married to Henry Holiday of the pre-Raphaelite artists; alt. name: Kate", -"date": "active ca. 1875", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiKeran", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Keran", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32k27r22 Alternate names: Li K'o-jan, 李可染 Modern (b Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 26 March 1907; d Beijing, 5 Dec 1989). Chinese painter. The son of a poor peasant family, Li studied painting under Pan Tianshou in 1923 at the Shanghai Academy of Fine Art, then in 1929 enrolled in graduate studies in oil painting and drawing at the National Academy of Art in Hangzhou, Jiangsu Province. The director of the Academy, Lin fengmian, was a modernist who helped to introduce Western art techniques to China. While in Hangzhou, Li Keran practised Chinese painting and studied art theory on his own. As a political activist he also joined the Eighteen Society, a progressive art group inspired by Lu Xun. In 1932 he returned to Xuzhou to teach in a private art school. When war broke out with Japan in 1937, Li moved first to Wuhan, Hubei Province, and then, after the death of his wife, Su E, to Chongqing, Sichuan Province, where he organized groups of artists to participate in anti-Japanese activities. It was in Chongqing that he developed his own style based on traditional Chinese painting. His familiar renditions of herd boys and water buffaloes date from this period. Softness of Twilight (Chang, p. 101) shows an inky buffalo tethered in the foreground and two boys in the background perched on a tree, playing flutes. The traditional subject is playfully rendered, with a mastery of suffused and modelled ink that Li later transferred to landscapes. In 1943 Li married Zhou Peizhu and taught Chinese painting at the Chongqing National Art College. In 1946, he accepted Xu Beihong’s invitation to teach at the Beiping [Beijing] Academy of Art and moved to Beijing, where he studied with Qi Baishi and Huang Binhong. When the Central Academy of Fine Arts was founded in 1950, he was appointed Professor of Chinese painting, a post that he held until his death in 1989. During the 1950s Li Keran took a number of government-sponsored trips to various provinces in China and began to paint landscapes such as Road to Shu (Chang, p. 103). The government policy of sponsoring Chinese artists’ travel was meant to foster Socialist Realism, but Li resisted the pressure to paint in that style and held to the traditional Chinese theory that individual interpretation is more important than form. He wrote that ‘it is idiotic to imitate nature slavishly in the style of those who tend toward naturalism. It should be noted that the artist paints not only what he sees, but what he knows … [He] relies not only on his senses … but what is more important, on thought.’ (Li K’o-jan, 1959, p. 146). In an article published in Chinese Literature in 1961 Li also protested against the idea that peasants and workers could become painters simply because their ideology was sound, pointing out that consistent and long-term training was needed to become a professional artist. In the early 1960s Li finally succumbed to political pressure. In Ten Thousand Crimson Hills (1964; see Mayching Kao, pl. 2) the monumental mountain is presented in a traditional composition, but the foliage is ablaze with red, the colour of revolutionary fervour, and the title is an obvious allusion to one of Mao’s poems. In 1964 Li also wrote a favourable review of the People’s Liberation Army exhibition in Beijing, probably under pressure to atone for his earlier criticism. Despite his efforts to appear politically correct, during the Cultural Revolution (1966–76) Li was not allowed to paint but performed manual labour in the countryside along with his colleagues from the Central Academy. When Zhou Enlai commissioned artists in late 1971 to decorate Beijing’s hotels and state buildings with traditional Chinese paintings, Li Keran briefly came back into political favour, painting such works for the government as a large painting of the Li River for the Minzu Hotel. His paintings from the early 1970s are full, rich mountain landscapes built up through layers of saturated ink. Many of them are political, such as Marching through Loushan Pass at Sunset (see Cohen, pl. 343), which shows an episode from the Long March and illustrates a poem by Mao. However, in 1974 Jiang Qing mounted another attack on traditional Chinese painters, and Li Keran was castigated as a ‘black painter’. His work Mountain Village after Rain (see Laing, pl. 13), a masterful contrast of subtly modelled ink wash, mountains and misty water with neat white houses and bright pink cherry blossoms, was censured as nothing but black ink and black water. In the early 1980s Li returned to the spontaneous and warmly humorous style of non-political figure painting he had used in the 1940s. Playfulness in the Autumn (1982; see Lim, pl. 22) shows two herd boys playing while their water buffaloes sleep. Laughing Monk (1983; see Lim, pl. 21) shows a fat, jovial monk laughing at the cares of the world. Later in the decade he painted more of the dark, full, richly coloured landscapes that he had first begun to experiment with in the 1950s, bringing them at last to full fruition. --DOA", + "date": "1907 - 1989", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HollandH", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Holland, H.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiLantai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Lantai", + "comment": "Rawski, Evelyn S. and Jessica Rawson; China: The Three Emperors, 1662-1795, London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2005. ", + "date": "fl. ca. 1738-1786", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HollerbaumandSchmidt", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hollerbaum & Schmidt", -"comment": "Deutsches Historisches Museum; Kunst! Kommerz! Visionen!: Deutsche Plakate, 1888-1933, Heidelberg: Edition Braus, 1992. Berlin", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiLiufang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Liufang", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32l42f24 Alternate names: Li Liu-fang, 李流芳 Ming dynasty (b She xian, Anhui Province, 1575; d 1629). Chinese painter and poet. His family moved to Jiading, now part of Shanghai, where he spent most of his life. Li received his juren degree in 1606 and twice attempted the higher examinations, failing the first and arriving late for the second, which disqualified him. Having the means, he chose to abandon pursuit of a government career to lead a cultured life of leisure. He built a house and garden in Nanxiang, near Jiading, called Tan yuan (Sandalwood Garden) after the sandalwood trees that grew there, using the garden’s name thereafter as one of his hao names. He is classed, along with Tang Shisheng (1551–1636), Lou Jian (d 1631) and Cheng Jiasu (1565–1644), as one of the Four Gentlemen of Jiading. All were well-known poets, and Li and Cheng were painters. Li is not known as a calligrapher, although he had an adequately trained hand in a style based on that of Su Shi. In seal-carving, contemporaries praised him as the rival of He Shen ( fl c. 1573–1620). However, while He Shen turned to Han-period (206 bc–ad 220) seals as models (see China, §XIII, 24), carving intaglio and deliberately wrecking surfaces to give an antique flavour, Li typically carved in relief, in the more conservative style used by Zhao Mengfu of the 13th and 14th centuries and Wen Peng of the 16th. Li also enjoyed carving bamboo. In painting Li is best known as a landscapist. Almost 100 of his works are recorded, and his dated paintings, according to Guo Weichu (1908–71), range from 1614 to 1628. His acknowledged model was the Yuan (1279–1368) master Wu zhen. One landscape, Thin Forest and Distant Mountains (Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.), is typical of his style. Although, like Wu Zhen, Li favoured a brush loaded with wet wash, his schematic composition, with its abbreviation and repetition of elements, was far closer to the work of Dong Qichang, the most influential painter of the period. In a vertical format, a few meagre trees, rooted in a small island of rocks, stretch up over the expanse of water behind to overlap a distant mountain. The viewer’s gaze is drawn straight up the picture. Black dabs of ink in the foreground foliage, repeated on the surface of the mountain, reinforce the vertical line. The result is a compact, tightly knit work. Although Li’s paintings had a limited range of style and composition and lacked the weight and intricacy of line and texture found in artists of greater talent, he was capable of producing work of fresh, nonchalant elegance. His son, Li Hangzhi (d 1644), painted in a similar style. --DOA", + "date": "1575 - 1629", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HolmbergWilliam", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Holmberg, William", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiMuer", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Muer", + "comment": "Cohen, Joan Lebold; New Chinese Painting, 1949-1986, New York: Harry Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1987. Chinese painter from Quanzhou, Fujian province; member of the Southern Fujian Art Group during the Cultural Revolution", + "date": "b. 1953", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HolmesandHaines", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Holmes and Haines", -"comment": "Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute; Masterpieces of American furniture from the Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, NY: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1999. Edward Holmes (born 1780-1790) and Simeon Haines (born 1800)", -"date": "1825-1829", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiPingfan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Pingfan", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Tianjin; original name: Li Wenkun; alternate names: Li Ken, 李平凡 ", + "date": "born 1922", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HolmesK", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Holmes, K.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiQi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Qi", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + "date": "born 1928", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HolmgrenRobert", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Holmgren, Robert", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. photographer", -"date": "active late 20th cenutry", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiQue", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Que", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32q36 Alternate names: Li Ch'üeh, 李確 Song dynasty Pupil of Liang Kai. Painted landscapes. --Seymour", + "date": "active mid 13th century ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoltHelenJean", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Holt, Helen Jean", -"comment": "UO AAA Library Architectural Drawing Collection. UO architecture student 1920s-30s", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiQun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Qun", + "comment": "Laing, Ellen Johnston; Winking Owl: Art from the People's Republic of China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988 (0520060970). from Shanxi, woodcut artist; alternate name: 力群", + "date": "born 1912", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HongLei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hong, Lei", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, photographer and installation artist, born in Changzhou, Jiangsu province, studied painting at the Nanjing Art College (graduated 1987), studied printmaking at the Central Academy of Fine Arts in Beijing.", -"date": "b. 1960", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiRongjin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Rongjin", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32r29j32 Alternate names: Li Jung-chin, 李容瑾 Yuan dynasty Specialized in boundary painting, followed Wang Zhenpeng. --Seymour", + "date": "active 1300-1350", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HongSesop", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hong, Se-sop", -"comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Korean painter of the Chosen period (1392-1910). He was born into a family of scholars and passed the examination to become an official in the central government, taking up a post in the Royal Chancellery. It appears that he did not start painting until relatively late in his life, as there are only a few extant examples of his work.", -"date": "1832-1884", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiRuiqing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Ruiqing", + "comment": "Fong, Wen; Between Two Cultures: Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Chinese Paintings From the Robert H. Ellsworth Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; New Haven: Metropolitan Museum of Art; Yale University Press, 2001. ", + "date": "1867-1920", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoodandHowells", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hood and Howells", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -"date": "after 1913", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiShan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Shan", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. Chinese painter, part of the No Name group and the Yuyuantan Lake School of Painting (Yuyuantan huapai) b. Heilongjiang province, PRC Shanghai Drama Institute, 1968", + "date": "b. 1942", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoodMary", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hood, Mary", -"comment": "Myers, J. Wilson, Eleanor Emlen Myers and Gerald Cadogan; Aerial Atlas of Ancient Crete, Berkeley; Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1992. ", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiShaoyan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Shaoyan", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. from Shandong; alternate name: 李少言", + "date": "1918-2002", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoodRaymondMathewson", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hood, Raymond Mathewson", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1881-1934", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiShida", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Shida", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32s43d22 Alternate names: Li Shih-ta, 李士達 Ming dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province; fl c. 1580–1620). Chinese painter. He earned his living by painting both landscapes and figures and was heir to the late Wu school painting tradition. His paintings display an impressive range of styles and subjects from literati themes, as in Gazing Out from a Pavilion in the Mountains (ink and colour on paper; 1618; Tokyo, Seikadō Bunko), to more careful and conservative compositions of figures in landscapes, such as Tao Yuanming Appreciating Chrysanthemums (ink and colour on silk; 1619; Ann Arbor, U. MI, Mus. A.). The former demonstrate a subtle and accomplished handling of brush and ink with minimal use of colour, capturing the naturalistic aspects of mountain scenery. The latter are tightly constructed parodies of inherited conventions. Usually, the composition is divided into three sections from bottom to top with an exaggerated middle ground of water, a practice that dates back to the Yuan period (1279–1368). In the Ann Arbor painting, the water is delineated by the archaic fishnet pattern that originated in the Tang period (ad 618–907). A decorative effect is achieved through the repetition of the waves and the repeated application of twisting hemp-fibre texture strokes ( pima cun) to describe the rock surfaces. The elongated proportions of the scroll and use of attenuated pine trees reflect the influence of Wu School artists Wen Zhengming and Qiu Ying. The painting depicts the famous poet–statesman Tao Yuanming (ad 365–427), who became the archetypal literatus, idealized because he retired early from his government position to pursue his own interests of writing and growing chrysanthemums. The figures are drawn in fine lines and colours with mannered and distorted features and proportions. The heads appear strangely flattened; the figures are portly and humorous. Li’s bizarre figure style influenced his contemporary Sheng Maoye. --DOA", + "date": "active ca. 1573 - 1619", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HooperWH", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hooper, W. H.", -"comment": "Blakesley, Rosalind; Arts and Crafts Movement, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2006. printmaker", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiShizhuo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Shizhuo", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32s43h44 Alternate names: Li Shih-cho, 李世倬 Qing dynasty From Manchuria. Pupil of Wang Hui and Ma Yi. Painted figures after Wu Daozi and birds after his uncle, Gao Qipei. Also, flowers, fruit and inscriptions. --Seymour", + "date": "b. ca. 1690 - 1770", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoosemansFrans", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hoosemans, Frans", -"comment": "Sembach, Klaus-Jurgen; Art Nouveau: Utopia: Reconciling the Unreconcilable, Koln: Taschen, 1996. ", -"date": "active late 19th-early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiShunxiao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Shunxiao", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Li Shun-hsiao ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoppittCliff", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hoppitt, Cliff", -"comment": "Carver, Martin; Sutton Hoo: A Seventh-Century Princely Burial Ground and Its Context, London: British Museum Press, 2005. photographer", -"date": "active2000s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiShutong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Shutong", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Horiichi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Horiichi", -"comment": "Fellman, Sandi; Japanese Tattoo, New York; London: Abbeville Press Publishers, 1986. Japanese tattoo artist", -"date": "late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Horijin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Horijin", -"comment": "Fellman, Sandi; Japanese Tattoo, New York; London: Abbeville Press Publishers, 1986. Japanese tattoo artist", -"date": "late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiSixun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Sixun", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32s55x37 Alternate names: Li Ssu-hsün, 李思訓 Tang dynasty (b c. ad 653; d 718). He was a member of the imperial family of the Tang dynasty and held various civil and military government positions, including Great General of the Left Militant Guard (c. 713), earning the nickname Great General Li (Da Li Jiangjun). The period during which Li was active was one of the most flourishing in the cultural and artistic history of China. Figure painting reached its peak with the famous 8th-century ad artist Wu daozi, while landscape was established as a major independent category. During this formative stage, Li Sixun was regarded as one of the most influential landscape painters. In his Lidai minghua ji (‘Record of famous painters of successive generations’, preface ad 847) Zhang Yanyuan records that the transformation of landscape painting began with Wu Daozi and was perfected by Li Sixun and (2) Li Zhaodao. Although this is impossible as Li Sixun probably died before Wu started his career, it indicates the esteem in which he was held. Writing c. ad 840 in the Tangchao minghua lu (‘Record of famous painters of the Tang period’), Zhu Jingxuan classified painters according to their ability and placed Li in the lower grade of the ‘inspired class’. Zhu also related that Emperor Xuanzong (reg 712–56) was extremely impressed by landscapes that Li had painted on some palace screens and walls: he said he could hear the sound of water from them and that Li was the foremost painter of the Tang dynasty. An alternative version tells how Wu Daozi and Li were invited to paint landscapes in a hall in Datong (now in Sichuan Province). While commending them both on their magnificent attainments, the emperor noted ‘Li Sixun’s achievement of many months and Wu Daozi’s work of a single day’, contrasting Li’s meticulous craftsmanship with the inspired spontaneous technique of Wu. This fictitious anecdote would have been forgotten had it not been for the influence it exerted on later critics of Li’s style. Written sources are the only reliable testimony for Li’s work. His paintings were copied at an early date, and no extant paintings fully represent his style. The unsigned hanging scroll Pavilions and River with Sails (Jiangfan louge tu; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) was first attributed to Li by the Qing-period (1644–1911) collector An Qi, and although this landscape is undoubtedly early, it is impossible to substantiate the attribution. A cluster of paintings centering on the unsigned handscroll (Emperor Minghuang’s Journey to Shu) is usually regarded as typical of his style. The painting has been claimed to depict Emperor Xuanzong’s flight to Sichuan after the rebellion of An Lushan in ad 756. A painting of this motif was attributed to Li Sixun by Su Shi—anachronistically, as Sixun died almost 40 years before the revolt. Later scholars have reattributed the composition to Li Zhaodao. Certain features indicate that the Taipei version illustrated was based on a Tang-period original. The structure of the rocks is reminiscent of wall paintings in the tombs of the princes Yide and Zhanghuai at Qian xian, in Shaanxi Province, executed by court painters during the early 8th century; so too is the manner of rendering distance by showing figures half-hidden by hills and promontories. The swirling clouds fit the descriptions of the way in which Li painted clouds and mists, and the narrative richness is also typical of early Chinese landscape painting. The brushwork is, however, of much later date. Finally, the pleasant atmosphere of the composition is not in keeping with the subject-matter of the title, and it is doubtful whether any member of the imperial house would depict such a humiliating event. While no Tang source describes Li’s paintings as especially decorative, he was later renowned for colourful and painstaking landscapes executed in the Gold-and-green manner. In the 13th century the connoisseur Zhao Xigu was the first to connect this manner with the two Li, specifically with Li Zhaodao. The 14th-century writer Tang Hou, on the other hand, considered Li Sixun to be the first exponent of the technique. When the influential artist and theorist Dong Qichang developed his theories of the Northern and Southern schools in painting, in the 16th and 17th centuries, he selected Li Sixun as the grand ancestor of the Northern school, chiefly for the elaborate and decorative paintings that were said to be preferred by the court and the merchant class. --DOA", + "date": "651 - 716", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HorikenYokohama", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Horiken, Yokohama", -"comment": "Fellman, Sandi; Japanese Tattoo, New York; London: Abbeville Press Publishers, 1986. Japanese tattoo master", -"date": "late 20th - 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiSong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Song", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32s56 Alternate names: Li Sung, 李嵩 Song dynasty Started as a carpenter, but was adopted by painter Li Congxun. Became dai-zhao in the Academy of Painting. Boundary paintings and figures, followed Liu Songnian and Zhao Buju. --Seymour", + "date": "active ca. 1190 - 1230", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Horiuni", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Horiuni", -"comment": "Fellman, Sandi; Japanese Tattoo, New York; London: Abbeville Press Publishers, 1986. Japanese tattoo artist", -"date": "late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiTang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Tang", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32t25 Alternate names: Li T'ang, 李唐 Song dynasty (b Heyang, Henan Province, 1050s; d after 1130). Chinese painter. Li was the oldest and most influential painter to make the transition from the Painting Academy of the Northern Song (960–1127) emperor Huizong (reg 1101–26) in Bianliang (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) to the Southern Song (1127–1279) court in Lin’an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province). It was there, while in his 80s, that he introduced an entirely new approach that became the basis for the influential traditions of Southern Song landscape painting (see China, §V, 3(iv)). Li Tang apparently occupied no official position in Bianliang, although he was very highly regarded and held the rank of painter in attendance (daizhao) in the Imperial Painting Academy. In 1126 the Song court was forced to flee south from the invading Jürchen nomads, who ruled northern China during the Jin period (1115–1234). Before his arrival at the Southern Song court of the emperor Gaozong (reg 1127–63) Li took refuge from the fighting in the woods, where he met his future pupil, the robber Xiao Zhao. According to Deng Chun’s Hua ji (‘Painting continued’; preface dated 1167), Li was already 80 years old when he left Bianliang for Lin’an. There he was appointed head of the Southern Song Painting Academy and was awarded its highest honour, the jindai (‘golden belt’). Li Tang did not merely transmit the official style of the Northern Song Academy. He was an independent genius who continued to develop stylistically as well as technically throughout his career. Later critics claimed that he attained full artistic freedom only at the end of his life. The bulk of his work appears to have been completed in Bianliang, but he exerted a major influence on the new style of landscape painting developed at the new Academy, later referred to as the Ma–Xia school after its two most prominent representatives, Ma Yuan and Xia Gui. Li’s influence was twofold: his innovative use of monochrome ink in graded washes was especially influential for Ma Yuan, who modelled his rock and cliff structures after those of the older master; he also introduced a compositional format that reinterpreted conceptual space by presenting an oblique view of the landscape. This projected a diagonal thrust into the compositional distance in a daring, new, simplified organization of pictorial elements. In his Hua shanshui jue (‘Secrets of painting landscape’; preface dated 1221), the painter Li Chengsou (c. 1150–after 1221) stated that the essential element of Li Tang’s ‘change of style’ was the way in which he rendered space through the balance of emptiness and fullness. Recognizing the importance of Li’s work, he went on to say that ‘many men of ancient and modern times have reached a high standard as landscape painters …Each one established his own style …Many later men have followed after, but only Li Tang and Xiao Zhao have transformed their styles and in one swoop surpassed all modern and ancient men by their terse, light and swift manner of painting. They are, indeed, of the divine [shen] class’ (Sirén, pp. 92–3). Li Tang’s creative versatility was readily apparent throughout his long career. While he is said to have painted in the more decorative and professionally orientated blue-and-green technique in his early years, there is no evidence of this in his later landscapes, except possibly in his somewhat mannered textural brushwork. However, as a mark of his favour the emperor Gaozong gave the artist the name Tang Li, implying that he was comparable to the Tang (618–907) painter Li sixun, the foremost practitioner of the blue-and-green manner. The graded washes that dominated his later style mark a sharp contrast with such earlier tight rendering. He is best known as a landscape painter, but he was also commended for his ability to paint other subjects. Ming (1368–1644) critics such as Zhang Chou equated the quality of his figure painting with that of his landscapes. Zhang wrote in the [Qinghe] shuhua fang (‘The Qinghe boat-studio of painting and calligraphy’; preface dated 1616) that ‘Li Tang was a good painter of human figures and landscapes …he excelled even more in painting oxen, following in this the manner of Dai Song’ (Sirén, p. 95). In the Shu hua ji (‘Record of calligraphy and paintings’; completed by Wu Qizhen c. 1677) Li’s scroll depicting a scholar playing the qin (zither) is described as having a rendering so vivid that one ‘could hear the sound of the water as well as that of the qin’ (Sirén, p. 95). Li was consistently praised for his ability to paint rustic scenes as well as buffalo, both of which were popular themes during the Southern Song period. Unfortunately, the weakness of execution of some extant paintings of these subjects suggests that these may be later copies. Two of Li’s paintings are in the Kōtōin (Kyoto, Daitokuji). They are undated and only one is signed. The paintings were probably cut down, which has altered the proportion of the original compositions, but the brushwork and asymmetrical composition suggest that they belong to the last phase of Li’s development. The signed and dated Wind in the Pines amid Myriad Ravines (see fig.) was painted in Bianliang and may be said to mark a middle stage in his stylistic development. In composition it reflects a derivation from the traditions of Fan kuan in a revival of the heroic style, combined with influences from the traditions of Northern Song monumental landscape painting and the introduction of a new and more intimate portrayal of nature. Moreover, Fan’s tradition of brushwork has been hardened into mannered patterns painted in fupi cun (‘axe-cut texture stroke’) with a relatively stiff brush from which the ink has been squeezed out, known as cabi, which leaves the impression of diagonal stratification. While the earlier focus on a centralized axis is retained, it nevertheless indicates the direction of future developments. Li’s influence on the painting of the Southern Song did not continue into the Yuan period (1279–1368). However, his use of ink and compositional devices—as treated by the Ma–Xia school—again came into prominence with the development of the Zhe school during the Ming period. Daijin and Tang Yin are among the leading Ming artists whose works reveal the depth of this revival of Li’s style. --DOA", + "date": "ca. 1050 - after 1130", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoriyoshiIII", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Horiyoshi III", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Japanese horishi tattoo artist specializing in traditional, full-body tattoos called Irezumi or Horimono; birth name Yoshihito Nakano; apprentice to Horiyoshi II, son of Shodai Horiyoshi of Yokohama (aka Yoshitsugu Muramatsu)", -"date": "born 1946", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiXiaobin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Xiaobin", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist who founded the April Photo Society in April 1979 with Wang Zhiping.", + "date": "active ca. 1975", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hosaku", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hosaku", -"comment": "Chibbett, David; History of Japanese Printing and Book Illustration, Tokyo: Kodansha International Ltd., 1977. Kyoto artist.", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiXinggang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Xinggang", + "comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Chinese architect, currently working for China Architecture Design & Research Group", + "date": "active 1990-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoshukuSochin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hoshuku, Sochin", -"comment": "Hickman, Money L.; Japan's Golden Age: Momoyama, Dalas: Dalas Museum of Art, 1996. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiXiqin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Xiqin", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Hunan Province, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 李习勤", + "date": "born 1932", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HosoeEikoh", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hosoe, Eikoh", -"comment": "Szarkowski, John and Shoji Yamagishi; New Japanese Photography, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1974. ", -"date": "born 1933", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiXiu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Xiu", + "comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Shiping, Yunnan province", + "date": "born 1943", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HosokawaKatsumoto", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hosokawa, Katsumoto", -"comment": "Onishi, Hiroshi, Takemitsu Oba and Sondra Castile; Immortals and Sages: Paintings from Ryoanji Temple, Reprint, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1993. ", -"date": "1430-1473", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiXizhi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Xizhi", + "comment": "China Publications Center; Modern Chinese Woodcuts, Beijing: Guozi Shudian, 1965. alternate name: Li Hsi-chin", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HosokiKeijiro", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hosoki, Keijiro", -"comment": "Meiji kaikaki no nishikie (Meiji Japan through woodblock prints), Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1989. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiYanpeng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Yanpeng", + "comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Hebei province", + "date": "born 1958", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HosokiToshiichi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hosoki, Toshiichi", -"comment": "Kanada, Margaret Miller; Color Woodblock Printmaking: The Traditional Method of Ukiyo-e, Fourth Printing, Tokyo: Shufunotomo Co., Ltd., 1989 (4079753160). ", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiYanping", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Yanping", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Tibetan artist who led an avant-garde art group. This group displayed works that combined modern abstract styles and Tibetan Buddhist images and themes.", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HouChunming", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hou, Chun-ming", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Chiayi, Taiwan, resides in Taipei; educated at the National Institute of the Arts, Taipei.", -"date": "born 1963", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiYaofu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Yaofu", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32y26f32 Alternate names: Li Yao-fu, 李東 Yuan dynasty, unrecorded Painted figures. --Seymour", + "date": "13th - 14th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HouJie", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hou, Jie", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiYe", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Ye", + "comment": "Blakesley, Rosalind; Arts and Crafts Movement, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2006. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HouYimin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hou, Yimin", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoubionE", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Houbion, E.", -"comment": "Loze, Pierre and François Loze; Belgium Art Nouveau: from Victor Horta to Antoine Pompe, Ghent: Eiffel Editions, 1991. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiYihe", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Yihe", + "comment": "Grousset, Rene; Art of the Far East, New York; Toronto: Iris Books; Oxford University Press, 1936. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoughtonBarbara", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Houghton, Barbara", -"comment": "http://www.nku.edu/~houghton/bio.html. Northern Kentucky University.", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoweAlphonse", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Howe, Alphonse", -"comment": "Rutz, Miriam Easton; Public Gardens of Michigan, East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2002. American architect", -"date": "active ca. 1885", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiYin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Yin", + "comment": "Weidner, Marsha, Ellen Johnston Laing, Irving Yucheng Lo, Christina Chu, and James Robinson; Views from Jade Terrace: Chinese Women Artists 1300-1912, Indianapolis: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 1988 (0847810038). l32y29 Alternate names: Li Yin, 李堯夫 Qing dynasty From Hangzhou, Zhejiang province. Parents made her study poetry and painting as a child and had established a reputation by 15. Concubine to Ge Zhengqi, who became Vice Minister of the Court of IMperial Entertainments in Beijing. At the capital she was able to study famous works of art and practiced painting and calligraphy with Ge. Retired to the south and enjoyed a close relationship until his death. She became Buddhist and supported herself by her art, which continued to receive acclaim. Subsequent scholars and critics continues to praise her work centuries after her death. Excelled as a flower painter. --Weidner Painted landscapes, flowers, birds in the style of Chen Shun. --Seymour ", + "date": "1616 - 1685", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoweGeorge", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Howe, George", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Philadelphia architect", -"date": "1886-1955", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiYitai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Yitai", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Wuxing, Zhejiang Province; alternate name: 李以泰", + "date": "born 1944", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HrazdilCaspar", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hrazdil, Caspar", -"comment": "Baker, Malcolm and Brenda Richardson; Grand Design: the Art of the Victoria and Albert Museum, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1997. ", -"date": "active 1890-ca. 1945", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiYongbin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Yongbin", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Beijing.", + "date": "b. 1963", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HsinbyushinKingofBurma", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hsinbyushin, King of Burma", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. king of the Konbaung dynasty, second son of the dynasty founder Alaungpaya and considered the most militaristic king of the dynasty, through which he preserved Burma's independence over four Chinese invasions and a victory over Siam in 1767. ", -"date": "r. 1763-1776", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiZai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Zai", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32z23 Alternate names: Li Tsai, 李在 Ming dynasty (b Putian, Fujian Province; d 1431). Chinese painter. He became one of the leading court painters in the reign of the Xuande emperor (reg 1426–35) and one of the forerunners of the Zhe school. The Japanese monk–painter Tōyō Sesshū, who visited China in 1468, called him one of the most important masters of the period. Together with Xia Zhi, a student of Dai jin, and Ma Shi, he painted a long handscroll in 11 scenes (see fig.) that illustrated couplets from a famous poem by Tao Yuanming, showing the elegant figure of the poet at various stages on his return to his native village. Each scene presents a vignette rather than a complete landscape, with quite large figures and landscape details, both exhibiting a brilliant command of the brush in the style of the Southern Song (1127–1279) academy. Li Zai’s monumental landscape style, based on the imposing compositions of the Northern Song period (960–1127), admirably exemplified Ming-period (1368–1644) aspirations to emulate painting of that period. Landscape (Tokyo, N. Mus.) may be compared with Guo Xi’s famous Early Spring of 1072 (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.; for illustration see Guo xi). A pair of great pine trees stand at the centre of the painting, against a backdrop of tall peaks; the latter, however, are flattened and silhouetted in a way that differs markedly from the complex organization of Guo Xi’s painting. In 1982 two of Li Zai’s paintings, as well as paintings by Xia Chang, were found during the excavation in Huaian County, Jiangsu Province, of the tomb of Wang Zhen (1424–96). Both are album leaves: one depicts misty hills and rivers in the amorphous style of Mi Youren (see Mi, (2)), while the other, somewhat different in style from his other works, shows a day-lily. The paintings, now in the Premier Zhou Enlai Museum, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, reveal a greater range in Li Zai’s style than was hitherto known. --DOA", + "date": "active ca. 1426 - 1431", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuChuanzhi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hu, Chuanzhi", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Dalian, Liaoning Province; alternate name: 胡传治", -"date": "born 1932", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiZhanyang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Zhanyang", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Beijing; graduated 1994 from Luzun Academy and in 1999 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing; lives and works in Chongqing.", + "date": "b. 1969", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuGui", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hu, Gui", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h35g42 Alternate names: Hu Kuei (Hu Huai), 胡(王褱) Five dynasties Hu Huai was a great figure painter doing hunting scenes in the North. (http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9034447/Five-Dynasties -43815.hook) ", -"date": "active ca. 923 - 935", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiZhaodao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Zhaodao", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32z37d26 Alternate names: Li Chao-tao, 李昭道 Tang dynasty (b c. ad 675; d 730). Son of (1) Li Sixun. He was appointed to the position of vice-president of the Right Grand Secretariat of the crown prince, but little else is known of his life. Whether he actually served in the army cannot be confirmed, but he came to be called Xiao Li Jiangjun (Little General Li) to distinguish him from his father, (1) Li Sixun, called Da Li Jiangjun (Great General Li). Later art critics preferred now one, now the other; but it has become impossible to differentiate between the two from the extant copies of their works available for study. Two extant works are usually suggested to be copies of paintings by Li Zhaodao as they have come to be closely identified with his traditions. The Picture of the Winding River (Ch’u Chiang T’u; hanging scroll, colours on silk, h. 1712 mm, w. 1113 mm; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) is a faithful re-creation of the 8th-century landscape style, with a strongly linear design developed by folded and fissured mountain forms. The more frequently reproduced Emperor Minghuang’s Journey to Shu (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.; for illustration see §(1) above) depicts an event that took place in 756, after Li Zhaodao’s death. There are other copies of the same composition, including one in Philadelphia (U. PA Mus.) in both vertical and horizontal format. --DOA", + "date": "active ca. 670 - 730", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuMing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hu, Ming", -"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Chongqing, Sichuan province", -"date": "born 1944", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiZhaoheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Zhaoheng", + "comment": "Ho, Wai-Kam and Judith G. Smith; Century of Tung Ch'i-Ch'ang, 1555-1636, v.1, Kansas City; Seattle; London: Nelson Atkins Museum of Art; University of Washington Press, 1992. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuYichuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hu, Yichuan", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). Political activist who matriculated from the Hangzhou West Lake National Arts Academy in 1929. He organized the influential Eighteen Arts Society and the Communist Youth League and by 1931 was closely involved with Li Xun and the woodcut movement. Moved to Shanghai where he engaged in labor activism.", -"date": "born 1910", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuYouzhang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hu, Youzhang", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Yuncheng, Shanxi Province; member of the Chinese Artists' Association; alternate name: 胡有章", -"date": "born 1941", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiZhen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Zhen", + "comment": "Miyagawa, Torao; Chinese Painting, First English edition, New York: Weatherhill, 1983. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuYuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hu, Yuan", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h35y37 Alternate names: Hu Yüan, 胡遠 Qing dynasty Collector and calligrapher; painted landscapes and plum blossoms.--Seymour", -"date": "1823 - 1886", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuYupu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hu, Yupu", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century ", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiZhengxuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Zhengxuan", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Li Cheng-hsuan", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuZhang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hu, Zhang", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. Chinese painter during the Qing dynasty, traveled and painted in Japan.", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiZhenhua", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Zhenhua", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Li Chen-hua", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuZhifu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hu, Zhifu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h35z44f32 Alternate names: Hu Chih-fu, 胡直夫 Song dynasty, unrecorded Painted figures and landscapes. --Seymour", -"date": "ca. 13th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiZhonggui", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Zhonggui", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuaGuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hua, Guan", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h36g38 Alternate names: Hua Kuan, 華冠 Qing dynasty Prominent portrait painter. Figures in pai-miao technique. Also, painted landscapes, trees, and flowers. --Seymour", -"date": "Qing dynasty", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiZhu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Zhu", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32z47 Alternate names: Li Chu, 李著 Ming dynasty", + "date": "active ca. 1500", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuaQimin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hua, Qimin", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiZongwan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Li, Zongwan", + "comment": "Ming Qing shan mian xuanji, Shanghai: Shang ren min mei shu chu ban she; Xin hua shu dian Shanghai fa xing suo fa xing, 1959. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuaYan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hua, Yan", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h36y24 Alternate names: Hua Yen, 華喦 Qing dynasty (b Shanghang, Fujian Province, 1682; d Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 1762). Chinese painter. One of the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou (see Yangzhou school), Hua Yan painted figures, landscapes, birds, flowers and insects. A strong sense of humour is revealed in his depictions of animals: he painted subjects such as kittens in a heap, frogs fighting, a turtle on its back and sway-backed, pop-eyed horses. His independent spirit in this genre was widely acclaimed by critics. Qin Zuyong (1825–84) even praised his paintings as comparable to those of Yun Shouping, the great bird-and-flower painter. Autumn Scene (see fig.) is an example of his landscape painting. In the middle of the composition a scholar with a staff in his hand and his back to the viewer stands on a promontory that rises from the right corner, leading the eye towards him in a diagonal movement. Framed in a square by a tall rock to his left and a pair of spindly trees to his right, he gazes across an expanse of water at distant mountains, capped by a single peak. The brushwork is quick and sketchy, and the colours are pale: green underfoot, pink leaves, powder-blue mountains. Water is suggested only by the lines of currents in the foreground. There are only a few leaves on the trees and these are depicted almost as caricatures: as circles on one tree, brief horizontal lines on the other. The very dry, rough brushwork on the rocks and trees contrasts with the fine lines of the scholar and the grasses. A partially revealed cliff on the left is offset by two columns of calligraphy below it. Hua Yan’s models in calligraphy are cited as Zhong You (ad 151–230) and Yu Shinan (558–638), but it is clear that this is not the hand of a literary man, practised in the study of early models. The characters are broad, loosely spaced and rounded, and have a naivety and awkwardness that suit the style of his painting, itself terse and somewhat gauche. Conversation in Autumn (hanging scroll, 1732; Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.) is a far more energetic and complex painting. In the lower half of the work there are sharp, rain-drenched, near-naked trees on a foundation of pointed rocks. These craggy boulders are scribbled with energetic, lengthwise hatchmarks that lead the eye to the open window of a house, where two gentlemen can be seen within. The interior scene, framed with simple, straight, geometric lines, gives a sense of opening and expansion. The speckle of black, wet bamboo leaves and sodden, misty branches over the roof draw the eye upwards towards the narrow columns of calligraphy at the upper right, executed in a wild and agitated cursive script that echoes the effect of the trees in the foreground. --DOA ", -"date": "1682 - after 1755", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangBinhong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Huang, Binhong", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h39b36h33 Alternate names: Huang Pin-hung, 黃賓虹 Modern (b Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, 1864; d Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 1955). Chinese painter. He was the modern embodiment of the literati ideal. Huang and his contemporary Qi Baishi became known by the sobriquets Huang of the South and Qi of the North. Originally educated as a scholar–official, Huang failed the civil service examination several times. After briefly managing his ancestral estate in Shexian, Anhui Province (1901–7), he embarked on a long career of teaching, editing art books and periodicals, collecting (and occasionally dealing in) works of art, writing and painting. Huang’s works of scholarship included treatises (published 1940–42) on three artists of the late Ming (1368–1644) and early Qing (1644–1911) periods: Hongren, Kuncan and Cheng Sui (c. 1605–91); these laid the foundations for later fruitful study. His book Huang shan huayuan lüe (‘An account of the Mt Huang school of painting’) is an indispensable guide to the Anhui school of painting. Meishu congshu (‘Encyclopedia of Chinese fine art’; 20 vols), a compendium of art books first published in 1911, which Huang co-edited with Deng Shi (d c. 1948), is still used by scholars. Stylistically, the paintings of Huang Binhong can be divided into four periods. In the first, up to the age of 50, the artist devoted himself to learning from both ancient and contemporary masters. In the second period, between the ages of 50 and 70, Huang travelled widely, increasing his knowledge of real landscapes. In the third, from the ages of 70 to 85, he began to establish a distinctly personal style. When he was 80 he held his first and only one-man show in Shanghai. He continued to paint until shortly before his death; during this last period his style underwent a virtual metamorphosis. Huang took a humanistic view of a painter’s role. Echoing Dong Qichang, he wrote that it is a fundamental requirement of art that the technique and skill of the artist, when he paints mountains and rivers, be invisible; consequently, these subjects, as a result of the painter’s act of creation, assume a mysterious quality that cannot be found in nature. One of the most salient aspects of Huang Binhong’s work was the intimate relationship between calligraphy and painting that permeated both his aesthetic theory and his practice. Huang believed that brushwork must be cultivated by means of a constant study of inscriptions on ancient bronzes and stelae (see China, §IV, 2(viii)) and of rubbings made from these, of examples of calligraphy and even of literature. From his lifelong study of epigraphy and seal-engraving, Huang arrived at a number of principles to underpin his pictorial composition, the most important of which was to achieve ‘void’ (xu) in solid form (shi). Calligraphy not only suggested but embodied the inner workings of nature. Painting, like calligraphy, should accomplish ‘order within disorder’, ‘the regularity of irregularity’ and ‘the resemblance of non-resemblance’. Huang also drew an analogy between composing a painting and playing a game of chess, in which the player must be constantly aware not only of the moves already made but also of those that may yet be made. Huang constantly experimented with different ways of applying ink wash, which, when combined with his brushwork, helped him to achieve the strong stylistic effects he called hunhou huazi (‘solidity and density in structure, and freshness and moisture in ink and brushwork’); an example can be seen in the handscroll Lake and Mountains Before Rain (1952; Hong Kong, Chiu Chu Tung priv. col., see 1989–90 exh. cat., p. 34, fig. 13). The album Insects and Flowers (see fig.) is an excellent example of Huang’s brushwork, which, though strong, is apparently childlike and thus embodies the literati ideal of zhuo (‘intentional awkwardness’). The fact that at least five types of brushwork, seven ways of applying ink and nine methods of manipulating water can be distinguished in his late work reflects Huang’s sophisticated technical mastery. Indeed, the innovative use of water is one of Huang’s most important contributions to 20th-century Chinese painting. In an undated album leaf depicting a landscape (336×349 mm; Hong Kong, Tao Ho priv. col., see 1989–90 exh. cat., p. 71, pl. 18D), the blending of water, ink and colour is masterful. For the last two years of his life Huang Binhong was almost completely blind. To compensate, he relied increasingly on the intuitive use of ink and brushwork acquired through a lifetime of practice, combining his tempestuous, rough brushwork with layer upon layer of ink washes. At first glance, his late paintings appear disorderly. On close inspection, however, these works reveal a rich and complex visual structure and the supramundane quality that he always sought in landscape painting. --DOA", -"date": "1864 - 1955", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiangDong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liang, Dong", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Liaoning Province, member of the Chinese Art Association; alternate name: 梁栋 ", + "date": "born 1926", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangChihyang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Huang, Chih-yang", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. b. Taipei China Culture University, Taipei, 1989", -"date": "b. 1965", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiangHongtao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liang, Hongtao", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangDan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Huang, Dan", -"comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiangJingyu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liang, Jingyu", + "comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Chinese architect located in Beijing.", + "date": "1969-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangGongwang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Huang, Gongwang", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h39g33w25 Alternate names: Huang Kung-wang, 黃公望 Yuan dynasty (b Changshu, Jiangsu Province, 1269; d Changshu, 1354). Chinese painter. He was designated one of the Four Masters of the Yuan, together with Ni zan, Wu zhen and Wang meng. Born into a family named Lu, he was orphaned when very young. The impoverished Lu family had him adopted when he was seven or eight by a Mr Huang of Yongjia, Zhejiang Province, who was living in Changshu at the time. Since Huang was about 90 years old and without male offspring, the names Huang Gongwang and Zijiu were chosen, which together mean ‘Mr Huang has desired a son for a long time’. Huang Gongwang received a good education, and some documents suggest that he was a child prodigy. In his youth, he served as a legal clerk in the Office of Surveillance in western Zhejiang Province and was put in charge of matters related to the collection of land taxes for helping poor peasants. In 1315, when he was working in Beijing at the Investigation Bureau of the Office of the Imperial Censor, Zhang Lu, he was imprisoned for alleged involvement in mishandling of land taxes in Zhejiang. A plan to collect taxes that Zhang proposed to the court in fact had been undermined by rich landowners and corrupt officials; later, when Zhang was cleared, Huang was released. As a result of this Huang decided to give up official life, changing his name to Yifeng (‘One Peak’). For a time he lived in Huating (modern Songjiang in Shanghai Municipality), making his living as a fortune-teller. About 1329 he joined the Daoist Quanzhen sect. None of Huang’s works on Daoism survive, but the Daozang (Daoist Canon) does include his biography. In 1334 he established a Hall of the Three Doctrines in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. The Three Doctrines sect, which reached its height in the Yuan period (1279–1368), incorporated elements of Confucianism, Daoism and Chan (Jap. Zen) Buddhism into a syncretic philosophy; Huang’s interest in it suggests the breadth of his philosophical and religious outlook. Huang was also versatile in literature and the arts. One contemporary source states: ‘His learning does not rank below anyone. Of all things under heaven there is nothing that he does not know. Even regarding the smallest skill and artistry, he is in good command. He can compose long poems and short verses instantly. He is especially adept in painting. People respect him as a teacher.’ Since this source is concerned with dramatists, Huang must have been a writer of plays. He wrote a volume of poetry, Dachi Daoren ji, no longer extant, and was also noted as a flautist. He had many literary and artistic friends, including the painters Ni Zan, Cao Zhibai, Fang Congyi, Yang Weizhen (1296–1370) and Zhang Yu (1277–1348), and the poet Yang Zai; he is said to have been a pupil of the painter Zhao Mengfu. In the Yangzi delta area Huang also lived in Quzhou, Fuyang, and, in his last years, Hangzhou and the Fuchun River area (all in Zhejiang Province). Seventeenth-century sources state that he liked to lose himself in nature, perhaps sitting all day in the mountains or staying close to the sea, watching the waves, wind and rain, or sailing a boat alone on a lake, chanting songs and drinking wine. Some 60 extant paintings are attributed to Huang Gongwang, but only a few are accepted as genuine. Huang is said to have started painting only after the age of 50 (c. 1320), though none of the accepted works dates to before the 1340s. Jiuzhu fengcui (‘Nine pearl peaks’; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), a hanging scroll on satin in ink, though unsigned, has a colophon indicating its dedication to Yang Weizhen and is one of Huang’s earliest works. Many basic forms, such as rocks and trees, are not fully developed. Xishan yuyi (‘Rivers and hills before rain’; see fig. 1) has an inscription of 1344 dating it to some years earlier. Elements such as patterns of trees and mountains, contrasts and variations, and freedom of brushwork are further developed. Tianchi shibi (‘Stone cliff at the heavenly pond’; 1341; Beijing, Pal. Mus.), a hanging scroll on silk, depicts rocks making up a centralized formation of high mountains, a typical Yuan composition. The most important painting by Huang Gongwang, Fuchun shan ju tu (‘Dwelling in the Fuchun mountains’; see fig. 2), represents what came to be considered the most typical aspects of Huang’s personal style. In ink on paper, it depicts broad stretches of the Fuchun River with free, powerful brushwork. Strokes form patterns, rhythms and movements in spontaneous ways associated with calligraphy. Although still representational, the landscape is personalized and abstracted to reflect Huang’s interest in finding freedom of expression in nature, a tradition inherited from the 10th-century painter Dong yuan. The scroll has a complex history. Originally painted for the Daoist Cheng Wuyong, in the 15th century it was acquired by Shen Zhou in Suzhou. Having passed through several hands in that area, in 1596 it came to Dong Qichang in Beijing, who brought it back to his hometown, Huating (Songjiang), where it became very influential among artists. One owner, Wu Hongyu, loved the painting so much that he ordered it to be burnt at his deathbed, and consequently, in 1650, the beginning section was damaged; total destruction was only averted by Wu’s nephew. As a result, the painting exists in two sections: the main section went into the collection of the Qianlong emperor in the 18th century, and the beginning part, after repair, went through many private hands and finally into the Zhejiang Provincial Museum in Hangzhou, where it is entitled Shengshan tu (‘The remaining mountains’). Copies of the painting include a scroll identical to the original apart from a missing last section (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) that is dated 1338 but was probably made in the middle part of the Ming (1368–1644) period. This version went into the collection of the Qianlong emperor before the original did, and was at first accepted by the emperor and his staff as the genuine one. When the original was in the hands of Dong Qichang and the Wu family, copies were made by many painters, including Cheng Zhengkui, Wang Hui, Wu Li, Yun Xiang (1586–1655), Shen Hao and Zou Zhilin ( fl c. 1610–51). Since the beginning of the 17th century, the scroll has had a great influence on Chinese painting. Huang Gongwang’s treatise on painting, Xie shanshui jue (‘Secrets of describing landscape’), was preserved by one of his admirers, Tao Zongyi, in an edition of 1366 (see China, §V, 3(iv)(b)). In this Huang mentions the prevalence in his time of the Dong Yuan tradition and offers many technical points in painting trees, rocks, mountains, clouds and water, emphasizing the literati tradition. He concludes, ‘In doing paintings there are four words that must be absolutely expelled: perversity, prettiness, vulgarity, and derivativeness’ (trans. based on Cahill), which became a guiding principle for literati painting. --DOA", -"date": "1269 - 1354", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiangJuhui", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liang, Juhui", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist, born Guangzhou, Guangdong", + "date": "b. 1959", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangGuanyu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Huang, Guanyu", -"comment": "Cohen, Joan Lebold; New Chinese Painting, 1949-1986, New York: Harry Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1987. Chinese painter", -"date": "b. 1949", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiangKai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liang, Kai", + "comment": "Takashina, Shuji, Tetsuro Kagesato and Hideo Tanaka; Yōga to Nihonga, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. Chinese painter. Although he originally painted in traditional styles, his later work became both more spontaneous in execution and more conceptual, in a manner that can be associated with the southern Chan (Jap. Zen) Buddhist approach to enlightenment (see Buddhism, §III, 8). Together with Muqi he became one of the best known painters of Chan subjects (see China, §V, 3(ii)(b)) of the late Southern Song period (1127–1279). According to the Tuhui baojian (‘Precious mirror for examining painting’) by Xia Wenyan (preface dated 1365), which is the basic source for all later references, Liang was a follower of Jia Shigu (fl 1130–60), an official from Bianliang (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), who served in the imperial painting academy at Lin’an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province) during the Shaoxing period (1131–61) of the reign of Gaozong (reg 1127–62). Liang was also a member of the Academy and between 1201 and 1204 held the rank of painter in attendance (daizhao). Although he was awarded the jindai (‘golden belt’), the highest honour given to members of the Academy, he appears to have subsequently resigned his official position. After leaving the court he went to live in Liutong si, a temple near Lin’an that was a centre of Chan painting. He did not go there for religious reasons but probably in protest against the bureaucracy and mainstream Chinese painting. Whatever the reason, his new painting style was far removed from his earlier Academic conservatism. All of his extant work, with the exception of two possible attributions, is to be found in Japan, where he exerted great influence on Zen painting (see also Japan, §VI, 4(vii)). Liang Kai’s retirement from official life marked a radical change in his artistic style. His early works are painted in the plain-line drawing (baimiao) traditions of Li gonglin as interpreted by Jia Shigu. His subjects included ghosts and celestial deities as well as Confucian and Daoist themes. An example of Liang’s early style may be seen in the Scholar of the Eastern Fence (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), which depicts the great poet Tao Yuanming (ad 365–427) in a conventional setting associated with the compositional techniques of Ma Yuan and Xia Gui. Liang was also proficient in the monumental landscape style of the Northern Song period (960–1279; see China, §V, 3(iv)(a)). His retreat from the capital marked the introduction of the spontaneous reduced brush (jianbi) technique, which is associated with Chan painting. He studied this new approach with a Chan master Wuzhun (1177–1249), a mediocre painter but a good calligrapher. Liang’s later work reveals a strong calligraphic influence in the total control of the ink tones and the flexibility of the brush. In the brevity and descriptiveness of his brushstrokes he exploits the properties of the ink and the brush to the full. Such brushwork is also related to literati painting traditions. A poem by the Chan monk Beijian (d 1246) relates Liang’s approach to painting: ‘Liang Kai treasured his ink as if it were gold. But when he got drunk [the valued drops of ink] could suddenly become a downpour’ (Encyclopedia of World Art, ix, p. 240). Such a release of inhibitions through alcohol provides yet another explanation for the radical change in his style. Liang Kai painted with strong brushstrokes, but he also utilized the wet ‘boneless’ technique (mogu), in which washes of graded ink tones define shape and form without lines, especially in the new genre referred to as pictures of Chan enlightenment (Chan ji tu). His painting of A Sage (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) is the only example of such a spontaneous style in the imperial collection. It is an imaginary portrait executed in the ‘splashed-ink’ (pomo) technique, with scratchy, wet strokes that flow into washes or wet areas in a process that is only partially controlled. The broad washes composing the Sage’s body contrast with the wispy lines that define the facial features. The Nan Song yuan hua lu (‘Record of the Southern Song Academy’, 1721), compiled by the poet and scholar Li O (1692–1752), notes that Liang Kai painted with wedge-like strokes (piena). This technique is especially obvious in Huineng, the Sixth Chan Patriarch, Chopping Bamboo at the Moment of Enlightenment (see fig.). Liang Kai painted a variety of traditional Buddhist themes, but none was as specifically connected with the Chan sect as this composition and another entitled Huineng, the Sixth Chan Patriarch, Tearing up a Sutra (Tokyo, T. Mitsui priv. col.), with which it is usually paired. Both paintings were apparently brought to Japan fairly soon after their completion but were later separated. In the first painting, which is largely conceptual in character, space is suggested by a single dry brushstroke that indicates the ground-plane and a fragmented tree trunk that establishes recession in the composition. The angular figure of the patriarch is created through a series of equally angular choplike ‘stake-head’ (juetou) strokes consistent with the chopping motion of the blade. Washes in graded ink tones give an impression of modelling. The energetic definition of the strong brushstrokes contrasts with the more delicate wispy hair and tightly defined features of the man’s face shown in profile consistent in style with the technique of A Sage. Both personify the Chan (Zen) search for enlightenment through action rather than holy scriptures. In contrast, a fluid line reflects the contemplative mood of another well-known composition, the portrait of the poet Li Bo (Tokyo, N. Mus.). -Grove Art Online", + "date": "1609 - 1660", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangHuabang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Huang, Huabang", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiangYan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liang, Yan", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangHuaxiang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Huang, Huaxiang", -"comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. In 1984 Huang entered the print department of the Central Academy of Fine Arts. He specializes in depictions of the human figure in a style that has been called "rogue cynicism," because the people portrayed are not idealized.", -"date": "born 1962", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiaoKaiming", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liao, Kaiming", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Chongqing; member of the Chinese Artists' Association, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association, member of May Print Association; alternate name: 廖开明 ", + "date": "born 1940", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangJingHo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Huang, Jing-Ho", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiaoZongyi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liao, Zongyi", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Chaozhou, Guangdong Province; alternate name: 廖宗怡", + "date": "born 1937", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangJucai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Huang, Jucai", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h39j26c23 Alternate names: Huang Chü-ts'ai, 黃居寀 Five dynasties ", -"date": "933 - after 993", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiebermanH", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lieberman, H.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangLiu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Huang, Liu", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese painter", -"date": "b. 1948", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangMiaofa", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Huang, Miaofa", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Lightolier", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lightolier", + "comment": "Raizman, David S. History of Modern Design. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2004. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangPeimo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Huang, Peimo", -"comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. Huang began to learn woodblock printing in 1943. His official positions have included vice-chairman of the Nanjing Literary Union, chairman of the Nanjing branch of the Chinese Artists' Association, standing member of the council of the Chinese Printmakers' Association, and vice-director of the Jiangsu branch of the Chinese Printmakers' Association. He also wrote The Technique of Woodblock. ", -"date": "born 1925", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangQiming", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Huang, Qiming", -"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Guilin, Guangxi province", -"date": "born 1961", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LigonGlenn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ligon, Glenn", + "comment": "Heartney, Eleanor; Art & Today, New York: Phaidon Press, Inc., 2008. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangShanshou", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Huang, Shanshou", -"comment": "Brown, Claudia and Ju-hsi Chou; Transcending Turmoil: Painting at the Close of China's Empire, 1796-1911, Phoenix: Phoenix Art Museum, 1992. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangShen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Huang, Shen", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h39s39 Alternate names: Huang Shen, 黃慎 Qing dynasty (b Ninghua, Fujian Province, 1687; d 1773). Chinese painter, calligrapher and poet. His father died when Huang was young, and in order to support the family Huang was obliged to pursue a professional career in painting. Although he specialized in portraiture and figure painting, he was also skilled as a painter of landscapes, plants and birds. His versatility was a characteristic he shared with his teacher, Shangguan Zhou (b 1665), a leading Fujian painter whose surviving works include Wanxiao tang huazhuan (‘Painting record of the Wanxiao Hall’), a woodblock-printed work depicting historical characters. Huang was encouraged by his mother to aspire to a loftier goal than that of a mere craftsman, the status generally accorded professional painters. He began his education at the age of 18; asserting the oneness of painting and poetry, he studied both arts and in 1734 published the Jiaohu shichao (‘Poetic anthology by Jiaohu’), Jiao hu being a lake to the north of Ninghua. He often included elegantly phrased inscriptions on his paintings, thereby incorporating poetry, calligraphy and painting in a single work. His calligraphy was initially modelled after the kaishu (regular script) of Zhong You (ad 151–230) but was later influenced by the caoshu (cursive script) of Huaisu. The best examples of his style are bold and sweeping, executed with an unerringly crisp and sure touch and with intricately spaced characters. Huang is generally classified as one of the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou (see Yangzhou school). His association with that city began as early as 1724 and lasted for at least 30 years. At first his reception was lukewarm, but by 1730 Huang had developed individual styles of calligraphy and painting, free from an earlier dependence on Xiao Chen ( fl late 17th century–early 18th) and Han Fan. Eventually, his cursive calligraphy and ink-play technique (moxi) became popular among collectors in Yangzhou and established him as a major figure in the city’s art circles. His paintings were often distinguished by mannered, tremulous brushstrokes used to outline and contour forms, which were then coloured with pale vegetable pigments or ink washes. So lucrative did his painting practice become that he was able to buy a house and spend his days drinking and composing poetry with Li Shan, Gao Xiang ( fl 1700–30) and other friends. Huang reached the height of his success between 1723 and 1735. Documentary evidence about his life thereafter is scarcer, but extant paintings confirm that he continued to paint well into his later years. Qingliang Daoren, in his Tingyu xuan biji (‘Notes from the Tingyu studio’), referred to a painting done by Huang in 1764 when he was 78 years old; it depicted an old man holding a chrysanthemum, a favourite subject of the artist, which he treated with gentleness, even sentimentality. Two inscriptions written by admirers and attached to Willows in Autumn (see fig.) confirm that he adopted various names in his youth and that he retired to Jiao hu in his eighties. In general, Huang Shen’s art developed from a meticulous style similar to that of his teacher, through an intermediary stage of relaxation, even lyricism, and finally to the spontaneous and untrammelled mode seen in Willows in Autumn, although some of his styles may have co-existed. He mixed the refined with the vulgar and, in historical subjects, frequently manipulated stock figures. His early landscape paintings, such as Reminiscence from the Han River (1729), show elements of the dense and detailed style of Guo Xi, but such influences became increasingly attenuated and then vanished altogether in the face of a far bolder approach. --DOA", -"date": "1687 - 1773", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LilienbergAlbert", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lilienberg, Albert", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. City planner, Gothenburg Sweden", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangXiangjian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Huang, Xiangjian", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h39x25j26 Alternate names: Huang Hsiang-chien, 黃向堅 Qing dynasty Painted landscapes in the style of Wang Meng. --Seymour", -"date": "1609 - 1673", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LilienbergIngrid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lilienberg, Ingrid", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Landscape architect and city planner", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangXinbo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Huang, Xinbo", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). 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Chinese artist", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangYan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Huang, Yan", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1931-1949 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Xingning, Guangdong Province; learn woodcut independently; alternate name: 荒烟", -"date": "born 1921", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LillagoreTheodoreW", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lillagore, Theodore W.", + "comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. ", + "date": "active ca. 1860", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangYongping", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Huang, Yongping", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Quanzhou, Fujian; studied at Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou; has lived in Paris since 1989.", -"date": "b. 1954", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinChun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lin, Chun", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l38c53 Alternate names: Lin Ch'un, 林椿 Song dynasty Painted flowers and birds, following Zhao Chang. --Seymour (Re: Li Di) In his style as well as his choice of subject-matter Li Di is very close to another Southern Song painter, Lin Chun (fl 12th–13th century), who also came from Qiantang near Hangzhou and who also served in the Imperial Painting Academy. --DOA", + "date": "12th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangYongsan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Huang, Yongsan", -"comment": "Rotondo, Lisa E.; Chinese Revolutionary Woodcuts, 1935-1948: From the Herman Collection, Middletown (CT): Davison Art Center, 1984. alternate name: Huang Yung San", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinFengmian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lin, Fengmian", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + "date": "1900-1991", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangYongyu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Huang, Yongyu", -"comment": "Laing, Ellen Johnston; Winking Owl: Art from the People's Republic of China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988 (0520060970). from Hunan; woodcut artist, cartoonist and traditional style painter", -"date": "born 1924", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinFu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lin, Fu", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Cangnan, Zhejiang Province; alternate name: 林夫", + "date": "1911-1942", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangZhenxiao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Huang, Zhenxiao", -"comment": "Possessing the past : treasures from the National Palace Museum, Taipei / Wen C. Fong, James C.Y. Watt; with contributions by Richard M. Barnhart ... [et al]. New York : Metropolitan Museum of Art : Distributed by H.N. Abrams, 1996. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinGang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lin, Gang", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + "date": "born 1924", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuangZongdao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Huang, Zongdao", -"comment": "Fong, Wen C.; Beyond Representation, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1992. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinGuang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lin, Guang", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l38g39 Alternate names: Lin Kuang, 林廣 Ming dynasty", + "date": "active ca. 1500", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HubbardAlice", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hubbard, Alice", -"comment": "Barter, Judith A.; Apostles of Beauty: Arts and Crafts From Britain to Chicago, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. American author", -"date": "1861-1915", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinJun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lin, Jun", + "comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. born in Pinglu, Shanxi Province; original name, Pei Bingzhe", + "date": "born 1921", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HubbardBertha", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hubbard, Bertha", -"comment": "Barter, Judith A.; Apostles of Beauty: Arts and Crafts From Britain to Chicago, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. American artist and illustrator", -"date": "1861-1946", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinJunfu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lin, Junfu", + "comment": "Yang Xiaoneng; Tracing the Past, Drawing the Future: Master Ink Painters in Twentieth-Century China, Milan: Continents Editions, 2010. Chinese poet", + "date": "1879-1942", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HubbardTheresa", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hubbard, Theresa", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born 1965 in Dublin, Ireland. M.F.A., Nova Scotia College of Art and Design, Halifax", -"date": "born 1965", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinLei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lin, Lei", + "comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Chinese architect", + "date": "active 2000-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HubertPirssonandCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hubert, Pirsson and Company", -"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999 (0939802872). Based in New York.", -"date": "1880-1888", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinLiang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lin, Liang", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l38l35 Alternate names: Lin Liang, 林良 Ming dynasty (b Nanhai, Guangdong Province, c. 1416; d c. 1480). Chinese painter. He became a provincial administrator and was referred to the court during the reign of the Tianshun emperor (1457–64). He was later promoted to the Imperial Guard under the system of titles given to court painters in the early Ming period (1368–1644). His surviving works feature large subjects in monochrome ink, although he is recorded as having also been proficient in colours. He has been seen as chiefly influenced by Bian Wenjin (c. 1400–40), with whom he painted Cranes (hanging scroll, ink on silk, 1.74×0.87 m; Guangzhou, Guangdong Prov. Mus.). He is thought of as one of the foremost protagonists of the Zhe school, painting boldly in ink on silk, with no more than a signature inscribed on his works. Lin Liang also painted magpies, peacocks, pheasants and magnificent eagles, many of them almost filling his hanging scrolls. Birds Assembling in a Thicket (handscroll, ink on paper, 0.34×12.11 m; Beijing, Pal. Mus.) is the finest example of Lin Liang’s lively brushwork. The composition begins with sparrows flying towards the upper branches of a flowering plum in which orioles are singing, then moves deep into the midst of the thicket. Bamboo and a venerable pine dominate in the left half of the scroll, with a final bankside section depicting wading birds beneath rushes. Over 70 birds are shown in all attitudes, from sparrows and kingfishers to a single eagle in the branches of the pine tree. Geese and Reeds (hanging scroll, ink on silk, 1.88×0.99 m; London, BM) exemplifies his work in ink and wash on silk. It shows four geese in the foreground by a swiftly flowing stream. In the stream are small boulders or rocks edged with thick black ink; reeds grow in a dense tangle with a few blades of long grass on the bank, obscuring the view into the middle and far distance. Since the focus is on the foreground, the subjects are large—the two geese in the front are close to full size—yet the painting is not cluttered, owing to the unifying effect of the ink washes and lines. --DOA", + "date": "b. ca. 1416 -1480", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuestisandHuestis", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Huestis & Huestis", -"comment": "Chicago Daily Tribune; International Competition for a New Administration Building for the Chicago Tribune, Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune, 1923. Springfield, Massachusetts architecture firm", -"date": "active ca. 1920", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinLonghua", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lin, Longhua", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuetDavid", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Huet, David", -"comment": "Schütz, Bernard; Great Monasteries of Europe, English language edition, New York; London: Abeeville Press Publishers, 2004. ", -"date": "active late 14th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinShu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lin, Shu", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HugganGerald", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Huggan, Gerald", -"comment": "George, Michael and Consuelo M. Correcher; Gardens of Spain, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1993. landscape architect", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HughesAbbotofCluny", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hughes, Abbot of Cluny", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1049-1109", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinShuMin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lin, Shu-Min", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Taipei and resides in New York; studied at the Fu-Shin Arts School in Taipei and the New York Institute of Technology, 1991.", + "date": "born 1963", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Huichong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Huichong", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h42c43 Alternate names: Hui-ch'ung, 惠崇 Song dynasty In the early Song period the monk–artist Huichong (c.965–1017) painted evocative river scenes with geese and reeds, works that were much praised by Su Shi and others of the late Northern Song (960–1127) literati group. --DOA", -"date": "active ca. 965 - 1017", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinTianmiao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lin, Tianmiao", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Taiyuan, Shanxi, resides in Beijing; studied at Capital Normal University, Beijing and Art Students League, New York, 1989.", + "date": "born 1961", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuitricH", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Huitric, H.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinTinggui", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lin, Tinggui", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). Alternate names: Lin T'ing-kuei, 林庭珪 Song dynasty Two obscure painters of Ningbo, for instance, Zhou Jichang and Lin Tinggui (neither of them Chan Buddhists), responded in 1178 to a commission from Japan to produce the set of 100 hanging scrolls representing 500 arhats (all but 12 in Shinjuan, Daitokuji, Kyoto); they were painted in a style then current in the imperial academy in nearby Lin’an (modern Hangzhou). --DOA", + "date": "active ca. 1160 - 1180", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuizongEmperor", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Huizong, Emperor", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h42z58, Alternate names: Hui-tsung, 徽宗, Song dynasty", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinYangzheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lin, Yangzheng", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. from Fujian Province, specializes in woodcut; alternate name: 林仰峥", + "date": "born 1923", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuizongEmperorofChina", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Huizong, Emperor of China", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). h42z58 Alternate names: Hui-tsung, 徽宗 Song dynasty (b Tianshui, Gansu Province, 1082; reg 1101–26; d Wuguocheng, Yilan, Heilongjiang Province, 1135). Chinese ruler and painter. The last emperor of the Northern Song period (960–1127), he was the 11th son of the emperor Shenzong (reg 1068–85). Huizong is considered to be the only accomplished artist in a line of emperors who all shared an interest in the arts. The fall of the Northern Song dynasty is usually attributed to Huizong’s neglect of his official duties in favour of religious and cultural pursuits. This preoccupation is described in miscellaneous notes of Deng Chun (fl 1127–67) in the Hua ji (‘Painting continued’; 1167) and by Tang Hou (fl 1322) in the Gujin huajian (‘Mirror of past and present painting’; 1320s), as well as in later chronicles such as the Tuhui baojian (‘Precious mirror for examining painting’; preface dated 1365) by Xia Wenyan. The development of Huizong’s aesthetic preferences and of his painting and calligraphy was supervised by three friends. They were all of high social rank but had different interests, and their preferences are reflected in the eclectic nature of the emperor’s style. Zhao Lingrang (fl c. 1070–1100) was a painter and connoisseur who assisted the emperor in his search for scrolls to add to the imperial collection. Wu Yuanyu (fl c. 1080–1104) has been described as a conservative academician. He was a pupil of Cui Bo (fl mid-11th century) and a conduit of the realistic tradition of painting to the emperor. The painter, connoisseur and collector Wang Shen (c. 1046–c. 1110) was also an eclectic intellectual calligrapher; he introduced the emperor to the calligraphic style of Huang Tingjian (1045–1105). While the emperor is best known for his bird-and-flower paintings, his calligraphy is probably the most significant of his accomplishments. It is highly personal and very different from the meticulous paintings attributed to him. Its unique style is described in a single reference by Tao Zongyi (fl 1350) in his Shushi hui yao (‘Essentials of calligraphy’): ‘The brush in Huizong’s running-cursive (xingshu) and regular (kaishu) scripts is graceful and powerful. He first studied the calligraphy of Xueji (648–718), and then altered [his master’s] brush method and manner to produce a style which he himself called “slender gold” script [shoujin ti]. The brushwork and style [of his calligraphy] evolved naturally and independently [of his master’s], so that [the relationship with Xueji] cannot easily be sought.’ (Chuang, p. 1.) As a collector Huizong invoked his rank to appropriate desirable paintings from sometimes unwilling owners. They are catalogued in the Xuanhe huapu (‘Xuanhe collection of painting’; compiled before 1119) with a preface written by the emperor and form the nucleus of the Palace Museum collection in Taipei. Huizong’s artistic significance is due in great part to the influence he exerted on others. During his reign the Hanlin Painting Academy became a centre of art education as well as painting (see also China, §V, 4(i)(c)). Members were officially graded in various ranks and were required in periodic examinations to illustrate quotations chosen by the emperor. The winning work was usually selected more on the basis of the originality of idea than on artistic merit. Huizong also maintained close supervision of paintings executed in the Baolu gong (Palace of Daoist Scriptures), where he required a flawless technique that tended to stultify painting as it emphasized craftsmanship over expression of feeling. It is difficult to assess Huizong’s true talent in painting. Early Chinese historians were anxious to elevate him to a status almost of martyrdom, and their laudatory adjectives made later objective evaluations difficult. For example, Deng Chun identifies the emperor as a genius and Tang Hou classifies his paintings as either ‘wonderful’ or ‘divine’. Another problem of evaluation arises from the tradition, according to early accounts, that when the emperor painted a picture, it was immediately copied by courtiers and artists seeking to obtain his signature on their work. This would explain the discrepancies in style of the paintings with authenticated signatures generally attributed to Huizong. According to Song- and Yuan-period (1279–1368) critics, Huizong painted successfully both in colour and monochrome ink, and several extant works in these traditions are available for comparison. The monochrome ink paintings are described as following the traditions of Li Cheng and Guo Xi. Landscapes and bamboo paintings put him in competition with the contemporary literati. Re-creations of early works can be studied in his copies of past masters such as Zhang Xuan. Ladies Preparing Newly Woven Silk (colour on silk, 370×1450 mm; Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.) is a copy attributed to Huizong by his grandson, the Jin emperor, Zhangzong (reg 1190–1209), who utilizes his ancestor’s calligraphic style in his inscription. Huizong is best known, however, for bird-and-flower album leaves composed in a pre-Song tradition. Carefully delineated forms drawn from life (xiesheng) in the tradition of Cui Bo rely on colour alone in the ‘boneless’ (mogu) technique of the Southern Tang (ad 937–75) artist Xu Xi. They create a new synthesis using the compositional device of flattened space characteristic of Huang Quan of the Five Dynasties period (907–60). This synthesis is exemplified by the Five-coloured Parakeet (horizontal scroll, colour on silk, 530×1250 mm; Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.), which bears his signature but which is probably not his work. The Dove on the Branch of a Blossoming Peach Tree (Tokyo, Setsū Gatodo priv. col.) is similar in composition and of more acceptable authenticity. Its technical perfection makes any individuality difficult to detect, but it exemplifies the flawless technique associated with the emperor. --DOA", -"date": "1082 - 1135", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinYilin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lin, Yilin", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Chinese artist, native of Guangzhou, Guangdong, member of China's avant-garde, co-founder of the Big-Tail-Elephant Group of collaborative artists, moved to the United States in 2001.", + "date": "b. 1964", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HukinandHeath", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hukin & Heath", -"comment": "Menz, Christopher; Morris & Company: Pre-Raphaelites and the Arts and Crafts Movement in South Australia, Adelaide: Art Gallery of South Australia, 1994. Birmingham", -"date": "active 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinYong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lin, Yong", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HullBasil", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hull, Basil", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -"date": "active early 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HulstLarry", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hulst, Larry", -"comment": "American century : art & culture. New York : Whitney Museum of American Art in association with W.W. Norton, c1999. vol. 2.. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinZhiyao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lin, Zhiyao", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Fujian Province, member of Anhui branch of the Chinese Artists' Association, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 林之耀", + "date": "born 1942", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HültzJohan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hültz, Johan", -"comment": "Swaan, Will; Gothic Cathedral: with an Historical Introduction, Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Co., Inc., 1969. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinZhuo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lin, Zhuo", + "comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Chinese architect", + "date": "active 2000-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuntAshley", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hunt, Ashley", -"comment": "Foster, Hal, Rosalind Krauss, Yve-Alain Bois, Benjamin H.D. Buchloh and David Joselit; Art Since 1900: Modernism, Antimodernism, Postmodernism, 1945 to the Present, vol. 2, second edition, London: Thames & Hudson, 2011. ", -"date": "active late 20th-early21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LindeCarlL", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Linde, Carl L.", + "comment": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_L._Linde. ", + "date": "1884-1945", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuntGeorgeJoseph", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hunt, George Joseph", -"comment": "Meyer, Marilee Boyd; Inspiring Reform: Boston's Arts and Crafts Movement, Wellesley: Davis Museum and Cultural Center, 1997. ", -"date": "1866-1947", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LindstromJohn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lindstrom, John", + "comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. American photographer", + "date": "b. 1938", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuntKay", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hunt, Kay", -"comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", -"date": "born 1933", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinfootBenjamin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Linfoot, Benjamin", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. architectural renderer", + "date": "1840-1912", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuntMarshall", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hunt, Marshall", -"comment": "David A. Bainbridge Gift Collection, Architecture and Allied Arts Library, University of Oregon. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LingMan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ling, Man", + "comment": "Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she; Shanghai ban hua xuan ji, Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1963. alternate name: 凌蛮", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuntPatrick", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hunt, Patrick", -"comment": "Moore, Doris Langley; Fashion Through Fashion Plates, 1771-1970, New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc. Publishers, 1971. Fashion photographer", -"date": "active ca. 1970", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinnDavid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Linn, David", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Oregon builder in Jacksonville", + "date": "active 1860s-1870s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuntRM", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hunt, R.M.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LintermannBernd", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lintermann, Bernd", + "comment": "Shanken, Edward A.; Art and Electronic Media, London; New York: Phaidon Press, 2009. ", + "date": "active early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HuntWillB", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hunt, Will B.", -"comment": "Meyer, Marilee Boyd; Inspiring Reform: Boston's Arts and Crafts Movement, Wellesley: Davis Museum and Cultural Center, 1997. ", -"date": "active 1897", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinthorpeArtPottery", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Linthorpe Art Pottery", + "comment": "Durant, Stuart; Christopher Dresser, London: Academy Editions, 1993. Middlesbrough, Yorkshire", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HunterK", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hunter, K.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LipperSusan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lipper, Susan", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. MFA Yale University (Photography, 1983).", + "date": "born 1953", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HunzickerJohn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hunzicker, John", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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Korean painter in the Chosen period.", -"date": "1578-1607", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuDahong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liu, Dahong", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", + "date": "active ca. 1990", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IMagninandCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "I. Magnin & Company", -"comment": "Moore, Doris Langley; Fashion Through Fashion Plates, 1771-1970, New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc. Publishers, 1971. 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Painted figures and landscapes after Li Cheng, Li Zhaodao, and Zhao Buzhu. --Seymour", + "date": "active ca. 1636 - 1652", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IMSingerandCo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "I.M. Singer & Co.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1851-1865", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuFang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liu, Fang", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IampolskiA", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Iampolski, A.", -"comment": "Erlande-Brandenburg, Alain; Notre-Dame de Paris, Paris: Éditions Nathan, 1991. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuGongliu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liu, Gongliu", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IbnAbuIQasimAliibnMuhammad", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ibn Abu-I-Qasim, Ali ibn Muhammad", -"comment": "Piotrovsky, M.B. and Rogers, J.M., eds.; Heaven On Earth: Art from Islamic Lands: Works from The State Hermitage Museum and the Khalili Collection, New York: Prestel Publishing, 2004. ", -"date": "1206, August-September", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IbnalSuyufi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ibn al-Suyufi", -"comment": "Stierlin, Henri; Splendours of an Islamic World, London: Tauris Parke Books, 1997. 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Painted Buddhist and Taoist figures, portraits, and landscapes. --Seymour", + "date": "active ca. 1270 - 1300", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ibnHasanYaqub", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "ibn Hasan, Ya'qub", -"comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. 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Abrams, Inc., 1979 (0810906414). ", -"date": "ca. 1480", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuHanyun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liu, Hanyun", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese peasant painter", + "date": "active third quarter 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ibnHusaynUstadHasan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "ibn Husayn, Ustad Hasan", -"comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. ", -"date": "1473", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuHuisheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liu, Huisheng", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Liu Hui-sheng ", + "date": "active mid 20th century ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ibnJafaribnUmaralAsturlabiMuhammad", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "ibn Ja'far ibn Umar al-Asturlabi, Muhammad", -"comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. ", -"date": "1430-1431", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuJack", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liu, Jack", + "comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. American photographer", + "date": "b. 1952", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IbnMihammadalHasibAhmad", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ibn Mihammad al-Hasib, Ahmad", -"comment": "Stierlin, Henri; Islam, Cologne: Taschen, 1996. Architect.", -"date": "861", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuJianan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liu, Jian'an", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Zouping, Shandong Province; original name: Liu Dianqing; alternate name: 刘建庵", + "date": "1917-1971", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ibnTimurShahrukh", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "ibn Timur, Shahrukh", -"comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. Shāhrukh Mīrzā (Persian: شاه رخ ميرزا - Šāhrukh Mīrzā, also known as Shāhruh, Shāhrokh or Shāhrukh u>, in Persian meaning "Face of the King" (According to Ibn ‘Arabshāh, his father was playing chess when he received the news of his birth, using this chess move as a name for the newborn child[1]) (August 20, 1377 - March 12, 1447), was the ruler of the eastern portion of the empire established by the Central Asian warlord Timur (Tamerlane) - the founder of the Timurid dynasty - governing most of Persia and Transoxiana between 1405 and 1447. Shāhrukh was the fourth and youngest son of Timur and child of one of his Persian wives. After Timur's death in 1405, his empire fell apart with various tribes and warlords competing for dominance. The Black Sheep Turkmen destroyed the western empire in 1410 when they captured Baghdad, but in Persia and Transoxiana Shāhrukh was able to secure effective control from about 1409. His empire controlled the main trade routes between East and West, including the legendary Silk Road, and became immensely wealthy as a result. The devastation of Persia's main cities led to the cultural centre of the empire shifting to Samarqand in modern Uzbekistan and Herat in modern Afghanistan. Shāhrukh chose to have his capital not in Samarqand, but in Herat. This was to become the political centre of the Timurid empire, and residence of his principal successors, though both cities benefited from the wealth and privilege of Shāhrukh's court, which was a great patron of the arts and sciences. His wife, Gowhar Shād, funded the construction of two outstanding mosques and theological colleges in Mashhad and Herāt. The Gowhar-Shād-Mosque was finished in 1418. The mixed ethnic origins of the ruling dynasty led to a distinctive character in its cultural outlook, which was a combination of Persian civilization and art, with borrowings from China, and literature written in Persian as well as Turkic and Arabic. In fact, Shah Rukh sent a large embassy to the Ming Dynasty of China in 1419. Shāhrukh died during a journey in Persia and was succeeded by his son, Mohammad Taragae Uluğ Bēg, who had been viceroy of Transoxiana during his father's lifetime. (Wikipedia)", -"date": "August 20, 1377 - March 12, 1447", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuJianhua", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liu, Jianhua", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Ji'an, Jiangxi Province; studied sculpture at the Art Institute of Jingdezhen, Jiangxi province; lives and works in Shanghai.", + "date": "b. 1962", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ibnUmarShaykShirazIskandarSultan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "ibn Umar-Shayk Shiraz, Iskandar-Sultan", -"comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. ", -"date": "ca. 1410-1411", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuJie", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liu, Jie", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l42j29 Alternate names: Liu Chieh, 劉節 Ming dynasty From Hunan. Son of painter Liu Jin. Painted fishes. --Seymour", + "date": "active ca. 1522 - 1566", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IbrahimbinGhanaim", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ibrahim bin Ghana'im", -"comment": "Stierlin, Henri; Splendours of an Islamic World, London: Tauris Parke Books, 1997 (1860642195). ", -"date": "1277", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuJun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liu, Jun", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l42j39 Alternate names: Liu Chün, 劉俊 Ming dynasty Court painter and officer of the imperial guard. Painted Taoist figures and landscapes in the style of Wu Wei. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 1500", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IbrahimEdhemibnAhmedRifet", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ibrahim Edhem ibn Ahmed Rifet", -"comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. Ottoman", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuKuiling", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liu, Kuiling", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IchieiseiYoshitsuya", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ichieisei, Yoshitsuya", -"comment": "Singer, Robert T. et al.; Edo: Art in Japan 1615-1868, Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1998. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IchikiShiro", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ichiki, Shiro", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1828-1903", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuLun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liu, Lun", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born Huiyang, Guangdong Province; alternate names: 刘仑", + "date": "born 1913", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IchimuraTetsuya", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ichimura, Tetsuya", -"comment": "Szarkowski, John and Shoji Yamagishi; New Japanese Photography, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1974. ", -"date": "born 1930", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuMing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liu, Ming", + "comment": "China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. Chinese artist, born in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province; graduated from the Nanjing Art Academy; emigrated to Paris in 1991.", + "date": "b. 1957", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IconesOperumMisericordiae", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Icones Operum Misericordiae", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuQimin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liu, Qimin", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Tianjing, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 刘其敏", + "date": "born 1929", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IdaKojiro", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ida, Kojiro", -"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuRentao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liu, Rentao", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese painter, born in Shenyang; graduated 1990 from Shenyang University; lives and works in Shanghai.", + "date": "b. 1965", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IdenticaPartnership", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Identica Partnership", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. As of December 10, 2003, Identica Partnership is a subsidiary of Cossette Communication Group, Inc.", -"date": "1922-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuShengzhan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liu, Shengzhan", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IgnatowichBoris", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ignatowich, Boris", -"comment": "Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. New York : Abbeville Press, 1997. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuShiru", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liu, Shiru", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l42s43r33 Alternate names: Liu Shih-ju, 劉世儒 Ming dynasty From Zhejiang province. Painted plum blossoms in the style of Wang Mian. --Seymour", + "date": "1517 - after 1601", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ikgroup4", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ik (group 4)", -"comment": "Reents-Budet, Dorie; Painting the Maya Universe: Royal Ceramics form the Classic Period, Durham; London: Duke University Press, 1994. Located in the archaeological site of Motul de San José, in the Petén lowlands of Guatemala on the western side of Lake Petén-Itzá. Ik classification is based on chemical, political, socioeconomic, and stylistic attributes.", -"date": "active 750-850", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuWei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liu, Wei", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist; born in Beijing; graduated from the China Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou; lives in Beijing.", + "date": "b. 1972", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IkedaMasao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ikeda, Masao", -"comment": "Kung, David; Contemporary Artist in Japan, English edition, Honolulu: East-West Center Press, 1966. ", -"date": "1934-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuWenxi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liu, Wenxi", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + "date": "born 1933", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IkedaTerukata", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ikeda, Terukata", -"comment": "Newland, Amy Reigle; Hotei Encyclopedia of Japanese Woodblock Prints, Amsterdam: Hotei Publishing, 2005. ", -"date": "1883-1921", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuXian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liu, Xian", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). A native of Lanfeng county, Henan province, enrolled at the Shanghai Arts College, also studied at the Imperial Arts College in Tokyo. Alternate name: 刘岘", + "date": "1915-1990", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ikko", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ikko", -"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. Ikko was a prolific artist of the early to middle 19th century. He is considered one of the great artists of his time and excelled in his pip cases and tonkotsu, as well as with netsuke. His use of multiple woods, ivory, jade, mother-of-pearl, and multiple other materials in combination in his compositions is unparalleled.", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuXiaodong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liu, Xiaodong", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Jinzhou, Liaoning Province; graduated 1995 from Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing.", + "date": "b. 1963", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ikukai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ikukai", -"comment": "Swinton, Elizabeth de Sabato; Women of the Pleasure Quarter, New York: Hudson Hills Press, in association with Worcester Art Museum, 1995. Nothing is known of this artist, who worked in a manner derived from that of Hokusai when he used the name Sori (late 1794-1798)", -"date": "fl. early 1800s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuXuxu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liu, Xuxu", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Liu Hsu-hsu", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IkyoEitetsu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ikyo, Eitetsu", -"comment": "Hickman, Money L. et al.; Japan's Golden Age: Momoyama, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuYanchong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liu, Yanchong", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IlBoccador", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Il Boccador", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IliakisKostis", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Iliakis, Kostis", -"comment": "Palagia, Olga; Pediments of the Parthenon, Leiden; New York; Cologne: E.J. Brill, 1993. illustrator", -"date": "active 1990s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuYe", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liu, Ye", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Beijing; 1986-1989 Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing; graduated 1994 from the Hochschule der Kunste Berlin.", + "date": "b. 1964", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IllinoisLithoCo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Illinois Litho Co.", -"comment": "Daniel, Noel; Magic: 1400s-1950s, Cologne: Taschen, 2009. ", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuYongle", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liu, Yongle", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ImamYusuf", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Imam Yusuf", -"comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. calligrapher Ottoman", -"date": "d. 1729", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuYongnian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liu, Yongnian", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l42y33n34 Alternate names: Liu Yung-nien, 劉永年 Song dynasty From Gaifeng province. Related to the Imperial Song family. Painted figures, flowers, birds, fruit, animals, Buddhist and Taoist subjects, insects and fishes. --Seymour", + "date": "1030 - after 1088", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ImanishiResidencePreservationSociety", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Imanishi Residence Preservation Society", -"comment": "Kobayashi, Tadashi, Johei Sasaki and Naomi Okawa; Taiga to Ōkyo, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuYongxian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liu, Yongxian", + "comment": "Nebiolo, Gino; La Cina dei Cinesi, Ivrea: Priuli & Verlucca, 1973. Chinese peasant painter during the Cultural Revolution", + "date": "active ca. 1965", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ImportGesellschaftGmbH", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Import-Gesellschaft GmbH", -"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuYu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liu, Yu", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l42y35 Alternate names: Liu Yü, 柳堉 Qing dynasty From Nanking. Poet and calligrapher. painted landscapes following Dong Yuan and Juran. --Seymour", + "date": "second half 17th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ImprentaPayol", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Imprenta Payol", -"comment": "Mena, Juan Carlos and Óscar Reyes; Sensacional Mexican Street Graphics, New York: Princeton Architectural press, 2002. ", -"date": "1961-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuYuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liu, Yuan", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l42y37 Alternate names: Liu Yüan , 劉瑗 Song dynasty Landscape painter and connoisseur of ancient pictures. --Seymour", + "date": "12th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ImprimeriedeBougeard", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Imprimerie de Bougeard", -"comment": "Lassus, Jean Baptiste Antoine and Amaury-Duval; Monographie de la Cathédrale de Chartres, Paris: Imprimerie impériale, 1842-1865. 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Painted landscapes. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 1620 - 1633", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ImprimerieDomnec", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Imprimerie Domnec", -"comment": "Name derived from original printed material house in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Oregon.. 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Chinese photographer, born in Wuqiang, Hebei Province; lives and works in Beijing.", + "date": "b. 1969", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ImprimerieMariton", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Imprimerie Mariton", -"comment": "Name derived from original printed material house in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Oregon.. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuZhide", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liu, Zhide", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Liu Chih-teh", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Inchi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Inchi", -"comment": "Mizuno, Keizaburō, Yoshiaki Kudō, and Hisao Miyake; Unkei to Kaikei : Kamakura no kenchiku, chōkoku, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991 . 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", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuthardofReichenauAbbey", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liuthard of Reichenau Abbey", + "comment": "Fuhrmann, Horst and Florentine Mūtherich; Evangeliar Heinrichs des Lōwen und das Mittelalterliche Herrscherbild, Munich: Prestel-Verlag, 1986. monk, head of the Reichenau Abbey scriptorium", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IndependentGroup", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Independent Group", -"comment": "Hopkins, David; After Modern Art, 1945-2000, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Inhan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "In'han", -"comment": "Mizuno, Keizaburō, Yoshiaki Kudō, and Hisao Miyake; Unkei to Kaikei : Kamakura no kenchiku, chōkoku, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", -"date": "1233", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LivingMuseum", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Living Museum", + "comment": "Heartney, Eleanor; Art & Today, New York: Phaidon Press, Inc., 2008. a group of artists-in-residence at the Creedmoor Psychiatric Center in Queens, NY who are also patients at the hospital. The project refuse to consider their artmaking simply a form of therapy or as a diagnostic tool.", + "date": "founded 1983", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/InklinkFirenz", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Inklink Firenz", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Italian illustration and communication studio specializing in historical reconstruction, didactic multimedia tours and illustrated informative works for exhibitions and museums", -"date": "founded 1995", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LivingstoneWilliam", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Livingstone, William", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Scottish-born Canadian landscape designer", + "date": "active 1939-1980", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/InnocentiandWebel", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Innocenti & Webel", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Long Island firm", -"date": "founded 1931", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LizongEmperorofChina", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lizong, Emperor of China", + "comment": "Fong, Wen C. Beyond representation : Chinese Painting and Calligraphy, 8th-14th Century. New York : Metropolitan Museum of Art New Haven : Yale University Press, c1992.. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/InnocentiUmberto", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Innocenti, Umberto", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Italian landscape designer; partner with Richard K. Webel in the firm Innocenti & Webel in Roslyn, Long Island", -"date": "1895-1968", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/InoueMokuda", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Inoue, Mokuda", -"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LlesC", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lles, C.", + "comment": "Ariza Muñoz, Carmen; Jardines de Madrid: Paseos Arbolados, Plazas y Parques, Madrid: Ayuntamiento de Madrid y Lunwerg Editores, 2001. ", + "date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/InoueYashuji", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Inoue, Yashuji", -"comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", -"date": "1864-1899", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LloydofNatal", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lloyd of Natal", + "comment": "Bernard, Bruce; Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography, 1840-1940, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. ", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Insho", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Insho", -"comment": "Toda, Teisuke and Ryūsuke Asami; Zenshū jiin to teien : Nanbokuchō, Muromachi no kenchiku chōkoku kōgei, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu. Examples from the 12th century, at the height of bugaku mask production, include highly refined works signed by such master Buddhist sculptors as Inshō.", -"date": "12th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LobelPH", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lobel, P. H.", + "comment": "Rennert, Jack; Posters of the Belle Epoque: the Wine Spectator Collection, New York: Wine Spectator Press, 1990. Beyond the fact that he was a skilled lithographer and that his work sold through 'La Plume' magazine's Editions d'Art, virtually nothing is known of Lobel's life. His artistic legacy is meager as well, consisting of only a few posters; yet those are enough to show that he deserves inclusion in Toulouse-Lautrec's circle of influence. ", + "date": "late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Inturist", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Inturist", -"comment": "Russian Postcards (Heghine). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LöberA", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Löber, A.", + "comment": "Curtius, Ludwig; Antike Rom, Wien: Verlag Anton Schroll & Co., 1944. 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Munich", -"date": "1883-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LovellJohnsLtd", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lovell Johns Ltd.", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. In October 2000 Lovell Johns became a wholly owned subsidiary of Avusa Ltd, a South African based media conglomerate quoted on the Johannesburg stock exchange.", + "date": "active 1970s-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JBandJMCornell", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "J.B. and J.M. Cornell", -"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LovellHumphrey", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lovell, Humphrey", + "comment": "Girouard, Mark; Elizabethan Architecture: Its Rise and Fall, 1540-1640, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. mason", + "date": "active 1550-1570", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JablonkaP", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jablonka, P.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LowArtTileWorks", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Low Art Tile Works", + "comment": "Kaplan, Wendy. The Art That's Life. Boston, Museum of Fine Arts.. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JackBroganUSA", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jack Brogan, USA", -"comment": "Fiell, Charlotte. Modern Furniture Classics since 1945. Washington, D.C. : American Institute of Architects Press, c1991.. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JackTrainAssociates", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jack Train Associates", -"comment": "Emporis; http://www.emporis.com. Chicago-based firm", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LoxleyB", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Loxley, B.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacksonArthur", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jackson, Arthur", -"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacobandJosefKohn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jacob and Josef Kohn", -"comment": "Wichmann, Siegfried; Jugendstil Art Nouveau: Floral and Functional Forms, First United States edition, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1984. Vienna", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LoyauMarcelFrancois", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Loyau, Marcel Francois", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "born 1895", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacobandJosefKohnVienna", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jacob and Josef Kohn, Vienna", -"comment": "Wichmann, Siegfried; Jugendstil Art Nouveau: Floral and Functional Forms, First United States edition, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1984. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuDi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lu, Di", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province; learn woodcut independently; alternate name: 陆地", + "date": "born 1917", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacobMark", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jacob, Mark", -"comment": "Doubilet, Susan; 'Traditional Office is Transformed', Progressive Architecture, vol. 66, no. 5. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuGuang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lu, Guang", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l45g39 Alternate names: Lu Kuang, 陸廣 Yuan dynasty Form Suzhou. Painted landscapes. --Seymour", + "date": "second quarter 14th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacobMax", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jacob, Max", -"comment": "Porzio, Domenico; Lithography: 200 Years of Art, History, & Technique, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1983. ", -"date": "active early 18th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuHao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lu, Hao", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Beijing; graduated 1992 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing.", + "date": "b. 1969", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacobSamuelSwinton", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jacob, Samuel Swinton", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1841-1917", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuHong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lu, Hong", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l45h33 Alternate names: Lu Hung, 盧鴻 Tang dynasty From Hubei province. Retired to Mt. Song, which he described in poems and a series of pictures. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 713 - 742", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacobbergerandSmith", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jacobberger and Smith", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuHsienMing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lu, Hsien-Ming", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese artist, born in Taipei, graduated from Culture University", + "date": "b. 1959", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacobbergerJames", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jacobberger, James", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Joseph (Josef) Jacobberger was born in Lautenbach, France on 1869 March 19 and moved to the United States with his family in 1872. Raised in Omaha, Neb., he received his degree in architecture from Creighton University. Joseph first set up his architectural practice in Minneapolis, Minn., then moved to California, and finally settled in Oregon in the l890s. For a time, he worked for the firm of Whidden and Lewis, after which he set up his own firm in 1900 and then formed Jacobberger & Smith with his colleague, Alfred H. Smith, in 1912. He designed residences, Catholic churches, and institutional and public buildings and was also Oregon chapter president of the American Institute of Architects (A.I.A.). Joseph married Anne Mary Lillis (b. 1863) in Portland on 1893 May 2, and the couple had six children, including son Francis Benedict Jacobberger. Joseph Jacobberger died on 1930 March 18. Francis Benedict Jacobberger was born in Portland, Or. on 1898 February 17. He attended the University of Oregon in Eugene, Or. and started his architectural career as a draftsman in his father's firm in 1921. Francis founded the firm Jacobberger and Stanton and also worked for the firm Jacobberger, Stanton, and Zeller, as well as Jacobberger, Franks, and Norman. He designed numerous Catholic churches, schools, hospitals, and other institutional buildings, including St. Francis Church and Providence Hospital in Portland, Or. Like his father, Francis served as president of the Oregon chapter of the American Institute of Architects (A.I.A.) from 1945-1946, and he also co-authored Oregon's architectural practices law. Francis married Maude Cowles Barnes (b. 1898) in 1923, and the couple had two daughters. Francis Benedict Jacobberger died on 1962 February 4. ", -"date": "1867-1930", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuHuancheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lu, Huancheng", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l45h38c39 Alternate names: Lü Huan-ch'eng, 呂煥成 Qing dynasty From Zhejiang province. Painted figures, flowers, and landscapes in the style of Luo Mu. --Seymour", + "date": "1630 - after 1705", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacobsonConstance", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jacobson, Constance", -"comment": "Acton, David; Sixty Years of North American Prints: 1947-2007, Boston: Boston Printmakers, 2009. American printmaker and graphic designer", -"date": "born 1951", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuHui", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lu, Hui", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l45h42 Alternate names: Lu Hui, 陸恢 Modern From Jiangsu province. Painter of the traditional school. Painted landscapes, figures, flowers, birds, fruit. Inscription in running script style dated 1901. --Seymour", + "date": "1851 - 1920", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacopodiAntonio", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jacopo di Antonio", -"comment": "Gordon, Dillian; Fifteenth Century Italian Paintings, London: National Gallery Company, 2003. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuLengjia", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lu, Lengjia", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l45l29j25 Alternate names: Lu Leng-chia, 盧楞伽 Tang dynasty From Xi'an (Chang'an) province. Famous picture of "16 Lohan Crossing the Ocean." Wall paintings in Buddhist temples in Xi'an, Loyang, and later Chengdu. Also other religious pictures. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 730 - 760", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Jacqmar", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jacqmar", -"comment": "Torrens, Deborah; Fashion Illustrated: A Review of Women's Dress, 1920-1950, New York: Hawthorne Books, Inc. Publishers, 1975. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LüMeng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lü, Meng", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Yongkang, Zhejiang Province; alternate name:吕蒙; original name: Xu Jingxiang, 徐京祥", + "date": "born 1915", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacqmarLtdFabrics", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jacqmar Ltd Fabrics", -"comment": "Torrens, Deborah; Fashion Illustrated: A Review of Women's Dress, 1920-1950, New York: Hawthorne Books, Inc. Publishers, 1975. London textile manufacturers who developed a fashion house after WWII. They were known as Jacqmar Fabrics from 1936 and as Jacqmar Ltd Fabrics from 1942. ", -"date": "1936-1972", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LüMin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lü, Min", + "comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Kunming, Yunnan province", + "date": "born 1962", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JafaralSadiq", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ja'far al-Sadiq", -"comment": "Falk, Toby, ed.; Treatures of Islam, London: Philip Wilson Publishers, Ltd., 1985 . Shia Imam", -"date": "ca. 702-765/766", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LüNan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lü, Nan", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. independent documentary photographer", + "date": "late 20th-early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JagamarraMichaelNelson", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jagamarra, Michael Nelson", -"comment": "Archer, Michael. Art since 1960. New York : Thames & Hudson, c2002.. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LüPinjing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lü, Pinjing", + "comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Chinese architect", + "date": "active ca. 1990-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JalaluddinMuhammadAkbartheGreat", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar the Great", -"comment": "Roger, J.M.; Islamic Art and Design 1500-1700, London: British Museum Publications, 1983 (0714114286). Son of Humayun; Mughal", -"date": "1542-1605", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuQing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lu, Qing", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Shenyang, Liaoning Province; graduated 1989 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing.", + "date": "b. 1965", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JallotLéon", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jallot, Léon", -"comment": "Brunhammer, Yvonne and Suzanne Tise; Decorative Arts in France, 1900-1942, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1990. French interior designer", -"date": "1920s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuShidao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lu, Shidao", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l45s43d26 Alternate names: Lu Shih-tao, 陸師道 Ming dynasty From Suzhou. Pupil of Wen Chengming. Poetry, calligraphy, inscriptions. Landscapes in the style of Ni Zan. --Seymour", + "date": "1510 - 1570", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JamesCouperandSons", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "James Couper & Sons", -"comment": "Victoria and Albert Museum website. ", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuTan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lu, Tan", + "comment": "Zhu Xiaofang Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981and Wang Jinxian; Shan Xi Chang Zhi Gu Xian Cun Song Dai Bi Hua Mu, Wen Wu, vol. 2005, no. 4. alternate name: 路坦", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JamesMarshallandCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "James Marshall & Company", -"comment": "Menz, Christopher; Morris & Company: Pre-Raphaelites and the Arts and Crafts Movement in South Australia, Adelaide: Art Gallery of South Australia, 1994. Adelaide", -"date": "1880-1928", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuTi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lu, Ti", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Cixi, Zhejiang Province; original name: Ye Jianming; alternate name: 路荑 ", + "date": "born 1933", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JamesRussellandSons", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "James Russell and Sons", -"comment": "The Royal Commonwealth Society Photograph Collection . James Russell and Sons was a commercial photographic firm based in London, England. The company was established in 1852. It occupied a number of premises: 29 Union Road, Tufnell Park 1883-85; 199 Brompton Road 1884-88; 49 Brecknock Road 1886-99, 17 Baker Street 1889-. The company was still in business in 1908 (Pritchard 1994, pp.100-101). During the late nineteenth century the firm also had studios at 13 High Street, Windsor and 50 Clarendon Road, Southsea. ", -"date": "ca. 1850-ca. 1908", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuTian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lu, Tian", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1931-1949 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981;. alternate name: 陆田", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JamiAbdulRahman", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jami, Abdul-Rahman", -"comment": "Simpson, Marianna Shreve; Sultan Ibrahim Mirza's Haft Awrang: A Princely Manuscript from Sixteenth-Century Iran, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997 (0300068026). Persian and Tajik Sufi poet ", -"date": "1414-1492", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JankeUrban", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Janke, Urban", -"comment": "Roder, Sabine, Gerhard Storck, and Michael Fehr; Deutsches Museum fur Kunst in Handel und Gewerbe, 1909-1919, Antwerp: Pandora, 1997. ", -"date": "1887-1914", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuWei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lu, Wei", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l45w26 Alternate names: Lu Wei, 陸__ Qing dynasty From Jiangsu province. Landscapes, followed the two Mi and Gao Kegong. --Seymour", + "date": "active ca. 1700", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JankowskiChristian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jankowski, Christian", -"comment": "Heartney, Eleanor; Art & Today, New York: Phaidon Press, Inc., 2008. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuWenying", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lu, Wenying", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l45w27y32 Alternate names: Lü Wen-ying, 呂文英 Ming dynasty From Zhejiang province. Called Little Lu. Summoned to palace with Lu Qi. Painted toy peddler. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 1488 - 1505", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JanssensWynand", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Janssens, Wynand", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuXun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lu, Xun", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JarvieShop", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jarvie Shop", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Metalworking workshop in Chicago, Illinois", -"date": "founded 1904", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JasparFredrich", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jaspar, Fredrich", -"comment": "Akademie der Bildenden Künste in Wien; Wagnerschule: Projekte, Studien und Skizzen aus der spezialschule für Architektur des Oberbaurat Otto Wagner, Professor an der K.K. Akademie der Bildenden Künste in Wien, Leipzig: Baumgärtners Buchhandlung, 1910. Vienna", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuYanshao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lu, Yanshao", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + "date": "1909-1993", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JawharalSiqillyCaliph", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jawhar al-Siqilly, Caliph", -"comment": "Archnet; http://archnet.org. ", -"date": "970", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuYifei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lu, Yifei", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province; alternate name: 陆一飞", + "date": "1931-2005", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JayWilliam", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jay, William", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Architect, apprenticed in London, relocated to Georgia in 1817 where he opened an office in Charleston and undertook a number of commissions there and in Savannah.", -"date": "1792-1837", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuYingxiang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lu, Yingxiang", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JeanDominique", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jean, Dominique", -"comment": "Goodison, Nicholas; Matthew Boulton: Ormolu, revised edition, London: Christie's, 2002. ", -"date": "active mid 18th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JeckFrank", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jeck, Frank", -"comment": "Kaplan, Wendy; 'The Art That is Life': The Arts and Crafts Movement in America, 1875-1920, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1987. ", -"date": "active 1920s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuYuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lu, Yuan", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l45y37 Alternate names: Lu Yüan, 陸遠 Qing dynasty From Suzhou. Painted landscapes. --Seymour", + "date": "active ca. 1665 - 1694", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JefferysThomas", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jefferys, Thomas", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuZhi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lu, Zhi", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l45z44 Alternate names: Lu Chih, 陸治 Ming dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 1496; d Suzhou, 1576). Chinese painter and minor poet. He is associated with the Wu school of painters active in Suzhou during the Ming period (1368–1644). Lu’s surviving paintings date to 1523–74; the most distinctive, executed between 1547 and 1555, represent a synthesis between the literati style of painting (wenren hua), as exemplified by Wen Zhengming (see Wen, (1)), and the professional tradition, as epitomized by Qiu ying. Lu himself was a literatus: after he passed the local civil-service examination, his studies were supported by the prefectural government, though he never succeeded in the provincial examination. In 1557, at the age of 61, he was awarded the largely honorary gongsheng degree and allowed to retire. Lu lived a life of genteel poverty. With the exception of two years as an instructor in a Confucian school in the early 1520s, he did not accept employment, refusing the hopeful students who sought him out. In the mid-1550s he built a retreat outside Suzhou on Mt Zhixing, where he lived in relative seclusion until the age of 80, when failing health forced him to return to the city. His biographer Wang Shizhen noted that Lu was somewhat misanthropic: he barred the door and hid at the approach of unwanted guests, though he might talk the night away over home-made chrysanthemum wine with a few select friends. Lu moved only on the fringes of the artistic and intellectual circles surrounding Wen Zhengming and probably did not study directly with the older artist, although Wen’s paintings, ubiquitous in Suzhou, exerted a seminal influence on his development. In fact, two major lines of interest are revealed in Lu’s early works: one is exemplified by the hanging scroll Reading the Yijing by a Snowy Window (1524; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), which explores the fine textures and traceries of bare branches in a mode characteristic of Wen Zhengming; the other is represented by the handscroll Combined Painting and Calligraphy of Wen Zhengming and Lu Zhi (Wen Zhengming Lu Zhi shuhua hebi juan, 1535; Beijing, Pal. Mus.), which features swelling volumes and packed spaces in a style associated with Wen’s teacher Shen zhou. The two lines of interest are combined in Lu’s paintings of the 1540s. For example, a landscape hanging scroll (c. 1540; Chicago, IL, A. Inst.) explores the tensions between surface and depth and between linear pattern and volumetric form. Such juxtapositions continued into Lu’s artistic maturity, as for example in the masterwork Jade Field (see fig.). In this painting, a complex of motifs centres on a cave entrance, evoking the literary and artistic theme of the Peach Blossom Spring, land of the immortals. The cave depicted in the scroll is recognizable as a specific place, the Zhang Gong Stalactite Grotto in Yixing County, a subject that had also been painted by Shen Zhou, but it is identified with the cave-entrance to paradise by the use of the Blue-and-green (qinglü) colour scheme and angular brushwork associated with both antique painting styles and paradisaical imagery. The composition is close in style to the tradition of the Yuan master of literati painting Wang meng, as transmitted by Wen Zhengming, though the angular brushwork and crystalline rock forms are based on the professional version of the Blue-and-green tradition practised by Qiu Ying. Lu continued to depict complexes of real and mythical imagery in a similar style until the mid-1550s. He then developed a quieter vision, executing several topographical paintings, including the 16-leaf album, Journey to Baiyue (1554; Kyoto, Fujii Yurinkan Mus.), and a handscroll painted during a trip to Nanjing (1558; Tianjin, Mus. A.). Several important works from the 1560s are in the styles of old masters, notably Daoist Retreat among Streams and Mountains (1567; Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.) in the style of Ni Zan and Hermit Fisherman at Huaqi (1568; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). From 1565 until his death, Lu was in at least occasional contact with Wang Shizhen, a leading literary figure who lived in nearby Taicang and collected works by many Wu school painters. Lu executed many paintings at Wang’s request, including his latest surviving work, a copy (1574; Shanghai Mus.) of the 40-leaf album of Mt Hua by Wang Li (b 1332). Lu was influential mainly for his combining of literati and professional devices in his painting, which prepared the way for later artists in Suzhou and elsewhere. --DOA", + "date": "1496 - 1576", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JeffreyandCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jeffrey & Company", -"comment": "Soros, Susan Weber; E.W. Godwin: Aesthetic Movement Architect and Designer, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999. British wallpaper manufacturer", -"date": "established 1836", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuZonggui", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lu, Zonggui", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l45z58g42 Alternate names: Lu Tsung-kuei, 魯宗貴 Song dynasty From Zhejiang province. Painted flowers, bamboo, orchids, animals. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 1228 - 1233", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JenaBurgauFactory", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jena-Burgau Factory", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LubinLera", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lubin, Lera", + "comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JenningsDeAnn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jennings, De Ann", -"comment": "Cohen, Joyce Tenneson; In/Sights: Self Portraits by Women, Boston: David R. Godine Publisher, 1978. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JenningsMountain", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jennings, Mountain", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active early 17th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LublinLea", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lublin, Lea", + "comment": "Schimmel, Paul. Out of Actions: Between Performance the the Object, 1949-1979. Los Angeles, Calif. : The Museum of Contemporary Art New York : Thames and Hudson, 1998. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JenningsPackard", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jennings, Packard", -"comment": "Klanten, Robert, Alain Bieber, Pedro Alonzo, Silke Krohn et al; Art & Agenda: Political Art and Activism, Berlin: Gestalten, 2011. Active 1998- present", -"date": "Born 1970", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JennisonAndrea", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jennison, Andrea", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuciusFabricius", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lucius Fabricius", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Curator of the roads and a member of the gens Fabricia of Rome", + "date": "active mid 1st century BCE", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JenoureAlfred", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jenoure, Alfred", -"comment": "http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/46023/details/keir+house/. ", -"date": "active ca. 1850", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LudovisiLudovico", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ludovisi, Ludovico", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Cardinal, nephew of Poper Gregory XV", + "date": "ca.1595-1632", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JentschAntonJoseph", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jentsch, Anton Joseph", -"comment": "Schütz, Bernard; Great Monasteries of Europe, English language edition, New York; London: Abeeville Press Publishers, 2004. ", -"date": "active early 18th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LudwigAlois", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ludwig, Alois", + "comment": "Der Architekt, vol. 2. ", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JerónimodeAlgora", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jerónimo de Algora", -"comment": "Wikipedia. Spanish gardener", -"date": "active mid 16th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LudwikIDukeofBrzegandLegnica", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ludwik I, Duke of Brzeg and Legnica", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "ca. 1321-1398", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JessupShane", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jessup, Shane", -"comment": "Gastman, Roger, Zio Fulcher and Jamie Rivadeneira; Hello Kitty, Hello Art!, New York: Abrams, 2012. ", -"date": "Late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LugerMax", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Luger, Max", + "comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JesurunJohn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jesurun, John", -"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JevbrattLisa", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jevbratt, Lisa", -"comment": "Greene, Rachel; Internet Art, London: Thames & Hudson, 2004. ", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuisAdurizAndoni", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Luis Aduriz, Andoni", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "born 1971", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JewisonNorman", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jewison, Norman", -"comment": "American century : art & culture. New York : Whitney Museum of American Art in association with W.W. Norton, c1999. vol. 2.. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LukerMark", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Luker, Mark", + "comment": "Torrens, Deborah; Fashion Illustrated: A Review of Women's Dress, 1920-1950, New York: Hawthorne Books, Inc. Publishers, 1975. British fashion designer and illustrator", + "date": "ca. 1919-1972", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiDachun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ji, Dachun", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Nantong, Jiangsu Province; graduated 1993 from the Central Institute of Fine Arts, Beijing.", -"date": "b. 1968", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LunacharskyAnatolyVasilievich", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lunacharsky, Anatoly Vasilievich", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Lunacharsky was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and the first Soviet People's Commissar of Enlightenment responsible for culture and education. He was active as an art critic and journalist throughout his career.", + "date": "1875-1933", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiaGejiang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jia, Gejiang", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Chia Keh-chiang ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LundinD", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lundin, D.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiaShigu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jia, Shigu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j25s43g35 Alternate names: Chia Shih-ku, 賈師古 Song dynasty Jia Shigu (fl 1130–60), an official from Bianliang (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), who served in the imperial painting academy at Lin’an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province) during the Shaoxing period (1131–61) of the reign of Gaozong (reg 1127–62). --DOA", -"date": "active ca. 1130 - 1160", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiaYiqun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jia, Yiqun", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Guiyang, Guizhou Province, council member of Guizhou branch of the Chinese Artists' Association, council member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 贾宜群", -"date": "born 1916", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuoBrothers", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Luo Brothers", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Group of Chinese artists who live and work in Beijing: group consists of Luo Weidong (born 1963); Luo Weiguo (born 1964); and Luo Weibing (born 1972).", + "date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiaYoufu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jia, Youfu", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuoChuang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Luo, Chuang", + "comment": "Fachang, Shih Ruofen, Teisuke Toda; Mokkei, Gyokkan, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1973. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JianJiang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jian, Jiang", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active 17th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangBibo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jiang, Bibo", -"comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. Jiang Bibo was born in Guiyang, Guizhou province. Upon her graduation from Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts in 1962, Jiang joined the faculty and later became a professor and head for the print department, She has studied oil painting and also is an accomplished sculptor. From 1985-1987 she was a visiting professor, first in the United States and then in Canada. She has been a member of the council of the Chinese Artists' Association and a member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association. ", -"date": "born 1939", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuoGongliu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Luo, Gongliu", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + "date": "born 1916", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangFeng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jiang, Feng", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Shanghai; alternate name: 江丰", -"date": "1910-1982", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuoMingjun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Luo, Mingjun", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist. Member of Zero Art Group (Ling yishu jituan), wrote their manifesto.", + "date": "b. 1963", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangGui", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jiang, Gui", -"comment": "Jacobsen, Robert D.; Appreciating China: Gifts from Ruth and Bruce Dayton, Minneapolis : Minneapolis Institute of Arts, 2002 (1588860299). Jiang Gui was a follower of Wu Wei (1459-1508), the Zhe school master of wet-ink painting", -"date": "active late 14th-early 15th century ", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuoPing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Luo, Ping", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l48p37 Alternate names: Lo P'ing, 羅__ Qing dynasty (b Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 1733; d 1799). Chinese painter and writer. Luo was the youngest of the major Yangzhou school painters of the 18th century and a significant innovator in the genres of portraiture and depiction of ghosts. Born into a family of scholar–officials, in his early career Luo was much influenced by Jin Nong, his teacher in poetry and painting from about 1757. After Jin’s death in 1763 Luo undertook the editing of some of his mentor’s writings, together with other quasi-filial duties. Jin’s historical and self-conscious exploration of a broad range of genres, including plum and bamboo painting, portraiture and Buddhist figure painting, clearly influenced Luo’s choice of subject-matter. However, the relationship was not one-sided: Luo was more technically accomplished than his teacher and probably painted works to which Jin signed his own name. Luo’s portrait Jin Nong Taking a Noon Nap (hanging scroll; 1760; Shanghai Mus.) is notably informal and irreverent in style. Several other paintings from Luo’s early career document both his entrance, by the early 1760s, into the cultured circles of south-east China and his exploration of the significance of portraiture. A second portrait, Jin Nong, and an image of the antiquarian and seal-carver Ding Jing (hanging scrolls on paper; both Hangzhou, Zhejiang Prov. Mus.) depict the scholars as luohan (Skt: arhats) and reflect Luo’s religious interests as well as his flexible conception of the self. Related to these paintings is a portrait of the Chan Buddhist Master Tan (hanging scroll; 1763; Suzhou Mus.), the inscription on which suggests a composite identity for the sitter, part contemporary monk and part legendary Chan eccentric. Luo’s probing of the conceptual boundaries of portraiture recurs in a portrait of the eminent writer, Yuan Mei (1781; Muko, Shujiro Shimada priv. col.), where the problematic nature of the identity of the subject is noted by the sitter in his long and witty inscription. After Jin’s death, Luo travelled widely: in 1764 and 1765 he visited parts of Jiangsu, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces, and in 1771 and 1779 he went to Beijing, where he remained until the last months of his life. As earlier in Yangzhou, Luo associated with many leading scholar–officials and literary men of the capital. His greatest success, though a qualified one, was an eight-section scroll, the Guiqu tu (‘The fascination of ghosts’; see fig.), painted before 1772. One of Luo’s several variations on the theme, this painting bears a number of appreciative and critical inscriptions. Luo’s ghost scenes reflect, and perhaps exploit, a broad contemporary taste for the literary genre of ghost stories. Nonetheless, the sincerity of his interest in ghosts and other occult phenomena is certain; his essay collection Woxin lu (‘Record of my beliefs’; 1791) has chapters on reincarnation, ghosts and spirits, as well as on the significance of many of his paintings. Moreover, in comparison to the merely humorous grotesqueries of contemporary standard ghost paintings, Luo’s Guiqu tu is distinguished both by its subtly appropriate technical devices—murkily suffused ink washes, bleeding, indistinct contours and eerily unnatural colours—and by its glimpses of anguish, confusion and terror associated with the human world. Luo’s largest body of work comprised minor technical and compositional variations on the standard Yangzhou school themes of bamboo, plum and epidendrum. He also painted explicitly Buddhist themes, sometimes on temple walls. Two landscape albums from around the 1770s best display his technical mastery, together with a thematic subtlety and ingenuity to rival anything of his century: Landscapes (Princeton U., NJ, A. Mus.) and Landscapes Illustrating the Poems of Jiang Kui of the Southern Song (1774; Washington, DC, Freer). The latter includes such inventive scenes as a rabbit fleeing the vividly realized chaos of a forest fire. Despite his originality and early success, Luo spent his later years living quietly in Beijing temples or at the residences of patrons, and he died almost destitute, exemplifying the precarious position of the institutionally independent artist of the 18th century, subject to financial pressures and shifting tastes. --DOA", + "date": "1733 - 1799", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangHong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jiang, Hong", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j27h33 Alternate names: Chiang Hung, 姜泓 Ming or Qing dynasty?", -"date": "18th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuoQingzhen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Luo, Qingzhen", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Xingning, Guangdong Province; alternate name: 罗清桢", + "date": "1905-1942", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangJie", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jiang, Jie", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Chinese artist and sculptor, associate professor of sculpture at Central Academy of Fine Art in Beijing.", -"date": "b. 1963", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuoZhichuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Luo, Zhichuan", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l48z44c48 Alternate names: Lo Chih-ch'uan, 羅稚川 Yuan dynasty, unrecorded From Jiangsu province. Scholar and associate of noted literati of the time. Painted birds. --Seymour", + "date": "d. before 1330", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangShen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jiang, Shen", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j27s39 Alternate names: Chiang Shen , Jiang Can Song dynasty", -"date": "active ca. 1090 - 1138", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuoZhongli", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Luo, Zhongli", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + "date": "born 1948", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangSong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jiang, Song", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j27s56 Alternate names: Chiang Sung, 將嵩 Ming dynasty Painted landscapes and figures following Wu Wei, but painted in a rough manner with a dry brush like Zhang Lu and his friends. --Seymour", -"date": "active ca. 1500", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Lupov", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lupov", + "comment": "Calendar: thirty years of the Soviet State, 1917-1947, Moscow: Foreign Languages Pub. House, 1947. ", + "date": "active 1917", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangWeiqiang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jiang, Weiqiang", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese artist", -"date": "b. 1961", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LutesandAmundsen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lutes and Amundsen", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangYin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jiang, Yin", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j27xy29 Alternate names: Chiang Yin, 姜隱 Ming dynasty Painted figures, flowers, and fruits. --Seymour", -"date": "16th century ", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangYun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jiang, Yun", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LutesDonaldH", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lutes, Donald H.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangZhang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jiang, Zhang", -"comment": "Realms of Faith, Kaikodo Journal, vol. 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangZhaohe", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jiang, Zhaohe", -"comment": "Barnhart, Richard, James Cahill and Wu Hung; Three Thousand Years of Chinese Painting, New Haven; Beijing: Yale University Press; Foreign Languages Press, 1997. Chinese painter, specialized in human figures, particularly contemporary people of society's lowest strata.", -"date": "1904-1986", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LutesSanetelArchitects", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lutes, Sanetel Architects", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiangZicheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jiang, Zicheng", -"comment": "Little, Stephen and Shawn Eichman; Taoism and the Arts of China, Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 2000. Chinese Ming painter", -"date": "active ca. late 14th-early 15th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiaoBingzhen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jiao, Bingzhen", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j28b37z42 Alternate names: Chiao Ping-chen, 焦秉貞 Qing dynasty ...within the palace Western style and perspective are traceable in the female portraits of Jiao Bingzhen (1662–1722), for example Shinu tuce (‘Album of paintings of beautiful women’; Beijing, Pal. Mus.) or Shinu tuce yu (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). --DOA", -"date": "active ca. 1680 - 1720", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LüttichHans", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lüttich, Hans", + "comment": "Pigeat, Jean-Paul; Gardens of the World: Two Thousand Years of Garden Design, English language edition, Paris: Editions Flammarion, 2003. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiaoCaiyun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jiao, Caiyun", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Chiao Tsai-yun", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JiaoXinhe", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jiao, Xinhe", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1931-1949 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981;. alternate name: 焦心河", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuttonBen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lutton, Ben", + "comment": "Daniel, Noel; Magic: 1400s-1950s, Cologne: Taschen, 2009. Painter of sideshow banners. ", + "date": "active 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JimLoganArchitects", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jim Logan Architects", -"comment": "McGregor, Suzi Moore and Nora Burba Trulsson; Living Homes: Sustainable Architecture and Design, San Francisco: Chronicle Press, 2008. American architectural firm", -"date": "active ca. 1995", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LutzRudolf", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lutz, Rudolf", + "comment": "Fiedler, Jeannine and Peter Feierabend; Bauhaus, Cologne: Konemann, 2000. ", + "date": "1895-1966", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinCheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jin, Cheng", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuzSolar", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "LuzSolar", + "comment": "David A. Bainbridge Gift Collection, Architecture and Allied Arts Library, University of Oregon. ", + "date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinChushi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jin, Chushi", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "late 12th–13th century ", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LycettEdward", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lycett, Edward", + "comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. ", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinFeng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jin, Feng", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Shanghai; lives in Changzhou, Jingsu Province.", -"date": "b. 1962", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Lykorgos", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lykorgos", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinKequan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jin, Kequan", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinKun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jin, Kun", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j32k42 Alternate names: Chin K'un, 金昆 Qing dynasty", -"date": "active ca. 1662 - 1722", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LynneJill", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lynne, Jill", + "comment": "Cohen, Joyce Tenneson; In/Sights: Self Portraits by Women, Boston: David R. Godine Publisher, 1978. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinLan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jin, Lan", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/lynxarchitecture", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "lynx architecture", + "comment": "Roth, Manuela; Ecological Living, Kempen: teNeus Verlag, 2009. German architectural firm", + "date": "active ca. 1990-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinMeisheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jin, Meisheng", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter", -"date": "1902-1989", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MArtGroup", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "M Art Group", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. An artist collective founded in October 1986 by Song Haidong who taught at the Shanghai Art College. In the group's manifesto, they advocated that artists leave their studios and engage with the people at large, thus bypassing the old value systems and institutions. In their performance art, the works were unconventional: often violent, masochistic and sadistic, featuring wild behavior and violence enacted on their own and each others' bodies.", + "date": "formed 1986", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinNong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jin, Nong", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j32n43 Alternate names: Chin Nung, 金農 Qing dynasty (b Renhe, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 1687; d 1764). Chinese painter, calligrapher and poet. He was one of the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou (see Yangzhou school). In his youth he showed promise as a poet, and his talent was appreciated by such leading scholars as Mao Qiling (1623–1716) and Zhu Yizun (1629–1709). His teacher, He Chuo (1661–1722), also praised him as a poet belonging to the tradition of the Tang-period (ad 618–907) poets Meng Haoran (689–740) and Gu Juang (c. 725–814), and as the best among his peers. Jin became a notable figure in the Nanping shi she (Nanjing Poetry Club), whose members included such distinguished literati figures and artists as Li E (1692–1752), Huang Shijun (1696–1773), Ding Jing (1696–1765) and Chen Zhuan (1668–after 1748). It was at this time that he acquired the reputation of being aloof and difficult—‘eccentric’—which did not, however, prevent him from being known and well received. He was seen frequently among the élites of the cultural and artistic centres of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, and Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, or of other cities visited during his travels. Except for a brief tenure as a family tutor, he had no paid employment. Instead, unlike the literati amateur painters, who sometimes accepted money privately, he made a living by bartering his writings and paintings. Part of his patronage came from wealthy salt merchants and officials in Yangzhou. When he approached the reigning poet, Yuan Mei, with the hope of broadening his clientele, he was good-naturedly chastised. Precarious though his circumstances often were, he indulged in refined, even sensual pleasures and took in servants known for their artistic and literary talents. A connoisseur of antiques, he amassed a notable collection of inkstones (see China, §XIII, 13) and thousands of ink rubbings. Jin’s style of calligraphy was inspired by the Han-period (206 bc–ad 220) clerical script (lishu), as seen in the inscription on his painting Bamboo (see fig.). He developed a uniquely bold, innovative style by combining thickened lateral brushstrokes with attenuated vertical or slanted strokes. In this way he attempted to re-create the engraved impression of stelae of the Northern Wei period (ad 386–534; see China, §IV, 2(vii)). Jin claimed that it was not until 1736 that he began to paint. In that year he declined candidacy for the prestigious boxue hongci (‘wide erudition’) examination offered by the Qianlong emperor (reg 1736–96). Nevertheless, he travelled to Beijing and during the journey had the opportunity to study ancient works in various art collections. An album of paintings attributed to Jin Nong (Zurich, Mus. Rietberg) includes his first attempts at landscape painting. The inscriptions show the artist’s predilection for a style of calligraphic inscription on paintings that was so rigid as to be akin to printed forms. The contrast with the fluent strokes and subtle strength seen in his calligraphic works per se is marked. Once embarked, at the age of 50, on his painting career, Jin experimented ceaselessly in a wide range of themes. In his 60s he began to explore the theme of bamboo. He also painted plum blossoms, a subject in which he was influenced by Gao Xiang (1688–1754) and Wang Shishen (1686–1759), and horses, a theme of long standing, but rarely tackled by Jin’s contemporaries except in official court painting and by Qing Feng (1740–95). In Jin’s paintings of Buddhist subjects and in his portraiture, he attempted a novel iconic approach and a distinct mode of characterization. His painting talent lay less in his technical skill than in his archaic and whimsical presentation of unusual imagery. The impact of the paintings, which are accompanied by inscriptions, is sharpened by the juxtaposition of his rigid, blocklike calligraphy and the wistful lyrics in the inscription. Jin produced paintings between the 1730s and 1764 only. Two disciples, Luo ping and Xiang Jun, are recorded as having produced works jointly with him, Luo from 1759 and Xiang from 1761. As a result of their collaborations, authentication of Jin Nong’s later works often involves careful study of the works of Luo Ping and, to a lesser extent, of Xiang Jun. Of the two it was Luo Ping who succeeded the master and who was also designated one of the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou. --DOA", -"date": "1687 - 1764", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MandHSchrenkeisen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "M. & H. Schrenkeisen", + "comment": "Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute; Masterpieces of American furniture from the Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, NY: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1999. New York, New York firm of Martin (died ca. 1900) and Henry (died 1887)", + "date": "1859-1903", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinShangyi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jin, Shangyi", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -"date": "b. 1934", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MF", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "M. F.", + "comment": "Der Architekt, vol. 2. ", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinWenjin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jin, Wenjin", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j32w27j32 Alternate names: Chin Wen-chin, 金文璡 Ming dynasty Painted bamboo. --Seymour", -"date": "active ca. 1400 - 1450 ", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MLGreenwoodandCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "M. L. Greenwood and Company", + "comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. Subsidiary of Eagle Iron Works, founded by Miles Greenwood", + "date": "1844-ca. 1898", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinYue", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jin, Yue", -"comment": "Weidner, Marsha, Ellen Johnston Laing, Irving Yucheng Lo, Christina Chu, and James Robinson; Views from Jade Terrace: Chinese Women Artists 1300-1912, Indianapolis: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 1988 (0847810038). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MSeeger", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "M. Seeger", + "comment": "Deutsches Historisches Museum; Kunst! Kommerz! Visionen!: Deutsche Plakate, 1888-1933, Heidelberg: Edition Braus, 1992. Stuttgart", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinZhao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jin, Zhao", -"comment": "Realms of Faith, Kaikodo Journal, vol. 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MWitmarkandSons", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "M. Witmark and Sons", + "comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JinduPeoplesCommuneSpareTimeArtGroup", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jindu People's Commune Spare-Time Art Group", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JingHao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jing, Hao", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j33h26 Alternate names: Ching Hao, 荊浩 Five dynasties (b either Qinshui [nr modern Jiyuan] or nr Henei, both Henan Province, c. ad 855–80; d c. 915–40). Chinese painter. Jing was the foremost of the great monumental monochrome landscape painters of the Five Dynasties period (906–60) in northern China. According to critics he was already recognized as a master among landscape painters at the end of the Tang period (618–907). In Mi Fu’s Hua shi (‘History of painting’; preface 1103) it is recorded that Jing taught Guan Tong and that later his work was studied by Li Cheng and Fan Kuan. Jing was a Confucian scholar, well versed in the Chinese classics. He may have been a minor official under Zhaozong (reg 888–904) at Bianliang (modern Kaifeng), Henan Province, or Chang’an (modern Xi’an), Shaanxi Province. However, from about the age of 35, he led a solitary life at Honggu in the Taihang Mountains, Henan, taking refuge from the fighting prior to the collapse of the Tang dynasty. He apparently supported himself there by farming but continued to paint, adopting the literary name (hao) of Hongguzi. While he appears never to have relinquished the influence of his Confucian background, his interpretations of landscape also reflect a Daoist love of nature. The subject-matter of Jing’s paintings was somewhat limited in range. In his mid-20s, while still a city-dweller, he executed a wall painting of the bodhisattva Guanyin (Skt Avalokiteshvara) on Mt Potalaka for the Shuanglin si, a temple in Bianliang. Later he was known mainly for landscapes, although apparently he also painted compositions of rocks and trees. His writings describe old gnarled pines, mossy cliffs and mysterious caves as ‘familiar companions’. His reflections on natural forms exhibit not only a close observation of nature, but also a reconciliation of Daoist and Confucian principles: ‘Every tree grows according to its natural disposition. The pine trees may grow tortuous, but they do not fall in with the deceitful; they are upright from the very beginning. … They are like diverging thoughts which must be brought into harmony’ (Sirén, 1956–8, p. 236). An early treatise on landscape painting, the Bifa ji (‘Notes on brush method’, c. 925), is attributed to Jing Hao; it reflects the characteristic attitudes of the great landscape painters of the 10th century, setting forth certain general ideas about the study and scope of painting. It deals primarily with the concept of value in painting and the ultimate criterion of good painting as truth, not in terms of outward likeness but of inner reality or spirit, reflecting a background of Confucian morality. The ‘painter of truth’ was a sage-artist who could ‘divine the emblems (hsiang) of objects and thus grasp their essence’ (Wen Fong and Watt, 1996, p. 124). It also offers a modified scheme of the Six Laws established by Xie He (fl c. 500–35) four centuries earlier (see China, §V, 5(i)) and makes comments about, and evaluations of, masters of the Tang and earlier periods. The writing reflects a preference for Tang painters who introduced new techniques, such as Wang Wei. The coarse techniques of the 9th century are considered inferior to the 8th-century fashion of ‘axe and chisel’ texturing in linear, clear and rational patterns. Concern for diversity of stroke and ink tone is expressed in theories regarding the two aspects of ‘brush’ and ‘ink’. These aspects were later treated by Guo Ruoxu and also in the Xuanhe huapu (‘Xuanhe collection of painting’; c. 1120); the latter text explains them: ‘To have brush but no ink [means that] the traces of the brush [as such] remain visible throughout, [resulting in] a want of naturalness. To have ink but no brush means that “axe and chisel” strokes are discarded and replaced by too erratic formations’ (Loehr, p. 89). The group of paintings attributed to Jing Hao are so inconsistent in execution that it is questionable whether they are in fact the work of one individual. However, all share certain general qualities, reflecting a preoccupation with the relationship between brush and ink. In defining form and texturing surfaces Jing’s brushwork is fluid, with variations both in ink tone and in width of brushstroke, as in cursive script (caoshu) calligraphy. He is credited with introducing innovations in the modelling and texturing of rock forms by use of texture strokes (cun). Another early technique visible in works associated with Jing is the use of a series of overlapping forms to build up rocks and mountains, though this is somewhat artificial. The compositions identified with Jing suggest a unity of vision not evident in earlier paintings, though they lack the convincing three-dimensional quality of later Chinese paintings. Travellers in Snow-covered Mountains (hanging scroll, Kansas City, MO, Nelson–Atkins Mus. A.), signed ‘Hongguzi’ in the lower right-hand corner, was reportedly recovered from a tomb in Shaanxi Province in the late 1930s. It is in poor condition, with some areas totally destroyed. Some minor retouching, done when it was being restored and remounted in Beijing, is not consistent with the original composition. Nevertheless, the painting is significant as a source of study on what is otherwise a virtually unknown period of Chinese painting. The monumental Kuanglu Mountains (see fig.), the best extant work attributed to Jing, is not signed but was identified with him as early as the Southern Song period (1127–1279), as indicated in a short inscription by Emperor Gaozong in the upper right-hand corner. While the painting itself is probably later, the composition may be Jing Hao’s, since the style is consistent with what is known of 10th-century landscape. It represents a range of rhythmically patterned, strongly vertical mountain forms gradually disappearing into distant haze. Visual entry into the landscape occurs at the lower left-hand corner; a road wends its way past a group of houses near the base of a waterfall and clustered mountains back to another complex of structures approximately halfway up the left-hand side of the composition. The mountain forms are balanced to the right by a level viewing area defining the rather sharp, pitched angle of the ground plane. There is a strong sense of isolation, since the few structures provide the only sense of human presence. While the painting represents a major development from earlier, more compartmentalized compositions, it lacks the sense of continuity of later 10th-century conceptions. --DOA", -"date": "active late 9th - first half 10th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MEandOHCollins", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "M.E and O.H Collins", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JingQuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jing, Quan", -"comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Chinese architect", -"date": "active 2000-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Jishosai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jishosai", -"comment": "Meiji kaikaki no nishikie (Meiji Japan through woodblock prints), Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1989. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MP", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "M.P.", + "comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. artist of work + 5133", + "date": "active 1936", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JitoEmpressofJapan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jito, Empress of Japan", -"comment": "Singer, Robert T. and John T Carpenter; Edo, art in Japan 1615-1868, Washington: National Galler of Art, 1998. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaDa", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ma, Da", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Beiliu, Guangxi Province; alternate name: 马达", + "date": "1903-1978", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Jodiorg", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jodi.org", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Joan Heemskerk (born 1968 in Kaatsheuvel, the Netherlands) and Dirk Paesmans (born 1965 in Brussels, Belgium)", -"date": "active mid 1990s to present", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaDasheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ma, Dasheng", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist and poet, self taught, born in Beijing; member of the artists group Stars (Xingxing) from 1978-1980; has lived in France since 1986.", + "date": "b. 1952", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JoeYWaiArchitectInc", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Joe Y. Wai Architect, Inc", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Vancouver-based architecture firm", -"date": "active after 1978", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaHezhi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ma, Hezhi", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). m22h27z44 Alternate names: Ma Ho-chih, 馬和之 Song dynasty (fl Qiantang, Lin’an [now Hangzhou], Zhejiang Province, c. second half of 12th century). Chinese painter. A painter of classical themes at the Southern Song (1127–1279) court in Lin’an, modern Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, Ma was known for his distinctive brushwork, marked by variations in hand pressure. However, the details of his life are obscure; sparse and contradictory information appears in different sources. A native of the Hangzhou area, Ma probably came from a humble family and did not interact with prominent men of letters, whose occasional poems and other writings might otherwise have mentioned his name. Zhuang Su records that Ma studied for the national-level civil service examination to gain the title of jinshi and that he rose to become an executive in the Board of Works. A competing tradition, originating with a list of court painters compiled by the connoisseur Zhou Mi (1232–98), places Ma in the Imperial Academy rather than among educated officials working in the esteemed literati painting tradition (see China, §V, 4). The question of whether Ma was primarily a scholar–painter or an Academy painter remains a live issue. Despite the controversy over Ma’s status, connoisseurs have generally agreed that his peculiarly vibrant brushwork characterizes him as a follower of the Tang (ad 618–907) virtuoso painter Wu Daozi, whose use of broken contour lines and variations in brush pressure suggested three-dimensional form and kinaesthetic energy. Since the Buddhist temples in which Wu created his wall paintings were mostly destroyed by Ma’s time, it is likely that Ma learnt the style through the mediation of Wu’s Northern Song (960–1127) followers. Particularly influential to Ma’s artistic development was the 11th-century artist Li Gonglin, who tempered the extroverted Wu Daozi style with the introspection and elegance associated with such Six Dynasties (ad 222–589) painters as Gu Kaizhi and Lu Tanwei (c. 440–c. 500). Li’s revival of archaic subjects and styles also provided important models for Ma and his contemporaries. Connoisseurs traditionally characterized Ma’s brushwork as piaoyi (‘fluttering and untrammelled’) and described his strokes with vivid metaphors, such as ‘orchid leaf’, ‘willow leaf’ or ‘wasp waist’. His variations in brush pressure create a sense of life and movement in landscape forms as well as figures, and his technique of layering an area with multiple strokes of different tonalities and thickness enriches surface texture, as well as suggesting volume and depth. The flaring and ebbing of his brushlines create an impression of calligraphic brilliance while also suggesting strong contrasts of light and shadow on three-dimensional forms. Ma’s style was perhaps too individual to inspire later followers, indeed he had no major ones. The subject for which Ma is best known is his illustration of the Mao version of the Shijing (‘Book of odes’; see fig.) done for Emperor Gaozong (reg 1127–62), probably after his abdication. This consists of a group of handscrolls (New York, Met.; London, BM; Boston, Mus. F.A.; Kyoto, Fujii Yurinkan Mus.; Beijing, Pal. Mus.; Shenyang, Liaoning Prov. Mus.; and Shanghai Mus.) featuring pictures in ink and colours alternating with the texts of the 305 poems transcribed by Gaozong or his surrogates. The surviving illustrations are generally thought not to be the work of a single artist, although most seem to belong to the Southern Song period; it seems likely that Ma’s designs were executed in multiple versions by other Court painters. There are many different compositions, including archaistic scenes with figures on blank ground, figures in full settings and innovative landscapes without figures. Ma’s surviving masterpiece is generally acknowledged to be his illustration, in ink and slight colour on silk, of Su Shi’s Chibi houfu (‘Second ode on the red cliff’; Beijing, Pal. Mus.). In contrast to other early illustrators of the subject, who followed Su’s text section by section, Ma attempted to capture the poetic flavour with a few suggestive images: the poet and his friends in a boat on a broad, moonlit river, a crane flying overhead and a prominent cliff. The flickering brushwork of the rocks and trees and the restless swirls of water masterfully evoke the poet’s emotional state. The illustration is followed by Gaozong’s transcription of the text in draft cursive (zhangcaoshu) calligraphy, with the seals of Gaozong’s retirement palace. Ma’s style is also exemplified by a pair of album leaves, Old Tree by Water and Cranes Crying by a Clear Spring (both Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). In ink monochrome on paper, these display a rich variety of even more sensitive brushwork. Despite their current titles, they illustrate poems from the Shijing and may represent master drafts for the more formal Shijing scrolls. Although the tiny signatures on the two works may be later additions, the reliability of the paintings is attested by the seals of Ma’s biographer Zhuang Su, who was an important collector and connoisseur. --DOA", + "date": "d. ca. 1190", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohansenPete", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Johansen, Pete", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaJian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ma, Jian", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese writer from Qingdao, Shandong, resides in Beijing.", + "date": "born 1953", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnAColbyandSons", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "John A. Colby and Sons", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Chicago and Evanston furniture design firm, factory and auction house; sold in 1913 to the Babson brothers and Adam Crawford, who became president. The factory closed in the 1920s.", -"date": "1869-1913", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaJienya", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ma, Jienya", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Ma Chien-ya", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnGCraceandSon", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "John G. Crace & Son", -"comment": "Victoria and Albert Museum web site. ", -"date": "active mid 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaJun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ma, Jun", + "comment": "Barnhart, Richard M; Painters of the great Ming: the Imperial Court and the Zhe School, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 1993. Ming dynasty", + "date": "15th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnHBuffordsSons", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "John H. Bufford's Sons", -"comment": "Meggs, Philip B. A History of Graphic Design. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992.. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaJunxiang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ma, Junxiang", + "comment": "Clunas, Craig; Art in China, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnSBradstreetandCo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "John S. Bradstreet and Co.", -"comment": "Kaplan, Wendy; 'The Art That is Life': The Arts and Crafts Movement in America, 1875-1920, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1987. Minneapolis, MN", -"date": "late 19th-early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnTVansantManufacturingCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "John T. Vansant Manufacturing Company", -"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. Philadelphia", -"date": "1881-1884", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaKelu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ma, Kelu", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter, part of the No Name group and the Yuyuantan Lake School of Painting (Yuyuantan huapai)", + "date": "born 1954", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnWAyersCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "John W. Ayers Company", -"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. Chicago-based firm", -"date": "1887-1913", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaLin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ma, Lin", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). m22l38 Alternate names: Ma Lin, 馬麟 Song dynasty Ma family: Chinese family of painters. The Ma family was from Hezhong (modern Yongqi) in Shanxi Province. They established an unbroken line of five generations of artists: Ma Fen (b 1080–90); Ma Xingzu (b 1105–15); Ma Gongxian and Ma Shirong (b 1130–40); (1) Ma Yuan (d after 1225); Ma Kui (b 1155–65); and (2) Ma Lin (d after 1256). Based on the 1298 notation in Hua ji buyi (see Zhuang Su, p. 14) and backed by the style of his most famous surviving painting, Yaoshan and Li Ao (Kyoto, Nanzenji), Ma Gongxian may well have been Ma Yuan’s grandson. This continuity appears to have resulted from a decree (1056) of the emperor Renzong (reg 1023–63) to the effect that court painters were forbidden to transfer into the regular system of civil service and the advancement this implied, ‘so that their arts can be handed down and specialized for generations to come’ (see 1980–81 exh. cat., p. xxviii). --DOA", + "date": "mid 13th century, d. after 1246", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnWTuftsCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "John W. Tufts Company", -"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. Boston", -"date": "ca. 1875-1891", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaLiuming", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ma, Liuming", + "comment": "Heartney, Eleanor; Art & Today, New York: Phaidon Press, Inc., 2008. Chinese artist, born in Huangshi, Hubei Province, resides in Beijing; studied at Hubei Academy of Fine Arts, 1991.", + "date": "b. 1969", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonandWallwork", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Johnson and Wallwork", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaQinglian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ma, Qinglian", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Liaoyang, Liaoning Province; joined in Liaoning branch of the Chinese Artists' Association in 1979; alternate name: 马庆廉", + "date": "born 1942", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonCJoseph", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Johnson, C. Joseph", -"comment": "Rieman, Timothy D. and Jean M. Burks; Complete Book of Shaker Furniture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , Publishers, 1993. Shaker furniture maker", -"date": "1781-1852", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaQuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ma, Quan", + "comment": "Weidner, Marsha, Ellen Johnston Laing, Irving Yucheng Lo, Christina Chu, and James Robinson; Views from Jade Terrace: Chinese Women Artists 1300-1912, Indianapolis: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 1988 (0847810038). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonChester", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Johnson, Chester", -"comment": "Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute; Masterpieces of American furniture from the Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, NY: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1999. Albany and New York", -"date": "active 1819-1854", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonEdmund", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Johnson, Edmund", -"comment": "Barter, Judith A.; Apostles of Beauty: Arts and Crafts From Britain to Chicago, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. Irish metalsmith", -"date": "ca. 1840-1900", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaShi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ma, Shi", + "comment": "Kobayashi, Tadashi, Taishu Komatsu and Shugu Asano; Ukiyoe, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonT", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Johnson, T.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonTR", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Johnson, T.R.", -"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999 (0393047237). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaShirong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ma, Shirong", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). m22s43r29 Alternate names: Ma Shih-jung, 馬世榮 Song dynasty Ma family: Chinese family of painters. The Ma family was from Hezhong (modern Yongqi) in Shanxi Province. They established an unbroken line of five generations of artists: Ma Fen (b 1080–90); Ma Xingzu (b 1105–15); Ma Gongxian and Ma Shirong (b 1130–40); (1) Ma Yuan (d after 1225); Ma Kui (b 1155–65); and (2) Ma Lin (d after 1256). Based on the 1298 notation in Hua ji buyi (see Zhuang Su, p. 14) and backed by the style of his most famous surviving painting, Yaoshan and Li Ao (Kyoto, Nanzenji), Ma Gongxian may well have been Ma Yuan’s grandson. This continuity appears to have resulted from a decree (1056) of the emperor Renzong (reg 1023–63) to the effect that court painters were forbidden to transfer into the regular system of civil service and the advancement this implied, ‘so that their arts can be handed down and specialized for generations to come’ (see 1980–81 exh. cat., p. xxviii). --DOA", + "date": "ca. 1131 - 1162", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonThomas", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Johnson, Thomas", -"comment": "Collinson, Patrick, Nigel Ramsay and Margaret Sparks; History of the Canterbury Cathedral, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995. ", -"date": "active mid 17th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaShouzhen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ma, Shouzhen", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). m22s44z42 Alternate names: Ma Shou-chen, Ma Xianglan, 馬守貞 Ming dynasty Courtesan in Nanjing, renowned for her beauty, charm and outstanding talent in painting, which began in childhood. Most famous relationship was her lifelong affair with popular poet and calligrpaher Wang Zhideng. Ma's painting specialty was orchids, particularly in the "double-outline" technique. Her affinity for the flower resulted in taking the name Xianglan ("Xiang River Orchid"). Her painting skill was recognized by her contemporaries and her works were widely collected. --Weidner So many courtesans took up the brush in the late Ming that the period might be regarded as the age of the courtesan in the history of Chinese women painters. Ma Shouzhen shared the stage with such other painting courtesans as Xue Susu ( fl late 16th–mid-17th century), Lin Xue ( fl first half 17th century), Gu Mei (1619–64), Dong Bai (1625–51) and Liu Shi (1618–64). All are known because of their alliances with leading literati. To win upper-class admirers, these women cultivated skills in poetry, calligraphy, painting and music, the same pastimes enjoyed by their clients. With some exceptions, such as Lin Xue, who specialized in landscape, the courtesans generally painted simple floral and plant subjects that could be easily mastered and spontaneously executed for the amusement of a gentleman caller. The orchid, a metaphor for a beauty living in pure seclusion, was a favourite subject. Ma Shouzhen painted orchids in ink, or in ink and light colours, with a delicate touch and calculated refinement.--DOA", + "date": "1548-1604", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonWallworkandJohnson", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Johnson, Wallwork & Johnson", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. American architectural firm based in Oregon.", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaYali", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ma, Yali", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Ma Ya-li", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonBurgeeArchitects", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Johnson/Burgee Architects", -"comment": "Soros, Susan Weber; E.W. Godwin: Aesthetic Movement Architect and Designer, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999. ", -"date": "1968-1991", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaYuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ma, Yuan", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). m22y37 Alternate names: Ma Yüan, 馬遠 Song dynasty (b Qiantang, Lin’an [modern Hangzhou], Zhejiang Province, c. 1155; d after 1225). Together with Xia gui, he is often mentioned in Chinese criticism as epitomizing the highest level of painting at the Southern Song (1127–1279) Academy centred in Lin’an (within the area of modern Hangzhou), Zhejiang Province (see China, §V, 4(i)(c)). There is no clear account of Ma Yuan’s life. He appears to have served as zhihou (usher) and daizhao (painter in attendance) under three emperors: Guangzong (reg 1190–94), Ningzong (reg 1195–1224) and Lizong (reg 1225–64). He was certainly a mature and celebrated painter by 1200. In that year Ningzong’s favourite concubine, surnamed Yang (1162–1232), was elevated to empress and thereafter, as a skilled calligrapher and patron of the arts, often added inscriptions and seals to Ma Yuan’s paintings. For example, the small, unsigned hanging scroll Solitary Fisherman (Tokyo, N. Mus.) bears such a seal with the name of the empress’s palace, Kunning, and a date corresponding to 1211. The handscroll Twelve Scenes of Water (Beijing, Pal. Mus.) bears a seal with a legend referring to the year 1222. This scroll also bears an inscription noting that it was presented to the da liangfu (‘elder two authorities’), a term for the two heads of the military and civilian administration, further confirming that Ma Yuan’s art reached the highest official circles (the ‘elder’ was her nephew, Yang Gu). Empress Yang’s calligraphy or seals occur on a further important group of Ma Yuan paintings, including the two flower studies Apricot and Peach and Banquet by Lantern Light (all Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), as well as on the hanging scrolls depicting 9th- and 10th-century Chan Buddhist patriarchs Yunmen and Fayan (both Kyoto, Tenryūji) and Dongshan (Tokyo, N. Mus.). The date of Banquet by Lantern Light can be placed somewhere between 1207 and 1219, helping to further clarify Ma Yuan’s style in the early 13th century. Ma Yuan was a friend of Zhang Zi (1153–c. 1212), a wealthy aristocrat, official and sometime recluse noted for his elegant gardens and the lavish entertainments held there. In a poem for Ma Yuan, inspired by the painting View beneath Groves, which he had commissioned, he equated Ma’s passion for painting with his own passion for poetry. Ma Yuan’s paintings themselves, either by his hand or attibuted, indicate what motivated his art. His subjects are consistent with courtly taste: paintings described above depict evening entertainment in an elegant villa and is a flowering branch that might have grown in the garden of such a villa. The scholarly aristocrat in nature is found in On a Mountain Path in Spring (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). His relationship with Chan Buddhism is reflected not only in the portraits of Tang-period (ad 618–907) patriarchs, but also in his somewhat enigmatic treatment of ordinary subjects, such as the quiet huddle of birds in Egrets in the Snow (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) and the chilled fuel-gatherer in Through Snowy Mountains at Dawn (late 12th to early 13th century; see fig.). Confucian tradition influenced Ma Yuan’s Two Scholars under a Plum Tree (Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.), as well as two scrolls often attributed to him: Composing Poetry on a Spring Outing (Kansas City, MO, Nelson–Atkins Mus. A.; a recent hypothesis connects this painting with Zhang Zi’s garden) and Four Sages of Mt Shang (Cincinnati, OH, A. Mus.). The world of the immortals is treated in Riding a Dragon (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) or in the representation of the Daoist figure Lü Dongbin (Chongqing, Mun. Mus.), and the three sages of Buddhism, Daoism and Confucianism (Shakyamuni, Laozi and Confucius) were depicted in Three Teachings, a painting no longer extant mentioned by the 13th-century critic Zhou Mi. There are also paintings of more complete landscapes, notably Bare Willows and Distant Mountains (Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.) and the attributed Landscape in Wind and Rain (Tokyo, Seikadō Bunko). A recently discovered album (New York, C. C. Wang priv. col.) may further expand the range of this genre. Ma Yuan’s style is particularly characteristic. Words in Chinese criticism used to define it convey notions of condensed concentration: ‘exact severity’ (yanzheng), charcoal or ‘burnt ink’ (jiaomo) and ‘squeezed brush’ (jiabi). His rocks are described as ‘square and hard’ (fangying), and a sharp jab of the brush in defining surfaces, especially of mountain and rock, is termed ‘axe-stroke’ (fupi). His line might be short, broken and abbreviated; the term ‘nail-head, rat tail’ (dingtou shuwei) is applied to it, meaning a line that begins strongly and then tapers. Modern scholars have noted his use of a vibrant stroke known as ‘tremulous brush’ (zhanbi). A striking feature of Ma Yuan’s compositions is the emphasis on one corner. The earliest traced comment on this is from the critic Rao Ziran (fl c. 1340), who pointed out that most compositions considered to be by Ma Yuan were ‘side-cornered’ (bianjiao), although there were also ‘complete compositions’ (quanjing). It was the former, however, that became most persistently associated with Ma; in the 15th century the term ‘one-corner Ma’ appeared. In the early part of the Ming period (1368–1644) the court painter Guo Shun (1370–1444) attached political meaning to Ma Yuan’s striking brevity: ‘the remains of mountains and rivers mean the partial peace of Song’. Ma Yuan’s style, along with that of Xia Gui, was a corner-stone for the development of the Zhe school in the Ming period. By the early 17th century Dong Qichang had identified Ma Yuan with a category of painting he designated the Northern school, connoting lack of individual spontaneity and scholarly refinement. In modern times this narrow view is greatly questioned, and Ma Yuan is considered one of the giants of Chinese painting. --DOA", + "date": "active ca. 1190 - 1224", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnstonHollisE", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Johnston, Hollis E.", -"comment": "archINFORM.net. Architect. Student at UO ca. 1919-1920. Principal, Hollis E. Johnston, Architect, Portland, OR; Partner, [Arthur Glenn] Stanton and Johnston, Architects, Portland, OR, 1940-1945;", -"date": "d. 1966", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaYuanyu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ma, Yuanyu", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). m22y37y35 Alternate names: Ma Yüan-yü, 馬元 馭 Qing dynasty From Jiangsu. Pupil of Yun Shouping. Painted birds and landscapes. --Seymour", + "date": "1669 - 1722", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnstonJewettN", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Johnston, Jewett N.", -"comment": "Clark, Robert Judson; Arts and Crafts Movement in America, 1876-1916, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972. instructor of journalism, carpentry and architectural drawing in San Luis Obispo", -"date": "active early 1900s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaberrySue", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Maberry, Sue", + "comment": "Broude, Norma and Mary D. Garrar, eds.; Power of Feminist Art: the American Movement of the 1970s, History and Impact, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnstonLawrence", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Johnston, Lawrence", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnstonWilliamL", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Johnston, William L.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Carpenter-architect who taught architectural drawing at the Carpenter's Company of Philadelphia.", -"date": "1811-1849", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MacariusSaintBishopofJerusalem", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Macarius, Saint, Bishop of Jerusalem", + "comment": "New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia; http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/. ", + "date": "r. 312-335", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Johosai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Johosai", -"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MacbethNigel", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Macbeth, Nigel", + "comment": "Carver, Martin; Sutton Hoo: A Seventh-Century Princely Burial Ground and Its Context, London: British Museum Press, 2005. photographer", + "date": "active 1985-1992", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Jokasai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jokasai", -"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MacDonaldB", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "MacDonald, B.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JollyLawrence", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jolly, Lawrence", -"comment": "Girouard, Mark; Elizabethan Architecture: Its Rise and Fall, 1540-1640, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. ", -"date": "active late 16th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JonanEtetsu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jonan, Etetsu", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. A Zen Monk", -"date": "1444-1507", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MacDonaldKennethJr", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "MacDonald, Kenneth, Jr.", + "comment": "Chicago Daily Tribune; International Competition for a New Administration Building for the Chicago Tribune, Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune, 1923. ", + "date": "active ca. 1920", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JonesEdward", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jones, Edward", -"comment": "McGregor, Suzi Moore and Nora Burba Trulsson; Living Homes: Sustainable Architecture and Design, San Francisco: Chronicle Press, 2008. American architect in Phoenix, AZ. ", -"date": "active late 20th early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MacGregorGregory", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "MacGregor, Gregory", + "comment": "Katzman, Louise; Photography in California, 1945-1980, New York: Hudson Hills Press, 1984. ", + "date": "born 1941", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JonesGeorgeH", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jones, George H.", -"comment": "http://communities.aia.org/sites/hdoaa/wiki/Wiki%20Pages/ahd1022587.aspx. Oregon", -"date": "died 1950", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Mach", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mach", + "comment": "Bernard, Bruce; Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography, 1840-1940, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. Wedding photographer in Rochester, NY", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JonesHalsey", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jones, Halsey", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active ca. 1945", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MachidaRyuyo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Machida, Ryuyo", + "comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JonesMark", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jones, Mark", -"comment": "Name used by John Reynolds, architect, Eugene, Oregon. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JonesNoble", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jones, Noble", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Born in London, was a founding Georgia colonist, military officer, plantation owner and politician", -"date": "1702-1775", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MackayS", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mackay, S.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JonesWalter", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jones, Walter", -"comment": "http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-chastleton. wool merchant", -"date": "active early 17th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JongkeesJanHendrik", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jongkees, Jan Hendrik", -"comment": "worldcat. ", -"date": "active 1941-1971", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MackenzieColin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mackenzie, Colin", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Colonel Colin Mackenzie was Surveyor General of India, and an art collector and orientalist. Much of his collection of documents, manuscripts, artifacts, and artworks is now in the British Museum and the Oriental and India Office Collections of the British Library.", + "date": "1753-1821", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JoorHarrietCoulter", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Joor, Harriet Coulter", -"comment": "Tucker, Kevin; Gustav Stickley and the American Arts & Crafts Movement, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 2010. Textile artist in Stickley's Craftsman Workshops", -"date": "1875-1965", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MackenzieMurdo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mackenzie, Murdo", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. gardener", + "date": "active ca. 1925-1971", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Joran", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Joran", -"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaclarenDenham", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Maclaren, Denham", + "comment": "Baker, Malcolm and Brenda Richardson; Grand Design: the Art of the Victoria and Albert Museum, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1997. ", + "date": "1903-1989", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Joso", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Joso", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1855-1910", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MacLeanBonnie", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "MacLean, Bonnie", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American designer of early rock concert posters in San Francisco; born in Philadelphia, became the Fillmore's 'house' artist, studied at the SF Academy of Art and the California College of Arts and Crafts.", + "date": "active late 1960s-early 1970s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JostHeinrich", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jost, Heinrich", -"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", -"date": "b. 1889", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MacNaughtonandRaymond", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "MacNaughton & Raymond", + "comment": "Name used by John Reynolds, architect, Eugene, Oregon. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JoyceRichard", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Joyce, Richard", -"comment": "Smith, Greg and Sarah Hyde; Walter Crane, 1845-1915: Artist, Designer, Socialist, London: Lund Humphries, in association with the Whitworth Art Gallery, University of Manchester. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MADLtd", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "MAD Ltd.", + "comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Architectural firm based in Beijing, China. It is headed by is Yansong Ma", + "date": "active ca. 2000-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JuJie", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ju, Jie", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j36j29 Alternate names: Chü Chieh, 居節 Period uncertain", -"date": "active ca. 1525 - 1583", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MadiganBrian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Madigan, Brian", + "comment": "Jenkins, Ian; Greek Architecture and Its Sculpture, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006. ", + "date": "active 1970s to present", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JuLian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ju, Lian", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j36l34 Alternate names: Chü Lien, 居廉 Qing dynasty Lingnan school: Term used to refer to a style and movement established by a small group of painters in Guangdong Province who studied in Japan in the early 20th century. Lingnan (Chin.: ‘south of the mountains’) is often used less properly for all artists from Guangdong. The main figures of the school were Gao jianfu, his brother Gao Qifeng (1889–1935) and their compatriot Chen Shuren (1883–1949). All three came from Panyu County near Guangzhou [Canton] and learnt the foundations of traditional Chinese painting from the Guangdong master Ju Lian (1828–1904), who specialized in bird-and-flower subjects. Ju Lian painted in the ‘boneless’ (mogu) style practised by the 17th-century master Yun Shouping. However, he also pioneered or perfected new colouring and ink-spreading techniques that were to influence Lingnan school artists, among them ‘splashed water’ (zhuang shui) and ‘sprinkled powder’ (zhuang fen). In the latter, white powder was sprinkled on to the coloured areas, especially flower petals, to produce a bright, somewhat glossy surface. In the former, the ‘boneless’ technique for painting leaves was extended by carefully controlling the flow of dripped water to form the borders. All of Ju Lian’s followers, most notably Chen Shuren, mastered the style of combining such techniques with meticulous attention to naturalistic detail, which imparted a freshness to studies of small birds and insects. This type of painting (e.g. Hong Kong, Chin. U., A.G.) is usually in album leaf or fan painting format; large hanging scrolls were painted only occasionally, as in an impressive undated work by Ju Lian, Rocks, Insects and Flowers (Guangzhou, Guangdong Prov. Mus.). --DOA", -"date": "1828 - 1904", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MadiganMartha", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Madigan, Martha", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "b. 1950", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JuMoushi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ju, Moushi", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j36m42s43 Alternate names: Chü Mou-shih, 居懋時 Ming dynasty", -"date": "active ca. 1600", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaedaMitsugu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Maeda, Mitsugu", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1903-1967", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JuQing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ju, Qing", -"comment": "Weidner, Marsha, Ellen Johnston Laing, Irving Yucheng Lo, Christina Chu, and James Robinson; Views from Jade Terrace: Chinese Women Artists 1300-1912, Indianapolis: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 1988 (0847810038). Qing dynasty Third-generation descendant of a distinguished family of bird-and-flower painters. From Geshan, Guangdong province. Married Yu Dan. Poet, left a collection entitled "The Songs of Grass from a Mild Spring Chamber." Painted in the style of Yun Shoubing; specialized in flowers, birds, and butterflies. --Weidner", -"date": "mid 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaedaNariyasu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Maeda, Nariyasu", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1811-1884", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JuckerCarlJakob", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jucker, Carl Jakob", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaejimaSoyu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Maejima, Soyu", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "fl. 16th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Jugyoku", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jugyoku", -"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MagnussenErik", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Magnussen, Erik", + "comment": "Bouillon, Jean-Paul; Art Deco 1903-1940, Geneva: Editions d'Art Albert Skira S.A., 1989. Danish designer", + "date": "first half 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JuhlinSvenEric", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Juhlin, Sven-Eric", -"comment": "Raizman, David S. History of Modern Design. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2004. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MagoichiNoguchi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Magoichi, Noguchi", + "comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JukiIida", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Juki, Iida", -"comment": "Cave, Philip; Creating Japanese Gardens, Rutland, Vermont: Charles E. Tuttle Company, Inc., 1993. Japanese garden designer", -"date": "third quarter 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JuliusIIPope", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Julius II, Pope", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1503-1513", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Magojiro", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Magojiro", + "comment": "Toda, Teisuke and Ryūsuke Asami; Zenshū jiin to teien : Nanbokuchō, Muromachi no kenchiku chōkoku kōgei, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu. ", + "date": "16th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JumellePhotographique", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jumelle Photographique", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MagriaRamn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Magria, Ramn", + "comment": "Galmiche, Xavier; Havana Districts of Light, Paris: Vilo, 2001. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JumonjiBishin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jumonji, Bishin", -"comment": "Szarkowski, John and Shoji Yamagishi; New Japanese Photography, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1974. ", -"date": "born 1947", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Junayd", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Junayd", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. from Iraq; Mongol painter of miniatures and leading illustrator of the Jalayirid school. His style, using richly dressed figures in formal settings, deeply influenced later developments in Persian painting. Very little is known about Junayd's life. He was a pupil of the painter Shams ad-Din, and from 1382 to 1410 he worked in the service of Sultan Ahmad of the Mongol Jalayirid dynasty of Baghdad. He perpetuated the traditions of the great artists of the late Il Khan period of the Tabriz school, where Shams ad-Din had been trained. The result was a jewellike, multifaceted art that formed some of the basic patterns later adapted by Persian miniature painters. His work includes illustrations for Khwaju Kermani's Khamseh (“Five Poems”), completed in 1396, and margin illustrations for Sultan Ahmad's Divan. --Encyclopedia Britannica", -"date": "fl. 14th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MagyJulesEdouardde", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Magy, Jules Edouard de", + "comment": "Peltre, Christine; Orientalism in Art, First Edition, New York: Abbeville Press, 1998. ", + "date": "1827-1878", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JungnikHedwig", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jungnik, Hedwig", -"comment": "Fiedler, Jeannine and Peter Feierabend; Bauhaus, Cologne: Konemann, 2000. ", -"date": "active ca. 1922", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaherGeorgeWashington", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Maher, George Washington", + "comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. American architect of the Prairie School; worked in the office of Louis Sullivan; conceived the design concept of 'motif rhythm theory' to create unified and harmonious constructed spaces.", + "date": "1864-1926", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Juran", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Juran", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). j36r22 Alternate names: Chü-jan, 巨然 Five dynasties (b Zhongling [modern Jin xian], Jiangxi Province, or Jiangning [modern Nanjing], Jiangsu Province; fl ad 975–93). Chinese painter. Juran and his predecessor Dong yuan practised what was known in the Northern Song period (960–1127) as scholar painting (shidaifu hua) and are widely regarded as founders of the so-called Southern school of scholar–amateur idealist painting. Juran was initially a Buddhist monk in Jiangning, the Southern Tang (ad 937–75) capital. After Tang capitulation to the Northern Song in 975, he moved to the Song capital of Bianliang (Kaifeng) where, living in the Kaiyuan Temple, he produced landscape scrolls and murals and achieved fame as a painter. Between 985 and 993, Su Yijian, scholar at the Hanlin Academy, built two studio-pavilions east and west of the Jade Hall, part of the Hanlin Academy, and commanded Juran to paint their exterior walls. Juran produced Yanlan xiaojing (‘Smokey mountain vapours at dawn’), which became celebrated. Hong Zunyi wrote in his Hanyuan qunshu that Juran’s ‘brush traces [were] wild and untrammelled like Li Cheng, yet he achieved the marvels of his own distinct style’. Before 1059 Liu Daoshun ( fl mid-11th century) ranked Juran in the third class of painters of landscapes and woods, as one ‘excellent at capturing the essential flavour of scenes’. In 1075 Guo Ruoxu ( fl 11th century) wrote, ‘woods and trees are not his forte’, although otherwise his ‘brush and ink are elegant and moist; he excels in misty, vaporous effects [in painting], tall and expansive desolate vistas of mountains and streams’. Shen Gua (1030–94) wrote, ‘Monk Juran followed the methods of Dong Yuan, attaining the utmost in marvellous principles. Both their works are best viewed from afar. Their brushwork is rather cursory, not resembling anything at close range. But from a distance objects and scenes emerge brilliantly, inspiring profound feelings and distant thoughts, as if one were contemplating unknown lands’. Mi Fu (see Mi, (2)), writing c. 1100, gives the most detail about Juran’s paintings and his techniques. He observed that ‘Juran followed Dong Yuan. There are many paintings extant with pure and moist vapours achieving a natural and naive quality in their construction. In his youth Juran used too many alum-heads [on the mountain slopes, but] in old age he attained a lofty flavour in unassertiveness’. On a Juran painting entitled The Ocean Wilderness (untraced), Mi wrote, partly in verse, ‘At the river’s edge by the ocean wilderness the vistas are broad, woods are far, mists dispersed, pale to the ends of the skies; evening tides rise up by the wooded hamlet, stars in array, the night skies over the fishing village are alive’, giving an impression of thematic content and imagery. Mi also noted the similarity between Juran’s works and those of Liu Daoren (‘Daoist Liu’), also a follower of Dong Yuan. The Xuanhe huapu (‘Xuanhe collection of painting’; compiled before 1119), a catalogue of Emperor Huizong’s collection, lists 136 works ascribed to Juran, indicating the high regard in which he was held. These include six sets of six panels, four sets of four panels, eight triptychs and twelve double panels. Panels were hung side by side or mounted as screens to create a broad, and in the case of six-panel series, horizontal panorama. The Xuanhe huapu also describes many of the motifs used in Juran’s works: Besides pinnacled ranges, mountain caverns, between wooded glens in his landscapes, he painted pebbles, pines and cedars, bamboo, rushes and grasses in mutual correspondence. With lonely streams and narrow paths, bamboo fences and thatched huts, broken bridges and precarious plank roads, his paintings exude the flavour of real mountain scenery. Some people say that his substantive style is soft and weak. This is not so. The ancients used to say, ‘[A painting that has] secluded places in which one can live, level areas where one can roam, nature-made places that amaze one, sheer drops and precipitous cliffs that frighten one, is truly a good painting.’ While Juran’s work is fine and fragmented, its spirit is rather like this … his painting of water, with crashing waves and billowing foam, causes people’s hair to stand on end, with the smoke and clouds transforming right before our eyes. The importance of Juran in Chinese painting since the early 12th century cannot be overestimated. Mi Fu extolled Juran and Dong Yuan’s unassertive style of misty southern hills and condemned the work of almost every other artist. In particular, he criticized the vigorous representation of hoary northern mountains with angular, granite crags as vulgar and extravagantly attention-seeking. Mi also initiated, with mixed emotions, a reverence for Li cheng, who used ink sparingly, ‘as if it were gold’. Early writers’ references to Li Cheng’s sparing use of ink and Juran’s adoption of Li Cheng’s style, and to reconstructions of Mi Fu’s own works, suggest that Mi promoted a rather amorphous style of painting, relying on dextrous use of graded ink wash, sometimes extremely pale, deployed over large areas of the painting surface. Subsequent scholar–gentry criticism tended to follow suit and extol the southern Dong–Ju and Li–Guo (Li Cheng and Guo Xi) styles. In the Yuan period (1279–1368) scholar–amateur painters, notably the Four Masters of the Yuan—Huang Gongwang, Ni Zan, Wu Zhen and Wang Meng—followed the Dong–Ju style as perceived through attributed works. An important feature was the ‘hemp-fibre stroke’ ( pima cun) used for texture modelling, moistened with graded ink wash to accentuate light and dark. By the 14th century, a limited vocabulary of tree groupings and mountain forms had become established as the Dong–Ju mode. Many unsigned attributions to Juran in the National Palace Museum, Taipei, feature the ‘hemp-fibre stroke’, as finalized in the Yuan, notably Xiao Yi zhuan ‘Lanting xu’ (‘Xiao Yi steals [Wang Xizhi’s] “Orchid Pavilion Preface”’), a Yuan copy of a late Northern Song composition; Nangqin huaihe (‘Cherished companions: crane and lute’), a 14th-century accretion; Qiushan tu (‘Autumn mountains’), a 15th-century close copy of a Yuan composition; and Qiushan wendao (‘Asking the way in autumn mountains’), a 15th-century accretion. Two earlier attributions from the late 11th to early 12th centuries are Cengyan congshu (‘Layered peaks and clumps of woods’; untraced) and Qishan lanruo (‘Buddhist retreat by stream and mountain’; see fig.), the latter a title given in the Xuanhe huapu as a six-panel panorama. These works feature a less clearly defined ‘hemp-fibre stroke’ and less schematized mountain contours and echo woods and trees, reminiscent of those mentioned by early writers in connection with Juran, and alum-heads as described by Mi Fu. Using moist, pale ink wash in lieu of linear ‘hemp-fibre stroke’ modelling, they represent an earlier stage in the evolution of the Juran tradition. The dramatic contrast in light and shade and disappearance into mist are typical of early Northern Song rendering. --DOA", -"date": "active ca. 960 - 980", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaherPhilipB", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Maher, Philip B.", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. son of American architect George Washington Maher", + "date": "first half 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JutokusaiTachibanaHogyoku", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Jutokusai, Tachibana Hogyoku", -"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Mahmud", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mahmud", + "comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. ", + "date": "1431", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KKFachschuleHaida", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "K. K. Fachschule Haida", -"comment": "Roder, Sabine, Gerhard Storck, and Michael Fehr; Deutsches Museum fur Kunst in Handel und Gewerbe, 1909-1919, Antwerp: Pandora, 1997. Glass manufacturer", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MahmudCelaluddin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mahmud Celaluddin", + "comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. calligrapher Ottoman", + "date": "d. 1829", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KMSeifertandCo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "K. M. Seifert & Co.", -"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999;. 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Calligrapher from Herat", + "date": "ca. 1436", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kangakushinso", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kangakushinso", -"comment": "Zaigai Nihon no shihō (Japanese Art: Selections from Western Collections) v.3, Tokyo: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1979. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MallonClaire", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mallon, Claire", + "comment": "Rennert, Jack; Posters of the Belle Epoque: the Wine Spectator Collection, New York: Wine Spectator Press, 1990. The artist also used the pseudonym Claire Masson. ", + "date": "b. 1887", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KangxiEmperor", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kangxi, Emperor", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art, Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13. Alt. Name: Shengzu r. 1661-1722 Grandfather of Qianlong Emperor, father of Yongsheng Emperor.", -"date": "1661-1722", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MalloryR", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mallory, R.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KanishkaIKushanKing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kanishka I, Kushan King", -"comment": "Errington, Elizabeth and Joe Cribb; Crossroads of Asia: Transformation in Image and Symbol in the Art of Ancient Afghanistan and Pakistan, Cambridge: Ancient India and Iran Trust, 1992. Kanishka era dates are controversial and the source of much contested scholarship to this day", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KanneIHerman", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kanne, I. Herman", -"comment": "UO VRC Mounted Photographs Collection. ", -"date": "active ca. 1930", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MalloryTillisInc", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mallory-Tillis, Inc.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KanoIkkei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kano, Ikkei", -"comment": "Onishi, Hiroshi, Takemitsu Oba and Sondra Castile; Immortals and Sages: Paintings from Ryoanji Temple, Reprint, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1993. 3rd generation of the Kano School", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KanoJinnojo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kano, Jinnojo", -"comment": "Tsuji, Nobuo, Motoaki Kono, Yoshiaki Yabe; Eitoku to Shobyoga, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", -"date": "1614", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MallyRM", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mally, R.M.", + "comment": "Daniel, Noel; Magic: 1400s-1950s, Cologne: Taschen, 2009. Cover illustrator for 'Weird Tales' magazine.", + "date": "active 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KanoNaganobu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kano, Naganobu", -"comment": "Hickman, Money L. et al.; Japan's Golden Age: Momoyama, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaloneyJohn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Maloney, John", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KanoNaizen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kano, Naizen", -"comment": "Hickman, Money L. et al.; Japan's Golden Age: Momoyama, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaloofSam", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Maloof, Sam", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Slide info and Sam Maloof Foundation page: http://www.malooffoundation.org/cvitae.cfm", + "date": "1916-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KanoSeisenin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kano, Seisen'in", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1796 -1846", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MalyginFI", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Malygin, F. I.", + "comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. toy maker", + "date": "1905-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KanoShuboku", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kano, Shuboku", -"comment": "Morse, Anne Nishimura; Drama and Desire: Japanese Paintings from the Floating World, 1690-1850, Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 2007. ", -"date": "unknown", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ManPhoebe", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Man, Phoebe", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist; alternate name: Man Ching-Ying. Born in Hong Kong, studied at Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991.", + "date": "born 1969", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KanoTakanobu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kano, Takanobu", -"comment": "Onishi, Hiroshi, Takemitsu Oba and Sondra Castile; Immortals and Sages: Paintings from Ryoanji Temple, Reprint, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1993. son of Kano Eitoku", -"date": "1571-1618", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ManciniA", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mancini, A.", + "comment": "Brandenburg, Hugo; Ancient Churches of Rome From the Fourth to the Seventh Century, English edition, Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2005. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KanseihachitatsushotoUnchoga", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kansei hachi tatsu shoto Uncho ga", -"comment": "Murase, Miyeko; Bridge of Dreams: The Mary Griggs Burke Collection of Japanese Art, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kantei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kantei", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Kantei is thought to have been a priest attached to the Tōshōdai-ji temple in Nara and possibly to have been a disciple of the famous monochrome landscape artist Shūbun.", -"date": "late Muromachi period", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Mangguli", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mangguli", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Chinese portrait painter active during the Qing", + "date": "1672-1736", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KaoruIzima", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kaoru, Izima", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Born in Kyoto in 1954. Lives and works in Tokyo.", -"date": "born 1954", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ManginandMcComb", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mangin and McComb", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. partnership of Joseph Francois Mangin and John McComb, Jr. produced the winning entry in the design competition for New York's city hall", + "date": "ca. 1800", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KaplanFred", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kaplan, Fred", -"comment": "Blatt, Burton and Fred Kaplan; Christmas in Purgatory: A Photographic Essay on Mental Retardation, Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1966. freelance photographer", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ManleyJohn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Manley, John", + "comment": "Architecture of Philip Johnson, Boston : Bulfinch Press, 2002. ", + "date": "late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KarakashevVilenSurenovich", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Karakashev, Vilen Surenovich", -"comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. ", -"date": "active 1971", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MannerheimSparreEva", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mannerheim-Sparre, Eva", + "comment": "Blakesley, Rosalind; Arts and Crafts Movement, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2006. studied woodcarving and leatherwork at the Stockholm Technical School; taught at Helsinki's Central School of Applied Arts; specialty: bookbinding", + "date": "1870-1957", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KareSusan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kare, Susan", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. may or may not be Susan D. Kare LC n 87138860", -"date": "born 1954", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Manory", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Manory", + "comment": "Bremer-David, Charissa; French Tapestries and Textiles in the J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 1997. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KarlssonKarl", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Karlsson, Karl", -"comment": "Wildman, Stephen and John Christian; Edward Burne-Jones: Victorian Artist-Dreamer, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, distributed by Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1998. ", -"date": "active 1903-1905", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KarpovStepan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Karpov, Stepan", -"comment": "Groys, Boris and Max Hollein; Dream factory communism : the visual culture of the Stalin era, Frankfurt: Schirn Kunsthalle Frankfurt, 2003. One of the organizers of the Union of Fine Artists and Painters", -"date": "1890-1929", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MansiNicola", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mansi, Nicola", + "comment": "Chatfield, Judith; Classic Italian Garden, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1991. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KarpovaAG", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Karpova, A. G.", -"comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", -"date": "1911-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Manual", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Manual", + "comment": "Name derived from a webstie. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KarpovaAI", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Karpova, A. I.", -"comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", -"date": "1910-1983", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KarpovaEI", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Karpova, E. I.", -"comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", -"date": "1912-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ManuelOcañaArchitectureandThoughtProductionOffice", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Manuel Ocaña Architecture and Thought Production Office", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "ca. 2000-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KasamatsuShirō", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kasamatsu, Shirō", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1898 - 1991", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ManufactureFrancaisedArmesstCyclesdeSaintEtienne", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Manufacture Francaise d'Armes st Cycles de Saint-Etienne", + "comment": "Varnedoe, Kirk and Adam Gopnick; High and Low: Modern Art and Popular Culture, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1990. 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", -"date": "fl. 1716-1744", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MarshallJamesJoseph", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Marshall, James Joseph", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from original printed materials donated by Tom Cherrytree, Eugene, Oregon.. American photographer of rock stars during the 1960s and 1970s, also chief photographer at Woodstock", + "date": "1936-2010", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KawamotoRyoichi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kawamoto, Ryoichi", -"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MarshallM", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Marshall, M.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KawamuraIzo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kawamura, Izo", -"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KawanobeItcho", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kawanobe, Itcho", -"comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", -"date": "1830-1910", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MarshallMarkVillars", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Marshall, Mark Villars", + "comment": "Wildman, Stephen and John Christian; Edward Burne-Jones: Victorian Artist-Dreamer, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, distributed by Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1998. ", + "date": "active 1874-1912", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KeJiusi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ke, Jiusi", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). k27j35s55 Alternate names: K'o Chiu-ssu, 柯九思 Yuan dynasty (b Tiantai, Zhejiang Province, 1290; d Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 1343). Chinese calligrapher, painter, connoisseur and collector. He was appointed connoisseur to the imperial art collection housed at the newly constructed Kuizhang Pavilion in Beijing in 1330, by the Yuan emperor Wenzong (reg 1330–32). He was given the title of Master Connoisseur of Calligraphy, and was responsible for the verification of all the painting and calligraphy that entered the collection. After the death of Wenzong in 1332, Ke retired to Suzhou, where he spent the rest of his life. Ke owned a large collection of painting and calligraphy and was often asked to authenticate works and write inscriptions. His calligraphy appears on paintings such as Lowland with Trees (handscroll, ink on paper, n.d.; New York, John M. Crawford jr priv. col.) attributed to Guo Xi, Early Autumn (handscroll, ink and colour on paper, 267×1020 mm, n.d.; Detroit, MI, Inst. A.) by Qian Xuan and one of the three genuine Tang copies of Wang Xizhi’s Orchid Pavilion Preface (Lanting xu; ad 353; see China, §IV, 2(ii)). He knew Yu Ji (1272–1348) and Zhao Mengfu personally; their inscriptions often appear next to his. Ke inscribed many of Zhao’s paintings, among them his Bamboo, Rocks and Lonely Orchids (handscroll, ink on paper, 505×1442 mm, n.d.; Cleveland, OH, Mus. A). The painting Duck by a Riverbank (hanging scroll, ink and colours on paper, 4.75×3.57 m, 1301; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) by Chen Lin ( fl c. 1300) is accompanied by comments written by Ke, Zhao and Qiu Yuan. Although Ke painted landscapes and ink flowers, he is best known for bamboo, which he modelled after the Song bamboo painter, Wen tong (see China, §V, 3(vi)). In this subject, too, he sometimes joined with a friend to paint: he collaborated with Ni Zan, for instance, on a painting of ink bamboo at the Beijing Palace Museum. Ke was best known as a calligrapher. He studied the Tang calligrapher Ouyang xun and his son Ouyang Tong (d ad 691), specializing, as they did, in regular (kaishu) and running (xingshu) scripts. Ke’s Palace Poems (n.d.; Princeton U., NJ, A. Mus.) shows the influence of his models, who emphasized the careful articulation of each movement of the brush. Ke appropriated and exaggerated certain mannerisms, such as the leftward curl of the brush on entrance to vertical strokes, and simplified others, as in the corner strokes, in which he tended to remove the shoulder produced by the brush as it turns and rests before coming down at a right angle. He delighted in contrasting thick strokes to others as fine as tendrils, so that the page seems to breathe in a waxing and waning movement. In the inscription to Guo Xi’s Lowland with Trees the calligraphy is less fanciful and more business-like. The same balance of characters and accuracy of technique are retained, but less attention is given to contrast of line, making the flow of characters smooth and purposeful. --DOA", -"date": "1290 - 1343", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MarshallSirJohnHubert", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Marshall, Sir John Hubert", + "comment": "Kunst- und Ausstelleungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland; Gandhara: Das Buddhistische Erbe Pakistans Legenden, Klöster und Paradiese, Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 2008. Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India from 1902 to 1928; director of the archaeological museum at Taxila, Pakistan for twenty years.", + "date": "1876-1958", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KeaneTina", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Keane, Tina", -"comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", -"date": "active ca. 1974", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MartinAR", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Martin, A. R.", + "comment": "Martin, A. R.; Franciscan Architecture in England, Manchester: University Press, 1937. author", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KearneyFrances", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kearney, Frances", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Born 1970, Norfolk UK. 1996-8 Masters in Fine Art Photography. Royal College of Art.", -"date": "born 1970", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MartinAaron", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Martin, Aaron", + "comment": "Gastman, Roger, Zio Fulcher and Jamie Rivadeneira; Hello Kitty, Hello Art!, New York: Abrams, 2012. Creator of art concept "Angry Woebots" Active 2002-present", + "date": "Born 1977", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KearnsTerry", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kearns, Terry", -"comment": "Brooks, Chris; Gothic Revival, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 1999. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MartinAnthonyDirk", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Martin, Anthony Dirk", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KearsleyJohn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kearsley, John", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. gentleman amateur -architect who settled in Philadelphia in 1717.", -"date": "first half of the 18th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KeelerCharlesA", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Keeler, Charles A.", -"comment": "Smith, Bruce and Yoshiko Yamamoto. The Beautiful Necessity : Decorating with Arts & Crafts. Salt Lake City : Gibbs Smith, 1996. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MartinBerryandGlassbrook", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Martin, Berry and Glassbrook", + "comment": "Fairclough, Oliver and Emmeline Leary; Textiles by William Morris and Morris & Co., 1861-1940, London, Westfield, NJ: Thames and Hudson, Eastview Editions, 1981. ", + "date": "active 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KeijiGoto", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Keiji, Goto", -"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MartinJohn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Martin, John", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KeinholzEdward", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Keinholz, Edward", -"comment": "Fineberg, Jonathan. Art since 1940 : strategies of being. New York : Prentice Hall : H.N. Abrams, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KeisaiEisen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Keisai, Eisen", -"comment": "Kobayashi, Tadashi, Taishu Komatsu and Shugu Asano; Ukiyoe, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", -"date": "1790-1848", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MartinezCervantes", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Martinez, Cervantes", + "comment": "George, Michael and Consuelo M. Correcher; Gardens of Spain, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1993. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KélerKarlvon", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kéler, Karl von", -"comment": "Der Architekt, vol. 5. ", -"date": "active late 19th century-early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MartinezDaniel", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Martinez, Daniel", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KellBrothersLithographers", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kell Brothers, Lithographers", -"comment": "Leboff, David and Tim Demuth; No Need to Ask! Early Maps of London's Underground Railways, Middlesex: Capital Transport Publishing, 1999. Printing and publishing firm on Castle Street, Holborn, London, producer of railway maps", -"date": "active second half of 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MartinyG", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Martiny, G", + "comment": "Ekschmitt, Werner; Sieben Weltwinder: Ihre Erbauung, Zerstorung und Wiederentdeckung, Mainz an Rhein: Philipp von Zabern, 1984. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KellerAr", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Keller, Ar", -"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KellyWilliam", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kelly, William", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "mid-19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MartonDrJanos", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Marton, Dr. Janos", + "comment": "Heartney, Eleanor; Art & Today, New York: Phaidon Press, Inc., 2008. founder of 'The Living Museum'", + "date": "active after 1980", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KelpraStudioLimited", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kelpra Studio Limited", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. London", -"date": "1958-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MarumDeborah", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Marum, Deborah", + "comment": "Venturi & Rauch; 'Signs of Life: Symbols in the American City' , Aperture, no. 77. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KendallDavidWolcott", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kendall, David Wolcott", -"comment": "Kaplan, Wendy; 'The Art That is Life': The Arts and Crafts Movement in America, 1875-1920, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1987. Designer and draftsman for Phoenix Furniture Company (Grand Rapid, MI) from 1979-1910.", -"date": "1851-1910", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaruyamaOshin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Maruyama, Oshin", + "comment": "Zaigai Nihon no shihō (Japanese Art: Selections from Western Collections) v.6, Tokyo: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1980. ", + "date": "1790-1838", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KendallHeatonAssociates", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kendall/Heaton Associates", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "est. 1978", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Masahiro", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Masahiro", + "comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KendrickGeorgePrentiss", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kendrick, George Prentiss", -"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. ", -"date": "1850-1919", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KennedyAssociatesArchitects", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kennedy Associates Architects", -"comment": "Roth, Manuela; Ecological Living, Kempen: teNeus Verlag, 2009. Australian architecture firm", -"date": "active ca. 1995-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MasamichiKuru", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Masamichi, Kuru", + "comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KennedyDonald", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kennedy, Donald", -"comment": "Carlson, Peter and William Wilson; Manstyle: The GQ Guide to Fashion, Fitness, and Grooming, New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc., Publishers, 1977. Fashion photographer", -"date": "active ca. 1980", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KeppleFred", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kepple, Fred", -"comment": "Name used by John Reynolds, architect, Eugene, Oregon. ", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Masanao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Masanao", + "comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KernochanMarshallR", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kernochan, Marshall R.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KesslerEve", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kessler, Eve", -"comment": "Cohen, Joyce Tenneson; In/Sights: Self Portraits by Women, Boston: David R. Godine Publisher, 1978. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Masano", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Masano", + "comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", + "date": "18th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KeswickSchoolofIndustrialArt", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Keswick School of Industrial Art", -"comment": "Calloway, Stephen; House of Liberty: Masters of Style and Decoration, London: Thames and Hudson, 1992. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Masao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Masao", + "comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KetterhowenF", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ketterhowen, F.", -"comment": "Perret, Louis and Léon Renier; Catacombes de Rome: Architecture, peintures murales, lampes, vases, pierres précieuses gravées, instruments, objets divers, fragments de vases en verre doré, inscriptions, figures et symboles gravés sur pierre, Vol. 3, Paris: Gide et J. Baudry, 1851. Parisian lithographer", -"date": "active mid 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KeyLievende", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Key, Lieven de", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Famous architect in the Netherlands who became city architect of Haarlem in 1592.", -"date": "1560-1627", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Masatsugu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Masatsugu", + "comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KeyserBill", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Keyser, Bill", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Slide info", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KhalipIakovNikolaevich", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Khalip, Iakov Nikolaevich", -"comment": "Vartanov, Anri Surenovich, et al.; Antologiia sovetskoĭ fotografii, t. 1, Moskva: Izd-vo "Planeta", 1986. ", -"date": "1908-1980", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MasoeroFilippo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Masoero, Filippo", + "comment": "Lista, Giovanni; Futurism & Photography, London: Merrell Publishers Limited, 2001. ", + "date": "1894-1969", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KhandanSultanMuhammad", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Khandan, Sultan-Muhammad", -"comment": "Simpson, Marianna Shreve; Sultan Ibrahim Mirza's Haft Awrang: A Princely Manuscript from Sixteenth-Century Iran, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997. calligrapher", -"date": "active early 16th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MasonEllen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mason, Ellen", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Slide info", + "date": "active 1985-1986", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KhayyamMuhammad", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Khayyam, Muhammad", -"comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. ", -"date": "ca. 1425-1450", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MasterofForeshortening", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Master of Foreshortening", + "comment": "Charbonneaux, Jean, Roland Martin and Francoiş Villard; Hellenistic Art (330-50 B.C.), New York: George Braziller, 1973. painter", + "date": "active 1st century CE", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KhwajuKirmani", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Khwaju Kirmani", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. poet", -"date": "1290-1352", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MasteroftheApocryphaDrawings", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Master of the Apocrypha Drawings", + "comment": "Pierpont Morgan Library Catalog (CORSAIR). ", + "date": "active 1160-1180", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kieishi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kiei-shi", -"comment": "Mizuno, Keizaburō, Hideo Okada, and Kazuharu Asai; Tōdaiji to Heijōkyō : Nara no kenchiku, chōkoku, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1990 (4061964046). ", -"date": "ca. 752", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MasteroftheChicagoSettee", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Master of the Chicago Settee", + "comment": "MacDonald, George F.; Haida Art, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1996. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kikukei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kikukei", -"comment": "Toda, Teisuke and Toshio Ebine; Suibokuga to Chusei Emaki, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992 . ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KilbornWhitneyandCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kilborn Whitney & Company", -"comment": "Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute; Masterpieces of American furniture from the Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, NY: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1999. ", -"date": "active 1876-1896", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MasteroftheHolyKinship", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Master of the Holy Kinship", + "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. fl. Cologne", + "date": "active ca. 1475 - ca. 1510", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KilbyTim", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kilby, Tim", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. photographer", -"date": "1947-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MasteroftheTarocchi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Master of the Tarocchi", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Italian engraver, born in Ferrara", + "date": "ca. 1465", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KilianBrothers", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kilian Brothers", -"comment": "Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute; Masterpieces of American furniture from the Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, NY: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1999. ", -"date": "1856-ca. 1920", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MasteroftheVeniceSketchbook", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Master of the Venice Sketchbook", + "comment": "Joannides, Paul; Raphael and His Age: Drawings from the Palais des Beaux-Arts, Lille, Cleveland; Paris: Cleveland Museum of Art; Editions de la Reunion de musees nationaux, 2002. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KilpinLtd", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kilpin Ltd.", -"comment": "Benton, Charlotte, Tim Benton and Ghislaine Wood; Art Deco 1910-1939, Boston: Bulfinch Press, 2003. ", -"date": "active ca. 1925", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KimDuksin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kim, Duksin", -"comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Korean painter in the Chosen period.", -"date": "1754-1822", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MastersofAnalyticalArtSchoolofFilonov", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Masters of Analytical Art, School of Filonov", + "comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. Centered in Leningrad (St. Petersburg)", + "date": "1920s-1930s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KimDuryang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kim, Du-ryang", -"comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Kim Du-ryang (1696–1763) was a painter of the mid Joseon period. He was born as son of Kim Hyogyeong, a Hwawon (royal court painter). Kim Duryang also followed his father's career as entered royal service as a member of the Dohwaseo, the official painters of the Joseon court. He was good at almost all over genre in paintings such as muninhwa (painting in the literal artistic style, sansuhwa (landscape painting), yeongmohwa (animal-and-bird painting), inmuhwa (portrait painting).", -"date": "1696–1763", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MasudIIIibnIbrahimSultan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mas'ud III ibn Ibrahim, Sultan", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1099-1115", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KimHyonSong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kim, Hyon-Song", -"comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. (b Kimhae, South Kyongsang Province, 1542; d 1621). Korean calligrapher and scholar–official. He passed the civil service examination in 1564 and later served as a court official in charge of writing official documents. He was well known for his Neo-Confucian scholarship and for his poetry. Although he was esteemed as a calligrapher, his achievements are said to have been overshadowed during his lifetime by those of his more famous contemporary, Han Ho. Kim was commissioned to write many important stelae, including the Memorial Stele for the Victory of General Yi Sun-sin in Yosu, South Cholla Province. He has often been compared to such famous calligraphers as Kim Saeng of the Unified Silla period or Yi Yong of the early Choson period. He worked mainly in the style of Zhao Mengfu, which had been the dominant trend since its introduction to Korea from China during the late Koryo period (918–1392) but which was eschewed by his contemporaries, who sought instead to emulate Wang Xizhi (see KOREA, §V, 4 and 5 , for a fuller discussion of the contending influences of these two Chinese masters). Kim Hyon-song’s insistence on the Zhao Mengfu style suggests his conservatism and orthodoxy. The Poem for Yun Ch’om-ch’u (1604; see Im Ch’ang-sun, pl. 80) is written in running-cursive script and displays the freedom and elegance of his mature style. This work suggests that although he followed the style of Zhao Mengfu he was confident enough to depart from it: some of the characters in this poem show a greater degree of modulation and a greater variety in the thickness of the strokes. ", -"date": "1542-1621", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MatahachiroYoshihisa", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Matahachiro, Yoshihisa", + "comment": " Metropolitan Museum of Art; Asia, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1989. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KimJe", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kim, Je", -"comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Famous Korean painter in the Chosen period.", -"date": "1524-1593", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KimJeonghui", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kim, Jeong-hui", -"comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Kim Jeong-hui (1786-1856) was a prominent Korean civil minister, Silhak scholar, and calligrapher. He invented his own style of calligraphy called, "chusache", based on ancient Korean monumental inscriptions.", -"date": "1786-1856", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MatamalaiPiolLloren", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Matamala i Piol, Lloren", + "comment": "Bassegoda i Nonell, Juan; Gaudí: the Entire Works, Sant Lluís, Menorca: Triangle Postals, 2007. 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", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KondoKiyoharu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kondo, Kiyoharu", -"comment": "Newland, Amy Reigle; Hotei Encyclopedia of Japanese Woodblock Prints, Amsterdam: Hotei Publishing, 2005. ", -"date": "1704-1736", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MeissenPorcelainFactory", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Meissen Porcelain Factory", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. founded by Augustus II the Strong of Saxony (1694-1733)", + "date": "1710-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KonoMichisei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kono, Michisei", -"comment": "Takashina, Shuji, Tetsuro Kagesato and Hideo Tanaka; Yōga to Nihonga, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. ", -"date": "1895-1950", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MelenderLM", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Melender, L.M.", + "comment": "Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. New York: Abbeville Press, 1997.. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KoopmanCaia", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Koopman, Caia", -"comment": "Gastman, Roger, Zio Fulcher and Jamie Rivadeneira; Hello Kitty, Hello Art!, New York: Abrams, 2012. 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OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. American photographer", + "date": "b. 1935", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KorniushinVictor", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Korniushin, Victor", -"comment": "Kelly, Rosanna; Russia, London: Flint River, 1994. photographer", -"date": "active 1996", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MeltzerDavid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Meltzer, David", + "comment": "Sullivan, Michael; Arts of China, Fourth Edition, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. illustrator for the National Geographic Society", + "date": "ca. 1975", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KorqInc", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Korq Inc.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 155 E 56th St., 3rd Fl., New York, NY, United States", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MendeErich", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mende, Erich", + "comment": "Fiedler, Jeannine and Peter Feierabend; Bauhaus, Cologne: Konemann, 2000. ", + "date": "active ca. 1925", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KorteknieStuhlmacherArchitecten", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Korteknie Stuhlmacher Architecten", -"comment": "Stang, Alanna and Christopher Hawthorne; Green House: New Directions in Sustainable Architecture, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2005. Netherlandish architectural firm", -"date": "active 2001-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Mendel", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mendel", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KoshikajitsuBoShinensha", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Koshi kajitsu Bo Shin'en sha", -"comment": "Murase, Miyeko; Bridge of Dreams: The Mary Griggs Burke Collection of Japanese Art, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Koshun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Koshun", -"comment": "Toda, Teisuke and Ryūsuke Asami; Zenshū jiin to teien : Nanbokuchō, Muromachi no kenchiku chōkoku kōgei, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu , Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. 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Chinese artist, born in Beijing; graduated from Henan University, Zhengzhou Province; lives and works in Beijing.", + "date": "b. 1966", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KosolapovAlexander", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kosolapov, Alexander", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Russian sculptor and painter, active in the United States since 1975", -"date": "b. 1943", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MengLuding", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Meng, Luding", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KossDenshinaEI", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Koss-Denshina, E. 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In 2008, he also taught at Hong Kong University.", + "date": "active after 1995", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KostrovPI", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kostrov, P. I.", -"comment": "Belenitski, A. M. and B. I. Marshak; L'art de Piandjikent a la lumiere des dernieres fouilles, Arts Asiatique, vol. 23. ", -"date": "active ca. 1970", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MengboFeng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mengbo, Feng", + "comment": "China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. 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", + "date": "3200-2700 BCE", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KrischenF", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Krischen, F.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. author of works on Priene. info from Worldcat", -"date": "active 1930s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MeunierGeorges", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Meunier, Georges", + "comment": "Rennert, Jack; Posters of the Belle Epoque: the Wine Spectator Collection, New York: Wine Spectator Press, 1990. Georges Meunier (1869-1942), a native of Paris, was educated both in the classical tradition and in the new decorative arts. He started as a painter, good enough to have works accepted for the exhibition by the Société des Artistes Français as well as the Salon des Humoristes. In poster work, in which he became active at the age of 25, he was greatly influenced by Jules Chéret; in fact, much of his work was lithographed at the Chaix shop where Chéret also did his posters. A majority of Georges Meunier's poster output dates from the Golden Years, 1894-98; later, he became more active as a book illustrator. ", + "date": "1869-1942", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KroehlerManufacturingCo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kroehler Manufacturing Co.", -"comment": "Hanks, David A. and Jennifer Toher; Donald Deskey: Decorative Designs and Interiors, New York: E.P. Dutton, 1987. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MewesandDavis", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mewes and Davis", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MeyerJosephFortune", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Meyer, Joseph Fortune", + "comment": "Green, Nancy E. and Jessie Poesch; Arthur Wesley Dow and American Arts and Crafts, New York: American Federation of Arts; Harry N. Abrams, 1999. born Alsace-Lorraine; ceramic artist associated with the Newcomb Pottery atelier in New Orleans", + "date": "1848-1931", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KrumbeinJustusF", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Krumbein, Justus F.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Hamburg, Germany; emigrated to the United States in 1869; worked in Portland, Oregon", -"date": "1847-1907", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MezrinaAA", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mezrina, A. A.", + "comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", + "date": "1853-1938", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KrummTheodor", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Krumm, Theodor", -"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. Ravensburg", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiFu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mi, Fu", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). m32f32 Alternate names: Mi Fu (Mi Fei), 米芾 Song dynasty (1) Mi Fu [Mi Fei; zi Yuanzhang, hao Nangong, Lumen Jushi, Xiangyang Manshi, Haiyue Waishi] (b Xiangyang, Hubei Province, 1051; d Huaiyang, Jiangsu Province, 1107). He was an influential calligrapher whose critical assessments and connoisseurship contributed to Chinese aesthetic scholarship. None of his paintings survive, but authenticated copies display an independence of vision greatly admired and frequently imitated. A dedicated antiquarian, he exemplified the Chinese ideal of integrating scholarship, aesthetics and official life. Mi came from a family of cultured, landowning aristocrats and grew up familiar with court life. He began his collection of old calligraphy and paintings as a youth and throughout his life sought to upgrade its quality. He was also an individualist and the subject of numerous anecdotes: his reputation for cleanliness was proverbial. He immersed himself in the study of the past and even wore clothes from the Tang period (ad 618–907). He apparently never took official examinations but nonetheless received numerous governmental appointments, perhaps because of his mother’s former position as wetnurse to the empress Yongsong (reg c. second third of the 11th century). He took advantage of posts throughout the country to study landscape and art collections. When the emperor Huizong (reg 1101–25) founded a college of painting and calligraphy in 1104, Mi was appointed its head (see China, §V, 4(i)(c)). Mi Fu made an extremely thorough study of ancient paintings and calligraphy, and his publications on these subjects are among the most important in the history of Chinese art theory. The Baozheng daifeng lu (‘Records of searches for precious scrolls’; preface dated 1086) presents astute, though fairly conventional, analyses and assessments of early works and reflects his own poetic ability. The practical advice it gives about the care of scrolls is still commonly accepted. In his Hua shi (‘History of painting’) his commentaries about contemporary works are merciless. He presented no fixed rules or classification for the appreciation of painting but based his judgements on his personal aesthetic response to individual works. He felt that the most important quality in a work of art was its naturalness (Chin. tianzhen): not the realism of the image, but rather an artlessness and innocence of content and execution. In keeping with literati theory, his assessments were not confined to form and style but were also concerned with the moral quality of the artist reflected in the work of art (see China, §V, 4(ii)). He considered landscapes to be the only subject really worthy of classification as a creative art: landscapes ‘possess inexhaustible delights, particularly when they have haze, clouds and mist effects; they are beautiful’ (Sirén, p. 34). This description fits his own compositional format. By the time he was 30 Mi had won recognition both as a critic and as a calligrapher. Indeed, he is listed as a calligrapher rather than a painter in the Xuanhe huapu (preface dated 1120), the catalogue of the imperial collection. He is generally classified as one of the Four Great Calligraphers of the Northern Song (960–1127), along with his good friend and mentor, Su Shi, Su’s disciple Huang Tingjian and Cai Xiang (see China, §IV, 2(iv)). Mi was proficient in numerous scripts, and many signed examples of his calligraphy still exist. These are much more easily authenticated than his paintings, for he usually signed his calligraphy. Su Shi advised him to study the calligraphy of the Eastern Jin (ad 317–420) masters, such as Wang Xizhi (see Wang (i), (1) ) in order to attain their ‘classical elevation’, and he also studied the Tang masters, including Yan zhenqing, Liu Gongquan (ad 778–865), Ouyang xun and Chu suiliang. His early work was criticized as imitative, but he quickly developed his own cursive interpretations, combining structural discipline with an unprecedented level of technical proficiency in brushwork. His large seal script (da zhuanshu) is directly derived from bronze inscriptions but nonetheless emphasizes brushwork over structure. Of the Four Great Calligraphers he was the only one to write in clerical script (lishu); he executed it using his customary running stroke technique, however, with the result that it is not considered equal to his other scripts. He had a distinctive manner of executing the grass radical element of a character with alternating horizontal and vertical strokes. Mi’s running script (xingshu), his best-known style, had a plump brushwork that has been described as making ‘one think of a striking tubby figure walking along a road’ (1961 exh. cat., p. 82; see China, fig. 94). The dashing quality of Mi’s other scripts led Su Shi to comment ‘like sailing in the wind and riding a horse into battle, his writing is exhilarating’. Huang Tingjian made a similar comparison, ‘like a sharp knife in battle, or an arrow in flight, what it touches must be pierced’; and Mi Fu himself described his approach thus, ‘other people write with one side [of the brush], I write with four sides’ (all 1971 exh. cat., p. 22). In so saying he explained that he used the brush as a painter rather than a calligrapher, exploiting every possibility of the flexibility of the line as well as the subtle nuances of ink tones. Mi’s calligraphy was greatly admired in the Ming period (1368–1644) and was copied by such artists as Wen Zhengming (see Wen, (1)), Zhu yunming and Dong qichang. Records indicate that Mi Fu did not begin to paint until the last years of his life. He has been said to have painted portraits and figures in the tradition of Li Gonglin, but it was primarily as a landscape painter that he was known and was most influential (see China, §V, 3(iv)(a)). His output was modest, and by the Southern Song period (1127–1279) examples were already extremely rare. He was nonetheless considered one of the most important representatives of the Southern school of landscape painting and credited with being one of the first of the literati to paint landscapes. He introduced new ideas into literati painting (shidaifu hua or wenren hua), emphasizing the character of the artist as revealed in the painting rather than the subject or composition. He developed a distinctive painting technique known as Mi dian cun (‘Mi’s dotting technique’), which was also used by his son, Mi Youren, but which has survived only in later imitations. The strokes are formed by laying down the side of the brush approximately parallel to the bottom of the paper. The result is an impressionistic overlaying of ink washes in graded tones that produces a soft and misty effect with a minimum of structured form and draughtsmanship. This style can only be achieved on paper and sometimes requires tools other than the traditional brush. The paintings are small and composed of rhythmically patterned forms that stress rounded, cone-shaped hills rising out of heavily obscuring mists. Mi’s style of painting was influential during the Yuan period (1279–1368); it can be seen in the work of Gao kegong, Fang congyi and others. While the general characteristics of Mi’s innovations can be seen in copies of his works, some of the traits that are re-created in some copies are not present in others. For example, one small scroll generally accepted as representing his principles is Auspicious Pine-trees in the Spring Mountains (Chunshan ruisong tu; see fig.). The impressionistic quality and use of heavily obscuring mists and patterned conical mountain forms are typical of Mi’s style, as are the limited use of linear elements and the rootless trees. The colours also are consistent with those used by Mi and his eldest son, Mi Youren (see (2) below), although the particular colour scheme appears to be an innovation of the Yuan period. An accompanying calligraphic inscription by the emperor Gaozong is no criterion of authenticity. --Seymour", + "date": "1051 - 1107", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KubanekStephanie", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kubanek, Stephanie", -"comment": "Albrecht, Donald, Ellen Lupton, and Steven Skov Holt; Design culture now : National Design Triennial , New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiWanzhong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mi, Wanzhong", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). m32w24z45 Alternate names: Mi Wan-chung, 米萬鍾 Ming dynasty One of the Four Masters of late Ming calligraphy, together with Xing Tong (1551–1612), Zhang Ruitu (1570-1641?), and Dong Qichang. --DOA", + "date": "ca. 1598 - 1628", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KubotaFujitaro", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kubota, Fujitaro", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Self-taught gardener and creator of the Seattle Japanese-style garden that bears his name", -"date": "1879-1973", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiYouren", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mi, Youren", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). m32y34r26 Alternate names: Mi Yu-jen, 米友仁 Song dynasty (2) Mi Youren [Mi Yu-jen; original ming Yinren; zi Yuanhui; hao Haiyue Houren, Lanzhou Daoren] (b probably in Xiangyang, Hubei Province, 1086; d 1165). Son of (1) Mi Fu. He served as Minister of War and Fuwen ge Scholar under the Southern Song emperor Gaozong, authenticating and appraising painting and calligraphy. The calligrapher Huang Tingjian gave him an ancient seal marked ‘Yuanhui’ offering him this name as his zi (style name), in an allusion to Mi Fu’s zi, Yuanzhang. This was a reference to the father–son name sequence of 4th-century masters Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi and implied an artistic continuation between the generations. Indeed, in calligraphy Mi Youren did follow Mi Fu’s style, though he did not equal him. In painting, Youren did not continue Fu’s depiction of figures and objects, but he did develop Fu’s famous misty landscape style, attaining such renown that he was overwhelmed by seekers of his paintings, and assistants had to make imitations, which he signed. Youren reinforced literati painting (wenren hua) ideals (see China, §V, 4(ii)) promulgated by Mi Fu, Su Shi, Wen Tong and others, spawning a genre of private art created by cognoscenti for each other, in which paintings functioned as personal, non-negotiable ‘images of the heart’ (xinyin). Youren called this type of painting ‘ink play’ (ximo). Eschewing linear contours and modelling strokes, he developed an unassertive, amorphous and cursory style of graded wash in wet or dry ink. Extant paintings attributed to Mi Youren include his White Clouds on the Xiao and Xiang (Xiao Xiang baiyun tu; date uncertain; Shanghai Mus.), Clearing Clouds over Distant Peaks (Yuanxiu qingyun tu; 1134; Osaka Mun. Mus.) and Impressions of Cloudy Mountains (Yunshan deyi tu; c. 1135; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), but these may all be of later date. One reliable Southern Song emanation is the Dream Journey along Xiao and Xiang (Xiao Xiang wayoutu; Tokyo, N. Mus.), later attached to Li Longmian. It shows the liberal application of dilute inkwash, the minimalist approach to incidents and the perspective of Southern Song vistas. In the Ming period (1368–1644) the Mi style became linearized, with strands of ‘Mi dots’ (Mi dian) arrayed in cascading ranks to cover areas once bathed in graded wash. --DOA", + "date": "1075 - 1151", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KudlessAndrew", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kudless, Andrew", -"comment": "Hensel, Michael and Achim Menges, eds.; Morpho-ecologies, London: Architectural Assocation, 2006. ", -"date": "active 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiaoXiaochun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Miao, Xiaochun", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province; studied 1986-1989 at the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing, 1995-1999 at Kunsthochschule Kassel; lives and works in Beijing.", + "date": "b. 1964", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KudriashovaKlacdiiaAndreevna", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kudriashova, Klacdiia Andreevna", -"comment": "Snezhko, N. G. ‪(‬Nina Grigorʹevna‪); Russkie sovetskie pisateli : komplekt portretov, Kiev: Izd-vo "Mystetstvo", 1977. ", -"date": "active 1977", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MichaelGoldFederalTheatreProject", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Michael Gold Federal Theatre Project", + "comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", + "date": "active ca. 1935", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KumChikeung", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kum, Chi-keung", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born and resides in Hong Kong; studied at First Institute of Art and Design, Hong Kong, 1991.", -"date": "born 1965", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MichaelowskiK", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Michaelowski, K.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KumashiroShuko", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kumashiro, Shuko", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. student of Shen Nanpin, eventually changed his name to Yuhi", -"date": "1712-1772", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KumeSekkeiCoLtd", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kume Sekkei Co., Ltd.", -"comment": "New Look of Environmental Design For a Sustainable Environment and Society, Tokyo: Orange Book Co., Ltd., 2005. Japanese architecture firm.", -"date": "active early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MichelleKaufmannDesigns", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Michelle Kaufmann Designs", + "comment": "Stang, Alanna and Christopher Hawthorne; Green House: New Directions in Sustainable Architecture, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2005. ", + "date": "active early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KumiYamashita", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kumi, Yamashita", -"comment": "Kumi Yamashita (Documents Northwest series), Seattle: Seattle Art Museum, 1997. ", -"date": "1968-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MichidaJun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Michida Jun", + "comment": "Ono, Masaaki and Katsuhiko Mizuno; Hidden Gardens of Kyoto, English language edition, Tokyo: Kodansha International, 2004. Japanese architect", + "date": "active ca. 2005", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kuncan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kuncan", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). k42c24 Alternate names: K'un-ts'an, 髡殘 Qing dynasty (b Changde, Hunan Province, 1612; d Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 1673). Chinese painter and Buddhist monk. He is known as one of the ‘Four Great Monk Painters’ of the early Qing dynasty (1644–1911), along with Shitao or Daoji, Zhu Da and Hongren, and as one of the greatest ‘Individualist’ painters of the 17th century (a group of artists that is always counterposed with the so-called ‘Orthodox’ painters of the 17th century). As a youth he studied the classics and prepared himself for the civil service examinations, at the same time becoming interested in painting and Buddhism. Inspired by a Confucian scholar in his home town who was also a Chan (Jap. Zen) Buddhist, Kuncan decided to dedicate his life to Chan Buddhism; in 1638, to show his determination, he shaved off his hair. Encouraged by his mentor, he travelled to the Jiangnan region, the area south of the Yangzi River, to seek further instruction in Buddhism. While in Nanjing, Kuncan was introduced to the teachings of the famous patriarch Zhuhong (1535–1615), who was noted for his enthusiasm for synthesizing the three doctrines of Buddhism, Confucianism and Daoism. Zhuhong’s philosophy became the guiding light for his life. When he returned to Hunan Province, Kuncan settled in Taoyuan County and, under further instruction from his mentor, attained a kind of spiritual enlightenment. During the turmoil caused by the invasion of the Manchu army and the establishment of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911) in 1644–5, Kuncan wandered deep into the countryside of the Taoyuan area, a region associated with the mythical Taohua yuan (Peach Blossom Spring), as described in the allegorical prose work written by Tao Yuanming in the 4th century ad. He stayed in the wilderness for three months, suffering considerable hardship. In 1654 he took up residence in the Dabaoen Temple in Nanjing where, under another noted monk, Juelang (1592–1659), he supervised the editing of a new edition of the Dazang jing, the Chinese Buddhist canon. He soon became acquainted with such distinguished scholars as Qian Qianyi (1582–1664) and Gu Yanwu (1613–82) and painters such as Cheng Zhengkui. The earliest extant paintings by Kuncan date from this period. In 1659, after becoming an official disciple of Juelang, he moved to the Youqi Temple on Mt Zutang, not far from Nanjing, where he lived, except for a few trips, for the rest of his life. An early journey was to the famous Mt Huang range in southern Anhui Province (c. 65 km north-west of She xian), known for its great scenic beauty and a subject of many contemporary paintings (see Anhui school). He remained there for more than a year, during which time he did many paintings of the local topography. Most of his dated works that survive are from the period 1660–63, the most productive of his artistic career. An extreme introvert who suffered from poor health, Kuncan had an idiosyncratic personality and seldom socialized with his contemporaries (some of whom were members of the Nanjing school). One exception was Cheng Zhengkui, who became his closest friend. They often visited each other and painted together, sometimes even collaborating on paintings. Cheng often invited Kuncan to view his collection of paintings and calligraphy and to discuss them together. Cheng had been strongly influenced by the theories and style of Dong Qichang, the connoisseur, painter, calligrapher and theorist who founded the Orthodox school of painting in the late Ming period (1368–1644), and doubtless brought some of Dong’s ideas to Kuncan. Kuncan’s painting style was inspired by such old masters as Juran, Huang Gongwang and Wang Meng. He was deeply interested in Wang Meng and developed his own style from Wang’s works. Critics have commented that Kuncan’s paintings, like Wang Meng’s, are full of life, vigorous, elaborate and colourful. His highly distinctive brushwork involved a dry-brush, crumbly brushstroke, quickly laid down in short staccato strokes that are interwoven into a dense, highly textured surface. Among the considerable number of his extant works are some that reflect his interest in depicting scenes he visited during his travels. Tiandu Peak (hanging scroll, paper, 1661; Beijing, Pal. Mus.) was one of many works inspired by his stay at Mt Huang. It shows the influence of 10th-century masters in its compositional use of a broad, open view. Another painting of the Mt Huang area, Thirty-six Peaks (hanging scroll, paper, 1663; Kansas City, MO, Nelson–Atkins Mus. A.), is a close-up view with the tightly knit composition that was also characteristic of Wang Meng. One of his best-known works is Baoen Temple (hanging scroll, paper, 1664; Kyoto, K. Sumitomo priv. col.), which depicts the temple in Nanjing where he spent almost ten years. An Album of Four Leaves Painted for Mr Qingzi [Cheng Zhengkui], painted from memory and based on scenes of Mt Huang, is one of his masterpieces. Of the four leaves in this album, two are in the British Museum, London, one in the Museum für Ostasiatische Kunst, Berlin (see fig.), and another at the Cleveland Museum of Art, OH. The compositions are all highly original, with dramatic movements and striking contrasts. They display the nervous energy evident in Wang Meng’s paintings but show a new sense of vision that is far from imitative. Kuncan also produced a number of figure paintings, mostly of Buddhist figures and monks, sometimes portraying himself as a Buddhist eccentric or a reincarnated saint. One of the most revealing paintings of this type was Monk Meditating in a Tree (untraced), in which he expressed his autobiographical views and experiences. In a long inscription typical of most of his works he wrote the following poem: ‘The question is how to find peace in a world of suffering. You ask why I came hither; I cannot tell the reason. I am living high up in a tree and looking down. Here I can rest free from all trouble like a bird in its nest. People call me a dangerous man, but I answer: “You are like devils”.’ (Translation Sirén, p. 147.) --DOA", -"date": "1612 - after 1692?", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MichieHenryStuart", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Michie, Henry Stuart", + "comment": "Meyer, Marilee Boyd; Inspiring Reform: Boston's Arts and Crafts Movement, Wellesley: Davis Museum and Cultural Center, 1997. alternate name: H. Stuart Michie", + "date": "1871-1943", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KunishigeFrank", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kunishige, Frank", -"comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. Japanese born photographer active in the Seattle area.", -"date": "1878-1960", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MichiganStateUniversity", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Michigan State University", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. State university and agriculture school for Michigan", + "date": "est. 1855", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KunitoraUtagawa", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Kunitora, Utagawa", -"comment": "Name derived from a website. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MicroColorIncorporated", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "MicroColor Incorporated", + "comment": "Reents-Budet, Dorie; Painting the Maya Universe: Royal Ceramics form the Classic Period, Durham; London: Duke University Press, 1994. 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Australian firm.", -"date": "active early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LaiAn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lai, An", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l23a4 Alternate names: Lai-an, 賴菴 Yuan dynasty, unrecorded Priest. 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", -"date": "born 1915", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MillerHullPartnership", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Miller/Hull Partnership", + "comment": "Stang, Alanna and Christopher Hawthorne; Green House: New Directions in Sustainable Architecture, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2005. Architectural firm founded in 1977 by David Miller and Robert Hull. In 1985 Norm Strong was named partner, and in 1994 Craig Curtis became the fourth partner. In 2008 the Miller|Hull Partnership added three new partners, Sian Roberts, Ron Rochon and Scott Wolf. The office is located in downtown Seattle and has a staff of sixty-three. In-house capabilities include master planning, urban design, full-service architectural, interior design, and space planning. ", + "date": "active 1977-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LaianPriest", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Laian, Priest ", -"comment": "Wu Tung; Tales From the Land of Dragons: 1,000 Years of Chinese Painting, Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1997. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MilletDF", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Millet, D. F.", + "comment": "Paris et le daguerréotype, Paris: Paris-Musees, 1989. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LaineD", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Laine, D.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LaisneCharles", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Laisne, Charles", -"comment": "Bégule, Lucien; Cathédrale de Sens: son Architecture - son Décor, Lyon: Société Anonyme de L'Imprimerie A. Rey, 1929. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MillettKate", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Millett, Kate", + "comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", + "date": "born 1934", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LambardiCarlo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lambardi, Carlo", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1554-1620", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MillikanJeff", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Millikan, Jeff", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LambertandRawlings", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lambert and Rawlings", -"comment": "Baker, Malcolm and Brenda Richardson; Grand Design: the Art of the Victoria and Albert Museum, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1997. ", -"date": "active 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LambertJH", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lambert, J.H.", -"comment": "Geraldy, Paul; L'Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes, Illustration, no. 4286. ", -"date": "first half 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MillsandShepherd", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mills & Shepherd", + "comment": "http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/30485/details/megginch+castle/. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LambertJacquesGeorges", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lambert, Jacques Georges", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "born 1891", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MillsErnestineEvans", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mills, Ernestine Evans", + "comment": "Wildman, Stephen and John Christian; Edward Burne-Jones: Victorian Artist-Dreamer, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, distributed by Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1998. ", + "date": "1871-1959", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LamoignonNicolasde", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lamoignon, Nicolas de", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active 17th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MillsGrant", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mills, Grant", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Lamoureux", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lamoureux", -"comment": "Calliat, Victor; Parallèle des maisons de Paris construites depuis 1830 jusqu'à nos jours, dessiné et publié par Victor Calliat, architecte, Paris: Bance, 1857-1864. ", -"date": "active mid 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LamplPaul", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lampl, Paul", -"comment": "Krautheimer, Richard; Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture, 4th edition, Middlesex: Penguin Books, Ltd., 1986. ", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MilneRobert", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Milne, Robert", + "comment": "Levitt, Sarah; Fashion in Photographs, 1880-1900, London: B.T. Batsford Ltd., 1991. Photographer with studios in Aboyne and Ballater.", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LanYing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lan, Ying", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l24y32 Alternate names: Lan Ying, 藍瑛 Ming dynasty (b Qiantang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 1585; d c. 1664). Chinese painter. Lan Ying spent most of his early life in Hangzhou (one of his hao names, Xihu Waishi, means ‘unofficial historian of West Lake’, referring to the city’s famous lake). He was classified by Chinese writers as the last of the professional painters working in the tradition of the Zhe school, a lineage that began with Dai Jin. Despite his professional status, Lan travelled widely and drew from masters of Suzhou in Jiangsu Province, such as Shen Zhou, and from the Huating (modern Songjiang in Shanghai Municipality) circle of painters, including such artists as Sun Kehong (1533–1611) and Chen Jiru, led by Dong Qichang. Lan Ying is said to have shown great talent by the age of eight and to have produced a landscape of mountains, forests, rivers and clouds on the floor of a hall in his house with ashes from the family’s ancestral altar; he copied the works of painters of the Tang (618–907) and Song (960–1279) periods and became proficient in fine-line architectural drawing ( jiehua) and in painting palace ladies, a popular academic genre of previous periods (see China, §V, 3(vii)). He studied the work of the master Huang Gongwang of the Yuan period (1279–1368), and a series of landscapes in album format entitled After the Old Masters (1622; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), carries an inscription by Lan explaining that he had seen a Wang Wei painting in a Suzhou collection and a work by Zhao Lingrang owned by the Orthodox school master and theoretician Dong Qichang. This evidence hints at a new departure for Lan Ying and suggests that he ventured north from Hangzhou to learn at first hand from the innovative painters of the Huating region. The Songjiang practice of imitating ( fang) the styles of old masters appears in a series of albums and handscrolls by Lan Ying. He drew from a wider range of models than most of Dong Qichang’s followers, attempting to combine the strengths of the Hangzhou school of professional painters and the styles of academic masters such as Li Tang and Ma Yuan with the concerns and principles of the ‘Southern school’ painters as defined by Dong Qichang (see China, §V, 5). An early Qing-period (1644–1911) compilation of artists’ biographies, the third supplement to Xia Wenyan’s Tuhui baojian (‘Precious mirror for examining painting’; 1365), states that Lan Ying was an excellent painter of bamboo and rocks, plum and orchids. The literati with whom Lan associated praised his works in the style of Huang Gongwang, but most evaluations of Lan Ying’s skill stress his ability to duplicate the brush manner of his models. The literati usually valued paintings that expressed the noble qualities of the artist or captured the ‘spirit’ (qi) of the model rather than the precise brushwork of a past master. Despite his technical skill and his enthusiastic adoption of the ideals of the Huating circle, Lan opened himself to charges that, according to the influential Chen Jiru, he retained the mannerisms of the academic style favoured at the imperial painting academy. Lan Ying’s early works, exemplified by Listening to a Waterfall in a Pavilion in Spring (1622; hanging scroll, Shenyang, Liaoning Prov. Mus.), show the influence of Song period painting. The composition of Listening to a Waterfall and of a later work, Lofty Autumn among the Peaks of Mount Hua in the Manner of Guan Tong (1652; Shanghai Mus., see fig.), are typical of Lan Ying: a tall central mountain, reminiscent of landscapes of the Northern Song period (960–1126), towers above a series of smaller built-up peaks and ridges that begins in a middle-ground valley among a V-shaped arrangement of trees, cliff-side houses and cascading streams. An inscription on Listening to a Waterfall states that it imitates the style of Li Cheng, and the naturalism—the stippling that gives both texture and shading to earth surfaces, a convincing recession of space, an impression of cool mist and flowing water—is a close imitation of the Song manner. In the later Lofty Autumn, the artist’s concern has shifted from the convincing representation of mass and depth to the arrangement of several heavily outlined shapes given equal weight in the composition. Lan Ying relies less on tonal contrasts and varied geology for effect. Instead, the flat-topped central peak seems to push forward almost as if on the same plane as the foreground. Although rather static and conventional, there is enough of a distinctive touch in Lofty Autumn to raise it above the hackneyed or merely decorative efforts associated with professional painting. After the fall of the Ming dynasty in 1644, Lan Ying’s contact with the literati ceased. Joint works with portrait painters such as Xie Bin (1568–1650), for which he provided landscape settings, and much routine, repetitive painting date from this period. Lan, however, was a prolific painter, given to painting compositions for large hanging scrolls on silk (a format to which his strong, stable compositions were suited) that could be used for a decorative purpose. --DOA", -"date": "1585 - after 1657", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MilondeNanteuil", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Milon de Nanteuil", + "comment": "Stierlin, Henri; Encyclopaedia of World Architecture v.1, Second edition, London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1979. ", + "date": "active 1247", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LancasterandLodge", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lancaster and Lodge", -"comment": "Crites, Mitchell Shelby and Ameeta Nanji; India Sublime: Princely Palace Hotels of Rajasthan, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 2007. London firm of Henry Lancaster, understudy of Edwin Lutyens, designer of New Delhi", -"date": "first half 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MinQiji", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Min, Qiji", + "comment": "Clunas, Craig; Empire of Great Brightness: Visual and Material Cultures of Ming China, 1368-1644, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2007. ", + "date": "first half 17th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LandryPierre", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Landry, Pierre", -"comment": "Name used by John Reynolds, architect, Eugene, Oregon. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MinZhen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Min, Zhen", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). m36z423 Alternate names: Min Chen, 閔貞 Qing dynasty From Jiangsu province. Lived in Hangzhou. Painted landscapes and figures. --Seymour", + "date": "1730 - after 1788", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LaneCountyPlanningCommission", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lane County Planning Commission", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 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", -"date": "1955-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LangeEmil", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lange, Emil", -"comment": "Kaplan, Wendy; 'The Art That is Life': The Arts and Crafts Movement in America, 1875-1920, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1987. furniture/stained glass", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MinamotonoMuneyuki", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Minamoto no Muneyuki", + "comment": "Singer, Robert T. et al.; Edo: Art in Japan 1615-1868, Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1998. 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", -"date": "d. 1767", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MindenConstructionCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Minden Construction Company", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LangmanElizar", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Langman, Elizar", -"comment": "Great Utopia: the Russian and Soviet Avant-Garde, 1915-1932 , New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1992. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LanierSidney", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lanier, Sidney", -"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999 . ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Minekuni", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Minekuni", + "comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker, a relatively unknown artist for whom only two or three prints are recorded.", + "date": "active ca. 1825", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LanktonZiegeleTerryandAssociates", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lankton-Ziegele Terry & Associates", -"comment": "Architecture of Philip Johnson, Boston : Bulfinch Press, 2002. ", -"date": "20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MingZhen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ming, Zhen", + "comment": "Yi yuan duo ying (Gems from Chinese Fine Arts), no. 1-6. Chinese painter of the Qing dynasty", + "date": "ca. 1730-after 1788", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LapiZenobi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lapi, Zenobi", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active 17th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MingenbachWilliam", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mingenbach, William", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1928-2012", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LapsinaEG", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lapsina, E. G.", -"comment": "Strigalev, Anatolij and Jurgen Harten; Vladimir Tatlin Retrospektive, Cologne: DuMont Buchverlag Koln, 1993. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MinisterstvoSviaziSSSR", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ministerstvo Sviazi SSSR", + "comment": "Russian Postcards (Heghine). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LardinPierre", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lardin, Pierre", -"comment": "Brunhammer, Yvonne and Suzanne Tise; Decorative Arts in France, 1900-1942, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1990. ", -"date": "1930s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LarsKinsarvik", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lars Kinsarvik", -"comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MinistryofCultureofLithuania", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ministry of Culture of Lithuania", + "comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LasaterGarlandandMollie", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lasater, Garland and Mollie", -"comment": "Ojeda, Oscar Riera; Buildings & Landscapes: Lake/Flato, Gloucestor: Rockport Publishers, 2005. ", -"date": "active ca. 1994", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LastraFranciscodela", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lastra, Francisco de la", -"comment": "Catedral de la Plata: el Mayor Templo Neogótico del Siglo XX, Buenos Aires: MZ Ediciones SRL y Fundación Catedral, 2000. ", -"date": "active second half of the 17th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MinistryofEducation", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ministry of Education", + "comment": "Meiji kaikaki no nishikie (Meiji Japan through woodblock prints), Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1989. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LastraManueldela", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lastra, Manuel de la", -"comment": "Catedral de la Plata: el Mayor Templo Neogótico del Siglo XX, Buenos Aires: MZ Ediciones SRL y Fundación Catedral, 2000. ", -"date": "active second half of the 17th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LateganBarry", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lategan, Barry", -"comment": "Howell, Georgina; In Vogue: Six Decades of Fashion, reprint of the 1975 edition, London: Allen Lane, Penguin Books Ltd., 1976. 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", -"date": "ca. 1909", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LathamWilliam", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Latham, William", -"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MinkkinenArno", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Minkkinen, Arno", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LattermanSuzanne", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Latterman, Suzanne", -"comment": "Lupfer, Gilbert and Paul Sigel; Gropius, 1883-1969: The Promoter of a New Form, Cologne: Taschen, 2004. ", -"date": "active ca. 2000", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LauFookTai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lau, Fook Tai", -"comment": "UO AAA Library Architectural Drawing Collection. Chinese architectural student at UO", -"date": "born ca. 1895", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MinterBrian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Minter, Brian", + "comment": "Starner, Carolyn; Emerald Journey: A Walk Through Northwest Gardens, Spokane: Greenstem Press, 2004. Canadian landscaper and garden designer", + "date": "active after 1975", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LauerJP", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lauer, J.P.", -"comment": "Lloyd, Seton, Hans Wolfgang Muller and Roland Martin; Ancient Architecture: Mesopotamia, Egypt, Crete, Greece, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1974. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MintonHollins", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Minton Hollins", + "comment": "Soros, Susan Weber; E.W. Godwin: Aesthetic Movement Architect and Designer, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999. Manufacturer of ceramic tiles, located in Stoke on Trent; produced designs by Pugin and E.W. Godwin", + "date": "established 1830", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LaurelBrenda", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Laurel, Brenda", -"comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", -"date": "contemporary", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MirAliibnIlyas", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mir 'Ali ibn Ilyas", + "comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. alternate name: Mir 'Ali ibn Ilyas al-Tabrizi", + "date": "active 1390s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LaversandBarraud", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lavers and Barraud", -"comment": "Sewter, A. Charles; Stained Glass of William Morris and His Circle, London, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1974. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MirHashim", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mir Hashim", + "comment": "Falk, Toby, ed.; Treatures of Islam, London: Philip Wilson Publishers, Ltd., 1985 (0856671967). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LawCraig", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Law, Craig", -"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. American photographer based in Utah. ", -"date": "b. 1946", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LawrenceandHolford", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lawrence & Holford", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. The firm Lawrence & Holford was established when Ellis F. Lawrence partnered with William G. Holford, an MIT classmate.", -"date": "1913-1928", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MirHaydar", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mir Haydar", + "comment": "Seguy, Marie-Rose; Miraculous Journey of Mahomet: Miraj Nameh, New York: George Braziller, Inc., 1977 (0807608688). Author of the Mirâj Nâmeh", + "date": "ca. 1436", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LawrenceEllisF", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lawrence, Ellis F.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1879-1946", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MirHusaynalSahvialTabrizi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mir Husayn al-Sahvi al-Tabrizi", + "comment": "Falk, Toby, ed.; Treatures of Islam, London: Philip Wilson Publishers, Ltd., 1985 (0856671967). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LawrenceHolfordAllynandBean", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lawrence, Holford, Allyn & Bean", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. succeeded firm of Lawrence & Holford (1913-1928).", -"date": "active 1928-1933", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LawrenceHolfordandAllyn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lawrence, Holford, and Allyn", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Oregon architecture firm; formerly Lawrence, Holford, Allyn and Bean (1928-1933). 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", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MirMusavvir", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mir Musavvir", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Safavid painter", + "date": "fl. ca. 1510-1548", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LawrenceWilliam", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lawrence, William", -"comment": "British Listed Buildings. ", -"date": "active early 17th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MirSayyidAli", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mir Sayyid 'Ali", + "comment": "Encyclopaedia Britannica Online; Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.; Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.; http://www.britannica.com/. Persian painter", + "date": "fl. 16th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LawsonTimeIncPasadena", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lawson Time Inc, Pasadena", -"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MirakaghaofTabriz", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mirak, agha, of Tabriz", + "comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. 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", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LewisCarolynK", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lewis, Carolyn K.", -"comment": "Bennett, Michael, Aaron J. Paul, and Mario Iozzo; Magna Graecia: Greek Art From South Italy and Sicily, Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2002. illustrator", -"date": "active 2000s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LewisCynthiaGano", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lewis, Cynthia Gano", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MontacchiniAlberto", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Montacchini, Alberto", + "comment": "Lista, Giovanni; Futurism & Photography, London: Merrell Publishers Limited, 2001. ", + "date": "1894-1956", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LewisSinclair", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lewis, Sinclair", -"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", -"date": "active ca. 1935", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MontaguElizabethDuchessofManchester", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Montagu, Elizabeth, Duchess of Manchester", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1741-1832", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LewisWF", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lewis, W. F.", -"comment": "UO VRC Mounted Photographs Collection. ", -"date": "active ca. 1880", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MontastierE", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Montastier, E.", + "comment": "Bernard, Bruce; Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography, 1840-1940, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. ", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LewthwaiteCliftonR", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lewthwaite, Clifton R.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoonMayorasArchitects", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moon Mayoras Architects", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LexNerlingerAlice", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lex-Nerlinger, Alice", -"comment": "Blume, Eugen; Kunst in Berlin 1648-1987, Berlin: Henschelverlag, 1987. ", -"date": "1893-1975", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LeylandFrederickR", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Leyland, Frederick R.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Liverpool shipowner and patron of artists, in particular, James McNeill Whistler.", -"date": "1832-1892", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Moore", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moore", + "comment": "UO AAA Library Architectural Drawing Collection. AAA Architecture student", + "date": "active 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LeyritzLéon", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Leyritz, Léon", -"comment": "Brunhammer, Yvonne and Suzanne Tise; Decorative Arts in France, 1900-1942, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1990. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MooreFrankM", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moore, Frank M.", + "comment": "Archer, Michael. Art since 1960. New York : Thames & Hudson, c2002.. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiAnzhong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Anzhong", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32a4z45 Alternate names: Li An-chung, 李安忠 Song dynasty The development of the visual arts in the Southern Song period under the leadership of the Academy was especially significant for Chinese painting. Gaozong reassembled the artists who had belonged to the Northern Song court and soon was able to reconstitute Huizong’s painting academy. Li Tang was especially honoured among the old masters: his name was the first on the list of members; he was made daizhao (‘painter in attendance’) and received the traditional title jindai (‘golden girdle’). Su Hanchen, Li Anzhong (c. 1117–1140), Li Di and Zhao Boju painted the traditional themes of birds, flowers, scholars at leisure and scenes of palace life in an attempt to recapture the glories of the past. --DOA After Zhao Lingrang's death, his style was still practised with fidelity in the Southern Song period as exemplified by an album leaf in ink and colours on silk, Cottages in a Misty Grove in Autumn (Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.), signed and dated 1177 by Li Anzhong, a painter of the Imperial Academy. --DOA", -"date": "active second half 12th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiBin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Bin", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", -"date": "active ca. 1980", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MooreHughArmytage", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moore, Hugh Armytage", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1876-1954", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiCheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Cheng", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32c39 Alternate names: Li Ch'eng, 李成 Five dynasties (b ad 919; d 967). Chinese painter. His ancestors, members of the imperial clan, were natives of Chang’an (now Xi’an, Shaanxi Province), the Tang-dynasty (ad 618–907) capital. During disturbances at the end of the 9th century the clan split into two branches. Li’s grandfather, who settled in Qingzhou (now Shandong), and his father both held official posts. From 956 to 958 Li was in government service in Bianliang (now Kaifeng), at the invitation of his friend Wang Pu, then Commissioner of Military Affairs for Emperor Shizong (reg 944–54). Li came to know many important scholar–officials, but, despondent after the death of Wang, took to poetry, music, painting and drink. His paintings became sought after, but he remained at first socially aloof. Later he became a habitual wanderer, until, some time after 964, he accepted an invitation to live in Huaiyang (Henan Province), where he died of overindulgence in wine. Li Cheng exemplifies the Chinese phenomenon of a profoundly admired artist whose true style was, within a century of his death, obscured by unreliable attributions, the relationships of which to the original can no longer be determined. His fame was established early in the Northern Song period (960–1127), when critics considered his brushwork to have ‘captured the miracle of creation [and] Li to have become the master of a hundred generations’. The Xuanhe huapu (‘Xuanhe collection of painting’, catalogue of the collection of Emperor Huizong (reg 1101–25); preface dated 1120) states, ‘When it comes to landscapes, Li Cheng remains unmatched in history or in the present day’. The outspoken artist and critic Mi Fu was ambivalent in his assessment of Li, whom he decried as having ‘vulgar airs…with much skilful artifice but little natural spirit’. At the same time, Mi described Li’s painting methods in meticulous detail, thereby revealing how attentively he had studied them. In the Hua shi (‘History of painting’; c. 1100), Mi claimed to have seen 300 imitations and only two genuine works, a four-scroll set of landscapes and another of pines and rocks; he was thus rejecting the authenticity of 159 attributions to Li in the Xuanhe huapu. The Xuanhe compiler had admired in particular Li’s brush-power (bili) and quoted Li’s alleged self-appraisal, ‘I am a Confucian scholar who paints only for my own pleasure. How could people summon me to deploy pigments in their homes and to be treated as a professional painter!’ Li Cheng was one of the earliest of the upper-class Chinese scholars who regarded painting as a private spiritual activity (a cast of mind and pursuit known as shidai fu hua). He took great pains to depict in detail rugged mountains, generally with a massive peak or cliff dominating the picture (see fig.). The critic Guo Ruoxu (11th century) ranked Li Cheng and Fan kuan, a student of Li’s work, as the absolute masters of landscape painting, and it was to them that two major schools of painting, differing in overall style and specifically in ink techniques, traced their origins (see Dong yuan). After Li Cheng’s death, the scarcity of his works, combined with the admiration in which they came to be held, spawned energetic and continuous production of forgeries. In the 13th century these specimens had become so common and so inferior as almost to obliterate Li’s reputation as the finest landscapist of his time. Critics such as Yuan Haowen (1190–1257), writing in 1234, lamented (inappropriately, for he was misled by imitations) that Li’s brush spirit was ‘fragmented and confused, exuding an aura of the professional hack’. Nevertheless, Li Cheng’s iconic status among collectors and writers has remained relatively undiminished throughout the history of Chinese painting criticism. During the Southern Song period (1127–1279) the Li–Guo style (named after Li Cheng and his late 11th-century follower Guo xi) became an established stream in painting. During the first two decades of the 14th century, the Li–Guo style in its Yuan-period (1279–1368) transformation was introduced to Korea, where it became a foundation for Chosŏn-period (1392–1910) academic painting (see Korea, §IV, 2(i)(d)); its reverberations are also found as far west as Persia in the landscape elements of miniature painting. In the 14th century Li Cheng ceded celebrity to Guo Xi, whose landscapes feature convoluted mountain shapes. However, the restlessness and turbulence associated until modern times with the Li–Guo school are probably wrongly attributed in view of the copious retouchings and inventive accretions inflicted on the works in the Yuan and early Ming (1368–1644) periods. The earliest observers did not mention the air of agitation that Li Cheng’s paintings reputedly exuded. Mi Fu wrote: Extraordinarily elegant and moist, the pine trunk is sinuous and straight, the branches and leaves create shade, the small woods and brambles show no redundant brushwork and do not coil like dragons, snakes or goblin spirits…. When making a tree knot, [Li] does not draw an ink circle but deposits a huge wet blob, then draws across the gap with a brush of thoroughly pale ink, looking as if made in heaven. Across are modelled rocks rising out of the water round and moist. From the peak the brushstroke plunges straight down to be level with the foot of the rock…there is a rock in the water, below which pale ink wash is deployed for reflection, creating gravel that sinks straight down in the water. This is unlike common imitations with their [confused] straight and oblique strokes that reveal no ground at the bottom, nor any water dynamics, [where things] float as if in mid-air, so that those who have not seen real autographs criticise Li Cheng works as having no feet. Mi stressed the sparing use of ink, the simplicity of brushwork and the straightness of forms typical of genuine Li Cheng examples. He also noted the insubstantiality and the excessive curlicues that were emerging among late 11th-century forgeries. Among surviving attributions, none is of the period. The vertical landscape Solitary Temple amid Clearing Peaks (Kansas City, MO, Nelson–Atkins Mus. A.; see Confucianism, fig. 1) represents what may be considered an anonymous late 11th-century view of the Jing Hao–Fan Kuan style. All other works in Li Cheng’s style depict gnarled, wintry trees or are landscapes inspired by Guo Xi. The rendition of earthen banks and desolate trees in the left upper section of Guo Xi’s Early Spring (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.; for illustration see Guo xi), painted in 1072, fully a century after Li’s death, offers an indirect glimpse into Li’s manner, specifically the claim that he ‘used ink sparingly as if it were gold’ (see also China, fig. 121). Li’s son, Li Jue (ad 948–93), who passed the national civil service examination to become a jinshi, in 988 invited fellow historiographer Song Bai to write his father’s official tomb biography (muzhi ming). Li Jue and his son Li You both became well-known Confucian scholars and did not wish the family to be associated with the craft of painting, which had not yet acquired its respectability as a form of literati self-expression. Li You therefore paid high prices to buy back paintings attributed to Li Cheng, although many of them were probably imitations by his fellow townsman of Yingqiu (now Linzi, Shandong Province), the musician Cui Yuanshen, who had successfully mastered the Li Cheng manner. --DOA", -"date": "919 - 967", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MooreJohn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moore, John", + "comment": "George, Michael; Gardens of Ireland, New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1986. ", + "date": "d. 1903", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiChun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Chun", -"comment": "China Publications Center; Modern Chinese Woodcuts, Beijing: Guozi Shudian, 1965. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MooreLyndonTurnbullWhitaker", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moore, Lyndon, Turnbull, Whitaker", + "comment": "Weston, Richard; Key Buildings of the Twentieth Century: Plans, Sections and Elevations, New York; London: W.W. Norton & Company, 2004. Also known as MLTW", + "date": "1962-1970", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiCunsong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Cunsong", -"comment": "Rotondo, Lisa E.; Chinese Revolutionary Woodcuts, 1935-1948: From the Herman Collection, Middletown (CT): Davison Art Center, 1984. alternate name: Li Cun Song", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MooreheadSingletonP", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moorehead, Singleton P.", + "comment": "Whiffen, Marcus; Eighteenth-Century Houses of Williamsburg, 1984 revised edition, Williamsburg, VA: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1984. ", + "date": "ca. 1958", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiDinu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Dinu", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Encompassing film, photography and video, Dinu Li's practice centres on the relationship between the personal and the political, the public and the private. Shaped by forces that determine our social structures, Li draws inspiration from an engagement with the many cultures he encounters.", -"date": "born 1965", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoorhouseMajorLee", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moorhouse, Major Lee", + "comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. American photographer", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiDong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Dong", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32d38 Alternate names: Li Tung, 李宗諤 Song dynasty Painted figures and flowers. --Seymour", -"date": "active ca. 1225 - 1264", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiFangying", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Fangying", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32f24y29 Alternate names: Li Fang-ying, 李方膺 Qing dynasty Painted pine trees, bamboo, orchids, chrysanthemums in the xie-yi manner. --Seymour", -"date": "1695 - 1754", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoosbruggerKaspar", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moosbrugger, Kaspar", + "comment": "Schütz, Bernard; Great Monasteries of Europe, English language edition, New York; London: Abeeville Press Publishers, 2004. monk responsible for the design of Einsiedelm Abbey", + "date": "active early 18th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiFenglan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Fenglan", -"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese painter of peasant paintings", -"date": "b. 1933", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoreauR", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moreau, R.", + "comment": "Apke, Bernd et al.; Okkultismus und Avantgarde: Von Munch bis Mondrian 1900-1915, 3rd, Frankfurt: Schirn Kunsthalle, 1995. photographer", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiFulai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Fulai", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Heilongjiang Province, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 李福来", -"date": "born 1938", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorelandHughes", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Morel & Hughes", + "comment": "Collard, Frances; Regency Furniture, Woodbridge: Antique Collectors' Club, 1985. ", + "date": "active waely 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiGemin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Gemin", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Li Keh-min ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Morgan92Group", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Morgan 92 Group", + "comment": "Pierpont Morgan Library. ", + "date": "active 13th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiGonglin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Gonglin", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32g33l38 Alternate names: Li Kung-lin, 李公麟 Song dynasty (b Shucheng County, Anhui Province, c. 1047; d 1106). Chinese painter and collector. He was from a family of scholar-officials, possibly related to the Li clan who were rulers of the Southern Tang (ad 937–75). In 1070 he passed the national civil-service examinations to gain the title of jinshi, which in the Song period (960–1279) was the culmination of scholarly achievement and means to the highest official careers. Li Gonglin, however, began by retiring to his native district. Little is known of Li’s life during the 1070s. He was joined by friends in the mountains, and around 1076 went to Nanjing to visit the reformer Wang Anshi (1021–86). In early 1078, Li bought land in Mt Longmian, south-west of Shucheng, and began building a villa that he later depicted in a handscroll painting. A surviving copy of this painting is Shanzhuang tu (‘Longmian mountain villa’; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), one scene of which, ‘Hall of Ink Meditation’, alludes to Li’s practice of calligraphy and painting as a means to enlightenment; there are also other versions (Beijing, Pal. Mus. and Florence, I Tatti). In 1079 Li left his mountain home to serve as an examination official in the capital Bianliang (modern Kaifeng, Henan Province) and shortly after was transferred to Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, and Zhangyuan, Hunan Province, where he may have met the artists Mi Fu and Huang Tingjian. By early 1086, Li had returned to Kaifeng and was promoted to a post in the Secretariat Chancellery. During his decade in the capital, Li renewed old friendships and cultivated new ones, becoming acquainted with Su Shi and his brother, with Wang Shen, Zhang Lei (1052–1112) and others. As collector, antiquarian and connoisseur, Li left his imprint on many aspects of art. The numerous extant paintings bearing his name demonstrate his versatility; in the genres of figure painting, horse painting and landscape, Li set a standard that remained exemplary. Among the paintings of horses attributed to Li, two are arguably genuine. Five Tribute Horses (see fig.) has no artist’s signature or seals, but the two colophons dated 1090 and 1131, written respectively by Huang Tingjian and Zeng (1073–1135), confirm its authenticity. The painting, following a type familiar in the Tang period (ad 618–907) but executed in baimiao or ink outline, a medium associated with the 4th-century painter Gu Kaizhi and in which Li was the acknowledged master, depicts five horses sent as tribute from West Asia, each led by a groom from a different country. One of the horses has been identified as having been sent to the Song court in 1088, when Li would have been aged 40 to 42. The painting disappeared in World War II. Pasturing Horses, after Wei Yan of the Tang Dynasty (handscroll, ink and colour on silk; Beijing, Pal. Mus.) was executed, according to the artist’s inscription, by imperial order after a lost Tang painting. A triumph of organization, it marshalls over 1200 horses and more than 100 human figures in an expanse of pasture. A comparison with the hunting scene from the Tang tomb of Prince Zhanghuai (d 682; reburied 706) at Qian xian, Shaanxi Province, shows how the painting corresponds to the processional paintings that were presumably common in the Tang period. Paintings attributed to Li referring to the classics and history include the Classic of Filial Piety (New York, Met.). This originally consisted of 18 sections, of which 15 remain, each with an illustration and a transcription from the Confucian Xiaojing (‘Classic of filial piety’), written in the old-fashioned style of the calligrapher Zhong You (ad 151–230). Though also executed in baimiao, the brushwork is less confident than that of Five Tribute Horses; it has been suggested that the painting ‘has the look of a first draft’, but a mistake in the prescribed number of bells for Confucian rites in one scene, which Li surely would not have made, suggests that this is in fact an early copy after Li. A Classic of Filial Piety (Shanghai Mus.) in five scenes with text in seal script (zhuanshu) is dated to the Yuan period (1279–1368) and is very similar in style to the scroll in the Metropolitan Museum. Even as imitations, these paintings are valuable as revivals of the archetype Li established. Li’s renderings in baimiao of other literary subjects, such as Tao Yuanming’s Returning Home and Qu Yuan’s Nine Songs, were also frequently imitated. Li also painted Buddhist and Daoist subjects, though none of these have survived in the original: a painting of Vimalakirti depicting the layman attended by a devi holding a flower is generally considered to be a Southern Song (1127–1279) painting (Tokyo, N. Mus.), and a long handscroll of Buddhist and Daoist figures (London, BM) with a colophon by the Yuan connoisseur Yu Ji (1272–1348) is imitative of Li’s style. Li Gonglin established a canon of classical styles, based on the achievements of some of the greatest figure, landscape and animal painters of the Tang and pre-Tang period (see Barnhart). He is considered a master of the highest order: his classical learning informed every aspect of his painting. --DOA", -"date": "1049 - 1106", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorganCharlesL", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Morgan, Charles L.", + "comment": "Chicago Daily Tribune; International Competition for a New Administration Building for the Chicago Tribune, Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune, 1923. American architect, born Mt. Vernon, Illinois, graduated from University of Illinois, worked as an architect in Chicago, associate of Frank Lloyd Wright after 1929", + "date": "1890-1947", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiGongnian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Gongnian", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32g33n34 Alternate names: Li Kung-nien, 李公年 Song dynasty Painted landscapes. --Seymour", -"date": "late 11th - early 12th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorganEA", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Morgan, E. A.", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiGuijun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Guijun", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorganJamie", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Morgan, Jamie", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. British photographer of music stars, album covers, founder of London's creative collective Buffalo.", + "date": "active after 1980", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiGuo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Guo", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Wenxian, Henan Province; council member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 里果 ", -"date": "born 1933", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorganJayP", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Morgan, Jay P.", + "comment": "Morgan, Jay P.; Slanted Lens, Santa Monica; Los Angeles: J.P. Morgan Pictures; General Publishing Group, 1997. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiHan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Han", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist, organized an avant-garde group called the Black Union of Southwest Lu (Luxinan heise lianmeng) in Heze, Shandong Province, in November 1985. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorganWallsandClements", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Morgan, Walls and Clements", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Los Angeles firm consisting of partners Octavius Morgan, John Walls and Stiles Oliver Clements known for their art deco designs and the Richfield Tower in LA. Know as Morgan & Walls at the end of the 19th century.", + "date": "last quarter 19th century to second quarter 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiHua", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Hua", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). Born in Guangzhou to a merchant family and a key organizer of the Society for Research on Modern Creative Prints, otherwise known as the Modern Woodcut Society (Xiandai banhua hui) that published eighteen issues of Modern Woodcut between 1934 and 1936.", -"date": "1907-1994", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoriGyokusen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mori, Gyokusen", + "comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", + "date": "1791-1864", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiHuanmin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Huanmin", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Beijing. council member of the Chinese Artists' Association, vice-president of Sichuan branch of the Chinese Artists' Association, council member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; original name: He Guoru; alternate name: 李焕民", -"date": "born 1930", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorikawaToen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Morikawa, Toen", + "comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. was a master of the ittobori, or single knife stroke technique of carving.", + "date": "1820-1894", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiHuayi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Huayi", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorinandLongwood", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Morin and Longwood", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiJingyang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Jingyang", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", -"date": "active ca. 1975", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiJun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Jun", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1931-1949 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981;. alternate name: 力军", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorinRoiL", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Morin, Roi L.", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. draftsman for Herman Brookman", + "date": "active 1930s-1950s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiKan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Kan", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32k24 Alternate names: Li K'an, 李衎 Yuan dynasty (b Beijing, 1244; d Yangzhou, Zhejiang province, 1320). Chinese painter and government official. He was born in northern China after the Mongols had taken over that area from the Jürchen Jin dynasty (1115–1234) but before they had conquered southern China. As a result he spent his life serving under the Mongol Yuan dynasty, which ruled China from 1279 to 1368. From a modest family, he began as a petty official and was gradually promoted to become one of the highest officials at court. As a boy he had studied the paintings of Wang Danyou and his father Wang Tingyun, the greatest painter of bamboo during the Jin period. Their work led him to study that of Wen Tong, the originator of the literati tradition of bamboo painting during the Northern Song period (960–1127). Absorbing these examples, Li developed his own style and came to be recognized as the great bamboo painter of the early Yuan period. In his wide travels in southern China and in Annam (now Vietnam), where he acted as an envoy, he studied the many different species of bamboo and in 1307 completed Zhupu xianglu (‘Bamboo manual’). Combining the study of paintings of the old masters as models with observation of bamboo in its natural habitat, he was able to achieve a new synthesis in this genre. Li Kan first travelled to Yangzhou on the River Yangzi in southern Jiangsu Province around 1281. Having grown up in the north, he became completely taken with the contrasting culture of the south, which still retained the cultural and artistic brilliance that had been developed during the Southern Song period (1127–1279), especially in Lin’an (Hangzhou), the old dynastic capital. He was particularly interested in the literati painting tradition and, with such northern artists as Gao Kegong and Xianyu Shu (?1257–1302), became an admirer of the southern tradition. He befriended many southern scholars and painters, especially Zhao Mengfu, and took up residence in Yangzhou, where he eventually died after having returned to the capital, Dadu (Khanbalik, now Beijing), for some years to serve at court. Among his surviving works are two handscrolls that were originally one, but which were probably separated during the Ming period (1368–1644): Bamboo (ink on paper; Kansas City, MO, Nelson–Atkins Mus. A.), which depicts two clumps of bamboo; and The Four Purities (ink on paper, 1307; Beijing, Pal. Mus.), which portrays bamboos, orchids, wutong trees and rocks. These scrolls represent the full range of techniques employed by Li when depicting bamboo in monochrome ink and his keen eye for the subtleties that differentiate the species. Many of his bamboo compositions, mounted as hanging scrolls and mostly executed in ink on silk, are now in the collections of the Palace Museum, Beijing, the Nanjing Museum, the Guangdong Provincial Museum, Guangzhou, the National Palace Museum, Taipei, the Imperial Household Collection, Tokyo, and the Metropolitan Museum, New York. Some show his technique of drawing the plants and leaves in outline and others exemplify his calligraphic technique, whereby such elements as leaves and stem segments are executed in a single stroke. Both types combine realism with the symbolic expression of literati feeling and aspirations, as do his paintings of tall pines (e.g. Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.; Indianapolis, IN, Mus. A.). Li Kan’s contribution to the history of bamboo painting lies in his revival of an interest in the literati tradition of Wen Tong and Su Shi in the early Yuan period and in his combination of the northern and southern traditions in bamboo to form a new tradition, which became established as one of the mainstreams of bamboo painting. --DOA", -"date": "1245 - 1320", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoritaKeiichi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Morita, Kei'ichi", + "comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiKeran", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Keran", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32k27r22 Alternate names: Li K'o-jan, 李可染 Modern (b Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 26 March 1907; d Beijing, 5 Dec 1989). Chinese painter. The son of a poor peasant family, Li studied painting under Pan Tianshou in 1923 at the Shanghai Academy of Fine Art, then in 1929 enrolled in graduate studies in oil painting and drawing at the National Academy of Art in Hangzhou, Jiangsu Province. The director of the Academy, Lin fengmian, was a modernist who helped to introduce Western art techniques to China. While in Hangzhou, Li Keran practised Chinese painting and studied art theory on his own. As a political activist he also joined the Eighteen Society, a progressive art group inspired by Lu Xun. In 1932 he returned to Xuzhou to teach in a private art school. When war broke out with Japan in 1937, Li moved first to Wuhan, Hubei Province, and then, after the death of his wife, Su E, to Chongqing, Sichuan Province, where he organized groups of artists to participate in anti-Japanese activities. It was in Chongqing that he developed his own style based on traditional Chinese painting. His familiar renditions of herd boys and water buffaloes date from this period. Softness of Twilight (Chang, p. 101) shows an inky buffalo tethered in the foreground and two boys in the background perched on a tree, playing flutes. The traditional subject is playfully rendered, with a mastery of suffused and modelled ink that Li later transferred to landscapes. In 1943 Li married Zhou Peizhu and taught Chinese painting at the Chongqing National Art College. In 1946, he accepted Xu Beihong’s invitation to teach at the Beiping [Beijing] Academy of Art and moved to Beijing, where he studied with Qi Baishi and Huang Binhong. When the Central Academy of Fine Arts was founded in 1950, he was appointed Professor of Chinese painting, a post that he held until his death in 1989. During the 1950s Li Keran took a number of government-sponsored trips to various provinces in China and began to paint landscapes such as Road to Shu (Chang, p. 103). The government policy of sponsoring Chinese artists’ travel was meant to foster Socialist Realism, but Li resisted the pressure to paint in that style and held to the traditional Chinese theory that individual interpretation is more important than form. He wrote that ‘it is idiotic to imitate nature slavishly in the style of those who tend toward naturalism. It should be noted that the artist paints not only what he sees, but what he knows … [He] relies not only on his senses … but what is more important, on thought.’ (Li K’o-jan, 1959, p. 146). In an article published in Chinese Literature in 1961 Li also protested against the idea that peasants and workers could become painters simply because their ideology was sound, pointing out that consistent and long-term training was needed to become a professional artist. In the early 1960s Li finally succumbed to political pressure. In Ten Thousand Crimson Hills (1964; see Mayching Kao, pl. 2) the monumental mountain is presented in a traditional composition, but the foliage is ablaze with red, the colour of revolutionary fervour, and the title is an obvious allusion to one of Mao’s poems. In 1964 Li also wrote a favourable review of the People’s Liberation Army exhibition in Beijing, probably under pressure to atone for his earlier criticism. Despite his efforts to appear politically correct, during the Cultural Revolution (1966–76) Li was not allowed to paint but performed manual labour in the countryside along with his colleagues from the Central Academy. When Zhou Enlai commissioned artists in late 1971 to decorate Beijing’s hotels and state buildings with traditional Chinese paintings, Li Keran briefly came back into political favour, painting such works for the government as a large painting of the Li River for the Minzu Hotel. His paintings from the early 1970s are full, rich mountain landscapes built up through layers of saturated ink. Many of them are political, such as Marching through Loushan Pass at Sunset (see Cohen, pl. 343), which shows an episode from the Long March and illustrates a poem by Mao. However, in 1974 Jiang Qing mounted another attack on traditional Chinese painters, and Li Keran was castigated as a ‘black painter’. His work Mountain Village after Rain (see Laing, pl. 13), a masterful contrast of subtly modelled ink wash, mountains and misty water with neat white houses and bright pink cherry blossoms, was censured as nothing but black ink and black water. In the early 1980s Li returned to the spontaneous and warmly humorous style of non-political figure painting he had used in the 1940s. Playfulness in the Autumn (1982; see Lim, pl. 22) shows two herd boys playing while their water buffaloes sleep. Laughing Monk (1983; see Lim, pl. 21) shows a fat, jovial monk laughing at the cares of the world. Later in the decade he painted more of the dark, full, richly coloured landscapes that he had first begun to experiment with in the 1950s, bringing them at last to full fruition. --DOA", -"date": "1907 - 1989", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiLantai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Lantai", -"comment": "Rawski, Evelyn S. and Jessica Rawson; China: The Three Emperors, 1662-1795, London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2005. ", -"date": "fl. ca. 1738-1786", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Moritoshi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moritoshi", + "comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiLiufang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Liufang", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32l42f24 Alternate names: Li Liu-fang, 李流芳 Ming dynasty (b She xian, Anhui Province, 1575; d 1629). Chinese painter and poet. His family moved to Jiading, now part of Shanghai, where he spent most of his life. Li received his juren degree in 1606 and twice attempted the higher examinations, failing the first and arriving late for the second, which disqualified him. Having the means, he chose to abandon pursuit of a government career to lead a cultured life of leisure. He built a house and garden in Nanxiang, near Jiading, called Tan yuan (Sandalwood Garden) after the sandalwood trees that grew there, using the garden’s name thereafter as one of his hao names. He is classed, along with Tang Shisheng (1551–1636), Lou Jian (d 1631) and Cheng Jiasu (1565–1644), as one of the Four Gentlemen of Jiading. All were well-known poets, and Li and Cheng were painters. Li is not known as a calligrapher, although he had an adequately trained hand in a style based on that of Su Shi. In seal-carving, contemporaries praised him as the rival of He Shen ( fl c. 1573–1620). However, while He Shen turned to Han-period (206 bc–ad 220) seals as models (see China, §XIII, 24), carving intaglio and deliberately wrecking surfaces to give an antique flavour, Li typically carved in relief, in the more conservative style used by Zhao Mengfu of the 13th and 14th centuries and Wen Peng of the 16th. Li also enjoyed carving bamboo. In painting Li is best known as a landscapist. Almost 100 of his works are recorded, and his dated paintings, according to Guo Weichu (1908–71), range from 1614 to 1628. His acknowledged model was the Yuan (1279–1368) master Wu zhen. One landscape, Thin Forest and Distant Mountains (Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.), is typical of his style. Although, like Wu Zhen, Li favoured a brush loaded with wet wash, his schematic composition, with its abbreviation and repetition of elements, was far closer to the work of Dong Qichang, the most influential painter of the period. In a vertical format, a few meagre trees, rooted in a small island of rocks, stretch up over the expanse of water behind to overlap a distant mountain. The viewer’s gaze is drawn straight up the picture. Black dabs of ink in the foreground foliage, repeated on the surface of the mountain, reinforce the vertical line. The result is a compact, tightly knit work. Although Li’s paintings had a limited range of style and composition and lacked the weight and intricacy of line and texture found in artists of greater talent, he was capable of producing work of fresh, nonchalant elegance. His son, Li Hangzhi (d 1644), painted in a similar style. --DOA", -"date": "1575 - 1629", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiMuer", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Muer", -"comment": "Cohen, Joan Lebold; New Chinese Painting, 1949-1986, New York: Harry Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1987. Chinese painter from Quanzhou, Fujian province; member of the Southern Fujian Art Group during the Cultural Revolution", -"date": "b. 1953", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoriyaNobuo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moriya, Nobuo", + "comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. A furniture designer and interior decorator. ", + "date": "1893–1927", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiPingfan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Pingfan", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Tianjin; original name: Li Wenkun; alternate names: Li Ken, 李平凡 ", -"date": "born 1922", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoriyamaDaidoh", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moriyama, Daidoh", + "comment": "Szarkowski, John and Shoji Yamagishi; New Japanese Photography, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1974. ", + "date": "born 1938", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiQi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Qi", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -"date": "born 1928", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoriyamaYoshihei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moriyama, Yoshihei", + "comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", + "date": "1854-1915", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiQue", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Que", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32q36 Alternate names: Li Ch'üeh, 李確 Song dynasty Pupil of Liang Kai. Painted landscapes. --Seymour", -"date": "active mid 13th century ", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoroChristoforoDogeofVenice", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moro, Christoforo, Doge of Venice", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1390-1471", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiQun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Qun", -"comment": "Laing, Ellen Johnston; Winking Owl: Art from the People's Republic of China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988 (0520060970). from Shanxi, woodcut artist; alternate name: 力群", -"date": "born 1912", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoroderSilvia", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moroder, Silvia", + "comment": "George, Michael and Consuelo M. Correcher; Gardens of Spain, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1993. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiRongjin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Rongjin", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32r29j32 Alternate names: Li Jung-chin, 李容瑾 Yuan dynasty Specialized in boundary painting, followed Wang Zhenpeng. --Seymour", -"date": "active 1300-1350", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorozovAnatoly", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Morozov, Anatoly", + "comment": "Vartanov, Anri Surenovich, et al.; Antologiia sovetskoĭ fotografii, t. 1, Moskva: Izd-vo "Planeta", 1986. ", + "date": "1911-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiRuiqing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Ruiqing", -"comment": "Fong, Wen; Between Two Cultures: Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Chinese Paintings From the Robert H. Ellsworth Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; New Haven: Metropolitan Museum of Art; Yale University Press, 2001. ", -"date": "1867-1920", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorrillSusie", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Morrill, Susie", + "comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. American photographer", + "date": "b. 1960", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiShan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Shan", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. Chinese painter, part of the No Name group and the Yuyuantan Lake School of Painting (Yuyuantan huapai) b. Heilongjiang province, PRC Shanghai Drama Institute, 1968", -"date": "b. 1942", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorrisHWhitehouseandAssociates", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Morris H. Whitehouse & Associates", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. During the early 1920s, Whitehouse practiced under the firm name of Morris H. Whitehouse, Architect. In 1926, the name was changed to Morris H. Whitehouse & Associates after he established a partnership with A. Glenn Stanton and Walter E. Church. Significant projects from this period include Temple Beth Israel, the United States Courthouse, and Multnomah Civic Stadium in Portland, Or. In 1932, the firm became known as Whitehouse, Stanton & Church, but Stanton left to start his own firm in 1935. In 1936, Whitehouse & Church lost a competition to design the new Oregon State Capitol, but they supervised its construction, which was completed in 1938. The firm designed the Oregon State Library, which was completed in 1939.", + "date": "1926-1932", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiShaoyan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Shaoyan", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. from Shandong; alternate name: 李少言", -"date": "1918-2002", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorrisD", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Morris, D.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiShida", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Shida", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32s43d22 Alternate names: Li Shih-ta, 李士達 Ming dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province; fl c. 1580–1620). Chinese painter. He earned his living by painting both landscapes and figures and was heir to the late Wu school painting tradition. His paintings display an impressive range of styles and subjects from literati themes, as in Gazing Out from a Pavilion in the Mountains (ink and colour on paper; 1618; Tokyo, Seikadō Bunko), to more careful and conservative compositions of figures in landscapes, such as Tao Yuanming Appreciating Chrysanthemums (ink and colour on silk; 1619; Ann Arbor, U. MI, Mus. A.). The former demonstrate a subtle and accomplished handling of brush and ink with minimal use of colour, capturing the naturalistic aspects of mountain scenery. The latter are tightly constructed parodies of inherited conventions. Usually, the composition is divided into three sections from bottom to top with an exaggerated middle ground of water, a practice that dates back to the Yuan period (1279–1368). In the Ann Arbor painting, the water is delineated by the archaic fishnet pattern that originated in the Tang period (ad 618–907). A decorative effect is achieved through the repetition of the waves and the repeated application of twisting hemp-fibre texture strokes ( pima cun) to describe the rock surfaces. The elongated proportions of the scroll and use of attenuated pine trees reflect the influence of Wu School artists Wen Zhengming and Qiu Ying. The painting depicts the famous poet–statesman Tao Yuanming (ad 365–427), who became the archetypal literatus, idealized because he retired early from his government position to pursue his own interests of writing and growing chrysanthemums. The figures are drawn in fine lines and colours with mannered and distorted features and proportions. The heads appear strangely flattened; the figures are portly and humorous. Li’s bizarre figure style influenced his contemporary Sheng Maoye. --DOA", -"date": "active ca. 1573 - 1619", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiShizhuo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Shizhuo", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32s43h44 Alternate names: Li Shih-cho, 李世倬 Qing dynasty From Manchuria. Pupil of Wang Hui and Ma Yi. Painted figures after Wu Daozi and birds after his uncle, Gao Qipei. Also, flowers, fruit and inscriptions. --Seymour", -"date": "b. ca. 1690 - 1770", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorrisJane", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Morris, Jane", + "comment": "Fairclough, Oliver and Emmeline Leary; Textiles by William Morris and Morris & Co., 1861-1940, London, Westfield, NJ: Thames and Hudson, Eastview Editions, 1981. ", + "date": "active 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiShunxiao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Shunxiao", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Li Shun-hsiao ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorrisRosemary", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Morris, Rosemary", + "comment": "Greene, Rachel; Internet Art, London: Thames & Hudson, 2004. ", + "date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiShutong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Shutong", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorrisonACraig", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Morrison, A. Craig", + "comment": "O'Gorman, James F.; Architecture of Frank Furness, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1973. ", + "date": "third quarter 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiSixun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Sixun", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32s55x37 Alternate names: Li Ssu-hsün, 李思訓 Tang dynasty (b c. ad 653; d 718). He was a member of the imperial family of the Tang dynasty and held various civil and military government positions, including Great General of the Left Militant Guard (c. 713), earning the nickname Great General Li (Da Li Jiangjun). The period during which Li was active was one of the most flourishing in the cultural and artistic history of China. Figure painting reached its peak with the famous 8th-century ad artist Wu daozi, while landscape was established as a major independent category. During this formative stage, Li Sixun was regarded as one of the most influential landscape painters. In his Lidai minghua ji (‘Record of famous painters of successive generations’, preface ad 847) Zhang Yanyuan records that the transformation of landscape painting began with Wu Daozi and was perfected by Li Sixun and (2) Li Zhaodao. Although this is impossible as Li Sixun probably died before Wu started his career, it indicates the esteem in which he was held. Writing c. ad 840 in the Tangchao minghua lu (‘Record of famous painters of the Tang period’), Zhu Jingxuan classified painters according to their ability and placed Li in the lower grade of the ‘inspired class’. Zhu also related that Emperor Xuanzong (reg 712–56) was extremely impressed by landscapes that Li had painted on some palace screens and walls: he said he could hear the sound of water from them and that Li was the foremost painter of the Tang dynasty. An alternative version tells how Wu Daozi and Li were invited to paint landscapes in a hall in Datong (now in Sichuan Province). While commending them both on their magnificent attainments, the emperor noted ‘Li Sixun’s achievement of many months and Wu Daozi’s work of a single day’, contrasting Li’s meticulous craftsmanship with the inspired spontaneous technique of Wu. This fictitious anecdote would have been forgotten had it not been for the influence it exerted on later critics of Li’s style. Written sources are the only reliable testimony for Li’s work. His paintings were copied at an early date, and no extant paintings fully represent his style. The unsigned hanging scroll Pavilions and River with Sails (Jiangfan louge tu; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) was first attributed to Li by the Qing-period (1644–1911) collector An Qi, and although this landscape is undoubtedly early, it is impossible to substantiate the attribution. A cluster of paintings centering on the unsigned handscroll (Emperor Minghuang’s Journey to Shu) is usually regarded as typical of his style. The painting has been claimed to depict Emperor Xuanzong’s flight to Sichuan after the rebellion of An Lushan in ad 756. A painting of this motif was attributed to Li Sixun by Su Shi—anachronistically, as Sixun died almost 40 years before the revolt. Later scholars have reattributed the composition to Li Zhaodao. Certain features indicate that the Taipei version illustrated was based on a Tang-period original. The structure of the rocks is reminiscent of wall paintings in the tombs of the princes Yide and Zhanghuai at Qian xian, in Shaanxi Province, executed by court painters during the early 8th century; so too is the manner of rendering distance by showing figures half-hidden by hills and promontories. The swirling clouds fit the descriptions of the way in which Li painted clouds and mists, and the narrative richness is also typical of early Chinese landscape painting. The brushwork is, however, of much later date. Finally, the pleasant atmosphere of the composition is not in keeping with the subject-matter of the title, and it is doubtful whether any member of the imperial house would depict such a humiliating event. While no Tang source describes Li’s paintings as especially decorative, he was later renowned for colourful and painstaking landscapes executed in the Gold-and-green manner. In the 13th century the connoisseur Zhao Xigu was the first to connect this manner with the two Li, specifically with Li Zhaodao. The 14th-century writer Tang Hou, on the other hand, considered Li Sixun to be the first exponent of the technique. When the influential artist and theorist Dong Qichang developed his theories of the Northern and Southern schools in painting, in the 16th and 17th centuries, he selected Li Sixun as the grand ancestor of the Northern school, chiefly for the elaborate and decorative paintings that were said to be preferred by the court and the merchant class. --DOA", -"date": "651 - 716", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorrisonDarrel", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Morrison, Darrel", + "comment": "Benedikt, Michael; Overland Partners: Building on Values: Costruire sui valori, Milan: L'Arca Edizioni, 2002. landscape architect", + "date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiSong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Song", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32s56 Alternate names: Li Sung, 李嵩 Song dynasty Started as a carpenter, but was adopted by painter Li Congxun. Became dai-zhao in the Academy of Painting. Boundary paintings and figures, followed Liu Songnian and Zhao Buju. --Seymour", -"date": "active ca. 1190 - 1230", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorrocchiConstantino", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Morrocchi, Constantino", + "comment": "Chatfield, Judith; Classic Italian Garden, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1991. ", + "date": "active mid 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiTang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Tang", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32t25 Alternate names: Li T'ang, 李唐 Song dynasty (b Heyang, Henan Province, 1050s; d after 1130). Chinese painter. Li was the oldest and most influential painter to make the transition from the Painting Academy of the Northern Song (960–1127) emperor Huizong (reg 1101–26) in Bianliang (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) to the Southern Song (1127–1279) court in Lin’an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province). It was there, while in his 80s, that he introduced an entirely new approach that became the basis for the influential traditions of Southern Song landscape painting (see China, §V, 3(iv)). Li Tang apparently occupied no official position in Bianliang, although he was very highly regarded and held the rank of painter in attendance (daizhao) in the Imperial Painting Academy. In 1126 the Song court was forced to flee south from the invading Jürchen nomads, who ruled northern China during the Jin period (1115–1234). Before his arrival at the Southern Song court of the emperor Gaozong (reg 1127–63) Li took refuge from the fighting in the woods, where he met his future pupil, the robber Xiao Zhao. According to Deng Chun’s Hua ji (‘Painting continued’; preface dated 1167), Li was already 80 years old when he left Bianliang for Lin’an. There he was appointed head of the Southern Song Painting Academy and was awarded its highest honour, the jindai (‘golden belt’). Li Tang did not merely transmit the official style of the Northern Song Academy. He was an independent genius who continued to develop stylistically as well as technically throughout his career. Later critics claimed that he attained full artistic freedom only at the end of his life. The bulk of his work appears to have been completed in Bianliang, but he exerted a major influence on the new style of landscape painting developed at the new Academy, later referred to as the Ma–Xia school after its two most prominent representatives, Ma Yuan and Xia Gui. Li’s influence was twofold: his innovative use of monochrome ink in graded washes was especially influential for Ma Yuan, who modelled his rock and cliff structures after those of the older master; he also introduced a compositional format that reinterpreted conceptual space by presenting an oblique view of the landscape. This projected a diagonal thrust into the compositional distance in a daring, new, simplified organization of pictorial elements. In his Hua shanshui jue (‘Secrets of painting landscape’; preface dated 1221), the painter Li Chengsou (c. 1150–after 1221) stated that the essential element of Li Tang’s ‘change of style’ was the way in which he rendered space through the balance of emptiness and fullness. Recognizing the importance of Li’s work, he went on to say that ‘many men of ancient and modern times have reached a high standard as landscape painters …Each one established his own style …Many later men have followed after, but only Li Tang and Xiao Zhao have transformed their styles and in one swoop surpassed all modern and ancient men by their terse, light and swift manner of painting. They are, indeed, of the divine [shen] class’ (Sirén, pp. 92–3). Li Tang’s creative versatility was readily apparent throughout his long career. While he is said to have painted in the more decorative and professionally orientated blue-and-green technique in his early years, there is no evidence of this in his later landscapes, except possibly in his somewhat mannered textural brushwork. However, as a mark of his favour the emperor Gaozong gave the artist the name Tang Li, implying that he was comparable to the Tang (618–907) painter Li sixun, the foremost practitioner of the blue-and-green manner. The graded washes that dominated his later style mark a sharp contrast with such earlier tight rendering. He is best known as a landscape painter, but he was also commended for his ability to paint other subjects. Ming (1368–1644) critics such as Zhang Chou equated the quality of his figure painting with that of his landscapes. Zhang wrote in the [Qinghe] shuhua fang (‘The Qinghe boat-studio of painting and calligraphy’; preface dated 1616) that ‘Li Tang was a good painter of human figures and landscapes …he excelled even more in painting oxen, following in this the manner of Dai Song’ (Sirén, p. 95). In the Shu hua ji (‘Record of calligraphy and paintings’; completed by Wu Qizhen c. 1677) Li’s scroll depicting a scholar playing the qin (zither) is described as having a rendering so vivid that one ‘could hear the sound of the water as well as that of the qin’ (Sirén, p. 95). Li was consistently praised for his ability to paint rustic scenes as well as buffalo, both of which were popular themes during the Southern Song period. Unfortunately, the weakness of execution of some extant paintings of these subjects suggests that these may be later copies. Two of Li’s paintings are in the Kōtōin (Kyoto, Daitokuji). They are undated and only one is signed. The paintings were probably cut down, which has altered the proportion of the original compositions, but the brushwork and asymmetrical composition suggest that they belong to the last phase of Li’s development. The signed and dated Wind in the Pines amid Myriad Ravines (see fig.) was painted in Bianliang and may be said to mark a middle stage in his stylistic development. In composition it reflects a derivation from the traditions of Fan kuan in a revival of the heroic style, combined with influences from the traditions of Northern Song monumental landscape painting and the introduction of a new and more intimate portrayal of nature. Moreover, Fan’s tradition of brushwork has been hardened into mannered patterns painted in fupi cun (‘axe-cut texture stroke’) with a relatively stiff brush from which the ink has been squeezed out, known as cabi, which leaves the impression of diagonal stratification. While the earlier focus on a centralized axis is retained, it nevertheless indicates the direction of future developments. Li’s influence on the painting of the Southern Song did not continue into the Yuan period (1279–1368). However, his use of ink and compositional devices—as treated by the Ma–Xia school—again came into prominence with the development of the Zhe school during the Ming period. Daijin and Tang Yin are among the leading Ming artists whose works reveal the depth of this revival of Li’s style. --DOA", -"date": "ca. 1050 - after 1130", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MortonDigby", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Morton, Digby", + "comment": "Torrens, Deborah; Fashion Illustrated: A Review of Women's Dress, 1920-1950, New York: Hawthorne Books, Inc. Publishers, 1975. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiXiaobin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Xiaobin", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist who founded the April Photo Society in April 1979 with Wang Zhiping.", -"date": "active ca. 1975", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiXinggang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Xinggang", -"comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Chinese architect, currently working for China Architecture Design & Research Group", -"date": "active 1990-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MortonDigbyHenry", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Morton, Digby Henry", + "comment": "Torrens, Deborah; Fashion Illustrated: A Review of Women's Dress, 1920-1950, New York: Hawthorne Books, Inc. Publishers, 1975. British fashion designer, designed for the Jacqmar Collection, Hathaway Shirt Company (New York) and designer/director of Reldan-Digby Morton", + "date": "1906-1983", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiXiqin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Xiqin", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Hunan Province, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 李习勤", -"date": "born 1932", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MortonML", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Morton, M. L.", + "comment": "Name used by John Reynolds, architect, Eugene, Oregon. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiXiu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Xiu", -"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Shiping, Yunnan province", -"date": "born 1943", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MortonP", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Morton, P.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiXizhi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Xizhi", -"comment": "China Publications Center; Modern Chinese Woodcuts, Beijing: Guozi Shudian, 1965. alternate name: Li Hsi-chin", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiYanpeng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Yanpeng", -"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Hebei province", -"date": "born 1958", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MosbacherAenne", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mosbacher, Aenne", + "comment": "Foster, Hal. Art since 1900 : Modernism, Antimodernism, Postmodernism. London : Thames & Hudson, 2004. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiYanping", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Yanping", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Tibetan artist who led an avant-garde art group. This group displayed works that combined modern abstract styles and Tibetan Buddhist images and themes.", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiYaofu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Yaofu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32y26f32 Alternate names: Li Yao-fu, 李東 Yuan dynasty, unrecorded Painted figures. --Seymour", -"date": "13th - 14th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Mosfilm", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mosfilm", + "comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. film studio", + "date": "1923-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiYe", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Ye", -"comment": "Blakesley, Rosalind; Arts and Crafts Movement, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2006. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Moskontsert", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moskontsert", + "comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. Moscow State Concert Association", + "date": "active 1977", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiYihe", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Yihe", -"comment": "Grousset, Rene; Art of the Far East, New York; Toronto: Iris Books; Oxford University Press, 1936. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MostMedia", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Most Media", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiYin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Yin", -"comment": "Weidner, Marsha, Ellen Johnston Laing, Irving Yucheng Lo, Christina Chu, and James Robinson; Views from Jade Terrace: Chinese Women Artists 1300-1912, Indianapolis: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 1988 (0847810038). l32y29 Alternate names: Li Yin, 李堯夫 Qing dynasty From Hangzhou, Zhejiang province. Parents made her study poetry and painting as a child and had established a reputation by 15. Concubine to Ge Zhengqi, who became Vice Minister of the Court of IMperial Entertainments in Beijing. At the capital she was able to study famous works of art and practiced painting and calligraphy with Ge. Retired to the south and enjoyed a close relationship until his death. She became Buddhist and supported herself by her art, which continued to receive acclaim. Subsequent scholars and critics continues to praise her work centuries after her death. Excelled as a flower painter. --Weidner Painted landscapes, flowers, birds in the style of Chen Shun. --Seymour ", -"date": "1616 - 1685", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiYitai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Yitai", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Wuxing, Zhejiang Province; alternate name: 李以泰", -"date": "born 1944", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MotherArt", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mother Art", + "comment": "Broude, Norma and Mary D. Garrar, eds.; Power of Feminist Art: the American Movement of the 1970s, History and Impact, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiYongbin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Yongbin", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Beijing.", -"date": "b. 1963", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiZai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Zai", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32z23 Alternate names: Li Tsai, 李在 Ming dynasty (b Putian, Fujian Province; d 1431). Chinese painter. He became one of the leading court painters in the reign of the Xuande emperor (reg 1426–35) and one of the forerunners of the Zhe school. The Japanese monk–painter Tōyō Sesshū, who visited China in 1468, called him one of the most important masters of the period. Together with Xia Zhi, a student of Dai jin, and Ma Shi, he painted a long handscroll in 11 scenes (see fig.) that illustrated couplets from a famous poem by Tao Yuanming, showing the elegant figure of the poet at various stages on his return to his native village. Each scene presents a vignette rather than a complete landscape, with quite large figures and landscape details, both exhibiting a brilliant command of the brush in the style of the Southern Song (1127–1279) academy. Li Zai’s monumental landscape style, based on the imposing compositions of the Northern Song period (960–1127), admirably exemplified Ming-period (1368–1644) aspirations to emulate painting of that period. Landscape (Tokyo, N. Mus.) may be compared with Guo Xi’s famous Early Spring of 1072 (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.; for illustration see Guo xi). A pair of great pine trees stand at the centre of the painting, against a backdrop of tall peaks; the latter, however, are flattened and silhouetted in a way that differs markedly from the complex organization of Guo Xi’s painting. In 1982 two of Li Zai’s paintings, as well as paintings by Xia Chang, were found during the excavation in Huaian County, Jiangsu Province, of the tomb of Wang Zhen (1424–96). Both are album leaves: one depicts misty hills and rivers in the amorphous style of Mi Youren (see Mi, (2)), while the other, somewhat different in style from his other works, shows a day-lily. The paintings, now in the Premier Zhou Enlai Museum, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, reveal a greater range in Li Zai’s style than was hitherto known. --DOA", -"date": "active ca. 1426 - 1431", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Moulin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moulin", + "comment": "Polhemus, Ted; Street Style: from Sidewalk to Catwalk, London: Thames and Hudson, 1994. Parisian lithographer", + "date": "active mid 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiZhanyang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Zhanyang", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Beijing; graduated 1994 from Luzun Academy and in 1999 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing; lives and works in Chongqing.", -"date": "b. 1969", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoulinWilfred", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moulin, Wilfred", + "comment": "Polhemus, Ted; Street Style: from Sidewalk to Catwalk, London: Thames and Hudson, 1994. fashion photographer", + "date": "active ca. 1990", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiZhaodao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Zhaodao", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32z37d26 Alternate names: Li Chao-tao, 李昭道 Tang dynasty (b c. ad 675; d 730). Son of (1) Li Sixun. He was appointed to the position of vice-president of the Right Grand Secretariat of the crown prince, but little else is known of his life. Whether he actually served in the army cannot be confirmed, but he came to be called Xiao Li Jiangjun (Little General Li) to distinguish him from his father, (1) Li Sixun, called Da Li Jiangjun (Great General Li). Later art critics preferred now one, now the other; but it has become impossible to differentiate between the two from the extant copies of their works available for study. Two extant works are usually suggested to be copies of paintings by Li Zhaodao as they have come to be closely identified with his traditions. The Picture of the Winding River (Ch’u Chiang T’u; hanging scroll, colours on silk, h. 1712 mm, w. 1113 mm; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) is a faithful re-creation of the 8th-century landscape style, with a strongly linear design developed by folded and fissured mountain forms. The more frequently reproduced Emperor Minghuang’s Journey to Shu (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.; for illustration see §(1) above) depicts an event that took place in 756, after Li Zhaodao’s death. There are other copies of the same composition, including one in Philadelphia (U. PA Mus.) in both vertical and horizontal format. --DOA", -"date": "active ca. 670 - 730", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MountWashingtonGlassCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mount Washington Glass Company", + "comment": "Edward Cooke. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiZhaoheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Zhaoheng", -"comment": "Ho, Wai-Kam and Judith G. Smith; Century of Tung Ch'i-Ch'ang, 1555-1636, v.1, Kansas City; Seattle; London: Nelson Atkins Museum of Art; University of Washington Press, 1992. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiZhen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Zhen", -"comment": "Miyagawa, Torao; Chinese Painting, First English edition, New York: Weatherhill, 1983. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoyauxConstant", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moyaux, Constant", + "comment": "Aillagon, Jean-Jacques; Rome and the Barbarians: The Birth of a New World, Milan: Skira editore, 2008. ", + "date": "active mid 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiZhengxuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Zhengxuan", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Li Cheng-hsuan", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MozzoniFamily", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mozzoni Family", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Milanese nobles", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiZhenhua", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Zhenhua", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Li Chen-hua", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiZhonggui", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Zhonggui", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MrFish", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mr Fish", + "comment": "Rothstein, Natalie; Four Hundred Years of Fashion, London: V&A Publications, 1984. London based clothing retailer, founded by Michael Fish", + "date": "founded 1966", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiZhu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Zhu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l32z47 Alternate names: Li Chu, 李著 Ming dynasty", -"date": "active ca. 1500", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MTAA", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "MTAA", + "comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiZongwan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Li, Zongwan", -"comment": "Ming Qing shan mian xuanji, Shanghai: Shang ren min mei shu chu ban she; Xin hua shu dian Shanghai fa xing suo fa xing, 1959. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiangDong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Liang, Dong", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Liaoning Province, member of the Chinese Art Association; alternate name: 梁栋 ", -"date": "born 1926", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MuChen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mu, Chen", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist from Liaoning Province; graduated from the People's University of China as a photojournalist; longtime collaboration with fellow-artist Shao Yinong.", + "date": "b. 1970", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiangHongtao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Liang, Hongtao", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MuGe", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mu, Ge", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Gansu Province, council member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 牧歌", + "date": "born 1929", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiangJingyu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Liang, Jingyu", -"comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Chinese architect located in Beijing.", -"date": "1969-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MuckCharles", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Muck, Charles", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiangJuhui", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Liang, Juhui", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist, born Guangzhou, Guangdong", -"date": "b. 1959", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Muhammad", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Muhammad", + "comment": "Falk, Toby, ed.; Treatures of Islam, London: Philip Wilson Publishers, Ltd., 1985 (0856671967). Qajar painter", + "date": "active ca. 1842", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiangKai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Liang, Kai", -"comment": "Takashina, Shuji, Tetsuro Kagesato and Hideo Tanaka; Yōga to Nihonga, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. Chinese painter. Although he originally painted in traditional styles, his later work became both more spontaneous in execution and more conceptual, in a manner that can be associated with the southern Chan (Jap. Zen) Buddhist approach to enlightenment (see Buddhism, §III, 8). Together with Muqi he became one of the best known painters of Chan subjects (see China, §V, 3(ii)(b)) of the late Southern Song period (1127–1279). According to the Tuhui baojian (‘Precious mirror for examining painting’) by Xia Wenyan (preface dated 1365), which is the basic source for all later references, Liang was a follower of Jia Shigu (fl 1130–60), an official from Bianliang (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), who served in the imperial painting academy at Lin’an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province) during the Shaoxing period (1131–61) of the reign of Gaozong (reg 1127–62). Liang was also a member of the Academy and between 1201 and 1204 held the rank of painter in attendance (daizhao). Although he was awarded the jindai (‘golden belt’), the highest honour given to members of the Academy, he appears to have subsequently resigned his official position. After leaving the court he went to live in Liutong si, a temple near Lin’an that was a centre of Chan painting. He did not go there for religious reasons but probably in protest against the bureaucracy and mainstream Chinese painting. Whatever the reason, his new painting style was far removed from his earlier Academic conservatism. All of his extant work, with the exception of two possible attributions, is to be found in Japan, where he exerted great influence on Zen painting (see also Japan, §VI, 4(vii)). Liang Kai’s retirement from official life marked a radical change in his artistic style. His early works are painted in the plain-line drawing (baimiao) traditions of Li gonglin as interpreted by Jia Shigu. His subjects included ghosts and celestial deities as well as Confucian and Daoist themes. An example of Liang’s early style may be seen in the Scholar of the Eastern Fence (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), which depicts the great poet Tao Yuanming (ad 365–427) in a conventional setting associated with the compositional techniques of Ma Yuan and Xia Gui. Liang was also proficient in the monumental landscape style of the Northern Song period (960–1279; see China, §V, 3(iv)(a)). His retreat from the capital marked the introduction of the spontaneous reduced brush (jianbi) technique, which is associated with Chan painting. He studied this new approach with a Chan master Wuzhun (1177–1249), a mediocre painter but a good calligrapher. Liang’s later work reveals a strong calligraphic influence in the total control of the ink tones and the flexibility of the brush. In the brevity and descriptiveness of his brushstrokes he exploits the properties of the ink and the brush to the full. Such brushwork is also related to literati painting traditions. A poem by the Chan monk Beijian (d 1246) relates Liang’s approach to painting: ‘Liang Kai treasured his ink as if it were gold. But when he got drunk [the valued drops of ink] could suddenly become a downpour’ (Encyclopedia of World Art, ix, p. 240). Such a release of inhibitions through alcohol provides yet another explanation for the radical change in his style. Liang Kai painted with strong brushstrokes, but he also utilized the wet ‘boneless’ technique (mogu), in which washes of graded ink tones define shape and form without lines, especially in the new genre referred to as pictures of Chan enlightenment (Chan ji tu). His painting of A Sage (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) is the only example of such a spontaneous style in the imperial collection. It is an imaginary portrait executed in the ‘splashed-ink’ (pomo) technique, with scratchy, wet strokes that flow into washes or wet areas in a process that is only partially controlled. The broad washes composing the Sage’s body contrast with the wispy lines that define the facial features. The Nan Song yuan hua lu (‘Record of the Southern Song Academy’, 1721), compiled by the poet and scholar Li O (1692–1752), notes that Liang Kai painted with wedge-like strokes (piena). This technique is especially obvious in Huineng, the Sixth Chan Patriarch, Chopping Bamboo at the Moment of Enlightenment (see fig.). Liang Kai painted a variety of traditional Buddhist themes, but none was as specifically connected with the Chan sect as this composition and another entitled Huineng, the Sixth Chan Patriarch, Tearing up a Sutra (Tokyo, T. Mitsui priv. col.), with which it is usually paired. Both paintings were apparently brought to Japan fairly soon after their completion but were later separated. In the first painting, which is largely conceptual in character, space is suggested by a single dry brushstroke that indicates the ground-plane and a fragmented tree trunk that establishes recession in the composition. The angular figure of the patriarch is created through a series of equally angular choplike ‘stake-head’ (juetou) strokes consistent with the chopping motion of the blade. Washes in graded ink tones give an impression of modelling. The energetic definition of the strong brushstrokes contrasts with the more delicate wispy hair and tightly defined features of the man’s face shown in profile consistent in style with the technique of A Sage. Both personify the Chan (Zen) search for enlightenment through action rather than holy scriptures. In contrast, a fluid line reflects the contemplative mood of another well-known composition, the portrait of the poet Li Bo (Tokyo, N. Mus.). -Grove Art Online", -"date": "1609 - 1660", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MuhammadalHusayniQajar", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Muhammad al-Husayni Qajar", + "comment": "Falk, Toby, ed.; Treatures of Islam, London: Philip Wilson Publishers, Ltd., 1985 (0856671967). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiangYan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Liang, Yan", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiaoKaiming", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Liao, Kaiming", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Chongqing; member of the Chinese Artists' Association, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association, member of May Print Association; alternate name: 廖开明 ", -"date": "born 1940", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MuhammadAli", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Muhammad 'Ali", + "comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. calligrapher Qajar", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiaoZongyi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Liao, Zongyi", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Chaozhou, Guangdong Province; alternate name: 廖宗怡", -"date": "born 1937", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MuhammadibnBadrJarjami", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Muhammad ibn Badr Jarjami", + "comment": "Metropolitan Museum of Art; Islamic World, Tokyo: Dai Nippon Printing Co., 1987. Son of the poet Badr ad-Din Jarjami", + "date": "active 1341", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiebermanH", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lieberman, H.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MuhammadIIISultanofGranada", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Muhammad III, Sultan of Granada", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Nasrid", + "date": "1256-1310", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Lightolier", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lightolier", -"comment": "Raizman, David S. History of Modern Design. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2004. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MuhammadMahdialYazdi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Muhammad Mahdi al-Yazdi", + "comment": "Falk, Toby, ed.; Treatures of Islam, London: Philip Wilson Publishers, Ltd., 1985 (0856671967). Safavid engraver", + "date": "active 1642-1643", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LigonGlenn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ligon, Glenn", -"comment": "Heartney, Eleanor; Art & Today, New York: Phaidon Press, Inc., 2008. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MuhammadMuquinalYazdi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Muhammad Muquin al-Yazdi", + "comment": "Falk, Toby, ed.; Treatures of Islam, London: Philip Wilson Publishers, Ltd., 1985 (0856671967). Safavid metalsmith", + "date": "active 1642-1643", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LilienbergAlbert", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lilienberg, Albert", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. City planner, Gothenburg Sweden", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MuhammadQasim", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Muhammad Qasim", + "comment": "Papadopoulo, Anlexandre; Islam and Muslim Art, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1979 (0810906414). Alternate names: Muḥammad Qāsim-i Tabrizi (possibly)", + "date": "d. 1659", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LilienbergIngrid", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lilienberg, Ingrid", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Landscape architect and city planner", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MuhammadRakhimIIKhan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Muhammad Rakhim II, Khan", + "comment": "Hattstein, Markus and Peter Delius; Islam: Art and Architecture, Cologne: Könemann, 2000. ", + "date": "r. 1865-1910", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LillGeorgeW", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lill, George W.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MuhammadSaidHafizalQari", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Muhammad Sa'id, Hafiz al-Qari", + "comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. ", + "date": "active 1390s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LillagoreTheodoreW", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lillagore, Theodore W.", -"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. ", -"date": "active ca. 1860", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MuhammadShahI", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Muhammad Shah I", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1358-1375", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinChun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lin, Chun", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l38c53 Alternate names: Lin Ch'un, 林椿 Song dynasty Painted flowers and birds, following Zhao Chang. --Seymour (Re: Li Di) In his style as well as his choice of subject-matter Li Di is very close to another Southern Song painter, Lin Chun (fl 12th–13th century), who also came from Qiantang near Hangzhou and who also served in the Imperial Painting Academy. --DOA", -"date": "12th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MuhammadYusuf", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Muhammad Yusuf", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Alternate name: Mir Muhammad Yusuf al-Husayni Musavvir", + "date": "f. 1636-1666", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinFengmian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lin, Fengmian", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -"date": "1900-1991", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MuhammadNusratuddin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Muhammad, Nusratuddin", + "comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. calligrapher", + "date": "1455", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinFu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lin, Fu", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Cangnan, Zhejiang Province; alternate name: 林夫", -"date": "1911-1942", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Muhammadi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Muhammadi", + "comment": "Encyclopaedia Britannica Online; Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.; Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.; http://www.britannica.com/. alternate name: Mirza Ali Safavid", + "date": "active 1548-1597", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinGang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lin, Gang", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -"date": "born 1924", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MuhammedIIbinKhayrunalMafiri", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Muhammed II bin Khayrun al-Mafiri", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Aghlabid ruler of al-Qayrawān (Kairouan)", + "date": "r. 863-875", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinGuang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lin, Guang", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l38g39 Alternate names: Lin Kuang, 林廣 Ming dynasty", -"date": "active ca. 1500", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MuhammedVSultanofGranada", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Muhammed V, Sultan of Granada", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Nasrid ruler of Granada", + "date": "1354-1359, 1362-1391", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinJun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lin, Jun", -"comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. born in Pinglu, Shanxi Province; original name, Pei Bingzhe", -"date": "born 1921", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MuhibbAli", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Muhibb-Ali", + "comment": "Simpson, Marianna Shreve; Sultan Ibrahim Mirza's Haft Awrang: A Princely Manuscript from Sixteenth-Century Iran, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997. Safavid calligrapher", + "date": "active 1560s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinJunfu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lin, Junfu", -"comment": "Yang Xiaoneng; Tracing the Past, Drawing the Future: Master Ink Painters in Twentieth-Century China, Milan: Continents Editions, 2010. Chinese poet", -"date": "1879-1942", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MukaiT", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mukai, T.", + "comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. ", + "date": "1899-1979", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinLei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lin, Lei", -"comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Chinese architect", -"date": "active 2000-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MukarowskyJosef", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mukarowsky, Josef", + "comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", + "date": "b. 1851", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinLiang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lin, Liang", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l38l35 Alternate names: Lin Liang, 林良 Ming dynasty (b Nanhai, Guangdong Province, c. 1416; d c. 1480). Chinese painter. He became a provincial administrator and was referred to the court during the reign of the Tianshun emperor (1457–64). He was later promoted to the Imperial Guard under the system of titles given to court painters in the early Ming period (1368–1644). His surviving works feature large subjects in monochrome ink, although he is recorded as having also been proficient in colours. He has been seen as chiefly influenced by Bian Wenjin (c. 1400–40), with whom he painted Cranes (hanging scroll, ink on silk, 1.74×0.87 m; Guangzhou, Guangdong Prov. Mus.). He is thought of as one of the foremost protagonists of the Zhe school, painting boldly in ink on silk, with no more than a signature inscribed on his works. Lin Liang also painted magpies, peacocks, pheasants and magnificent eagles, many of them almost filling his hanging scrolls. Birds Assembling in a Thicket (handscroll, ink on paper, 0.34×12.11 m; Beijing, Pal. Mus.) is the finest example of Lin Liang’s lively brushwork. The composition begins with sparrows flying towards the upper branches of a flowering plum in which orioles are singing, then moves deep into the midst of the thicket. Bamboo and a venerable pine dominate in the left half of the scroll, with a final bankside section depicting wading birds beneath rushes. Over 70 birds are shown in all attitudes, from sparrows and kingfishers to a single eagle in the branches of the pine tree. Geese and Reeds (hanging scroll, ink on silk, 1.88×0.99 m; London, BM) exemplifies his work in ink and wash on silk. It shows four geese in the foreground by a swiftly flowing stream. In the stream are small boulders or rocks edged with thick black ink; reeds grow in a dense tangle with a few blades of long grass on the bank, obscuring the view into the middle and far distance. Since the focus is on the foreground, the subjects are large—the two geese in the front are close to full size—yet the painting is not cluttered, owing to the unifying effect of the ink washes and lines. --DOA", -"date": "b. ca. 1416 -1480", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MüllerAlbin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Müller, Albin", + "comment": "Roder, Sabine, Gerhard Storck, and Michael Fehr; Deutsches Museum fur Kunst in Handel und Gewerbe, 1909-1919, Antwerp: Pandora, 1997. ", + "date": "1871-1941", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinLonghua", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lin, Longhua", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MüllerJ", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Müller, J.", + "comment": "Herz, Rudolf and Brigitte Bruns; Hof-Atelier Elvira, 1887-1928: Ästheten, Emanzen, Aristokraten, Munich: Munchner Stadtmuseum, 1985. ", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinShu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lin, Shu", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MüllerKarlLH", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Müller, Karl L. H.", + "comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinShuMin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lin, Shu-Min", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Taipei and resides in New York; studied at the Fu-Shin Arts School in Taipei and the New York Institute of Technology, 1991.", -"date": "born 1963", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinTianmiao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lin, Tianmiao", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Taiyuan, Shanxi, resides in Beijing; studied at Capital Normal University, Beijing and Art Students League, New York, 1989.", -"date": "born 1961", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MüllerTheodor", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Müller, Theodor", + "comment": "Roder, Sabine, Gerhard Storck, and Michael Fehr; Deutsches Museum fur Kunst in Handel und Gewerbe, 1909-1919, Antwerp: Pandora, 1997. silversmith in Weimar", + "date": "active ca. 1904", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinTinggui", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lin, Tinggui", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). Alternate names: Lin T'ing-kuei, 林庭珪 Song dynasty Two obscure painters of Ningbo, for instance, Zhou Jichang and Lin Tinggui (neither of them Chan Buddhists), responded in 1178 to a commission from Japan to produce the set of 100 hanging scrolls representing 500 arhats (all but 12 in Shinjuan, Daitokuji, Kyoto); they were painted in a style then current in the imperial academy in nearby Lin’an (modern Hangzhou). --DOA", -"date": "active ca. 1160 - 1180", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MullettAlfredBult", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mullett, Alfred Bult", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Portland architect", + "date": "1834-1890", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinYangzheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lin, Yangzheng", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. from Fujian Province, specializes in woodcut; alternate name: 林仰峥", -"date": "born 1923", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MumfordStephen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mumford, Stephen", + "comment": "Downing, Antoinette F. and Vincent J. Scully; Architectural Heritage of Newport Rhode Island: 1640-1915, 2nd edition, New York: Clarkson N. Potter Inc./Publisher, 1967. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinYilin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lin, Yilin", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Chinese artist, native of Guangzhou, Guangdong, member of China's avant-garde, co-founder of the Big-Tail-Elephant Group of collaborative artists, moved to the United States in 2001.", -"date": "b. 1964", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinYong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lin, Yong", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MundayRichard", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Munday, Richard", + "comment": "Downing, Antoinette F. and Vincent J. Scully; Architectural Heritage of Newport Rhode Island, 1640-1915, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1952. ", + "date": "1726-1739", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinZhiyao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lin, Zhiyao", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Fujian Province, member of Anhui branch of the Chinese Artists' Association, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 林之耀", -"date": "born 1942", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MunierRemi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Munier, Remi", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + "date": "second half 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LinZhuo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lin, Zhuo", -"comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Chinese architect", -"date": "active 2000-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MunsonJulia", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Munson, Julia", + "comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. ", + "date": "1875-1971", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LindeCarlL", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Linde, Carl L.", -"comment": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_L._Linde. ", -"date": "1884-1945", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MuozJuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Muoz, Juan", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LindstromJohn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lindstrom, John", -"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. 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", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Myoshun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Myoshun", + "comment": "Toda, Teisuke and Ryūsuke Asami; Zenshū jiin to teien : Nanbokuchō, Muromachi no kenchiku chōkoku kōgei, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu. 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Chinese peasant painter", -"date": "active third quarter 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NaessandMurphy", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Naess and Murphy", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. The firm Shaw, Naess and Murphy, founded by Alfred Shaw, Sigurd Naess and Charles F. Murphy in 1937, became Naess and Murphy, then C.F. Murphy Associates in 1957, and Murphy/Jahn in 1981. Gene R. Summers was Partner in Charge of Design at C.F. Murphy Associates from 1967 to 1973. Helmut Jahn joined C.F. Murphy Associates in 1967. He became Principal and Director of Planning and Design in 1973. C.F. Murphy Associates and Pace Associates were associated architectural firms with Ludwig Mies van der Rohe for Crown Hall (Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois), 1950-1956.", + "date": "until 1957", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuHuisheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Liu, Huisheng", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Liu Hui-sheng ", -"date": "active mid 20th century ", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NagahideNakamura", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nagahide, Nakamura", + "comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. Ukiyo-e printmaker in Kyōto-Ōsaka area. Alternate names: Nakamura Aritsune (or Arichika), Nagahide (Chōshū); Chōshūsai; Yūrakusai. ", + "date": "1804-1848", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuJack", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Liu, Jack", -"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. American photographer", -"date": "b. 1952", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Nagamitsu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nagamitsu", + "comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. 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", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuLun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Liu, Lun", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born Huiyang, Guangdong Province; alternate names: 刘仑", -"date": "born 1913", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NaganumaMoriyoshi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Naganuma, Moriyoshi", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1857-1942", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuMing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Liu, Ming", -"comment": "China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. Chinese artist, born in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province; graduated from the Nanjing Art Academy; emigrated to Paris in 1991.", -"date": "b. 1957", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NagleGreg", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nagle, Greg", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuQimin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Liu, Qimin", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Tianjing, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 刘其敏", -"date": "born 1929", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuRentao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Liu, Rentao", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. 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", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuShiru", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Liu, Shiru", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l42s43r33 Alternate names: Liu Shih-ju, 劉世儒 Ming dynasty From Zhejiang province. 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", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NakagawaAiko", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nakagawa, Aiko", + "comment": "Gastman, Roger, Zio Fulcher and Jamie Rivadeneira; Hello Kitty, Hello Art!, New York: Abrams, 2012. Active 1998- present Also known as "Lady Aiko"", + "date": "1974", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuYe", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Liu, Ye", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. 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", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuYongnian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Liu, Yongnian", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l42y33n34 Alternate names: Liu Yung-nien, 劉永年 Song dynasty From Gaifeng province. Related to the Imperial Song family. 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Japan's first architect who has been certified by the French Institute of Certified Public Architecture.", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuYongxian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Liu, Yongxian", -"comment": "Nebiolo, Gino; La Cina dei Cinesi, Ivrea: Priuli & Verlucca, 1973. Chinese peasant painter during the Cultural Revolution", -"date": "active ca. 1965", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuYu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Liu, Yu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l42y35 Alternate names: Liu Yü, 柳堉 Qing dynasty From Nanking. Poet and calligrapher. painted landscapes following Dong Yuan and Juran. --Seymour", -"date": "second half 17th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NakamuraKenichi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nakamura, Ken'ichi", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1895-1967", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuYuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Liu, Yuan", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l42y37 Alternate names: Liu Yüan , 劉瑗 Song dynasty Landscape painter and connoisseur of ancient pictures. --Seymour", -"date": "12th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NakamuraKentaro", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nakamura, Kentaro", + "comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. ", + "date": "2nd quarter 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuYuanqi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Liu, Yuanqi", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l42y37q22 Alternate names: Liu Yüan-ch'i, 劉原起 Ming dynasty From Suzhou. Pupil of Qian Gu. Poet. Painted landscapes. --Seymour", -"date": "ca. 1620 - 1633", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NakamuraSeijuro", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nakamura, Seijuro", + "comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuYulian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Liu, Yulian", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist", -"date": "active ca. 1980", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuZheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Liu, Zheng", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese photographer, born in Wuqiang, Hebei Province; lives and works in Beijing.", -"date": "b. 1969", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NakamuraSotetsu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nakamura, Sotetsu", + "comment": "Tsuji, Nobuo, Kiyoshi Hirai, and Yoshiaki Yabe; Shiro to chashitsu, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. See work record: 4800", + "date": "latter half of 18th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuZhide", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Liu, Zhide", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Liu Chih-teh", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NakamuraYoshihei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nakamura, Yoshihei", + "comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuZhigui", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Liu, Zhigui", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign language Press , 1974. alternate name: Liu Chih-kuei", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiuthardofReichenauAbbey", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Liuthard of Reichenau Abbey", -"comment": "Fuhrmann, Horst and Florentine Mūtherich; Evangeliar Heinrichs des Lōwen und das Mittelalterliche Herrscherbild, Munich: Prestel-Verlag, 1986. monk, head of the Reichenau Abbey scriptorium", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NakashimaStudios", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nakashima Studios", + "comment": "Raizman, David S. History of Modern Design. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2004. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LivingMuseum", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Living Museum", -"comment": "Heartney, Eleanor; Art & Today, New York: Phaidon Press, Inc., 2008. a group of artists-in-residence at the Creedmoor Psychiatric Center in Queens, NY who are also patients at the hospital. The project refuse to consider their artmaking simply a form of therapy or as a diagnostic tool.", -"date": "founded 1983", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LivingstoneWilliam", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Livingstone, William", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Scottish-born Canadian landscape designer", -"date": "active 1939-1980", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Nakayama", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nakayama", + "comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LizongEmperorofChina", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lizong, Emperor of China", -"comment": "Fong, Wen C. Beyond representation : Chinese Painting and Calligraphy, 8th-14th Century. New York : Metropolitan Museum of Art New Haven : Yale University Press, c1992.. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LlesC", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lles, C.", -"comment": "Ariza Muñoz, Carmen; Jardines de Madrid: Paseos Arbolados, Plazas y Parques, Madrid: Ayuntamiento de Madrid y Lunwerg Editores, 2001. ", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NamikawaYasuyuki", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Namikawa, Yasuyuki", + "comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. He founded a cloisonné factory in 1871 in Kyoto, and worked with a German scientist in order to perfect the problems that they were encountering in cloisonné.", + "date": "1845-1927", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LloydofNatal", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lloyd of Natal", -"comment": "Bernard, Bruce; Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography, 1840-1940, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. ", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NancaVlad", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nanca, Vlad", + "comment": "Klanten, Robert, Alain Bieber, Pedro Alonzo, Silke Krohn et al; Art & Agenda: Political Art and Activism, Berlin: Gestalten, 2011. Active 2001- present.", + "date": "Born 1979", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LobelPH", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lobel, P. H.", -"comment": "Rennert, Jack; Posters of the Belle Epoque: the Wine Spectator Collection, New York: Wine Spectator Press, 1990. Beyond the fact that he was a skilled lithographer and that his work sold through 'La Plume' magazine's Editions d'Art, virtually nothing is known of Lobel's life. His artistic legacy is meager as well, consisting of only a few posters; yet those are enough to show that he deserves inclusion in Toulouse-Lautrec's circle of influence. ", -"date": "late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Nanka", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nanka", + "comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. Nanka was famous for his extremely fine engravings on ivory manju netsuke of maps of different areas of Japan. The maps are both accurate and legible, despite their miniature size.", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LöberA", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Löber, A.", -"comment": "Curtius, Ludwig; Antike Rom, Wien: Verlag Anton Schroll & Co., 1944. ", -"date": "active mid-20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LoceyJean", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Locey, Jean", -"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. American photographer", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NankaiGyofuutsusu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nankai Gyofu utsusu", + "comment": "Murase, Miyeko; Bridge of Dreams: The Mary Griggs Burke Collection of Japanese Art, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LochnerIrmgard", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lochner, Irmgard", -"comment": "Dodds, Jerrilynn D.; Al-Andalus: the Art of Islamic Spain, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1992. illustrator", -"date": "active 1990s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LockermanStudio", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lockerman Studio", -"comment": "Perry, Rachel Berenson; T.C. Steele & the Society of Western Artists, 1896-1914, Bloomington; Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2009. ", -"date": "active early 1900s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NaraharaIkko", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Narahara, Ikko", + "comment": "Szarkowski, John and Shoji Yamagishi; New Japanese Photography, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1974. alt. name: Ikko", + "date": "born 1931", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LodovicoCapponiGinodi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lodovico Capponi, Gino di", -"comment": "Chatfield, Judith; Classic Italian Garden, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1991. Merchant", -"date": "active late 16th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NarathihapateKingofBurma", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Narathihapate, King of Burma", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Also known as Sithu IV, he was the last king of the Pagan empire; he is remembered as Tayok-Pyay Min 'King who fled from the Chinese'. He was finally poisoned by his second son Thihathu.", + "date": "1238-1287", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LoeblSchlossmanandBennett", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Loebl, Schlossman and Bennett", -"comment": "Saliga, Pauline A.; Sky's the Limit: A Century of Chicago Skyscrapers, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1990. Later became Loeble Schlossman and Hackl", -"date": "1947-ca. 1965", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NarathuKingofPagan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Narathu, King of Pagan", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Also known as Kalagya Min. King of Pagan, who attained the throne by murdering his father, King Alaungsithu and his older brother Min Shin Saw; he was eventually assassinated by mercenaries in 1171.", + "date": "r. 1168-1171", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LoeblSchlossmanBennettandDart", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Loebl, Schlossman, Bennett and Dart", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "ca. 1970-present", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NarkiewiczJodkoJakobvon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Narkiewicz-Jodko, Jakob von", + "comment": "Apke, Bernd et al.; Okkultismus und Avantgarde: Von Munch bis Mondrian 1900-1915, 3rd, Frankfurt: Schirn Kunsthalle, 1995. ", + "date": "1848-1904", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LoerganOlivierde", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Loergan, Olivier de", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. carpenter/woodworker", -"date": "active late 15th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Nasalutin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nasalutin", + "comment": "Sun Dazhang; Islamic Buildings (Ancient Chinese Architecture series, v.8), English edition, New York: Springer-Verlag Wien, 2003. Muslim missionary during the Tonghe reign of the Liao Dynasty", + "date": "end 10th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LoeschUwe", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Loesch, Uwe", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. German graphic and poster designer, born in Dresden; studied at Fachhochschule Dusselforf University", -"date": "born 1943", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NashLF", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nash, L. 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", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LoringWilfred", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Loring, Wilfred", -"comment": "Acton, David; Sixty Years of North American Prints: 1947-2007, Boston: Boston Printmakers, 2009. American printmaker", -"date": "born 1952", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NesterJohn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nester, John", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + "date": "3rd quarter 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LorreinsDonSantiago", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lorreins, Don Santiago", -"comment": "Gleason, David King; Plantation Homes of Louisiana and the Natchez Area, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982. ", -"date": "late 18th-early 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NeubauerTod", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Neubauer, Tod", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Professor emeritus, UC Davis", + "date": "1901-1991", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LoskutovSergei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Loskutov, Sergei", -"comment": "Vartanov, Anri Surenovich, et al.; Antologiia sovetskoĭ fotografii, t. 1, Moskva: Izd-vo "Planeta", 1986. ", -"date": "1901-1980", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NeumannLothar", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Neumann, Lothar", + "comment": "Kähler, Gert; Path of Modernism: Architecture, 1900-1930, Berlin: Jovis, 2009. architect active in Poland in the 1920s", + "date": "ca. 1891-1940", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LouGuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lou, Guan", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l44g38 Alternate names: Lou Kuan, 樓觀 Song dynasty From Zhejiang province. Painted landscapes in manner of Ma Yuan, also birds and flowers. --Seymour", -"date": "13th century ", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Névillé", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Névillé", + "comment": "Baker, Malcolm and Brenda Richardson; Grand Design: the Art of the Victoria and Albert Museum, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1997. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LouHaoben", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lou, Haoben", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LoudonJ", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Loudon, J.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NewAnalysisGroup", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "New Analysis Group", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist group. 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", -"date": "ca. 1595?-1667?", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NewBarbarianismXinyexingzhuyi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "New Barbarianism (Xin yexing zhuyi)", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Avant-garde artists' collective emphasizing primitivism and individual freedom in opposition to the approach of the contemporary group Red Journey.", + "date": "active mid 1980s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LovejoyAsaLawrence", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lovejoy, Asa Lawrence", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. American pioneer and politician; born Boston, MA; co-founder of the city of Portland, Oregon.", -"date": "1808-1882", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NewEnglandGlassCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "New England Glass Company", + "comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LovejoyM", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lovejoy, M.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LovellJohnsLtd", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lovell Johns Ltd.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. In October 2000 Lovell Johns became a wholly owned subsidiary of Avusa Ltd, a South African based media conglomerate quoted on the Johannesburg stock exchange.", -"date": "active 1970s-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NewMarkGroup", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "New Mark Group", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist collective, including Wang Luyan, Chen Shaoping, and Gu Dexin; later changed its name to the Analysis Group", + "date": "active 1987-1995", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LovellHumphrey", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lovell, Humphrey", -"comment": "Girouard, Mark; Elizabethan Architecture: Its Rise and Fall, 1540-1640, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. mason", -"date": "active 1550-1570", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NewYorkTimes", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "New York Times", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. American daily newspaper in publication since 1851. ", + "date": "founded 1851", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LowArtTileWorks", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Low Art Tile Works", -"comment": "Kaplan, Wendy. The Art That's Life. Boston, Museum of Fine Arts.. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NewYorkWorldTelegramandSun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "New York World-Telegram and Sun", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. newspaper", + "date": "1931-1966", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LoxleyB", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Loxley, B.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NewEdmundHort", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "New, Edmund Hort", + "comment": "Parry, Linda; William Morris, London, New York: Philip Wilson Publishers Ltd., Harry N. Abrams, Inc. Publishers, 1996. English artist of the Birmingham school and leading illustrator of his day", + "date": "1871-1931", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LoyauMarcelFrancois", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Loyau, Marcel Francois", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "born 1895", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NewbeginKatherine", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Newbegin, Katherine", + "comment": "Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation; 2009 Awards in Painting, Sculpture, Printmaking, Photography, Video, and Craft Media, New York: Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation, 2010. ", + "date": "b. 1976", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuDi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lu, Di", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province; learn woodcut independently; alternate name: 陆地", -"date": "born 1917", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NewmanHenryJotham", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Newman, Henry Jotham", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + "date": "1823 - 1895", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuGuang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lu, Guang", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l45g39 Alternate names: Lu Kuang, 陸廣 Yuan dynasty Form Suzhou. Painted landscapes. --Seymour", -"date": "second quarter 14th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NiDuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ni, Duan", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). n33d43 Alternate names: Ni Tuan, 倪端 Ming dynasty Zhe School: The background of the Zhe school can be seen in earlier Ming painting represented by the works of the bird-and-flower master Bian Wenjin ( fl early 15th century) from Fujian; Xie Huan (c. 1368–1435), a figure painter and portraitist from Zhejiang who was a major force among Yongle (reg 1403–24) and Xuande (reg 1426–35) court painters; Shang Xi ( fl 1430–40) from Jiangsu and Shi Rui ( fl 1426–35) from Hangzhou; Ni Duan, a painter of landscapes with figures, also from Hangzhou; and Li Zai, a landscapist from Fujian. The Zhe school departed from these artists’ continuation of conservative Song Academy styles and its origin can conveniently be located in Dai Jin’s works, especially in those of his middle period, dating from the second quarter of the 15th century. The later style of the court academy can be characterized as a mixture of the Zhe school and the traditional academic style; the 15th-century court figure painting of Shang Xi and Ni Duan was also indebted to the Southern Song style of Liu Songnian, Li Gao (1166–1234) and Su Hanchen. --DOA", + "date": "ca. 1426 - 1435", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuHao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lu, Hao", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Beijing; graduated 1992 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing.", -"date": "b. 1969", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NiJing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ni, Jing", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Chinese Chan monk painter", + "date": "active late 14th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuHong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lu, Hong", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l45h33 Alternate names: Lu Hung, 盧鴻 Tang dynasty From Hubei province. Retired to Mt. Song, which he described in poems and a series of pictures. --Seymour", -"date": "ca. 713 - 742", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NiTian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ni, Tian", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). n33t32 Alternate names: Ni T'ien (Ni Pao-t'ien), 倪田 Qing dynasty From Jiangsu, lived in Shanghai. Traditional literary school. Painted landscapes, figures, Buddhist and Daoist subjects, birds, horses, flowers. --Seymour", + "date": "1855 - 1919", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuHsienMing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lu, Hsien-Ming", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese artist, born in Taipei, graduated from Culture University", -"date": "b. 1959", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NiZan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ni, Zan", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). n33z24 Alternate names: Ni Tsan, 倪瓚 Yuan dynasty (b Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 1301; d 1374). Chinese painter and calligrapher. He is designated one of the Four Masters of the Yuan (1279–1368), with Huang gongwang, Wu zhen and Wang meng. Ni Zan’s family were of Xixia (Tangut) origin. His tenth-generation ancestor Shi came to China as Xixia ambassador in 1034–7 at the time of Emperor Renzong (reg 1023–63), and the family settled in Duliang (modern Anhui Province). In 1127–30, under Emperor Gaozong (reg 1127–62), Ni Zan’s fifth-generation ancestor Yi moved south with the Southern Song (1127–1279), settling at Zhituo village in Wuxi, modern Jiangsu Province, where the Ni family prospered. Ni Zan and his elder brother Ying were the sons of a concubine, Yan. Their father died when they were young, and they were raised by their eldest half-brother, Ni Zhaogui (1279–1328). Ying was mentally incompetent, and after Zhaogui’s death Ni Zan assumed responsibility for the family estate, a role ill-suited to his natural inclinations. He led a privileged and secluded home life for 20 or more years; in the mid-1340s he spent most of his time among rare books, antique paintings, calligraphy and flowers in his favourite studio, the Qingbi ge (‘Pure and secluded pavilion’). Ni Zan was an ardent admirer of the great Northern Song (1127–1279) artist and connoisseur, Mi fu, and shared two of his idiosyncrasies: fastidiousness and generosity. Reportedly, he had the large hardwood trees around his studio washed daily and once left a party given by the poet Yang Weizhen (1296–1370) in disgust because carousing party guests began passing around a young woman’s shoes filled with wine. Ni’s generosity to friends in need on at least one occasion proved awkward: the poet Tao Zongyi (c. 1320–after 1402) related how a scholar, Chen Bo, when presented by Ni with a gift of 100 piculs of rice at a party, felt publicly humiliated and distributed the rice among the assembled courtesans and attendants, breaking off his friendship. A copy (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) of a portrait of Ni Zan in the early 1340s shows the artist dressed in immaculate white linen, sitting on a couch surrounded by a painted screen, scrolls, an inkstone, antique bronzes and ceramics, flanked by two attendants—one holding a feather duster and the other carrying washing implements and a towel. From the late 1330s natural disasters—flood, drought and locusts—struck China year after year; by 1337 there were more than 400,000 starving families reported in Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces alone. The Mongol government responded initially by taxing wealthy families and then by coercing them to make payments; Ni Zan suffered increasingly harsh treatment. In 1351 full-scale rebellions broke out all over China, and in early 1352 Ni abandoned his home and took refuge in a houseboat in the water country of Lake Tai, with its network of small streams, numerous bays, inlets and islands covered with mulberry trees and aquatic plants. Between 1356 and 1366 Ni and his family lived in Lize, near Suzhou, at the ‘Snail’s Hut’ (Guaniu lu). Here, unlike many literary figures, Ni Zan steadfastly declined repeated invitations from the rebel Zhang Shicheng to join his forces. Zhang Shicheng was eventually defeated by Zhu Yuanzhang, who became the Hongwu emperor (reg 1368–98) when he founded the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). In the meantime Ni had lost his wife, Jiang Yuanzhao, and had again been forced to abandon his home. After the establishment of the new dynasty, he briefly visited the water country of Lize and then spent the next few years wandering through the Jiangnan area (the south), visiting old haunts. In the autumn of 1374 Ni finally returned to his native Wuxi, where at the home of a relative he fell ill and died. In calligraphy, Ni Zan absorbed some influences from Zhao Mengfu (see Zhao, (1)), the leading calligrapher of the early 14th century, who lived in Wuxing, across Lake Tai from Wuxi. However, whereas Zhao, the elegant scholar–official, had a courtly and formal style, Ni, the country recluse, preferred a primitive, rustic mode (see also China, §IV, 2(v)(b)). Ni’s main calligraphic model was Zhong You (ad 151–230), who developed the archaic clerical script (li shu) of the Han period into an early form of regular script (kaishu; see China, §IV, 2(ii)). Jian Jizhi biao (‘Memorial to recommend Jizhi’), attributed to Zhong You, was in the collection of Lu Xingzhi (1275–after 1349) at Lake Feng, not far from Ni’s home. Ni re-created an archaic running-clerical style, with squat or square characters, mostly level strokes, generally simplified brushwork and prominent, wavelike ending strokes. Since he consciously used calligraphy to express himself, graphological analysis is useful in the interpretation of his works. Similar characters from dated inscriptions from between c. 1340 and 1374 are generally consistent as regards formal elements but vary greatly in expression as achieved through compositional structure and brushwork. The development of Ni’s calligraphy is divided into four periods: c. 1340, during his life of luxury and cultivation at the Qingbi ge, his style was smooth and graceful; between 1345 and 1355, when he was fleeing from tax collectors, his writing was filled with tension and discord, and he seemed purposely to explore the lopsided and eccentric aspects of his style; between 1356 and 1366, calm and composure returned to his work, and the conflicting elements of his calligraphy were brought into a new synthesis; finally, between 1366 and 1374, his writing achieved a stable form and showed an unmatched strength and self-assurance. In Ni’s earliest extant painting, Qiulin yexing (‘Autumn grove: exhilaration in wilderness’; 1339; New York, Met.), a man sits quietly in a pavilion in an autumnal landscape. A poem inscribed by Ni on the painting describes the feeling of early autumn: inkstones and seat mats are cool to the touch, clothing feels fresh, a yellow mist after a shower rises over distant boulders, bamboo leaves flutter during the day and shadows of cedars waver in moonlight; incense is lit in a gilded duck-shaped vessel and a bag of flower petals lies by the pillow. The whole is indicative of a man in exquisite repose. The emphasis on the wild and natural reflects Ni’s attempt at this period to insulate himself from ordinary society both physically and mentally. In Liu junzi (‘The six gentlemen’; see fig. 1), from the period when Ni was evading the tax collectors, the calligraphy has a nervous energy. The brushwork is taut and bony; parts of the written characters are tightly wound and lopsided; contradictions between the regular-script and clerical-script forms are deliberately exaggerated to create tension; and the naturally slanting regular-script elements are forced into a horizontal, clerical structure. The painting shows six sparse, looming, spiky trees dominating a riverbank; a thin mist rises across the river, giving the viewer a sense of isolation from everything except the river and the trees. A colophon by Huang Gongwang notes that the trees symbolize Ni Zan and his friends as they ‘stand facing one another, upright, straight and unbending’. The modelling of the rocks, after the 10th-century master Dong yuan, uses hemp-fibre texture strokes ( pima cun) loosely directed and building layer upon layer. The composition has a fully developed and realistic spatial structure: elements extend in an integrated vision along a convincingly receding ground plane. Ni’s rounded brushstrokes ( yuanbi) ‘write’ the trees and rock forms as in seal-script (zhuan shu) and cursive-script (caoshu) calligraphy. Slow, gentle cursive brushwork, though full of inner emotion, maintains an outward calm and balance. The metaphor of clustered trees as friends in a lonely and hostile world became Ni Zan’s favourite subject. The poems on his paintings tempt the viewer to eavesdrop on a private world of intimacies and lost conversations, but his sublime imagery admits no superfluous details and instead presents a pure and privileged natural domain. Ni repeated the composition of trees with rocks again and again, refining and distilling, achieving an effect that is pure mood and poetry. His references to ancient masters were made not only as expressions of feelings and moods but also as a conscious effort to combine and summarize the best of the ancient styles. By bringing together in his brushwork the hemp-fibre and axe-cut ( fu pi) idioms popular in the mid-14th century and the T-shaped (dingxiang), horse-tooth (machi) and other less familiar modes of Northern Song landscape, Ni forged a new creative synthesis. The subtlety of his painting lies in the extraordinary range of effects he achieved with his seemingly simple and sparse brushwork. In one of his famous late works, Yushan linhe (‘Woods and valleys of Mt Yu’; see fig. 2), the angular, crystalline rock forms are achieved with a dry wash (ran) technique of softly rubbed, richly fused brushstrokes. Developing his forms with a free hand, Ni combined axe-cut, T-shaped and horse-tooth patterns in his protean brushwork, creating a new calligraphic, illusionistic style that evoked, without imitating, the 10th-century rocky landscape mode of Jing hao and Guan tong. Ironically, in spite of his distaste for celebrity, Ni Zan, the meek and eccentric recluse, was lionized, and his paintings, though insistently private and undecorative, attracted a large public following. His deceptively simple and unassuming style was the most frequently imitated of the styles of the Four Masters of the Yuan. As a sense of moral and dynastic decline grew in the late Ming, Ni Zan became a symbol of patriotism and moral regeneration. As the ‘noble recluse’ (gaoshi) he was extolled for his generosity, integrity, wisdom and independence and was exalted as a cultural hero through whom one might gain new strength. When the Ming dynasty fell in 1644, and China was once again under alien—this time Manchu—domination, Ni Zan became the spiritual companion-in-suffering and artistic ideal for Ming loyalist painters. --Seymour", + "date": "1301 - 1374", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuHuancheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lu, Huancheng", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l45h38c39 Alternate names: Lü Huan-ch'eng, 呂煥成 Qing dynasty From Zhejiang province. 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Chinese artist, born in Shenyang, Liaoning Province; graduated 1989 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing.", -"date": "b. 1965", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NickelRichard", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nickel, Richard", + "comment": "Cahan, Richard and Michael Williams; Richard Nickel's Chicago: Photographs of a Lost City, Chicago: Cityfiles Press, 2006. ", + "date": "1928-1972", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuShidao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lu, Shidao", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l45s43d26 Alternate names: Lu Shih-tao, 陸師道 Ming dynasty From Suzhou. Pupil of Wen Chengming. Poetry, calligraphy, inscriptions. 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Painted toy peddler. --Seymour", -"date": "ca. 1488 - 1505", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NielsenFredrigChristen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nielsen, Fredrig Christen", + "comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. London furniture maker", + "date": "1897-1911", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuXun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lu, Xun", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NieuwnhuysConstantA", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nieuwnhuys, Constant A.", + "comment": "Fineberg, Jonathan. Art since 1940 : strategies of being. New York : Prentice Hall : H.N. Abrams, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuYanshao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lu, Yanshao", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -"date": "1909-1993", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuYifei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lu, Yifei", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province; alternate name: 陆一飞", -"date": "1931-2005", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NihonGakkiCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nihon Gakki Company", + "comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuYingxiang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lu, Yingxiang", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuYuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lu, Yuan", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l45y37 Alternate names: Lu Yüan, 陸遠 Qing dynasty From Suzhou. Painted landscapes. --Seymour", -"date": "active ca. 1665 - 1694", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NihongigaKaigetsumatsuyoDoshinkoreozusu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nihon giga Kaigetsu matsuyo Doshin koreo zusu", + "comment": "Murase, Miyeko; Bridge of Dreams: The Mary Griggs Burke Collection of Japanese Art, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuZhi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lu, Zhi", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l45z44 Alternate names: Lu Chih, 陸治 Ming dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 1496; d Suzhou, 1576). Chinese painter and minor poet. He is associated with the Wu school of painters active in Suzhou during the Ming period (1368–1644). Lu’s surviving paintings date to 1523–74; the most distinctive, executed between 1547 and 1555, represent a synthesis between the literati style of painting (wenren hua), as exemplified by Wen Zhengming (see Wen, (1)), and the professional tradition, as epitomized by Qiu ying. Lu himself was a literatus: after he passed the local civil-service examination, his studies were supported by the prefectural government, though he never succeeded in the provincial examination. In 1557, at the age of 61, he was awarded the largely honorary gongsheng degree and allowed to retire. Lu lived a life of genteel poverty. With the exception of two years as an instructor in a Confucian school in the early 1520s, he did not accept employment, refusing the hopeful students who sought him out. In the mid-1550s he built a retreat outside Suzhou on Mt Zhixing, where he lived in relative seclusion until the age of 80, when failing health forced him to return to the city. His biographer Wang Shizhen noted that Lu was somewhat misanthropic: he barred the door and hid at the approach of unwanted guests, though he might talk the night away over home-made chrysanthemum wine with a few select friends. Lu moved only on the fringes of the artistic and intellectual circles surrounding Wen Zhengming and probably did not study directly with the older artist, although Wen’s paintings, ubiquitous in Suzhou, exerted a seminal influence on his development. In fact, two major lines of interest are revealed in Lu’s early works: one is exemplified by the hanging scroll Reading the Yijing by a Snowy Window (1524; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), which explores the fine textures and traceries of bare branches in a mode characteristic of Wen Zhengming; the other is represented by the handscroll Combined Painting and Calligraphy of Wen Zhengming and Lu Zhi (Wen Zhengming Lu Zhi shuhua hebi juan, 1535; Beijing, Pal. Mus.), which features swelling volumes and packed spaces in a style associated with Wen’s teacher Shen zhou. The two lines of interest are combined in Lu’s paintings of the 1540s. For example, a landscape hanging scroll (c. 1540; Chicago, IL, A. Inst.) explores the tensions between surface and depth and between linear pattern and volumetric form. Such juxtapositions continued into Lu’s artistic maturity, as for example in the masterwork Jade Field (see fig.). In this painting, a complex of motifs centres on a cave entrance, evoking the literary and artistic theme of the Peach Blossom Spring, land of the immortals. The cave depicted in the scroll is recognizable as a specific place, the Zhang Gong Stalactite Grotto in Yixing County, a subject that had also been painted by Shen Zhou, but it is identified with the cave-entrance to paradise by the use of the Blue-and-green (qinglü) colour scheme and angular brushwork associated with both antique painting styles and paradisaical imagery. The composition is close in style to the tradition of the Yuan master of literati painting Wang meng, as transmitted by Wen Zhengming, though the angular brushwork and crystalline rock forms are based on the professional version of the Blue-and-green tradition practised by Qiu Ying. Lu continued to depict complexes of real and mythical imagery in a similar style until the mid-1550s. He then developed a quieter vision, executing several topographical paintings, including the 16-leaf album, Journey to Baiyue (1554; Kyoto, Fujii Yurinkan Mus.), and a handscroll painted during a trip to Nanjing (1558; Tianjin, Mus. A.). Several important works from the 1560s are in the styles of old masters, notably Daoist Retreat among Streams and Mountains (1567; Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.) in the style of Ni Zan and Hermit Fisherman at Huaqi (1568; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). From 1565 until his death, Lu was in at least occasional contact with Wang Shizhen, a leading literary figure who lived in nearby Taicang and collected works by many Wu school painters. Lu executed many paintings at Wang’s request, including his latest surviving work, a copy (1574; Shanghai Mus.) of the 40-leaf album of Mt Hua by Wang Li (b 1332). Lu was influential mainly for his combining of literati and professional devices in his painting, which prepared the way for later artists in Suzhou and elsewhere. --DOA", -"date": "1496 - 1576", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuZonggui", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lu, Zonggui", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l45z58g42 Alternate names: Lu Tsung-kuei, 魯宗貴 Song dynasty From Zhejiang province. Painted flowers, bamboo, orchids, animals. --Seymour", -"date": "ca. 1228 - 1233", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NihongigaKaigetsudo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nihon giga Kaigetsudo", + "comment": "Murase, Miyeko; Bridge of Dreams: The Mary Griggs Burke Collection of Japanese Art, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LubinLera", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lubin, Lera", -"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LublinLea", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lublin, Lea", -"comment": "Schimmel, Paul. Out of Actions: Between Performance the the Object, 1949-1979. Los Angeles, Calif. : The Museum of Contemporary Art New York : Thames and Hudson, 1998. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NihonSekkeiInc", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nihon Sekkei, Inc.", + "comment": "New Look of Environmental Design For a Sustainable Environment and Society, Tokyo: Orange Book Co., Ltd., 2005. Japanese architecture firm", + "date": "active early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuciusFabricius", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lucius Fabricius", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Curator of the roads and a member of the gens Fabricia of Rome", -"date": "active mid 1st century BCE", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Nikias", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nikias", + "comment": "Metropolitan Museum of Art; Greece and Rome, New York: The Museum, 1987. Attic potter", + "date": "active ca. 560-555 BCE", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LudovisiLudovico", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ludovisi, Ludovico", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Cardinal, nephew of Poper Gregory XV", -"date": "ca.1595-1632", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NikkenSekkeiLtd", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nikken Sekkei Ltd.", + "comment": "New Look of Environmental Design For a Sustainable Environment and Society, Tokyo: Orange Book Co., Ltd., 2005. Japanese design company", + "date": "active late 20th century and early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LudwigAlois", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ludwig, Alois", -"comment": "Der Architekt, vol. 2. ", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NishimuraShozaburo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nishimura, Shozaburo", + "comment": "Ono, Masaaki and Katsuhiko Mizuno; Hidden Gardens of Kyoto, English language edition, Tokyo: Kodansha International, 2004. Japanese innkeeper in Kyoto", + "date": "active ca. 1815", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LudwikIDukeofBrzegandLegnica", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ludwik I, Duke of Brzeg and Legnica", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "ca. 1321-1398", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NishimurayaYohachi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nishimuraya, Yohachi", + "comment": "Kanada, Margaret Miller; Color Woodblock Printmaking: The Traditional Method of Ukiyo-e, Fourth Printing, Tokyo: Shufunotomo Co., Ltd., 1989 (4079753160). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LugerMax", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Luger, Max", -"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuisAdurizAndoni", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Luis Aduriz, Andoni", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "born 1971", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NishitaT", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nishita, T.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LukerMark", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Luker, Mark", -"comment": "Torrens, Deborah; Fashion Illustrated: A Review of Women's Dress, 1920-1950, New York: Hawthorne Books, Inc. Publishers, 1975. British fashion designer and illustrator", -"date": "ca. 1919-1972", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LunacharskyAnatolyVasilievich", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lunacharsky, Anatoly Vasilievich", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Lunacharsky was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and the first Soviet People's Commissar of Enlightenment responsible for culture and education. He was active as an art critic and journalist throughout his career.", -"date": "1875-1933", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NissanJidoshaKabushikiKaisha", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nissan Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha", + "comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LundinD", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lundin, D.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuoBrothers", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Luo Brothers", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Group of Chinese artists who live and work in Beijing: group consists of Luo Weidong (born 1963); Luo Weiguo (born 1964); and Luo Weibing (born 1972).", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NiuWen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Niu, Wen", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Shanxi Province; alternate name: 牛文", + "date": "born 1922", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuoChuang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Luo, Chuang", -"comment": "Fachang, Shih Ruofen, Teisuke Toda; Mokkei, Gyokkan, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1973. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NiudongPeoplesCommuneSparetimeArtGroup", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Niudong People's Commune Sparetime Art Group", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuoGongliu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Luo, Gongliu", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -"date": "born 1916", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NivolaCostantino", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nivola, Costantino", + "comment": "Chwast, Seymour and Steven Heller; Art of New York, New York, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1983. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuoMingjun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Luo, Mingjun", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist. Member of Zero Art Group (Ling yishu jituan), wrote their manifesto.", -"date": "b. 1963", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuoPing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Luo, Ping", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l48p37 Alternate names: Lo P'ing, 羅__ Qing dynasty (b Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 1733; d 1799). Chinese painter and writer. Luo was the youngest of the major Yangzhou school painters of the 18th century and a significant innovator in the genres of portraiture and depiction of ghosts. Born into a family of scholar–officials, in his early career Luo was much influenced by Jin Nong, his teacher in poetry and painting from about 1757. After Jin’s death in 1763 Luo undertook the editing of some of his mentor’s writings, together with other quasi-filial duties. Jin’s historical and self-conscious exploration of a broad range of genres, including plum and bamboo painting, portraiture and Buddhist figure painting, clearly influenced Luo’s choice of subject-matter. However, the relationship was not one-sided: Luo was more technically accomplished than his teacher and probably painted works to which Jin signed his own name. Luo’s portrait Jin Nong Taking a Noon Nap (hanging scroll; 1760; Shanghai Mus.) is notably informal and irreverent in style. Several other paintings from Luo’s early career document both his entrance, by the early 1760s, into the cultured circles of south-east China and his exploration of the significance of portraiture. A second portrait, Jin Nong, and an image of the antiquarian and seal-carver Ding Jing (hanging scrolls on paper; both Hangzhou, Zhejiang Prov. Mus.) depict the scholars as luohan (Skt: arhats) and reflect Luo’s religious interests as well as his flexible conception of the self. Related to these paintings is a portrait of the Chan Buddhist Master Tan (hanging scroll; 1763; Suzhou Mus.), the inscription on which suggests a composite identity for the sitter, part contemporary monk and part legendary Chan eccentric. Luo’s probing of the conceptual boundaries of portraiture recurs in a portrait of the eminent writer, Yuan Mei (1781; Muko, Shujiro Shimada priv. col.), where the problematic nature of the identity of the subject is noted by the sitter in his long and witty inscription. After Jin’s death, Luo travelled widely: in 1764 and 1765 he visited parts of Jiangsu, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces, and in 1771 and 1779 he went to Beijing, where he remained until the last months of his life. As earlier in Yangzhou, Luo associated with many leading scholar–officials and literary men of the capital. His greatest success, though a qualified one, was an eight-section scroll, the Guiqu tu (‘The fascination of ghosts’; see fig.), painted before 1772. One of Luo’s several variations on the theme, this painting bears a number of appreciative and critical inscriptions. Luo’s ghost scenes reflect, and perhaps exploit, a broad contemporary taste for the literary genre of ghost stories. Nonetheless, the sincerity of his interest in ghosts and other occult phenomena is certain; his essay collection Woxin lu (‘Record of my beliefs’; 1791) has chapters on reincarnation, ghosts and spirits, as well as on the significance of many of his paintings. Moreover, in comparison to the merely humorous grotesqueries of contemporary standard ghost paintings, Luo’s Guiqu tu is distinguished both by its subtly appropriate technical devices—murkily suffused ink washes, bleeding, indistinct contours and eerily unnatural colours—and by its glimpses of anguish, confusion and terror associated with the human world. Luo’s largest body of work comprised minor technical and compositional variations on the standard Yangzhou school themes of bamboo, plum and epidendrum. He also painted explicitly Buddhist themes, sometimes on temple walls. Two landscape albums from around the 1770s best display his technical mastery, together with a thematic subtlety and ingenuity to rival anything of his century: Landscapes (Princeton U., NJ, A. Mus.) and Landscapes Illustrating the Poems of Jiang Kui of the Southern Song (1774; Washington, DC, Freer). The latter includes such inventive scenes as a rabbit fleeing the vividly realized chaos of a forest fire. Despite his originality and early success, Luo spent his later years living quietly in Beijing temples or at the residences of patrons, and he died almost destitute, exemplifying the precarious position of the institutionally independent artist of the 18th century, subject to financial pressures and shifting tastes. --DOA", -"date": "1733 - 1799", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NobleRichard", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Noble, Richard", + "comment": "World of the American Indian, Revised edition, Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 1989. photographer", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuoQingzhen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Luo, Qingzhen", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Xingning, Guangdong Province; alternate name: 罗清桢", -"date": "1905-1942", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuoZhichuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Luo, Zhichuan", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). l48z44c48 Alternate names: Lo Chih-ch'uan, 羅稚川 Yuan dynasty, unrecorded From Jiangsu province. Scholar and associate of noted literati of the time. Painted birds. --Seymour", -"date": "d. before 1330", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NobushigeKasendo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nobushige, Kasendo", + "comment": "Narazaki, Muneshige; Ukiyo-e Masterpieces in European Collections v.12, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1988. Japanese Ukiyo-e artist", + "date": "17th-19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuoZhongli", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Luo, Zhongli", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -"date": "born 1948", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NobutaYo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nobuta, Yo", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1902-1990", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Lupov", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lupov", -"comment": "Calendar: thirty years of the Soviet State, 1917-1947, Moscow: Foreign Languages Pub. House, 1947. ", -"date": "active 1917", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NoinvilleJacquesde", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Noinville, Jacques de", + "comment": "Bremer-David, Charissa; French Tapestries and Textiles in the J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 1997. ", + "date": "active 1721-1742", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LutesandAmundsen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lutes and Amundsen", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NollAMichael", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Noll, A. Michael", + "comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LutesDonaldH", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lutes, Donald H.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LutesSanetelArchitects", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lutes, Sanetel Architects", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NomuraChohei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nomura, Chohei", + "comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LüttichHans", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lüttich, Hans", -"comment": "Pigeat, Jean-Paul; Gardens of the World: Two Thousand Years of Garden Design, English language edition, Paris: Editions Flammarion, 2003. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuttonBen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lutton, Ben", -"comment": "Daniel, Noel; Magic: 1400s-1950s, Cologne: Taschen, 2009. Painter of sideshow banners. ", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NordKarl", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nord, Karl", + "comment": "Rak, Jiri, Radim Vondracek and Clauda Terenzi; Biedermeier: Art and Culture in Central Europe, 1815-1848, Milan, New York: Skira Editore, Rizzoli International, 2001. ", + "date": "1806-1861", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LutzRudolf", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lutz, Rudolf", -"comment": "Fiedler, Jeannine and Peter Feierabend; Bauhaus, Cologne: Konemann, 2000. ", -"date": "1895-1966", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NorlinKurt", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Norlin, Kurt", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuzSolar", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "LuzSolar", -"comment": "David A. Bainbridge Gift Collection, Architecture and Allied Arts Library, University of Oregon. ", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NormanRosenfeldArchitectsLLC", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Norman Rosenfeld Architects LLC", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1969-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LycettEdward", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lycett, Edward", -"comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. ", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NormarkDon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Normark, Don", + "comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. American photographer", + "date": "b. 1928", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Lykorgos", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lykorgos", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NOSC", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "NOSC", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LynneJill", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Lynne, Jill", -"comment": "Cohen, Joyce Tenneson; In/Sights: Self Portraits by Women, Boston: David R. Godine Publisher, 1978. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/lynxarchitecture", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "lynx architecture", -"comment": "Roth, Manuela; Ecological Living, Kempen: teNeus Verlag, 2009. German architectural firm", -"date": "active ca. 1990-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NouvelLezenesSoria", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nouvel, Lezenes, Soria", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MArtGroup", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "M Art Group", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. An artist collective founded in October 1986 by Song Haidong who taught at the Shanghai Art College. In the group's manifesto, they advocated that artists leave their studios and engage with the people at large, thus bypassing the old value systems and institutions. In their performance art, the works were unconventional: often violent, masochistic and sadistic, featuring wild behavior and violence enacted on their own and each others' bodies.", -"date": "formed 1986", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MandHSchrenkeisen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "M. & H. Schrenkeisen", -"comment": "Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute; Masterpieces of American furniture from the Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, NY: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1999. New York, New York firm of Martin (died ca. 1900) and Henry (died 1887)", -"date": "1859-1903", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NovotnýVojtěch", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Novotný, Vojtěch", + "comment": "Rak, Jiri, Radim Vondracek and Clauda Terenzi; Biedermeier: Art and Culture in Central Europe, 1815-1848, Milan, New York: Skira Editore, Rizzoli International, 2001. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MF", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "M. F.", -"comment": "Der Architekt, vol. 2. ", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MLGreenwoodandCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "M. L. Greenwood and Company", -"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. Subsidiary of Eagle Iron Works, founded by Miles Greenwood", -"date": "1844-ca. 1898", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NovýsvětGlassworks", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nový svět Glassworks", + "comment": "Rak, Jiri, Radim Vondracek and Clauda Terenzi; Biedermeier: Art and Culture in Central Europe, 1815-1848, Milan, New York: Skira Editore, Rizzoli International, 2001. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MSeeger", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "M. Seeger", -"comment": "Deutsches Historisches Museum; Kunst! Kommerz! Visionen!: Deutsche Plakate, 1888-1933, Heidelberg: Edition Braus, 1992. Stuttgart", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MWitmarkandSons", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "M. Witmark and Sons", -"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NoyesMargaret", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Noyes, Margaret", + "comment": "Coolidge, John; Mill and Mansion: a Study of Architecture and Society in Lowell, Massachusetts, 1820-1942, New York: Columbia University Press, 1942. photographer", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MEandOHCollins", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "M.E and O.H Collins", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MP", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "M.P.", -"comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. artist of work -5133", -"date": "active 1936", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NozakC", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nozak, C.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaDa", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ma, Da", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Beiliu, Guangxi Province; alternate name: 马达", -"date": "1903-1978", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaDasheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ma, Dasheng", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist and poet, self taught, born in Beijing; member of the artists group Stars (Xingxing) from 1978-1980; has lived in France since 1986.", -"date": "b. 1952", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NozawaTeikichi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nozawa, Teikichi", + "comment": "Meiji kaikaki no nishikie (Meiji Japan through woodblock prints), Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1989. ", + "date": "d. ca. 1887", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaHezhi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ma, Hezhi", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). m22h27z44 Alternate names: Ma Ho-chih, 馬和之 Song dynasty (fl Qiantang, Lin’an [now Hangzhou], Zhejiang Province, c. second half of 12th century). Chinese painter. A painter of classical themes at the Southern Song (1127–1279) court in Lin’an, modern Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, Ma was known for his distinctive brushwork, marked by variations in hand pressure. However, the details of his life are obscure; sparse and contradictory information appears in different sources. A native of the Hangzhou area, Ma probably came from a humble family and did not interact with prominent men of letters, whose occasional poems and other writings might otherwise have mentioned his name. Zhuang Su records that Ma studied for the national-level civil service examination to gain the title of jinshi and that he rose to become an executive in the Board of Works. A competing tradition, originating with a list of court painters compiled by the connoisseur Zhou Mi (1232–98), places Ma in the Imperial Academy rather than among educated officials working in the esteemed literati painting tradition (see China, §V, 4). The question of whether Ma was primarily a scholar–painter or an Academy painter remains a live issue. Despite the controversy over Ma’s status, connoisseurs have generally agreed that his peculiarly vibrant brushwork characterizes him as a follower of the Tang (ad 618–907) virtuoso painter Wu Daozi, whose use of broken contour lines and variations in brush pressure suggested three-dimensional form and kinaesthetic energy. Since the Buddhist temples in which Wu created his wall paintings were mostly destroyed by Ma’s time, it is likely that Ma learnt the style through the mediation of Wu’s Northern Song (960–1127) followers. Particularly influential to Ma’s artistic development was the 11th-century artist Li Gonglin, who tempered the extroverted Wu Daozi style with the introspection and elegance associated with such Six Dynasties (ad 222–589) painters as Gu Kaizhi and Lu Tanwei (c. 440–c. 500). Li’s revival of archaic subjects and styles also provided important models for Ma and his contemporaries. Connoisseurs traditionally characterized Ma’s brushwork as piaoyi (‘fluttering and untrammelled’) and described his strokes with vivid metaphors, such as ‘orchid leaf’, ‘willow leaf’ or ‘wasp waist’. His variations in brush pressure create a sense of life and movement in landscape forms as well as figures, and his technique of layering an area with multiple strokes of different tonalities and thickness enriches surface texture, as well as suggesting volume and depth. The flaring and ebbing of his brushlines create an impression of calligraphic brilliance while also suggesting strong contrasts of light and shadow on three-dimensional forms. Ma’s style was perhaps too individual to inspire later followers, indeed he had no major ones. The subject for which Ma is best known is his illustration of the Mao version of the Shijing (‘Book of odes’; see fig.) done for Emperor Gaozong (reg 1127–62), probably after his abdication. This consists of a group of handscrolls (New York, Met.; London, BM; Boston, Mus. F.A.; Kyoto, Fujii Yurinkan Mus.; Beijing, Pal. Mus.; Shenyang, Liaoning Prov. Mus.; and Shanghai Mus.) featuring pictures in ink and colours alternating with the texts of the 305 poems transcribed by Gaozong or his surrogates. The surviving illustrations are generally thought not to be the work of a single artist, although most seem to belong to the Southern Song period; it seems likely that Ma’s designs were executed in multiple versions by other Court painters. There are many different compositions, including archaistic scenes with figures on blank ground, figures in full settings and innovative landscapes without figures. Ma’s surviving masterpiece is generally acknowledged to be his illustration, in ink and slight colour on silk, of Su Shi’s Chibi houfu (‘Second ode on the red cliff’; Beijing, Pal. Mus.). In contrast to other early illustrators of the subject, who followed Su’s text section by section, Ma attempted to capture the poetic flavour with a few suggestive images: the poet and his friends in a boat on a broad, moonlit river, a crane flying overhead and a prominent cliff. The flickering brushwork of the rocks and trees and the restless swirls of water masterfully evoke the poet’s emotional state. The illustration is followed by Gaozong’s transcription of the text in draft cursive (zhangcaoshu) calligraphy, with the seals of Gaozong’s retirement palace. Ma’s style is also exemplified by a pair of album leaves, Old Tree by Water and Cranes Crying by a Clear Spring (both Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). In ink monochrome on paper, these display a rich variety of even more sensitive brushwork. Despite their current titles, they illustrate poems from the Shijing and may represent master drafts for the more formal Shijing scrolls. Although the tiny signatures on the two works may be later additions, the reliability of the paintings is attested by the seals of Ma’s biographer Zhuang Su, who was an important collector and connoisseur. --DOA", -"date": "d. ca. 1190", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NTTFacilities", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "NTT Facilities", + "comment": "New Look of Environmental Design For a Sustainable Environment and Society, Tokyo: Orange Book Co., Ltd., 2005. Japanese engineering firm", + "date": "active early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaJian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ma, Jian", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese writer from Qingdao, Shandong, resides in Beijing.", -"date": "born 1953", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NuellChristieLong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nuell, Christie Long", + "comment": "Acton, David; Sixty Years of North American Prints: 1947-2007, Boston: Boston Printmakers, 2009. English printmaker, studied in Rome and England, works in the United States", + "date": "born 1951", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaJienya", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ma, Jienya", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Ma Chien-ya", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NumataIchiga", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Numata, Ichiga", + "comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", + "date": "1873-1954", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaJun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ma, Jun", -"comment": "Barnhart, Richard M; Painters of the great Ming: the Imperial Court and the Zhe School, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 1993. Ming dynasty", -"date": "15th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NurJahan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nur Jahan", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Daughter of Mirza Ghiyas Beg, wife of Nuruddin Salim Jahangir", + "date": "active 1628", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaJunxiang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ma, Junxiang", -"comment": "Clunas, Craig; Art in China, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NusbaumJ", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nusbaum, J.", + "comment": "Loze, Pierre and François Loze; Belgium Art Nouveau: from Victor Horta to Antoine Pompe, Ghent: Eiffel Editions, 1991. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaKelu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ma, Kelu", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter, part of the No Name group and the Yuyuantan Lake School of Painting (Yuyuantan huapai)", -"date": "born 1954", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NushabadAli", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nushabad, Ali", + "comment": "Piotrovsky, M.B. and Rogers, J.M., eds.; Heaven On Earth: Art from Islamic Lands: Works from The State Hermitage Museum and the Khalili Collection, New York: Prestel Publishing, 2004. ", + "date": "first half of 14th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaLin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ma, Lin", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). m22l38 Alternate names: Ma Lin, 馬麟 Song dynasty Ma family: Chinese family of painters. The Ma family was from Hezhong (modern Yongqi) in Shanxi Province. They established an unbroken line of five generations of artists: Ma Fen (b 1080–90); Ma Xingzu (b 1105–15); Ma Gongxian and Ma Shirong (b 1130–40); (1) Ma Yuan (d after 1225); Ma Kui (b 1155–65); and (2) Ma Lin (d after 1256). Based on the 1298 notation in Hua ji buyi (see Zhuang Su, p. 14) and backed by the style of his most famous surviving painting, Yaoshan and Li Ao (Kyoto, Nanzenji), Ma Gongxian may well have been Ma Yuan’s grandson. This continuity appears to have resulted from a decree (1056) of the emperor Renzong (reg 1023–63) to the effect that court painters were forbidden to transfer into the regular system of civil service and the advancement this implied, ‘so that their arts can be handed down and specialized for generations to come’ (see 1980–81 exh. cat., p. xxviii). --DOA", -"date": "mid 13th century, d. after 1246", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NyaungUSawrahanKingofPagan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nyaung-U Sawrahan, King of Pagan", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. King in Pagan, also known as the Taungthugyi Min; responsible for building five magnificent monuments in Pagan, Burma.", + "date": "r. 931-964", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaLiuming", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ma, Liuming", -"comment": "Heartney, Eleanor; Art & Today, New York: Phaidon Press, Inc., 2008. Chinese artist, born in Huangshi, Hubei Province, resides in Beijing; studied at Hubei Academy of Fine Arts, 1991.", -"date": "b. 1969", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OTroitzsch", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "O. Troitzsch", + "comment": "Deutsches Historisches Museum; Kunst! Kommerz! Visionen!: Deutsche Plakate, 1888-1933, Heidelberg: Edition Braus, 1992. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaQinglian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ma, Qinglian", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Liaoyang, Liaoning Province; joined in Liaoning branch of the Chinese Artists' Association in 1979; alternate name: 马庆廉", -"date": "born 1942", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OakesEdwardEverett", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Oakes, Edward Everett", + "comment": "Meyer, Marilee Boyd; Inspiring Reform: Boston's Arts and Crafts Movement, Wellesley: Davis Museum and Cultural Center, 1997. Jewelry designer", + "date": "1891-1960", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaQuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ma, Quan", -"comment": "Weidner, Marsha, Ellen Johnston Laing, Irving Yucheng Lo, Christina Chu, and James Robinson; Views from Jade Terrace: Chinese Women Artists 1300-1912, Indianapolis: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 1988 (0847810038). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OberhoffJacques", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Oberhoff, Jacques", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaShi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ma, Shi", -"comment": "Kobayashi, Tadashi, Taishu Komatsu and Shugu Asano; Ukiyoe, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaShirong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ma, Shirong", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). m22s43r29 Alternate names: Ma Shih-jung, 馬世榮 Song dynasty Ma family: Chinese family of painters. The Ma family was from Hezhong (modern Yongqi) in Shanxi Province. They established an unbroken line of five generations of artists: Ma Fen (b 1080–90); Ma Xingzu (b 1105–15); Ma Gongxian and Ma Shirong (b 1130–40); (1) Ma Yuan (d after 1225); Ma Kui (b 1155–65); and (2) Ma Lin (d after 1256). Based on the 1298 notation in Hua ji buyi (see Zhuang Su, p. 14) and backed by the style of his most famous surviving painting, Yaoshan and Li Ao (Kyoto, Nanzenji), Ma Gongxian may well have been Ma Yuan’s grandson. This continuity appears to have resulted from a decree (1056) of the emperor Renzong (reg 1023–63) to the effect that court painters were forbidden to transfer into the regular system of civil service and the advancement this implied, ‘so that their arts can be handed down and specialized for generations to come’ (see 1980–81 exh. cat., p. xxviii). --DOA", -"date": "ca. 1131 - 1162", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OberoiGroup", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Oberoi Group", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1966", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaShouzhen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ma, Shouzhen", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). m22s44z42 Alternate names: Ma Shou-chen, Ma Xianglan, 馬守貞 Ming dynasty Courtesan in Nanjing, renowned for her beauty, charm and outstanding talent in painting, which began in childhood. Most famous relationship was her lifelong affair with popular poet and calligrpaher Wang Zhideng. Ma's painting specialty was orchids, particularly in the "double-outline" technique. Her affinity for the flower resulted in taking the name Xianglan ("Xiang River Orchid"). Her painting skill was recognized by her contemporaries and her works were widely collected. --Weidner So many courtesans took up the brush in the late Ming that the period might be regarded as the age of the courtesan in the history of Chinese women painters. Ma Shouzhen shared the stage with such other painting courtesans as Xue Susu ( fl late 16th–mid-17th century), Lin Xue ( fl first half 17th century), Gu Mei (1619–64), Dong Bai (1625–51) and Liu Shi (1618–64). All are known because of their alliances with leading literati. To win upper-class admirers, these women cultivated skills in poetry, calligraphy, painting and music, the same pastimes enjoyed by their clients. With some exceptions, such as Lin Xue, who specialized in landscape, the courtesans generally painted simple floral and plant subjects that could be easily mastered and spontaneously executed for the amusement of a gentleman caller. The orchid, a metaphor for a beauty living in pure seclusion, was a favourite subject. Ma Shouzhen painted orchids in ink, or in ink and light colours, with a delicate touch and calculated refinement.--DOA", -"date": "1548-1604", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ObizziPioEneadegli", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Obizzi, Pio Enea degli", + "comment": "Chatfield, Judith; Classic Italian Garden, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1991. ", + "date": "active mid 16th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaYali", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ma, Yali", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Ma Ya-li", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ŌchiShōkan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ōchi, Shōkan", + "comment": "Name derived from a web site. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaYuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ma, Yuan", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). m22y37 Alternate names: Ma Yüan, 馬遠 Song dynasty (b Qiantang, Lin’an [modern Hangzhou], Zhejiang Province, c. 1155; d after 1225). Together with Xia gui, he is often mentioned in Chinese criticism as epitomizing the highest level of painting at the Southern Song (1127–1279) Academy centred in Lin’an (within the area of modern Hangzhou), Zhejiang Province (see China, §V, 4(i)(c)). There is no clear account of Ma Yuan’s life. He appears to have served as zhihou (usher) and daizhao (painter in attendance) under three emperors: Guangzong (reg 1190–94), Ningzong (reg 1195–1224) and Lizong (reg 1225–64). He was certainly a mature and celebrated painter by 1200. In that year Ningzong’s favourite concubine, surnamed Yang (1162–1232), was elevated to empress and thereafter, as a skilled calligrapher and patron of the arts, often added inscriptions and seals to Ma Yuan’s paintings. For example, the small, unsigned hanging scroll Solitary Fisherman (Tokyo, N. Mus.) bears such a seal with the name of the empress’s palace, Kunning, and a date corresponding to 1211. The handscroll Twelve Scenes of Water (Beijing, Pal. Mus.) bears a seal with a legend referring to the year 1222. This scroll also bears an inscription noting that it was presented to the da liangfu (‘elder two authorities’), a term for the two heads of the military and civilian administration, further confirming that Ma Yuan’s art reached the highest official circles (the ‘elder’ was her nephew, Yang Gu). Empress Yang’s calligraphy or seals occur on a further important group of Ma Yuan paintings, including the two flower studies Apricot and Peach and Banquet by Lantern Light (all Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), as well as on the hanging scrolls depicting 9th- and 10th-century Chan Buddhist patriarchs Yunmen and Fayan (both Kyoto, Tenryūji) and Dongshan (Tokyo, N. Mus.). The date of Banquet by Lantern Light can be placed somewhere between 1207 and 1219, helping to further clarify Ma Yuan’s style in the early 13th century. Ma Yuan was a friend of Zhang Zi (1153–c. 1212), a wealthy aristocrat, official and sometime recluse noted for his elegant gardens and the lavish entertainments held there. In a poem for Ma Yuan, inspired by the painting View beneath Groves, which he had commissioned, he equated Ma’s passion for painting with his own passion for poetry. Ma Yuan’s paintings themselves, either by his hand or attibuted, indicate what motivated his art. His subjects are consistent with courtly taste: paintings described above depict evening entertainment in an elegant villa and is a flowering branch that might have grown in the garden of such a villa. The scholarly aristocrat in nature is found in On a Mountain Path in Spring (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). His relationship with Chan Buddhism is reflected not only in the portraits of Tang-period (ad 618–907) patriarchs, but also in his somewhat enigmatic treatment of ordinary subjects, such as the quiet huddle of birds in Egrets in the Snow (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) and the chilled fuel-gatherer in Through Snowy Mountains at Dawn (late 12th to early 13th century; see fig.). Confucian tradition influenced Ma Yuan’s Two Scholars under a Plum Tree (Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.), as well as two scrolls often attributed to him: Composing Poetry on a Spring Outing (Kansas City, MO, Nelson–Atkins Mus. A.; a recent hypothesis connects this painting with Zhang Zi’s garden) and Four Sages of Mt Shang (Cincinnati, OH, A. Mus.). The world of the immortals is treated in Riding a Dragon (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) or in the representation of the Daoist figure Lü Dongbin (Chongqing, Mun. Mus.), and the three sages of Buddhism, Daoism and Confucianism (Shakyamuni, Laozi and Confucius) were depicted in Three Teachings, a painting no longer extant mentioned by the 13th-century critic Zhou Mi. There are also paintings of more complete landscapes, notably Bare Willows and Distant Mountains (Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.) and the attributed Landscape in Wind and Rain (Tokyo, Seikadō Bunko). A recently discovered album (New York, C. C. Wang priv. col.) may further expand the range of this genre. Ma Yuan’s style is particularly characteristic. Words in Chinese criticism used to define it convey notions of condensed concentration: ‘exact severity’ (yanzheng), charcoal or ‘burnt ink’ (jiaomo) and ‘squeezed brush’ (jiabi). His rocks are described as ‘square and hard’ (fangying), and a sharp jab of the brush in defining surfaces, especially of mountain and rock, is termed ‘axe-stroke’ (fupi). His line might be short, broken and abbreviated; the term ‘nail-head, rat tail’ (dingtou shuwei) is applied to it, meaning a line that begins strongly and then tapers. Modern scholars have noted his use of a vibrant stroke known as ‘tremulous brush’ (zhanbi). A striking feature of Ma Yuan’s compositions is the emphasis on one corner. The earliest traced comment on this is from the critic Rao Ziran (fl c. 1340), who pointed out that most compositions considered to be by Ma Yuan were ‘side-cornered’ (bianjiao), although there were also ‘complete compositions’ (quanjing). It was the former, however, that became most persistently associated with Ma; in the 15th century the term ‘one-corner Ma’ appeared. In the early part of the Ming period (1368–1644) the court painter Guo Shun (1370–1444) attached political meaning to Ma Yuan’s striking brevity: ‘the remains of mountains and rivers mean the partial peace of Song’. Ma Yuan’s style, along with that of Xia Gui, was a corner-stone for the development of the Zhe school in the Ming period. By the early 17th century Dong Qichang had identified Ma Yuan with a category of painting he designated the Northern school, connoting lack of individual spontaneity and scholarly refinement. In modern times this narrow view is greatly questioned, and Ma Yuan is considered one of the giants of Chinese painting. --DOA", -"date": "active ca. 1190 - 1224", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaYuanyu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ma, Yuanyu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). m22y37y35 Alternate names: Ma Yüan-yü, 馬元 馭 Qing dynasty From Jiangsu. Pupil of Yun Shouping. Painted birds and landscapes. --Seymour", -"date": "1669 - 1722", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OchiaiRofu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ochiai, Rofu", + "comment": "Takashina, Shuji and Toru Asano; Modanizumu to dentō, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", + "date": "1896-1937", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaberrySue", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Maberry, Sue", -"comment": "Broude, Norma and Mary D. Garrar, eds.; Power of Feminist Art: the American Movement of the 1970s, History and Impact, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994. 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(http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e3352.html)", + "date": "1618", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MacariusSaintBishopofJerusalem", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Macarius, Saint, Bishop of Jerusalem", -"comment": "New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia; http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/. ", -"date": "r. 312-335", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OdaUrakusai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Oda, Urakusai", + "comment": "Ono, Masaaki and Katsuhiko Mizuno; Hidden Gardens of Kyoto, English language edition, Tokyo: Kodansha International, 2004. 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", + "date": "1876-1935", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MacDonaldB", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "MacDonald, B.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OfficeofEmergencyManagement", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Office of Emergency Management", + "comment": "Meggs, Philip B. A History of Graphic Design. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992.. 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", -"date": "born 1941", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OfficeofJohnVinci", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Office of John Vinci", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. firm renamed Vinci/Hamp in 1995", + "date": "1978-1995", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Mach", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Mach", -"comment": "Bernard, Bruce; Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography, 1840-1940, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. 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Los Angeles based architecture firm founded by Jennifer Siegal", + "date": "active ca. 2000-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MachidaRyuyo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Machida, Ryuyo", -"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OharaKen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ohara, Ken", + "comment": "Szarkowski, John and Shoji Yamagishi; New Japanese Photography, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1974. ", + "date": "born 1942", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MackayS", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Mackay, S.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OhmeHermanandRuth", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ohme, Herman and Ruth", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Husband and wife who developed their 40-acre property into what is now known as Ohme Gardens near Wenatchee, Washington", + "date": "active 1929-1971", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MackenzieColin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Mackenzie, Colin", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Colonel Colin Mackenzie was Surveyor General of India, and an art collector and orientalist. 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", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MartonDrJanos", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Marton, Dr. Janos", -"comment": "Heartney, Eleanor; Art & Today, New York: Phaidon Press, Inc., 2008. founder of 'The Living Museum'", -"date": "active after 1980", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PalmerCopperShop", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Palmer Copper Shop", + "comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. 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", -"date": "1790-1838", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PalmerLillianMacNeill", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Palmer, Lillian MacNeill", + "comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. 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", -"date": "18th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PanTianshou", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pan, Tianshou", + "comment": "Laing, Ellen Johnston; Winking Owl: Art from the People's Republic of China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988 (0520060970). Chinese painter from Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Province; calligrapher, art historian, traditional-style painter; taught at the art academy in Hangzhou; known for his finger paintings and his monumental scrolls; much persecuted during the Cultural Revolution.", + "date": "1897-1971", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Masao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Masao", -"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. 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American printmaker, based in Boston; acting president of the Massachusetts School of Art, founding member of the Boston Printmakers.", + "date": "1888-1973", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MerrimanHoltArchitects", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Merriman Holt Architects", -"comment": "Architecture of Philip Johnson, Boston : Bulfinch Press, 2002. ", -"date": "late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PhilipJohnsonRitchieandFioreArchitects", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Philip Johnson, Ritchie & Fiore Architects", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "est. 1994", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MerrymountPress", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Merrymount Press", -"comment": "Blakesley, Rosalind; Arts and Crafts Movement, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2006. Printing company considered the finest representative of the Arts and Crafts Movement in American book arts, as influenced by William Morris. Most of the archives of the firm are conserved in the Boston Athenaeum.", -"date": "1893-1941", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PhilipLotteBrand", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Philip, Lotte Brand", + "comment": "Snyder, James; Northern Renaissance Art: Painting, Sculpture, the Graphic Arts from 1350 to 1575, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey; New York: Prentice-Hall, Inc.; Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1985 (0136235964). ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MespouletandMignon", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Mespoulet and Mignon", -"comment": "Bernard, Bruce; Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography, 1840-1940, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PhilipsandLee", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Philips & Lee", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Mancester", + "date": "active early 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MessedagliaFilippoCesare", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Messedaglia, Filippo Cesare", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1823-1901", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PhilipsCharles", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Philips, Charles", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Archaeologist responsible for continuing the excavation of the Sutton Hoo Ship Burial", + "date": "1938-1939", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MessrsSwain", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Messrs Swain", -"comment": "Smith, Greg and Sarah Hyde; Walter Crane, 1845-1915: Artist, Designer, Socialist, London: Lund Humphries, in association with the Whitworth Art Gallery, University of Manchester. ", -"date": "active mid 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PhilipsHarryF", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Philips, Harry F.", + "comment": "Lochnan, Katharine A., Douglas E. Schoenherr, and Carole Silver; Earthly Paradise: Arts and Crafts by William Morris and his Circle from Canadian Collections, Toronto: Key Porter Books for the Art Gallery of Ontario, 1993. British photographer based in Leek", + "date": "active ca. 1910 ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MestralO", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Mestral, O.", -"comment": "Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. New York: Abbeville Press, 1997.. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PhillipsDonnaLee", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Phillips, Donna-Lee", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "b.1941", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MetropolitanMuseumMaster", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Metropolitan Museum Master", -"comment": "Getz-Preziosi, Pat; Sculptors of the Cyclades: Individual and Tradition in the Third Millennium B.C., Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1987. ", -"date": "3200-2700 BCE", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PhippsJohnS", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Phipps, John S.", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MeunierGeorges", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Meunier, Georges", -"comment": "Rennert, Jack; Posters of the Belle Epoque: the Wine Spectator Collection, New York: Wine Spectator Press, 1990. Georges Meunier (1869-1942), a native of Paris, was educated both in the classical tradition and in the new decorative arts. He started as a painter, good enough to have works accepted for the exhibition by the Société des Artistes Français as well as the Salon des Humoristes. In poster work, in which he became active at the age of 25, he was greatly influenced by Jules Chéret; in fact, much of his work was lithographed at the Chaix shop where Chéret also did his posters. A majority of Georges Meunier's poster output dates from the Golden Years, 1894-98; later, he became more active as a book illustrator. ", -"date": "1869-1942", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PhoenixFurnitureCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Phoenix Furniture Company", + "comment": "Kaplan, Wendy; 'The Art That is Life': The Arts and Crafts Movement in America, 1875-1920, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1987. Grand Rapids, Michigan", + "date": "1870-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MewesandDavis", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Mewes and Davis", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PhoenixIronWorks", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Phoenix Iron Works", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1792-1987", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MeyerJosephFortune", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Meyer, Joseph Fortune", -"comment": "Green, Nancy E. and Jessie Poesch; Arthur Wesley Dow and American Arts and Crafts, New York: American Federation of Arts; Harry N. Abrams, 1999. born Alsace-Lorraine; ceramic artist associated with the Newcomb Pottery atelier in New Orleans", -"date": "1848-1931", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PielDenis", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Piel, Denis", + "comment": "Carlson, Peter and William Wilson; Manstyle: The GQ Guide to Fashion, Fitness, and Grooming, New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc., Publishers, 1977. Fashion photographer", + "date": "active ca. 1980", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MezrinaAA", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Mezrina, A. A.", -"comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", -"date": "1853-1938", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PieneOtto", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Piene, Otto", + "comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", + "date": "born 1928", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiFu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Mi, Fu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). m32f32 Alternate names: Mi Fu (Mi Fei), 米芾 Song dynasty (1) Mi Fu [Mi Fei; zi Yuanzhang, hao Nangong, Lumen Jushi, Xiangyang Manshi, Haiyue Waishi] (b Xiangyang, Hubei Province, 1051; d Huaiyang, Jiangsu Province, 1107). He was an influential calligrapher whose critical assessments and connoisseurship contributed to Chinese aesthetic scholarship. None of his paintings survive, but authenticated copies display an independence of vision greatly admired and frequently imitated. A dedicated antiquarian, he exemplified the Chinese ideal of integrating scholarship, aesthetics and official life. Mi came from a family of cultured, landowning aristocrats and grew up familiar with court life. He began his collection of old calligraphy and paintings as a youth and throughout his life sought to upgrade its quality. He was also an individualist and the subject of numerous anecdotes: his reputation for cleanliness was proverbial. He immersed himself in the study of the past and even wore clothes from the Tang period (ad 618–907). He apparently never took official examinations but nonetheless received numerous governmental appointments, perhaps because of his mother’s former position as wetnurse to the empress Yongsong (reg c. second third of the 11th century). He took advantage of posts throughout the country to study landscape and art collections. When the emperor Huizong (reg 1101–25) founded a college of painting and calligraphy in 1104, Mi was appointed its head (see China, §V, 4(i)(c)). Mi Fu made an extremely thorough study of ancient paintings and calligraphy, and his publications on these subjects are among the most important in the history of Chinese art theory. The Baozheng daifeng lu (‘Records of searches for precious scrolls’; preface dated 1086) presents astute, though fairly conventional, analyses and assessments of early works and reflects his own poetic ability. The practical advice it gives about the care of scrolls is still commonly accepted. In his Hua shi (‘History of painting’) his commentaries about contemporary works are merciless. He presented no fixed rules or classification for the appreciation of painting but based his judgements on his personal aesthetic response to individual works. He felt that the most important quality in a work of art was its naturalness (Chin. tianzhen): not the realism of the image, but rather an artlessness and innocence of content and execution. In keeping with literati theory, his assessments were not confined to form and style but were also concerned with the moral quality of the artist reflected in the work of art (see China, §V, 4(ii)). He considered landscapes to be the only subject really worthy of classification as a creative art: landscapes ‘possess inexhaustible delights, particularly when they have haze, clouds and mist effects; they are beautiful’ (Sirén, p. 34). This description fits his own compositional format. By the time he was 30 Mi had won recognition both as a critic and as a calligrapher. Indeed, he is listed as a calligrapher rather than a painter in the Xuanhe huapu (preface dated 1120), the catalogue of the imperial collection. He is generally classified as one of the Four Great Calligraphers of the Northern Song (960–1127), along with his good friend and mentor, Su Shi, Su’s disciple Huang Tingjian and Cai Xiang (see China, §IV, 2(iv)). Mi was proficient in numerous scripts, and many signed examples of his calligraphy still exist. These are much more easily authenticated than his paintings, for he usually signed his calligraphy. Su Shi advised him to study the calligraphy of the Eastern Jin (ad 317–420) masters, such as Wang Xizhi (see Wang (i), (1) ) in order to attain their ‘classical elevation’, and he also studied the Tang masters, including Yan zhenqing, Liu Gongquan (ad 778–865), Ouyang xun and Chu suiliang. His early work was criticized as imitative, but he quickly developed his own cursive interpretations, combining structural discipline with an unprecedented level of technical proficiency in brushwork. His large seal script (da zhuanshu) is directly derived from bronze inscriptions but nonetheless emphasizes brushwork over structure. Of the Four Great Calligraphers he was the only one to write in clerical script (lishu); he executed it using his customary running stroke technique, however, with the result that it is not considered equal to his other scripts. He had a distinctive manner of executing the grass radical element of a character with alternating horizontal and vertical strokes. Mi’s running script (xingshu), his best-known style, had a plump brushwork that has been described as making ‘one think of a striking tubby figure walking along a road’ (1961 exh. cat., p. 82; see China, fig. 94). The dashing quality of Mi’s other scripts led Su Shi to comment ‘like sailing in the wind and riding a horse into battle, his writing is exhilarating’. Huang Tingjian made a similar comparison, ‘like a sharp knife in battle, or an arrow in flight, what it touches must be pierced’; and Mi Fu himself described his approach thus, ‘other people write with one side [of the brush], I write with four sides’ (all 1971 exh. cat., p. 22). In so saying he explained that he used the brush as a painter rather than a calligrapher, exploiting every possibility of the flexibility of the line as well as the subtle nuances of ink tones. Mi’s calligraphy was greatly admired in the Ming period (1368–1644) and was copied by such artists as Wen Zhengming (see Wen, (1)), Zhu yunming and Dong qichang. Records indicate that Mi Fu did not begin to paint until the last years of his life. He has been said to have painted portraits and figures in the tradition of Li Gonglin, but it was primarily as a landscape painter that he was known and was most influential (see China, §V, 3(iv)(a)). His output was modest, and by the Southern Song period (1127–1279) examples were already extremely rare. He was nonetheless considered one of the most important representatives of the Southern school of landscape painting and credited with being one of the first of the literati to paint landscapes. He introduced new ideas into literati painting (shidaifu hua or wenren hua), emphasizing the character of the artist as revealed in the painting rather than the subject or composition. He developed a distinctive painting technique known as Mi dian cun (‘Mi’s dotting technique’), which was also used by his son, Mi Youren, but which has survived only in later imitations. The strokes are formed by laying down the side of the brush approximately parallel to the bottom of the paper. The result is an impressionistic overlaying of ink washes in graded tones that produces a soft and misty effect with a minimum of structured form and draughtsmanship. This style can only be achieved on paper and sometimes requires tools other than the traditional brush. The paintings are small and composed of rhythmically patterned forms that stress rounded, cone-shaped hills rising out of heavily obscuring mists. Mi’s style of painting was influential during the Yuan period (1279–1368); it can be seen in the work of Gao kegong, Fang congyi and others. While the general characteristics of Mi’s innovations can be seen in copies of his works, some of the traits that are re-created in some copies are not present in others. For example, one small scroll generally accepted as representing his principles is Auspicious Pine-trees in the Spring Mountains (Chunshan ruisong tu; see fig.). The impressionistic quality and use of heavily obscuring mists and patterned conical mountain forms are typical of Mi’s style, as are the limited use of linear elements and the rootless trees. The colours also are consistent with those used by Mi and his eldest son, Mi Youren (see (2) below), although the particular colour scheme appears to be an innovation of the Yuan period. An accompanying calligraphic inscription by the emperor Gaozong is no criterion of authenticity. --Seymour", -"date": "1051 - 1107", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PiermariniGregorio", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Piermarini, Gregorio", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "active mid 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiWanzhong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Mi, Wanzhong", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). m32w24z45 Alternate names: Mi Wan-chung, 米萬鍾 Ming dynasty One of the Four Masters of late Ming calligraphy, together with Xing Tong (1551–1612), Zhang Ruitu (1570-1641?), and Dong Qichang. --DOA", -"date": "ca. 1598 - 1628", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PiersonLouis", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pierson, Louis", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. photographer", + "date": "active mid 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiYouren", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Mi, Youren", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). m32y34r26 Alternate names: Mi Yu-jen, 米友仁 Song dynasty (2) Mi Youren [Mi Yu-jen; original ming Yinren; zi Yuanhui; hao Haiyue Houren, Lanzhou Daoren] (b probably in Xiangyang, Hubei Province, 1086; d 1165). Son of (1) Mi Fu. He served as Minister of War and Fuwen ge Scholar under the Southern Song emperor Gaozong, authenticating and appraising painting and calligraphy. The calligrapher Huang Tingjian gave him an ancient seal marked ‘Yuanhui’ offering him this name as his zi (style name), in an allusion to Mi Fu’s zi, Yuanzhang. This was a reference to the father–son name sequence of 4th-century masters Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi and implied an artistic continuation between the generations. Indeed, in calligraphy Mi Youren did follow Mi Fu’s style, though he did not equal him. In painting, Youren did not continue Fu’s depiction of figures and objects, but he did develop Fu’s famous misty landscape style, attaining such renown that he was overwhelmed by seekers of his paintings, and assistants had to make imitations, which he signed. Youren reinforced literati painting (wenren hua) ideals (see China, §V, 4(ii)) promulgated by Mi Fu, Su Shi, Wen Tong and others, spawning a genre of private art created by cognoscenti for each other, in which paintings functioned as personal, non-negotiable ‘images of the heart’ (xinyin). Youren called this type of painting ‘ink play’ (ximo). Eschewing linear contours and modelling strokes, he developed an unassertive, amorphous and cursory style of graded wash in wet or dry ink. Extant paintings attributed to Mi Youren include his White Clouds on the Xiao and Xiang (Xiao Xiang baiyun tu; date uncertain; Shanghai Mus.), Clearing Clouds over Distant Peaks (Yuanxiu qingyun tu; 1134; Osaka Mun. Mus.) and Impressions of Cloudy Mountains (Yunshan deyi tu; c. 1135; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), but these may all be of later date. One reliable Southern Song emanation is the Dream Journey along Xiao and Xiang (Xiao Xiang wayoutu; Tokyo, N. Mus.), later attached to Li Longmian. It shows the liberal application of dilute inkwash, the minimalist approach to incidents and the perspective of Southern Song vistas. In the Ming period (1368–1644) the Mi style became linearized, with strands of ‘Mi dots’ (Mi dian) arrayed in cascading ranks to cover areas once bathed in graded wash. --DOA", -"date": "1075 - 1151", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PieterFranz", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pieter, Franz", + "comment": "Rak, Jiri, Radim Vondracek and Clauda Terenzi; Biedermeier: Art and Culture in Central Europe, 1815-1848, Milan, New York: Skira Editore, Rizzoli International, 2001. ", + "date": "active early 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiaoXiaochun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Miao, Xiaochun", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. 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", + "date": "active 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MillerJames", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Miller, James", -"comment": "Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute; Masterpieces of American furniture from the Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, NY: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1999. 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", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MirzaBaba", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Mirza Baba", -"comment": "Falk, Toby, ed.; Treatures of Islam, London: Philip Wilson Publishers, Ltd., 1985 (0856671967). 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", + "date": "ca. 1769", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MirzaBabaalHusayni", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Mirza Baba al-Husayni", -"comment": "Falk, Toby, ed.; Treatures of Islam, London: Philip Wilson Publishers, Ltd., 1985 (0856671967). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PowellHJ", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Powell, H.J.", + "comment": "Menz, Christopher; Morris & Company: Pre-Raphaelites and the Arts and Crafts Movement in South Australia, Adelaide: Art Gallery of South Australia, 1994. 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Spanish educational project created within the national Museum of Education and the Second Spanish Republic", -"date": "1931-1936", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PowellLouise", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Powell, Louise", + "comment": "Wildman, Stephen and John Christian; Edward Burne-Jones: Victorian Artist-Dreamer, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, distributed by Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1998. ", + "date": "1882-1956", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiskellBrad", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Miskell, Brad", -"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PowellLucy", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Powell, Lucy", + "comment": "Victoria and Albert Museum web site. 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", -"date": "active 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PrestonJessieM", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Preston, Jessie M.", + "comment": "Barter, Judith A.; Apostles of Beauty: Arts and Crafts From Britain to Chicago, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. American metalworker", + "date": "1873-after 1942", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MissWright", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Miss Wright", -"comment": "Fairclough, Oliver and Emmeline Leary; Textiles by William Morris and Morris & Co., 1861-1940, London, Westfield, NJ: Thames and Hudson, Eastview Editions, 1981. ", -"date": "active 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PreuningPaul", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Preuning, Paul", + "comment": "Coutts, Howard; Art of Ceramics: European Ceramic Design, 1500-1830, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001. ", + "date": "active ca. 1540-1560", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MissYeats", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Miss Yeats", -"comment": "Fairclough, Oliver and Emmeline Leary; Textiles by William Morris and Morris & Co., 1861-1940, London, Westfield, NJ: Thames and Hudson, Eastview Editions, 1981. 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", -"date": "active early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PriceDavid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Price, David", + "comment": "George, Michael; Gardens of Ireland, New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1986. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MitchellErlistoun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Mitchell, Erlistoun", -"comment": "Menz, Christopher; Morris & Company: Pre-Raphaelites and the Arts and Crafts Movement in South Australia, Adelaide: Art Gallery of South Australia, 1994. ", -"date": "1868-1913", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PrintzEugene", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Printz, Eugene", + "comment": "Brunhammer, Yvonne and Suzanne Tise; Decorative Arts in France, 1900-1942, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1990. ", + "date": "1889-1948", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MitchellGiurgola", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Mitchell/Giurgola", -"comment": "Name derived from Art on File. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PriouxStanislas", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Prioux, Stanislas", + "comment": "Dehio, Georg and Gustav von Bezold; Die Kirchliche Baukunst des Abendlandes: Historisch und Systematisch Dargestellt, atlas v.5, Stuttgart: J.G. Cotta, 1969. ", + "date": "1816-1866", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MitsubishiCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Mitsubishi Company", -"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ProctorandGamble", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Proctor & Gamble", + "comment": "American century : art & culture. New York : Whitney Museum of American Art in association with W.W. Norton, c1999. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Mitsuharu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Mitsuharu", -"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Mitsukuni", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Mitsukuni", -"comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. 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Japanese artist", -"date": "1874-1936", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ProctorStephenSir", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Proctor, Stephen, Sir", + "comment": "British Listed Buildings. ", + "date": "active early 17th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Mitsutsugu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Mitsutsugu", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "fl. 1592-1596", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ProntiA", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pronti, A.", + "comment": "Brandenburg, Hugo; Ancient Churches of Rome From the Fourth to the Seventh Century, English edition, Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2005. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MIttagFodorEten", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "MIttag-Fodor, Eten", -"comment": "Fiedler, Jeannine and Peter Feierabend; Bauhaus, Cologne: Konemann, 2000. ", -"date": "active ca. 1930", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiuFu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Miu, Fu", -"comment": "He, Li and Michael Knight; Power and Glory: Court Arts of China's Ming Dynasty, San Francisco: Asian Art Museum, 2008. ", -"date": "1426-1435", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ProuserFredS", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Prouser, Fred S.", + "comment": "American century : art & culture. New York : Whitney Museum of American Art in association with W.W. 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Pupil of Watanabe Shōka, later Tomioka Eisen.", -"date": "1873-1914", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiyakeKokki", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Miyake, Kokki", -"comment": "Takashina, Shuji, Tetsuro Kagesato and Hideo Tanaka; Yōga to Nihonga, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. http://www.geidai.ac.jp/museum/exhibit/2004/modernism/modernism_list_en.htm", -"date": "1874-1954", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PrüstelHeinz", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Prüstel, Heinz", + "comment": "Kähler, Heinz; Art of Rome and Her Empire, Revised edition, New York: Greystone Press, 1965. German?", + "date": "1917-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiyamotoJuryo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Miyamoto, Juryo", -"comment": "Tokyo National Museum; 100th Anniversary of the Japan Art Institute: Lineage of Modern Japanese Art, Tokyo: Japan Art Institute, 1998. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PrytzThorolf", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Prytz, Thorolf", + "comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. ", + "date": "active late 19th-early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiyamotoMotoie", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Miyamoto, Motoie", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "fl. 1650-1675", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PseudoGalen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pseudo-Galen", + "comment": "Papadopoulo, Anlexandre; Islam and Muslim Art, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1979 (0810906414). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiyanoLeland", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Miyano, Leland", -"comment": "Otis, Denise; Grounds for Pleasure: Four Centuries of the American Garden, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2002. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiyatakeToyo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Miyatake, Toyo", -"comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. 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", -"date": "1817-1880", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiyazakiYuzen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Miyazaki, Yuzen", -"comment": "fFischer, Felice and Kyoko Kinoshita; Ike Taiga and Tokuyama Gyokuran: Japanese Masters of the Brush, Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2007. ", -"date": "early 18th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PuJie", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pu, Jie", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. 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", -"date": "1876-1954", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QasimAli", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Qasim 'Ali", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. painter, Safavid", + "date": "fl. 1494", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MooreJohn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Moore, John", -"comment": "George, Michael; Gardens of Ireland, New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1986. ", -"date": "d. 1903", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QawamadDin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Qawam ad-Din", + "comment": "Name derived from Archnet.org. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MooreLyndonTurnbullWhitaker", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Moore, Lyndon, Turnbull, Whitaker", -"comment": "Weston, Richard; Key Buildings of the Twentieth Century: Plans, Sections and Elevations, New York; London: W.W. Norton & Company, 2004. 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", -"date": "ca. 1958", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QiDan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Qi, Dan", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Zhejiang Province; specializes in woodcuts and traditional Chinese painting; alternate name: 戚单", + "date": "1919-1992", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoorhouseMajorLee", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Moorhouse, Major Lee", -"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. 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", -"date": "active waely 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QiXu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Qi, Xu", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q22x34 Alternate names: Ch'i Hsü, 祁序 Song dynasty Painted flowers, birds, water buffalos, and cats. --Seymour", + "date": "10th century ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Morgan92Group", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Morgan 92 Group", -"comment": "Pierpont Morgan Library. ", -"date": "active 13th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QiZhilong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Qi, Zhilong", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia; lives and works in Beijing.", + "date": "b. 1962", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorganCharlesL", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Morgan, Charles L.", -"comment": "Chicago Daily Tribune; International Competition for a New Administration Building for the Chicago Tribune, Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune, 1923. American architect, born Mt. Vernon, Illinois, graduated from University of Illinois, worked as an architect in Chicago, associate of Frank Lloyd Wright after 1929", -"date": "1890-1947", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QianDaxin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Qian, Daxin", + "comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese artist ", + "date": "b. 1922 ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorganEA", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Morgan, E. A.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QianDu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Qian, Du", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q24d42 Alternate names: Ch'ien Tu, 錢杜 Qing dynasty From Zhejiang province. Author. Landscapes in the style of Wen Zhengming. Flowers in the style of Yun Shouping. --Seymour", + "date": "1763 - 1844", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorganJamie", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Morgan, Jamie", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. British photographer of music stars, album covers, founder of London's creative collective Buffalo.", -"date": "active after 1980", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QianGong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Qian, Gong", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q24g33 Alternate names: Ch'ien Kung, 錢貢 Ming dynasty From Suzhou. Painted landscapes and figures. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 1573 - 1620", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorganJayP", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Morgan, Jay P.", -"comment": "Morgan, Jay P.; Slanted Lens, Santa Monica; Los Angeles: J.P. Morgan Pictures; General Publishing Group, 1997. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QianGu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Qian, Gu", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q24g35 Alternate names: Ch'ien Ku, 錢榖 Ming dynasty", + "date": "1508 - 1574", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QianHuian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Qian, Huian", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q24h42a4 Alternate names: Ch'ien Hui-an, 錢慧安 Qing dynasty Traditional school. Painted figures. --Seymour", + "date": "1833 - 1911", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorganWallsandClements", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Morgan, Walls and Clements", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Los Angeles firm consisting of partners Octavius Morgan, John Walls and Stiles Oliver Clements known for their art deco designs and the Richfield Tower in LA. Know as Morgan & Walls at the end of the 19th century.", -"date": "last quarter 19th century to second quarter 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QianJuntao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Qian, Juntao", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoriGyokusen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Mori, Gyokusen", -"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", -"date": "1791-1864", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorikawaToen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Morikawa, Toen", -"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. was a master of the ittobori, or single knife stroke technique of carving.", -"date": "1820-1894", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QianShoutie", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Qian, Shoutie", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorinandLongwood", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Morin and Longwood", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorinRoiL", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Morin, Roi L.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. draftsman for Herman Brookman", -"date": "active 1930s-1950s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QianWeicheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Qian, Weicheng", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q24s26c39 Alternate names: Ch'ien Wei-ch'eng, 錢維城 Qing dynasty", + "date": "1720 - 1772", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoritaKeiichi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Morita, Kei'ichi", -"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QianXuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Qian, Xuan", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). SEE: Qian Shunju (Xuan) q24x35 Alternate names: Ch'ien Hsüan, 錢選 Yuan dynasty", + "date": "ca.1235 - 1300?", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Moritoshi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Moritoshi", -"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QianlongEmperor", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Qianlong, Emperor", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q24l43 Alternate names: Ch'ien-lung, 乾隆 (b Beijing, 26 Sept 1711; reg 1736–96; d 7 Feb 1799). Chinese emperor, collector and artist. The name Qianlong is, in fact, an imperial reign title, but it is used for the emperor more generally than the alternative, Emperor Gaozong. The Qianlong emperor, fourth emperor of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911) ruled for 60 years, longer than any other emperor in Chinese history apart from Kangxi. Although he stepped down in 1796, he did not in fact relinquish power to his successor, the Jiaqing emperor (reg 1796–1820), until his death three years later. The empire he inherited after the able government of his father and grandfather, the Yongzheng (reg 1723–35) and Kangxi (reg 1662–1722) emperors, was strong and prosperous. By the time of Qianlong’s death, however, the country was suffering from financial strain and an erosion of power, caused by military expansion and the Emperor’s taste for luxury, as well as the corrupt practices instigated by his last chief minister, Heshen (1750–99), which spread to the court and officials. The Emperor is best known to art historians as a collector who amassed the largest collection of art known up to that point in China. Most of his painting and calligraphy, collected before 1793, is catalogued in three issues of the Shiqu baoji; all of it bears seal impressions, taken from more than 220 seals, many very large and conspicuous, in the collection. Seal imprints were accompanied by inscriptions in the Emperor’s hand, estimated to number in the tens of thousands. Qianlong was determined to incorporate everything of importance in his collection, and rather than purchasing items he either confiscated them as an imperial right or exerted pressure to encourage them to reach him as gifts or tribute. His passion for collecting extended to porcelain, bronzes, jades, writing implements and rare books. The concentration of so many works in the Emperor’s hands meant that, apart from the priveleged few, artists lost access to important early paintings, formerly scattered among the collections of fellow scholars and friends. The Chinese landscape painting tradition, which relied on the inspiration received and the imaginative re-creation suggested by the old masters, was dealt a fatal blow. For example instead of working directly from Wang Meng’s paintings, artists were forced to interpret the Wang Meng style through later painters. Finally, landscape painting lost all its vitality and was replaced by other genres. Removing painting as an artistic outlet for scholars had the side-effect of increasing the importance of calligraphy as an artistic diversion and was thus perhaps indirectly responsible for the intense interest taken in new models and the rise of the Northern stele school, which reached its height under the Jiaqing and Daoguang (reg 1821–50) emperors (see China, §IV, 2(vii)(b) and (c)). Qianlong had a fascination for things European, and a group of Europeans, headed by the Italian Jesuit giuseppe Castiglione became prominent at his court. They served primarily as architects, best known for buildings in a combination Rococo–Chinese style, constructed at the Yuanming yuan (known as the Old Summer Palace) outside Beijing, where the Emperor spent an increasing amount of time (see Beijing, §2 and fig. 1). Castiglione, a favourite of the Emperor, directed immense projects, such as the pictorial recording of the imperial campaigns, and painted likenesses of the Emperor’s preferred horses, pets and courtiers. Qianlong delighted in European gadgets, from toys to telescopes, and the Europeans were responsible for procuring these objects, instructing the Emperor in their use and keeping them repaired. Qianlong was a calligrapher of the Copybook (tie) school, as were his forebears, and he assiduously studied the works of Wang Xizhi, Zhao Mengfu, Wen Zhengming and Dong Qichang. His reign was famous for great calligraphers trained in traditional copybook models, including Liu Yong, Zhang Zhao (1691–1795) and Wang Wenzhi (1730–1802). The Emperor was prolific in his inscriptions and relied on others, including probably Zhung Zhao, to imitate his hand anonymously. His calligraphy cannot be considered as art: it is uniformly uninflected, though at least, unlike his painting, consistent, practised and smooth. Qianlong recorded that he began to study bird-and-flower painting in his collection and to paint when he was 19; he noted as his models the artists Xu Xi and Huang Quan, among others. The Emperor’s name came to be associated with paintings in every genre, as attested by one edition of the Shigu baoji (1745) mentioning over a thousand titles. However, most of the more skilful, detailed and coloured works contain little of his own brushwork and are products of court painters. A monochrome flower painting (1759; Princeton, U., NJ, A. Mus.) exemplifies the Emperor’s painting abilities. Directed by a court painter’s faint underdrawing in charcoal, the Emperor’s rendering of eight different kinds of flower is halting. The weak lines and flat, insipid brushwork, devoid of life, create a string of sad, wilted images. The calligraphy of his verse, appended to each flower, is in comparison stronger. Despite his indifferent talent, Qianlong continued to paint every day, as part of an invariable routine, until his death. --DOA ", + "date": "1711 - 1799 (r. 1736 - 1796)", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoriyaNobuo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Moriya, Nobuo", -"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. A furniture designer and interior decorator. ", -"date": "1893–1927", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QiaoZhongchang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Qiao, Zhongchang", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q26z45c35 Alternate names: Ch'iao Chung-ch'ang, 喬仲常 Song dynasty From Shanxi province. Painted religious pictures following Li Gonglin. Also, secular figures and landscapes. --Seymour", + "date": "first half 12th century ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoriyamaDaidoh", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Moriyama, Daidoh", -"comment": "Szarkowski, John and Shoji Yamagishi; New Japanese Photography, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1974. ", -"date": "born 1938", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QijiaDawa", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Qijia, Dawa", + "comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Ganzi, Sichuan province; member of the Tibetan minority", + "date": "born 1946", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoriyamaYoshihei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Moriyama, Yoshihei", -"comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", -"date": "1854-1915", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QinDahu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Qin, Dahu", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoroChristoforoDogeofVenice", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Moro, Christoforo, Doge of Venice", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1390-1471", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QinYi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Qin, Yi", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q28y28 Alternate names: Ch'in I, 欽揖 Ming dynasty From Suzhou. Landscapes and calligraphy. --Seymour", + "date": "17th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoroderSilvia", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Moroder, Silvia", -"comment": "George, Michael and Consuelo M. Correcher; Gardens of Spain, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1993. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QinYuanyue", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Qin, Yuanyue", + "comment": "Cohen, Joan Lebold; New Chinese Painting, 1949-1986, New York: Harry Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1987. Chinese artist from Beijing, teacher at the Central Institute of Nationalities art department; member of the Modern Heavy Color Movement", + "date": "b. 1940", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorozovAnatoly", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Morozov, Anatoly", -"comment": "Vartanov, Anri Surenovich, et al.; Antologiia sovetskoĭ fotografii, t. 1, Moskva: Izd-vo "Planeta", 1986. ", -"date": "1911-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QingWang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Qing, Wang", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese painter", + "date": "active 1950s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorrillSusie", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Morrill, Susie", -"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. American photographer", -"date": "b. 1960", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QiuShiMissQiu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Qiu, Shi (Miss Qiu)", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q33s43 Alternate names: Ch'iu Shih, Duling neishi, Miss Qiu, 仇氏 Ming dynasty Especially noted for her pictures of Guanyin. Published an album, "Portraits of Guanyin," with a forward by Du Jin. --Weidner From Suzhou. Daughter of Qiu Ying. Painted figures in the style of her father. Buddhist figures and landscapes. --Seymour", + "date": "mid - late 16th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorrisHWhitehouseandAssociates", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Morris H. Whitehouse & Associates", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. During the early 1920s, Whitehouse practiced under the firm name of Morris H. Whitehouse, Architect. In 1926, the name was changed to Morris H. Whitehouse & Associates after he established a partnership with A. Glenn Stanton and Walter E. Church. Significant projects from this period include Temple Beth Israel, the United States Courthouse, and Multnomah Civic Stadium in Portland, Or. In 1932, the firm became known as Whitehouse, Stanton & Church, but Stanton left to start his own firm in 1935. In 1936, Whitehouse & Church lost a competition to design the new Oregon State Capitol, but they supervised its construction, which was completed in 1938. The firm designed the Oregon State Library, which was completed in 1939.", -"date": "1926-1932", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QiuShihua", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Qiu, Shihua", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese painter, born in Sichuan Province; lives and works in Shenzhen.", + "date": "b. 1940", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorrisD", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Morris, D.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QiuWenbo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Qiu, Wenbo", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q33w27b38 Alternate names: Ch'iu Wen-po, 丘文播 Five dynasties From Sichuan province. Painted Buddhist and Daoist figures, landscapes, buffalos. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 933 - 965", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorrisJane", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Morris, Jane", -"comment": "Fairclough, Oliver and Emmeline Leary; Textiles by William Morris and Morris & Co., 1861-1940, London, Westfield, NJ: Thames and Hudson, Eastview Editions, 1981. ", -"date": "active 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QiuYing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Qiu, Ying", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q33y32 Alternate names: Ch'iu Ying, 仇英 Ming dynasty (b Taicang, Jiangsu Province, ?1494; d c. 1552). Chinese painter. Chinese historical writings refer to Qiu as one of the Four Great Masters of the Ming period (1368–1644), along with Shen Zhou, Wen Zhengming and Tang Yin. He was born into a humble family and studied painting with Zhou Chen in Suzhou, centre of the Wu school of painting, but lived and worked on the fringes of scholarly Suzhou society. His livelihood depended solely upon his skill in satisfying the tastes and demands of his patrons. More fortunate than other commercial artists, he had three art collectors as patrons, with each of whom he stayed for several years. One was Chen Guan from Suzhou. The other two were Zhou Fenglai (1523–55), from nearby Kunshan, and the well-known wealthy collector Xiang Yuanbian, whose home was in Jiaxing in Zhejiang Province. To satisfy his patrons, Qiu depicted a broad range of subjects in a wide variety of styles. Some of his pictures were commemorative, while others were used as birthday or presentation gifts. His paintings emphasize visual beauty, often including detailed luxuriant settings and rich colours, reflecting the deep-rooted sensuousness that is a major aspect of Ming taste. He also made exact copies of ancient masterpieces, and this and his talent for incorporating older motifs into his own work have made it difficult to establish his oeuvre, a problem compounded by a lack of extant dated works and a plethora of imitations and forgeries. Although many landscape paintings assigned to him today are rendered in opaque bright blue and green pigments, many of these are problematic as being from his hand. More easily acceptable are his works in the softer version of this style, as was popular among other 16th-century artists, in which the colours are muted and translucent, as in his illustration (handscroll, ink and colours on paper; Shenyang, Liaoning Prov. Mus.) of the prose poem Chibi fu (‘Ode on the red cliff’) by Su Shi or Towers and Pavilions in Immortals Mountains (hanging scroll, ink and colours on paper; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). Qiu’s reliance upon and abilities to recreate the qualities of Song dynasty paintings is demonstrated in Awaiting the Ferry by an Autumn River (hanging scroll, ink and colours on silk; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) where the entire central portion is derived from Autumn Landscape, once attributed to the Southern Song artist Liu Sungnian, and is perhaps an early close copy of his work (album leaf, ink and light colours on silk; Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.). Many Song artists strove for accurate depiction of landscape scenes with great fidelity to natural nuances and Qiu’s picture has been praised for its ‘surprisingly illusionistic rendering of late-afternoon sunlight and shade’. Six remarkable paintings associated with Qiu, exceptional in their arresting and sensitive descriptions of times of day and for unusual treatments of the sky, are gathered in the album Landscapes after Song and Yuan Masters (ink and colours on silk; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). The most stunning picture in the album depicts a rustic environment at dusk. The hues of the landscape are muted, those of the sky darkening; the brightest spot is near the centre where two gentlemen sit in conversation in a villa, its lighted buildings and compound aglow in the subdued surroundings. Five leaves in this album originally had a line of characters scribbled along their right edge, however the pages have been trimmed so that little of the text remains. The legible portions do not seem to be poetry; they may simply be descriptive notes to be followed by the artist. If so, this is a unique revelation of how an artist may have worked, jotting down as reminders the motifs in a painting he saw and wanted to replicate at a later time or simply noting image ideas for a painting. In other landscapes, such as A Lady in a Lakeside Pavilion (hanging scroll, ink and light colours on paper; Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.), Qiu blends the angular rhythms and rhomboidal rock formations as well as the asymetrical composition, all derived from those of his teacher Zhou Chen, and recalling the art of Li Tang, the influential artist of the Northern Song period (960–1127) with the dry ink and sparse brushwork reflecting Yuan dynasty preferences. Qiu was a conscientious observer of reality who scrupulously transferred what he saw into his pictures. A superb draftsman, he excelled in faultlessly depicting the human figure, architecture, objects and nature accurately and convincingly, even, sometimes, in miniature. His buildings, pavilions and terraces are always completely rendered as completely comprehensible architecture defining spaces designed for living, never merely as structure. Qiu’s profound sensitivity to nature far exceeded that of other artists. His plants always grow out of the soil, branch and leaf are in correct relation to each other, grass blades cluster properly. He rarely used pepper dots or other generic ‘foliage’ conventions when he could, instead, depict rushes, or reeds, or grasses, or lotus leaves. Some of Qiu’s figure paintings, such as Soliciting a Donkey for Mr Zhu (handscroll, ink on paper; New York, Met.), imitate the plain-line drawing (baimiao) of the 11th-century artist Li Gonglin. Qiu’s male faces, squarish in shape with the eyes sharply askew, were influenced by his older contemporary working in Nanjing, Wu Wei. His female figures are more distinctly his own, as in Spring Morning in the Han Palace (handscroll, ink and colours on silk; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), in which oval feminine faces are defined with an even, regular contour. The eyes are usually askew, a convention related to the fact that the face is drawn from a three-quarter view, with some of it always visible beyond the corner of the far eye. Eyebrows are thin, short arcs, often pointed at the centre. Lips are rarely completely indicated and the corners are pulled sharply upward into a V-shaped smile. A small dot may accentuate the lower lip. In his treatment of clothing Qiu’s brushwork is generally controlled and carefully descriptive of folds or creases. However, in Playing Music under the Banana Trees (hanging scroll, ink and colours on paper; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) the figures are more freely drawn, perhaps representing the influence of contemporary Nanjing artists who employed more flamboyant, erratic brushwork. Qiu sometimes manipulated imagery to communicate abstract scholarly ideas. The Garden of Self-enjoyment (handscroll, ink and colours on paper; Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.) depicts the halls and pavilions of the garden of the 11th-century scholar-statesman Sima Guang. An abrupt shift of viewpoint just before the final pavilion, the Viewing the Mountain Terrace, forces the viewer to focus beyond the garden to high hills and flowing streams. By this means Qiu emphasized visually the meaning given by Sima Guang to his garden in his own writings: a Confucian interpretation conveyed metaphorically through allusions to climbing heights and reminiscing about history and the past. Many works by Qiu contain mildly eroticized motifs derived from poetic conventions. In the Chinese symbolic vocabulary, a woman standing on the balcony of a second-story of a house implies she is gazing in the direction her lord took when they parted. Titillating thoughts in the mind of the viewer might be evoked by A Lady in a Lakeside Pavilion where a lovely woman stands on a balcony and gazes out over the lake. Her hands are in her sleeves, and one hand is raised to her chin in a standard gesture of a love-lorn woman. In the Chinese poetic lexicon, the spring wind is ‘an impetuous lover’. In A Lady in a Lakeside Pavilion, the spring breeze, which stirs amorous thoughts, is suggested by the agitated, fluttering fringe. In A Beauty in Spring Thoughts (handscroll, ink and light colours on paper; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), the dainty woman toys with her girdle as a prelude to lovemaking. Although Qiu had many followers, including his son, daughter and a son-in-law, as well as many imitators, none attained his stature, and he has no real successors. --DOA", + "date": "1495 - 1552", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorrisRosemary", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Morris, Rosemary", -"comment": "Greene, Rachel; Internet Art, London: Thames & Hudson, 2004. ", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QiuZhijie", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Qiu, Zhijie", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Fujian Province, resides in Beijing; studied at the Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts in Hangzhou, 1992.", + "date": "born 1969", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorrisonACraig", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Morrison, A. Craig", -"comment": "O'Gorman, James F.; Architecture of Frank Furness, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1973. ", -"date": "third quarter 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QuDing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Qu, Ding", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c45d36 Alternate names: Ch'ü Ting, 屈鼎 Song dynasty Academy painter. Painted landscapes following Yan Wengui. --Seymour", + "date": "active ca. 1023 - 1056", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorrisonDarrel", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Morrison, Darrel", -"comment": "Benedikt, Michael; Overland Partners: Building on Values: Costruire sui valori, Milan: L'Arca Edizioni, 2002. landscape architect", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QuGuhan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Qu, Guhan", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorrocchiConstantino", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Morrocchi, Constantino", -"comment": "Chatfield, Judith; Classic Italian Garden, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1991. ", -"date": "active mid 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QuLeilei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Qu, Leilei", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist. Member of the Stars group", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MortonDigby", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Morton, Digby", -"comment": "Torrens, Deborah; Fashion Illustrated: A Review of Women's Dress, 1920-1950, New York: Hawthorne Books, Inc. Publishers, 1975. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QuQiubai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Qu, Qiubai", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MortonDigbyHenry", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Morton, Digby Henry", -"comment": "Torrens, Deborah; Fashion Illustrated: A Review of Women's Dress, 1920-1950, New York: Hawthorne Books, Inc. Publishers, 1975. British fashion designer, designed for the Jacqmar Collection, Hathaway Shirt Company (New York) and designer/director of Reldan-Digby Morton", -"date": "1906-1983", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MortonML", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Morton, M. L.", -"comment": "Name used by John Reynolds, architect, Eugene, Oregon. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QuanHandong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Quan, Handong", + "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. Born in Guilin, Guangxi Provence. Now lives in New York city.", + "date": "b. 1956", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MortonP", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Morton, P.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QuanShanshi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Quan, Shanshi", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + "date": "born 1930", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MosbacherAenne", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Mosbacher, Aenne", -"comment": "Foster, Hal. Art since 1900 : Modernism, Antimodernism, Postmodernism. London : Thames & Hudson, 2004. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QuejieJiangyang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Quejie, Jiangyang", + "comment": "Wei Ran; Buddhist Buildings (Ancient Chinese Architecture series, v.6), English edition, New York: Springer-Verlag Wien, 2000. ", + "date": "1416", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Mosfilm", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Mosfilm", -"comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. film studio", -"date": "1923-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QuerolJordi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Querol, Jordi", + "comment": "Ariza Muñoz, Carmen; Jardines de Madrid: Paseos Arbolados, Plazas y Parques, Madrid: Ayuntamiento de Madrid y Lunwerg Editores, 2001. 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Belgian photographer", + "date": "b. 1958", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MuChen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Mu, Chen", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. 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", -"date": "born 1938", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReissHans", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Reiss, Hans", + "comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. illustrator", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NakagawaAiko", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Nakagawa, Aiko", -"comment": "Gastman, Roger, Zio Fulcher and Jamie Rivadeneira; Hello Kitty, Hello Art!, New York: Abrams, 2012. 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", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReissPhyllis", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Reiss, Phyllis", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NakamuraJunpei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Nakamura, Junpei", -"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. Japan's first architect who has been certified by the French Institute of Certified Public Architecture.", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NakamuraKenichi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Nakamura, Ken'ichi", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1895-1967", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReissWintold", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Reiss, Wintold", + "comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NakamuraKentaro", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Nakamura, Kentaro", -"comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. ", -"date": "2nd quarter 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NakamuraSeijuro", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Nakamura, Seijuro", -"comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Reklamfilm", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Reklamfilm", + "comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. ", + "date": "active 1950s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NakamuraSotetsu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Nakamura, Sotetsu", -"comment": "Tsuji, Nobuo, Kiyoshi Hirai, and Yoshiaki Yabe; Shiro to chashitsu, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. See work record: 4800", -"date": "latter half of 18th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RemickJerome", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Remick, Jerome", + "comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NakamuraYoshihei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Nakamura, Yoshihei", -"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NakashimaStudios", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Nakashima Studios", -"comment": "Raizman, David S. History of Modern Design. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2004. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RenGuisheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ren, Guisheng", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Nakayama", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Nakayama", -"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RenJian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ren, Jian", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Liaoning Province, resides in Wuhan, Hubei province; studied at Luxun Academy of Fine Arts, Shenyang, 1987.", + "date": "born 1965", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NamikawaYasuyuki", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Namikawa, Yasuyuki", -"comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. He founded a cloisonné factory in 1871 in Kyoto, and worked with a German scientist in order to perfect the problems that they were encountering in cloisonné.", -"date": "1845-1927", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RenLangsheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ren, Langsheng", + "comment": "Suzhou Institute of Landscape Architectural Design; Suzhou gardens, Beijing: Zhongguo jian zhu gong ye chu ban she, 1999. scholar official during the Guangxu period of the Qing dynasty", + "date": "late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NancaVlad", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Nanca, Vlad", -"comment": "Klanten, Robert, Alain Bieber, Pedro Alonzo, Silke Krohn et al; Art & Agenda: Political Art and Activism, Berlin: Gestalten, 2011. Active 2001- present.", -"date": "Born 1979", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RenMengzhang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ren, Mengzhang", + "comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese painter, born in Hebei, graduated in 1953 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts; works in Shenyang, Liaoning", + "date": "b. 1934", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Nanka", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Nanka", -"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. Nanka was famous for his extremely fine engravings on ivory manju netsuke of maps of different areas of Japan. The maps are both accurate and legible, despite their miniature size.", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RenRenfa", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ren, Renfa", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). r26r26f22 Alternate names: Jen Jen-fa, 任仁發 Yuan dynasty (b Qinglongzhen [now Qingpu, Songjiang, Shanghai Municipality], 1255; d 1328). Chinese painter. Under the Yuan dynasty (1279–1368) he became an official, rising to the level of Vice-President of the River Conservation Bureau. He was famous for his paintings of horses (see fig.), which were much admired by both his Mongol and Chinese patrons. In horse painting he followed in the tradition of the Song-period (960–1279) artist Li gonglin, which was characterized by use of the ‘iron-wire’ line and a minimum of shading. Ultimately, however, Ren’s style can be traced to the Tang (ad 618–907) painters Yan Liben and Han Gan. Ren’s earliest surviving painting is dated 1280, indicating that he was a mature artist by his mid-twenties. Although he worked as an official under the alien Mongol emperors, he was capable of paintings that incorporated clear political messages. The most famous is Fat and Lean Horses (Beijing, Pal. Mus.), in which, according to his inscription, the fat horse represents the self-satisfied, wealthy official and the lean one the humble, poor, self-deprecating official. Most extant works by Ren are depictions of horses, but Two Ducks on an Autumn River (Shanghai Mus.) indicates that he was also accomplished in the bird-and-flower (huaniao) genre. This work suggests Ren’s use of the style of the 10th-century painter Huang Quan (see Xu Bangda). Ren’s abilities as a figure painter are demonstrated in the superb handscroll, the Daoist Immortal Zhang Guolao in Audience with Tang Minghuang (Beijing, Pal. Mus.). Ren had several talented followers, including his son, Ren Zizhao, and grandson, Ren Bowen. The latter is represented by one surviving work, the brilliant handscroll, Tribute Bearers (San Francisco, Asian A. Mus.). A colophon on this scroll by Wen Zhengming suggests that the model may have been a work by Yan Liben or Qian Xuan. Ren Renfa’s tomb was discovered in Qingpu in the 1950s. --DOA", + "date": "1255 - 1328", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NankaiGyofuutsusu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Nankai Gyofu utsusu", -"comment": "Murase, Miyeko; Bridge of Dreams: The Mary Griggs Burke Collection of Japanese Art, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RenXia", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ren, Xia", + "comment": "Weidner, Marsha, Ellen Johnston Laing, Irving Yucheng Lo, Christina Chu, and James Robinson; Views from Jade Terrace: Chinese Women Artists 1300-1912, Indianapolis: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 1988 (0847810038). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NaraharaIkko", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Narahara, Ikko", -"comment": "Szarkowski, John and Shoji Yamagishi; New Japanese Photography, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1974. alt. name: Ikko", -"date": "born 1931", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NarathihapateKingofBurma", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Narathihapate, King of Burma", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Also known as Sithu IV, he was the last king of the Pagan empire; he is remembered as Tayok-Pyay Min 'King who fled from the Chinese'. He was finally poisoned by his second son Thihathu.", -"date": "1238-1287", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RenXiong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ren, Xiong", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). r26x32 Alternate names: Jen Hsiung, 任熊 Qing dynasty (b Xiaoshan County, Zhejiang Province, 1820; d 1857). Chinese painter. He is grouped with his brother Ren Xun (1835–93), his son Ren Yu (1853–1901) and his student Ren yi as one of the ‘Four Rens’ who dominated late 19th-century painting in Shanghai (see China, §V, 3(viii)(b) and Shanghai school). He painted several popular painting manuals for subjects such as ancient heroes, immortals and hermits. He introduced into his conventional depictions of cultural heroes a sense of metaphysical inquiry and radical self-doubt that provides an insight into mid-19th century China, on the brink of cataclysmic change. In his Zihua xiang (‘Self-portrait’; Beijing, Pal. Mus.; see China, fig. 131) it is not entirely clear whether the figure is dressed as a peasant or as a monk; his bared chest is both defiant and feminine. His tonsure could be that of a monk or of a soldier. The inscription speaks of a rejection of idealism and a loss of identity. As a youth Ren Xiong trained with a local portraitist in Xiaoshan until he was expelled from his teacher’s studio. He began to sell his paintings in the commercial port of Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, where he met the scholar Yao Xie. Recognizing Ren’s talent for illustration, Yao commissioned an album of 120 leaves illustrating his poems. In Yao Xie, Ren Xiong gained a patron, the opportunity to view the paintings in Yao’s collections while living in his house and recognition from Yao’s circle of friends. Ren Xiong’s talent for woodblock illustration naturally attracted him to Suzhou in Jiangsu Province, a centre of book publishing and the home of his in-laws (he married the daughter of the painter Huang Zhu). When Ren Xiong discovered that the young Ren Yi in Shanghai was able to copy his works so successfully as to deceive buyers into thinking they were originals, he invited Ren Yi to Suzhou to become his student, by which he probably meant that Ren Yi was to assist him in the production of woodblock prints. In the process of engraving on wood practised in this period, the artist, in this case Ren Xiong, made books by painting illustrations and then engaging a craftsman to translate each painting to a sheet that could be pasted down on the block to guide the engraver. While the painter and even the engraver might command a reputation, the craftsman who provided the translation did not. Ren Xiong developed his figurative style from Chen Hongshou, another prolific book illustrator who brought to painting a temperament inclined to irony and social criticism, and a distinctive archaic linearity derived from the marks possible with the rigid tools of woodblock-engraving. Ren Xiong’s mature years were interrupted by the havoc of the Taiping Rebellion (1850–64). He was conscripted into the imperial army and served at the headquarters of the general charged with recapturing Nanjing, in Anhui Province. In August of 1856 Ren Xiong’s unit was defeated, and Ren went home. In the following year he died of tuberculosis at the age of 37, while engaged in illustrating a book, the Gaoshichuan (‘The lofty hermits’). Ren was capable of both stock illustration and perceptive character analysis in a popular medium. As one of the Four Rens he represents late 19th-century art in Shanghai. Shanghai artists were derisively labelled Haipai (‘Sea school’) by northern critics in the early 20th century, who contrasted the new modes of painting typified by Haipai, which engendered new patrons and touched the popular imagination, with the older canons of literati art, preserved in circles of artists who spurned professionalism. This criticism spawned a debate that continues to colour contemporary theories of 19th- and 20th-century Chinese painting. --DOA Painted landscapes, figures, flowers, birds, animals, fruit. --Seymour", + "date": "1820 - 1864", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NarathuKingofPagan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Narathu, King of Pagan", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Also known as Kalagya Min. King of Pagan, who attained the throne by murdering his father, King Alaungsithu and his older brother Min Shin Saw; he was eventually assassinated by mercenaries in 1171.", -"date": "r. 1168-1171", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RenXun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ren, Xun", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). r26x37 Alternate names: Jen Hsün, 任薰 Qing dynasty From Zhejiang. 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", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RheadFrederickHurton", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Rhead, Frederick Hurton", + "comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. one of America's most influential and talented art potters; immigrated from England in 1902 and became art director of Roseville Pottery in 1904.", + "date": "1880-1942", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NesterJohn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Nester, John", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -"date": "3rd quarter 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RhinocerosPaintingSociety", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Rhinoceros Painting Society", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Art group (Xinlu Huahui) active in the late 1980s in Xuzhou, Jiangsu, .", + "date": "active 1980s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NeubauerTod", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Neubauer, Tod", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 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", + "date": "1970s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NeumannLothar", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Neumann, Lothar", -"comment": "Kähler, Gert; Path of Modernism: Architecture, 1900-1930, Berlin: Jovis, 2009. architect active in Poland in the 1920s", -"date": "ca. 1891-1940", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RichardBraun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Richard Braun", + "comment": "Hiesinger, Kathryn Bloom; Art Nouveau in Munich: Masters of Jugendstil from the Stadtmuseum, Munich, and Other Public and Private Collections, Philadelphia, Munich: Philadelphia Museum of Art, Prestel-Verlag, 1988. corporation, Munich", + "date": "1897-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Névillé", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Névillé", -"comment": "Baker, Malcolm and Brenda Richardson; Grand Design: the Art of the Victoria and Albert Museum, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1997. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RichardofBuryBishopofDurham", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Richard of Bury, Bishop of Durham", + "comment": "Alexander, Jonathan and Paul Binski, eds.; Age of Chivalry: Art in Plantagenet England, 1200-1400, London: Royal Academy of Arts in association with Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1987. ", + "date": "r. 1334-1345", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NewAnalysisGroup", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "New Analysis Group", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist group. 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", + "date": "active ca. 1938", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NewEnglandGlassCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "New England Glass Company", -"comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RichardsonClare", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Richardson, Clare", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 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", + "date": "born 1973", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NewMarkGroup", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "New Mark Group", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist collective, including Wang Luyan, Chen Shaoping, and Gu Dexin; later changed its name to the Analysis Group", -"date": "active 1987-1995", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RichardsonSu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Richardson, Su", + "comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", + "date": "born 1947", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NewYorkTimes", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "New York Times", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. American daily newspaper in publication since 1851. ", -"date": "founded 1851", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RichardsonsofStourbridge", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Richardson's of Stourbridge", + "comment": "History of Glass. London: Orbis, 1984. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NewYorkWorldTelegramandSun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "New York World-Telegram and Sun", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. newspaper", -"date": "1931-1966", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NewEdmundHort", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "New, Edmund Hort", -"comment": "Parry, Linda; William Morris, London, New York: Philip Wilson Publishers Ltd., Harry N. Abrams, Inc. Publishers, 1996. English artist of the Birmingham school and leading illustrator of his day", -"date": "1871-1931", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Richter", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Richter", + "comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. poster designer", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NewbeginKatherine", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Newbegin, Katherine", -"comment": "Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation; 2009 Awards in Painting, Sculpture, Printmaking, Photography, Video, and Craft Media, New York: Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation, 2010. ", -"date": "b. 1976", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RiddyJohn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Riddy, John", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. b. 1959, Northampton, England. One of the most distinctive voices in British contemporary photography, John Riddy’s practice exists in a singular relationship to a particular photographic inheritance. His photographs are meditations on the individuality and poetry of certain places. His subject matter is broad – ranging from the unassuming domestic interior to images of Renaissance or Modernist architecture and the specific qualities of certain city spaces. Time, atmosphere, spatial illusion and cultural histories are compressed and extended in pictures that aim to defeat our expectations of photographic descriptions. ", + "date": "born 1959", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NewmanHenryJotham", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Newman, Henry Jotham", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -"date": "1823 - 1895", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RiedA", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ried, A.", + "comment": "Hillenbrand, Robert; Islamic Architecture: Form, Function and Meaning, New York: Columbia University Press, 1994. illustrator", + "date": "active 1994", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NiDuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ni, Duan", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). n33d43 Alternate names: Ni Tuan, 倪端 Ming dynasty Zhe School: The background of the Zhe school can be seen in earlier Ming painting represented by the works of the bird-and-flower master Bian Wenjin ( fl early 15th century) from Fujian; Xie Huan (c. 1368–1435), a figure painter and portraitist from Zhejiang who was a major force among Yongle (reg 1403–24) and Xuande (reg 1426–35) court painters; Shang Xi ( fl 1430–40) from Jiangsu and Shi Rui ( fl 1426–35) from Hangzhou; Ni Duan, a painter of landscapes with figures, also from Hangzhou; and Li Zai, a landscapist from Fujian. The Zhe school departed from these artists’ continuation of conservative Song Academy styles and its origin can conveniently be located in Dai Jin’s works, especially in those of his middle period, dating from the second quarter of the 15th century. The later style of the court academy can be characterized as a mixture of the Zhe school and the traditional academic style; the 15th-century court figure painting of Shang Xi and Ni Duan was also indebted to the Southern Song style of Liu Songnian, Li Gao (1166–1234) and Su Hanchen. --DOA", -"date": "ca. 1426 - 1435", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RiedyDodgeA", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Riedy, Dodge A.", + "comment": "Name used by Thomas Pene, University of Oregon. ", + "date": "active 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NiJing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ni, Jing", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Chinese Chan monk painter", -"date": "active late 14th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RifaiSeyhAbdulaziz", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Rifai, Seyh Abdulaziz", + "comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. calligrapher Ottoman", + "date": "1871-1934", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NiTian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ni, Tian", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). n33t32 Alternate names: Ni T'ien (Ni Pao-t'ien), 倪田 Qing dynasty From Jiangsu, lived in Shanghai. Traditional literary school. Painted landscapes, figures, Buddhist and Daoist subjects, birds, horses, flowers. --Seymour", -"date": "1855 - 1919", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RigaOperaTheater", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Riga Opera Theater", + "comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. ", + "date": "1918-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NiZan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ni, Zan", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). n33z24 Alternate names: Ni Tsan, 倪瓚 Yuan dynasty (b Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 1301; d 1374). Chinese painter and calligrapher. He is designated one of the Four Masters of the Yuan (1279–1368), with Huang gongwang, Wu zhen and Wang meng. Ni Zan’s family were of Xixia (Tangut) origin. His tenth-generation ancestor Shi came to China as Xixia ambassador in 1034–7 at the time of Emperor Renzong (reg 1023–63), and the family settled in Duliang (modern Anhui Province). In 1127–30, under Emperor Gaozong (reg 1127–62), Ni Zan’s fifth-generation ancestor Yi moved south with the Southern Song (1127–1279), settling at Zhituo village in Wuxi, modern Jiangsu Province, where the Ni family prospered. Ni Zan and his elder brother Ying were the sons of a concubine, Yan. Their father died when they were young, and they were raised by their eldest half-brother, Ni Zhaogui (1279–1328). Ying was mentally incompetent, and after Zhaogui’s death Ni Zan assumed responsibility for the family estate, a role ill-suited to his natural inclinations. He led a privileged and secluded home life for 20 or more years; in the mid-1340s he spent most of his time among rare books, antique paintings, calligraphy and flowers in his favourite studio, the Qingbi ge (‘Pure and secluded pavilion’). Ni Zan was an ardent admirer of the great Northern Song (1127–1279) artist and connoisseur, Mi fu, and shared two of his idiosyncrasies: fastidiousness and generosity. Reportedly, he had the large hardwood trees around his studio washed daily and once left a party given by the poet Yang Weizhen (1296–1370) in disgust because carousing party guests began passing around a young woman’s shoes filled with wine. Ni’s generosity to friends in need on at least one occasion proved awkward: the poet Tao Zongyi (c. 1320–after 1402) related how a scholar, Chen Bo, when presented by Ni with a gift of 100 piculs of rice at a party, felt publicly humiliated and distributed the rice among the assembled courtesans and attendants, breaking off his friendship. A copy (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) of a portrait of Ni Zan in the early 1340s shows the artist dressed in immaculate white linen, sitting on a couch surrounded by a painted screen, scrolls, an inkstone, antique bronzes and ceramics, flanked by two attendants—one holding a feather duster and the other carrying washing implements and a towel. From the late 1330s natural disasters—flood, drought and locusts—struck China year after year; by 1337 there were more than 400,000 starving families reported in Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces alone. The Mongol government responded initially by taxing wealthy families and then by coercing them to make payments; Ni Zan suffered increasingly harsh treatment. In 1351 full-scale rebellions broke out all over China, and in early 1352 Ni abandoned his home and took refuge in a houseboat in the water country of Lake Tai, with its network of small streams, numerous bays, inlets and islands covered with mulberry trees and aquatic plants. Between 1356 and 1366 Ni and his family lived in Lize, near Suzhou, at the ‘Snail’s Hut’ (Guaniu lu). Here, unlike many literary figures, Ni Zan steadfastly declined repeated invitations from the rebel Zhang Shicheng to join his forces. Zhang Shicheng was eventually defeated by Zhu Yuanzhang, who became the Hongwu emperor (reg 1368–98) when he founded the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). In the meantime Ni had lost his wife, Jiang Yuanzhao, and had again been forced to abandon his home. After the establishment of the new dynasty, he briefly visited the water country of Lize and then spent the next few years wandering through the Jiangnan area (the south), visiting old haunts. In the autumn of 1374 Ni finally returned to his native Wuxi, where at the home of a relative he fell ill and died. In calligraphy, Ni Zan absorbed some influences from Zhao Mengfu (see Zhao, (1)), the leading calligrapher of the early 14th century, who lived in Wuxing, across Lake Tai from Wuxi. However, whereas Zhao, the elegant scholar–official, had a courtly and formal style, Ni, the country recluse, preferred a primitive, rustic mode (see also China, §IV, 2(v)(b)). Ni’s main calligraphic model was Zhong You (ad 151–230), who developed the archaic clerical script (li shu) of the Han period into an early form of regular script (kaishu; see China, §IV, 2(ii)). Jian Jizhi biao (‘Memorial to recommend Jizhi’), attributed to Zhong You, was in the collection of Lu Xingzhi (1275–after 1349) at Lake Feng, not far from Ni’s home. Ni re-created an archaic running-clerical style, with squat or square characters, mostly level strokes, generally simplified brushwork and prominent, wavelike ending strokes. Since he consciously used calligraphy to express himself, graphological analysis is useful in the interpretation of his works. Similar characters from dated inscriptions from between c. 1340 and 1374 are generally consistent as regards formal elements but vary greatly in expression as achieved through compositional structure and brushwork. The development of Ni’s calligraphy is divided into four periods: c. 1340, during his life of luxury and cultivation at the Qingbi ge, his style was smooth and graceful; between 1345 and 1355, when he was fleeing from tax collectors, his writing was filled with tension and discord, and he seemed purposely to explore the lopsided and eccentric aspects of his style; between 1356 and 1366, calm and composure returned to his work, and the conflicting elements of his calligraphy were brought into a new synthesis; finally, between 1366 and 1374, his writing achieved a stable form and showed an unmatched strength and self-assurance. In Ni’s earliest extant painting, Qiulin yexing (‘Autumn grove: exhilaration in wilderness’; 1339; New York, Met.), a man sits quietly in a pavilion in an autumnal landscape. A poem inscribed by Ni on the painting describes the feeling of early autumn: inkstones and seat mats are cool to the touch, clothing feels fresh, a yellow mist after a shower rises over distant boulders, bamboo leaves flutter during the day and shadows of cedars waver in moonlight; incense is lit in a gilded duck-shaped vessel and a bag of flower petals lies by the pillow. The whole is indicative of a man in exquisite repose. The emphasis on the wild and natural reflects Ni’s attempt at this period to insulate himself from ordinary society both physically and mentally. In Liu junzi (‘The six gentlemen’; see fig. 1), from the period when Ni was evading the tax collectors, the calligraphy has a nervous energy. The brushwork is taut and bony; parts of the written characters are tightly wound and lopsided; contradictions between the regular-script and clerical-script forms are deliberately exaggerated to create tension; and the naturally slanting regular-script elements are forced into a horizontal, clerical structure. The painting shows six sparse, looming, spiky trees dominating a riverbank; a thin mist rises across the river, giving the viewer a sense of isolation from everything except the river and the trees. A colophon by Huang Gongwang notes that the trees symbolize Ni Zan and his friends as they ‘stand facing one another, upright, straight and unbending’. The modelling of the rocks, after the 10th-century master Dong yuan, uses hemp-fibre texture strokes ( pima cun) loosely directed and building layer upon layer. The composition has a fully developed and realistic spatial structure: elements extend in an integrated vision along a convincingly receding ground plane. Ni’s rounded brushstrokes ( yuanbi) ‘write’ the trees and rock forms as in seal-script (zhuan shu) and cursive-script (caoshu) calligraphy. Slow, gentle cursive brushwork, though full of inner emotion, maintains an outward calm and balance. The metaphor of clustered trees as friends in a lonely and hostile world became Ni Zan’s favourite subject. The poems on his paintings tempt the viewer to eavesdrop on a private world of intimacies and lost conversations, but his sublime imagery admits no superfluous details and instead presents a pure and privileged natural domain. Ni repeated the composition of trees with rocks again and again, refining and distilling, achieving an effect that is pure mood and poetry. His references to ancient masters were made not only as expressions of feelings and moods but also as a conscious effort to combine and summarize the best of the ancient styles. By bringing together in his brushwork the hemp-fibre and axe-cut ( fu pi) idioms popular in the mid-14th century and the T-shaped (dingxiang), horse-tooth (machi) and other less familiar modes of Northern Song landscape, Ni forged a new creative synthesis. The subtlety of his painting lies in the extraordinary range of effects he achieved with his seemingly simple and sparse brushwork. In one of his famous late works, Yushan linhe (‘Woods and valleys of Mt Yu’; see fig. 2), the angular, crystalline rock forms are achieved with a dry wash (ran) technique of softly rubbed, richly fused brushstrokes. Developing his forms with a free hand, Ni combined axe-cut, T-shaped and horse-tooth patterns in his protean brushwork, creating a new calligraphic, illusionistic style that evoked, without imitating, the 10th-century rocky landscape mode of Jing hao and Guan tong. Ironically, in spite of his distaste for celebrity, Ni Zan, the meek and eccentric recluse, was lionized, and his paintings, though insistently private and undecorative, attracted a large public following. His deceptively simple and unassuming style was the most frequently imitated of the styles of the Four Masters of the Yuan. As a sense of moral and dynastic decline grew in the late Ming, Ni Zan became a symbol of patriotism and moral regeneration. As the ‘noble recluse’ (gaoshi) he was extolled for his generosity, integrity, wisdom and independence and was exalted as a cultural hero through whom one might gain new strength. 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Ceramic artist associated with Newcomb Pottery atelier in New Orleans", + "date": "1880-1946", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PalmerFrancesFlora", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Palmer, Frances Flora", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Leicester, England, she was one of the principal artists working for the lithographic publishing firm of Currier & Ives. 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", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PalmerLillianMacNeill", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Palmer, Lillian MacNeill", -"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. Fixture designer and metalworker", -"date": "1871-1967", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PalminI", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Palmin, I.", -"comment": "State Russian Museum; Times of change : art in the Soviet Union 1960-1985, Bad Breisig: Palace Editions, 2006. ", -"date": "active 1970s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RyukoShinkei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ryuko, Shinkei", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Zen Priest", + "date": "c. 1433-62", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PanDehai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Pan, Dehai", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese painter, born in Siping, Jilin Province; graduated 1982 from Dongbei University Fine Arts Department; lives and works in Shanghai.", -"date": "b. 1956", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ryukosai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ryukosai", + "comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. Japanese Ukiyo-e painter and printmaker, founder of the Osaka school, known for actor prints in hasoban format. Alternate names: Taga Jokei, Jihei", + "date": "active 1772-1816", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PanHonghai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Pan, Honghai", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RyukosaiJokei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ryukosai, Jokei", + "comment": "Kobayashi, Tadashi, Taishu Komatsu, and Shugo Asano; Ukiyoe, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PanTianshou", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Pan, Tianshou", -"comment": "Laing, Ellen Johnston; Winking Owl: Art from the People's Republic of China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988 (0520060970). Chinese painter from Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Province; calligrapher, art historian, traditional-style painter; taught at the art academy in Hangzhou; known for his finger paintings and his monumental scrolls; much persecuted during the Cultural Revolution.", -"date": "1897-1971", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PanXinglei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Pan, Xinglei", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Shenyang, Liaoning, resides in Hong Kong; studied at the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing, 1992.", -"date": "born 1969", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RyukyoShikibu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ryukyo, Shikibu", + "comment": "Asian Art Photographic Distribution; Asian Art in the Denver Art Museum. ", + "date": "active early 16th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PanYuliang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Pan, Yuliang", -"comment": "Name derived from a web site. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RyuryukyoShinsai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ryuryukyo, Shinsai", + "comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", + "date": "fl. 1799-1823", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PanYunduan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Pan, Yunduan", -"comment": "Keswick, Maggie; Chinese Garden: History, Art and Architecture, revised edition, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2003. High ranking official in Sichuan during the Ming dynasty", -"date": "active ca. 1550-1580", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RyusaiShigeharu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ryusai, Shigeharu", + "comment": "Illing, Richard; Later Japanese Prints, Oxford: Phaidon Press Limited, 1978. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Panaenus", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Panaenus", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. painter", -"date": "active 5th century BCE", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PangTao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Pang, Tao", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RyzhovAI", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ryzhov, A. I.", + "comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", + "date": "1838-1893", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PangXunqin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Pang, Xunqin", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RyzhovPleshkovAI", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ryzhov-Pleshkov, A. I.", + "comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", + "date": "1889-1939", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PankejeffSergeiC", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Pankejeff, Sergei C.", -"comment": "Foster, Hal. Art since 1900 : Modernism, Antimodernism, Postmodernism. London : Thames & Hudson, 2004. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SabatiniR", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sabatini, R.", + "comment": "Saalman, Howard; Filippo Brunelleschi: The Cupola of Santa Maria del Fiore, London: A. Zwemmer Ltd, 1980. Italian architectural historian and author", + "date": "active ca. 1945", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PaoliniCesare", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Paolini, Cesare", -"comment": "Fiell, Charlotte and Peter Fiell; Modern Chairs, Cologne: Taschen, 1993. ", -"date": "1937-1983", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SadaSuigan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sada, Suigan", + "comment": "Meiji kaikaki no nishikie (Meiji Japan through woodblock prints), Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1989. ", + "date": "1822?-1882", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PapageorgeHaymesLtd", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Papageorge/Haymes, Ltd.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1981-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SadamasuIchijuen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sadamasu, Ichijuen", + "comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker", + "date": "active ca. 1835", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PapageorgiouL", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Papageorgiou, L.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SadaokaGakutei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sadaoka Gakutei", + "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. printer", + "date": "1786?-1868", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PapanekVictor", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Papanek, Victor", -"comment": "Raizman, David S. History of Modern Design. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2004. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Sadi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sa'di", + "comment": "Papadopoulo, Anlexandre; Islam and Muslim Art, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1979 (0810906414). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PapeDawsonEngineersInc", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Pape-Dawson Engineers, Inc.", -"comment": "Benedikt, Michael; Overland Partners: Building on Values: Costruire sui valori, Milan: L'Arca Edizioni, 2002. San Antonio, TX", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PardinelSr?", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Pardinel, Sr.?", -"comment": "Name derived from original printed material in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Oregon. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SadiqiBek", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sadiqi Bek", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Safavid painter in the court of Abbas I", + "date": "1533–1610", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PardoeDrJB", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Pardoe, Dr. J. B.", -"comment": "Bernard, Bruce; Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography, 1840-1940, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. English photographer, amateur member of the Royal Photographic Society", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SadoyanEdward", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sadoyan, Edward", + "comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. ", + "date": "active 1985", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ParishSanktKunibert", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Parish Sankt Kunibert", -"comment": "Barrai i Altet, Xavier; Romanesque: Towns, Cathedrals and Monasteries, Cologne: Taschen, 1988. Cologne?", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SáglováZorka", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ságlová, Zorka", + "comment": "Schimmel, Paul. Out of Actions: Between Performance the the Object, 1949-1979. Los Angeles, Calif. : The Museum of Contemporary Art New York : Thames and Hudson, 1998. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ParkerH", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Parker, H.", -"comment": "Carandini, Andrea and Paolo Carafa; Atlante di Roma Antica: Biografia e Ritratti della Citta, 1, Milan: Mondadori Electa, 2012. ", -"date": "active ca. 1815", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ParkerJamiesonK", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Parker, Jamieson K.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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", -"date": "1897-198?", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PennsylvaniaRailroad", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Pennsylvania Railroad", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. PRR", -"date": "1846-1968", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SansonandFarrand", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sanson and Farrand", + "comment": "Greiff, Constance M.; Lost America, From the Mississippi to the Pacific, Princeton: Pyne Press, 1972. 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English graphic designer, calligrapher and map illustrator", -"date": "active ca. 1930", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SaronyandMajor", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sarony and Major", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Napoleon Sarony joined James Major in starting a lithography business in New York City", + "date": "1843-1853", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PermanJenn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Perman, Jenn", -"comment": "Holtzschue, Linda; Understanding Color: an Introduction for Designers, Second edition, New York: John Wiley & Sons, INc., 2002. illustrator", -"date": "21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SarumMaster", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sarum Master", + "comment": "Alexander, Jonathan and Paul Binski, eds.; Age of Chivalry: Art in Plantagenet England, 1200-1400, London: Royal Academy of Arts in association with Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1987. 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", + "date": "1901-1976", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PiersonLouis", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Pierson, Louis", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. photographer", -"date": "active mid 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchermanDavidE", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Scherman, David E.", + "comment": "Livingston, Jane; Lee Miller: Photograher, New York; London: California/International Arts Foundation; Thames and Hudson, 1989. ", + "date": "active ca. 1945", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PieterFranz", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Pieter, Franz", -"comment": "Rak, Jiri, Radim Vondracek and Clauda Terenzi; Biedermeier: Art and Culture in Central Europe, 1815-1848, Milan, New York: Skira Editore, Rizzoli International, 2001. ", -"date": "active early 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchillingHoward", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Schilling, Howard", + "comment": "Turner, Suzanne and A.J. Meek; Gardens of Louisiana: Places of Work and Wonder, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997. American horticulturalist", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PilieGilbertJoseph", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Pilie, Gilbert Joseph", -"comment": "Gleason, David King; Plantation Homes of Louisiana and the Natchez Area, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982. father of Celine Pilie Roman, wife of Jacques Telesphore Roman, the first owners of a Louisiana plantation house named Oak Alley", -"date": "first half 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchindelKonrad", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Schindel, Konrad", + "comment": "Roder, Sabine, Gerhard Storck, and Michael Fehr; Deutsches Museum fur Kunst in Handel und Gewerbe, 1909-1919, Antwerp: Pandora, 1997. silversmith at Wiener Werkstatt", + "date": "active ca. 1904", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PilkingtonTileandPotteryCo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Pilkington Tile and Pottery Co.", -"comment": "Wildman, Stephen; Waking Dreams: The Art of the Pre-Raphaelites from the Delaware Art Museum, Alexandria, VA: Art Services International, 2004. Established by the Pilkington Family", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchipporeitHeinrichAssociates", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Schipporeit-Heinrich Associates", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1960s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PilkingtonsRoyalLancastrianPotteryCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Pilkington's Royal Lancastrian Pottery Company", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. formerly Pilkington’s Lancastrian Pottery & Tiles", -"date": "1892-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchlesingerJohn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Schlesinger, John", + "comment": "Aperture, no. 103. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PineTheodoreE", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Pine, Theodore E.", -"comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. ", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchmannsCarl", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Schmanns, Carl", + "comment": "Kähler, Gert; Path of Modernism: Architecture, 1900-1930, Berlin: Jovis, 2009. German architect active in Potsdam", + "date": "1863-1957", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PiperWW", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Piper, W.W.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchmeerMillardHomerJr", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Schmeer, Millard Homer, Jr.", + "comment": "UO AAA Library Architectural Drawing Collection. UO architecture student 1930s", + "date": "died 1980", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PiranomonteM", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Piranomonte, M.", -"comment": "Carandini, Andrea and Paolo Carafa; Atlante di Roma Antica: Biografia e Ritratti della Citta, 1, Milan: Mondadori Electa, 2012. Italian technical and architectural illustrator", -"date": "active ca. 2010", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchmidKlaus", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Schmid, Klaus", + "comment": "David A. Bainbridge Gift Collection, Architecture and Allied Arts Library, University of Oregon. Canadian architect", + "date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PirBudaqiMahmudShaykh", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Pir-Budaqi, Mahmud, Shaykh", -"comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. Persian artist, copyist.", -"date": "1458-1459", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchmidtandGarden", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Schmidt and Garden", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chicago-based partnership of Richard Schmidt and Hugh Garden; Edgar Martin joined the firm as partner in 1906 to become Schmidt, Garden and Martin. ", + "date": "1895-1906", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PistoxenosPainter", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Pistoxenos Painter", -"comment": "David A. Bainbridge Gift Collection, Architecture and Allied Arts Library, University of Oregon. painter", -"date": "active ca. 480-460 BCE", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchmidtArthur", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Schmidt, Arthur", + "comment": "Herzogenrath, Wulf and Stefan Kraus; Bauhaus Utopien: Arbeiten auf Papier, Stuttgart: Cantz, 1988. ", + "date": "active ca. 1930", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PitkinandBrooks", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Pitkin & Brooks", -"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. Chicago", -"date": "1871-ca. 1923", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchmidtFriedrichvon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Schmidt, Friedrich von", + "comment": "Dehio, Georg and Gustav von Bezold; Die Kirchliche Baukunst des Abendlandes: Historisch und Systematisch Dargestellt, atlas v.5, Stuttgart: J.G. Cotta, 1969. ", + "date": "active 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PitmanAdelaideNourse", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Pitman, Adelaide Nourse", -"comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. ", -"date": "active 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchmidtGardenandErikson", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Schmidt, Garden and Erikson", + "comment": "Mies Designs Center, Architectural Record, vol. 137, no. 3. ", + "date": "1925-1975?", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PitmanAgnes", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Pitman, Agnes", -"comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. ", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchmidtGardenandMartin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Schmidt, Garden and Martin", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. formerly known as Schmidt and Garden from 1895-1906 when Martin became partner. Martin left the firm in 1925 and was replaced by Carl A. Erikson, and the firm was renamed accordingly.", + "date": "1906-1925", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PitmanWilliamM", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Pitman, William M", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Oregon master carpenter and architect active in King's Valley and the Willamette Valley in the mid 19th century.", -"date": "1827-1886", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchmidtLouis", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Schmidt, Louis", + "comment": "Deutsches Historisches Museum; Kunst! Kommerz! Visionen!: Deutsche Plakate, 1888-1933, Heidelberg: Edition Braus, 1992. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PizziAmilcare", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Pizzi, Amilcare", -"comment": "Kraus, Theodor; Pompeii and Herculaneum: Abtlitz un Schicksal zweier antiker Stadte, Cologne: Verlag M. DuMont Schauberg, 1973. illustrator", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchmiegHungateandKotzianIncorporated", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Schmieg, Hungate, and Kotzian, Incorporated", + "comment": "Hanks, David A. and Jennifer Toher; Donald Deskey: Decorative Designs and Interiors, New York: E.P. Dutton, 1987. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PlambeckDan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Plambeck, Dan", -"comment": "David A. Bainbridge Gift Collection, Architecture and Allied Arts Library, University of Oregon. ", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PlatinumFountainPenInc", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Platinum Fountain Pen, Inc.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1919-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchmutzerJoseph", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Schmutzer, Joseph", + "comment": "Schütz, Bernard; Great Monasteries of Europe, English language edition, New York; London: Abeeville Press Publishers, 2004. apparently not ULAN 500062826", + "date": "active mid 18th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PlattIsaacL", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Platt, Isaac L.", -"comment": "Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute; Masterpieces of American furniture from the Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, NY: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1999. ", -"date": "1793-1875", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchneiderKristian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Schneider, Kristian", + "comment": "Kaplan, Wendy; 'The Art That is Life': The Arts and Crafts Movement in America, 1875-1920, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1987. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PlemyannikovaVP", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Plemyannikova, V. 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Y.", + "comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", + "date": "1901-1978", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QiZhilong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Qi, Zhilong", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia; lives and works in Beijing.", -"date": "b. 1962", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SentyurevaAP", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sentyureva, A. P.", + "comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", + "date": "1945-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QianDaxin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Qian, Daxin", -"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese artist ", -"date": "b. 1922 ", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SERAArchitects", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "SERA Architects", + "comment": "http://serapdx.com/firm/history/. ", + "date": "1968-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QianDu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Qian, Du", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q24d42 Alternate names: Ch'ien Tu, 錢杜 Qing dynasty From Zhejiang province. Author. Landscapes in the style of Wen Zhengming. Flowers in the style of Yun Shouping. --Seymour", -"date": "1763 - 1844", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SergardiLodovico", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sergardi, Lodovico", + "comment": "http://www.intuscany.net/apartments/villa_catignano.htm. Quinto Settano, pseudonym", + "date": "active late 12th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QianGong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Qian, Gong", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q24g33 Alternate names: Ch'ien Kung, 錢貢 Ming dynasty From Suzhou. Painted landscapes and figures. --Seymour", -"date": "ca. 1573 - 1620", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SergeantPeter", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sergeant, Peter", + "comment": "Waterman, Thomas Tileston; Dwellings of Colonial America, Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1950. ", + "date": "active late 17th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QianGu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Qian, Gu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q24g35 Alternate names: Ch'ien Ku, 錢榖 Ming dynasty", -"date": "1508 - 1574", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SessaiBunshu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sessai, Bunshu", + "comment": "Zaigai Nihon no shihō (Japanese Art: Selections from Western Collections) v.6, Tokyo: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1980. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QianHuian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Qian, Huian", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q24h42a4 Alternate names: Ch'ien Hui-an, 錢慧安 Qing dynasty Traditional school. Painted figures. --Seymour", -"date": "1833 - 1911", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QianJuntao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Qian, Juntao", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SessionsMr", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sessions, Mr.", + "comment": "Gleason, David King; Antebellum Homes of Georgia, Baton Rouge; London: Louisiana State University Press, 1987. architect-builder in antebellum Georgia", + "date": "mid 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QianShoutie", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Qian, Shoutie", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SeyhHamdullah", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Seyh Hamdullah", + "comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. calligrapher Ottoman", + "date": "ca. 1436-1520", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QianWeicheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Qian, Weicheng", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q24s26c39 Alternate names: Ch'ien Wei-ch'eng, 錢維城 Qing dynasty", -"date": "1720 - 1772", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SeymourWilliamWolcott", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Seymour, William Wolcott", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Washington investor and businessman, president of the Tacoma Park Board from 1909-1911, then acting mayor of Tacoma", + "date": "1861-1929", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QianXuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Qian, Xuan", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). SEE: Qian Shunju (Xuan) q24x35 Alternate names: Ch'ien Hsüan, 錢選 Yuan dynasty", -"date": "ca.1235 - 1300?", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SeyyidIzzetMustafa", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Seyyid Izzet Mustafa", + "comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. calligrapher Ottoman", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QianlongEmperor", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Qianlong, Emperor", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q24l43 Alternate names: Ch'ien-lung, 乾隆 (b Beijing, 26 Sept 1711; reg 1736–96; d 7 Feb 1799). Chinese emperor, collector and artist. The name Qianlong is, in fact, an imperial reign title, but it is used for the emperor more generally than the alternative, Emperor Gaozong. The Qianlong emperor, fourth emperor of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911) ruled for 60 years, longer than any other emperor in Chinese history apart from Kangxi. Although he stepped down in 1796, he did not in fact relinquish power to his successor, the Jiaqing emperor (reg 1796–1820), until his death three years later. The empire he inherited after the able government of his father and grandfather, the Yongzheng (reg 1723–35) and Kangxi (reg 1662–1722) emperors, was strong and prosperous. By the time of Qianlong’s death, however, the country was suffering from financial strain and an erosion of power, caused by military expansion and the Emperor’s taste for luxury, as well as the corrupt practices instigated by his last chief minister, Heshen (1750–99), which spread to the court and officials. The Emperor is best known to art historians as a collector who amassed the largest collection of art known up to that point in China. Most of his painting and calligraphy, collected before 1793, is catalogued in three issues of the Shiqu baoji; all of it bears seal impressions, taken from more than 220 seals, many very large and conspicuous, in the collection. Seal imprints were accompanied by inscriptions in the Emperor’s hand, estimated to number in the tens of thousands. Qianlong was determined to incorporate everything of importance in his collection, and rather than purchasing items he either confiscated them as an imperial right or exerted pressure to encourage them to reach him as gifts or tribute. His passion for collecting extended to porcelain, bronzes, jades, writing implements and rare books. The concentration of so many works in the Emperor’s hands meant that, apart from the priveleged few, artists lost access to important early paintings, formerly scattered among the collections of fellow scholars and friends. The Chinese landscape painting tradition, which relied on the inspiration received and the imaginative re-creation suggested by the old masters, was dealt a fatal blow. For example instead of working directly from Wang Meng’s paintings, artists were forced to interpret the Wang Meng style through later painters. Finally, landscape painting lost all its vitality and was replaced by other genres. Removing painting as an artistic outlet for scholars had the side-effect of increasing the importance of calligraphy as an artistic diversion and was thus perhaps indirectly responsible for the intense interest taken in new models and the rise of the Northern stele school, which reached its height under the Jiaqing and Daoguang (reg 1821–50) emperors (see China, §IV, 2(vii)(b) and (c)). Qianlong had a fascination for things European, and a group of Europeans, headed by the Italian Jesuit giuseppe Castiglione became prominent at his court. They served primarily as architects, best known for buildings in a combination Rococo–Chinese style, constructed at the Yuanming yuan (known as the Old Summer Palace) outside Beijing, where the Emperor spent an increasing amount of time (see Beijing, §2 and fig. 1). Castiglione, a favourite of the Emperor, directed immense projects, such as the pictorial recording of the imperial campaigns, and painted likenesses of the Emperor’s preferred horses, pets and courtiers. Qianlong delighted in European gadgets, from toys to telescopes, and the Europeans were responsible for procuring these objects, instructing the Emperor in their use and keeping them repaired. Qianlong was a calligrapher of the Copybook (tie) school, as were his forebears, and he assiduously studied the works of Wang Xizhi, Zhao Mengfu, Wen Zhengming and Dong Qichang. His reign was famous for great calligraphers trained in traditional copybook models, including Liu Yong, Zhang Zhao (1691–1795) and Wang Wenzhi (1730–1802). The Emperor was prolific in his inscriptions and relied on others, including probably Zhung Zhao, to imitate his hand anonymously. His calligraphy cannot be considered as art: it is uniformly uninflected, though at least, unlike his painting, consistent, practised and smooth. Qianlong recorded that he began to study bird-and-flower painting in his collection and to paint when he was 19; he noted as his models the artists Xu Xi and Huang Quan, among others. The Emperor’s name came to be associated with paintings in every genre, as attested by one edition of the Shigu baoji (1745) mentioning over a thousand titles. However, most of the more skilful, detailed and coloured works contain little of his own brushwork and are products of court painters. A monochrome flower painting (1759; Princeton, U., NJ, A. Mus.) exemplifies the Emperor’s painting abilities. Directed by a court painter’s faint underdrawing in charcoal, the Emperor’s rendering of eight different kinds of flower is halting. The weak lines and flat, insipid brushwork, devoid of life, create a string of sad, wilted images. The calligraphy of his verse, appended to each flower, is in comparison stronger. Despite his indifferent talent, Qianlong continued to paint every day, as part of an invariable routine, until his death. --DOA ", -"date": "1711 - 1799 (r. 1736 - 1796)", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShaFu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sha, Fu", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s32f32 Alternate names: Sha Fu, 沙馥 Qing dynasty From Suzhou. Painted figures and flowers. --Seymour", + "date": "1831 - 1906", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QiaoZhongchang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Qiao, Zhongchang", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q26z45c35 Alternate names: Ch'iao Chung-ch'ang, 喬仲常 Song dynasty From Shanxi province. Painted religious pictures following Li Gonglin. Also, secular figures and landscapes. --Seymour", -"date": "first half 12th century ", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShaQi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sha, Qi", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + "date": "born 1914", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QijiaDawa", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Qijia, Dawa", -"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Ganzi, Sichuan province; member of the Tibetan minority", -"date": "born 1946", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShaanxiFineArtProductionGroup", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shaanxi Fine Art Production Group", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QinDahu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Qin, Dahu", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Shabaku", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shabaku", + "comment": "Tsuji, Nobuo; Sesshū to Yamatoe Byōbu, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", + "date": "early 16th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QinYi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Qin, Yi", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q28y28 Alternate names: Ch'in I, 欽揖 Ming dynasty From Suzhou. Landscapes and calligraphy. --Seymour", -"date": "17th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShadiMalikAgha", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shadi Malik Agha", + "comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. ", + "date": "active 1370s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QinYuanyue", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Qin, Yuanyue", -"comment": "Cohen, Joan Lebold; New Chinese Painting, 1949-1986, New York: Harry Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1987. Chinese artist from Beijing, teacher at the Central Institute of Nationalities art department; member of the Modern Heavy Color Movement", -"date": "b. 1940", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShafranJ", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shafran, J.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QingWang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Qing, Wang", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese painter", -"date": "active 1950s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QiuShiMissQiu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Qiu, Shi (Miss Qiu)", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q33s43 Alternate names: Ch'iu Shih, Duling neishi, Miss Qiu, 仇氏 Ming dynasty Especially noted for her pictures of Guanyin. Published an album, "Portraits of Guanyin," with a forward by Du Jin. --Weidner From Suzhou. Daughter of Qiu Ying. Painted figures in the style of her father. Buddhist figures and landscapes. --Seymour", -"date": "mid - late 16th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Shakei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shakei", + "comment": "Oka, Isaburo, Juzo Suzuki, Sadao Kikuchi, and Kankokai Zauho ; Ukiyoe Taikei, v.10, Tokyo: Shueisha, 1973-197. Japanese printmaker", + "date": "died in 1777", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QiuShihua", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Qiu, Shihua", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese painter, born in Sichuan Province; lives and works in Shenzhen.", -"date": "b. 1940", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShakerFactoryNewLebanonNewYork", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shaker Factory, New Lebanon, New York", + "comment": "Fiell, Charlotte. Modern Chairs. Köln : Benedikt Taschen, c1993. p. 37. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QiuWenbo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Qiu, Wenbo", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q33w27b38 Alternate names: Ch'iu Wen-po, 丘文播 Five dynasties From Sichuan province. Painted Buddhist and Daoist figures, landscapes, buffalos. --Seymour", -"date": "ca. 933 - 965", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QiuYing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Qiu, Ying", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). q33y32 Alternate names: Ch'iu Ying, 仇英 Ming dynasty (b Taicang, Jiangsu Province, ?1494; d c. 1552). Chinese painter. Chinese historical writings refer to Qiu as one of the Four Great Masters of the Ming period (1368–1644), along with Shen Zhou, Wen Zhengming and Tang Yin. He was born into a humble family and studied painting with Zhou Chen in Suzhou, centre of the Wu school of painting, but lived and worked on the fringes of scholarly Suzhou society. His livelihood depended solely upon his skill in satisfying the tastes and demands of his patrons. More fortunate than other commercial artists, he had three art collectors as patrons, with each of whom he stayed for several years. One was Chen Guan from Suzhou. The other two were Zhou Fenglai (1523–55), from nearby Kunshan, and the well-known wealthy collector Xiang Yuanbian, whose home was in Jiaxing in Zhejiang Province. To satisfy his patrons, Qiu depicted a broad range of subjects in a wide variety of styles. Some of his pictures were commemorative, while others were used as birthday or presentation gifts. His paintings emphasize visual beauty, often including detailed luxuriant settings and rich colours, reflecting the deep-rooted sensuousness that is a major aspect of Ming taste. He also made exact copies of ancient masterpieces, and this and his talent for incorporating older motifs into his own work have made it difficult to establish his oeuvre, a problem compounded by a lack of extant dated works and a plethora of imitations and forgeries. Although many landscape paintings assigned to him today are rendered in opaque bright blue and green pigments, many of these are problematic as being from his hand. More easily acceptable are his works in the softer version of this style, as was popular among other 16th-century artists, in which the colours are muted and translucent, as in his illustration (handscroll, ink and colours on paper; Shenyang, Liaoning Prov. Mus.) of the prose poem Chibi fu (‘Ode on the red cliff’) by Su Shi or Towers and Pavilions in Immortals Mountains (hanging scroll, ink and colours on paper; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). Qiu’s reliance upon and abilities to recreate the qualities of Song dynasty paintings is demonstrated in Awaiting the Ferry by an Autumn River (hanging scroll, ink and colours on silk; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) where the entire central portion is derived from Autumn Landscape, once attributed to the Southern Song artist Liu Sungnian, and is perhaps an early close copy of his work (album leaf, ink and light colours on silk; Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.). Many Song artists strove for accurate depiction of landscape scenes with great fidelity to natural nuances and Qiu’s picture has been praised for its ‘surprisingly illusionistic rendering of late-afternoon sunlight and shade’. Six remarkable paintings associated with Qiu, exceptional in their arresting and sensitive descriptions of times of day and for unusual treatments of the sky, are gathered in the album Landscapes after Song and Yuan Masters (ink and colours on silk; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). The most stunning picture in the album depicts a rustic environment at dusk. The hues of the landscape are muted, those of the sky darkening; the brightest spot is near the centre where two gentlemen sit in conversation in a villa, its lighted buildings and compound aglow in the subdued surroundings. Five leaves in this album originally had a line of characters scribbled along their right edge, however the pages have been trimmed so that little of the text remains. The legible portions do not seem to be poetry; they may simply be descriptive notes to be followed by the artist. If so, this is a unique revelation of how an artist may have worked, jotting down as reminders the motifs in a painting he saw and wanted to replicate at a later time or simply noting image ideas for a painting. In other landscapes, such as A Lady in a Lakeside Pavilion (hanging scroll, ink and light colours on paper; Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.), Qiu blends the angular rhythms and rhomboidal rock formations as well as the asymetrical composition, all derived from those of his teacher Zhou Chen, and recalling the art of Li Tang, the influential artist of the Northern Song period (960–1127) with the dry ink and sparse brushwork reflecting Yuan dynasty preferences. Qiu was a conscientious observer of reality who scrupulously transferred what he saw into his pictures. A superb draftsman, he excelled in faultlessly depicting the human figure, architecture, objects and nature accurately and convincingly, even, sometimes, in miniature. His buildings, pavilions and terraces are always completely rendered as completely comprehensible architecture defining spaces designed for living, never merely as structure. Qiu’s profound sensitivity to nature far exceeded that of other artists. His plants always grow out of the soil, branch and leaf are in correct relation to each other, grass blades cluster properly. He rarely used pepper dots or other generic ‘foliage’ conventions when he could, instead, depict rushes, or reeds, or grasses, or lotus leaves. Some of Qiu’s figure paintings, such as Soliciting a Donkey for Mr Zhu (handscroll, ink on paper; New York, Met.), imitate the plain-line drawing (baimiao) of the 11th-century artist Li Gonglin. Qiu’s male faces, squarish in shape with the eyes sharply askew, were influenced by his older contemporary working in Nanjing, Wu Wei. His female figures are more distinctly his own, as in Spring Morning in the Han Palace (handscroll, ink and colours on silk; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), in which oval feminine faces are defined with an even, regular contour. The eyes are usually askew, a convention related to the fact that the face is drawn from a three-quarter view, with some of it always visible beyond the corner of the far eye. Eyebrows are thin, short arcs, often pointed at the centre. Lips are rarely completely indicated and the corners are pulled sharply upward into a V-shaped smile. A small dot may accentuate the lower lip. In his treatment of clothing Qiu’s brushwork is generally controlled and carefully descriptive of folds or creases. However, in Playing Music under the Banana Trees (hanging scroll, ink and colours on paper; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) the figures are more freely drawn, perhaps representing the influence of contemporary Nanjing artists who employed more flamboyant, erratic brushwork. Qiu sometimes manipulated imagery to communicate abstract scholarly ideas. The Garden of Self-enjoyment (handscroll, ink and colours on paper; Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.) depicts the halls and pavilions of the garden of the 11th-century scholar-statesman Sima Guang. An abrupt shift of viewpoint just before the final pavilion, the Viewing the Mountain Terrace, forces the viewer to focus beyond the garden to high hills and flowing streams. By this means Qiu emphasized visually the meaning given by Sima Guang to his garden in his own writings: a Confucian interpretation conveyed metaphorically through allusions to climbing heights and reminiscing about history and the past. Many works by Qiu contain mildly eroticized motifs derived from poetic conventions. In the Chinese symbolic vocabulary, a woman standing on the balcony of a second-story of a house implies she is gazing in the direction her lord took when they parted. Titillating thoughts in the mind of the viewer might be evoked by A Lady in a Lakeside Pavilion where a lovely woman stands on a balcony and gazes out over the lake. Her hands are in her sleeves, and one hand is raised to her chin in a standard gesture of a love-lorn woman. In the Chinese poetic lexicon, the spring wind is ‘an impetuous lover’. In A Lady in a Lakeside Pavilion, the spring breeze, which stirs amorous thoughts, is suggested by the agitated, fluttering fringe. In A Beauty in Spring Thoughts (handscroll, ink and light colours on paper; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), the dainty woman toys with her girdle as a prelude to lovemaking. Although Qiu had many followers, including his son, daughter and a son-in-law, as well as many imitators, none attained his stature, and he has no real successors. --DOA", -"date": "1495 - 1552", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShallouDan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shallou, Dan", + "comment": "Hawkins, William J., III and Willaim F. Willingham; Classic Houses of Portland, Oregon, 1850-1950, Portland, OR: Timber Press, 2005. ", + "date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QiuZhijie", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Qiu, Zhijie", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Fujian Province, resides in Beijing; studied at the Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts in Hangzhou, 1992.", -"date": "born 1969", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShamsalDinIbrahimShah", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shams al-Din Ibrahim Shah", + "comment": "Hattstein, Markus and Peter Delius; Islam: Art and Architecture, Cologne: Könemann, 2000. Founder of the Sharqi dynasty, part of the Jaunpur sultanates", + "date": "r. 1402-1436", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QuDing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Qu, Ding", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). c45d36 Alternate names: Ch'ü Ting, 屈鼎 Song dynasty Academy painter. Painted landscapes following Yan Wengui. --Seymour", -"date": "active ca. 1023 - 1056", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShamsBaysunghuri", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shams Baysunghuri", + "comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. alternate name: Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn Husan al-Harawi al-Baysunghuri Timurid", + "date": "d. 1446", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QuGuhan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Qu, Guhan", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShamsuddinalHasaniAbuZayd", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shamsuddin al-Hasani Abu Zayd", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. From Freer Gallery of Art Islamic Art slide set Seljuk potter", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QuLeilei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Qu, Leilei", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist. Member of the Stars group", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QuQiubai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Qu, Qiubai", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShamsuddinIlutmishSultan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shams-ud-din Ilutmish, Sultan", + "comment": "Archnet; http://archnet.org. ", + "date": "1211-1236", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QuanHandong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Quan, Handong", -"comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. Born in Guilin, Guangxi Provence. Now lives in New York city.", -"date": "b. 1956", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShanLianxiao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shan, Lianxiao", + "comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese artist working during the Cultural Revolution ", + "date": "active 1970s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QuanShanshi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Quan, Shanshi", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -"date": "born 1930", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShangJun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shang, Jun", + "comment": "Nagoya Bosuton Bijutsukan; Museum of Fine Arts, Boston; Okakura Tenshin and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Nagoya; Boston: Nagoya/Boston Museum of Fine Arts, 1999. ", + "date": "17th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QuejieJiangyang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Quejie, Jiangyang", -"comment": "Wei Ran; Buddhist Buildings (Ancient Chinese Architecture series, v.6), English edition, New York: Springer-Verlag Wien, 2000. ", -"date": "1416", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShangQi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shang, Qi", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s35q22 Alternate names: Shang Ch'i, 商琦 Yuan dynasty From Shandong province. Teacher at the court of Emperor Chengzong. Painted landscapes, bamboo, flowers. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 1295 - 1307", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QuerolJordi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Querol, Jordi", -"comment": "Ariza Muñoz, Carmen; Jardines de Madrid: Paseos Arbolados, Plazas y Parques, Madrid: Ayuntamiento de Madrid y Lunwerg Editores, 2001. ", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShangXi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shang, Xi", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s35x22 Alternate names: Shang Hsi, 商喜 Ming dynasty From Hunan province. Court painter ca. 1430-1440. Officer of the Imperial Guard. Painted tigers, landscapes, figures, flowers and birds after Song masters. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 1430 - 1440", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QuervilleAnthonyGabriel", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Querville, Anthony Gabriel", -"comment": "Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute; Masterpieces of American furniture from the Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, NY: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1999. ", -"date": "1789-1856", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShanghaiElectricMotorFactoryRevolutionCommitteePoliticalCampaignTeam", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shanghai Electric Motor Factory Revolution Committee Political Campaign Team", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. 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", + "date": "active 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RaschJürgenJ", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Rasch, Jürgen J.", -"comment": "WorldCat. ", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Shelmerdine", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shelmerdine", + "comment": "UO AAA Library Architectural Drawing Collection. AAA Architecture student", + "date": "active 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RasmussenEric", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Rasmussen, Eric", -"comment": "National Register of Historic Places. ", -"date": "active ca. 1900-1930", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SheltonDavid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shelton, David", + "comment": "Gleason, David King; Antebellum Homes of Georgia, Baton Rouge; London: Louisiana State University Press, 1987. Virginian who came to Georgia in the 1830s where he bought land and developed a plantation.", + "date": "1804-1855", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RasterTechnologyGmbH", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Raster Technology GmbH", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenBaoshan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shen, Baoshan", + "comment": "Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she; Shanghai ban hua xuan ji, Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1963. alternate name: 沈宝善", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RationalAlternatives", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Rational Alternatives", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenJiawei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shen, Jiawei", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + "date": "born 1948", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RauWilliamH", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Rau, William H.", -"comment": "Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. New York: Abbeville Press, 1997.. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenQin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shen, Qin", + "comment": "China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. Chinese artist, born Jiangsu Province; graduated 1982 from the Jiangsu Academy of Chinese Painting Academy.", + "date": "b. 1958", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RaulWayneSach", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Raul, Wayne, Sach", -"comment": "American century : art & culture. New York : Whitney Museum of American Art in association with W.W. Norton, c1999. vol. 2.. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenQiong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shen, Qiong", + "comment": "Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she; Shanghai ban hua xuan ji, Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1963. alternate name: 沈琼", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RaymoJames", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Raymo, James", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenQuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shen, Quan", + "comment": "Rawski, Evelyn S. and Jessica Rawson; China: The Three Emperors, 1662-1795, London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2005. ", + "date": "1682-1760", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RaynaudJ", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Raynaud, J.", -"comment": "Prin, Maurice; L'Ensemble conventuel des Jacobins de Toulouse, Toulouse: Les Amis des Archives de la Haute-Garonne, 2007. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenRoujian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shen, Roujian", + "comment": "Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she; Shanghai ban hua xuan ji, Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1963. born in Shao'an, Fujian Province; alternate name: 沈柔坚", + "date": "1919-1998", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Raz̤avī", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Raz̤avī", -"comment": "Petrosyan, Yuri A., Oleg F. Akimushkin, Anas B. Khalidov, and Efim A. Rezvan; Pages of Perfection: Islamic Paintings and Calligraphy from the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Lugano; Milan: ARCH Foundation; Electa, 1995. alternate name: Ghiyās al-Din Muhammad Razavī", -"date": "active mid 17th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenShaomin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shen, Shaomin", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist from Heilongjiang Province; lives and works in Beijing.", + "date": "b. 1956", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReadGeorgetheII", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Read, George the II", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Member of the State of Delaware Bar Association and son of a signer of the Declaration of Independence.", -"date": "1765-1836", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenXiaotong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shen, Xiaotong", + "comment": "China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. Chinese painter; graduated Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts 1989.", + "date": "b. 1968", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Redfern", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Redfern", -"comment": "Blum, Stella. Victorian Fashions and Costumes from Harper's Bazaar, 1867-1898. New York : Dover Publications, 1974. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenXun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shen, Xun", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese painter, active during the Yuan and Ming dynasties", + "date": "active ca. 1370-1400", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RedlandsPottery", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Redlands Pottery", -"comment": "The Arts and Crafts Movement in California :Living the Good Life. Edited by Kenneth R. Trapp, with essays by Leslie Greene Bowman. Oakland, Calif. : Oakland Museum: Abbeville Press, 1993. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenYaoding", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shen, Yaoding", + "comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese painter, born in Ningbo in Zhejiang Provine; graduated 1965 from the stage art department of China Central Drama Academy", + "date": "b. 1941", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RedzepiRené", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Redzepi, René", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. chef", -"date": "born 1977", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenYaoyi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shen, Yaoyi", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Shanghai, member of the Chinese Artists' Association; alternate name: 沈尧伊 ", + "date": "born 1943", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReedandStem", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Reed and Stem", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Architecture firm established in St. Paul, Minnesota by Charles A. Reed and Allen H. Stem.", -"date": "1891-1911", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenYuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shen, Yuan", + "comment": "Keswick, Maggie; Chinese Garden: History, Art and Architecture, London: Academy Editions, 1978. Chinese artist of the Qing dynasty", + "date": "active mid 18th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReedEthel", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Reed, Ethel", -"comment": "Meyer, Marilee Boyd; Inspiring Reform: Boston's Arts and Crafts Movement, Wellesley: Davis Museum and Cultural Center, 1997. graphic designer", -"date": "1874-before 1925", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenZhen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shen, Zhen", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s39z42 Alternate names: Shen Chen, 沈貞 Ming dynasty From Suzhou. Uncle of Shen Zhou. Painted landscapes following Dong Yuan. --Seymour", + "date": "1400 - 1482", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReedPollyAnnJane", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Reed, Polly Ann (Jane)", -"comment": "Sprigg, June; Shaker Design, New York, London: Whitney Museum of American Art, W.W. Norton & Company, 1986. Shaker painter", -"date": "1818-1881", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenZhendong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shen, Zhendong", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Shen Chen-tung", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReedTerry", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Reed, Terry", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. American photographer, based in Seattle.", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenbergLaimon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shenberg, Laimon", + "comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. ", + "date": "active 1986", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReesTim", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Rees, Tim", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. landscape gardner", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShengHuangYun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sheng, Huang Yun", + "comment": "Clark, William W. and Robert Mark; First Flying Buttresses: A New Reconstruction of the Nave of Notre-Dame de Paris, Art Bulletin, vol. 66, no. 1. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReeserAmanda", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Reeser, Amanda", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American architectural historian, author and co-editor of PRAXIS", -"date": "active after ca. 2000", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Reford", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Reford", -"comment": "MacDonald, George F.; Haida Monumental Art: Villages of the Queen Charlotte Islands, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1983. photographer", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShengMaoye", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sheng, Maoye", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s42m26y27 Alternate names: Sheng Mao-yeh (Mao-hua), 盛茂燁 Ming dynasty (b Changzhou [modern Suzhou], Jiangsu Province; fl c. 1594–1640). Chinese painter. Little is known about the life of Sheng Maoye: literary sources describe only his painting style, and he provided no personal information in inscriptions on his paintings. There is no record of his having pursued an official career, no family history and no surviving contemporary criticism of his skills. This implies that he did not move in Suzhou literati circles, since painters firmly established in the scholar–amateur élite, such as Dong Qichang, are generally well documented. Indeed, Sheng’s paintings are ‘functional’ rather than in the literati style (see China, §V, 4(ii)); many are large hanging scrolls depicting groups of scholars in nature, intended for hanging in entrance and reception halls, and some are ‘occasional’ paintings commissioned for special events. It seems that Sheng made his living by painting, but to dismiss him as a ‘professional’, implying vacuous imitation and lack of originality, is to undervalue him. Sheng’s dated paintings belong to the period 1594–1640. He was one of the leading Suzhou masters of his day, although his range of subject-matter was narrower than that of such others as Li Shida and the more highly regarded Zhang Hong. The scrolls Scholars Gazing at a Waterfall (1630; Berlin, Mus. Ostasiat. Kst) and Strolling in Spring Mountains (1623; Takatsuki, Sueyoshi Hashimoto priv. col.) exemplify the salient features of Sheng’s large-scale ‘scholar-in-landscape’ themes. In the former, varied angles, tonal depth and texture create contrasts between the three elements of trees, earth masses and figure groups. Pines and cypresses are broadly outlined, densely textured configurations consisting of exposed roots, dark masses of foliage and contorted, spindly branches. Among the leafless projecting branches there are dark accents in short strokes that seem to leap from the silk with a brusqueness similar to that of Sheng’s calligraphy. Earth forms are less jarring but no more stable. Strolling in Spring Mountains represents a similar, though more exaggerated landscape. The figures in Sheng’s landscapes, which seem only vaguely conscious of the precariousness of their environment, are of a certain type: They tend to be of ample proportion and to wear heavy, full garments which increase their rotundity. Their rather portly physiques are further emphasized by the artist’s inclination to ignore the interior folds of garments and instead to concentrate upon defining the overlapping folds of cuffs, collars and hems with wide, wavering lines (DMB). The ‘scholar-in-landscape’ theme was a standard one in the professional repertory and was also used by such amateurs as Wen Zhengming, although generally the figures are smaller and not the focus of the scene. An undated album of eight leaves (see fig.) is among Sheng’s best works. On the basis of style, it appears to have been executed in the 1620s, when Sheng made greater use of atmospheric effects. The landscape, bathed in mist, includes figures boating or fishing, on bridges or banks, rendered with a few descriptive strokes. Houses are likewise reduced to outlines with minimal indications of thatched or gabled roofs. Hills and banks, rather than being constructed from distinct units and repetitive texture strokes (cun), are defined by successive layers of washes and irregular dots: the palest tones were applied first, and the darkest areas occur as blurred patches of foliage or the dry contours of rock faces. Although there are allusions to the past (one leaf recalls illustrations of Su Shi’s poem Chibi fu (‘Ode on the Red Cliff’), and certain simple elements are close to the style of Dai Jin, the album represents Sheng at his most original. Sheng’s frequent use of far-off mist and vapour, into which the elements of the landscape appear to dissolve, may seem to be intended to avoid the requirements of careful composition and to result in shallow poetic effects. The technique has two practical purposes, however: first, in combination with the darker tones of rocks and middle-ground and foreground trees, mist gives a sense of spatial depth; and second, the viewer is prompted to concentrate on areas of greater definition, approximating the optical experience by which focusing on certain areas means the surrounding environment is perceived as blurred or less distinct. --DOA", + "date": "1625-1640", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RegnyJane", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Regny, Jane", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShengMou", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sheng, Mou", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s42m42 Alternate names: Sheng Mou, 盛懋 Yuan dynasty (b Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province; fl 1310–60). Chinese painter. He came from a family of professional painters, studying first with his father, Sheng Hong, an artist who had been active in Lin’an (now Hangzhou), the capital of the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279). He also studied with Chen Lin, himself a student of the influential early Yuan-period (1279–1368) painter Zhao Mengfu. Also active in Jiaxing was the literati painter Wu Zhen, one of the Four Masters of the Yuan period, who may also have had some influence on Sheng’s work. According to records, Sheng was skilful at painting landscapes, figures and bird-and-flower subjects. Most of the 60 or so extant works attributed to Sheng are landscapes, usually featuring figures. Because of the variety of his subject-matter, Sheng Mao is difficult to identify firmly either as a professional artist or as one of the literati. The themes of most of his paintings—famous figures from the past, scholars’ retreats, scholars at leisure playing musical instruments or contemplating streams and mountains, and virtuous fishermen—are common to contemporary literati works and probably reflect the concerns of both the artist and his patrons. However, unlike literati artists of the period, Sheng rarely added poetry to his works. Most of his inscriptions consisted only of his signature, the date and sometimes a title or dedication. Nevertheless, several of his works bear poetic colophons by prominent literati contemporaries, suggesting that Sheng had friends and associates among this group. Recluse Fishing by Autumn Trees (1350; New York, Met.), Waiting for a Ferry on an Autumnal River (1351; Beijing, Pal. Mus.) and Boating on a River in Autumn (1361; ink and colours on paper; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) bear several inscriptions and words of praise by literati painters such as Wei Jiuding and Wang Fu. Sheng Mao’s paintings display complex stylistic influences and betray his professional training. Pleasant Summer in a Mountain Retreat (hanging scroll, ink and colours on silk, 1213×578 mm; Kansas City, MO, Nelson–Atkins Mus. A.) is a landscape rendered in the archaistic blue-and-green style (qinglü), which originated in the Tang period (ad 618–907) and was exemplified in the works of Li Sixun (see Li (1)). This manner was later associated with professional artists, as were the meticulous brushwork and detailed figures, architecture and landscape elements that are characteristic of Sheng’s work. The critic Xia Wenyan, in his Tuhui baojian (‘Precious mirror for examining painting’, preface 1365), praised Sheng’s brushwork for its refinement, but observed that Sheng was ‘often carried away by technical skill’, an allusion to the fact that technical virtuosity was anathema to literati artists, who valued amateur status, spontaneity and personal expression. Other works place Sheng stylistically within the literati lineage of Zhao Mengfu by way of Chen Lin. Sheng’s brushwork in Boating on a River in Autumn has a vitality and spontaneity to rival that of any contemporary literatus. A colophon on this work by Wei Jiuding particularly praises Sheng’s trees for the beauty of their ‘awkwardness’, a much sought-after quality in literati painting. Some of his works depicting scholars as hermits or fishermen, such as Hermit Seated under Autumn Trees (hanging scroll, Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) and Fisherman on a Boat under Trees (album leaf, Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), are comparable to the literati paintings of his own time. Nevertheless, they equally show some influence from the 10th-century masters of landscape, Dong Yuan and Juran, such as the use of ‘unravelled rope’ modelling strokes: following ancient models was another major concern of Yuan-period literati painters. Since most of Sheng Mao’s extant works are of consistently high quality, it is reasonable to suppose that the artist was a major figure among the many accomplished painters active in the Jiangnan, the area south of the River Yangzi, during the last 50 years of the Yuan period. --DOA", + "date": "ca. 1310 - 1360", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReichardtC", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Reichardt, C.", -"comment": "Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. New York : Abbeville Press, 1997. 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Painted figures, flowers, birds. --Seymour", + "date": "1368 - 1398", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReichenbachCarlGeorgvon", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Reichenbach, Carl Georg von", -"comment": "Hiesinger, Kathryn Bloom; Art Nouveau in Munich: Masters of Jugendstil from the Stadtmuseum, Munich, and Other Public and Private Collections, Philadelphia, Munich: Philadelphia Museum of Art, Prestel-Verlag, 1988. 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", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShepherdRichard", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shepherd, Richard", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Derbyshire mason and builder", + "date": "first half 17th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReinholdMerkelbach", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Reinhold Merkelbach", -"comment": "Hiesinger, Kathryn Bloom; Art Nouveau in Munich: Masters of Jugendstil from the Stadtmuseum, Munich, and Other Public and Private Collections, Philadelphia, Munich: Philadelphia Museum of Art, Prestel-Verlag, 1988. From 1912-1918, Reinhold Merkelbach was part of a partnership known as Steinzeugwerke GmbH. Reinhold Merkelbach did not, however, contribute any character steins to this combine. From 1982 until 1988, Reinhold Merkelbach was part of the Goebel Company and was known as Goebel Merkelbach. 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", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShepleyRutanandCoolidge", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Firm that grew out of H.H. 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", + "date": "late 20th - early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReissHans", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Reiss, Hans", -"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. illustrator", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SherAli", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sher Ali", + "comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. 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", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShermanAugustus", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sherman, Augustus", + "comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RenGuisheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ren, Guisheng", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RenJian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ren, Jian", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Liaoning Province, resides in Wuhan, Hubei province; studied at Luxun Academy of Fine Arts, Shenyang, 1987.", -"date": "born 1965", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SherringJ", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sherring, J.", + "comment": "Hillenbrand, Robert; Islamic Architecture: Form, Function and Meaning, New York: Columbia University Press, 1994. illustrator", + "date": "active 1994", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RenLangsheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ren, Langsheng", -"comment": "Suzhou Institute of Landscape Architectural Design; Suzhou gardens, Beijing: Zhongguo jian zhu gong ye chu ban she, 1999. scholar official during the Guangxu period of the Qing dynasty", -"date": "late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SherwinJoseph", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sherwin, Joseph", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. British architect, worked in Portland, Oregon in the 1880s", + "date": "active ca. 1885", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RenMengzhang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ren, Mengzhang", -"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese painter, born in Hebei, graduated in 1953 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts; works in Shenyang, Liaoning", -"date": "b. 1934", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SherwoodRobertE", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sherwood, Robert E.", + "comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RenRenfa", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ren, Renfa", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). r26r26f22 Alternate names: Jen Jen-fa, 任仁發 Yuan dynasty (b Qinglongzhen [now Qingpu, Songjiang, Shanghai Municipality], 1255; d 1328). Chinese painter. Under the Yuan dynasty (1279–1368) he became an official, rising to the level of Vice-President of the River Conservation Bureau. He was famous for his paintings of horses (see fig.), which were much admired by both his Mongol and Chinese patrons. In horse painting he followed in the tradition of the Song-period (960–1279) artist Li gonglin, which was characterized by use of the ‘iron-wire’ line and a minimum of shading. Ultimately, however, Ren’s style can be traced to the Tang (ad 618–907) painters Yan Liben and Han Gan. Ren’s earliest surviving painting is dated 1280, indicating that he was a mature artist by his mid-twenties. Although he worked as an official under the alien Mongol emperors, he was capable of paintings that incorporated clear political messages. The most famous is Fat and Lean Horses (Beijing, Pal. Mus.), in which, according to his inscription, the fat horse represents the self-satisfied, wealthy official and the lean one the humble, poor, self-deprecating official. Most extant works by Ren are depictions of horses, but Two Ducks on an Autumn River (Shanghai Mus.) indicates that he was also accomplished in the bird-and-flower (huaniao) genre. This work suggests Ren’s use of the style of the 10th-century painter Huang Quan (see Xu Bangda). Ren’s abilities as a figure painter are demonstrated in the superb handscroll, the Daoist Immortal Zhang Guolao in Audience with Tang Minghuang (Beijing, Pal. Mus.). Ren had several talented followers, including his son, Ren Zizhao, and grandson, Ren Bowen. The latter is represented by one surviving work, the brilliant handscroll, Tribute Bearers (San Francisco, Asian A. Mus.). A colophon on this scroll by Wen Zhengming suggests that the model may have been a work by Yan Liben or Qian Xuan. Ren Renfa’s tomb was discovered in Qingpu in the 1950s. --DOA", -"date": "1255 - 1328", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RenXia", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ren, Xia", -"comment": "Weidner, Marsha, Ellen Johnston Laing, Irving Yucheng Lo, Christina Chu, and James Robinson; Views from Jade Terrace: Chinese Women Artists 1300-1912, Indianapolis: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 1988 (0847810038). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShevitzM", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shevitz, M.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RenXiong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ren, Xiong", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). r26x32 Alternate names: Jen Hsiung, 任熊 Qing dynasty (b Xiaoshan County, Zhejiang Province, 1820; d 1857). Chinese painter. He is grouped with his brother Ren Xun (1835–93), his son Ren Yu (1853–1901) and his student Ren yi as one of the ‘Four Rens’ who dominated late 19th-century painting in Shanghai (see China, §V, 3(viii)(b) and Shanghai school). He painted several popular painting manuals for subjects such as ancient heroes, immortals and hermits. He introduced into his conventional depictions of cultural heroes a sense of metaphysical inquiry and radical self-doubt that provides an insight into mid-19th century China, on the brink of cataclysmic change. In his Zihua xiang (‘Self-portrait’; Beijing, Pal. Mus.; see China, fig. 131) it is not entirely clear whether the figure is dressed as a peasant or as a monk; his bared chest is both defiant and feminine. His tonsure could be that of a monk or of a soldier. The inscription speaks of a rejection of idealism and a loss of identity. As a youth Ren Xiong trained with a local portraitist in Xiaoshan until he was expelled from his teacher’s studio. He began to sell his paintings in the commercial port of Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, where he met the scholar Yao Xie. Recognizing Ren’s talent for illustration, Yao commissioned an album of 120 leaves illustrating his poems. In Yao Xie, Ren Xiong gained a patron, the opportunity to view the paintings in Yao’s collections while living in his house and recognition from Yao’s circle of friends. Ren Xiong’s talent for woodblock illustration naturally attracted him to Suzhou in Jiangsu Province, a centre of book publishing and the home of his in-laws (he married the daughter of the painter Huang Zhu). When Ren Xiong discovered that the young Ren Yi in Shanghai was able to copy his works so successfully as to deceive buyers into thinking they were originals, he invited Ren Yi to Suzhou to become his student, by which he probably meant that Ren Yi was to assist him in the production of woodblock prints. In the process of engraving on wood practised in this period, the artist, in this case Ren Xiong, made books by painting illustrations and then engaging a craftsman to translate each painting to a sheet that could be pasted down on the block to guide the engraver. While the painter and even the engraver might command a reputation, the craftsman who provided the translation did not. Ren Xiong developed his figurative style from Chen Hongshou, another prolific book illustrator who brought to painting a temperament inclined to irony and social criticism, and a distinctive archaic linearity derived from the marks possible with the rigid tools of woodblock-engraving. Ren Xiong’s mature years were interrupted by the havoc of the Taiping Rebellion (1850–64). He was conscripted into the imperial army and served at the headquarters of the general charged with recapturing Nanjing, in Anhui Province. In August of 1856 Ren Xiong’s unit was defeated, and Ren went home. In the following year he died of tuberculosis at the age of 37, while engaged in illustrating a book, the Gaoshichuan (‘The lofty hermits’). Ren was capable of both stock illustration and perceptive character analysis in a popular medium. As one of the Four Rens he represents late 19th-century art in Shanghai. Shanghai artists were derisively labelled Haipai (‘Sea school’) by northern critics in the early 20th century, who contrasted the new modes of painting typified by Haipai, which engendered new patrons and touched the popular imagination, with the older canons of literati art, preserved in circles of artists who spurned professionalism. This criticism spawned a debate that continues to colour contemporary theories of 19th- and 20th-century Chinese painting. --DOA Painted landscapes, figures, flowers, birds, animals, fruit. --Seymour", -"date": "1820 - 1864", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RenXun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ren, Xun", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). r26x37 Alternate names: Jen Hsün, 任薰 Qing dynasty From Zhejiang. He is grouped with his older brother Ren Xiong (1820-1864), his son Ren Yu (1853–1901) and his student Ren yi as one of the ‘Four Rens’ who dominated late 19th-century painting in Shanghai. --DOA Painted flowers, figures, family tradition. --Seymour", -"date": "1835 - 1893", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiChong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shi, Chong", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist born in Huangshi, Hubei Province; graduated 1987 from the Hubei Institute of Fine Art", + "date": "b. 1963", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RenYi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ren, Yi", -"comment": "Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she; Shanghai ban hua xuan ji, Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1963. alternate name: 任意", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiDawei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shi, Dawei", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RenYu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ren, Yu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). r25y35 Alternate names: Jen Yü, 任預 Qing dynasty From Zhejiang. Son of Ren Xiong, nephew of Ren Xun. One of the "Four Rens." Painted landscapes, figures, portraits, flowers, birds, animals, family tradition. --Seymour", -"date": "1853 - 1901", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Rennefurriers", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Renne furriers", -"comment": "Moore, Doris Langley-Levy. Fashion through Fashion Plates, 1771-1970. New York, C.N. Potter, 1971. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiJinsong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shi, Jinsong", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist from Dangyang, Hubei Province; graduated in 1978 from the Hubei Academy of Fine Art, Wuhan", + "date": "b. 1969", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RennerEric", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Renner, Eric", -"comment": "Hume, Sandy, Ellen Manchester, Gary Metz and Nathan Lyons; Great West: Real/Ideal, Boulder: University of Colorado at Boulder, 1977. American photographer", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiLu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shi, Lu", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). Chinese painter, printmaker, calligrapher, poet and playwright from Sichuan; joined revolutionaries in Yanan and produced woodcut propaganda prints; later traveled through India and Egypt; alternate name: 石鲁", + "date": "1919-1982", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RenzhenLangjia", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Renzhen, Langjia", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Luhuo, Sichuan Province, Tibetan; member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 仁真朗加", -"date": "born 1943", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiQi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shi, Qi", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active mid 20 century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ResigDorothyD", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Resig, Dorothy D.", -"comment": "Shanks, Hershel; Jerusalem's Temple Mount: From Solomon to the Golden Dome, New York: Continuum, 2007. managing editor of the Biblical Archaeology Review (BAR)", -"date": "active ca. 2005-ca. 2007", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiRui", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shi, Rui", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s43r35 Alternate names: Shih Jui, 石銳 Ming dynasty From Zhejiang province. Summoned to palace. Painted landscapes, palace figures in the style of Sheng Mou. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 1426 - 1435", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReuschH", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Reusch, H.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiSongling", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shi, Songling", + "comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. Shi Songling was born in Yunji, Shanxi province. He has been director of the Anhui Print Research Association, a member of the Chinese Artists' Association, vice-chairman of the Anhui branch of the Chinese Artists' Association, and deputy director of the Chinese Printmakers' Association.", + "date": "born 1933", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReuschelJeff", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Reuschel, Jeff", -"comment": "Albrecht, Donald, Ellen Lupton, and Steven Skov Holt; Design culture now : National Design Triennial , New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiXinning", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shi, Xinning", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist born in Liaoning Province; graduated 1990 from the Luxun Academy of Fine Arts", + "date": "b. 1969", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RevellJohn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Revell, John", -"comment": "Goodman, Cynthia; Digital Visions: Computers and Art, New York; Syracuse: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers; Everson Museum of Art, 1987. surveyor", -"date": "active 1560-1563", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiXuhua", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shi, Xuhua", + "comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Wenling, Zhejiang province", + "date": "born 1962", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RevereCopperandBrassCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Revere Copper and Brass Company", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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", -"date": "1918-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShinsuiIto", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shinsui, Ito", + "comment": "Asian Art Photographic Distribution; Asian Art in the Denver Art Museum. alternate name: Ito Hajime", + "date": "1898-1972", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Rinne", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Rinne", -"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiomiSeisei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shiomi Seisei", + "comment": "Singer, Robert T. et al.; Edo: Art in Japan 1615-1868, Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1998. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RiordenElizabeth", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Riorden, Elizabeth", -"comment": "Stambaugh, John E.; Ancient Roman City, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988. illustrator", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Riousse", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Riousse", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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His lines in his works are superfine and are one of the ways of authenticating a work by him.", + "date": "1647-1722", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RiposatiDaniela", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Riposati, Daniela", -"comment": "Heiken, Grant, Renato Funiciello, and Donatella De Rita; Seven Hills of Rome, 3rd printing, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007. Italian scientific illustrator at the Italian National Institute for Geophysics and Volcanology", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShippeePaul", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shippee, Paul", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RippleDesign", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ripple Design", -"comment": "Chueca, Pilar; Sustainable Homes, Barcelona: Links, 2009. Los Angeles based architecture firm", -"date": "active ca. 1983-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiraiUzan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shirai, Uzan", + "comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", + "date": "1864-1928", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RitmeyerArchaeologicalDesign", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ritmeyer Archaeological Design", -"comment": "Shanks, Hershel; Jerusalem's Temple Mount: From Solomon to the Golden Dome, New York: Continuum, 2007. ", -"date": "begun 1983", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShirayamadaniKitaro", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shirayamadani, Kitaro", + "comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. Japanese potter and ceramic artist for Rookwood Pottery", + "date": "1865-1948", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RitmeyerLeen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ritmeyer, Leen", -"comment": "Shanks, Hershel; Jerusalem's Temple Mount: From Solomon to the Golden Dome, New York: Continuum, 2007. Archaeological architect involved in all of Jerusalem's major excavations", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiraziAdulQasim", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shirazi, Adu'l-Qasim", + "comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. calligrapher Qajar", + "date": "active early 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RivardMonicaandBob", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Rivard, Monica and Bob", -"comment": "Ojeda, Oscar Riera; Buildings & Landscapes: Lake/Flato, Gloucestor: Rockport Publishers, 2005. ", -"date": "active ca. 2003", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiraziQawamadDin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shirazi, Qawam ad-Din", + "comment": "Archnet; http://archnet.org. Same as ULAN Qaram al-Dīn ibn Zayn al-Dīn Shīrāzī (500063273)? Born in Shiraz, Qavam al-Din became one of the best-known Timurid court architects. His first known work is believed to have been a madrasa and khanqah built in Herat by Sultan Shah Rukh in 1410-11; this monument has not survived to our day. In 1418-1419 (821 A.H.), Qavam al-Din Shirazi completed a Friday Mosque for Gawhar Shad, Shah Rukh's queen, at Mashad and began building her Musalla Complex in Herat in 1417 (820 A.H.). 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", -"date": "active 1950s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShireburnRichardSir", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shireburn, Richard, Sir", + "comment": "British Listed Buildings. ", + "date": "active late 16th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RobbinsDavid", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Robbins, David", -"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", -"date": "active ca. 1940", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShirleyFrederickS", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shirley, Frederick S.", + "comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. ", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShogoBanura", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shogo, Ban'ura", + "comment": "Benton, Charlotte, Tim Benton and Ghislaine Wood; Art Deco 1910-1939, Boston: Bulfinch Press, 2003 (082122834X). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RobertBruce", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Robert, Bruce", -"comment": "American century : art & culture. New York : Whitney Museum of American Art in association with W.W. Norton, c1999. vol. 2.. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RobertC", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Robert, C.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. archaeologist", -"date": "active 1880s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShojoShokado", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shojo, Shokado", + "comment": "Asian Art Photographic Distribution; Asian Art in the Denver Art Museum. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RobertEbet", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Robert, Ebet", -"comment": "American century : art & culture. New York : Whitney Museum of American Art in association with W.W. Norton, c1999. vol. 2.. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RobertsRadioCoLtd", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Roberts Radio Co. Ltd.", -"comment": "Baker, Malcolm and Brenda Richardson; Grand Design: the Art of the Victoria and Albert Museum, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1997. ", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShokeiTenyu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shokei, Tenyu", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "fl. 1440-1460", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RobertsCharlie", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Roberts, Charlie", -"comment": "Gastman, Roger, Zio Fulcher and Jamie Rivadeneira; Hello Kitty, Hello Art!, New York: Abrams, 2012. 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Cincinnati-based design and furnishing workshop founded by Oscar Onken", + "date": "1904-1920", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RobertsFlorenceC", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Roberts, Florence C.", -"comment": "Wildman, Stephen and John Christian; Edward Burne-Jones: Victorian Artist-Dreamer, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, distributed by Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1998. ", -"date": "ca. 1879-1930", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShorinoUonari", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shori no Uonari", + "comment": "Mizuno, Keizaburō, Hideo Okada, and Kazuharu Asai; Tōdaiji to Heijōkyō : Nara no kenchiku, chōkoku, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1990 (4061964046). ", + "date": "752", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RobertsMichael", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Roberts, Michael", -"comment": "Martin, Richard; Fashion and Surrealism, New York, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1987. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShortCalandHarriett", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Short, Cal and Harriett", + "comment": "Starner, Carolyn; Emerald Journey: A Walk Through Northwest Gardens, Spokane: Greenstem Press, 2004. Philanthropist couple whose estate formed the nucleus for the Bellevue (Washington) Botanical Garden", + "date": "active 1990s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RobertsW", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Roberts, W.", -"comment": "Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. 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French designer", -"date": "born 1872", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SimpsonHughA", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Simpson, Hugh A.", + "comment": "Architects' Emergency Committee; Great Georgian Houses of America, 1970 unabridged republication, New York: Dover Publications, 1970. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RousseauLouis", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Rousseau, Louis", -"comment": "Bernard, Bruce; Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography, 1840-1940, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. French photographer.", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RouxAlexander", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Roux, Alexander", -"comment": "Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute; Masterpieces of American furniture from the Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, NY: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1999. 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Active 1996- present", -"date": "Born 1956", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RowellSteven", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Rowell, Steven", -"comment": "Heartney, Eleanor; Art & Today, New York: Phaidon Press, Inc., 2008. Photographer for the Center for Land Use Interpretation", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SimpsonLW", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Simpson, L. W.", + "comment": "Tucker, Kevin; Gustav Stickley and the American Arts & Crafts Movement, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 2010. craftsperson in the Gustav Stickley Craftsman Workshop", + "date": "active ca. 1900", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RoyAnandaroop", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Roy, Anandaroop", -"comment": "Behrendt, Kurt; Art of Gandhara in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2007. ", -"date": "active early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SimpsonSuzanne", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Simpson, Suzanne", + "comment": "Doubilet, Susan; 'Traditional Office is Transformed', Progressive Architecture, vol. 66, no. 5. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RoyalCopenhagen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Royal Copenhagen", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Royal Copenhagen is owned by Royal Scandinavia, a financial holding company. The main shareholder is Axcel, a private equity fund.", -"date": "1775-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SimpsonThomasWIlliam", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Simpson, Thomas WIlliam", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RoyalSchoolofArtNeedlework", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Royal School of Art Needlework", -"comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. London. Now called he Royal School of Needlework", -"date": "1872-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SimsKarl", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sims, Karl", + "comment": "Shanken, Edward A.; Art and Electronic Media, London; New York: Phaidon Press, 2009. ", + "date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RoycroftersFurnitureWorkshop", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Roycrofters Furniture Workshop", -"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. East Aurora New York community of artisans founded by Elbert Green Hubbard", -"date": "1895-1938", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SinghAmar", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Singh, Amar", + "comment": "Crites, Mitchell Shelby and Ameeta Nanji; India Sublime: Princely Palace Hotels of Rajasthan, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 2007. General Amar Singh was the Commander of the Jaipur State Force and the Thakur of Kanota. ", + "date": "died 1942", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RTMARK", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "RTMARK", -"comment": "www.rtmark.com. ", -"date": "1994-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SinghUmaid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Singh, Umaid", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1911-1947", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RuanGao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ruan, Gao", -"comment": "Gu gong bo wu yuan cang hua ji (Chungkuo litai huihua v.1), Beijing: Renmin mei shu chu ban she, 1978. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SiniRaffaele", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sini, Raffaele", + "comment": "Pigeat, Jean-Paul; Gardens of the World: Two Thousand Years of Garden Design, English language edition, Paris: Editions Flammarion, 2003. ", + "date": "active early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RubinJon", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Rubin, Jon", -"comment": "Klanten, Robert, Alain Bieber, Pedro Alonzo, Silke Krohn et al; Art & Agenda: Political Art and Activism, Berlin: Gestalten, 2011. Active 1996- present Member of Conflict Kitchen", -"date": "20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SinramMarianne", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sinram, Marianne", + "comment": "Williams, Jane Welch; Bread, Wine and Money: the Windows of the Trades at Chartres Cathedral, Chicago, London: University of Chicago Press, 1993. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RubleGary", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ruble, Gary", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. American photographer", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SissleNoble", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sissle, Noble", + "comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RubyHarry", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ruby, Harry", -"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RuchetBerthe", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ruchet, Berthe", -"comment": "Hiesinger, Kathryn Bloom; Art Nouveau in Munich: Masters of Jugendstil from the Stadtmuseum, Munich, and Other Public and Private Collections, Philadelphia, Munich: Philadelphia Museum of Art, Prestel-Verlag, 1988. ", -"date": "active 1895-1900", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SistersoftheSocietyofStMargaret", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sisters of the Society of St. Margaret", + "comment": "Meyer, Marilee Boyd; Inspiring Reform: Boston's Arts and Crafts Movement, Wellesley: Davis Museum and Cultural Center, 1997. ", + "date": "1871-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RudauxHenri", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Rudaux, Henri", -"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SitricofKells", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sitric of Kells", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Co. Meath, Ireland", + "date": "11th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RuddimanJohnstonandCoLtd", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ruddiman Johnston & Co., Ltd.", -"comment": "Leboff, David and Tim Demuth; No Need to Ask! Early Maps of London's Underground Railways, Middlesex: Capital Transport Publishing, 1999. London printer/publisher", -"date": "late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SivasiNuri", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sivasi, Nuri", + "comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. calligrapher Ottoman", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RudhallWilliam", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Rudhall, William", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "ca. 1700", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SivenKirsti", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Siven, Kirsti", + "comment": "Stang, Alanna and Christopher Hawthorne; Green House: New Directions in Sustainable Architecture, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2005. ", + "date": "1949-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RudolfICountofHabsburg", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Rudolf I, Count of Habsburg", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "895/990-1063", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SiyahQalamMuhammad", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Siyah-Qalam, Muhammad", + "comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. (fl late 14th century or 15th). Name associated with a Persian, Turkoman or western Central Asian painter or painters. The full name, which translates as Master Muhammad Black Pen, refers in the narrowest sense to the inscriptions on 65 paintings and drawings, mostly of demons, nomads and workers, in two albums (Istanbul, Topkapı Pal. Lib., H. 2153 and H. 2160). Whether the inscriptions are signatures, attributions to a specific artist or references to a type of painting is debatable; no consensus of opinion has been reached as to when, where and why the works were produced. The two albums contain no introduction, patron’s name or date of compilation. They are known as the Ya‛qub Beg Albums on the basis of the number of calligraphies signed by scribes with the epithet Ya‛qubi, referring to the Aqqoyunlu Turkoman Ya‛qub Beg (reg 1478–90). The latest calligraphy in one album (H. 2160) is dated 1511–12 and the first and last folios are stamped with the seal of the Ottoman sultan Selim I (reg 1512–20), so the album was probably complete by 1512 and had entered Ottoman possession by 1520 (see also Islamic art, §III, 4(v)(f)). The other album (H. 2153) is contemporary, since it also contains the seal of Selim I and several calligraphies produced after the death of Ya‛qub, including one dated 1496. In addition to the Siyah Qalam group, the 546 paintings and drawings in H. 2153 and the 131 in H. 2160 include 14th- and 15th-century works attributed to artists working in Tabriz, Baghdad, Herat and Samarkand, as well as European prints, Chinese paintings and Ottoman paintings, presumably added during the reign of Selim I or later.", + "date": "15th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ruff", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ruff", -"comment": "UO AAA Library Architectural Drawing Collection. 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", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RugoloLawrence", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Rugolo, Lawrence", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Photographer and Professor Emeritus of Art, University of Missouri-Columbia, 1960-1995. ", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SKBPrometei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "SKB 'Prometei'", + "comment": "Shanken, Edward A.; Art and Electronic Media, London; New York: Phaidon Press, 2009. Founding members include Bulat M. 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", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RussellEva", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Russell, Eva", -"comment": "Barter, Judith A.; Apostles of Beauty: Arts and Crafts From Britain to Chicago, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. Ceramicist with Grueby Faience Company", -"date": "active ca. 1905", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SlaytonMrandMrsGeorgeA", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Slayton, Mr. and Mrs. George A.", + "comment": "Rutz, Miriam Easton; Public Gardens of Michigan, East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2002. ", + "date": "active ca. 1920", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RussiDavid", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Russi, David", -"comment": "Greiff, Constance M.; Lost America, From the Mississippi to the Pacific, Princeton: Pyne Press, 1972. 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Safavid calligrapher", -"date": "active 1550s-1560s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmetVerhasF", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Smet-Verhas, F.", + "comment": "Loze, Pierre and François Loze; Belgium Art Nouveau: from Victor Horta to Antoine Pompe, Ghent: Eiffel Editions, 1991. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RustinArnold", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Rustin, Arnold", -"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. 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Shaker furniture maker", + "date": "1806-1888", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RyukoShinkei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ryuko, Shinkei", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Zen Priest", -"date": "c. 1433-62", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithMargeryHoffman", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Smith, Margery Hoffman", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Assistant director to the Federal Art Project in Oregon. 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", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RyukyoShikibu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ryukyo, Shikibu", -"comment": "Asian Art Photographic Distribution; Asian Art in the Denver Art Museum. ", -"date": "active early 16th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithR", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Smith, R.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithShellyJ", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Smith, Shelly J", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. American photographer", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RyzhovAI", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ryzhov, A. I.", -"comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", -"date": "1838-1893", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithWD", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Smith, W.D.", + "comment": "Lafever, Minard; Modern Builder's Guide, Dover reprint edition, New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1969. ", + "date": "first half 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RyzhovPleshkovAI", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ryzhov-Pleshkov, A. I.", -"comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", -"date": "1889-1939", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithBarryJamesHugh", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Smith-Barry, James Hugh", + "comment": "thepeerage.com. ", + "date": "b. 1748", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SabatiniR", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sabatini, R.", -"comment": "Saalman, Howard; Filippo Brunelleschi: The Cupola of Santa Maria del Fiore, London: A. Zwemmer Ltd, 1980. Italian architectural historian and author", -"date": "active ca. 1945", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithsTropicalParadise", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Smith's Tropical Paradise", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Founded by Emily and Walter Smith, Sr., this botanical garden and resort continues to be owned and managed by later generations of the same family.", + "date": "founded 1946", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SadaSuigan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sada, Suigan", -"comment": "Meiji kaikaki no nishikie (Meiji Japan through woodblock prints), Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1989. ", -"date": "1822?-1882", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmullinF", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Smullin, F.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SadamasuIchijuen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sadamasu, Ichijuen", -"comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker", -"date": "active ca. 1835", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SadaokaGakutei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sadaoka Gakutei", -"comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. printer", -"date": "1786?-1868", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmythD", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Smyth, D.", + "comment": "Myers, J. 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Safavid painter in the court of Abbas I", -"date": "1533–1610", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SnegurIgorGrigorevich", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Snegur, Igor Grigorevich", + "comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. ", + "date": "active 1977", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SadoyanEdward", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sadoyan, Edward", -"comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. ", -"date": "active 1985", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SobekWerner", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sobek, Werner", + "comment": "Stang, Alanna and Christopher Hawthorne; Green House: New Directions in Sustainable Architecture, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2005. German architect", + "date": "1953-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SáglováZorka", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ságlová, Zorka", -"comment": "Schimmel, Paul. Out of Actions: Between Performance the the Object, 1949-1979. 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Photographer and Emeritus Professor of Art at Central Washington University", -"date": "1936-2009", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Sajnu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sajnu", -"comment": "Falk, Toby, ed.; Treatures of Islam, London: Philip Wilson Publishers, Ltd., 1985 (0856671967). Mughal painter", -"date": "active 1590s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SocietyofBlueandWhiteNeedlework", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Society of Blue and White Needlework", + "comment": "Meyer, Marilee Boyd; Inspiring Reform: Boston's Arts and Crafts Movement, Wellesley: Davis Museum and Cultural Center, 1997. Deerfield, MA", + "date": "1896-ca. 1926", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SakaiSanryo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sakai, Sanryo", -"comment": "Tokyo National Museum; 100th Anniversary of the Japan Art Institute: Lineage of Modern Japanese Art, Tokyo: Japan Art Institute, 1998. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Soetsu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Soetsu", + "comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", + "date": "18th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SakataKazuo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sakata, Kazuo", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1889-1956", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Soga", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Soga", + "comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", + "date": "19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SalRawalBairi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sal, Rawal Bairi", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Prime Minister of Jaipur State ", -"date": "second half 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SogaJasoku", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Soga, Jasoku", + "comment": "Onishi, Hiroshi, Takemitsu Oba and Sondra Castile; Immortals and Sages: Paintings from Ryoanji Temple, Reprint, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1993. 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", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SogaNichokuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Soga, Nichokuan", + "comment": "Kobayashi, Tadashi and Hiroyuki Kano; Kano-ha to fuzokuga, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. Nichokuan ( fl first half of 17th century) proclaimed himself the sixth-generation student of Soga Jasoku (see Soga) and of Tenshō shūbun. Takeno jōō is credited with founding the Sakai school of tea at the Zen temple of Nanshūji. One of his pupils there was the famous tea master Sen no rikyū. Artists in this milieu active in Sakai included Takuan sōhō, Soga Chokuan (see Soga, (1)), his son Nichokuan ( fl 1620–60) and members of the Tosa school of painting.--DOA", + "date": "17th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SalfieldDavid", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Salfield, David", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. studied architecture in Germany, was an architect in San Francisco and leading businessman in Stockton, California as president of the Eldorado Land Company", -"date": "b. 1861", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Sogitec", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sogitec", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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American printmaker", -"date": "1900-1990", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SokolovMikhail", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sokolov, Mikhail", + "comment": "King, David; Commissar Vanishes: the falsification of photographs and art in Stalin's Russia, First Edition, New York: Metropolitan Books, 1997. ", + "date": "active 1937", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SamantMohanB", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Samant, Mohan B.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1926-2004", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SokurovAlexandr", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sokurov, Alexandr", + "comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", + "date": "born 1951", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SamantSharmila", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Samant, Sharmila", -"comment": "Sambrani, Chaitanya; Edge of Desire: Recent Art in India, London: Philip Wilson Publishers, 2006. ", -"date": "born 1967", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SolarRoomCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Solar Room Company", + "comment": "Name used by John Reynolds, architect, Eugene, Oregon. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SamuelBrothers", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Samuel Brothers", -"comment": "Ginsburg, Madeleine. An introduction to fashion illustration. Warminster, Wiltshire : Compton Press, 1980. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SolarTechnologyCorporation", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Solar Technology Corporation", + "comment": "Name used by John Reynolds, architect, Eugene, Oregon. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SamuelRalph", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Samuel, Ralph", -"comment": "Moholy-Nagy, Laszlo; Vision in Motion, Chicago: Paul Theobald, 1947. ", -"date": "active ca. 1945", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SommererChrista", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sommerer, Christa", + "comment": "Shanken, Edward A.; Art and Electronic Media, London; New York: Phaidon Press, 2009. ", + "date": "born 1964", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SanLuisObispoSustainabilityGroupArchitectsSLOSG", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "San Luis Obispo Sustainability Group Architects (SLOSG)", -"comment": "http://www.slosustainability.com/Services%20page/services_ra.html. California", -"date": "1976-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SonchōPrince", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sonchō, Prince", + "comment": "Hickman, Money L. et al.; Japan's Golden Age: Momoyama, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SánchezCasasC", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sánchez-Casas, C.", -"comment": "Ariza Muñoz, Carmen; Jardines de Madrid: Paseos Arbolados, Plazas y Parques, Madrid: Ayuntamiento de Madrid y Lunwerg Editores, 2001. ", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SanchezPertejoFernando", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sanchez-Pertejo, Fernando", -"comment": "Valdés, Manuel; Una Historia Arquitectónica de la Catedral De León, León: Santiago García, 1994. ", -"date": "active 18th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongBoren", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Song, Boren", + "comment": "Lee, Sherman; China: 5,000 Years: Innovation and Transformation in the Arts, New York: Guggenheim Museum Publications, 1998. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SandaldjianHagop", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sandaldjian, Hagop", -"comment": "Heartney, Eleanor; Art & Today, New York: Phaidon Press, Inc., 2008. An Egyptian born Armenian artist, musician, and micro-miniature sculptor. 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", -"date": "born 1970", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongDake", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Song, Dake", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. from Shandong Province; learn woodcut and photography independently; alternate name: 宋大可 ", + "date": "1924-1947", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SandersCharles", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sanders, Charles", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. American photographer", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongDi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Song, Di", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s56d32 Alternate names: Sung Ti, 宋迪 Song dynasty From Loyang. Landscapes following Li Cheng. One of the first to represent "Eight Views of Xiao and Xiang." --Seymour", + "date": "965 - 1034", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SandersD", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sanders, D.", -"comment": "Gerson, Paula Lieber; Abbot Suger and Saint-Denis: a Symposium, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1986. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongDong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Song, Dong", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. b. Beijing Capital Normal University, Beijing, 1989", + "date": "b. 1966", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SandersDonald", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sanders, Donald", -"comment": "Clark, William W. and Robert Mark; First Flying Buttresses: A New Reconstruction of the Nave of Notre-Dame de Paris, Art Bulletin, vol. 66, no. 1. ", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongEnhou", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Song, Enhou", + "comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. Song Enhou was born in Yingkou, Liaoning province. His artist's sobriquet is Shizhan. ", + "date": "born 1936", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SandinD", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sandin, D.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongGuangxun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Song, Guangxun", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Hebei Province; member of the Chinese Artists' Association, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 宋广训", + "date": "born 1930", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Sandoval", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sandoval", -"comment": "UO AAA Library Architectural Drawing Collection. AAA Architecture student", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongHaidong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Song, Haidong", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist born in Yangzhou. Considered to be one of the earliest artists to experiment with installation art in China. ", + "date": "b. 1958", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SandovalE", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sandoval, E.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongHouzheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Song, Houzheng", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Sung Hou-cheng", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SandwichGlassCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sandwich Glass Company", -"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. Sandwich, MA", -"date": "1825-1888", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongLing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Song, Ling", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist, member of the Pool Society artist collective.", + "date": "active ca. 1985", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SanetelRonaldL", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sanetel, Ronald L.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongMaojin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Song, Maojin", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. s56,42k32 Alternate names: Sung Mou-chin, 宋懋晉 ; Mingzhi (style name) Ming dynasty Pupil of Song Xu. Landscapes, pine trees. Ming flower painter. --Seymour", + "date": "active 16th-17th centuries", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SanfilippoPhilip", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sanfilippo, Philip", -"comment": "Architects' Emergency Committee; Great Georgian Houses of America, 1970 unabridged republication, New York: Dover Publications, 1970. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongRuzhi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Song, Ruzhi", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s56r33z44 Alternate names: Sung Ju-chih, 宋懋晉 Song dynasty From Zhejiang province. Became a Daoist monk in the Yuan period. Landscapes, figures, flowers, birds, followed Lou Guan. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 1240 - 1264", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SankoGalina", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sanko, Galina", -"comment": "Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. New York: Abbeville Press, 1997.. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongTao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Song, Tao", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist and curator, born in Shanghai, studied at the Shanghai Institute of Arts and Crafts (1995-1998), member of the BirdHead group.", + "date": "b. 1979", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SanseishaCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sanseisha Company", -"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Demon of Painting: The Art of Kawanabe Kyosai, London: British Museum Press, 1993. 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", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SpadoniOlintoL", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Spadoni, Olinto L.", + "comment": "Worldcat. archaeologist", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ScheidmayerPianofortefabrik", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Scheidmayer Pianofortefabrik", -"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. 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", -"date": "1901-1976", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SpahrHerlinde", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Spahr, Herlinde", + "comment": "Acton, David; Sixty Years of North American Prints: 1947-2007, Boston: Boston Printmakers, 2009. Belgian-born visual artist and printmaker, studied in California, works in the United States", + "date": "born 1952", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchermanDavidE", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Scherman, David E.", -"comment": "Livingston, Jane; Lee Miller: Photograher, New York; London: California/International Arts Foundation; Thames and Hudson, 1989. ", -"date": "active ca. 1945", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SpanE", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Span, E.", + "comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchillingHoward", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Schilling, Howard", -"comment": "Turner, Suzanne and A.J. Meek; Gardens of Louisiana: Places of Work and Wonder, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997. American horticulturalist", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SpaulingsReena", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Spaulings, Reena", + "comment": "Foster, Hal, Rosalind Krauss, Yve-Alain Bois, Benjamin H.D. Buchloh and David Joselit; Art Since 1900: Modernism, Antimodernism, Postmodernism, 1945 to the Present, vol. 2, second edition, London: Thames & Hudson, 2011. ", + "date": "active early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchindelKonrad", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Schindel, Konrad", -"comment": "Roder, Sabine, Gerhard Storck, and Michael Fehr; Deutsches Museum fur Kunst in Handel und Gewerbe, 1909-1919, Antwerp: Pandora, 1997. silversmith at Wiener Werkstatt", -"date": "active ca. 1904", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SpeaightRichardN", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Speaight, Richard N.", + "comment": "Bernard, Bruce; Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography, 1840-1940, New York: Harry N. 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", + "date": "1668-1729", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchlesingerJohn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Schlesinger, John", -"comment": "Aperture, no. 103. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SpenceryCia", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Spencer y Cia", + "comment": "Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. New York: Abbeville Press, 1997.. 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", + "date": "1997-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchmidtArthur", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Schmidt, Arthur", -"comment": "Herzogenrath, Wulf and Stefan Kraus; Bauhaus Utopien: Arbeiten auf Papier, Stuttgart: Cantz, 1988. ", -"date": "active ca. 1930", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SpratsWilliam", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sprats, William", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Famed architect-builder who introduced the Federal Style of architecture to the Connecticut and Hudson River Valleys in the late 18th to early 19th centuries.", + "date": "late 18th-early 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchmidtFriedrichvon", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Schmidt, Friedrich von", -"comment": "Dehio, Georg and Gustav von Bezold; Die Kirchliche Baukunst des Abendlandes: Historisch und Systematisch Dargestellt, atlas v.5, Stuttgart: J.G. Cotta, 1969. 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", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StMartinofToursscriptorium", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "St. Martin of Tours scriptorium", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + "date": "9th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchmiegHungateandKotzianIncorporated", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Schmieg, Hungate, and Kotzian, Incorporated", -"comment": "Hanks, David A. and Jennifer Toher; Donald Deskey: Decorative Designs and Interiors, New York: E.P. Dutton, 1987. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StaffordandCoLtd", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Stafford & Co. Ltd.", + "comment": "Victoria and Albert Museum website. ", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchmutzerJoseph", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Schmutzer, Joseph", -"comment": "Schütz, Bernard; Great Monasteries of Europe, English language edition, New York; London: Abeeville Press Publishers, 2004. apparently not ULAN 500062826", -"date": "active mid 18th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StahlArpke", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Stahl-Arpke", + "comment": "Wrede, Stuart; Modern Poster, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1988. 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", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShallouDan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shallou, Dan", -"comment": "Hawkins, William J., III and Willaim F. Willingham; Classic Houses of Portland, Oregon, 1850-1950, Portland, OR: Timber Press, 2005. ", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StrobridgeLithographyCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Strobridge Lithography Company", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. The Strobridge Lithographing Company, especially well-known for its production of circus and theatrical posters from the late 1800s and early 1900s, also produced a variety of printed items including maps, portraits, diplomas, counter displays, and blotters. The firm was established in Cincinnati, but a New York address can also be seen on the backs of some images in this collection.", + "date": "active 1847-1960", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShamsalDinIbrahimShah", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shams al-Din Ibrahim Shah", -"comment": "Hattstein, Markus and Peter Delius; Islam: Art and Architecture, Cologne: Könemann, 2000. Founder of the Sharqi dynasty, part of the Jaunpur sultanates", -"date": "r. 1402-1436", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StrockGeorge", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Strock, George", + "comment": "This Fabulous Century: 1940-1950, New York: Time-Life Books, 1969. Life magazine staff photographer known for his iconic World War II images", + "date": "active 1940s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShamsBaysunghuri", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shams Baysunghuri", -"comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. alternate name: Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn Husan al-Harawi al-Baysunghuri Timurid", -"date": "d. 1446", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StryjeńskiKarol", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Stryjeński, Karol", + "comment": "Blakesley, Rosalind; Arts and Crafts Movement, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2006. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShamsuddinalHasaniAbuZayd", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shamsuddin al-Hasani Abu Zayd", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. From Freer Gallery of Art Islamic Art slide set Seljuk potter", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShamsuddinIlutmishSultan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shams-ud-din Ilutmish, Sultan", -"comment": "Archnet; http://archnet.org. ", -"date": "1211-1236", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudentsattheUniversityofVirginia", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Students at the University of Virginia", + "comment": "Chueca, Pilar; Sustainable Homes, Barcelona: Links, 2009. Students participating in the Solar Decathlon competition organized by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory", + "date": "ca. 2005", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShanLianxiao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shan, Lianxiao", -"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese artist working during the Cultural Revolution ", -"date": "active 1970s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudentsofHowardUniversity", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Students of Howard University", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Group responsible for designing the Stone Memorial at Mount Vernon", + "date": "early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShangJun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shang, Jun", -"comment": "Nagoya Bosuton Bijutsukan; Museum of Fine Arts, Boston; Okakura Tenshin and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Nagoya; Boston: Nagoya/Boston Museum of Fine Arts, 1999. ", -"date": "17th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudioAlhadeffArchitects", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Studio Alhadeff Architects", + "comment": "Roth, Manuela; Ecological Living, Kempen: teNeus Verlag, 2009. Italian architecture firm founded by Giancarlo Alhadeff.", + "date": "active 1991-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShangQi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shang, Qi", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s35q22 Alternate names: Shang Ch'i, 商琦 Yuan dynasty From Shandong province. Teacher at the court of Emperor Chengzong. Painted landscapes, bamboo, flowers. --Seymour", -"date": "ca. 1295 - 1307", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudioDamilano", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Studio Damilano", + "comment": "Roth, Manuela; Ecological Living, Kempen: teNeus Verlag, 2009. Italian architectural firm", + "date": "active ca. 1990-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShangXi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shang, Xi", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s35x22 Alternate names: Shang Hsi, 商喜 Ming dynasty From Hunan province. Court painter ca. 1430-1440. Officer of the Imperial Guard. Painted tigers, landscapes, figures, flowers and birds after Song masters. --Seymour", -"date": "ca. 1430 - 1440", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudioEnzodiGrazia", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Studio Enzo di Grazia", + "comment": "Murray, Peter; Renaissance Architecture, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1978. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShanghaiElectricMotorFactoryRevolutionCommitteePoliticalCampaignTeam", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shanghai Electric Motor Factory Revolution Committee Political Campaign Team", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudioGilArchitects", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Studio Gil Architects", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "2008-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShanghaiFineArtDesignCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shanghai Fine Art Design Company", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. located in No. 23, Lane 258, Cao Xi Road, Shanghai", -"date": "1956-present", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudioInklink", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Studio Inklink", + "comment": "http://www.inklink.it. Simone Boni and Alessandro Rabatti, Founders", + "date": "1995-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShanghaiPeoplesPublishingHousePosterProductionGroup", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shanghai People's Publishing House Poster Production Group", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudioMCMsrlACSys", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Studio M.C.M.srl-ACSys", + "comment": "Haselberger, Lothar, Jon Humphrey and Dean Abernathy; Imaging Ancient Rome: Documentation, Visualization, Imagination: Proceedings of the Third Williams Symposium on Classical Architecture. ", + "date": "ca. 1990-ca. 2010", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShansuddinBaysunghuri", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shansuddin Baysunghuri", -"comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. ", -"date": "active 1420s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudioOttolenghi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Studio Ottolenghi", + "comment": "Lista, Giovanni; Futurism & Photography, London: Merrell Publishers Limited, 2001. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShaoKeping", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shao, Keping", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Zhenhai, Zhejiang Province; woodcut artist; alternate name: 邵克萍", -"date": "born 1916", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudioPeiZhu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Studio Pei-Zhu", + "comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Contemporary Chinese architecture firm", + "date": "active 2006-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShaoYinong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shao, Yinong", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Pining, Qinghai Province; graduated from Qinghai Normal University; longtime collaboration with fellow-artist Mu Chen.", -"date": "b. 1961", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudioPetrarca", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Studio Petrarca", + "comment": "Stang, Alanna and Christopher Hawthorne; Green House: New Directions in Sustainable Architecture, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2005. architecture firm located in New York", + "date": "active early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShapurIKing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shapur I, King", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "241-272 CE", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudioBabayeva", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Studio, Babayeva", + "comment": "Bernard, Bruce; Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography, 1840-1940, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SharpGeorge", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sharp, George", -"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. ", -"date": "active 1844-ca. 1972", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SharpeEric", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sharpe, Eric", -"comment": "Carruthers, Annette and Mary Greensted; Good citizen's furniture : the arts and crafts collections at Cheltenham, Cheltenham: Cheltenham Art Gallery and Museum, 1994. English furniture designer in the Arts and Crafts movement.", -"date": "n.d.", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudnitskayaAV", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Studnitskaya, A. V.", + "comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. toy maker", + "date": "1936-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SharpleRolinda", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sharple, Rolinda", -"comment": "Borzello, Frances; Seeing Ourselves: Women's Self-Portraits, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StulovIK", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Stulov, I. K.", + "comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", + "date": "1902-1979", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShawAlfred", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shaw, Alfred", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Trained in the office of Daniel H. Burnham's architectural firm in Chicago; later part of the firm of Shaw, Naess & Murphy", -"date": "1895-1970", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SturgisJohnHubbard", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sturgis, John Hubbard", + "comment": "Kimball, Fiske; Domestic Architecture of the American Colonies and of the Early Republic, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1922. 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", -"date": "1865-1954", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuchanTom", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Suchan, Tom", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + "date": "active ca. late 20th-early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SheldrickMearsandCW", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sheldrick, Mears and C.W.", -"comment": "Fairclough, Oliver and Emmeline Leary; Textiles by William Morris and Morris & Co., 1861-1940, London, Westfield, NJ: Thames and Hudson, Eastview Editions, 1981. ", -"date": "active 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuchodolskiSiegmundvon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Suchodolski, Siegmund von", + "comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. illustrator", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Shelmerdine", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shelmerdine", -"comment": "UO AAA Library Architectural Drawing Collection. 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A society formed in 1909 to encourage artists to forward the Woman's Movement, and particularly the enfranchisement of women, by means of pictorial publications.", + "date": "1909", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SheltonDavid", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shelton, David", -"comment": "Gleason, David King; Antebellum Homes of Georgia, Baton Rouge; London: Louisiana State University Press, 1987. Virginian who came to Georgia in the 1830s where he bought land and developed a plantation.", -"date": "1804-1855", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SugarloafBuildingCompanyInc", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sugarloaf Building Company, Inc.", + "comment": "McGregor, Suzi Moore and Nora Burba Trulsson; Living Homes: Sustainable Architecture and Design, San Francisco: Chronicle Press, 2008. Building company located in Boulder, Colorado", + "date": "active ca. 1995", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenBaoshan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shen, Baoshan", -"comment": "Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she; Shanghai ban hua xuan ji, Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1963. alternate name: 沈宝善", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SugawaranoMitsushige", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sugawara no Mitsushige", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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Chinese artist, born Jiangsu Province; graduated 1982 from the Jiangsu Academy of Chinese Painting Academy.", -"date": "b. 1958", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SugitaKado", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sugita, Kado", + "comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenQiong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shen, Qiong", -"comment": "Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she; Shanghai ban hua xuan ji, Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1963. alternate name: 沈琼", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenQuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shen, Quan", -"comment": "Rawski, Evelyn S. and Jessica Rawson; China: The Three Emperors, 1662-1795, London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2005. ", -"date": "1682-1760", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SugiuraHisui", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sugiura, Hisui", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1876-1965", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenRoujian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shen, Roujian", -"comment": "Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she; Shanghai ban hua xuan ji, Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1963. born in Shao'an, Fujian Province; alternate name: 沈柔坚", -"date": "1919-1998", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SulaymānibnYūnusibnKhaṭṭāb", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sulaymān ibn Yūnus ibn Khaṭṭāb", + "comment": "Petrosyan, Yuri A., Oleg F. Akimushkin, Anas B. Khalidov, and Efim A. Rezvan; Pages of Perfection: Islamic Paintings and Calligraphy from the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Lugano; Milan: ARCH Foundation; Electa, 1995. ", + "date": "active early 17th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenShaomin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shen, Shaomin", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist from Heilongjiang Province; lives and works in Beijing.", -"date": "b. 1956", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuleymanISultan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Suleyman I, Sultan", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Ottoman Alternate names: Suleiman I, the Magnificent", + "date": "1494-1566", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenXiaotong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shen, Xiaotong", -"comment": "China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. Chinese painter; graduated Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts 1989.", -"date": "b. 1968", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SulpiceJ", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sulpice, J.", + "comment": "Choisy, Auguste; L'art de batir chez les Romains, Paris: Decher et cie, 1873. engraver", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenXun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shen, Xun", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese painter, active during the Yuan and Ming dynasties", -"date": "active ca. 1370-1400", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SultanAliQaini", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sultan-Ali Qaini", + "comment": "Clunas, Craig; Empire of Great Brightness: Visual and Material Cultures of Ming China, 1368-1644, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2007. calligrapher ", + "date": "mid-late 15th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenYaoding", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shen, Yaoding", -"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese painter, born in Ningbo in Zhejiang Provine; graduated 1965 from the stage art department of China Central Drama Academy", -"date": "b. 1941", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuminokuraSoan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Suminokura, Soan", + "comment": "Hickman, Money L. et al.; Japan's Golden Age: Momoyama, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenYaoyi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shen, Yaoyi", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Shanghai, member of the Chinese Artists' Association; alternate name: 沈尧伊 ", -"date": "born 1943", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenYuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shen, Yuan", -"comment": "Keswick, Maggie; Chinese Garden: History, Art and Architecture, London: Academy Editions, 1978. Chinese artist of the Qing dynasty", -"date": "active mid 18th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SumitomoCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sumitomo Company", + "comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenZhen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shen, Zhen", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s39z42 Alternate names: Shen Chen, 沈貞 Ming dynasty From Suzhou. Uncle of Shen Zhou. Painted landscapes following Dong Yuan. --Seymour", -"date": "1400 - 1482", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenZhendong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shen, Zhendong", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Shen Chen-tung", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SumiyoshiSchool", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sumiyoshi School", + "comment": "Singer, Robert T. et al.; Edo: Art in Japan 1615-1868, Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1998. Japanese school of painters active in the 17th–19th centuries. It was an offshoot of the Tosa school and both were supreme exponents of the Yamatoe (Japanese) style of painting", + "date": "active 1663-1900", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShenbergLaimon", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shenberg, Laimon", -"comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. ", -"date": "active 1986", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SumiyoshiGukei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sumiyoshi, Gukei", + "comment": "Toda, Teisuke and Toshio Ebine; Suibokuga to Chusei Emaki, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. Painter. He was the eldest son of (1) Sumiyoshi Jokei. In 1674 he became a monk at Myōhōin on Mount Hiei (Kyoto Prefect.) and was granted the name Gukei. In 1675 he produced paintings for the Tōfukumonin Palace in Kyoto. In 1684 he moved from Kyoto to Edo (now Tokyo), and the following year he was appointed official painter (goyō eshi) to the shogunate, superseding the Kanga (Chinese-style) painters of the Kanō school who had previously held the office. This change can be seen as a conscious decision to appoint a representative of a native painting school of the Yamatoe tradition. This followed the earlier appointment of the former head of the Sumiyoshi school, Jokei, and of Tosa Mitsuoki (see Tosa, (3)) to the Edokoro (Office of Painting) of the court (1654). These honours confirmed the leading position of the Sumiyoshi and Tosa schools within the painting establishment of the day (see Japan, §VI, 4(ii)). Like his father, Gukei continued the miniaturist tradition of painting in a small format that had begun with the Tosa school. His representative works include: Hakozaki Hachimangū engi emaki (‘Handscroll of the history of the Hakozaki Hachiman shrine’; 1672); Genzō Daishi engi emaki (‘Handscroll of the life of Saint Genzō’; 1679; Kyoto, Kaneiji); Genji monogatari emaki (‘Handscroll of the Tale of Genji’; priv. col.); Uji shūi monogatari emaki (‘Handscroll of the tales of Uji’; Tokyo, Idemitsu Mus. A.); Tsurezuregusa gajō (‘Picture album of the Tsurezuregusa’; 1678; Tokyo, N. Mus.). His Tohi zukan (‘Town and country handscroll’; Kyoto, Kōfukuji; Tokyo, N. Mus.; Dublin, Chester Beatty Lib.; see fig.) deserves particular attention as a work that adopted this intimate painting form to depict tōsei fūzoku (‘contemporary customs and manners’). Each picture possesses a similar theme: the interweaving of annual celebrations with the changing seasons, and the tranquillity of human activity, depicted in a vivid manner. The combination of a lyrical, intimate style and a light palette illustrates the individualistic world of Gukei, one of Japan’s most accomplished miniaturists. -Grove Art Online", + "date": "1631-1705", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShengHuangYun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sheng, Huang Yun", -"comment": "Clark, William W. and Robert Mark; First Flying Buttresses: A New Reconstruction of the Nave of Notre-Dame de Paris, Art Bulletin, vol. 66, no. 1. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunBeamGallery", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sun Beam Gallery", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Syracuse, NY", + "date": "active mid-late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShengMaoye", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sheng, Maoye", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s42m26y27 Alternate names: Sheng Mao-yeh (Mao-hua), 盛茂燁 Ming dynasty (b Changzhou [modern Suzhou], Jiangsu Province; fl c. 1594–1640). Chinese painter. Little is known about the life of Sheng Maoye: literary sources describe only his painting style, and he provided no personal information in inscriptions on his paintings. There is no record of his having pursued an official career, no family history and no surviving contemporary criticism of his skills. This implies that he did not move in Suzhou literati circles, since painters firmly established in the scholar–amateur élite, such as Dong Qichang, are generally well documented. Indeed, Sheng’s paintings are ‘functional’ rather than in the literati style (see China, §V, 4(ii)); many are large hanging scrolls depicting groups of scholars in nature, intended for hanging in entrance and reception halls, and some are ‘occasional’ paintings commissioned for special events. It seems that Sheng made his living by painting, but to dismiss him as a ‘professional’, implying vacuous imitation and lack of originality, is to undervalue him. Sheng’s dated paintings belong to the period 1594–1640. He was one of the leading Suzhou masters of his day, although his range of subject-matter was narrower than that of such others as Li Shida and the more highly regarded Zhang Hong. The scrolls Scholars Gazing at a Waterfall (1630; Berlin, Mus. Ostasiat. Kst) and Strolling in Spring Mountains (1623; Takatsuki, Sueyoshi Hashimoto priv. col.) exemplify the salient features of Sheng’s large-scale ‘scholar-in-landscape’ themes. In the former, varied angles, tonal depth and texture create contrasts between the three elements of trees, earth masses and figure groups. Pines and cypresses are broadly outlined, densely textured configurations consisting of exposed roots, dark masses of foliage and contorted, spindly branches. Among the leafless projecting branches there are dark accents in short strokes that seem to leap from the silk with a brusqueness similar to that of Sheng’s calligraphy. Earth forms are less jarring but no more stable. Strolling in Spring Mountains represents a similar, though more exaggerated landscape. The figures in Sheng’s landscapes, which seem only vaguely conscious of the precariousness of their environment, are of a certain type: They tend to be of ample proportion and to wear heavy, full garments which increase their rotundity. Their rather portly physiques are further emphasized by the artist’s inclination to ignore the interior folds of garments and instead to concentrate upon defining the overlapping folds of cuffs, collars and hems with wide, wavering lines (DMB). The ‘scholar-in-landscape’ theme was a standard one in the professional repertory and was also used by such amateurs as Wen Zhengming, although generally the figures are smaller and not the focus of the scene. An undated album of eight leaves (see fig.) is among Sheng’s best works. On the basis of style, it appears to have been executed in the 1620s, when Sheng made greater use of atmospheric effects. The landscape, bathed in mist, includes figures boating or fishing, on bridges or banks, rendered with a few descriptive strokes. Houses are likewise reduced to outlines with minimal indications of thatched or gabled roofs. Hills and banks, rather than being constructed from distinct units and repetitive texture strokes (cun), are defined by successive layers of washes and irregular dots: the palest tones were applied first, and the darkest areas occur as blurred patches of foliage or the dry contours of rock faces. Although there are allusions to the past (one leaf recalls illustrations of Su Shi’s poem Chibi fu (‘Ode on the Red Cliff’), and certain simple elements are close to the style of Dai Jin, the album represents Sheng at his most original. Sheng’s frequent use of far-off mist and vapour, into which the elements of the landscape appear to dissolve, may seem to be intended to avoid the requirements of careful composition and to result in shallow poetic effects. The technique has two practical purposes, however: first, in combination with the darker tones of rocks and middle-ground and foreground trees, mist gives a sense of spatial depth; and second, the viewer is prompted to concentrate on areas of greater definition, approximating the optical experience by which focusing on certain areas means the surrounding environment is perceived as blurred or less distinct. --DOA", -"date": "1625-1640", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunGuoqi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sun, Guoqi", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist born in Dalian, Liaoning Province; graduated from the Luxun Academy of Fine Arts, Shenyang; lives and works in Shenyang and North America.", + "date": "b. 1942", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShengMou", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sheng, Mou", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s42m42 Alternate names: Sheng Mou, 盛懋 Yuan dynasty (b Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province; fl 1310–60). Chinese painter. He came from a family of professional painters, studying first with his father, Sheng Hong, an artist who had been active in Lin’an (now Hangzhou), the capital of the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279). He also studied with Chen Lin, himself a student of the influential early Yuan-period (1279–1368) painter Zhao Mengfu. Also active in Jiaxing was the literati painter Wu Zhen, one of the Four Masters of the Yuan period, who may also have had some influence on Sheng’s work. According to records, Sheng was skilful at painting landscapes, figures and bird-and-flower subjects. Most of the 60 or so extant works attributed to Sheng are landscapes, usually featuring figures. Because of the variety of his subject-matter, Sheng Mao is difficult to identify firmly either as a professional artist or as one of the literati. The themes of most of his paintings—famous figures from the past, scholars’ retreats, scholars at leisure playing musical instruments or contemplating streams and mountains, and virtuous fishermen—are common to contemporary literati works and probably reflect the concerns of both the artist and his patrons. However, unlike literati artists of the period, Sheng rarely added poetry to his works. Most of his inscriptions consisted only of his signature, the date and sometimes a title or dedication. Nevertheless, several of his works bear poetic colophons by prominent literati contemporaries, suggesting that Sheng had friends and associates among this group. Recluse Fishing by Autumn Trees (1350; New York, Met.), Waiting for a Ferry on an Autumnal River (1351; Beijing, Pal. Mus.) and Boating on a River in Autumn (1361; ink and colours on paper; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) bear several inscriptions and words of praise by literati painters such as Wei Jiuding and Wang Fu. Sheng Mao’s paintings display complex stylistic influences and betray his professional training. Pleasant Summer in a Mountain Retreat (hanging scroll, ink and colours on silk, 1213×578 mm; Kansas City, MO, Nelson–Atkins Mus. A.) is a landscape rendered in the archaistic blue-and-green style (qinglü), which originated in the Tang period (ad 618–907) and was exemplified in the works of Li Sixun (see Li (1)). This manner was later associated with professional artists, as were the meticulous brushwork and detailed figures, architecture and landscape elements that are characteristic of Sheng’s work. The critic Xia Wenyan, in his Tuhui baojian (‘Precious mirror for examining painting’, preface 1365), praised Sheng’s brushwork for its refinement, but observed that Sheng was ‘often carried away by technical skill’, an allusion to the fact that technical virtuosity was anathema to literati artists, who valued amateur status, spontaneity and personal expression. Other works place Sheng stylistically within the literati lineage of Zhao Mengfu by way of Chen Lin. Sheng’s brushwork in Boating on a River in Autumn has a vitality and spontaneity to rival that of any contemporary literatus. A colophon on this work by Wei Jiuding particularly praises Sheng’s trees for the beauty of their ‘awkwardness’, a much sought-after quality in literati painting. Some of his works depicting scholars as hermits or fishermen, such as Hermit Seated under Autumn Trees (hanging scroll, Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) and Fisherman on a Boat under Trees (album leaf, Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), are comparable to the literati paintings of his own time. Nevertheless, they equally show some influence from the 10th-century masters of landscape, Dong Yuan and Juran, such as the use of ‘unravelled rope’ modelling strokes: following ancient models was another major concern of Yuan-period literati painters. Since most of Sheng Mao’s extant works are of consistently high quality, it is reasonable to suppose that the artist was a major figure among the many accomplished painters active in the Jiangnan, the area south of the River Yangzi, during the last 50 years of the Yuan period. --DOA", -"date": "ca. 1310 - 1360", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunJingbo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sun, Jingbo", + "comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese artist of the Cultural Revolution, born in Mouping, Shandong Province; recognized for his paintings of Yunnan.", + "date": "b. 1945", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShengZhu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sheng, Zhu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s42z47 Alternate names: Sheng Chu, 盛著 Yuan dynasty From Zhejiang province. Nephew of Sheng Man. Painted figures, flowers, birds. --Seymour", -"date": "1368 - 1398", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunJunze", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sun, Junze", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s62j39z27 Alternate names: Sun Chün-tse, 孫君澤 Yuan dynasty From Hangzhou. Landscapes with figures and architectural subjects. Followed Ma Yuan and the Academic tradition. --Seymour Japanese painter Sesshu employed sharp outlines and dark ink washes, techniques generally considered to be derived from the study of later academic artists such as the Yuan-period (1279–1368) painter Sun Junze ( fl early 14th century). --DOA", + "date": "ca. early 14th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShengzongEmperor", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shengzong, Emperor ", -"comment": "Name derived from a website. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunKehong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sun, Kehong", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s62k27h33 Alternate names: Sun K'o-hung, 孫克弘 Ming dynasty From Jiangsu province. Son of Sun Chengen. Landscapes following Ma Yuan and Mi fei. Flowers and birds after Xu Xi and Zhao Chang. Also bamboo, rocks, orchids, Buddhist and Daoist figures. --Seymour", + "date": "1532 - 1611", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShepherdErnestBennettSinclair", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shepherd, Ernest Bennett Sinclair", -"comment": "Worldcat. ", -"date": "active late 19th-early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunLong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sun, Long", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s62l43 Alternate names: Sun Lung, 孫龍 Ming dynasty From Jiangsu province. Plum blossoms in the style of Wang Mian. Fish, birds, insects in boneless style. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. mid 15th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShepherdRichard", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shepherd, Richard", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Derbyshire mason and builder", -"date": "first half 17th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunYuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sun, Yuan", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist from Beijing; graduated 1995 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing; longtime collaboration with fellow artist Peng Yu.", + "date": "b. 1972", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Shepherd+BoydUSA", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shepherd+Boyd USA", -"comment": "Architecture of Philip Johnson, Boston : Bulfinch Press, 2002. ", -"date": "late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunZhi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sun, Zhi", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s62z44 Alternate names: Sun Chih, 孫枝 Ming dynasty From Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Painted landscapes after Wen Zhengming. Also figures and flowers. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 1550 - 1580", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShepleyRutanandCoolidge", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Firm that grew out of H.H. 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Osaka printmaker of actor prints, perhaps a student of Yoshikuni.", -"date": "active 1821-1826", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SwainyGeorge", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Swainy, George", + "comment": "Gleason, David King; Plantation Homes of Louisiana and the Natchez Area, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982. master builder in early 19th century New Orleans vicinity", + "date": "first half 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShibamiyaChozaemon", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shibamiya, Chozaemon", -"comment": "Kobayashi, Tadashi, Johei Sasaki and Naomi Okawa; Taiga to Ōkyo, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SwallowJohn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Swallow, John", + "comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. English potter who worked for Marblehead Pottery", + "date": "1856-1920", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Shibayama", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shibayama", -"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SwanGroup", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Swan Group", + "comment": "McGregor, Suzi Moore and Nora Burba Trulsson; Living Homes: Sustainable Architecture and Design, San Francisco: Chronicle Press, 2008. ", + "date": "active ca. 1995", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Shiels", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shiels", -"comment": "UO AAA Library Architectural Drawing Collection. AAA Architecture student", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SwansonTodd", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Swanson, Todd", + "comment": "McGregor, Suzi Moore and Nora Burba Trulsson; Living Homes: Sustainable Architecture and Design, San Francisco: Chronicle Press, 2008. American builder.", + "date": "active ca. 2000", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShigehiroShugansai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shigehiro, Shugansai", -"comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker", -"date": "active ca. 1835", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SwietenJanvan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Swieten, Jan van", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. NOT ULAN 500016809", + "date": "active late 17th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShigetaHK", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shigeta, H.K.", -"comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. ", -"date": "1887-1963", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SychevaMI", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sycheva, M. I.", + "comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. toy maker", + "date": "1912-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShikibuKichu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shikibu, Kichu", -"comment": "Zaigai Nihon no shihō (Japanese Art: Selections from Western Collections) v.3, Tokyo: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1979. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SykesB", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sykes, B.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Shilu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shilu", -"comment": "Fong, Wen; Between Two Cultures: Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Chinese Paintings From the Robert H. Ellsworth Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; New Haven: Metropolitan Museum of Art; Yale University Press, 2001. ", -"date": "1919-1982", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShimizuIwao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shimizu, Iwao", -"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SymonsCorporation", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Symons Corporation", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShimojimaKaye", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shimojima, Kaye", -"comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. ", -"date": "1920s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShimomuraKiyotoki", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shimomura, Kiyotoki", -"comment": "Tokyo National Museum; 100th Anniversary of the Japan Art Institute: Lineage of Modern Japanese Art, Tokyo: Japan Art Institute, 1998. ", -"date": "early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SzekeresErzsébet", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Szekeres, Erzsébet", + "comment": "Blakesley, Rosalind; Arts and Crafts Movement, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2006. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShindōReimei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shindō, Reimei", -"comment": "Tokyo National Museum; 100th Anniversary of the Japan Art Institute: Lineage of Modern Japanese Art, Tokyo: Japan Art Institute, 1998. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShindoTK", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shindo, T.K.", -"comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. ", -"date": "1890-1974", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TabourinF", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tabourin, F.", + "comment": "Blomme, Yves; L' Architecture gothique en Saintonge et en Aunis, Saintonge, Québec: Editions Bordessoules, 1987. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Shinkai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shinkai", -"comment": "Toda, Teisuke and Ryūsuke Asami; Zenshū jiin to teien : Nanbokuchō, Muromachi no kenchiku chōkoku kōgei, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu. ", -"date": "ca. 12th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShinkaiTaketaro", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shinkai, Taketaro", -"comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", -"date": "1868-1927", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TachibanaMorikuni", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tachibana, Morikuni", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1679-1748", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShinsuiIto", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shinsui, Ito", -"comment": "Asian Art Photographic Distribution; Asian Art in the Denver Art Museum. alternate name: Ito Hajime", -"date": "1898-1972", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TachibanaSeiei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tachibana, Sei'ei", + "comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", + "date": "1848-1864", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiomiSeisei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shiomi Seisei", -"comment": "Singer, Robert T. et al.; Edo: Art in Japan 1615-1868, Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1998. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TachiharaKyosho", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tachihara, Kyosho", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1785-1840", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiomiMasanari", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shiomi, Masanari", -"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. Shiomi Masanari was an early 18th century master lacquerer famous for his ultra-fine togidashi-e technique of lacquering. His lines in his works are superfine and are one of the ways of authenticating a work by him.", -"date": "1647-1722", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TadaHokuu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tada, Hokuu", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1889-1948", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShippeePaul", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shippee, Paul", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaelemansVictor", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Taelemans, Victor", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1864-1920", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiraiUzan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shirai, Uzan", -"comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", -"date": "1864-1928", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TagettoIvano", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tagetto, Ivano", + "comment": "Sollins, Susan and Marybeth Sollins; art:21: art in the twenty-first century, vol. 1, New York: Harry N. Abrams Inc., 2001. Collaborative drawing design for 'Wall Drawing + 913' executed by Sol LeWitt on Ceretto Chapel, Alba, Italy. ", + "date": "born 1965", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShirayamadaniKitaro", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shirayamadani, Kitaro", -"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. Japanese potter and ceramic artist for Rookwood Pottery", -"date": "1865-1948", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TakahashiHenryMoriya", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Takahashi, Henry Moriya", + "comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. Doctor and photographer in early 20th century Bay area.", + "date": "1904-1978", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiraziAdulQasim", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shirazi, Adu'l-Qasim", -"comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. calligrapher Qajar", -"date": "active early 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TakahashiKinkichi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Takahashi, Kinkichi", + "comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShiraziQawamadDin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shirazi, Qawam ad-Din", -"comment": "Archnet; http://archnet.org. Same as ULAN Qaram al-Dīn ibn Zayn al-Dīn Shīrāzī (500063273)? Born in Shiraz, Qavam al-Din became one of the best-known Timurid court architects. His first known work is believed to have been a madrasa and khanqah built in Herat by Sultan Shah Rukh in 1410-11; this monument has not survived to our day. In 1418-1419 (821 A.H.), Qavam al-Din Shirazi completed a Friday Mosque for Gawhar Shad, Shah Rukh's queen, at Mashad and began building her Musalla Complex in Herat in 1417 (820 A.H.). Work on the Musalla was halted in 1425, to divert resources to a shrine commissioned in Gazurgah by Sultan Shah Rukh, dedicated to Khwaja 'Abd Allah Ansari. Gawhar Shad's Musalla Complex was eventually completed in 1437-38 (841 A.H.). Qavam al-Din Shirazi died on February 21, 1438, before finishing his final work, the Ghiyathiyya madrasa at Khargird, which was completed by patron Ghiyath al-Din Shirazi in 1442-3. - Archnet", -"date": "d. 1438", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShireburnRichardSir", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shireburn, Richard, Sir", -"comment": "British Listed Buildings. ", -"date": "active late 16th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TakahashiSadataro", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Takahashi, Sadataro", + "comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShirleyFrederickS", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shirley, Frederick S.", -"comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. ", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShogoBanura", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shogo, Ban'ura", -"comment": "Benton, Charlotte, Tim Benton and Ghislaine Wood; Art Deco 1910-1939, Boston: Bulfinch Press, 2003 (082122834X). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TakamoriAkio", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Takamori, Akio", + "comment": "Vecchio, Mark Del; Postmodern Ceramics, New York: Thames and Hudson, 2001. ", + "date": "born 1950", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShojoShokado", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shojo, Shokado", -"comment": "Asian Art Photographic Distribution; Asian Art in the Denver Art Museum. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TakamuraKango", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Takamura, Kango", + "comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. ", + "date": "b. 1895", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShokeiTenyu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shokei, Tenyu", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "fl. 1440-1460", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Takashige", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Takashige", + "comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", + "date": "19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShopoftheCrafters", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shop of the Crafters", -"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. Cincinnati-based design and furnishing workshop founded by Oscar Onken", -"date": "1904-1920", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TakebeToshitsune", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Takebe, Toshitsune", + "comment": "Meiji kaikaki no nishikie (Meiji Japan through woodblock prints), Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1989. ", + "date": "1860-1909", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShorinoUonari", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shori no Uonari", -"comment": "Mizuno, Keizaburō, Hideo Okada, and Kazuharu Asai; Tōdaiji to Heijōkyō : Nara no kenchiku, chōkoku, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1990 (4061964046). ", -"date": "752", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TakeshibaGenkei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Takeshiba, Genkei", + "comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShortCalandHarriett", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Short, Cal and Harriett", -"comment": "Starner, Carolyn; Emerald Journey: A Walk Through Northwest Gardens, Spokane: Greenstem Press, 2004. Philanthropist couple whose estate formed the nucleus for the Bellevue (Washington) Botanical Garden", -"date": "active 1990s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShoteiGinko", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shotei, Ginko", -"comment": "Meiji kaikaki no nishikie (Meiji Japan through woodblock prints), Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1989. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Takis", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Takis", + "comment": "Name derived from Art on File. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShoteiHokuju", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shotei, Hokuju", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "fl. 1787-1818", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShreveandCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shreve and Company", -"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. Fully mechanized silver manufacturer based in San Francisco", -"date": "1852-present", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TakouchiK", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Takouchi, K.", + "comment": "Larson, George A.; Chicago Architecture and Design, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1993. ", + "date": "late 19th-early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShrimptonLouise", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shrimpton, Louise", -"comment": "Tucker, Kevin; Gustav Stickley and the American Arts & Crafts Movement, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 2010. Textile artist in Stickley's Craftsman Workshops", -"date": "1870-1954", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TakumaEiga", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Takuma, Eiga", + "comment": "Toda, Teisuke and Toshio Ebine; Suibokuga to Chusei Emaki, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. His precise relation to earlier members of the Takuma school is unclear, but he may have come from the lineage of Takuma Ryōga. Eiga worked in a wide variety of styles ranging from minutely rendered and brightly coloured paintings reminiscent of orthodox Heian-period painting to ink monochrome works rendered in vigorous brushstrokes, which paralleled pictures by early Muromachi-period priest–painters of the Zen sect. Eiga’s diversity reflects the transitional nature of his age, when Japanese artists were absorbing Chinese styles developed during the Song and Yuan (1279–1368) periods. Among Eiga’s ‘traditional’ Buddhist paintings in colours are the triptychs of the Immovable One and Attendants (Jap. Fudō myōō ni dōji; Skt Acalanatha; Tokyo, Seikadō Bunko) and of the Historical Buddha and Attendants (Jap. Shaka, Monju and Fugen; Skt Shakyamuni, Manjushri and Samantabhadra; Kyoto, Chōmyōji). His set of Sixteen Arhats (Jap. Jūroku rakan; Osaka, Fujita Mus. A.) represents a synthesis of that style with the ink monochrome sensibility adapted from Chinese painting. His ink monochrome painting of Fugen (Washington, DC, Freer) demonstrates an even greater adaptation of the most up-to-date developments in Buddhist painting. His one extant secular painting is an imaginary portrait of the great Nara-period (ad 710–94) poet Kakinomoto no Hitomaro (Kamakura, Tokiwayama Cult. Mus.). The date of the inscription by the priest Shōkai Reiken, 1395, if interpreted as the year in which the painting was executed, would indicate that Eiga was active in the late 14th century; however, most art historians believe that he lived earlier in the century. -Grove Art Online", + "date": "1312–1316", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShuQun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shu, Qun", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Jilin province, resides in Wuhan, Hubei; studied at Luxun Academy of Fine Arts, Shenyang, 1982.", -"date": "born 1958", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TakumaTono", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Takuma, Tono", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Japanese landscape designer", + "date": "1891-1985", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Shuko", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shuko", -"comment": "Zaigai Nihon no shihō (Japanese Art: Selections from Western Collections) v.3, Tokyo: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1979. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TalbotdeMalahideMiloJohnReginald7thBaron", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Talbot de Malahide, Milo John Reginald, 7th Baron", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1912-1973", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShulginAlexei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shulgin, Alexei", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "born 1963", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TalbotJM", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Talbot, J. M.", + "comment": "Blakesley, Rosalind; Arts and Crafts Movement, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2006. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShulzAdolphRobert", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shulz, Adolph Robert", -"comment": "Perry, Rachel Berenson; T.C. Steele & the Society of Western Artists, 1896-1914, Bloomington; Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2009. studied at the Art Institute of Chicago and the Art Students League in New York and in Europe; founder of the Brown County art colony in Nashville, Indiana; associated with the Society of Western Artists", -"date": "1869-1963", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TamagawaShucho", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tamagawa, Shucho", + "comment": "Smith, Lawrence; Ukiyoe: Images of Unknown Japan, London: British Museum Publications, Ltd., 1988. ", + "date": "fl. ca. 1789-1804", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShumwayWilliam", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shumway, William", -"comment": "Rieman, Timothy D. and Jean M. Burks; Complete Book of Shaker Furniture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , Publishers, 1993. furniture maker", -"date": "active 1867-1875", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TamakiSuekazu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tamaki, Suekazu", + "comment": "Takashina, Shuji, Tetsuro Kagesato and Hideo Tanaka; Yōga to Nihonga, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. Japanese painter", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Shuncho", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shuncho", -"comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker, active in Osaka", -"date": "active ca. 1825", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShunchoGajuken", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shuncho, Gajuken", -"comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Japanese Ukiyo-e artist in Osaka", -"date": "active ca. 1828", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TamamuraHokuto", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tamamura, Hokuto", + "comment": "Takashina, Shuji and Toru Asano; Modanizumu to dentō, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", + "date": "1893-1951", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShunkosaiHokuei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shunkosai, Hokuei", -"comment": "Kobayashi, Tadashi, Taishu Komatsu, and Shugo Asano; Ukiyoe, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Tamechika", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tamechika", + "comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShunkosaiHokushu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shunkosai, Hokushu", -"comment": "Kobayashi, Tadashi, Taishu Komatsu, and Shugo Asano; Ukiyoe, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShunkyokusaiHokumei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shunkyokusai, Hokumei", -"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", -"date": "fl. 1818-1844", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TamikuniKogado", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tamikuni, Kogado", + "comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. 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", -"date": "18th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShurtleffHaroldRobert", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shurtleff, Harold Robert", -"comment": "Morrison, Hugh; Early American Architecture From the First Colonial Settlements to the National Period, New York: Oxford University Press, 1952. ", -"date": "1883-1938", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TanZhirui", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tan, Zhirui", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). t24z44r35 Alternate names: T'an Chih-jui, 壇芝瑞 Yuan dynasty Painted bamboo. --Seymour", + "date": "early 14th century, unrecorded", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Shusei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shusei", -"comment": "Zaigai Nihon no shihō (Japanese Art: Selections from Western Collections) v.3, Tokyo: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1979. 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", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TanakaIK", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tanaka, I.K.", + "comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. ", + "date": "1925-1935", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Shutanshi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shutanshi", -"comment": "Nakano, Masaki; Engie to nisee : Kamakura no kaiga kōgei, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993 (4061964097). ", -"date": "ca. 1227", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TanakaMyles", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tanaka, Myles", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + "date": "active 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Shutoku", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shutoku", -"comment": "Zaigai Nihon no shihō (Japanese Art: Selections from Western Collections) v.3, Tokyo: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1979. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TanakaSeihyo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tanaka, Seihyo", + "comment": "Tokyo National Museum; 100th Anniversary of the Japan Art Institute: Lineage of Modern Japanese Art, Tokyo: Japan Art Institute, 1998. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShyuShyhshiun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Shyu, Shyh-shiun", -"comment": "Shanken, Edward A.; Art and Electronic Media, London; New York: Phaidon Press, 2009. ", -"date": "active early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SichuanFineArtsInstitutesculptorgroup", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sichuan Fine Arts Institute sculptor group", -"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Artists associated with the Sichuan Fine Arts Institute who created collaborative works", -"date": "active ca. 1965", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TananChiden", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tanan, Chiden", + "comment": "Zaigai Nihon no shihō (Japanese Art: Selections from Western Collections) v.3, Tokyo: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1979. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SiebenhunerHans", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Siebenhuner, Hans", -"comment": "Saalman, Howard; Filippo Brunelleschi: The Cupola of Santa Maria del Fiore, London: A. Zwemmer Ltd, 1980. German academic and architectural historian and illustrator", -"date": "active first half 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SietenJanvan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sieten, Jan van", -"comment": "Enge, Torsten Olaf and Carl Friedrich Schröer; Garden Architecture in Europe, 1450-1800, Cologne: Benedikt Taschen, 1900. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TandbergVibeke", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tandberg, Vibeke", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 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", -"date": "1877-1964", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TangDai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tang, Dai", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). t25d23 Alternate names: T'ang Tai, 唐岱 Qing dynasty From Manchuria. Court painted during Qianling period. Pupil of Wang Yuanqi. Painted landscapes. --Seymour", + "date": "1707 - 1750", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SilasSusan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Silas, Susan", -"comment": "Broude, Norma and Mary D. Garrar, eds.; Power of Feminist Art: the American Movement of the 1970s, History and Impact, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TangLuming", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tang, Luming", + "comment": "Brown, Claudia and Ju-hsi Chou; Transcending Turmoil: Painting at the Close of China's Empire, 1796-1911, Phoenix: Phoenix Art Museum, 1992. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SilberMiriam", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Silber, Miriam", -"comment": "Ariza Muñoz, Carmen; Jardines de Madrid: Paseos Arbolados, Plazas y Parques, Madrid: Ayuntamiento de Madrid y Lunwerg Editores, 2001. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SilvisJohnB", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Silvis, John B.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. official photographer of the Union Pacific Railroad", -"date": "active 1830-1900", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TangMuli", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tang, Muli", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). Chinese painter, graduated 1980 from Central Academy of Fine Art in Beijing, studied at the Royal College of Art in London where he received a second masters.", + "date": "b. 1947", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SimekJames", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Simek, James", -"comment": "Doty, Mrs. Duane; Town of Pullman, Illustrated: Its Growth with Brief Accounts of Its Industries, Revised Edition, Pullman, IL: Pullman Civic Organization, 1974. ", -"date": "second half 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TangSong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tang, Song", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Hangzhou, resides in Sydney, educated at the Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou, 1989.", + "date": "born 1962", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SimionMovilăVoivodeofMoldavia", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Simion Movilă, Voivode of Moldavia", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active 1606-1607", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TangXiaohe", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tang, Xiaohe", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "born 1941", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SimmonsArchitects", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Simmons Architects", -"comment": "Architecture of Philip Johnson, Boston : Bulfinch Press, 2002. ", -"date": "late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TangXiaoming", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tang, Xiaoming", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SimmonsAlbert", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Simmons, Albert", -"comment": "Kimball, Fiske; Domestic Architecture of the American Colonies and of the Early Republic, 1927 reprint, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1927. ", -"date": "early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TangYihe", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tang, Yihe", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SimonedaOrsenigo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Simone da Orsenigo", -"comment": "Schutz, Bernard; Great Cathedrals, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2002. ", -"date": "active ca. 1387-1395", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SimpsonEverett", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Simpson, Everett", -"comment": "UO AAA Library Architectural Drawing Collection. AAA Architecture student", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TangYinwei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tang, Yinwei", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SimpsonHughA", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Simpson, Hugh A.", -"comment": "Architects' Emergency Committee; Great Georgian Houses of America, 1970 unabridged republication, New York: Dover Publications, 1970. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SimpsonJohn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Simpson, John", -"comment": "Lee Roth; Restricted to UO community. author", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TangYouchu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tang, Youchu", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Xinxian, Guangdong Province; alternate name: 汤由础", + "date": "1912-1971", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SimpsonLW", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Simpson, L. W.", -"comment": "Tucker, Kevin; Gustav Stickley and the American Arts & Crafts Movement, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 2010. craftsperson in the Gustav Stickley Craftsman Workshop", -"date": "active ca. 1900", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TangYuchu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tang, Yuchu", + "comment": "China Publications Center; Modern Chinese Woodcuts, Beijing: Guozi Shudian, 1965. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SimpsonSuzanne", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Simpson, Suzanne", -"comment": "Doubilet, Susan; 'Traditional Office is Transformed', Progressive Architecture, vol. 66, no. 5. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TangYun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tang, Yun", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. Chinese painter", + "date": "1910-1993 or 1995", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SimpsonThomasWIlliam", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Simpson, Thomas WIlliam", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TanikadoHisaharu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tanikado, Hisaharu", + "comment": "Takashina, Shuji, Tetsuro Kagesato and Hideo Tanaka; Yōga to Nihonga, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. Tanikado Hisaharu studied with the Kyoto artist Kikuchi Keigetsu, who specialized in idealized images of beautiful women. He moved to Tokyo when he was twenty-seven, and for three years he lived among, and painted images of, the prostitutes of the Yoshiwara pleasure district. He used traditional materials and formats, but judiciously infused elements from Western painting including subtle shading to give his figures a greater sense of naturalistic volume. Here he shows two courtesans intently enjoying a game of go during their leisure time. Evening must be approaching, however, as both women have already applied heavy white makeup to their faces, necks, and the backs of their hands. A cloth to protect her hair while applying makeup still sits atop one woman's head. The other woman holds a long, red-lacquered pipe. Both women are shown wearing tie-dyed inner robes that will be covered when they don their more elaborate outer kimonos. -Minneapolis Institute of Arts (http://minneapolis.institute.art.museum/viewer/detail.php?id=99301&v=2&t=1&n=1&keyword=Tanikado%2C%20Hisaharu)", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SimsKarl", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sims, Karl", -"comment": "Shanken, Edward A.; Art and Electronic Media, London; New York: Phaidon Press, 2009. ", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SinghAmar", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Singh, Amar", -"comment": "Crites, Mitchell Shelby and Ameeta Nanji; India Sublime: Princely Palace Hotels of Rajasthan, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 2007. General Amar Singh was the Commander of the Jaipur State Force and the Thakur of Kanota. ", -"date": "died 1942", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TanoulasT", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tanoulas, T.", + "comment": "Acropolis restoration : the CCAM interventions. Edited by Richard Economakis. London : Academy Editions : New York, NY : Distributed to the trade in the USA by St. Martin's Press, 1994.. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SinghUmaid", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Singh, Umaid", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1911-1947", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SiniRaffaele", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sini, Raffaele", -"comment": "Pigeat, Jean-Paul; Gardens of the World: Two Thousand Years of Garden Design, English language edition, Paris: Editions Flammarion, 2003. ", -"date": "active early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Tanyuhogenhitsu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tan'yu hogen hitsu", + "comment": "Murase, Miyeko; Bridge of Dreams: The Mary Griggs Burke Collection of Japanese Art, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SinramMarianne", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sinram, Marianne", -"comment": "Williams, Jane Welch; Bread, Wine and Money: the Windows of the Trades at Chartres Cathedral, Chicago, London: University of Chicago Press, 1993. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SissleNoble", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sissle, Noble", -"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaoTao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tao, Tao", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SistersoftheSocietyofStMargaret", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sisters of the Society of St. Margaret", -"comment": "Meyer, Marilee Boyd; Inspiring Reform: Boston's Arts and Crafts Movement, Wellesley: Davis Museum and Cultural Center, 1997. ", -"date": "1871-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SitricofKells", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sitric of Kells", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Co. Meath, Ireland", -"date": "11th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaoTianyue", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tao, Tianyue", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Changfeng, Anhui Province; member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association, member of Anhui branch of the Chinese Artists' Association; alternate name: 陶天月", + "date": "born 1932", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SivasiNuri", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sivasi, Nuri", -"comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. calligrapher Ottoman", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaoYuanqing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tao, Yuanqing", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SivenKirsti", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Siven, Kirsti", -"comment": "Stang, Alanna and Christopher Hawthorne; Green House: New Directions in Sustainable Architecture, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2005. ", -"date": "1949-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SiyahQalamMuhammad", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Siyah-Qalam, Muhammad", -"comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. (fl late 14th century or 15th). Name associated with a Persian, Turkoman or western Central Asian painter or painters. The full name, which translates as Master Muhammad Black Pen, refers in the narrowest sense to the inscriptions on 65 paintings and drawings, mostly of demons, nomads and workers, in two albums (Istanbul, Topkapı Pal. Lib., H. 2153 and H. 2160). Whether the inscriptions are signatures, attributions to a specific artist or references to a type of painting is debatable; no consensus of opinion has been reached as to when, where and why the works were produced. The two albums contain no introduction, patron’s name or date of compilation. They are known as the Ya‛qub Beg Albums on the basis of the number of calligraphies signed by scribes with the epithet Ya‛qubi, referring to the Aqqoyunlu Turkoman Ya‛qub Beg (reg 1478–90). The latest calligraphy in one album (H. 2160) is dated 1511–12 and the first and last folios are stamped with the seal of the Ottoman sultan Selim I (reg 1512–20), so the album was probably complete by 1512 and had entered Ottoman possession by 1520 (see also Islamic art, §III, 4(v)(f)). The other album (H. 2153) is contemporary, since it also contains the seal of Selim I and several calligraphies produced after the death of Ya‛qub, including one dated 1496. In addition to the Siyah Qalam group, the 546 paintings and drawings in H. 2153 and the 131 in H. 2160 include 14th- and 15th-century works attributed to artists working in Tabriz, Baghdad, Herat and Samarkand, as well as European prints, Chinese paintings and Ottoman paintings, presumably added during the reign of Selim I or later.", -"date": "15th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaohuawuNianhuaWorkshop", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Taohuawu Nianhua Workshop", + "comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SjolanderTure", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sjolander, Ture", -"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TàpiesAntoni", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tàpies, Antoni", + "comment": "Name derived from Art on File. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SKBPrometei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "SKB 'Prometei'", -"comment": "Shanken, Edward A.; Art and Electronic Media, London; New York: Phaidon Press, 2009. Founding members include Bulat M. Galeyev, Rustam F. Sayfullin and Valentin P. Bukatin. Based in Kazan, Russia", -"date": "ca. 1960-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SkiadaresisM", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Skiadaresis, M.", -"comment": "Bakirtzis, Charalambos, Eftychia Kourkoutidou-Nikolaidou and Chrysanthi Mavropoulou-Tsioumi; Mosaics of Thessaloniki, 4th-14th century, Athens: Kapon Editions, 2012. ", -"date": "active early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaplinPerryScorsese", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Taplin-Perry-Scorsese", + "comment": "American century : art & culture. New York : Whitney Museum of American Art in association with W.W. Norton, c1999. vol. 2.. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SkidegateHaidaartists", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Skidegate Haida artists", -"comment": "MacDonald, George F.; Haida Art, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1996. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SkillingsWarrenPorter", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Skillings, Warren Porter", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Seattle-based architect", -"date": "1860-1939", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TassoTorquato", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tasso, Torquato", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Italian poet of the 16th century known best for his poem 'The Liberation of Jerusalem'.", + "date": "1544-1595", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SkinnerEugeneFranklin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Skinner, Eugene Franklin", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Early American settler in the Oregon territory and founder of the city of Eugene.", -"date": "1809-1864", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TatsunoandKasaiArchitectureOffice", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tatsuno and Kasai Architecture Office", + "comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. 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", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TawarayaSoji", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tawaraya, Soji", + "comment": "Meech, Julia and Jane Oliver; Designed for Pleasure: The World of Edo Japan in Prints and Paintings, 1680-1860, New York; Seattle: Asia Society; University of Washington Press, 2008. ", + "date": "late 1790s-late 1810s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SlaterSamuel", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Slater, Samuel", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. immigrant entrepreneur industrialist in 18th century New England", -"date": "late 18th-early 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaylorAlisonElizabeth", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Taylor, Alison Elizabeth", + "comment": "Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation; 2009 Awards in Painting, Sculpture, Printmaking, Photography, Video, and Craft Media, New York: Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation, 2010. ", + "date": "b. 1973", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SlaytonJ", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Slayton, J.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaylorHerbert", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Taylor, Herbert", + "comment": "Meyer, Marilee Boyd; Inspiring Reform: Boston's Arts and Crafts Movement, Wellesley: Davis Museum and Cultural Center, 1997. metalsmith or designer", + "date": "active ca. 1915", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SlaytonMrandMrsGeorgeA", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Slayton, Mr. and Mrs. George A.", -"comment": "Rutz, Miriam Easton; Public Gardens of Michigan, East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2002. ", -"date": "active ca. 1920", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaylorJane", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Taylor, Jane", + "comment": "Rutz, Miriam Easton; Public Gardens of Michigan, East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2002. Garden designer", + "date": "active 1990s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Slee+CoArchitectsLtd", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Slee+Co Architects Ltd", -"comment": "Roth, Manuela; Ecological Living, Kempen: teNeus Verlag, 2009. South African architectural firm", -"date": "active ca. 1990-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaylorJeremy", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Taylor, Jeremy", + "comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. ", + "date": "born 1938", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmetVerhasF", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Smet-Verhas, F.", -"comment": "Loze, Pierre and François Loze; Belgium Art Nouveau: from Victor Horta to Antoine Pompe, Ghent: Eiffel Editions, 1991. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaylorJohnW", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Taylor, John W.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. photographer, worked with Franklin W. Bacon", + "date": "died 1918", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithBrothers", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Smith Brothers", -"comment": "Soros, Susan Weber; Secular Furniture of E. W. Godwin with Catalogue Raisonné, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999. ", -"date": "second half 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaylorL", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Taylor, L.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithAliceRavenelHuger", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Smith, Alice Ravenel Huger", -"comment": "Green, Nancy E. and Jessie Poesch; Arthur Wesley Dow and American Arts and Crafts, New York: American Federation of Arts; Harry N. Abrams, 1999. ", -"date": "1876-1958", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithBenjamin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Smith, Benjamin", -"comment": "Rieman, Timothy D. and Jean M. Burks; Complete Book of Shaker Furniture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , Publishers, 1993. Shaker furniture maker", -"date": "1829-1899", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaylorWilliam", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Taylor, William", + "comment": "UO VRC Mounted Photographs Collection. ", + "date": "active 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithFrankL", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Smith, Frank L.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -"date": "third quarter 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TeaLautrecLitho", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tea Lautrec Litho", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from original printed materials donated by Tom Cherrytree, Eugene, Oregon.. A division of Neal, Stratford & Kerr, Tea Lautrec was founded by owner Levon Mosgofian who worked closely with San Francisco concert promoter Bill Graham and the artists he commissioned for concert posters and postcards", + "date": "active ca. 1965", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithHelen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Smith, Helen", -"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. ", -"date": "ca. 1906", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TecnoUnitedKingdom", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tecno, United Kingdom", + "comment": "Raizman, David S. History of Modern Design. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2004. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithHinchmanandGrylls", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Smith, Hinchman & Grylls", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American architecture and engineering firm, est. 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Shaker furniture maker", -"date": "1806-1888", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TeisaiHokuba", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Teisai, Hokuba", + "comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", + "date": "1771-1844", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithMargeryHoffman", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Smith, Margery Hoffman", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Assistant director to the Federal Art Project in Oregon. She was the interior designer for Timberline Lodge", -"date": "1888-1981", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TeixeiraPedroLudovico", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Teixeira, Pedro Ludovico", + "comment": "Murase, Miyeko, ed.; Turning Point: Oribe and the Arts of Sixteenth-Century Japan, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2003. 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Queen of Pagan, wife of King Uzana", + "date": "active mid 13th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SongDong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Song, Dong", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. b. 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", + "date": "born 1946", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StoneMildaR", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Stone, Milda R.", -"comment": "World of the American Indian, Revised edition, Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 1989. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TranterCarol", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tranter, Carol", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StoneySamuelG", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Stoney, Samuel G.", -"comment": "Morrison, Hugh; Early American Architecture From the First Colonial Settlements to the National Period, New York: Oxford University Press, 1952. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StorrsShubael", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Storrs, Shubael", -"comment": "Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute; Masterpieces of American furniture from the Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, NY: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1999. clockmaker", -"date": "1778-1847", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TraubeAlex", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Traube, Alex", + "comment": "Self as Subject: Visual Diaries by 14 Photographers, Albuquerque: University Art Museum, University of New Mexico, 1983. ", + "date": "born 1946", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StoryandCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Story and Company", -"comment": "Barter, Judith A.; Apostles of Beauty: Arts and Crafts From Britain to Chicago, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. London-based company", -"date": "active ca. 1900", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TrautHenry", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Traut, Henry", + "comment": "Herz, Rudolf and Brigitte Bruns; Hof-Atelier Elvira, 1887-1928: Ästheten, Emanzen, Aristokraten, Munich: Munchner Stadtmuseum, 1985. ", + "date": "active ca. 1910", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StorzS", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Storz, S.", -"comment": "Brandenburg, Hugo; Ancient Churches of Rome From the Fourth to the Seventh Century, English edition, Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2005. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TravertinoRomano", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Travertino Romano", + "comment": "Collins, Michael and Andrea Papadakis; Post-Modern Design, New York: Rizzoli, 1989. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StothartHerbert", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Stothart, Herbert", -"comment": "Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StrachanGroupArchitects", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Strachan Group Architects", -"comment": "Roth, Manuela; Ecological Living, Kempen: teNeus Verlag, 2009. New Zealand architecture firm", -"date": "active 1980-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TrebterKenneth", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Trebter, Kenneth", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StrangeH", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Strange, H.", -"comment": "Hillenbrand, Robert; Islamic Architecture: Form, Function and Meaning, New York: Columbia University Press, 1994. illustrator", -"date": "active 1994", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StredneyDonald", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Stredney, Donald", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TreewomanJudith", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Treewoman, Judith", + "comment": "Broude, Norma and Mary D. Garrar, eds.; Power of Feminist Art: the American Movement of the 1970s, History and Impact, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StrobridgeLithographyCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Strobridge Lithography Company", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. The Strobridge Lithographing Company, especially well-known for its production of circus and theatrical posters from the late 1800s and early 1900s, also produced a variety of printed items including maps, portraits, diplomas, counter displays, and blotters. The firm was established in Cincinnati, but a New York address can also be seen on the backs of some images in this collection.", -"date": "active 1847-1960", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StrockGeorge", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Strock, George", -"comment": "This Fabulous Century: 1940-1950, New York: Time-Life Books, 1969. Life magazine staff photographer known for his iconic World War II images", -"date": "active 1940s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TregubenkoVasiliiPorfirevich", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tregubenko, Vasilii Porfirevich", + "comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. ", + "date": "active 1985", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StryjeńskiKarol", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Stryjeński, Karol", -"comment": "Blakesley, Rosalind; Arts and Crafts Movement, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2006. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TrémorinYves", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Trémorin, Yves", + "comment": "Ewing, William A.; Body: Photographs of the Human Form, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1994. French photographer", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudentsattheUniversityofVirginia", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Students at the University of Virginia", -"comment": "Chueca, Pilar; Sustainable Homes, Barcelona: Links, 2009. Students participating in the Solar Decathlon competition organized by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory", -"date": "ca. 2005", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudentsofHowardUniversity", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Students of Howard University", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Group responsible for designing the Stone Memorial at Mount Vernon", -"date": "early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TrenchJohnTownsend", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Trench, John Townsend", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "active ca. 1867", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudioAlhadeffArchitects", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Studio Alhadeff Architects", -"comment": "Roth, Manuela; Ecological Living, Kempen: teNeus Verlag, 2009. Italian architecture firm founded by Giancarlo Alhadeff.", -"date": "active 1991-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TrenchardJohn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Trenchard, John", + "comment": "Girouard, Mark; Elizabethan Architecture: Its Rise and Fall, 1540-1640, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. ", + "date": "1586-1662", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudioDamilano", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Studio Damilano", -"comment": "Roth, Manuela; Ecological Living, Kempen: teNeus Verlag, 2009. Italian architectural firm", -"date": "active ca. 1990-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TreuG", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Treu, G.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudioEnzodiGrazia", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Studio Enzo di Grazia", -"comment": "Murray, Peter; Renaissance Architecture, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1978. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudioGilArchitects", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Studio Gil Architects", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "2008-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TrippetWesleyH", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Trippet, Wesley H.", + "comment": "The Arts and Crafts Movement in California :Living the Good Life. Edited by Kenneth R. Trapp, with essays by Leslie Greene Bowman. Oakland, Calif. : Oakland Museum,: Abbeville Press, 1993. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudioInklink", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Studio Inklink", -"comment": "http://www.inklink.it. Simone Boni and Alessandro Rabatti, Founders", -"date": "1995-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudioMCMsrlACSys", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Studio M.C.M.srl-ACSys", -"comment": "Haselberger, Lothar, Jon Humphrey and Dean Abernathy; Imaging Ancient Rome: Documentation, Visualization, Imagination: Proceedings of the Third Williams Symposium on Classical Architecture. ", -"date": "ca. 1990-ca. 2010", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TropschRudolf", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tropsch, Rudolf", + "comment": "Der Architekt, vol. 6. ", + "date": "active late 19th century-early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudioOttolenghi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Studio Ottolenghi", -"comment": "Lista, Giovanni; Futurism & Photography, London: Merrell Publishers Limited, 2001. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TrotmanBob", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Trotman, Bob", + "comment": "Herman, Lloyd E.; Art That Works: The Decorative Arts of the Eighties, Crafted in America, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1990. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudioPeiZhu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Studio Pei-Zhu", -"comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Contemporary Chinese architecture firm", -"date": "active 2006-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudioPetrarca", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Studio Petrarca", -"comment": "Stang, Alanna and Christopher Hawthorne; Green House: New Directions in Sustainable Architecture, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2005. architecture firm located in New York", -"date": "active early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TruckenbrodJ", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Truckenbrod, J.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudioBabayeva", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Studio, Babayeva", -"comment": "Bernard, Bruce; Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography, 1840-1940, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudnitskayaAV", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Studnitskaya, A. V.", -"comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. toy maker", -"date": "1936-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TruebAugust", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Trueb, August", + "comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StulovIK", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Stulov, I. K.", -"comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. ", -"date": "1902-1979", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TrunquetRobert", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Trunquet, Robert", + "comment": "Girouard, Mark; Elizabethan Architecture: Its Rise and Fall, 1540-1640, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. joiner, carver, property or pattern maker. Worked extensively for Thomas Cawarden, Master of Revels for Elizabeth I", + "date": "active ca. 1547-1559", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SturgisJohnHubbard", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sturgis, John Hubbard", -"comment": "Kimball, Fiske; Domestic Architecture of the American Colonies and of the Early Republic, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1922. ", -"date": "1834-1888", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TrvalT", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Trval, T.", + "comment": "Name derived from original printed material in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Oregon.. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SturrEdward", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sturr, Edward", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "b. 1937", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StymPopperSylvain", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Stym-Popper, Sylvain", -"comment": "Prin, Maurice; L'Ensemble conventuel des Jacobins de Toulouse, Toulouse: Les Amis des Archives de la Haute-Garonne, 2007. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TsongPu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tsong, Pu", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. b. Shanghai Escuela Superior de Bellas Artes de San Fernando de Madrid", + "date": "b. 1947", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuLiupeng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Su, Liupeng", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s57l42p29 Alternate names: Su Liu-p'eng, 蘇六朋 Qing dynasty From Guangdong province. Painted figures in the Yuan style. Genre and fishing boats. --Seymour", -"date": "ca. 1821 - 1861", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TsuchidaHiromi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tsuchida, Hiromi", + "comment": "Szarkowski, John and Shoji Yamagishi; New Japanese Photography, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1974. ", + "date": "born 1939", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuRenshan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Su, Renshan", -"comment": "Fong, Wen; Between Two Cultures: Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Chinese Paintings From the Robert H. Ellsworth Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; New Haven: Metropolitan Museum of Art; Yale University Press, 2001. ", -"date": "1814-1849", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TsudaKichinosuke", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tsuda, Kichinosuke", + "comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", + "date": "19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuXinping", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Su, Xinping", -"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. Chinese artist, born in Jining, Inner Mongolia, educated Central Academy of Fine Arts, 1989.", -"date": "born 1960", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TsuishuYosei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tsuishu, Yosei", + "comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. The family of Tsuishu became famous for the lacquering technique bearing their name. This technique involved heaped-up red lacquer that is then carved and polished into a design.", + "date": "active 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuZhunliang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Su, Zhunliang", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Su Chun-liang ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TsujiYojiro", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tsuji, Yojiro", + "comment": "Tsuji, Nobuo, Kiyoshi Hirai, and Yoshiaki Yabe; Shiro to chashitsu, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. Nishimura Dōnin (1504–55), another master tea kettle maker employed by Jōō, also cast temple bells and lanterns. His pupil Tsuji Yojirō made kettles for Sen no rikyū, who was Toyotomi Hideyoshi’s tea master. Rikyū had the Kyoto craftsman Tsuji Yojirō ( fl late 16th century) cast a simple but elegantly proportioned iron vessel, such as one named Amidadōgama (‘Amida Hall Kettle’); its upper half was patterned with small bosses. ", + "date": "16th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SUB", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "SUB", -"comment": "Ariza Muñoz, Carmen; Jardines de Madrid: Paseos Arbolados, Plazas y Parques, Madrid: Ayuntamiento de Madrid y Lunwerg Editores, 2001. architecture firm located in Jakarta", -"date": "active ca. 2010", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Tsuneshige", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tsuneshige", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "active ca. 1910", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuchanTom", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Suchan, Tom", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -"date": "active ca. late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TsutsumiTogetsu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tsutsumi, Togetsu", + "comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuchodolskiSiegmundvon", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Suchodolski, Siegmund von", -"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. illustrator", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuffrageAtelier", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Suffrage Atelier", -"comment": "Timmers, Margaret; Power of the Poster, London: V&A Publications, 1998. A society formed in 1909 to encourage artists to forward the Woman's Movement, and particularly the enfranchisement of women, by means of pictorial publications.", -"date": "1909", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TsuyukiIitsuII", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tsuyuki, Iitsu II", + "comment": "Meech, Julia and Jane Oliver; Designed for Pleasure: The World of Edo Japan in Prints and Paintings, 1680-1860, New York; Seattle: Asia Society; University of Washington Press, 2008. ", + "date": "d. 1893", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SugarloafBuildingCompanyInc", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sugarloaf Building Company, Inc.", -"comment": "McGregor, Suzi Moore and Nora Burba Trulsson; Living Homes: Sustainable Architecture and Design, San Francisco: Chronicle Press, 2008. Building company located in Boulder, Colorado", -"date": "active ca. 1995", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TuLuo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tu, Luo", + "comment": "Ruitenbeek, Klaas; Discarding the Brush: Gao Qipei (1660-1734) and the Art of Chinese Finger Painting, Amsterdam; Gent: Rijksmuseum Amsterdam; Snoeck-Ducaju & Zoon, 1992. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SugawaranoMitsushige", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sugawara no Mitsushige", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SugitaKado", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sugita, Kado", -"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TuckerErnestF", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tucker, Ernest F.", + "comment": "http://communities.aia.org/sites/hdoaa/wiki/Wiki%20Pages/ahd1045574.aspx. Oregon", + "date": "active 1936-1961", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SugiuraHisui", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sugiura, Hisui", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1876-1965", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TuckerWE", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tucker, W.E.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SulaymānibnYūnusibnKhaṭṭāb", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sulaymān ibn Yūnus ibn Khaṭṭāb", -"comment": "Petrosyan, Yuri A., Oleg F. Akimushkin, Anas B. Khalidov, and Efim A. Rezvan; Pages of Perfection: Islamic Paintings and Calligraphy from the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Lugano; Milan: ARCH Foundation; Electa, 1995. ", -"date": "active early 17th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuleymanISultan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Suleyman I, Sultan", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Ottoman Alternate names: Suleiman I, the Magnificent", -"date": "1494-1566", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TullWilliam", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tull, William", + "comment": "McGregor, Suzi Moore and Nora Burba Trulsson; Living Homes: Sustainable Architecture and Design, San Francisco: Chronicle Press, 2008. Architectural designer located in Arizona", + "date": "active ca. 1995", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SulpiceJ", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sulpice, J.", -"comment": "Choisy, Auguste; L'art de batir chez les Romains, Paris: Decher et cie, 1873. engraver", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TümänAgha", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tümän Agha", + "comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. wife of Tīmūr", + "date": "active ca. 1370", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SultanAliQaini", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sultan-Ali Qaini", -"comment": "Clunas, Craig; Empire of Great Brightness: Visual and Material Cultures of Ming China, 1368-1644, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2007. calligrapher ", -"date": "mid-late 15th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TupperEarl", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tupper, Earl", + "comment": "Name derived from a website. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuminokuraSoan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Suminokura, Soan", -"comment": "Hickman, Money L. et al.; Japan's Golden Age: Momoyama, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SumitomoCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sumitomo Company", -"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TurnbullandAsser", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Turnbull & Asser", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. British clothiers: shirt maker and tailors", + "date": "established 1885", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SumiyoshiSchool", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sumiyoshi School", -"comment": "Singer, Robert T. et al.; Edo: Art in Japan 1615-1868, Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1998. Japanese school of painters active in the 17th–19th centuries. It was an offshoot of the Tosa school and both were supreme exponents of the Yamatoe (Japanese) style of painting", -"date": "active 1663-1900", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Turner", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Turner", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. American artist in the 19th century Pacific Northwest", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SumiyoshiGukei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sumiyoshi, Gukei", -"comment": "Toda, Teisuke and Toshio Ebine; Suibokuga to Chusei Emaki, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. Painter. He was the eldest son of (1) Sumiyoshi Jokei. In 1674 he became a monk at Myōhōin on Mount Hiei (Kyoto Prefect.) and was granted the name Gukei. In 1675 he produced paintings for the Tōfukumonin Palace in Kyoto. In 1684 he moved from Kyoto to Edo (now Tokyo), and the following year he was appointed official painter (goyō eshi) to the shogunate, superseding the Kanga (Chinese-style) painters of the Kanō school who had previously held the office. This change can be seen as a conscious decision to appoint a representative of a native painting school of the Yamatoe tradition. This followed the earlier appointment of the former head of the Sumiyoshi school, Jokei, and of Tosa Mitsuoki (see Tosa, (3)) to the Edokoro (Office of Painting) of the court (1654). These honours confirmed the leading position of the Sumiyoshi and Tosa schools within the painting establishment of the day (see Japan, §VI, 4(ii)). Like his father, Gukei continued the miniaturist tradition of painting in a small format that had begun with the Tosa school. His representative works include: Hakozaki Hachimangū engi emaki (‘Handscroll of the history of the Hakozaki Hachiman shrine’; 1672); Genzō Daishi engi emaki (‘Handscroll of the life of Saint Genzō’; 1679; Kyoto, Kaneiji); Genji monogatari emaki (‘Handscroll of the Tale of Genji’; priv. col.); Uji shūi monogatari emaki (‘Handscroll of the tales of Uji’; Tokyo, Idemitsu Mus. A.); Tsurezuregusa gajō (‘Picture album of the Tsurezuregusa’; 1678; Tokyo, N. Mus.). His Tohi zukan (‘Town and country handscroll’; Kyoto, Kōfukuji; Tokyo, N. Mus.; Dublin, Chester Beatty Lib.; see fig.) deserves particular attention as a work that adopted this intimate painting form to depict tōsei fūzoku (‘contemporary customs and manners’). Each picture possesses a similar theme: the interweaving of annual celebrations with the changing seasons, and the tranquillity of human activity, depicted in a vivid manner. The combination of a lyrical, intimate style and a light palette illustrates the individualistic world of Gukei, one of Japan’s most accomplished miniaturists. -Grove Art Online", -"date": "1631-1705", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TurnerPaul", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Turner, Paul", + "comment": "Seidel, Linda; Romanesque Sculpture from the Cathedral of Saint-Etienne, Toulouse, New York; London: Garland Publishing, 1977. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunBeamGallery", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sun Beam Gallery", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Syracuse, NY", -"date": "active mid-late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TurnerRobert", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Turner, Robert", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American ceramic artist", + "date": "1913-2005", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunGuoqi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sun, Guoqi", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist born in Dalian, Liaoning Province; graduated from the Luxun Academy of Fine Arts, Shenyang; lives and works in Shenyang and North America.", -"date": "b. 1942", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TurnerSamuelHumphrey", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Turner, Samuel Humphrey", + "comment": "Sprigg, June; Shaker Design, New York, London: Whitney Museum of American Art, W.W. Norton & Company, 1986. Shaker furniture maker", + "date": "1775-1842", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunJingbo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sun, Jingbo", -"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese artist of the Cultural Revolution, born in Mouping, Shandong Province; recognized for his paintings of Yunnan.", -"date": "b. 1945", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TurnerTim", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Turner, Tim", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. One of the contributing Forest Service architects for Timberline Lodge, Mount Hood", + "date": "active 1930s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunJunze", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sun, Junze", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s62j39z27 Alternate names: Sun Chün-tse, 孫君澤 Yuan dynasty From Hangzhou. Landscapes with figures and architectural subjects. Followed Ma Yuan and the Academic tradition. --Seymour Japanese painter Sesshu employed sharp outlines and dark ink washes, techniques generally considered to be derived from the study of later academic artists such as the Yuan-period (1279–1368) painter Sun Junze ( fl early 14th century). --DOA", -"date": "ca. early 14th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TusquetsDiazyAsociados", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tusquets Diaz y Asociados", + "comment": "Bohigas, Oriol, Peter Buchanan and Vittorio Magnago Lampugnani; Barcelona: City and Architecture, 1980-1992, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1991. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunKehong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sun, Kehong", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s62k27h33 Alternate names: Sun K'o-hung, 孫克弘 Ming dynasty From Jiangsu province. Son of Sun Chengen. Landscapes following Ma Yuan and Mi fei. Flowers and birds after Xu Xi and Zhao Chang. Also bamboo, rocks, orchids, Buddhist and Daoist figures. --Seymour", -"date": "1532 - 1611", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunLong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sun, Long", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s62l43 Alternate names: Sun Lung, 孫龍 Ming dynasty From Jiangsu province. Plum blossoms in the style of Wang Mian. Fish, birds, insects in boneless style. --Seymour", -"date": "ca. mid 15th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TuttHannah", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tutt, Hannah", + "comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. Chief ceramics decorator at Marblehead Pottery", + "date": "1860-1952", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunYuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sun, Yuan", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist from Beijing; graduated 1995 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing; longtime collaboration with fellow artist Peng Yu.", -"date": "b. 1972", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TuttSarah", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tutt, Sarah", + "comment": "Barter, Judith A.; Apostles of Beauty: Arts and Crafts From Britain to Chicago, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. American ceramic decorator, worked for Marblehead pottery 1908-1936.", + "date": "1859-1947", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunZhi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sun, Zhi", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). s62z44 Alternate names: Sun Chih, 孫枝 Ming dynasty From Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Painted landscapes after Wen Zhengming. Also figures and flowers. --Seymour", -"date": "ca. 1550 - 1580", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TuttiCoseyFanni", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tutti, Cosey Fanni", + "comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", + "date": "born 1951", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunZixi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sun, Zixi", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TuxedoHousesInc", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tuxedo Houses, Inc.", + "comment": "Sonne, Christian R. and Chiu yin Hempel; Tuxedo Park: the Historic Houses, Tuxedo (NY): Tuxedo Park Historical Society, 2007. real estate development and property management firm", + "date": "early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunayamaGōsei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sunayama, Gōsei", -"comment": "Mirviss, Joan B,; Jewels of Ukiyo-e, Orientations, vol. 20, no. 2. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TuxedoParkAssociation", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tuxedo Park Association", + "comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Sunbiosis", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sunbiosis", -"comment": "Trulove, James Grayson; New Sustainable Homes, New York: Collins Design, 2006. American architecture firm based in Charlottesville, VA", -"date": "active ca. 1995-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SundanceErik", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sundance, Erik", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TYINtegnestue", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "TYIN tegnestue", + "comment": "Uffelen, Chris van; Low Price Houses, Salenstein: Braun, 2011. Contemporary architectural firm located in Norway", + "date": "active 2008-2108", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunderlandElizabethRead", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sunderland, Elizabeth Read", -"comment": "Stoddard, Whitney S.; Art and Architecture in Medieval France/ Icon Edition, New York: Harper & Row, 1972. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TylerDaniel", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tyler, Daniel", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + "date": "second half 18th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SundtRichardAlfred", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sundt, Richard Alfred", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Professor of Architectural History in the Department of Art History, University of Oregon ", -"date": "active 1980-2012", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UbelmannYves", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ubelmann, Yves", + "comment": "Aillagon, Jean-Jacques; Rome and the Barbarians: The Birth of a New World, Milan: Skira editore, 2008. ", + "date": "active early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuperInsulatedHomesInc", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Super Insulated Homes, Inc.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Michigan", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UchidaKuichi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Uchida, Kuichi", + "comment": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchida_Kuichi. photographer", + "date": "1844-1875", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuperSetSoftware", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "SuperSet Software", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UCLACulturalVRLab", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "UCLA Cultural VR Lab", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. The UCLA Cultural VR Lab was founded in 1997 by Prof. Bernard Frischer in collaboration with Prof. Diane Favro of the UCLA Department of Architecture.", + "date": "founded 1997", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuryavarmanIIKingoftheKhmerEmpire", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Suryavarman II, King of the Khmer Empire", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. posthumous name: Paramavishnuloka ruled from 1113-ca. 1145-1150 CE; builder of Angkor Wat", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UemotoShuzo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Uemoto, Shuzo", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SusemihlJohanConrad", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Susemihl, Johan Conrad", -"comment": "Snodin, Michael; Karl Friedrich Schinkel: A Universal Man, New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 1991. ", -"date": "ca. 1767-after 1847", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Sussman", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sussman", -"comment": "Heartney, Eleanor; Art & Today, New York: Phaidon Press, Inc., 2008. photographer (no additional information)", -"date": "active ca.1920", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UgaldeIgnacio", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ugalde, Ignacio", + "comment": "Ariza Muñoz, Carmen; Jardines de Madrid: Paseos Arbolados, Plazas y Parques, Madrid: Ayuntamiento de Madrid y Lunwerg Editores, 2001. 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A.) represents a synthesis of that style with the ink monochrome sensibility adapted from Chinese painting. His ink monochrome painting of Fugen (Washington, DC, Freer) demonstrates an even greater adaptation of the most up-to-date developments in Buddhist painting. His one extant secular painting is an imaginary portrait of the great Nara-period (ad 710–94) poet Kakinomoto no Hitomaro (Kamakura, Tokiwayama Cult. Mus.). 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Japanese painter", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TamamuraHokuto", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tamamura, Hokuto", -"comment": "Takashina, Shuji and Toru Asano; Modanizumu to dentō, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", -"date": "1893-1951", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/unknownbuilder", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "unknown (builder)", + "comment": ". 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", -"date": "1925-1935", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/unknownchoreographer", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "unknown (choreographer)", + "comment": ". ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TanakaMyles", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tanaka, Myles", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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Painted landscapes. --Seymour", -"date": "1707 - 1750", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TangLuming", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tang, Luming", -"comment": "Brown, Claudia and Ju-hsi Chou; Transcending Turmoil: Painting at the Close of China's Empire, 1796-1911, Phoenix: Phoenix Art Museum, 1992. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/unknowncollector", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "unknown (collector)", + "comment": ". 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Chinese painter, graduated 1980 from Central Academy of Fine Art in Beijing, studied at the Royal College of Art in London where he received a second masters.", -"date": "b. 1947", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TangSong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tang, Song", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Hangzhou, resides in Sydney, educated at the Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou, 1989.", -"date": "born 1962", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/unknowncomposer", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "unknown (composer)", + "comment": ". ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TangXiaohe", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tang, Xiaohe", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "born 1941", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TangXiaoming", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tang, Xiaoming", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/unknowncomputerprogrammer", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "unknown (computer programmer)", + "comment": ". ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TangYihe", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tang, Yihe", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TangYinwei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tang, Yinwei", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/unknowncopyist", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "unknown (copyist)", + "comment": ". ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TangYouchu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tang, Youchu", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Xinxian, Guangdong Province; alternate name: 汤由础", -"date": "1912-1971", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TangYuchu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tang, Yuchu", -"comment": "China Publications Center; Modern Chinese Woodcuts, Beijing: Guozi Shudian, 1965. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/unknowncostumedesigner", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "unknown (costume designer)", + "comment": ". ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TangYun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tang, Yun", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. Chinese painter", -"date": "1910-1993 or 1995", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TanikadoHisaharu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tanikado, Hisaharu", -"comment": "Takashina, Shuji, Tetsuro Kagesato and Hideo Tanaka; Yōga to Nihonga, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. Tanikado Hisaharu studied with the Kyoto artist Kikuchi Keigetsu, who specialized in idealized images of beautiful women. He moved to Tokyo when he was twenty-seven, and for three years he lived among, and painted images of, the prostitutes of the Yoshiwara pleasure district. 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London : Academy Editions : New York, NY : Distributed to the trade in the USA by St. Martin's Press, 1994.. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Tanyuhogenhitsu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tan'yu hogen hitsu", -"comment": "Murase, Miyeko; Bridge of Dreams: The Mary Griggs Burke Collection of Japanese Art, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/unknowndancer", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "unknown (dancer)", + "comment": ". ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaoTao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tao, Tao", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaoTianyue", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tao, Tianyue", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Changfeng, Anhui Province; member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association, member of Anhui branch of the Chinese Artists' Association; alternate name: 陶天月", -"date": "born 1932", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/unknowndesignfirm", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "unknown (design firm)", + "comment": ". 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", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaohuawuNianhuaWorkshop", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Taohuawu Nianhua Workshop", -"comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/unknowndesigner", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "unknown (designer)", + "comment": ". 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Italian poet of the 16th century known best for his poem 'The Liberation of Jerusalem'.", -"date": "1544-1595", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TatsunoandKasaiArchitectureOffice", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tatsuno and Kasai Architecture Office", -"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. Established by Tatsuno Kingo and Manji Kasai.", -"date": "1903-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/unknowndirector", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "unknown (director)", + "comment": ". ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TatsunoandKataokaArchitectureOffice", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tatsuno and Kataoka Architecture Office", -"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. 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Chinese architecture firm founded by Liu Xiaodu, Meng Yan, and Wang Hui with two offices in Shenzhen and Beijing.", + "date": "active 1999-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TomsonTommy", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tomson, Tommy", -"comment": "'Public Patronizes Portland, Oregon' Architectural Exhibition, Architect and Engineer, vol. 106, no. 1. landscape architect", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UrsusBishopofRavenna", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ursus, Bishop of Ravenna", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "ca. 399-ca. 426 CE", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UstadAhmadnajjar", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ustad Ahmad najjar", + "comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. ", + "date": "1473", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TonettiJoe", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tonetti,Joe", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UstadMuhammadRizabinHusein", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ustad Muhammad Riza bin Husein", + "comment": "Archnet; http://archnet.org. ", + "date": "1603-1619", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TongDanian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tong, Danian", -"comment": "Yang Xiaoneng; Tracing the Past, Drawing the Future: Master Ink Painters in Twentieth-Century China, Milan: Continents Editions, 2010. Chinese calligrapher and seal carver,native of Chongming, Shanghai Shi and founding member of the Xiling Seal Engravers Society.", -"date": "1874-1954", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaChikashigeIII", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Utagawa, Chikashige III", + "comment": "Meiji kaikaki no nishikie (Meiji Japan through woodblock prints), Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1989. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ToothakerVictor", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Toothaker, Victor", -"comment": "Tucker, Kevin; Gustav Stickley and the American Arts & Crafts Movement, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 2010. Designer with Gustav Stickley's Craftsman Workshop and head of the metal shop from 1907-1911.", -"date": "active ca. 1907-1911", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TopValueTelevisionTVTV", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Top Value Television (TVTV)", -"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaHirosada", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Utagawa, Hirosada", + "comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker, pupil of Utagawa Kunimasu, worked in Osaka. Alt. name: Gosotei. Possibly the same artist as Utagawa Sadahiro?", + "date": "active 1819-1865", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ToriiKiyohiro", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Torii, Kiyohiro", -"comment": "Hiller, J.; Japanese Colour Prints, Third Edition, Second Impression, London: Phaidon Press Ltd., 1993 (0714827215). ", -"date": "1737-1768", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaKuniaki", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Utagawa, Kuniaki", + "comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. Family name Hirazawa; father was a minor samurai in the fourteenth division of castle guards. Kuniaki was a pupil of Kunisada, producing actor and genre prints and paintings of beauties during the late Edo.", + "date": "1844-1868", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ToriiKiyomasuII", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Torii, Kiyomasu II", -"comment": "Zaigai Nihon no shihō (Japanese Art: Selections from Western Collections, v.7), Tokyo: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1980. ", -"date": "1706-1763", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaKunihiro", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Utagawa, Kunihiro", + "comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker; worked in Edo and Osaka; pupil of Toyokuni II; specialized in actor prints. Alt. names: Ganjosai, Konantei, Sanshotei.", + "date": "active ca. 1815-1843", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ToriiKiyomine", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Torii, Kiyomine", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1787-1868", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaKunihisa", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Utagawa, Kunihisa", + "comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. A senior pupil of Toyokuni I who may have been a woman artist, according to one account, though this may refer to Kunihisa's daughter.", + "date": "1801-1818", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ToriiKiyonobuII", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Torii, Kiyonobu II", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1706-1763", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaKunimaru", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Utagawa, Kunimaru", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Also signed prints with the name Bunji", + "date": "1793-1829", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ToriiKiyoshige", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Torii, Kiyoshige", -"comment": "Hiller, J.; Japanese Colour Prints, Third Edition, Second Impression, London: Phaidon Press Ltd., 1993 (0714827215). ", -"date": "ca. 1728-1760", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaKunimasaV", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Utagawa, Kunimasa V", + "comment": "Meech-Pekarik, Julia; World of the Meiji Print: Impressions of a New Civilization, New York; Tokyo: Weatherhill, 1986. ", + "date": "unknown", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ToriiKiyotada", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Torii, Kiyotada", -"comment": "Smith, Lawrence; Ukiyoe: Images of Unknown Japan, London: British Museum Publications, Ltd., 1988. ", -"date": "fl. ca. 1720-1750", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaKuninaga", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Utagawa, Kuninaga", + "comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. student of Toyokuni I", + "date": "1806-1827", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ToriiKiyotomo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Torii, Kiyotomo", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "ca. 1720-ca. 1740", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaKunisadaII", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Utagawa, Kunisada II", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1823-1880", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TornaquinciTornabuonifamily", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tornaquinci (Tornabuoni family)", -"comment": "Cadogan, Jean K.; Domenico Ghirlandaio: Artist and Artisan, New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 2000 (0300087209). Historical term for the extended family of Giovanni Tornabuoni", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaKunitora", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Utagawa, Kunitora", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Pupil of Toyokuni; is said to have worked under his teacher's name. His work was scanty. Somewhat influenced by Hokusai and Shunshosai Hokuju, his prints also show signs of Western influence in pronounced contrasts in light. Some works reminiscent of artists of the preceeding generation. ", + "date": "ca. 1804 - ca. 1850", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TorregianiAlfonso", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Torregiani, Alfonso", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaSadahiro", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Utagawa, Sadahiro", + "comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker, studied under Kunisada, worked in Edo and Osaka. Changed his name many times, may be the same person as Utagawa Hirosada. Alternate names: Gochotei, Gokitei, Gorakutei, Gosotei, Kogado.", + "date": "active 1825-1875", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TortelloBenvenuto", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tortello, Benvenuto", -"comment": "George, Michael and Consuelo M. Correcher; Gardens of Spain, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1993. architect", -"date": "active 16th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaSadakage", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Utagawa, Sadakage", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "fl. 1818-1844", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TortilJeanPierre", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tortil, Jean Pierre", -"comment": "Roth, Manuela; Ecological Living, Kempen: teNeus Verlag, 2009. Interior Designer", -"date": "active ca. 1990-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaSadamasu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Utagawa, Sadamasu", + "comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker; student of Kunisada; minor Osaka actor print designer. Alt. name: Gochotei", + "date": "active ca. 1830-1844", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ToshikuniJuyodo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Toshikuni, Juyodo", -"comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker", -"date": "active ca. 1828", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaSadatora", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Utagawa, Sadatora", + "comment": "Dorrington-Ward, Carol; Fans from the East, New York: Debrett's Peerage Limited, 1978. ", + "date": "active mid 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TowneIthiel", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Towne, Ithiel", -"comment": "Kelly, J. Frederick; Early Connecticut Meetinghouses: Being an Account of the Church Edifices Built Before 1830 Based Chiefly Upon Town and Parish Records, vol.2, New York: Columbia University Press, 1948. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaToyokuni", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Utagawa, Toyokuni", + "comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TownsendEdwardLoveden", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Townsend, Edward Loveden", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active late 18th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TōyamaRyūunsai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tōyama, Ryūunsai", -"comment": "Keyes, Roger; Art of Surimono: Privately Published Japanese Woodblock Prints and Books in the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin, vol.2, London: Philip Wilson for Sotheby Publications, 1985. A follower of Kiyonaga and Utamaro. ", -"date": "active 1780s-90s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaToyokuniII", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Utagawa, Toyokuni II", + "comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. Japanese Ukiyo-e painter, illustrator, worked in Edo. he was the pupil, son-in-law and adopted son of Toyokuni I. Alternate names: Toyoshige, Genzo, Gosotei (Kosetei), Gosotei Toyokuni, Ichibetsusai, Ichieisai, Ichiryusai, Kunishige, Toyokuni.", + "date": "1777-1835", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Toyokuni", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Toyokuni", -"comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Kyoto artist who adopted the name of Toyokuni from the famous Edo printmaker", -"date": "active ca. 1815", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaToyonaga", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Utagawa, Toyonaga", + "comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", + "date": "first half 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Toyomasa", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Toyomasa", -"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", -"date": "19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaToyonobu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Utagawa, Toyonobu", + "comment": "Pins, Jacob; Japanese Pillar Print: Hashira-e, London: Robert G. Sawers Publishing, 1982. Ukiyo-e printmaker. Some scholars feel that this is merely an early name for Utagawa Toyoharu; others regard him as identical with Ishikawa Toyonobu; still others think he was a pupil of Ishikawa Toyonobu. It is probable that he was a fellow-artist--and possibly and brother--of Toyoharu. Prints with this signature very rare: only six or so have survived.", + "date": "fl. 1770-1780", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TraczTimothy", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tracz, Timothy", -"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. ", -"date": "born 1946", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaYoshiku", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Utagawa, Yoshiku", + "comment": "Kanada, Margaret Miller; Color Woodblock Printmaking: The Traditional Method of Ukiyo-e, Fourth Printing, Tokyo: Shufunotomo Co., Ltd., 1989 (4079753160). ", + "date": "1833-1904", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TranterCarol", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tranter, Carol", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaYoshitaki", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Utagawa, Yoshitaki", + "comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker, worked in Edo and Osaka. Pupil of Yoshiume, member of the Kamigata-e school, leading designer of actor prints in Osaka between 1860 and 1880. Alt. names: Tsunejiro, Handenshakyo, Hogyoku, Ichiyosai, Ichiyotei, Ittensai, Jueido, Noriya, Satonoya, Yosui.", + "date": "1841-1899", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TraubeAlex", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Traube, Alex", -"comment": "Self as Subject: Visual Diaries by 14 Photographers, Albuquerque: University Art Museum, University of New Mexico, 1983. ", -"date": "born 1946", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaYoshitomi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Utagawa, Yoshitomi", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "active 1850-1870", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TrautHenry", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Traut, Henry", -"comment": "Herz, Rudolf and Brigitte Bruns; Hof-Atelier Elvira, 1887-1928: Ästheten, Emanzen, Aristokraten, Munich: Munchner Stadtmuseum, 1985. ", -"date": "active ca. 1910", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaYoshiume", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Utagawa, Yoshiume", + "comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. Family name Nakajima; na Tōsuske; gō Ichiōsai, Yabairō. Native of Osaka, pupil of Kuniyoshi.", + "date": "1819-1879", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TravertinoRomano", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Travertino Romano", -"comment": "Collins, Michael and Andrea Papadakis; Post-Modern Design, New York: Rizzoli, 1989. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UthcoTR", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Uthco, T.R.", + "comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", + "date": "1970", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TrebterKenneth", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Trebter, Kenneth", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UthmānbinMuhammadalMansur", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "ʻUthmān bin Muhammad al-Mansur", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Hafsid ruler of al-Qayrawān (Kairouan)", + "date": "r. 1435-1488", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TreewomanJudith", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Treewoman, Judith", -"comment": "Broude, Norma and Mary D. Garrar, eds.; Power of Feminist Art: the American Movement of the 1970s, History and Impact, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UyedaShigemi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Uyeda, Shigemi", + "comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. ", + "date": "d. 1979", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TregubenkoVasiliiPorfirevich", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tregubenko, Vasilii Porfirevich", -"comment": "Sovetskiĭ zrelishchnyĭ plakat : teatr,t'sirk, balet, kino, 1917-1987, Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1990. ", -"date": "active 1985", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UzanaKingofPagan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Uzana, King of Pagan", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Also known as Sithu III, Nadaungmya and Zeya Theinkha; reigned as King of the Pagan dynasty from 1251-1256; he was the power behind the throne during his father Kyaswa's reign; was killed during an elephant hunt.", + "date": "1213-1256", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TrémorinYves", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Trémorin, Yves", -"comment": "Ewing, William A.; Body: Photographs of the Human Form, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1994. French photographer", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Vacherot", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Vacherot", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TrenchJohnTownsend", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Trench, John Townsend", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active ca. 1867", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TrenchardJohn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Trenchard, John", -"comment": "Girouard, Mark; Elizabethan Architecture: Its Rise and Fall, 1540-1640, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. ", -"date": "1586-1662", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VáclavCaithaml", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Václav Caithaml", + "comment": "Rak, Jiri, Radim Vondracek and Clauda Terenzi; Biedermeier: Art and Culture in Central Europe, 1815-1848, Milan, New York: Skira Editore, Rizzoli International, 2001. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TreuG", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Treu, G.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TrippetWesleyH", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Trippet, Wesley H.", -"comment": "The Arts and Crafts Movement in California :Living the Good Life. Edited by Kenneth R. Trapp, with essays by Leslie Greene Bowman. Oakland, Calif. : Oakland Museum,: Abbeville Press, 1993. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ValabregaVittorio", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Valabrega, Vittorio", + "comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. ", + "date": "1861-1952", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TropschRudolf", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tropsch, Rudolf", -"comment": "Der Architekt, vol. 6. ", -"date": "active late 19th century-early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ValderPeter", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Valder, Peter", + "comment": "Valder, Peter; Gardens in China, Portland, Oregon: Timber Press, 2002. Australian photographer, landscape scholar and botanist", + "date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TrotmanBob", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Trotman, Bob", -"comment": "Herman, Lloyd E.; Art That Works: The Decorative Arts of the Eighties, Crafted in America, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1990. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ValePress", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Vale Press", + "comment": "Darracott, Joseph; World of Charles Ricketts, New York, Toronto: Methuen, Inc, 1980. ", + "date": "1889-1903", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TruckenbrodJ", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Truckenbrod, J.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ValentienAlbertRobert", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Valentien, Albert Robert", + "comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TruebAugust", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Trueb, August", -"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TrunquetRobert", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Trunquet, Robert", -"comment": "Girouard, Mark; Elizabethan Architecture: Its Rise and Fall, 1540-1640, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. joiner, carver, property or pattern maker. Worked extensively for Thomas Cawarden, Master of Revels for Elizabeth I", -"date": "active ca. 1547-1559", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ValéryStudio", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Valéry Studio", + "comment": "Colin, Paul, Henry Louis Gates and Karen C.C. Dalton; Josephine Baker and la Revue nègre, New York: H.N. Abrams, Inc., 1998. French photographic studio", + "date": "active ca. 1925", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TrvalT", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Trval, T.", -"comment": "Name derived from original printed material in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Oregon.. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ValiguraMichelle", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Valigura, Michelle", + "comment": "Gastman, Roger, Zio Fulcher and Jamie Rivadeneira; Hello Kitty, Hello Art!, New York: Abrams, 2012. Active 1998- present", + "date": "Late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TsongPu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tsong, Pu", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. b. Shanghai Escuela Superior de Bellas Artes de San Fernando de Madrid", -"date": "b. 1947", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VanBrigglePottery", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Van Briggle Pottery", + "comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. founded in Colorado Springs by Artus Van Briggle, one of Rookwood's most talented decorators; work characterized by art nouveau forms and mat glazes. 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", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TsuyukiIitsuII", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tsuyuki, Iitsu II", -"comment": "Meech, Julia and Jane Oliver; Designed for Pleasure: The World of Edo Japan in Prints and Paintings, 1680-1860, New York; Seattle: Asia Society; University of Washington Press, 2008. ", -"date": "d. 1893", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VandenAcker", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Van den Acker", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 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Oregon", -"date": "active 1936-1961", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VandenThurm", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Van den Thurm", + "comment": "Rennert, Jack; Posters of the Belle Epoque: the Wine Spectator Collection, New York: Wine Spectator Press, 1990. ", + "date": "early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TuckerWE", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tucker, W.E.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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", -"date": "1764-1853", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangChen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Chen", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25c38 Alternate names: Wang Ch'en, 王宸 Qing dynasty From Jiangsu province. Great-grandson of Wang Yuanqi. Painted landscapes in teh style of Yuan masters. Also lohan and tigers. --Seymour", + "date": "1720 - 1797", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Urbanus", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Urbanus", -"comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Chinese architecture firm founded by Liu Xiaodu, Meng Yan, and Wang Hui with two offices in Shenzhen and Beijing.", -"date": "active 1999-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangCongxing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Congxing", + "comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revolution to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UrsusBishopofRavenna", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ursus, Bishop of Ravenna", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "ca. 399-ca. 426 CE", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangDengyue", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Dengyue", + "comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Chinese contemporary architect", + "date": "active ca. 1995-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UstadAhmadnajjar", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ustad Ahmad najjar", -"comment": "Lentz, Thomas W. and Glenn D. Lowrey; Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. ", -"date": "1473", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangDu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Du", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Wuhan, Hubei Province; graduated 1985 from the Academy of Fine Arts, Guangzhou; has lived and worked in Paris since 1990.", + "date": "b. 1956", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UstadMuhammadRizabinHusein", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ustad Muhammad Riza bin Husein", -"comment": "Archnet; http://archnet.org. ", -"date": "1603-1619", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangFu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Fu", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25f32 Alternate names: Wang Fu, 王紱 Ming dynasty (b Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 1362; d Beijing, 1416). Chinese painter, calligrapher and poet. Following early promise as a painter and poet, Wang Fu passed the provincial examinations—the second stage in the civil service examination ladder—to receive his juren degree in 1376. He went to Nanjing soon after to take up a government post, but in 1380 was banished to the northern frontier, near Datong, Shanxi Province, as the result of alleged political activity against the Ming (1368–1644) government. For the next 20 years Wang served as a frontier guard, after which he returned to the south to paint and write. From 1403 to 1412 he worked as a calligrapher in the imperial palace at Nanjing, and in 1414 he went to Beijing to join the Central Draughting Office; he died there two years later. Accounts of Wang’s character and artistic skill have the ring of conventional formulae. It is said that he painted infrequently, while travelling and often when drunk. In spite of his reputation for eccentricity, his extant works reveal a diligent hand and serious application to his art. In his Butianji (1574/R Shanghai, 1910) Wen Zhengming wrote: The quality of his painting is above [mere] competence; the critics say that the artisan’s [technique] and the scholar’s spirit are both provided by his works. His personal quality was superior, and he was not used by his art. He would not give away even his small works to anyone whom he did not consider to be the right kind of man. Wang Fu is best known for his landscapes and bamboo, both typical subjects of literati painters (see China, §V, 3(iv)(a) and (vi)(a)). In painting bamboo, Wang followed the style of Wu zhen, one of the Four Great Masters of the Yuan period (1279–1368). Wan zhu qiu shen (‘Ten thousand bamboos in late autumn’; long handscroll, 1410; Washington, DC, Freer) is one of his best works. The plants are arranged along the length of the handscroll in a free and natural manner, thick stalks running the full height of the scroll, dark leaves clustered in a rhythmic series, sometimes at the base, sometimes at the uppermost edge. Wang Fu’s landscapes were frequently painted either to commemorate a particular event or to repay the generosity of a host. One such example, River Landscape in the Manner of Ni Zan (1401; priv. col., see Cahill, pl. 22), was a parting present for Wu Shunmin, a friend with whom Wang had stayed. They had not met for ten years, and Wang composed a poem for the work to ‘express the emotions of parting’. Ni zan’s spare, dry style is ideal for the sense of nostalgia and impending loneliness or distance one would expect on such an occasion, as well as being a tribute to his friend’s sensitivity and taste. Thatched Pavilion in Mist-filled Trees (see fig.) uses a more elaborate version of the Ni Zan style, although the composition—thatched pavilion beside tall trees in the foreground, an expanse of water and a distant range of mountains—is reduced to its essential elements, painted with an even greater economy than Ni Zan’s own work. In this example, a scholar sits in the pavilion beneath three deciduous trees that have already lost leaves. The influence of Huang gongwang is evident in the stringlike cun (‘texture strokes’) applied to the mountains in the background. The style and technique of the painting recall the masters of the Yuan period (1279–1368) and convey a sense of solitude. It is a brilliant variation on a theme, at once finely rendered and deeply moving. In his imitations of Yuan painters Wang Fu exemplifies the institutionalization of imitation, which was to become characteristic of literati painters of the Ming period. --DOA", + "date": "1362 - 1416", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaChikashigeIII", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Utagawa, Chikashige III", -"comment": "Meiji kaikaki no nishikie (Meiji Japan through woodblock prints), Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1989. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangFulai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Fulai", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Wag Fu-lai", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaHirosada", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Utagawa, Hirosada", -"comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker, pupil of Utagawa Kunimasu, worked in Osaka. Alt. name: Gosotei. Possibly the same artist as Utagawa Sadahiro?", -"date": "active 1819-1865", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangGai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Gai", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25g23 Alternate names: Wang Kai, 王概 Qing dynasty From Zhejiang province. Lived in Nanjing. Young brother of Wang Shi. Landscapes, imitated Gong Xian. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 1680 - 1700", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaKuniaki", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Utagawa, Kuniaki", -"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. Family name Hirazawa; father was a minor samurai in the fourteenth division of castle guards. Kuniaki was a pupil of Kunisada, producing actor and genre prints and paintings of beauties during the late Edo.", -"date": "1844-1868", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangGeyi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Geyi", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaKunihiro", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Utagawa, Kunihiro", -"comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker; worked in Edo and Osaka; pupil of Toyokuni II; specialized in actor prints. Alt. names: Ganjosai, Konantei, Sanshotei.", -"date": "active ca. 1815-1843", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaKunihisa", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Utagawa, Kunihisa", -"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. A senior pupil of Toyokuni I who may have been a woman artist, according to one account, though this may refer to Kunihisa's daughter.", -"date": "1801-1818", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangGongxin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Gongxin", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Beijing, resides Beijing and New York; studied at Beijing Normal College, 1982.", + "date": "born 1960", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaKunimaru", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Utagawa, Kunimaru", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Also signed prints with the name Bunji", -"date": "1793-1829", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangGuangyi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Guangyi", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Harbin, Heilongjiang province; studied Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou, 1984.", + "date": "b. 1956", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaKunimasaV", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Utagawa, Kunimasa V", -"comment": "Meech-Pekarik, Julia; World of the Meiji Print: Impressions of a New Civilization, New York; Tokyo: Weatherhill, 1986. ", -"date": "unknown", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangGuanqing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Guanqing", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. alternate name: 汪观清", + "date": "born 1931", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaKuninaga", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Utagawa, Kuninaga", -"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. student of Toyokuni I", -"date": "1806-1827", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangGuxiang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Guxiang", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25g35x25 Alternate names: Wang Ku-hsiang, 王穀祥 Ming dynasty From Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Painted flowers and birds. Inscriptions. --Seymour", + "date": "1501 - 1568", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaKunisadaII", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Utagawa, Kunisada II", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1823-1880", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangHai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Hai", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese painter, graduated 1982 from the Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts; moved to Hong Kong in 1988", + "date": "b. 1955", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaKunitora", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Utagawa, Kunitora", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Pupil of Toyokuni; is said to have worked under his teacher's name. His work was scanty. Somewhat influenced by Hokusai and Shunshosai Hokuju, his prints also show signs of Western influence in pronounced contrasts in light. Some works reminiscent of artists of the preceeding generation. ", -"date": "ca. 1804 - ca. 1850", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangHuaiqing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Huaiqing", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese painter and printmaker, attended the Central Academy of Fine Arts; sent to labor camp in the Cultural Revolution; member of the progressive painting society known later as the Contemporaries, formally established in 1979", + "date": "b. 1944", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaSadahiro", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Utagawa, Sadahiro", -"comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker, studied under Kunisada, worked in Edo and Osaka. Changed his name many times, may be the same person as Utagawa Hirosada. Alternate names: Gochotei, Gokitei, Gorakutei, Gosotei, Kogado.", -"date": "active 1825-1875", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangHuanqing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Huanqing", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter, one of founders of an artist group called the Rice and Sheep Painting Society (Miyang huahui) in resistance to traditional literati culture. They called for a return to primitive and folk art traditions while searching for the root of the "wild freedom" (yexing de ziyou) of humankind. ", + "date": "b. 1958", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaSadakage", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Utagawa, Sadakage", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "fl. 1818-1844", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangHuaxiang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Huaxiang", + "comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Daijiagou, Guizhou province", + "date": "born 1962", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaSadamasu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Utagawa, Sadamasu", -"comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker; student of Kunisada; minor Osaka actor print designer. Alt. name: Gochotei", -"date": "active ca. 1830-1844", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangHuiII", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Hui (II)", + "comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese artist, born Liaoning Province, graduated 1968 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, often collaborated artistically with Liu Chunhua.", + "date": "b. 1943", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaSadatora", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Utagawa, Sadatora", -"comment": "Dorrington-Ward, Carol; Fans from the East, New York: Debrett's Peerage Limited, 1978. ", -"date": "active mid 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangHuiII", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Hui (I)", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25h42 Alternate names: Wang Hui, 王翬 Qing dynasty (b Changshu County, Jiangsu Province, 1632; d Changshu County, 1717). Chinese painter. He was one of the group of painters of the early Qing period (1644–1911) known as the Four Wangs; the others were Wang Shimin, Wang Jian and Wang Yuanqi (see also Orthodox school). Wang Hui came from a family of painters, and his own career began in 1651, when he was discovered by Wang Jian and became the pupil of the latter and of Wang Shimin. Wang jian and Wang Shimin (see Wang (ii), (1)) taught landscape painting according to the methods advocated by Dong qichang, who in his theory of a Southern school had attempted to reconstruct the whole history of literati painting. Dong emphasized Yuan-period (1279–1368) recluse painters such as Wu Zhen and Huang Gongwang, who brought landscape painting to a pre-eminent position among the subjects preferred by the literati. Through nature, as experienced by the landscape artist, ideas on the workings of the universe were expressed, in a manner, moreover, that distinctively revealed the character of the individual (see fig.). Under the guidance of Wang Shimin and Wang Jian, Wang Hui sought to paint works that were ‘transformations’ of classical styles. However, whereas his masters had principally followed the brush style of the great late-Yuan masters Huang gongwang and Wang meng, Wang Hui developed his own transformations of the styles of virtually all the principal Song (960–1279) and Yuan masters. His creation of a ‘Grand Synthesis’ (da cheng) of Song and Yuan landscape styles was made possible by his study of the many ancient masterpieces in Wang Shimin’s personal collection and his creation of a particular brush idiom for each style. Wang Shimin himself had reproduced a number of such paintings from his own collection, on a reduced scale, in the albums Xiaozhong xianda (‘The great revealed through the small’; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus., and Shanghai Mus.), and Wang Jian imitated him. In such works, repetition of strokes not only reproduces the appearance of the older style, whether in ink monochrome or colour, on paper or silk, but also reveals the forces immanent in the landscape, which previously were hidden and grasped only through an indefinable sense of ‘life-motion’. The meaning of such concepts as ‘dragon-veins’ (longmo) is conveyed with startling clarity by these repeated brushstrokes. Certain elements in paintings are repeated, including particular kinds of trees, rocks or other natural or manmade elements of landscape. Appropriate patterns of texture strokes (cun) were used to distinguish one style from another. A single artist such as Wang Hui would display a variety of Song and Yuan landscape styles within the compass of a series of ten or twelve album leaves, contained within an accordion mounting (see Album, §1), and usually concluding with a winter scene. Generally, the stylistic origin of each leaf or scene is briefly indicated in the artist’s inscription; such albums must have served a useful purpose as a succinct overview of the history of Chinese painting. For some of these album series, Wang Hui cooperated with his exact contemporary Yun shouping, creating a brilliant alternation of landscape and floral subjects, as in the album Flowers and Landscapes (1672; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). Wang Hui worked for almost 30 years under the direction of the two elder Wangs, reaching his prime during the 1670s and 1680s. Paintings such as the handscroll Taihang shanse (‘Colours of Mt Taihang’; 1669; Princeton U., NJ, A. Mus.), with a title added by Wang Shimin, typify his achievement. He was so successful in following the classic landscape styles that some of his works were passed off as original Song or Yuan paintings; his Travellers (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), for example, was long attributed to Fan Kuan. The critical apparatus of connoisseurship originated only with the theories of Dong Qichang, and thus Wang Hui’s paintings, in which concepts such as ‘dragon-veins’ and ‘breath-force’ were made visible, corresponded point for point with contemporary understanding of ancient paintings. The deaths of Wang Jian (1677), Wang Shimin (1680) and Yun Shouping (1690) must have deprived Wang Hui of his accustomed encouragement and example. Resident in Beijing, he continued to paint prolifically for the court, but in a manner less varied than that of his earlier works. His paintings from this period reflect a preference for a manner derived from the Yuan master Wang Meng, although some titles, such as Landscape after Yan Wengui and Juran (long handscroll, 1713; Princeton U., NJ, A. Mus.), acknowledge a debt to earlier painters. Under the Kangxi emperor (reg 1662–1722) Wang Hui directed the team that created the great series of outsize handscroll paintings, the Nanxun tu (‘Paintings of southern progress’; Beijing, Hist. Mus. and New York, Met.), recording imperial tours of inspection in the south, for which his long experience of organizing complex compositions with myriad details must have stood him in good stead. However, it is impossible to identify Wang’s individual contribution to such collaborative works. --DOA", + "date": "1632 - 1717", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaToyokuni", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Utagawa, Toyokuni", -"comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangJian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Jian", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25j26 Alternate names: Wang Chien, 王鑑 Qing dynasty b Taicang, Jiangsu Province, 1598; d 1677). Chinese painter. He was one of the group of painters of the early Qing period (1644–91) known as the Four Wangs; the others were Wang Shimin, Wang Hui and Wang Yuanqi. The Four Wangs are credited with establishing the principles of the Orthodox school as inspired by Dong Qichang. Wang Shimin was Wang Jian’s friend and, being six years senior, his mentor. Both artists came from prominent families in Taicang but were unrelated. Wang Jian was the great-grandson of the famous collector Wang Shizhen and inherited his collection of paintings. Owing to his distinguished ancestry, under the Chongzhen emperor (reg 1628–44), Wang Jian was appointed to the government post of Prefect of Lianzhou in Guangdong Province, from which his hao, ‘Lianzhou’, derives. He served only briefly, however, and lived the rest of his life in retirement. Wang Jian’s writings, largely in the form of inscriptions on paintings by his colleagues and protégés, such as Wang Hui, are frequently concerned with Dong Qichang’s theory of the Southern school, asserting the legitimacy of the Orthodox lineage and castigating contemporaries for their decadent artistic practices. The most serious charge levelled at ‘degenerate’ painters, by both Wang Jian and Wang Shimin, is that they failed to follow the old masters who form the basis for Southern school theory, particularly the Four Masters of the Yuan (1279–1368), Huang Gongwang, Wu Zhen, Ni Zan and Wang Meng. Not surprisingly, landscape albums in the styles of the old masters comprise a large part of Wang Jian’s output. At his most impressive, in his early and middle periods, he was capable of a higher level of technical skill and a greater textural richness than Wang Shimin (see Wang (ii), (1)), but in his late period he resorted to a similar formulaic monotony. Wang Jian was one of the most ‘painterly’ of the early Qing masters, combining a restrained use of colour with sensitive brushwork to create landscape scenes that go beyond simple imitation of his chosen models. Wang Jian’s earliest surviving works date to the late 1640s; thereafter, he was prolific. The ten-leaf Album of Landscapes in Old Styles (1648; Berkeley, U. CA, A. Mus.) exemplifies his originality in reworking established motifs. The first leaf is inscribed ‘in the manner of Huichong’ in reference to the 11th-century monk–painter and in composition is typical of the Northern Song (960–1127) painter Zhao Lingrang; by the later part of the Ming (1368–1644) and early Qing, the styles of these two painters had been conflated. The leaf features the standard thatched hut and mist-enshrouded willows, but Wang introduces a human touch by depicting a departing guest looking back as an expression of affection for his host. Although Wang Jian’s painting became increasingly repetitive in his later period, his eye for colour and the delicacy of his brushwork remained apparent in his most engaging work. In album leaves in the style of Zhao Mengfu (see Zhao, (1)), he reproduces Zhao’s use of yellow–orange and warm green, a variant of the warm–cool or Gold-and-green ( jinbi) idiom that in the Yuan period became popular with Southern school painters, and combines it with touches of blue and red on the foreground trees and bushes. A similar colour scheme appears in White Clouds on the Xiao and Xiang Rivers, after Zhao Mengfu (1668; see fig.). This is an outstanding example of Wang’s many hanging-scroll landscapes in canonical styles, all with essentially the same composition: a river flanked by tall hills, a recession into the middle distance at one side, trees and houses, and a steep ridge rising to a central mountain. Wang notes that he once saw a Zhao Mengfu painting with the same title that ‘followed completely’ the style of Dong Yuan, this representing another step in the perpetuation of the Orthodox lineage. The power of Wang’s work relies as much on the muscular interaction of land masses as it does on the felicity and elegance of particular brushstrokes, that is on the general conception of forms, as well as their execution. The representation of the hillside in the central portion, with its serpentine ridges and compartmentalized, jutting bluff, has only enough in common with the natural world to allow recognition. In keeping with the Orthodox method, the composition is determined not by fidelity to the scenery of a specific locale but by a system of aesthetic formal rules governing placement and balance of landscape elements. In essays on the painting of landscape by Dong Qichang, Zhao Zuo, Wang Yuanqi and others are allusions to the Chinese metaphysical concepts of geomancy ( fengshui: ‘wind and water’). A mountain, for example, is seen as a ‘dragon in motion’, with matter-energy (qi) coursing through it. Such ideas aid an appreciation of Wang Jian’s dynamic middle-ground masses, their definition and activation of ‘habitable’ space, and his contrast of a still imposing peak in the distance with the nearer shore. --DOA", + "date": "1598 - 1677", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaToyokuniII", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Utagawa, Toyokuni II", -"comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. Japanese Ukiyo-e painter, illustrator, worked in Edo. he was the pupil, son-in-law and adopted son of Toyokuni I. Alternate names: Toyoshige, Genzo, Gosotei (Kosetei), Gosotei Toyokuni, Ichibetsusai, Ichieisai, Ichiryusai, Kunishige, Toyokuni.", -"date": "1777-1835", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangJianwei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Jianwei", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Suining, Sichuan Province; graduated 1988 from the Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou.; lives and works in Beijing.", + "date": "b. 1958", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaToyonaga", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Utagawa, Toyonaga", -"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", -"date": "first half 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangJianzhang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Jianzhang", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25j26z36 Alternate names: Wang Chien-chang, 王健章 Ming dynasty Landscapes in the style of Dong Yuan. Buddhist figures after Li Gonglin. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 1625 - 1650", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaToyonobu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Utagawa, Toyonobu", -"comment": "Pins, Jacob; Japanese Pillar Print: Hashira-e, London: Robert G. Sawers Publishing, 1982. Ukiyo-e printmaker. Some scholars feel that this is merely an early name for Utagawa Toyoharu; others regard him as identical with Ishikawa Toyonobu; still others think he was a pupil of Ishikawa Toyonobu. It is probable that he was a fellow-artist--and possibly and brother--of Toyoharu. Prints with this signature very rare: only six or so have survived.", -"date": "fl. 1770-1780", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangJin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Jin", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. b. Shanxi province, PRC Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou, 1987", + "date": "b. 1962", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaYoshiku", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Utagawa, Yoshiku", -"comment": "Kanada, Margaret Miller; Color Woodblock Printmaking: The Traditional Method of Ukiyo-e, Fourth Printing, Tokyo: Shufunotomo Co., Ltd., 1989 (4079753160). ", -"date": "1833-1904", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangJiping", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Jiping", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaYoshitaki", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Utagawa, Yoshitaki", -"comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker, worked in Edo and Osaka. Pupil of Yoshiume, member of the Kamigata-e school, leading designer of actor prints in Osaka between 1860 and 1880. Alt. names: Tsunejiro, Handenshakyo, Hogyoku, Ichiyosai, Ichiyotei, Ittensai, Jueido, Noriya, Satonoya, Yosui.", -"date": "1841-1899", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangJue", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Jue", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaYoshitomi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Utagawa, Yoshitomi", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active 1850-1870", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangJunJieh", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Jun-Jieh", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Taipei, resides in Berlin and Taipei; educated at Chinese Culture University, Taipei, 1989, and Hochschule der Kunste, Berlin, 1996.", + "date": "born 1963", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtagawaYoshiume", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Utagawa, Yoshiume", -"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. Family name Nakajima; na Tōsuske; gō Ichiōsai, Yabairō. Native of Osaka, pupil of Kuniyoshi.", -"date": "1819-1879", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangJuzheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Juzheng", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. alternate spelling: Wang Chu-Cheng", + "date": "mid 11th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UthcoTR", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Uthco, T.R.", -"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", -"date": "1970", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangKe", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Ke", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UthmānbinMuhammadalMansur", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "ʻUthmān bin Muhammad al-Mansur", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Hafsid ruler of al-Qayrawān (Kairouan)", -"date": "r. 1435-1488", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangKeping", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Keping", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Born in Beijing, PRC; participant in the 1979 unathorized exhibition of the 'Stars' movement outside the National Museum of Fine Arts in Beijing, also the second Stars exhibition in 1980; later settled in France.", + "date": "b. 1949", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UyedaShigemi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Uyeda, Shigemi", -"comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. ", -"date": "d. 1979", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangKun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Kun", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UzanaKingofPagan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Uzana, King of Pagan", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Also known as Sithu III, Nadaungmya and Zeya Theinkha; reigned as King of the Pagan dynasty from 1251-1256; he was the power behind the throne during his father Kyaswa's reign; was killed during an elephant hunt.", -"date": "1213-1256", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Vacherot", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Vacherot", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangLiuqiu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Liuqiu", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. alternate name: 王流秋", + "date": "born 1919", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ValabregaVittorio", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Valabrega, Vittorio", -"comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. ", -"date": "1861-1952", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangLiyong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Liyong", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25l32y33 Alternate names: Wang Li-yung, 王利用 Song dynasty From Shaanxi province. Calligraphy. Painted landscapes and figures. --Seymour", + "date": "first half 12th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ValderPeter", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Valder, Peter", -"comment": "Valder, Peter; Gardens in China, Portland, Oregon: Timber Press, 2002. Australian photographer, landscape scholar and botanist", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangLizhi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Lizhi", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ValePress", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Vale Press", -"comment": "Darracott, Joseph; World of Charles Ricketts, New York, Toronto: Methuen, Inc, 1980. ", -"date": "1889-1903", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangLu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Lu", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25l328 Alternate names: Wang Lu, 王履 Ming dynasty", + "date": "1332 - after 1383", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ValentienAlbertRobert", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Valentien, Albert Robert", -"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangMai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Mai", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Yichun, Heilongjiang Province; lives and works in Beijing.", + "date": "b. 1972", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ValéryStudio", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Valéry Studio", -"comment": "Colin, Paul, Henry Louis Gates and Karen C.C. Dalton; Josephine Baker and la Revue nègre, New York: H.N. Abrams, Inc., 1998. French photographic studio", -"date": "active ca. 1925", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangMeng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Meng", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25m29 Alternate names: Wang Meng, 王蒙 Yuan dynasty (b Wuxing, Zhejiang Province, c. 1308; d 1385). Chinese landscape painter, poet and scholar–official. He is traditionally ranked as one of the Four Masters of the Yuan, with Huang gongwang, Ni zan and Wu zhen. He was the leading figure in the development of a type of landscape that blended monumental, powerful visual presence with complex, ambiguous structures evocative of mental states and personal situations. Later generations of artists painted landscapes in imitation of Wang Meng, creating an image of his style that at times has obscured his own achievement and identity. Wang Meng was born into an eminent family of scholars, artists and officials. His father, Wang Guoqi (1284–c. 1366), was a poet, calligrapher and connoisseur; his maternal uncle was the painter–official Zhao Yong, and his maternal grandfather was Zhao Mengfu, the leading painter and calligrapher of the early part of the Yuan period (1279–1368). Little is known of Wang Meng’s early life except that he had a talent in poetry. Family connections were probably crucial in his securing an introduction into cultured circles. Wang moved to Mt Huanghe near Hangzhou, from which derives his literary name, Huanghe Shanqiao (‘Fuel gatherer of Mt Huanghe’), and embarked on a career as a painter, perhaps in the early 1340s, although no genuine works survive from this period. He also travelled widely in nearby areas of south-eastern China, including Suzhou and Wuxi (Jiangsu Province) and Songjiang (in modern Shanghai Municipality), visiting famous sites, attending literary gatherings and becoming acquainted with the leading writers and painters of the day. Wang Meng’s Secluded Dwellings in Summer Mountains (1354; hanging scroll, ink on silk; Washington, DC, Freer; see fig. 1) is representative of his early style. Features suggesting the influence of Zhao Mengfu (see Zhao, (1)) include the schematic river landscape composition, simplified figural and architectural details and the systematic use of ‘hemp-fibre strokes’ ( pima cun) for texturing rocks and mountains, a technique associated with the 10th-century painters Dong yuan and Juran. The centralized, frontal composition and rich, multi-layered spatial complexity are Wang Meng’s own innovations. Fisherman–recluse at Huaqi (vertical scroll, ink and light colours on paper; Taipei N. Pal. Mus.), probably of later date, is similar in style. Both works are preoccupied with the theme of reclusion and withdrawal, echoed in the stylistic retreat to a manner already centuries old. Wang Meng’s own attitude to political engagement is difficult to ascertain. There is evidence that he was a provincial prosecutor (liwen) in the late Yuan period; he may have had the post as early as the 1340s, serving the Mongol rulers as did many of his maternal relatives. His withdrawal to Mt Huanghe perhaps marked a severance of that service and a response to the stirrings of military uprisings that began to affect south-eastern China at that time. Wang Meng painted his most historically important and powerful works in the 1360s, a decade of social and political upheaval in south-east China, during which Mongol authority was displaced. He was often in Suzhou at this period—he participated in a literary gathering there in 1365, with Ni Zan, Gao Qi (1336–74), Yao Guangxiao (1335–1418), Zhang Yu (1333–85) and others—and perhaps, like many cultural figures, served in the rebel administration of Zhang Shicheng (1321–67) based in the city. Issues of loyalty and affiliation, and of involvement versus withdrawal, were particularly pressing in such an environment. Though Wang’s paintings of the 1360s have no overt political content, the political situation constitutes a subtext to his increasingly powerful pictorial representation of themes of reclusion. His landscapes of the mid-1360s share an exploitation of tonal contrast for dramatic effect. In reflection of 10th- and 11th-century landscape styles, especially that of Guo Xi, they have powerful, monumental mountainscape compositions and are preoccupied with the cycle of the seasons. At a time characterized by an intellectual, almost diagrammatic reworking of the past, Wang’s paintings derive their individualism from the investing of monumental themes with personal expression. Wang’s Spring Plowing at the Mouth of the Valley (vertical scroll, ink on paper; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) probably dates to the early 1360s. There is a crowding of forms (to become more pronounced in later works), a soft chiaroscuro and use of the Dong Yuan–Juran ‘hemp-fibre’ idiom. The ostensibly bucolic theme is tempered by hints of structural ambiguities and the somewhat disquieting constriction of pathways through the landscape. These aspects are developed in Lofty Recluses in Summer Mountains (1365, vertical scroll; ink and colours on silk; Beijing, Pal. Mus.), in which the breadth of the scene, the complexity of subsidiary forms and pathways, an almost total closure of the background and a dark tonal range create an effect verging on the oppressive, at odds with the theme of quiet summer seclusion. Ge Hong Moving his Residence probably dates to the same period. It is notable for its explicit narrative theme, that of the 4th-century ad scholar–official Ge Hong late in life, after giving up government service, wandering with his family in search of alchemical knowledge, appropriate to the sense of uprootedness felt at the end of the Yuan. There is a contrast with the images of quiet domesticity of Wang’s early landscapes. In this painting the cottages nestled in a distant valley are cut off by seemingly impassable terrain, composed largely of angular and deeply undercut blocky forms unusual for the period. Wang’s most powerfully complex image of the natural world is his Dwelling in Reclusion in the Qingbian Mountains (see fig. 2), which reflects on many of his earlier concerns: family relationships, social and political upheaval, pictorial sources of the past and eremitic withdrawal. It depicts a site near Wang’s home town of Wuxing that had been a family retreat as far back as the time of Zhao Mengfu, and it was probably done for a contemporary relative who was forced to flee from a retreat in the mountains in the military campaigns of mid-1366. The image of a shattered family refuge is portrayed in a mixed style, drawing on both the 10th-century southern style of Juran and the 11th-century northern style of Guo xi. Deliberate ambiguities of space, light and structure emphasize the idea of landscape as personal expression. A Refined Gathering among Forests and Streams (1367; vertical scroll; untraced) portrays, in a more unified style, an idyllic retreat set before a restrained, monumental landscape. The scene is limited to a few elements—stately pines, regularly shaped central cliffs—given impact by a consummate control of ink tone. In Reading in Spring Mountains (vertical scroll, ink on paper; Shanghai Mus.) a group of similar tall pines and central cliffs is enlivened by the leaning of the trees. After Zhu Yuanzhang founded the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) and became the Hongwu emperor (reg 1368–98), Wang Meng served briefly as sub-prefect magistrate in Taian, Shandong Province. Literary records note that at this period he executed a painting of Mt Tai in collaboration with the artist Chen Ruyan. Wang seems to have moved to the capital, Nanjing, c. 1371, where his activities were focused for the rest of his life. His association with Buddhist monks in Nanjing is recorded, but no reliable dated works from the period survive. However, a cluster of stylistically related works are distinguishable from his better documented early- and middle-period works: Forest Chamber Grotto at Juqu (vertical scroll, ink and colours on paper; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), Su’an Retreat (vertical scroll, ink and colours on paper; New York, C. C. Wang priv. col.), Buddhist Temple at Mt Taibo (handscroll, ink and colours on paper; Shenyang, Liaoning Prov. Mus.) and others. Characterized by a loosening of brushwork and pictorial structure consistent with works of later age, they share a rich texturing of forms with dynamic curling strokes and dots, a liberal use of colour and compositions crowded with relatively small-scale forms. Many depict studios, retreats or temples, often with Buddhist or Daoist associations. They lack the seasonal overtones and spatial grandeur of earlier works, as well as clearly definable stylistic references to earlier paintings. Wang Meng eventually fell victim to Hongwu’s paranoia, as had so many of his literati associates from the south-east. It was reported that he had visited the home of the prime minister Hu Weiyong, who was executed in 1380 for allegedly taking part in a plot to assassinate the Emperor. Wang was put in prison and died there in 1385. Wang Meng was the most prominent figure in a loose grouping of painters active in the late Yuan and early Ming periods, including Fang congyi, Chen ruyan and Xu Ben (d 1378), who depicted monumental mountainscapes crowded with dynamic and textured forms strongly indebted to 10th- and 11th-century painting. Wang’s version of the mode was the one most imitated by Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1911) artists. --DOA", + "date": "1308 - 1385", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ValiguraMichelle", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Valigura, Michelle", -"comment": "Gastman, Roger, Zio Fulcher and Jamie Rivadeneira; Hello Kitty, Hello Art!, New York: Abrams, 2012. Active 1998- present", -"date": "Late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangMian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Mian", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25m33 Alternate names: Wang Mien, 王冕 Yuan dynasty (b Zhuji, Shaoxing District, Zhejiang Province; d Kuaiji, in modern Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, 1359). Chinese poet and painter. He was the most influential master in the later momei (‘ink-plum’) tradition and the only early plum specialist with a substantial surviving oeuvre. Born into a modest family of the gentry, Wang, like many southern Chinese scholars under the Mongol Yuan dynasty (1279–1368), was thwarted in his ambition to enter official life. He became an eccentric itinerant, winning recognition as a scholar, poet and painter but failing to obtain sustained private or political patronage. He depended on painting plum blossoms for his living. In 1348, on returning south from the capital Dadu (modern Beijing), he predicted chaos and withdrew to Mt Jiuli. In 1359, shortly before his death, he emerged from seclusion to offer strategic advice to the rebel forces of Zhu Yuanzhang; Zhu later became the emperor Taizu (reg 1368–98), first ruler of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). A problematic figure in his own time, Wang was idealized by later scholars; he remains best known for his fictional role as a paragon of virtue in the 18th-century novel Rulin waishi (‘The scholars’). Wang was the pivotal figure in the development of the momei genre from classical Song (960–1279) practice to the later tradition that has endured into modern times (see China, §V, 3(vi)(c)). He created stylized plum branches with sweeping horizontal or vertical S-curves framing poetic inscriptions, as for example Ink Plum (New Haven, CT, Yale U. A. G.; see China, fig. 125). By joining pictorial and written elements in formal and expressive unity, he extended the subtlety and range of the genre and established its characteristic form. Wang’s large hanging scrolls feature new heroic images of massive, battered old trees with soaring young branches in full bloom. Because of traditional associations of plum blossoms with endurance and simplicity, and in conjunction with Wang’s vivid personality, such images became an emblem of integrity and survival in adversity. Wang’s works became the definitive stylistic and iconographic model for later momei painting, and his life inspired other scholar-painters who had to turn their literati accomplishments into their means of subsistence. Wang’s paintings survive in collections in Asia and the USA, including the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH; the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; the Shanghai Museum; the National Palace Museum, Taipei; the Palace Museum, Beijing; and the Imperial Household Collection, Tokyo. His poetry is collected in his Zhu zhai shiji (‘Poetry collection of the Bamboo Studio’). --DOA", + "date": "1287 - 1359", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VanBrigglePottery", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Van Briggle Pottery", -"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. founded in Colorado Springs by Artus Van Briggle, one of Rookwood's most talented decorators; work characterized by art nouveau forms and mat glazes. 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Kansas City-based firm", -"date": "1887-1903", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangQiang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Qiang", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province; member of the Hangzhou-based self-organized group called the Pool Society (Chishe), known for their biting sense of humor and absurdist spirit. ", + "date": "b. 1957", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VanDam", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Van Dam", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangQihan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Qihan", + "comment": "Zhefu, Wu, Li Huishu and Zhou Yunjin ; Zhonghua wu qian nian wen wu ji kan. Song hua pian: I, Taipei: Zhonghua min guo, 1985. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VandePassSimon", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Van de Pass, Simon", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VandenAcker", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Van den Acker", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active mid 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangQingsong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Qingsong", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Hubei Province; graduated 1991 from the Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts, Chonqing, Sichuan; lives and works in Beijing.", + "date": "b. 1966", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VandenBruleJM", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Van den Brule, J. M.", -"comment": "Ariza Muñoz, Carmen; Jardines de Madrid: Paseos Arbolados, Plazas y Parques, Madrid: Ayuntamiento de Madrid y Lunwerg Editores, 2001. ", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangRusheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Rusheng", + "comment": "Realms of Faith, Kaikodo Journal, vol. 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VandenThurm", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Van den Thurm", -"comment": "Rennert, Jack; Posters of the Belle Epoque: the Wine Spectator Collection, New York: Wine Spectator Press, 1990. ", -"date": "early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VanderBeekS", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Van der Beek, S.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangShen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Shen", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25s39 Alternate names: Wang Shen, 王詵 Song dynasty (b Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, c. 1046; d after 1110). Chinese connoisseur, collector and painter. Son-in-law of the Northern Song emperor Yingzong (reg 1064–8), Wang collected old and modern paintings and writings about painting, thus acquiring a good knowledge of different styles. He also exchanged ideas about classical studies and aesthetics with his friend, the eminent writer and artist Su shi. He based his landscape paintings on two distinct modes: for the more serious and austere he used the monochrome ink style of Li cheng, and for the grand and lavish he took up the Blue-and-green (qinglü) manner of Li Sixun (see Li, (1)). Both styles exhibited the then prevalent idea of expressing the artist’s personal interpretation of nature’s force and spirit. Wang frequently included tiny figures of fishermen and gentlemen in his landscapes as an indication of man’s position in nature. He often portrayed misty rivers and valleys with massive mountains in the middle ground and background, and in the foreground heavy, wrinkled rocks, to which cling dry, writhing pine trees. His rivers or lakes usually twist among the rocks and mountains, as for example in Fishing Village in Light Snow (handscroll, ink and light colours on silk, 444×2197 mm; Beijing, Pal. Mus.), though a massif sometimes rises from a wider surface of water. Streams with waterfalls rive the mountains and become mixed with clouds and mists, and trees are scattered among the rocks. The texture of the mountains is suggested by dark and light brushstrokes, whereas their contours are executed in forceful, long and short calligraphical strokes. In some of Wang’s coloured paintings the blue and green colours are reduced to a minimum in order to highlight the central massif and to avoid spoiling the basic monochrome setting, as in a Cliff Folds up in the Yan River (452×1660 mm; Shanghai Mus.). --DOA", + "date": "1046 - after 1110", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/vanderRynSim", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "van der Ryn, Sim", -"comment": "McGregor, Suzi Moore and Nora Burba Trulsson; Living Homes: Sustainable Architecture and Design, San Francisco: Chronicle Press, 2008. American architect", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangShenglie", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Shenglie", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/vanderWeydeWilliam", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "van der Weyde, William", -"comment": "Bernard, Bruce; Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography, 1840-1940, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1980. American photographer", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/vanDogenKees", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "van Dogen, Kees", -"comment": "Peltre, Christine; Orientalism in Art, First Edition, New York: Abbeville Press, 1998. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangShichang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Shichang", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25s43c35 Alternate names: Wang Shih-ch'ang, 王世昌 Ming dynasty From Shandong province. Painted landscapes and figures. --Seymour", + "date": "15th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/vanEesternCornelis", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "van Eestern, Cornelis", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangShikuo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Shikuo", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. from Shangdong, artist and fine art educator; alternate name: 王式廓", + "date": "1911-1973", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VanErpDirk", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Van Erp, Dirk", -"comment": "Kaplan, Wendy; 'The Art That is Life': The Arts and Crafts Movement in America, 1875-1920, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1987. ", -"date": "1859-1933", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangShimin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Shimin", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25s43m36 Alternate names: Wang Shih-min, 王時敏 Qing dynasty (b Taicang, Jiangsu Province, 1592; d 1680). Painter, calligrapher and official. He travelled widely from an early age, accompanying his grandfather, Wang Xijue (1534–1611), on official missions. It was on one of these that he met the famous painter and art theorist Dong Qichang, who later tutored him in painting and calligraphy. Wang was fortunate not only in these propitious beginnings but also in being able to study at first hand works of the Song (960–1279) and Yuan (1279–1368) periods that comprised the renowned art collection of his grandfather. Among these were paintings by the four great masters of the Yuan period, Huang Gongwang, Wu Zhen, Ni Zan and Wang Meng. From c. 1624 to 1636 Wang was at the height of his fairly brief and unremarkable official career, becoming Keeper of the Seals and then sub-director of the Court of Sacrificial Worship. Illness forced him to retire in 1636, and, though summoned later to other official posts, he remained in retirement, painting, and tending his garden. During the 1620s and 1630s, as a number of dated works testify, the artist’s greatest source of inspiration was Huang Gongwang (e.g. Landscape after Huang Gongwang, 1638; New Haven, CT, Yale U. A.G.). Wang’s teacher, Dong Qichang, was so impressed by these paintings that on one of them he wrote, in 1627: ‘Mist and clouds fly by, the forest at the foot of the mountain is dark and dense. It really is a poem in images. Thirty years ago I saw this landscape; now it stands before my eyes afresh. I sit in the pavilion and wonder at this extraordinary achievement.’ Later Chinese critics, on the other hand, disparaged Wang’s work, accusing the painter of being so scrupulously faithful to his models that his transcriptions were, at best, uninspired and repetitive. Certainly Wang Shimin was less original than the innovative Dong Qichang or the more varied virtuoso Wang Hui. However, as is revealed by a much later painting in the Huang manner, Landscape in the Style of Huang Gongwang (see fig.), Wang was able to rearrange and transform past motifs, creating a landscape of extraordinary complexity with the simplest of means. Characteristic Huang elements such as flat-topped bluffs, mountain ridges and a dividing gorge have here been reduced to a series of repeated geometric units modelled and accentuated by rows and columns of dots (Chin. dian). Together with underlying contour lines, they are virtually the sole constituents of the composition. In one area, equally spaced horizontal strokes serve for the progression into distance of a path; in another, they emphasize the successive conical layers of the central ridge; elsewhere, applied more wetly and thickly, they become a cluster of trees: ‘Wang Shimin’s paramount concern is in the brush pattern and movement, in the variation between light and dark tones of ink, rather than in the description of detail’ (Whitfield, p. 40). The central mountain ridge follows the model of Huang’s Stone Cliff at the Pond of Heaven (1341; Beijing, Pal. Mus.), but whereas in Huang’s painting it begins as a mass of smaller units inclining to the right and then shifting to the left, buttressed by flat-topped precipices, in Wang’s painting the ridge becomes an uninterrupted bowlike curve topped with staccato tree trunks. The intelligence of the idea is striking rather than the brilliance of the art. The sheer number of paintings produced by Wang during a period of almost 50 years counters any notion that he relied exclusively on one model. In addition to Huang Gongwang, Wang cited in inscriptions on his paintings other masters such as Dong Yuan, Ni Zan, Juran and Mi Fu as sources for individual pictures. His inscriptions reveal that he was an accomplished calligrapher in the bafen (‘eight-tenths’) style, an elegant version of lishu (‘clerical script’; see China, §IV, 2(ii)). Wang Shimin’s pupils included the brilliant Wang Hui and his less illustrious friend Wu Li, as well as his own grandson (2) Wang Yuanqi. In 1677 Shimin presented Yuanqi with an album of reduced copies of early masterworks that he had owned, The Great Revealed in the Small (Xiaozhong xianda; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), which he had made when economic necessity had forced him to sell the original paintings. Dong Qichang’s inscriptions were reproduced on the pages facing the paintings. The album, with its many works in the styles of the ancients (particularly those designated appropriate models by Dong), became an important source book for Orthodox school masters. --DOA", + "date": "1592 - 1680", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/vanErpVioletAgatha", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "van Erp, Violet Agatha", -"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. daughter of Dirk Koperslager van Erp who worked for her father at the Copper Shop as one of two decorators", -"date": "1895-1978", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangShishen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Shishen", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25s43s39 Alternate names: Wang Shih-shen, 汪士慎 Qing dynasty Eight Eccentrics: Term coined in the late 19th century for a group of artists active in the 18th century in Yangzhou Province. More than eight artists have been identified with the group and their uniting characteristic, despite the designation ‘eccentric’, is somewhat debated. They include Jin nong, Luo ping, Wang Shishen, Gao qipei, Huang shen, Gao Xiang, Hua yan, Gao fenghan, Ming Zhen, Zheng xie, Li Gangying, Li shan and Qin Long. Wang Shishen (1686–1759) came from Shexian in Anhui Province and produced blossoming plum pictures with strange compositions and oddly wavering brushlines. --DOA", + "date": "1686 - 1759", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VanEveraBaileyJames", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Van Evera Bailey, James", -"comment": "UO VRC Mounted Photographs Collection. Portland, Oregon architect", -"date": "1903-1980", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangShugu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Shugu", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25s45g35 Alternate names: Wang Shu-ku, 王樹穀 Qing dynasty From Hangzhou. Painted figures. --Seymour", + "date": "1647 - ca. 1730", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VanNiceRobertLawrence", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Van Nice, Robert Lawrence", -"comment": "UO AAA Library Architectural Drawing Collection. UO architecture student 1920s-30s", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangShuyi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Shuyi", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Bijie, Guizhou Province; specializes in print, Chinese painting, art review; alternate name: 王树艺", + "date": "1917-1999", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VanSassenJ", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Van Sassen, J.", -"comment": "Enge, Torsten Olaf and Carl Friedrich Schröer; Garden Architecture in Europe, 1450-1800, Cologne: Benedikt Taschen, 1900. engraver", -"date": "active ca. 1700", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangSu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Su", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25s57 Alternate names: Wang Su, 王素 Qing dynasty From Yangzhou, Jiangsu province. Painted figures. --Seymour", + "date": "1794 - 1877", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VanderbeekStan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Vanderbeek, Stan", -"comment": "Shanken, Edward A.; Art and Electronic Media, London; New York: Phaidon Press, 2009. ", -"date": "1927-1984", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangWei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Wei", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Henan Province; member of the Chinese Artists' Association, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association, vice-president of Henan branch of the Chinese Artists' Association; alternate name: 王威", + "date": "born 1930", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VannJames", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Vann, James", -"comment": "Gleason, David King; Antebellum Homes of Georgia, Baton Rouge; London: Louisiana State University Press, 1987. Cherokee Indian chief whose father, a Scottish trader, founded Spring Place Plantation", -"date": "ca. 1750-1809", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangWen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Wen", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25w27 Alternate names: Wang Wen, 王問 Ming dynasty Poet. Painted figures, flowers, birds, landscapes in Yuan tradition. Calligraphy in cursive script style. Inscriptions. --Seymour", + "date": "1479 - 1576", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VarelaEnriqueLuis", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Varela, Enrique Luis", -"comment": "Galmiche, Xavier; Havana Districts of Light, Paris: Vilo, 2001. Cuban architect", -"date": "mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangWu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Wu", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25w32 Alternate names: Wang Wu, 王武 Qing dynasty From Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Pained landscapes, flowers, birds. Collector and connoisseur. --Seymour", + "date": "1632 - 1690", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VarettiC", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Varetti, C.", -"comment": "Brandenburg, Hugo; Ancient Churches of Rome From the Fourth to the Seventh Century, English edition, Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2005. ", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangWuxie", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Wuxie", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VarganovaTA", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Varganova, T. A.", -"comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. toy maker", -"date": "1933-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Vassallettifamily", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Vassalletti family", -"comment": "Trachtenberg, Marvin and Isabelle Hyman; Architecture: From Prehistory to Postmodernity, 2nd ed, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2002. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangXiancheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Xiancheng", + "comment": "Suzhou Institute of Landscape Architectural Design; Suzhou gardens, Beijing: Zhongguo jian zhu gong ye chu ban she, 1999. ", + "date": "active ca. 1513-1550", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VassilievP", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Vassiliev, P.", -"comment": "Calendar: thirty years of the Soviet State, 1917-1947, Moscow: Foreign Languages Pub. House, 1947. ", -"date": "active 1917", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangXianzhi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Xianzhi", + "comment": "Hasebe, Gakuji, Yoshiho Yonezawa and Yujiro Nakata; Shorai bijutsu (Genshoku Nihon no bijutsu v.29), 1971-1972. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VaughanDonald", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Vaughan, Donald", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Vancouver-based landscape architect", -"date": "active after 1965", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VeederJ", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Veeder, J.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangXingwei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Xingwei", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Shenyang, Liaoning Province; lives and works in Shanghai.", + "date": "b. 1969", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VeldheerVern", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Veldheer, Vern", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American horticulturalist specializing in tulip cultivation and located in Holland, Michigan", -"date": "active after 1950", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangXizhi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Xizhi", + "comment": "Possessing the past : treasures from the National Palace Museum, Taipei / Wen C. Fong, James C.Y. Watt, with contributions by Richard M. Barnhart ... [et al]. New York : Metropolitan Museum of Art : Distributed by H.N. Abrams, 1996. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VelvetaDesign", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Velveta Design", -"comment": "New Look of Environmental Design For a Sustainable Environment and Society, Tokyo: Orange Book Co., Ltd., 2005. Japanese design firm.", -"date": "active early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VeneroniGiovanniAntonio", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Veneroni, Giovanni Antonio", -"comment": "Chatfield, Judith; Classic Italian Garden, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1991. ", -"date": "active ca. 1735", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangXun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Xun", + "comment": "Rawski, Evelyn S. and Jessica Rawson; China: The Three Emperors, 1662-1795, London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2005. ", + "date": "350-401", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VerbeckChan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Verbeck, Chan", -"comment": "Greenberg, Donald; 'The Coming Breakthrough of Computers as a True Design Tool', Architectural Record, vol. 77, no. 10. ", -"date": "active ca. 1984", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangYin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Yin", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Jinan, Shandong Province; graduated 1988 from the Department of Fine Arts, Central Institute of Theater, Beijing.", + "date": "b. 1964", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VereinigteWerkstättenfürKunstimHandwerk", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Vereinigte Werkstätten für Kunst im Handwerk", -"comment": "Hiesinger, Kathryn Bloom; Art Nouveau in Munich: Masters of Jugendstil from the Stadtmuseum, Munich, and Other Public and Private Collections, Philadelphia, Munich: Philadelphia Museum of Art, Prestel-Verlag, 1988. Munich", -"date": "1897-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangYingchun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Yingchun", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter", + "date": "b. 1942", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Vergnaud", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Vergnaud", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangYoushen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Youshen", + "comment": "China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. Chinese artist, born in Beijing; graduated from the Central Academy of Fine Arts", + "date": "b. 1964", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VernierEdmond", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Vernier, Edmond", -"comment": "Rennert, Jack; Posters of the Belle Epoque: the Wine Spectator Collection, New York: Wine Spectator Press, 1990. Edmond Vernier, who used the pseudonym Georges Dola, was born in a town called Dole in eastern France. ", -"date": "1872-1950", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangYuanII", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Yuan (II)", + "comment": "Fong, Wen; Between Two Cultures: Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Chinese Paintings From the Robert H. Ellsworth Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; New Haven: Metropolitan Museum of Art; Yale University Press, 2001. ", + "date": "ca. 1862-1908", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Veyrat", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Veyrat", -"comment": "George, Michael and Consuelo M. Correcher; Gardens of Spain, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1993. landscape architect fro Grenoble", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangYuanqi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Yuanqi", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25y37q22 Alternate names: Wang Yüan-ch'i, 王原祁 Qing dynasty (b Taicang, Jiangsu Province, 1642; d 1715). Painter, art theorist and official, grandson of (1) Wang Shimin. Through Wang Shimin he inherited the teachings of the latter’s tutor, the late Ming-period (1368–1644) painter Dong qichang. Wang thus represented the culmination of a lineage of landscape painting, loosely corresponding to the literati tradition (see China, §V, 4(ii)), that stretched back to the 8th-century ad painter and poet Wang Wei. Wang achieved eminence in his official career, becoming a district magistrate and a censor and, in 1712, rising to the rank of Vice-president of the Board of Revenue. He became a member of the Hanlin Academy, the highest in the hierarchy of intellectual institutions centred on the court. He was in the service of the Kangxi emperor (reg 1662–1722), to whom in 1700 he became adviser on the imperial art collection. His impact on the art world of the early Qing period (1644–1911) therefore went beyond the products of his brush. He was a prolific editor and theorist: from c. 1705 he was editor-in-chief of the Peiwen zhai shuhuapu, the calligraphy and painting manual of the Peiwen (Kangxi experor’s) studio (published 1708), a massive compilation of excerpts from texts; he also wrote the theoretical essay Yuchuang manbi (‘Scattered notes at a rainy window’), the most comprehensive expression of the principles and working methods of the Orthodox school. Wang was equally successful as a painter and dominated the court academy during his later years. Wang Yuanqi was artistically precocious. His grandfather is reported to have observed, on seeing one of Wang’s youthful works, that the boy would surely surpass him and that he had grasped not only the form (style) of the great Yuan-period (1279–1368) landscape painter Huang gongwang but also his spirit. Wang drew artistic inspiration from the works of Huang and of Dong Qichang, both of whom he regarded as significant figures in the revival and transmission of literati ideals, in so far as they had transformed the styles of the Northern Song (960–1127) landscape painters Dong Yuan and Juran. In his own work Wang confined himself almost entirely to landscape studies, usually without figures (see fig.). Details such as buildings and bridges were reduced to a minimum and conventionalized. While stylistic development can be traced in his work, his typical compositions, usually depicting hills rising above a river with trees and houses on the shore, remained constant. Underpinning his landscapes were his theories of painting as set out in the Yuchuang manbi. The artist should begin with an inspiration, purging himself of ‘trite feelings’ and imagining the general composition before applying the brush. He must establish proportions, foreground and distance, dense and sparse areas and basic tonal values well in advance of the details. The painter’s purpose is not to create beautiful scenery nor to reproduce old compositions precisely, rather it is to capture the qishi (‘dynamic force’ or ‘spirit-momentum’, a term originally associated with calligraphy criticism; see China, §IV, 3), transferring the concept of kinetic energy inherent in calligraphy to the larger problems of pictorial composition. Wang used the term longmo (‘dragon vein’) to express the principal dynamic structure within a landscape. In the 17th century longmo referred to dragon-like (Chin. long) or serpentine compositional movements, built up with individual brushstrokes and connected by ‘arteries’ (mo) within these larger movements. The composition contained passages that ‘opened and closed’ (kaihe) and ‘rose and fell’ (qifu). The former clearly depicted open spaces, such as a long valley closed off at one end by a large and distant mountain; the latter could refer to a succession of hills or boulders, arranged one behind the other, the contours of which could be seen to rise and fall. The clear articulation of all these elements was the essence of a good painting. Wang believed that the painter, having mastered these principles, was capable of a creative synthesis, borrowing from the compositions of past masters but renewing and refreshing their ideas and methods. This insistence on individual creativity moved him beyond the more imitative antiquarian interests of Wang Shimin and Wang Jian, and closer to Dong Qichang’s concern with ‘encountering the spirit’ of earlier masters. One of his best-known landscapes is Wangchuan Villa, based on an engraving of 1617 of a legendary Wang Wei composition. The scene represented the quintessential domain of the scholar–recluse. Since only copies and popular ink rubbings from stone engravings of the 8th-century composition existed, Wang was free to improvise, using Wang Wei’s poems as a further source of inspiration. As he pointed out, the picture was more than a ‘physical likeness by a professional painter’. The detail illustrated preserves the general appearance of the engraving, particularly the tilt of the ground-plane and the disposition of trees and hills. However, Wang created a sharp contrast between empty expanses of water and plain and the vigorously outlined and textured rock forms. The interplay between dense and open areas creates a formal rhythm that continues simultaneously back into the distance and across the picture plane. Wang’s debt to Huang Gongwang is apparent in the rounded rocks piled one against the other in receding, roughly triangular configurations, and in the dry, wiry texture strokes (cun) defining the edges of the mountains. Intermittent cool tones for washes and dots recall the archaic Blue-and-green manner of the Tang period (ad 618–907). These are combined in places with warmer hues so that two distinct colour schemes emerge: the ‘cool’ manner of the Tang period and the ‘warm–cool’ idiom popular with literati painters from the Yuan period onwards. In his ability to work with limited conventional means, while remaining consistently original, Wang’s artistic contribution represents both a summation of Orthodox theory and an escape from the occasional banality of its adherents. Wang Yuanqi collaborated with other artists such as Daoji (e.g. Bamboo in Wind, 1691, Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) and had many followers, mostly in the court academy and among court officials; an exception was Huang Ding (1660–1730), who worked outside court circles. --DOA", + "date": "1642 - 1715", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VianF", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Vian, F.", -"comment": "Leipen, Neda; Athena Parthenos, A Reconstruction, Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum, 1971. ", -"date": "active 1970s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangYun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Yun", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25y39 Alternate names: Wang Yün, 王雲 Qing dynasty Fom Jiangsu province. Painted figures in style of Qiu Ying. Landscapes after Song academics. --Seymour", + "date": "1652 - 1735", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ViardP", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Viard, P.", -"comment": "Galmiche, Xavier; Havana Districts of Light, Paris: Vilo, 2001. ", -"date": "early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangZhao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Zhao", + "comment": "Rogers, Howard and Sherman E. Lee; Masterworks of Ming and Qing Painting From the Forbidden City, Lansdale, PA: International Arts Council, 1988. one of the four great masters of the Zhe School", + "date": "early 16th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VidalSantiago", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Vidal, Santiago", -"comment": "Benedikt, Michael; Overland Partners: Building on Values: Costruire sui valori, Milan: L'Arca Edizioni, 2002. ", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangZhaoDa", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Zhao Da", + "comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese artist of the Cultural Revolution", + "date": "active ca. 1970", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VielliardRené", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Vielliard, René", -"comment": "Krautheimer, Richard; Rome: Profile of a City, 312-1308, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980. ", -"date": "20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangZhen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wang, Zhen", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25z42 Alternate names: Wang Chen, 王震 Modern From Zhejiang province. Worked in Shanghai. Painted landscapes, flowers, birds, animals, figures, Buddhist subjects. --Seymour", + "date": "1868 - 1938", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ViettiLuigi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Vietti, Luigi", -"comment": "Ades, Dawn et al.; Art and Power: Europe Under the Dictators 1930-45, London: Thames and Hudson, 1995. 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", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WattsDarlene", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Watts, Darlene", + "comment": "Ewald, Wendy; Portraits and Dreams: Photographs and stories by children of the Appalachians, London: Writers and Readers Publishing Cooperative Society Ltd., 1985. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VulliamyBenjamin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Vulliamy, Benjamin", -"comment": "Coutts, Howard; Art of Ceramics: European Ceramic Design, 1500-1830, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001. ", -"date": "1747-1811", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WBBJ", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "WBBJ", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VynerClare", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Vyner, Clare", -"comment": "British Listed Buildings. ", -"date": "active ca. 1930", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WEGroup", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "W. E. Group", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. W. E. Group, P. C./Architects and Planners", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WebbAshton", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Webb, Ashton", + "comment": "Baker, Malcolm and Brenda Richardson; Grand Design: the Art of the Victoria and Albert Museum, New York: Harry N. 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Workshop for the production of turned metalwork founded by English architect and designer William Arthur Smith Benson.", -"date": "1854-1924", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeberFritz", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Weber, Fritz", + "comment": "Kähler, Gert; Path of Modernism: Architecture, 1900-1930, Berlin: Jovis, 2009. German architect, active in Berlin and Chemnitz", + "date": "active ca. 1930", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WJAdamsandSons", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "W.J. 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Naval officer during the time of the war of 1812", -"date": "1790-1851", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeckLars", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Weck, Lars", + "comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WaesbergheArmandVan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Waesberghe, Armand Van", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1879-1949", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WagnerElizabeth", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wagner, Elizabeth", -"comment": "McGregor, Suzi Moore and Nora Burba Trulsson; Living Homes: Sustainable Architecture and Design, San Francisco: Chronicle Press, 2008. American Architect", -"date": "active ca. 2000", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeeksDavid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Weeks, David", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "first half 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WagnerJosef", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wagner, Josef", -"comment": "Roder, Sabine, Gerhard Storck, and Michael Fehr; Deutsches Museum fur Kunst in Handel und Gewerbe, 1909-1919, Antwerp: Pandora, 1997. silversmith at the Wiener Werstatte", -"date": "active ca. 1910", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeemsCarrieMae", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Weems, Carrie Mae", + "comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", + "date": "born 1953", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WagstaffBrock", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wagstaff, Brock", -"comment": "David A. Bainbridge Gift Collection, Architecture and Allied Arts Library, University of Oregon. ", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeiDong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wei, Dong", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Chifeng, Inner Mongolia; graduated 1991 from the Fine Arts Department of Beijing Normal Institute.", + "date": "b. 1968", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WahidMauhammadibnAhdal", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wahid, Mauhammad ibn Ahd al-", -"comment": "Piotrovsky, M.B. and Rogers, J.M., eds.; Heaven On Earth: Art from Islamic Lands: Works from The State Hermitage Museum and the Khalili Collection, New York: Prestel Publishing, 2004. ", -"date": "1163", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeiGuangjin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wei, Guangjin", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist", + "date": "active ca. 1985-1995", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WakasugiIsohachi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wakasugi, Isohachi", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Pioneered studies of European techniques such as oil painting, he also experimented with Western techniques and perspective.", -"date": "1759-1802", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeiGuangqing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wei, Guangqing", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Huangshi, Hubei Province; graduated 1985 from the Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou; lives and works in Wuhan.", + "date": "b. 1963", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WakefieldReedChairCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wakefield Reed Chair Company", -"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. New York", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeiJingshan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wei, Jingshan", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WakefieldGeoffrey", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wakefield, Geoffrey", -"comment": "Turner, Suzanne and A.J. Meek; Gardens of Louisiana: Places of Work and Wonder, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997. English horticulturalist", -"date": "active ca. 1965-1970", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WaldAH", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wald, A. H.", -"comment": "Meggs, Philip B.; History of Graphic Design, 3rd edition, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998. ", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeiJiuding", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wei, Jiuding", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w26j24d36 Alternate names: Wei Chiu-ting, 衛九鼎 Yuan dynasty From Zhejiang province. Painted landscapes, boundary (architectural) paintings, and figures. 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American painter", -"date": "1866-1930", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeiJujing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wei, Jujing", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w26j36j33 Alternate names: Wei Chü-ching, 魏居敬 Ming dynasty", + "date": "16th century ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WalkerAmeliaBell", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Walker, Amelia Bell", -"comment": "Nabokov, Peter and Robert Easton; Native American Architecture, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. anthropologist", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeiSheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wei, Sheng", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w26s42 Alternate names: Wei Sheng, 衛升 Song dynasty Painted flowers and birds. --Seymour", + "date": "12th century ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WalkerChristian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Walker, Christian", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeiXian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wei, Xian", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w26x24 Alternate names: Wei Hsien, 衛賢 Five dynasties Court painter from Nanjing in Southern Tang dynasty. Painted houses, trees, figures. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 937 - 975", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WalkerFrederick", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Walker, Frederick", -"comment": "Meggs, Philip B.; History of Graphic Design, 3rd edition, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998. 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Painted horses, pine trees and rocks. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 7th - 8th century ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WalkerWilliam", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Walker, William", -"comment": "Daniel, Noel; Magic: 1400s-1950s, Cologne: Taschen, 2009. Printed in Otley, England.", -"date": "active 1840", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeiZixi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wei, Zixi", + "comment": "Nebiolo, Gino; La Cina dei Cinesi, Ivrea: Priuli & Verlucca, 1973. Chinese peasant painter during the Cultural Revolution", + "date": "b. 1915", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WallacavageAdam", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wallacavage, Adam", -"comment": "Gastman, Roger, Zio Fulcher and Jamie Rivadeneira; Hello Kitty, Hello Art!, New York: Abrams, 2012. 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Pennsylvania-based architecture firm, alt. name: W2a Design Group", -"date": "20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Weichiyiseng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Weichiyiseng", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w26z44y28 Alternate names: Wei-ch'ih-i-seng, 尉遲乙僧 Tang dynasty Called "Lesser Wei-chi" to distinguish from father ( Weichibozhina, the "Greater Wei-chi"). Lived in Xian. Created wall paintings in Buddhist temples, icons, figures, flowers and objects in relief. --Seymour", + "date": "second half 7th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WallaceDwightG", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wallace, Dwight G.", -"comment": "Chicago Daily Tribune; International Competition for a New Administration Building for the Chicago Tribune, Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune, 1923. American architect", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeilerKevin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Weiler, Kevin", + "comment": "Greenberg, Donald, Aaron Marcus, Allan H. Schmidt and Vernon Gorter; Computer Image: Applications of Computer Graphics, Reading: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1982. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WallaceHamilton", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wallace, Hamilton", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Weiluc", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Weiluc", + "comment": "Rennert, Jack; Posters of the Belle Epoque: the Wine Spectator Collection, New York: Wine Spectator Press, 1990. Lucien-Henri Weil, who signed himself 'Weiluc,' made his artistic debut in 1896 in 'La Caricature.' He then went on to illustrate for other magazines and exhibited regularly at the Salon des Humoristes. ", + "date": "1873-1947", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WallingAlbertG", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Walling, Albert G.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. founder of printing and lithography business in Portland, Oregon", -"date": "active ca. 1880-1900", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeimerD", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Weimer, D.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WalpoleEdward", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Walpole, Edward", -"comment": "George, Michael; Gardens of Ireland, New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1986. ", -"date": "active 1860s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WalpoleGeorge", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Walpole, George", -"comment": "George, Michael; Gardens of Ireland, New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1986. ", -"date": "active 1860s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeinLeopoldJakub", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wein, Leopold Jakub", + "comment": "Rak, Jiri, Radim Vondracek and Clauda Terenzi; Biedermeier: Art and Culture in Central Europe, 1815-1848, Milan, New York: Skira Editore, Rizzoli International, 2001. ", + "date": "ca. 1800-1867", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeinerPaul", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Weiner, Paul", + "comment": "McGregor, Suzi Moore and Nora Burba Trulsson; Living Homes: Sustainable Architecture and Design, San Francisco: Chronicle Press, 2008. American architect and builder.", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WalrathPottery", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Walrath Pottery", -"comment": "Green, Nancy E. and Jessie Poesch; Arthur Wesley Dow and American Arts and Crafts, New York: American Federation of Arts; Harry N. Abrams, 1999. Located: Rochester, New York", -"date": "1908-1918", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeingartnerWallrath", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Weingartner, Wallrath", + "comment": "Harmen, Katharine; You Are Here: Personal Geographies and Other Maps of the Imagination, First Edition, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2004. ", + "date": "1795-1873", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WalrathFrederickE", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Walrath, Frederick E.", -"comment": "Bowman, Leslie Greene; American Arts & Crafts : Virtue in Design , Los Angeles, Boston: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Company, 1990. ", -"date": "1871-1921", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeissKurt", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Weiss, Kurt", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American graphic artist", + "date": "active mid-20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WalterCorneliaW", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Walter, Cornelia W.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "mid 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeissmanNaomi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Weissman, Naomi", + "comment": "Cohen, Joyce Tenneson and Patricia Meyer Stacks; In/Sights: Self-Portraits by Women, Boston: David R. Godine, Publisher, 1978. ", + "date": "born 1940", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WamserChristoph", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wamser, Christoph", -"comment": "archinform.net. ", -"date": "1580-1649", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeleskiDawn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Weleski, Dawn", + "comment": "Klanten, Robert, Alain Bieber, Pedro Alonzo, Silke Krohn et al; Art & Agenda: Political Art and Activism, Berlin: Gestalten, 2011. Active 2008- present Member of Conflict Kitchen", + "date": "20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangAihe", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Aihe", -"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese artist who was part of the No Name group ", -"date": "born 1954 ", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WellerBrownandMesmer", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Weller, Brown and Mesmer", + "comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. Buffalo, NY", + "date": "1872-1884", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangBing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Bing", -"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Gannan, Gansu province", -"date": "born 1961", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WellsThomas", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wells, Thomas", + "comment": "Rieman, Timothy D. and Jean M. Burks; Complete Book of Shaker Furniture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , Publishers, 1993. Shaker furniture maker", + "date": "1819-after 1854", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangChen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Chen", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25c38 Alternate names: Wang Ch'en, 王宸 Qing dynasty From Jiangsu province. Great-grandson of Wang Yuanqi. Painted landscapes in teh style of Yuan masters. Also lohan and tigers. --Seymour", -"date": "1720 - 1797", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WelnerLawrence", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Welner, Lawrence", + "comment": "American century : art & culture. New York : Whitney Museum of American Art in association with W.W. Norton, c1999. vol. 2.. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangCongxing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Congxing", -"comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revolution to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangDengyue", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Dengyue", -"comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Chinese contemporary architect", -"date": "active ca. 1995-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeltonDan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Welton, Dan", + "comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. ", + "date": "born 1944", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangDu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Du", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Wuhan, Hubei Province; graduated 1985 from the Academy of Fine Arts, Guangzhou; has lived and worked in Paris since 1990.", -"date": "b. 1956", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeltschRobin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Weltsch, Robin", + "comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", + "date": "active ca. 1972", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangFu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Fu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25f32 Alternate names: Wang Fu, 王紱 Ming dynasty (b Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 1362; d Beijing, 1416). Chinese painter, calligrapher and poet. Following early promise as a painter and poet, Wang Fu passed the provincial examinations—the second stage in the civil service examination ladder—to receive his juren degree in 1376. He went to Nanjing soon after to take up a government post, but in 1380 was banished to the northern frontier, near Datong, Shanxi Province, as the result of alleged political activity against the Ming (1368–1644) government. For the next 20 years Wang served as a frontier guard, after which he returned to the south to paint and write. From 1403 to 1412 he worked as a calligrapher in the imperial palace at Nanjing, and in 1414 he went to Beijing to join the Central Draughting Office; he died there two years later. Accounts of Wang’s character and artistic skill have the ring of conventional formulae. It is said that he painted infrequently, while travelling and often when drunk. In spite of his reputation for eccentricity, his extant works reveal a diligent hand and serious application to his art. In his Butianji (1574/R Shanghai, 1910) Wen Zhengming wrote: The quality of his painting is above [mere] competence; the critics say that the artisan’s [technique] and the scholar’s spirit are both provided by his works. His personal quality was superior, and he was not used by his art. He would not give away even his small works to anyone whom he did not consider to be the right kind of man. Wang Fu is best known for his landscapes and bamboo, both typical subjects of literati painters (see China, §V, 3(iv)(a) and (vi)(a)). In painting bamboo, Wang followed the style of Wu zhen, one of the Four Great Masters of the Yuan period (1279–1368). Wan zhu qiu shen (‘Ten thousand bamboos in late autumn’; long handscroll, 1410; Washington, DC, Freer) is one of his best works. The plants are arranged along the length of the handscroll in a free and natural manner, thick stalks running the full height of the scroll, dark leaves clustered in a rhythmic series, sometimes at the base, sometimes at the uppermost edge. Wang Fu’s landscapes were frequently painted either to commemorate a particular event or to repay the generosity of a host. One such example, River Landscape in the Manner of Ni Zan (1401; priv. col., see Cahill, pl. 22), was a parting present for Wu Shunmin, a friend with whom Wang had stayed. They had not met for ten years, and Wang composed a poem for the work to ‘express the emotions of parting’. Ni zan’s spare, dry style is ideal for the sense of nostalgia and impending loneliness or distance one would expect on such an occasion, as well as being a tribute to his friend’s sensitivity and taste. Thatched Pavilion in Mist-filled Trees (see fig.) uses a more elaborate version of the Ni Zan style, although the composition—thatched pavilion beside tall trees in the foreground, an expanse of water and a distant range of mountains—is reduced to its essential elements, painted with an even greater economy than Ni Zan’s own work. In this example, a scholar sits in the pavilion beneath three deciduous trees that have already lost leaves. The influence of Huang gongwang is evident in the stringlike cun (‘texture strokes’) applied to the mountains in the background. The style and technique of the painting recall the masters of the Yuan period (1279–1368) and convey a sense of solitude. It is a brilliant variation on a theme, at once finely rendered and deeply moving. In his imitations of Yuan painters Wang Fu exemplifies the institutionalization of imitation, which was to become characteristic of literati painters of the Ming period. --DOA", -"date": "1362 - 1416", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenBao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wen, Bao", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangFulai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Fulai", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Wag Fu-lai", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangGai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Gai", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25g23 Alternate names: Wang Kai, 王概 Qing dynasty From Zhejiang province. Lived in Nanjing. Young brother of Wang Shi. Landscapes, imitated Gong Xian. --Seymour", -"date": "ca. 1680 - 1700", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenBoren", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wen, Boren", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w27b38r26 Alternate names: Wen Po-jen, 文伯仁 Ming dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 1502; d Suzhou, 1575). Painter, nephew of (1) Wen Zhengming and cousin of (2) Wen Jia. He was renowned for his mean personality: as a youth he lost a legal dispute with his uncle and teacher, Wen Zhengming, and was imprisoned. Like Wen Jia, he failed the provincial juren (second degree) civil service examinations. Perhaps because of his cantankerous character, he did not often participate in Suzhou scholarly gatherings, nor was he as actively involved in Wu school activities as were his cousins Wen Peng (1498–1573) and Wen Jia; his paintings do not usually bear inscriptions by his contemporaries, and colophons by him are rare. The critic Wang Shizhen (1526–90) marvelled at how such a vile person could produce such fine landscapes. Apart from Miniature Portrait of Yang Jijing (handscroll, ink and light colours on paper, 1526; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), Wen Boren’s paintings are landscapes. He followed the Wen family style, using meticulous brushstrokes and an elongated format for hanging scrolls. The few times he painted in the mode of a master of the Yuan period (1279–1368) he chose Wang meng, whose complex, interweaving rock forms and twisting trees suited Wen Boren’s personality. Dwellings of the Immortals Amid Streams and Mountains (hanging scroll, ink and colour on paper, 1531; Cambridge, priv. col.) represents this style. A serpentine mountain mass is richly textured with numerous trees, rocks, buildings and figures. The deep pastel colours and the use of the archaic fishnet pattern to represent water also refer to Wang Meng’s style. The luxuriant elegance of the painting is, however, derived from Wen Zhengming. The Four Myriads (Siwan tu; four hanging scrolls, ink and colour on paper, 1551; Tokyo, N. Mus.) is considered his masterpiece. The scrolls are extremely dense, full compositions that portray the four seasons with repeated use of bamboo for spring, pines for summer, sunlit waves for autumn and snowy peaks for winter. At other times Wen Boren worked in a sparse style, as in Lute Song: Saying Farewell at Xunyang (short handscroll, ink and light colour on paper; Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.), an illustration of the ‘Pipa Xing’ (‘Lute song’; n.d.) by the poet Bai Juyi (ad 772–846). Water reeds, moon, maple tree and boats on the watery expanse are motifs from the prose poem. A poignant mood is evoked by the spacious composition, precise brushstrokes and soft, pale colours. The water is portrayed with the archaic fishnet pattern that originated in the Tang period (ad 618–907), when the poem was written. River Landscape with Towering Mountains (see fig.) depicts scholars enjoying nature. The tall, narrow proportions and light, feathery brushwork reflect the influence of Wen Zhengming. The composition is divided horizontally into two halves, with a separate spatial system for each half. In the foreground are riverside pavilions, trees and figures viewed from an elevated perspective. In the background, the mountains recede along a zigzag axis. They are treated in a volumetric fashion and topped with pines reminiscent of the Yuan master Huang Gongwang. The branches and foliage of the foreground trees weave together to create an intricate surface design. The contrast and tension between the upper and lower sections bring new life to this traditional theme. The ruler under whom Wen Boren lived, the Jiajing emperor (reg 1522–66), was an avid patron of Daoism and contributed to its increased influence and practice during the 16th century. Like Wen Jia, Wen Boren painted Daoist themes, for example Fanghu (hanging scroll, ink and colour on paper, 1563; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), a portrayal of one of the Daoist islands of the immortals, and Spring Dawn at Dantai (handscroll, ink and colour on paper, n.d.; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). --DOA", + "date": "1502 - 1575", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangGeyi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Geyi", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenCongjian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wen, Congjian", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w27c56j26 Alternate names: Wen Ts'ung-chien, 文從簡 Ming dynasty From Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Oldest son of Wen Yuanshan. Painted landscapes in the family traidtion, also followed Ni Zan and Wang Meng. Calligraphy in the style of Li Bohai. --Seymour", + "date": "1574 - 1648", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangGongxin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Gongxin", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Beijing, resides Beijing and New York; studied at Beijing Normal College, 1982.", -"date": "born 1960", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenJia", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wen, Jia", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w27j25 Alternate names: Wen Chia, 文嘉 Ming dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 1501; d Suzhou, 1583). Painter and calligrapher, son of Wen Zhengming. He received a formal classical education and benefited from contact with the learned associates of his father. He succeeded in passing the local xiucai (first degree) examinations and was appointed gongsheng (tribute student). He did not pass the provincial juren (second degree) examinations and had an undistinguished government career. A highly cultured gentleman, Wen Jia was a member of the third generation of the Wu school, and his early works show the profound influence of his father. His activity as a calligrapher was overshadowed by the greater reputation of his older brother Wen Peng (1498–1573), who practised the full range of script types: seal (zhuanshu), clerical (lishu), regular (kaishu) and cursive (caoshu). The two brothers were lively participants in Suzhou literati life, often collaborating on projects that combined painting, poetry and calligraphy. Together they compiled the Tingyun guan tie, an anthology of calligraphy published in 1560. Highly regarded as a connoisseur, Wen Jia was frequently asked to authenticate masterpieces, especially after the death of his father. He wrote colophons on paintings by Chen Huong ( fl ad 725–56), Guo Xi, Ma Yuan, Zhao Mengfu, Shen Zhou, Wen Zhengming, Zhou Chen, Tang Yin, Qiu Ying and Chen Shun. After the painting and calligraphy belonging to the powerful official Yan Song (1480–1565) were confiscated, Wen Jia was invited to write the catalogue Qianshan tang shuhua ji, dated 1569. Wen Jia’s paintings are modest and refined, with numerous allusions to the past. His unpretentious brushwork epitomizes the literati ideal of pingdan (plainness). Most of them illustrate poetry or document scholarly activities. From 1525 to 1559 he explored a variety of different themes and styles. After the death of Wen Zhengming in 1559, Wen Jia focused on consolidating his own artistic personality. He worked in the mode of masters of the Yuan period (1279–1368): Ni zan was a particular favourite, since his paintings embodied the elegant refinement that most appealed to Wen Jia. Wen’s paintings from the 1560s include illustrations of a poem by Bai Juyi (ad 772–846), Pipa Xing (‘Lute song’; hanging scroll, ink and light colour on paper, 1569; Osaka, Mun. Mus.), and another by Su Shi, Chibi fu (‘Ode on the red cliff’; handscroll, ink on paper, 1563; Nanjing, Jiangsu Prov. Mus.). His integral involvement with the Suzhou literati is affirmed by Parting by the River Bank (handscroll, ink and colour on paper, c. 1563; San Francisco, CA, Asian A. Mus.). It was painted to commemorate the departure of the official Yuan Zunni (1523–74) to Beijing to take the jinshi examinations and has farewell poems by six of his friends following the painting. The last 13 years of Wen Jia’s life were prolific. He wrote a large number of colophons and continued to work in the mode of Ni Zan, as well as to illustrate poetry such as Landscape in the Spirit of Verses by Du Fu (album leaf, 1576; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). His repertory expanded to include mythical Daoist scenic spots, for example Daoist Landscapes (handscroll, 1573; Tokyo, N. Mus.) and On the Isles of the Immortals (hanging scroll, n.d.; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). Landscape Dedicated to Xiang Yuanbian (see fig.) celebrated the Suzhou collector’s 54th birthday. Huangfu Fang (1503–82) composed a birthday song that Wen Jia wrote on the scroll. The painting depicts a scholarly gathering with blunt brushstrokes reminiscent of Shen zhou. It incorporates a deliberate creation of spatial ambiguity through a slanted horizon to the left of the background mountain mass. This device represents a new direction in painting and anticipates the distortions employed by Dong Qichang and Wang Yuanqi. Although the Wu school tradition declined during the late 16th century, there were certain innovations that were continued by later artists, particularly those active in the area of Songjiang. Wen Jia epitomized the typical scholar–artist active within his circle as a poet, calligrapher, painter and connoisseur. --DOA", + "date": "1501 - 1583", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangGuangyi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Guangyi", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Harbin, Heilongjiang province; studied Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou, 1984.", -"date": "b. 1956", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenShu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wen, Shu", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w27s45 Alternate names: Wen Shu, 文淑 Ming dynasty One of the most important women painters of the Ming dynasty. Member of prestigious Wen family in Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Daughter of Wen Congjian, a landscape painter and descendant of Wen Zhenming. Shu married Zhao Lingzhun, a descedant of an equally distinguished family that included Zhao Mengfu (husband of Guan Daosheng). The families lived in "refined retirement." Shu began to paint after the Zhao family fortunes declined, possibly to help support the family. A skilled painter of flowers, rocks, pines, insects, and figures, she soon gained a reputation and was teaching as well as selling her work. Her daughter painted orchids and bamboo. --Weidner ", + "date": "1595 - 1634", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangGuanqing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Guanqing", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. alternate name: 汪观清", -"date": "born 1931", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenTao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wen, Tao", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1931-1949 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981;. born in Meixian, Guangdong Province", + "date": "1908-1950", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangGuxiang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Guxiang", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25g35x25 Alternate names: Wang Ku-hsiang, 王穀祥 Ming dynasty From Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Painted flowers and birds. Inscriptions. --Seymour", -"date": "1501 - 1568", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenTong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wen, Tong", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w27t36 Alternate names: Wen T'ung, 文同 Song dynasty (b Zitong, Sichuan Province, 1018; d Wanqiu, Chenzhou [modern Huaiyang], Henan Province, 1079). Chinese scholar and painter. He is associated with the establishment of ink-bamboo painting as a major genre of literati painting. From an educated Confucian family in Sichuan Province in the south-west, Wen was a diligent student of the classics and on attaining the title of jinshi in the national-level civil-service examination of 1049 ranked fifth out of 500. Despite his erudition and talent, however, he never served in high government positions, spending much of his career as a civil functionary in Sichuan and Shaanxi provinces, away from the fast-paced manoeuvrings of party politics in the capital, Bianliang (modern Kaifeng, Henan Province). Wen’s gentle and unassuming character was most comfortable in the solitude of nature, where he found the embodiment of his personal ideals in nature’s ‘gentleman’ ( junzi), bamboo (see China, §V, 3(vi)). As a painter of bamboo, which he claims to have painted as a means of self-cultivation in his pursuit of the Dao (‘way’), Wen earned lasting fame. Wen’s close friend and cousin, Su shi, the eminent statesman, poet and art theorist of the late 11th century, was instrumental in bringing attention to Wen. The narrative accounts of Wen’s paintings of bamboo by Su Shi and his brother Su Che (1039–1112) are among the most compelling descriptions of the creative act in Chinese literature. Following clearly prescribed models from an early philosophical work, the Zhuangzi, they liken Wen to Cook Ding and Wheelwright Bian, craftsmen who attained the Dao through absolute mastery of their métier. However, the personal identification of Wen with his subject—bamboo—is a new twist and a key element in the developing literati theory of the arts, which sought to establish painting’s potential for revealing the personality of the artist (see China, §V, 4(ii)). Two large and related hanging scrolls in ink on silk (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus. and Guangzhou, A.G.) best exemplify Wen Tong’s ink-bamboo. Both represent a large and weathered branch of bamboo dipping and rising in an inverted S-curve and recall Su Shi’s descriptions of Wen’s bent bamboo, the strange shapes of which are caused by the constrictions of the gulley where it grows, a fitting image of the ideal Confucian gentleman who bends without yielding. Nearer and further leaves are distinguished by gradations in ink tone, in keeping with a detailed account of Wen’s technique by the contemporary critic Mi Fu, and the marvellous sense of organic development accords well with Su Shi’s descriptions of Wen engaged in the creative act. Wen is credited with being the founder of the ink-bamboo tradition. His followers were numerous; they are collectively designated the Huzhou school of bamboo painting, after Wen’s final assignment as governor of Huzhou in Zhejiang Province. --DOA", + "date": "1018 - 1079", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangHai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Hai", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese painter, graduated 1982 from the Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts; moved to Hong Kong in 1988", -"date": "b. 1955", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenZhengming", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wen, Zhengming", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w27z43m37 Alternate names: Wen Cheng-ming, 文徵明 Ming dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 1470; d Suzhou, 1559). Painter and calligrapher. He was considered one of the Four Masters of the Ming period (1368–1644), along with Shen Zhou, Tang Yin and Qiu Ying. The most famous member of the second generation of Wu school artists, he profoundly influenced later painters. He was remarkable for his individuality as well as for the variety and range of his creativity. Although he was a thorough and diligent student, Wen Zhengming repeatedly failed the national examinations, the third level of civil service examinations. Finally, a local governor recommended him to a post in Beijing, where he lived from 1523 to 1527, working in the Hanlin Academy (see China, §V, 4(i)(d) ) on the history of the Zhengde period (1506–21). Disillusioned by life in politics, he returned to Suzhou to become the focus of its artistic community. Wen was deeply immersed in the study of the past. In common with his teacher, Shen Zhou, he drew on the works of the Yuan period (1279–1368) scholar-painters for inspiration, including the Four Masters of the Yuan: Huang gongwang, Wu zhen, Ni zan and Wang meng. The Yuan master Zhao Mengfu (see Zhao, (1) ) exercised the most pervasive influence on Wen, and he also studied earlier styles of the Tang (ad 618–906) and Song (960–1279) periods. The wealth of material available in Suzhou collections made all this feasible. Once he was totally familiar with these earlier styles, Wen reworked them to incorporate his own distinctive style, frequently expressing his awareness of history through inscriptions on his paintings. He specialized in garden scenes, which were often depictions of particular places in Suzhou; trees, especially pine, cypress and juniper (see fig.); mountainscapes with an emphasis on rocks; commemorations of scholarly events such as journeys or departures; and illustrations of literature. He typically worked with refined, precise brushstrokes combined to form a complex surface pattern. As a literati painter (see China, §V, 4(ii) ), he sought to express his own personality in his work, and his highly controlled intellect is always apparent behind the painting. In Summer Retreat in the Eastern Grove (handscroll, ink on paper, c. 1512; New York, Met.), Wen combined the three traditional arts of a scholar: poetry, calligraphy and painting. At the end of the painting he wrote one poem in running script (xingshu) in the style of Huang tingjian, a second poem in cursive script (caoshu) in the style of Huaisu as transmitted by Huang Tingjian, and a third poem in running script in the style of Su shi. His selection reveals his good taste and skill in the styles of these earlier masters. The cool, precise painting is in the mode of Ni Zan. The composition is orderly and clear; the forms do not touch the lower edge of the scroll and are thus set back from the viewer. Clusters of rocks are placed along a subtle diagonal, leading the viewer from the lower right to upper left, and are topped by a few sparsely foliated trees. These motifs, along with the empty pavilion, are reminiscent of Ni Zan’s work. The austerity of the composition is reiterated by the economy of brushwork: there is nothing superfluous. Wen succeeded in capturing a fresh, cool garden scene through his keen comprehension of artistic antecedents. Master’s Liu’s Garden (hanging scroll, ink and colour on paper, 1543; New York, Marie Hélène and Guy Weill priv. col.) exemplifies a later treatment of the garden theme. This extraordinarily finely painted image was done for a friend, Liu Lin (1474–1561), who had just retired from government service. Wen painted a garden retreat based on ones already existing in Suzhou in anticipation of what his friend would probably construct. Two crossed willows invite the viewer across the water to enter the thatched gate and then back through the V-shaped arrangement of trees towards the lofty pavilion, where a scholar entertains a visitor. At the upper left Wen brushed a poem and dedication in standard script (kaishu), referring to the delightful view and peaceful atmosphere. The brushwork is soft and lyrical, with delicate pastel colouring: warm brown washes describe earth forms and tree trunks; pale blue and ink dots define the foliage. By contrast, in A Thousand Cliffs Vying in Splendour there is a palpable sense of movement created by tilting, twisting forms. Within the constricted limits of the scroll, Wen piled rock on rock to build up a richly patterned mountainscape inspired by considerations of formal design rather than verisimilitude. The composition is densely packed, and the drawing is firm and incisive rather than soft and feathery. In the foreground two scholars sit enjoying the nearby pool and waterfall. Several trees connect this with the overwhelming mountain in the background; there is no view into the distance to offer relief. The mountain itself is constructed of rock masses topped by small pines in the mode of Huang Gongwang. The tightly controlled composition and strong brushwork make this commanding work one of Wen’s masterpieces. Wen made repeated use of the motifs of pine, cypress and juniper, which have particular connotations of the perpetual struggle of the human will (see fig.). In Old Cypress and Rock (Gubo tu; handscroll, ink on paper, c. 1550; Kansas City, MO, Nelson–Atkins Mus. A.) Wen exploited the complex design of the cypress in its echoing of the shape of the rock. The range of ink tones from soft, wet grey to dense, dry black is astonishing; the virtuoso brushwork, based on calligraphic technique, alludes to Zhao Mengfu. As in A Thousand Cliffs Vying for Splendour, there is little three-dimensional space: Wen emphasized the flat, decorative pattern of the forms. The painting and its ten accompanying poems express wishes for a quick recovery from illness of the poet, playwright and calligrapher Zhang Fengy (1527–1613). The cypress symbolizes perseverance, the promise of youth and the healing powers inherent in the plant. Typical of classical scholars of the 16th century, Wen was a prolific poet. Much of his output reflects the formal grace of poetry masters of the Tang and Song dynasties, and it is rich in the visual imagery of landscapes and the changing seasons. Renowned also as a connoisseur, Wen was frequently called on to authenticate new additions to Suzhou collections, and he conducted careful research into the history of painting. Although his writing was refined and meticulous, it never attained the same stature as his painting and calligraphy. His collected writings were published in 1543 in Futian ji (‘Extensive fields collection’). As a youth Wen Zhengming was a poor calligrapher, but he practised diligently and eventually he and his life-long friend Zhu Yunming were recognized as the two greatest calligraphers of the Ming period. Not only did Wen write in the modern script types of regular (kaishu), running (xingshu) and cursive (caoshu), but as part of his exploration of the past he also wrote in the archaic seal (zhuanshu) and clerical (lishu) scripts. During his years as an official in Beijing, Wen brushed poems on a suitably impressive imperial scale. In Waiting upon the Emperor’s Return from the Southern Suburbs (Gonghou dajia huan zi nanjiao; hanging scroll, ink on paper; New York, Met.) Wen used formal imagery and large, blocky standard script characters to please the emperor. The style is derived from the great Song-period calligrapher Huang Tingjian, with the emphatic use of the diagonal ‘oar stroke’. During his own lifetime Wen was best known for his small regular script (xiao kaishu) based on that of Wang Xizhi (see Wang (i), (1) ); Lu Ji’s The Art of Letters (Lu Ji Wenfu; handscroll, ink on paper, 1544–7; New York, Met.) offers a neat and precise example of this. It is marked by a stable, systematic composition and well-balanced proportions. The full-bodied characters are accentuated by sharp points, and the thinning and thickening strokes impart a lithe rhythm. Wen’s free and spontaneous running script is represented in a series of letters to his family (1523; Lyme, NH, Mr and Mrs Wan-go H. C. Weng priv. col.) and a letter to Hua Yun (1549; New York, Met). Both are imbued with informal natural rhythms and written with an exposed brush tip (lufeng; see China, §IV, 1 ). Wen had two styles of cursive script: one was lean and firm, based on Wang Xizhi, to which Wen contributed angularity and tapering finishing strokes; the other, freer style combined elements from Huaisu and Huang Tingjian. The Huangting jing (handscroll, ink on paper, 1558; Lyme, NH, Mr and Mrs Wan-go H. C. Weng priv. col.), a Daoist scripture that discusses the nourishment of the human body, is a rare example of Wen’s seal script, in which he re-created the style of the late 8th-century ad calligrapher Li Yangbing. --DOA", + "date": "1470-1559", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangHuaiqing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Huaiqing", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese painter and printmaker, attended the Central Academy of Fine Arts; sent to labor camp in the Cultural Revolution; member of the progressive painting society known later as the Contemporaries, formally established in 1979", -"date": "b. 1944", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenZhijiang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wen, Zhijiang", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Wen Chih-chiang ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangHuanqing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Huanqing", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter, one of founders of an artist group called the Rice and Sheep Painting Society (Miyang huahui) in resistance to traditional literati culture. They called for a return to primitive and folk art traditions while searching for the root of the "wild freedom" (yexing de ziyou) of humankind. ", -"date": "b. 1958", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WengFen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Weng, Fen", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist, born in Hainan, alternate name: Weng Pijun; lives and works in Haikou.", + "date": "b. 1961", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangHuaxiang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Huaxiang", -"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Daijiagou, Guizhou province", -"date": "born 1962", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WengYizhi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Weng, Yizhi", + "comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese artist ", + "date": "b. 1921", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangHuiII", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Hui (II)", -"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese artist, born Liaoning Province, graduated 1968 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, often collaborated artistically with Liu Chunhua.", -"date": "b. 1943", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenjilaTatanka", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wenjila, Tatanka", + "comment": "Laubin, Reginald and Gladys; Indian Tipi: Its History, Construction and Use, 2nd edition, Norman, OK; London: University of Oklahoma Press, 1977. illustrator", + "date": "20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangHuiII", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Hui (I)", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25h42 Alternate names: Wang Hui, 王翬 Qing dynasty (b Changshu County, Jiangsu Province, 1632; d Changshu County, 1717). Chinese painter. He was one of the group of painters of the early Qing period (1644–1911) known as the Four Wangs; the others were Wang Shimin, Wang Jian and Wang Yuanqi (see also Orthodox school). Wang Hui came from a family of painters, and his own career began in 1651, when he was discovered by Wang Jian and became the pupil of the latter and of Wang Shimin. Wang jian and Wang Shimin (see Wang (ii), (1)) taught landscape painting according to the methods advocated by Dong qichang, who in his theory of a Southern school had attempted to reconstruct the whole history of literati painting. Dong emphasized Yuan-period (1279–1368) recluse painters such as Wu Zhen and Huang Gongwang, who brought landscape painting to a pre-eminent position among the subjects preferred by the literati. Through nature, as experienced by the landscape artist, ideas on the workings of the universe were expressed, in a manner, moreover, that distinctively revealed the character of the individual (see fig.). Under the guidance of Wang Shimin and Wang Jian, Wang Hui sought to paint works that were ‘transformations’ of classical styles. However, whereas his masters had principally followed the brush style of the great late-Yuan masters Huang gongwang and Wang meng, Wang Hui developed his own transformations of the styles of virtually all the principal Song (960–1279) and Yuan masters. His creation of a ‘Grand Synthesis’ (da cheng) of Song and Yuan landscape styles was made possible by his study of the many ancient masterpieces in Wang Shimin’s personal collection and his creation of a particular brush idiom for each style. Wang Shimin himself had reproduced a number of such paintings from his own collection, on a reduced scale, in the albums Xiaozhong xianda (‘The great revealed through the small’; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus., and Shanghai Mus.), and Wang Jian imitated him. In such works, repetition of strokes not only reproduces the appearance of the older style, whether in ink monochrome or colour, on paper or silk, but also reveals the forces immanent in the landscape, which previously were hidden and grasped only through an indefinable sense of ‘life-motion’. The meaning of such concepts as ‘dragon-veins’ (longmo) is conveyed with startling clarity by these repeated brushstrokes. Certain elements in paintings are repeated, including particular kinds of trees, rocks or other natural or manmade elements of landscape. Appropriate patterns of texture strokes (cun) were used to distinguish one style from another. A single artist such as Wang Hui would display a variety of Song and Yuan landscape styles within the compass of a series of ten or twelve album leaves, contained within an accordion mounting (see Album, §1), and usually concluding with a winter scene. Generally, the stylistic origin of each leaf or scene is briefly indicated in the artist’s inscription; such albums must have served a useful purpose as a succinct overview of the history of Chinese painting. For some of these album series, Wang Hui cooperated with his exact contemporary Yun shouping, creating a brilliant alternation of landscape and floral subjects, as in the album Flowers and Landscapes (1672; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). Wang Hui worked for almost 30 years under the direction of the two elder Wangs, reaching his prime during the 1670s and 1680s. Paintings such as the handscroll Taihang shanse (‘Colours of Mt Taihang’; 1669; Princeton U., NJ, A. Mus.), with a title added by Wang Shimin, typify his achievement. He was so successful in following the classic landscape styles that some of his works were passed off as original Song or Yuan paintings; his Travellers (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), for example, was long attributed to Fan Kuan. The critical apparatus of connoisseurship originated only with the theories of Dong Qichang, and thus Wang Hui’s paintings, in which concepts such as ‘dragon-veins’ and ‘breath-force’ were made visible, corresponded point for point with contemporary understanding of ancient paintings. The deaths of Wang Jian (1677), Wang Shimin (1680) and Yun Shouping (1690) must have deprived Wang Hui of his accustomed encouragement and example. Resident in Beijing, he continued to paint prolifically for the court, but in a manner less varied than that of his earlier works. His paintings from this period reflect a preference for a manner derived from the Yuan master Wang Meng, although some titles, such as Landscape after Yan Wengui and Juran (long handscroll, 1713; Princeton U., NJ, A. Mus.), acknowledge a debt to earlier painters. Under the Kangxi emperor (reg 1662–1722) Wang Hui directed the team that created the great series of outsize handscroll paintings, the Nanxun tu (‘Paintings of southern progress’; Beijing, Hist. Mus. and New York, Met.), recording imperial tours of inspection in the south, for which his long experience of organizing complex compositions with myriad details must have stood him in good stead. However, it is impossible to identify Wang’s individual contribution to such collaborative works. --DOA", -"date": "1632 - 1717", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WennerbergBrynolf", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wennerberg, Brynolf", + "comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", + "date": "1866-1950", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangJian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Jian", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25j26 Alternate names: Wang Chien, 王鑑 Qing dynasty b Taicang, Jiangsu Province, 1598; d 1677). Chinese painter. He was one of the group of painters of the early Qing period (1644–91) known as the Four Wangs; the others were Wang Shimin, Wang Hui and Wang Yuanqi. The Four Wangs are credited with establishing the principles of the Orthodox school as inspired by Dong Qichang. Wang Shimin was Wang Jian’s friend and, being six years senior, his mentor. Both artists came from prominent families in Taicang but were unrelated. Wang Jian was the great-grandson of the famous collector Wang Shizhen and inherited his collection of paintings. Owing to his distinguished ancestry, under the Chongzhen emperor (reg 1628–44), Wang Jian was appointed to the government post of Prefect of Lianzhou in Guangdong Province, from which his hao, ‘Lianzhou’, derives. He served only briefly, however, and lived the rest of his life in retirement. Wang Jian’s writings, largely in the form of inscriptions on paintings by his colleagues and protégés, such as Wang Hui, are frequently concerned with Dong Qichang’s theory of the Southern school, asserting the legitimacy of the Orthodox lineage and castigating contemporaries for their decadent artistic practices. The most serious charge levelled at ‘degenerate’ painters, by both Wang Jian and Wang Shimin, is that they failed to follow the old masters who form the basis for Southern school theory, particularly the Four Masters of the Yuan (1279–1368), Huang Gongwang, Wu Zhen, Ni Zan and Wang Meng. Not surprisingly, landscape albums in the styles of the old masters comprise a large part of Wang Jian’s output. At his most impressive, in his early and middle periods, he was capable of a higher level of technical skill and a greater textural richness than Wang Shimin (see Wang (ii), (1)), but in his late period he resorted to a similar formulaic monotony. Wang Jian was one of the most ‘painterly’ of the early Qing masters, combining a restrained use of colour with sensitive brushwork to create landscape scenes that go beyond simple imitation of his chosen models. Wang Jian’s earliest surviving works date to the late 1640s; thereafter, he was prolific. The ten-leaf Album of Landscapes in Old Styles (1648; Berkeley, U. CA, A. Mus.) exemplifies his originality in reworking established motifs. The first leaf is inscribed ‘in the manner of Huichong’ in reference to the 11th-century monk–painter and in composition is typical of the Northern Song (960–1127) painter Zhao Lingrang; by the later part of the Ming (1368–1644) and early Qing, the styles of these two painters had been conflated. The leaf features the standard thatched hut and mist-enshrouded willows, but Wang introduces a human touch by depicting a departing guest looking back as an expression of affection for his host. Although Wang Jian’s painting became increasingly repetitive in his later period, his eye for colour and the delicacy of his brushwork remained apparent in his most engaging work. In album leaves in the style of Zhao Mengfu (see Zhao, (1)), he reproduces Zhao’s use of yellow–orange and warm green, a variant of the warm–cool or Gold-and-green ( jinbi) idiom that in the Yuan period became popular with Southern school painters, and combines it with touches of blue and red on the foreground trees and bushes. A similar colour scheme appears in White Clouds on the Xiao and Xiang Rivers, after Zhao Mengfu (1668; see fig.). This is an outstanding example of Wang’s many hanging-scroll landscapes in canonical styles, all with essentially the same composition: a river flanked by tall hills, a recession into the middle distance at one side, trees and houses, and a steep ridge rising to a central mountain. Wang notes that he once saw a Zhao Mengfu painting with the same title that ‘followed completely’ the style of Dong Yuan, this representing another step in the perpetuation of the Orthodox lineage. The power of Wang’s work relies as much on the muscular interaction of land masses as it does on the felicity and elegance of particular brushstrokes, that is on the general conception of forms, as well as their execution. The representation of the hillside in the central portion, with its serpentine ridges and compartmentalized, jutting bluff, has only enough in common with the natural world to allow recognition. In keeping with the Orthodox method, the composition is determined not by fidelity to the scenery of a specific locale but by a system of aesthetic formal rules governing placement and balance of landscape elements. In essays on the painting of landscape by Dong Qichang, Zhao Zuo, Wang Yuanqi and others are allusions to the Chinese metaphysical concepts of geomancy ( fengshui: ‘wind and water’). A mountain, for example, is seen as a ‘dragon in motion’, with matter-energy (qi) coursing through it. Such ideas aid an appreciation of Wang Jian’s dynamic middle-ground masses, their definition and activation of ‘habitable’ space, and his contrast of a still imposing peak in the distance with the nearer shore. --DOA", -"date": "1598 - 1677", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenzelTill", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wenzel Till", + "comment": "Hiesinger, Kathryn Bloom; Art Nouveau in Munich: Masters of Jugendstil from the Stadtmuseum, Munich, and Other Public and Private Collections, Philadelphia, Munich: Philadelphia Museum of Art, Prestel-Verlag, 1988. corporation, Munich", + "date": "before 1897", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangJianwei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Jianwei", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Suining, Sichuan Province; graduated 1988 from the Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou.; lives and works in Beijing.", -"date": "b. 1958", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WergerArt", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Werger, Art", + "comment": "Acton, David; Sixty Years of North American Prints: 1947-2007, Boston: Boston Printmakers, 2009. American musician, juggler and printmaker", + "date": "born 1955", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangJianzhang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Jianzhang", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25j26z36 Alternate names: Wang Chien-chang, 王健章 Ming dynasty Landscapes in the style of Dong Yuan. Buddhist figures after Li Gonglin. --Seymour", -"date": "ca. 1625 - 1650", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WerkstattEisenlöffel", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Werkstatt Eisenlöffel", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "active ca. 1903", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangJin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Jin", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. b. Shanxi province, PRC Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou, 1987", -"date": "b. 1962", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WerkstattfurMassenform", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Werkstatt fur Massenform", + "comment": "Chicago Daily Tribune; International Competition for a New Administration Building for the Chicago Tribune, Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune, 1923. ", + "date": "active ca. 1920", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangJiping", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Jiping", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WerkstättefürGraphischeKunstStuttgart", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Werkstätte für Graphische Kunst, Stuttgart", + "comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangJue", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Jue", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangJunJieh", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Jun-Jieh", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Taipei, resides in Berlin and Taipei; educated at Chinese Culture University, Taipei, 1989, and Hochschule der Kunste, Berlin, 1996.", -"date": "born 1963", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WernerAntonAlexandervon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Werner, Anton Alexander von", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangJuzheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Juzheng", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. alternate spelling: Wang Chu-Cheng", -"date": "mid 11th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangKe", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Ke", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WernickSam", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wernick, Sam", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangKeping", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Keping", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Born in Beijing, PRC; participant in the 1979 unathorized exhibition of the 'Stars' movement outside the National Museum of Fine Arts in Beijing, also the second Stars exhibition in 1980; later settled in France.", -"date": "b. 1949", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangKun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Kun", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WesleyJohn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wesley, John", + "comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. ", + "date": "born 1944", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangLiangchen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Liangchen", -"comment": "Chugoku Bijutsu (Chinese Art in Western Collections, v.2), Tokyo: Kodansha Ltd, 1973. alternate name: 王良臣", -"date": "Ming Dynasty", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WestCoastLithographCo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "West Coast Lithograph Co.", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from original printed materials donated by Tom Cherrytree, Eugene, Oregon.. ", + "date": "active ca. 1960s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangLiuqiu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Liuqiu", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. alternate name: 王流秋", -"date": "born 1919", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WestermannHC", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Westermann, H. C.", + "comment": "Fineberg, Jonathan. Art since 1940 : strategies of being. New York : Prentice Hall : H.N. Abrams, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangLiyong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Liyong", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25l32y33 Alternate names: Wang Li-yung, 王利用 Song dynasty From Shaanxi province. Calligraphy. Painted landscapes and figures. --Seymour", -"date": "first half 12th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangLizhi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Lizhi", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WestfalenArnoldvon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Westfalen, Arnold von", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. architect", + "date": "active late 15th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangLu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Lu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25l328 Alternate names: Wang Lu, 王履 Ming dynasty", -"date": "1332 - after 1383", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WetherillThomas", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wetherill, Thomas", + "comment": "Garvan, Beatrice B.; Federal Philadelphia, 1785-1825: the Athens of the Western World, Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1987. ", + "date": "died 1824", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangMai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Mai", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Yichun, Heilongjiang Province; lives and works in Beijing.", -"date": "b. 1972", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WetmoreGeorgePeabody", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wetmore, George Peabody", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. US Senatore from RI", + "date": "1846-1921", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangMeng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Meng", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25m29 Alternate names: Wang Meng, 王蒙 Yuan dynasty (b Wuxing, Zhejiang Province, c. 1308; d 1385). Chinese landscape painter, poet and scholar–official. He is traditionally ranked as one of the Four Masters of the Yuan, with Huang gongwang, Ni zan and Wu zhen. He was the leading figure in the development of a type of landscape that blended monumental, powerful visual presence with complex, ambiguous structures evocative of mental states and personal situations. Later generations of artists painted landscapes in imitation of Wang Meng, creating an image of his style that at times has obscured his own achievement and identity. Wang Meng was born into an eminent family of scholars, artists and officials. His father, Wang Guoqi (1284–c. 1366), was a poet, calligrapher and connoisseur; his maternal uncle was the painter–official Zhao Yong, and his maternal grandfather was Zhao Mengfu, the leading painter and calligrapher of the early part of the Yuan period (1279–1368). Little is known of Wang Meng’s early life except that he had a talent in poetry. Family connections were probably crucial in his securing an introduction into cultured circles. Wang moved to Mt Huanghe near Hangzhou, from which derives his literary name, Huanghe Shanqiao (‘Fuel gatherer of Mt Huanghe’), and embarked on a career as a painter, perhaps in the early 1340s, although no genuine works survive from this period. He also travelled widely in nearby areas of south-eastern China, including Suzhou and Wuxi (Jiangsu Province) and Songjiang (in modern Shanghai Municipality), visiting famous sites, attending literary gatherings and becoming acquainted with the leading writers and painters of the day. Wang Meng’s Secluded Dwellings in Summer Mountains (1354; hanging scroll, ink on silk; Washington, DC, Freer; see fig. 1) is representative of his early style. Features suggesting the influence of Zhao Mengfu (see Zhao, (1)) include the schematic river landscape composition, simplified figural and architectural details and the systematic use of ‘hemp-fibre strokes’ ( pima cun) for texturing rocks and mountains, a technique associated with the 10th-century painters Dong yuan and Juran. The centralized, frontal composition and rich, multi-layered spatial complexity are Wang Meng’s own innovations. Fisherman–recluse at Huaqi (vertical scroll, ink and light colours on paper; Taipei N. Pal. Mus.), probably of later date, is similar in style. Both works are preoccupied with the theme of reclusion and withdrawal, echoed in the stylistic retreat to a manner already centuries old. Wang Meng’s own attitude to political engagement is difficult to ascertain. There is evidence that he was a provincial prosecutor (liwen) in the late Yuan period; he may have had the post as early as the 1340s, serving the Mongol rulers as did many of his maternal relatives. His withdrawal to Mt Huanghe perhaps marked a severance of that service and a response to the stirrings of military uprisings that began to affect south-eastern China at that time. Wang Meng painted his most historically important and powerful works in the 1360s, a decade of social and political upheaval in south-east China, during which Mongol authority was displaced. He was often in Suzhou at this period—he participated in a literary gathering there in 1365, with Ni Zan, Gao Qi (1336–74), Yao Guangxiao (1335–1418), Zhang Yu (1333–85) and others—and perhaps, like many cultural figures, served in the rebel administration of Zhang Shicheng (1321–67) based in the city. Issues of loyalty and affiliation, and of involvement versus withdrawal, were particularly pressing in such an environment. Though Wang’s paintings of the 1360s have no overt political content, the political situation constitutes a subtext to his increasingly powerful pictorial representation of themes of reclusion. His landscapes of the mid-1360s share an exploitation of tonal contrast for dramatic effect. In reflection of 10th- and 11th-century landscape styles, especially that of Guo Xi, they have powerful, monumental mountainscape compositions and are preoccupied with the cycle of the seasons. At a time characterized by an intellectual, almost diagrammatic reworking of the past, Wang’s paintings derive their individualism from the investing of monumental themes with personal expression. Wang’s Spring Plowing at the Mouth of the Valley (vertical scroll, ink on paper; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) probably dates to the early 1360s. There is a crowding of forms (to become more pronounced in later works), a soft chiaroscuro and use of the Dong Yuan–Juran ‘hemp-fibre’ idiom. The ostensibly bucolic theme is tempered by hints of structural ambiguities and the somewhat disquieting constriction of pathways through the landscape. These aspects are developed in Lofty Recluses in Summer Mountains (1365, vertical scroll; ink and colours on silk; Beijing, Pal. Mus.), in which the breadth of the scene, the complexity of subsidiary forms and pathways, an almost total closure of the background and a dark tonal range create an effect verging on the oppressive, at odds with the theme of quiet summer seclusion. Ge Hong Moving his Residence probably dates to the same period. It is notable for its explicit narrative theme, that of the 4th-century ad scholar–official Ge Hong late in life, after giving up government service, wandering with his family in search of alchemical knowledge, appropriate to the sense of uprootedness felt at the end of the Yuan. There is a contrast with the images of quiet domesticity of Wang’s early landscapes. In this painting the cottages nestled in a distant valley are cut off by seemingly impassable terrain, composed largely of angular and deeply undercut blocky forms unusual for the period. Wang’s most powerfully complex image of the natural world is his Dwelling in Reclusion in the Qingbian Mountains (see fig. 2), which reflects on many of his earlier concerns: family relationships, social and political upheaval, pictorial sources of the past and eremitic withdrawal. It depicts a site near Wang’s home town of Wuxing that had been a family retreat as far back as the time of Zhao Mengfu, and it was probably done for a contemporary relative who was forced to flee from a retreat in the mountains in the military campaigns of mid-1366. The image of a shattered family refuge is portrayed in a mixed style, drawing on both the 10th-century southern style of Juran and the 11th-century northern style of Guo xi. Deliberate ambiguities of space, light and structure emphasize the idea of landscape as personal expression. A Refined Gathering among Forests and Streams (1367; vertical scroll; untraced) portrays, in a more unified style, an idyllic retreat set before a restrained, monumental landscape. The scene is limited to a few elements—stately pines, regularly shaped central cliffs—given impact by a consummate control of ink tone. In Reading in Spring Mountains (vertical scroll, ink on paper; Shanghai Mus.) a group of similar tall pines and central cliffs is enlivened by the leaning of the trees. After Zhu Yuanzhang founded the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) and became the Hongwu emperor (reg 1368–98), Wang Meng served briefly as sub-prefect magistrate in Taian, Shandong Province. Literary records note that at this period he executed a painting of Mt Tai in collaboration with the artist Chen Ruyan. Wang seems to have moved to the capital, Nanjing, c. 1371, where his activities were focused for the rest of his life. His association with Buddhist monks in Nanjing is recorded, but no reliable dated works from the period survive. However, a cluster of stylistically related works are distinguishable from his better documented early- and middle-period works: Forest Chamber Grotto at Juqu (vertical scroll, ink and colours on paper; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), Su’an Retreat (vertical scroll, ink and colours on paper; New York, C. C. Wang priv. col.), Buddhist Temple at Mt Taibo (handscroll, ink and colours on paper; Shenyang, Liaoning Prov. Mus.) and others. Characterized by a loosening of brushwork and pictorial structure consistent with works of later age, they share a rich texturing of forms with dynamic curling strokes and dots, a liberal use of colour and compositions crowded with relatively small-scale forms. Many depict studios, retreats or temples, often with Buddhist or Daoist associations. They lack the seasonal overtones and spatial grandeur of earlier works, as well as clearly definable stylistic references to earlier paintings. Wang Meng eventually fell victim to Hongwu’s paranoia, as had so many of his literati associates from the south-east. It was reported that he had visited the home of the prime minister Hu Weiyong, who was executed in 1380 for allegedly taking part in a plot to assassinate the Emperor. Wang was put in prison and died there in 1385. Wang Meng was the most prominent figure in a loose grouping of painters active in the late Yuan and early Ming periods, including Fang congyi, Chen ruyan and Xu Ben (d 1378), who depicted monumental mountainscapes crowded with dynamic and textured forms strongly indebted to 10th- and 11th-century painting. Wang’s version of the mode was the one most imitated by Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1911) artists. --DOA", -"date": "1308 - 1385", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WheelingPotteryCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wheeling Pottery Company", + "comment": "Blackwell, Lewis; Twentieth-Century Type, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1992. Company located in Wheeling , West Virginia", + "date": "late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangMian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Mian", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25m33 Alternate names: Wang Mien, 王冕 Yuan dynasty (b Zhuji, Shaoxing District, Zhejiang Province; d Kuaiji, in modern Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, 1359). Chinese poet and painter. He was the most influential master in the later momei (‘ink-plum’) tradition and the only early plum specialist with a substantial surviving oeuvre. Born into a modest family of the gentry, Wang, like many southern Chinese scholars under the Mongol Yuan dynasty (1279–1368), was thwarted in his ambition to enter official life. He became an eccentric itinerant, winning recognition as a scholar, poet and painter but failing to obtain sustained private or political patronage. He depended on painting plum blossoms for his living. In 1348, on returning south from the capital Dadu (modern Beijing), he predicted chaos and withdrew to Mt Jiuli. In 1359, shortly before his death, he emerged from seclusion to offer strategic advice to the rebel forces of Zhu Yuanzhang; Zhu later became the emperor Taizu (reg 1368–98), first ruler of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). A problematic figure in his own time, Wang was idealized by later scholars; he remains best known for his fictional role as a paragon of virtue in the 18th-century novel Rulin waishi (‘The scholars’). Wang was the pivotal figure in the development of the momei genre from classical Song (960–1279) practice to the later tradition that has endured into modern times (see China, §V, 3(vi)(c)). He created stylized plum branches with sweeping horizontal or vertical S-curves framing poetic inscriptions, as for example Ink Plum (New Haven, CT, Yale U. A. G.; see China, fig. 125). By joining pictorial and written elements in formal and expressive unity, he extended the subtlety and range of the genre and established its characteristic form. Wang’s large hanging scrolls feature new heroic images of massive, battered old trees with soaring young branches in full bloom. Because of traditional associations of plum blossoms with endurance and simplicity, and in conjunction with Wang’s vivid personality, such images became an emblem of integrity and survival in adversity. Wang’s works became the definitive stylistic and iconographic model for later momei painting, and his life inspired other scholar-painters who had to turn their literati accomplishments into their means of subsistence. Wang’s paintings survive in collections in Asia and the USA, including the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH; the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; the Shanghai Museum; the National Palace Museum, Taipei; the Palace Museum, Beijing; and the Imperial Household Collection, Tokyo. His poetry is collected in his Zhu zhai shiji (‘Poetry collection of the Bamboo Studio’). --DOA", -"date": "1287 - 1359", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhiddenandLewis", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Whidden and Lewis", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Portland, Oregon architecture firm formed by William M. Whidden and Ion Lewis in the early 20th century", + "date": "after 1888", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangNingde", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Ningde", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Liaoning Province; graduated 1995 from Luxun Art Institute; lives and works in Shenzhen and Guangzhou.", -"date": "b. 1972", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhiddenWilliamMarcy", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Whidden, William Marcy", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Portland, Oregon architect, born in Boston, graduated from M.I.T., worked for McKim, Mead and White, later formed the firm Whidden and Lewis with partner Ion Lewis.", + "date": "1857-1929", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangQi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Qi", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Chongqing; professor of the Central Academy of Fine Art, council member of the Chinese Artists' Association, vice-president and general secretary of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 王琦 ", -"date": "born 1918", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Whitcomb", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Whitcomb", + "comment": "Name used by John Reynolds, architect, Eugene, Oregon. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangQiang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Qiang", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province; member of the Hangzhou-based self-organized group called the Pool Society (Chishe), known for their biting sense of humor and absurdist spirit. ", -"date": "b. 1957", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhiteFrederickManson", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "White, Frederick Manson", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. American architect, worked in Portland, Oregon", + "date": "1863-1952", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangQihan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Qihan", -"comment": "Zhefu, Wu, Li Huishu and Zhou Yunjin ; Zhonghua wu qian nian wen wu ji kan. Song hua pian: I, Taipei: Zhonghua min guo, 1985. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhitePhilip", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "White, Philip", + "comment": "Morrison, Hugh; Early American Architecture From the First Colonial Settlements to the National Period, New York: Oxford University Press, 1952. ", + "date": "active 17th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangQingsong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Qingsong", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Hubei Province; graduated 1991 from the Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts, Chonqing, Sichuan; lives and works in Beijing.", -"date": "b. 1966", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhiteSydneyVictor", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "White, Sydney Victor", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangRusheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Rusheng", -"comment": "Realms of Faith, Kaikodo Journal, vol. 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangShen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Shen", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25s39 Alternate names: Wang Shen, 王詵 Song dynasty (b Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, c. 1046; d after 1110). Chinese connoisseur, collector and painter. Son-in-law of the Northern Song emperor Yingzong (reg 1064–8), Wang collected old and modern paintings and writings about painting, thus acquiring a good knowledge of different styles. He also exchanged ideas about classical studies and aesthetics with his friend, the eminent writer and artist Su shi. He based his landscape paintings on two distinct modes: for the more serious and austere he used the monochrome ink style of Li cheng, and for the grand and lavish he took up the Blue-and-green (qinglü) manner of Li Sixun (see Li, (1)). Both styles exhibited the then prevalent idea of expressing the artist’s personal interpretation of nature’s force and spirit. Wang frequently included tiny figures of fishermen and gentlemen in his landscapes as an indication of man’s position in nature. He often portrayed misty rivers and valleys with massive mountains in the middle ground and background, and in the foreground heavy, wrinkled rocks, to which cling dry, writhing pine trees. His rivers or lakes usually twist among the rocks and mountains, as for example in Fishing Village in Light Snow (handscroll, ink and light colours on silk, 444×2197 mm; Beijing, Pal. Mus.), though a massif sometimes rises from a wider surface of water. Streams with waterfalls rive the mountains and become mixed with clouds and mists, and trees are scattered among the rocks. The texture of the mountains is suggested by dark and light brushstrokes, whereas their contours are executed in forceful, long and short calligraphical strokes. In some of Wang’s coloured paintings the blue and green colours are reduced to a minimum in order to highlight the central massif and to avoid spoiling the basic monochrome setting, as in a Cliff Folds up in the Yan River (452×1660 mm; Shanghai Mus.). --DOA", -"date": "1046 - after 1110", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhiteWA", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "White, W.A.", + "comment": "Menz, Christopher; Morris & Company: Pre-Raphaelites and the Arts and Crafts Movement in South Australia, Adelaide: Art Gallery of South Australia, 1994. ", + "date": "active ca. 1890-1906", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangShenglie", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Shenglie", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhiteheadPhilipBarrows", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Whitehead, Philip Barrows", + "comment": "WorldCat. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangShichang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Shichang", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25s43c35 Alternate names: Wang Shih-ch'ang, 王世昌 Ming dynasty From Shandong province. Painted landscapes and figures. --Seymour", -"date": "15th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhitehouseandFouilhoux", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Whitehouse & Fouilhoux", + "comment": "Ritz, Richard Ellison. Architects of Oregon: a bibliographical dictionary of architects deceased - 19th and 20th centuries. Portland, Oregon: Lair Hill Publishing, 2002.. Portland, Oregon architecture firm of Morris Homans Whitehouse and Jacques Andre Fouilhoux.", + "date": "1910-1919", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangShikuo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Shikuo", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. from Shangdong, artist and fine art educator; alternate name: 王式廓", -"date": "1911-1973", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhitehouseGeorge", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Whitehouse, George", + "comment": "Real Thing: An Anthology of British Photographs, 1840-1950, London: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1975. ", + "date": "active ca. 1900", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangShimin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Shimin", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25s43m36 Alternate names: Wang Shih-min, 王時敏 Qing dynasty (b Taicang, Jiangsu Province, 1592; d 1680). Painter, calligrapher and official. He travelled widely from an early age, accompanying his grandfather, Wang Xijue (1534–1611), on official missions. It was on one of these that he met the famous painter and art theorist Dong Qichang, who later tutored him in painting and calligraphy. Wang was fortunate not only in these propitious beginnings but also in being able to study at first hand works of the Song (960–1279) and Yuan (1279–1368) periods that comprised the renowned art collection of his grandfather. Among these were paintings by the four great masters of the Yuan period, Huang Gongwang, Wu Zhen, Ni Zan and Wang Meng. From c. 1624 to 1636 Wang was at the height of his fairly brief and unremarkable official career, becoming Keeper of the Seals and then sub-director of the Court of Sacrificial Worship. Illness forced him to retire in 1636, and, though summoned later to other official posts, he remained in retirement, painting, and tending his garden. During the 1620s and 1630s, as a number of dated works testify, the artist’s greatest source of inspiration was Huang Gongwang (e.g. Landscape after Huang Gongwang, 1638; New Haven, CT, Yale U. A.G.). Wang’s teacher, Dong Qichang, was so impressed by these paintings that on one of them he wrote, in 1627: ‘Mist and clouds fly by, the forest at the foot of the mountain is dark and dense. It really is a poem in images. Thirty years ago I saw this landscape; now it stands before my eyes afresh. I sit in the pavilion and wonder at this extraordinary achievement.’ Later Chinese critics, on the other hand, disparaged Wang’s work, accusing the painter of being so scrupulously faithful to his models that his transcriptions were, at best, uninspired and repetitive. Certainly Wang Shimin was less original than the innovative Dong Qichang or the more varied virtuoso Wang Hui. However, as is revealed by a much later painting in the Huang manner, Landscape in the Style of Huang Gongwang (see fig.), Wang was able to rearrange and transform past motifs, creating a landscape of extraordinary complexity with the simplest of means. Characteristic Huang elements such as flat-topped bluffs, mountain ridges and a dividing gorge have here been reduced to a series of repeated geometric units modelled and accentuated by rows and columns of dots (Chin. dian). Together with underlying contour lines, they are virtually the sole constituents of the composition. In one area, equally spaced horizontal strokes serve for the progression into distance of a path; in another, they emphasize the successive conical layers of the central ridge; elsewhere, applied more wetly and thickly, they become a cluster of trees: ‘Wang Shimin’s paramount concern is in the brush pattern and movement, in the variation between light and dark tones of ink, rather than in the description of detail’ (Whitfield, p. 40). The central mountain ridge follows the model of Huang’s Stone Cliff at the Pond of Heaven (1341; Beijing, Pal. Mus.), but whereas in Huang’s painting it begins as a mass of smaller units inclining to the right and then shifting to the left, buttressed by flat-topped precipices, in Wang’s painting the ridge becomes an uninterrupted bowlike curve topped with staccato tree trunks. The intelligence of the idea is striking rather than the brilliance of the art. The sheer number of paintings produced by Wang during a period of almost 50 years counters any notion that he relied exclusively on one model. In addition to Huang Gongwang, Wang cited in inscriptions on his paintings other masters such as Dong Yuan, Ni Zan, Juran and Mi Fu as sources for individual pictures. His inscriptions reveal that he was an accomplished calligrapher in the bafen (‘eight-tenths’) style, an elegant version of lishu (‘clerical script’; see China, §IV, 2(ii)). Wang Shimin’s pupils included the brilliant Wang Hui and his less illustrious friend Wu Li, as well as his own grandson (2) Wang Yuanqi. In 1677 Shimin presented Yuanqi with an album of reduced copies of early masterworks that he had owned, The Great Revealed in the Small (Xiaozhong xianda; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), which he had made when economic necessity had forced him to sell the original paintings. Dong Qichang’s inscriptions were reproduced on the pages facing the paintings. The album, with its many works in the styles of the ancients (particularly those designated appropriate models by Dong), became an important source book for Orthodox school masters. --DOA", -"date": "1592 - 1680", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhitehouseMorrisH", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Whitehouse, Morris H.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangShishen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Shishen", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25s43s39 Alternate names: Wang Shih-shen, 汪士慎 Qing dynasty Eight Eccentrics: Term coined in the late 19th century for a group of artists active in the 18th century in Yangzhou Province. More than eight artists have been identified with the group and their uniting characteristic, despite the designation ‘eccentric’, is somewhat debated. They include Jin nong, Luo ping, Wang Shishen, Gao qipei, Huang shen, Gao Xiang, Hua yan, Gao fenghan, Ming Zhen, Zheng xie, Li Gangying, Li shan and Qin Long. Wang Shishen (1686–1759) came from Shexian in Anhui Province and produced blossoming plum pictures with strange compositions and oddly wavering brushlines. --DOA", -"date": "1686 - 1759", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangShugu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Shugu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25s45g35 Alternate names: Wang Shu-ku, 王樹穀 Qing dynasty From Hangzhou. Painted figures. --Seymour", -"date": "1647 - ca. 1730", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhitehouseStantonandChurch", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Whitehouse, Stanton & Church", + "comment": "http://nwda.orbiscascade.org/ark:/80444/xv29419. During the early 1920s, Whitehouse practiced under the firm name of Morris H. Whitehouse, Architect. In 1926, the name was changed to Morris H. Whitehouse & Associates after he established a partnership with A. Glenn Stanton and Walter E. Church. Significant projects from this period include Temple Beth Israel, the United States Courthouse, and Multnomah Civic Stadium in Portland, Or. In 1932, the firm became known as Whitehouse, Stanton & Church, but Stanton left to start his own firm in 1935. ", + "date": "1932-1935", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangShuyi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Shuyi", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Bijie, Guizhou Province; specializes in print, Chinese painting, art review; alternate name: 王树艺", -"date": "1917-1999", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhitingRay", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Whiting, Ray", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangSu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Su", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25s57 Alternate names: Wang Su, 王素 Qing dynasty From Yangzhou, Jiangsu province. Painted figures. --Seymour", -"date": "1794 - 1877", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangWei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Wei", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Henan Province; member of the Chinese Artists' Association, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association, vice-president of Henan branch of the Chinese Artists' Association; alternate name: 王威", -"date": "born 1930", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhittelseyAustin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Whittelsey, Austin", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangWen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Wen", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25w27 Alternate names: Wang Wen, 王問 Ming dynasty Poet. Painted figures, flowers, birds, landscapes in Yuan tradition. Calligraphy in cursive script style. Inscriptions. --Seymour", -"date": "1479 - 1576", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangWu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Wu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25w32 Alternate names: Wang Wu, 王武 Qing dynasty From Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Pained landscapes, flowers, birds. Collector and connoisseur. --Seymour", -"date": "1632 - 1690", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhylandAnde", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Whyland, Ande", + "comment": "American century : art & culture. New York : Whitney Museum of American Art in association with W.W. Norton, c1999. vol. 2.. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangWuxie", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Wuxie", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangXiancheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Xiancheng", -"comment": "Suzhou Institute of Landscape Architectural Design; Suzhou gardens, Beijing: Zhongguo jian zhu gong ye chu ban she, 1999. ", -"date": "active ca. 1513-1550", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WickmanGustav", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wickman, Gustav", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Architect who is best known for his design of the village of Kiruna in National Romantic style, also influenced by stave church architecture, Lapp nomadic architecture and Shingle Style architecture.", + "date": "late 19th-early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangXianzhi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Xianzhi", -"comment": "Hasebe, Gakuji, Yoshiho Yonezawa and Yujiro Nakata; Shorai bijutsu (Genshoku Nihon no bijutsu v.29), 1971-1972. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WidmerD", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Widmer, D.", + "comment": "Berger, Ernst and Madeleine Gisler-Huwiler; Parthenon in Basel: Dokumentation Zum Fries, Mainz: Philip von Zabern, 1996. photographer", + "date": "active 1980s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangXingwei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Xingwei", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Shenyang, Liaoning Province; lives and works in Shanghai.", -"date": "b. 1969", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WiedornWilliamS", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wiedorn, William S.", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American landscape architect, studied at Cornell; worked in Boston, Cleveland and Florida before settling in New Orleans.", + "date": "1896-1988", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangXizhi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Xizhi", -"comment": "Possessing the past : treasures from the National Palace Museum, Taipei / Wen C. Fong, James C.Y. Watt, with contributions by Richard M. Barnhart ... [et al]. New York : Metropolitan Museum of Art : Distributed by H.N. Abrams, 1996. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WiegleyJeff", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wiegley, Jeff", + "comment": "Greene, Rachel; Internet Art, London: Thames & Hudson, 2004. ", + "date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangXun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Xun", -"comment": "Rawski, Evelyn S. and Jessica Rawson; China: The Three Emperors, 1662-1795, London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2005. ", -"date": "350-401", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WienerKeramik", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wiener Keramik", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. The artist studio "Wiener Keramik" (Viennese Ceramic) was founded by Powolny & Berthold Loeffler in 1906 (merged with Gmundner Keramik in 1913) and made Viennese ceramic works world famous. -- http://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/signed-wiener-keramik-munich-bacchus-by-powolny", + "date": "1906-1913", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangYin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Yin", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Jinan, Shandong Province; graduated 1988 from the Department of Fine Arts, Central Institute of Theater, Beijing.", -"date": "b. 1964", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WienerPorzellanmanufakturJosefBöck", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wiener Porzellanmanufaktur Josef Böck", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1828-1960", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangYingchun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Yingchun", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter", -"date": "b. 1942", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WienerWerkstätte", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wiener Werkstätte", + "comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. alt. name: Vienna Workshops", + "date": "1903-1932", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangYoushen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Youshen", -"comment": "China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. Chinese artist, born in Beijing; graduated from the Central Academy of Fine Arts", -"date": "b. 1964", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WiertzJupp", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wiertz, Jupp", + "comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", + "date": "1888-1939", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangYuanII", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Yuan (II)", -"comment": "Fong, Wen; Between Two Cultures: Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Chinese Paintings From the Robert H. Ellsworth Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; New Haven: Metropolitan Museum of Art; Yale University Press, 2001. ", -"date": "ca. 1862-1908", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilburCKeith", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wilbur, C. Keith", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangYuanqi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Yuanqi", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25y37q22 Alternate names: Wang Yüan-ch'i, 王原祁 Qing dynasty (b Taicang, Jiangsu Province, 1642; d 1715). Painter, art theorist and official, grandson of (1) Wang Shimin. Through Wang Shimin he inherited the teachings of the latter’s tutor, the late Ming-period (1368–1644) painter Dong qichang. Wang thus represented the culmination of a lineage of landscape painting, loosely corresponding to the literati tradition (see China, §V, 4(ii)), that stretched back to the 8th-century ad painter and poet Wang Wei. Wang achieved eminence in his official career, becoming a district magistrate and a censor and, in 1712, rising to the rank of Vice-president of the Board of Revenue. He became a member of the Hanlin Academy, the highest in the hierarchy of intellectual institutions centred on the court. He was in the service of the Kangxi emperor (reg 1662–1722), to whom in 1700 he became adviser on the imperial art collection. His impact on the art world of the early Qing period (1644–1911) therefore went beyond the products of his brush. He was a prolific editor and theorist: from c. 1705 he was editor-in-chief of the Peiwen zhai shuhuapu, the calligraphy and painting manual of the Peiwen (Kangxi experor’s) studio (published 1708), a massive compilation of excerpts from texts; he also wrote the theoretical essay Yuchuang manbi (‘Scattered notes at a rainy window’), the most comprehensive expression of the principles and working methods of the Orthodox school. Wang was equally successful as a painter and dominated the court academy during his later years. Wang Yuanqi was artistically precocious. His grandfather is reported to have observed, on seeing one of Wang’s youthful works, that the boy would surely surpass him and that he had grasped not only the form (style) of the great Yuan-period (1279–1368) landscape painter Huang gongwang but also his spirit. Wang drew artistic inspiration from the works of Huang and of Dong Qichang, both of whom he regarded as significant figures in the revival and transmission of literati ideals, in so far as they had transformed the styles of the Northern Song (960–1127) landscape painters Dong Yuan and Juran. In his own work Wang confined himself almost entirely to landscape studies, usually without figures (see fig.). Details such as buildings and bridges were reduced to a minimum and conventionalized. While stylistic development can be traced in his work, his typical compositions, usually depicting hills rising above a river with trees and houses on the shore, remained constant. Underpinning his landscapes were his theories of painting as set out in the Yuchuang manbi. The artist should begin with an inspiration, purging himself of ‘trite feelings’ and imagining the general composition before applying the brush. He must establish proportions, foreground and distance, dense and sparse areas and basic tonal values well in advance of the details. The painter’s purpose is not to create beautiful scenery nor to reproduce old compositions precisely, rather it is to capture the qishi (‘dynamic force’ or ‘spirit-momentum’, a term originally associated with calligraphy criticism; see China, §IV, 3), transferring the concept of kinetic energy inherent in calligraphy to the larger problems of pictorial composition. Wang used the term longmo (‘dragon vein’) to express the principal dynamic structure within a landscape. In the 17th century longmo referred to dragon-like (Chin. long) or serpentine compositional movements, built up with individual brushstrokes and connected by ‘arteries’ (mo) within these larger movements. The composition contained passages that ‘opened and closed’ (kaihe) and ‘rose and fell’ (qifu). The former clearly depicted open spaces, such as a long valley closed off at one end by a large and distant mountain; the latter could refer to a succession of hills or boulders, arranged one behind the other, the contours of which could be seen to rise and fall. The clear articulation of all these elements was the essence of a good painting. Wang believed that the painter, having mastered these principles, was capable of a creative synthesis, borrowing from the compositions of past masters but renewing and refreshing their ideas and methods. This insistence on individual creativity moved him beyond the more imitative antiquarian interests of Wang Shimin and Wang Jian, and closer to Dong Qichang’s concern with ‘encountering the spirit’ of earlier masters. One of his best-known landscapes is Wangchuan Villa, based on an engraving of 1617 of a legendary Wang Wei composition. The scene represented the quintessential domain of the scholar–recluse. Since only copies and popular ink rubbings from stone engravings of the 8th-century composition existed, Wang was free to improvise, using Wang Wei’s poems as a further source of inspiration. As he pointed out, the picture was more than a ‘physical likeness by a professional painter’. The detail illustrated preserves the general appearance of the engraving, particularly the tilt of the ground-plane and the disposition of trees and hills. However, Wang created a sharp contrast between empty expanses of water and plain and the vigorously outlined and textured rock forms. The interplay between dense and open areas creates a formal rhythm that continues simultaneously back into the distance and across the picture plane. Wang’s debt to Huang Gongwang is apparent in the rounded rocks piled one against the other in receding, roughly triangular configurations, and in the dry, wiry texture strokes (cun) defining the edges of the mountains. Intermittent cool tones for washes and dots recall the archaic Blue-and-green manner of the Tang period (ad 618–907). These are combined in places with warmer hues so that two distinct colour schemes emerge: the ‘cool’ manner of the Tang period and the ‘warm–cool’ idiom popular with literati painters from the Yuan period onwards. In his ability to work with limited conventional means, while remaining consistently original, Wang’s artistic contribution represents both a summation of Orthodox theory and an escape from the occasional banality of its adherents. Wang Yuanqi collaborated with other artists such as Daoji (e.g. Bamboo in Wind, 1691, Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) and had many followers, mostly in the court academy and among court officials; an exception was Huang Ding (1660–1730), who worked outside court circles. --DOA", -"date": "1642 - 1715", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangYun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Yun", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25y39 Alternate names: Wang Yün, 王雲 Qing dynasty Fom Jiangsu province. Painted figures in style of Qiu Ying. Landscapes after Song academics. --Seymour", -"date": "1652 - 1735", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilcoxHarriettElizabeth", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wilcox, Harriett Elizabeth", + "comment": "Raizman, David S. History of Modern Design. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2004. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangZhao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Zhao", -"comment": "Rogers, Howard and Sherman E. Lee; Masterworks of Ming and Qing Painting From the Forbidden City, Lansdale, PA: International Arts Council, 1988. one of the four great masters of the Zhe School", -"date": "early 16th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangZhaoDa", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Zhao Da", -"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese artist of the Cultural Revolution", -"date": "active ca. 1970", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilderJohnny", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wilder, Johnny", + "comment": "Ewald, Wendy; Portraits and Dreams: Photographs and stories by children of the Appalachians, London: Writers and Readers Publishing Cooperative Society Ltd., 1985. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangZhen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Zhen", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w25z42 Alternate names: Wang Chen, 王震 Modern From Zhejiang province. Worked in Shanghai. Painted landscapes, flowers, birds, animals, figures, Buddhist subjects. --Seymour", -"date": "1868 - 1938", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilhelmRichard", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wilhelm, Richard", + "comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. ", + "date": "born 1935", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangZhi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Zhi", -"comment": "Rotondo, Lisa E.; Chinese Revolutionary Woodcuts, 1935-1948: From the Herman Collection, Middletown (CT): Davison Art Center, 1984. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilkinsLizzie", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wilkins, Lizzie", + "comment": "Wildman, Stephen and John Christian; Edward Burne-Jones: Victorian Artist-Dreamer, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, distributed by Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1998. ", + "date": "active ca. 1896-1900", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangZiwei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Ziwei", -"comment": "China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. Chinese painter, graduated from the Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts in 1983; graphic designer in Shanghai.", -"date": "born 1963", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilkinsonBill", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wilkinson, Bill", + "comment": "Coleman, Elizabeth Ann; Genius of Charles James, New York: Brooklyn Museum, 1982. Fashion illustrator", + "date": "active ca. 1980", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WangZuXin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wang, Zu-Xin", -"comment": "Name derived from a website. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WillClark", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Will, Clark", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + "date": "1970s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WaräthiInnocenz", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Waräthi, Innocenz", -"comment": "Schütz, Bernard; Great Monasteries of Europe, English language edition, New York; London: Abeeville Press Publishers, 2004. ", -"date": "active 1720s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WillametteIronWorks", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Willamette Iron Works", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Foundry based in Portland, Oregon; was renamed Willamette Iron and Steel Works in 1904; ceased operation in 1990.", + "date": "1865-1904", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WardleandCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wardle and Company", -"comment": "Wildman, Stephen and John Christian; Edward Burne-Jones: Victorian Artist-Dreamer, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, distributed by Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1998. ", -"date": "1875-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WillardA", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Willard, A.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. New England printmaker", + "date": "mid 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WareandVanBrunt", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ware & Van Brunt", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Harvard graduates who formed an architectural firm based in Cambridge, Massachusetts.", -"date": "1864-1881", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WillhelmHengerSöhne", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Willhelm Henger Söhne", + "comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WarnerandSons", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Warner & Sons", -"comment": "Smith, Greg and Sarah Hyde; Walter Crane, 1845-1915: Artist, Designer, Socialist, London: Lund Humphries, in association with the Whitworth Art Gallery, University of Manchester. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WarnerLaMont", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Warner, LaMont", -"comment": "Tucker, Kevin; Gustav Stickley and the American Arts & Crafts Movement, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 2010. furniture designer for Gustav Stickley's Craftsman Workshops", -"date": "1876-1970", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamAandSSmee", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "William A. & S. Smee", + "comment": "Soros, Susan Weber; Secular Furniture of E. W. Godwin with Catalogue Raisonné, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999. ", + "date": "late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WarnerSillettandRamm", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Warner, Sillett and Ramm", -"comment": "Soros, Susan Weber; E.W. Godwin: Aesthetic Movement Architect and Designer, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999. Spitalfields manufacturing firm for silk textile design and production", -"date": "established 1870", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamCookeandSons", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "William Cooke & Sons", + "comment": "Whiteway, Michael; Christopher Dresser: A Design Revolution, London: V&A Publications, 2004. William Cooke & Sons was to prove the most prolific of Dresser’s wallpaper collaborations. Established in 1856, Cooke had a short manufacturing life, closing in 1893, but throughout was highly regarded for block and machine printing. From “Shock of the Old, 2004, pg.69", + "date": "1856-1893", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WarpinskiTerri", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Warpinski, Terri", -"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. ", -"date": "born 1955", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamFRossandCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "William F. Ross & Company", + "comment": "Meyer, Marilee Boyd; Inspiring Reform: Boston's Arts and Crafts Movement, Wellesley: Davis Museum and Cultural Center, 1997. Cambridge and East Cambridge, MA", + "date": "ca. 1904-1921", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WarrenandWetmore", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Warren and Wetmore", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. New York City-based architecture firm consisting of partners Whitney Warren and Charles Wetmore that had one of the most extensive practices of its time.", -"date": "1889-1938", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamHuttonandSonsLtd", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "William Hutton & Sons Ltd.", + "comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. ", + "date": "active late 19th-early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WarrenClintonJ", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Warren, Clinton J.", -"comment": "Emporis; http://www.emporis.com. worked in the offices of Burnham & root before establishing an independent practice in 1886.", -"date": "late 19th-early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamThorowgoodandCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "William Thorowgood and Company", + "comment": "Meggs, Philip B.; History of Graphic Design, 3rd edition, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998. ", + "date": "active ca. 1845", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WashingtonLawrence", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Washington, Lawrence", -"comment": "Hegemann, Werner and Elbert Peets; An Architect's Handbook of Civic Architecture, New York: Architectural Book Publishing Company: Paul Wenzel and Mourice Krakow, 1922. ", -"date": "1718-1752", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamesShedrich", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Williames, Shedrich", + "comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. ", + "date": "born 1934", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WatanabeHitoshi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Watanabe, Hitoshi", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1887-1973", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamsandSmith", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Williams and Smith", + "comment": "https://digital.lib.washington.edu/architect/architects/5953/. Warren Heywood Williams and Arthur L. Smith", + "date": "1888-1889", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WatcombePotteryCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Watcombe Pottery Company", -"comment": "Durant, Stuart; Christopher Dresser, London: Academy Editions, 1993. Torquay, England", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamsandWilliams", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Williams and Williams", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WatersSheila", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Waters, Sheila", -"comment": "White, John; Art and Architecture in Itlaly 1250-1400, Baltimore, Maryland: Penguin Books, 1966. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamsMorleyJ", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Williams, Morley J.", + "comment": "Architects' Emergency Committee; Great Georgian Houses of America, 1970 unabridged republication, New York: Dover Publications, 1970. ", + "date": "ca. 1970", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WatersTJ", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Waters, T.J.", -"comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamsPatWard", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Williams, Pat Ward", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + "date": "born 1948", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WatrissWendy", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Watriss, Wendy", -"comment": "Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. New York: Abbeville Press, 1997.. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamsWarrenHeywood", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Williams, Warren Heywood", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + "date": "1844-1888", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WatsonGavin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Watson, Gavin", -"comment": "Polhemus, Ted; Street Style: from Sidewalk to Catwalk, London: Thames and Hudson, 1994. British photographer specializing in subcultures", -"date": "active ca. 1985-2010", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamsenAnn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Williamsen, Ann", + "comment": "Abernathy, Ann; Oak Park Home and Studio of Frank Lloyd Wright, Oak Park, IL: Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio Foundation, 1988. ", + "date": "late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WattWilliam", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Watt, William", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Owner of a furniture and upholstery business, maker of furniture for E.W. Godwin", -"date": "1834-1885", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamsonSue", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Williamson, Sue", + "comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. 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Manfred Willmann, the Austrian photographer and editor of the magazine "Camera Austria", shows the two photo cycles Das Land (1981 - 1993) and Oman (1997) at the Secession. ", + "date": "born 1952", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WBBJ", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "WBBJ", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilloughbyFrancisSir", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Willoughby, Francis, Sir", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "active late 16th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WebbAshton", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Webb, Ashton", -"comment": "Baker, Malcolm and Brenda Richardson; Grand Design: the Art of the Victoria and Albert Museum, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1997. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilmerdingWilliamE", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wilmerding, William E.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. American photographer", + "date": "1858-1932", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WebbJohn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Webb, John", -"comment": "Atterbury, Paul and Clive Wainwright; Pugin: A Gothic Passion, New Haven; London: Yale University Press; Victoria & Albert Museum, 1994. ", -"date": "active mid 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilmotteGeorge", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wilmotte, George", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + "date": "late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeberFritz", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Weber, Fritz", -"comment": "Kähler, Gert; Path of Modernism: Architecture, 1900-1930, Berlin: Jovis, 2009. German architect, active in Berlin and Chemnitz", -"date": "active ca. 1930", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilmsenEndicottandUnthank", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wilmsen, Endicott and Unthank", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Oregon architecture firm", + "date": "1960-1968", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeckKlaus", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Weck, Klaus", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilmsenEndicott", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wilmsen-Endicott", + "comment": "Archiplanet, http://www.archiplanet.org/wiki/Wilmsen-Endicott. ", + "date": "1948-1960", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeckLars", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Weck, Lars", -"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilsonDelmer", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wilson, Delmer", + "comment": "Rieman, Timothy D. and Jean M. Burks; Complete Book of Shaker Furniture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , Publishers, 1993. 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", -"date": "born 1953", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilsonGeorgeFergusson", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wilson, George Fergusson", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. businessman, scientist, inventor and keen gardener and a former Treasurer of the Royal Horticultural Society (UK)", + "date": "active late 19th-early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeiDong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wei, Dong", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. 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English architect-craftsman, one of the first architects to practice in south Georgia", + "date": "mid 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeiSheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wei, Sheng", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w26s42 Alternate names: Wei Sheng, 衛升 Song dynasty Painted flowers and birds. --Seymour", -"date": "12th century ", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WindrimJohnTorrey", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Windrim, John Torrey", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1866-1934", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeiXian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wei, Xian", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w26x24 Alternate names: Wei Hsien, 衛賢 Five dynasties Court painter from Nanjing in Southern Tang dynasty. Painted houses, trees, figures. --Seymour", -"date": "ca. 937 - 975", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WinfieldRW", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Winfield, R. W.", + "comment": "Baker, Malcolm and Brenda Richardson; Grand Design: the Art of the Victoria and Albert Museum, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1997. ", + "date": "active 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeiYan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wei, Yan", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w26y24 Alternate names: Wei Yen, 韋偃 Tang dynasty From Xian, Shaanxi province. Lived in Suzhou, Jiangsu province. 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Created wall paintings in Buddhist temples, icons, figures, flowers and objects in relief. --Seymour", -"date": "second half 7th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WinnettMerryMoor", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Winnett, Merry Moor", + "comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. ", + "date": "born 1951", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeilerKevin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Weiler, Kevin", -"comment": "Greenberg, Donald, Aaron Marcus, Allan H. 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", -"date": "1795-1873", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WisselAdolf", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wissel, Adolf", + "comment": "Adam, Peter; Art of the Third Reich, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1992. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeissKurt", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Weiss, Kurt", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American graphic artist", -"date": "active mid-20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeissmanNaomi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Weissman, Naomi", -"comment": "Cohen, Joyce Tenneson and Patricia Meyer Stacks; In/Sights: Self-Portraits by Women, Boston: David R. Godine, Publisher, 1978. ", -"date": "born 1940", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WittedT", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Witted, T.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeleskiDawn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Weleski, Dawn", -"comment": "Klanten, Robert, Alain Bieber, Pedro Alonzo, Silke Krohn et al; Art & Agenda: Political Art and Activism, Berlin: Gestalten, 2011. Active 2008- present Member of Conflict Kitchen", -"date": "20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WellerBrownandMesmer", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Weller, Brown and Mesmer", -"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. Buffalo, NY", -"date": "1872-1884", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WittmerAlbert", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wittmer, Albert", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + "date": "1910-1980", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WellsThomas", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wells, Thomas", -"comment": "Rieman, Timothy D. and Jean M. Burks; Complete Book of Shaker Furniture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , Publishers, 1993. Shaker furniture maker", -"date": "1819-after 1854", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WoZha", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wo, Zha", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Quxian, Zhejiang Province; alternate name: 沃渣", + "date": "1905-1973", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WelnerLawrence", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Welner, Lawrence", -"comment": "American century : art & culture. New York : Whitney Museum of American Art in association with W.W. Norton, c1999. vol. 2.. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WOHAArchitects", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "WOHA Architects", + "comment": "Roth, Manuela; Ecological Living, Kempen: teNeus Verlag, 2009. Architecture firm based in Singapore", + "date": "active ca. 1995-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeltonDan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Welton, Dan", -"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. ", -"date": "born 1944", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WohlauerRonaldW", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wohlauer, Ronald W.", + "comment": "Hume, Sandy, Ellen Manchester, Gary Metz and Nathan Lyons; Great West: Real/Ideal, Boulder: University of Colorado at Boulder, 1977. American photographer", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeltschRobin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Weltsch, Robin", -"comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", -"date": "active ca. 1972", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenBao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wen, Bao", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WoillezE", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Woillez, E.", + "comment": "Bonnet-Laborderie, Philippe; Cathédrale Saint-Pierre : Histoire et Architecture, Beauvais: G.E.M.O.B, 1978. ", + "date": "active early 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenBoren", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wen, Boren", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w27b38r26 Alternate names: Wen Po-jen, 文伯仁 Ming dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 1502; d Suzhou, 1575). Painter, nephew of (1) Wen Zhengming and cousin of (2) Wen Jia. He was renowned for his mean personality: as a youth he lost a legal dispute with his uncle and teacher, Wen Zhengming, and was imprisoned. Like Wen Jia, he failed the provincial juren (second degree) civil service examinations. Perhaps because of his cantankerous character, he did not often participate in Suzhou scholarly gatherings, nor was he as actively involved in Wu school activities as were his cousins Wen Peng (1498–1573) and Wen Jia; his paintings do not usually bear inscriptions by his contemporaries, and colophons by him are rare. The critic Wang Shizhen (1526–90) marvelled at how such a vile person could produce such fine landscapes. Apart from Miniature Portrait of Yang Jijing (handscroll, ink and light colours on paper, 1526; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), Wen Boren’s paintings are landscapes. He followed the Wen family style, using meticulous brushstrokes and an elongated format for hanging scrolls. The few times he painted in the mode of a master of the Yuan period (1279–1368) he chose Wang meng, whose complex, interweaving rock forms and twisting trees suited Wen Boren’s personality. Dwellings of the Immortals Amid Streams and Mountains (hanging scroll, ink and colour on paper, 1531; Cambridge, priv. col.) represents this style. A serpentine mountain mass is richly textured with numerous trees, rocks, buildings and figures. The deep pastel colours and the use of the archaic fishnet pattern to represent water also refer to Wang Meng’s style. The luxuriant elegance of the painting is, however, derived from Wen Zhengming. The Four Myriads (Siwan tu; four hanging scrolls, ink and colour on paper, 1551; Tokyo, N. Mus.) is considered his masterpiece. The scrolls are extremely dense, full compositions that portray the four seasons with repeated use of bamboo for spring, pines for summer, sunlit waves for autumn and snowy peaks for winter. At other times Wen Boren worked in a sparse style, as in Lute Song: Saying Farewell at Xunyang (short handscroll, ink and light colour on paper; Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.), an illustration of the ‘Pipa Xing’ (‘Lute song’; n.d.) by the poet Bai Juyi (ad 772–846). Water reeds, moon, maple tree and boats on the watery expanse are motifs from the prose poem. A poignant mood is evoked by the spacious composition, precise brushstrokes and soft, pale colours. The water is portrayed with the archaic fishnet pattern that originated in the Tang period (ad 618–907), when the poem was written. River Landscape with Towering Mountains (see fig.) depicts scholars enjoying nature. The tall, narrow proportions and light, feathery brushwork reflect the influence of Wen Zhengming. The composition is divided horizontally into two halves, with a separate spatial system for each half. In the foreground are riverside pavilions, trees and figures viewed from an elevated perspective. In the background, the mountains recede along a zigzag axis. They are treated in a volumetric fashion and topped with pines reminiscent of the Yuan master Huang Gongwang. The branches and foliage of the foreground trees weave together to create an intricate surface design. The contrast and tension between the upper and lower sections bring new life to this traditional theme. The ruler under whom Wen Boren lived, the Jiajing emperor (reg 1522–66), was an avid patron of Daoism and contributed to its increased influence and practice during the 16th century. Like Wen Jia, Wen Boren painted Daoist themes, for example Fanghu (hanging scroll, ink and colour on paper, 1563; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), a portrayal of one of the Daoist islands of the immortals, and Spring Dawn at Dantai (handscroll, ink and colour on paper, n.d.; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). --DOA", -"date": "1502 - 1575", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WolfAston", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wolf, Aston", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenCongjian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wen, Congjian", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w27c56j26 Alternate names: Wen Ts'ung-chien, 文從簡 Ming dynasty From Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Oldest son of Wen Yuanshan. Painted landscapes in the family traidtion, also followed Ni Zan and Wang Meng. Calligraphy in the style of Li Bohai. --Seymour", -"date": "1574 - 1648", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenJia", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wen, Jia", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w27j25 Alternate names: Wen Chia, 文嘉 Ming dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 1501; d Suzhou, 1583). Painter and calligrapher, son of Wen Zhengming. He received a formal classical education and benefited from contact with the learned associates of his father. He succeeded in passing the local xiucai (first degree) examinations and was appointed gongsheng (tribute student). He did not pass the provincial juren (second degree) examinations and had an undistinguished government career. A highly cultured gentleman, Wen Jia was a member of the third generation of the Wu school, and his early works show the profound influence of his father. His activity as a calligrapher was overshadowed by the greater reputation of his older brother Wen Peng (1498–1573), who practised the full range of script types: seal (zhuanshu), clerical (lishu), regular (kaishu) and cursive (caoshu). The two brothers were lively participants in Suzhou literati life, often collaborating on projects that combined painting, poetry and calligraphy. Together they compiled the Tingyun guan tie, an anthology of calligraphy published in 1560. Highly regarded as a connoisseur, Wen Jia was frequently asked to authenticate masterpieces, especially after the death of his father. He wrote colophons on paintings by Chen Huong ( fl ad 725–56), Guo Xi, Ma Yuan, Zhao Mengfu, Shen Zhou, Wen Zhengming, Zhou Chen, Tang Yin, Qiu Ying and Chen Shun. After the painting and calligraphy belonging to the powerful official Yan Song (1480–1565) were confiscated, Wen Jia was invited to write the catalogue Qianshan tang shuhua ji, dated 1569. Wen Jia’s paintings are modest and refined, with numerous allusions to the past. His unpretentious brushwork epitomizes the literati ideal of pingdan (plainness). Most of them illustrate poetry or document scholarly activities. From 1525 to 1559 he explored a variety of different themes and styles. After the death of Wen Zhengming in 1559, Wen Jia focused on consolidating his own artistic personality. He worked in the mode of masters of the Yuan period (1279–1368): Ni zan was a particular favourite, since his paintings embodied the elegant refinement that most appealed to Wen Jia. Wen’s paintings from the 1560s include illustrations of a poem by Bai Juyi (ad 772–846), Pipa Xing (‘Lute song’; hanging scroll, ink and light colour on paper, 1569; Osaka, Mun. Mus.), and another by Su Shi, Chibi fu (‘Ode on the red cliff’; handscroll, ink on paper, 1563; Nanjing, Jiangsu Prov. Mus.). His integral involvement with the Suzhou literati is affirmed by Parting by the River Bank (handscroll, ink and colour on paper, c. 1563; San Francisco, CA, Asian A. Mus.). It was painted to commemorate the departure of the official Yuan Zunni (1523–74) to Beijing to take the jinshi examinations and has farewell poems by six of his friends following the painting. The last 13 years of Wen Jia’s life were prolific. He wrote a large number of colophons and continued to work in the mode of Ni Zan, as well as to illustrate poetry such as Landscape in the Spirit of Verses by Du Fu (album leaf, 1576; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). His repertory expanded to include mythical Daoist scenic spots, for example Daoist Landscapes (handscroll, 1573; Tokyo, N. Mus.) and On the Isles of the Immortals (hanging scroll, n.d.; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). Landscape Dedicated to Xiang Yuanbian (see fig.) celebrated the Suzhou collector’s 54th birthday. Huangfu Fang (1503–82) composed a birthday song that Wen Jia wrote on the scroll. The painting depicts a scholarly gathering with blunt brushstrokes reminiscent of Shen zhou. It incorporates a deliberate creation of spatial ambiguity through a slanted horizon to the left of the background mountain mass. This device represents a new direction in painting and anticipates the distortions employed by Dong Qichang and Wang Yuanqi. Although the Wu school tradition declined during the late 16th century, there were certain innovations that were continued by later artists, particularly those active in the area of Songjiang. Wen Jia epitomized the typical scholar–artist active within his circle as a poet, calligrapher, painter and connoisseur. --DOA", -"date": "1501 - 1583", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WolzClaudia", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wolz, Claudia", + "comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. ", + "date": "born 1948", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenShu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wen, Shu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w27s45 Alternate names: Wen Shu, 文淑 Ming dynasty One of the most important women painters of the Ming dynasty. Member of prestigious Wen family in Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Daughter of Wen Congjian, a landscape painter and descendant of Wen Zhenming. Shu married Zhao Lingzhun, a descedant of an equally distinguished family that included Zhao Mengfu (husband of Guan Daosheng). The families lived in "refined retirement." Shu began to paint after the Zhao family fortunes declined, possibly to help support the family. A skilled painter of flowers, rocks, pines, insects, and figures, she soon gained a reputation and was teaching as well as selling her work. Her daughter painted orchids and bamboo. --Weidner ", -"date": "1595 - 1634", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WonBrian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Won, Brian", + "comment": "Greene, Rachel; Internet Art, London: Thames & Hudson, 2004. ", + "date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenTao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wen, Tao", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1931-1949 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981;. born in Meixian, Guangdong Province", -"date": "1908-1950", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WoodKatherineLouise", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wood, Katherine Louise", + "comment": "Barter, Judith A.; Apostles of Beauty: Arts and Crafts From Britain to Chicago, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. American ceramics decorator for Newcomb", + "date": "1874-1954", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenTong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wen, Tong", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w27t36 Alternate names: Wen T'ung, 文同 Song dynasty (b Zitong, Sichuan Province, 1018; d Wanqiu, Chenzhou [modern Huaiyang], Henan Province, 1079). Chinese scholar and painter. He is associated with the establishment of ink-bamboo painting as a major genre of literati painting. From an educated Confucian family in Sichuan Province in the south-west, Wen was a diligent student of the classics and on attaining the title of jinshi in the national-level civil-service examination of 1049 ranked fifth out of 500. Despite his erudition and talent, however, he never served in high government positions, spending much of his career as a civil functionary in Sichuan and Shaanxi provinces, away from the fast-paced manoeuvrings of party politics in the capital, Bianliang (modern Kaifeng, Henan Province). Wen’s gentle and unassuming character was most comfortable in the solitude of nature, where he found the embodiment of his personal ideals in nature’s ‘gentleman’ ( junzi), bamboo (see China, §V, 3(vi)). As a painter of bamboo, which he claims to have painted as a means of self-cultivation in his pursuit of the Dao (‘way’), Wen earned lasting fame. Wen’s close friend and cousin, Su shi, the eminent statesman, poet and art theorist of the late 11th century, was instrumental in bringing attention to Wen. The narrative accounts of Wen’s paintings of bamboo by Su Shi and his brother Su Che (1039–1112) are among the most compelling descriptions of the creative act in Chinese literature. Following clearly prescribed models from an early philosophical work, the Zhuangzi, they liken Wen to Cook Ding and Wheelwright Bian, craftsmen who attained the Dao through absolute mastery of their métier. However, the personal identification of Wen with his subject—bamboo—is a new twist and a key element in the developing literati theory of the arts, which sought to establish painting’s potential for revealing the personality of the artist (see China, §V, 4(ii)). Two large and related hanging scrolls in ink on silk (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus. and Guangzhou, A.G.) best exemplify Wen Tong’s ink-bamboo. Both represent a large and weathered branch of bamboo dipping and rising in an inverted S-curve and recall Su Shi’s descriptions of Wen’s bent bamboo, the strange shapes of which are caused by the constrictions of the gulley where it grows, a fitting image of the ideal Confucian gentleman who bends without yielding. Nearer and further leaves are distinguished by gradations in ink tone, in keeping with a detailed account of Wen’s technique by the contemporary critic Mi Fu, and the marvellous sense of organic development accords well with Su Shi’s descriptions of Wen engaged in the creative act. Wen is credited with being the founder of the ink-bamboo tradition. His followers were numerous; they are collectively designated the Huzhou school of bamboo painting, after Wen’s final assignment as governor of Huzhou in Zhejiang Province. --DOA", -"date": "1018 - 1079", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WoodRobert", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wood, Robert", + "comment": "Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute; Masterpieces of American furniture from the Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, NY: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1999. ", + "date": "active 1857-1869", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenZhengming", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wen, Zhengming", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w27z43m37 Alternate names: Wen Cheng-ming, 文徵明 Ming dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 1470; d Suzhou, 1559). Painter and calligrapher. He was considered one of the Four Masters of the Ming period (1368–1644), along with Shen Zhou, Tang Yin and Qiu Ying. The most famous member of the second generation of Wu school artists, he profoundly influenced later painters. He was remarkable for his individuality as well as for the variety and range of his creativity. Although he was a thorough and diligent student, Wen Zhengming repeatedly failed the national examinations, the third level of civil service examinations. Finally, a local governor recommended him to a post in Beijing, where he lived from 1523 to 1527, working in the Hanlin Academy (see China, §V, 4(i)(d) ) on the history of the Zhengde period (1506–21). Disillusioned by life in politics, he returned to Suzhou to become the focus of its artistic community. Wen was deeply immersed in the study of the past. In common with his teacher, Shen Zhou, he drew on the works of the Yuan period (1279–1368) scholar-painters for inspiration, including the Four Masters of the Yuan: Huang gongwang, Wu zhen, Ni zan and Wang meng. The Yuan master Zhao Mengfu (see Zhao, (1) ) exercised the most pervasive influence on Wen, and he also studied earlier styles of the Tang (ad 618–906) and Song (960–1279) periods. The wealth of material available in Suzhou collections made all this feasible. Once he was totally familiar with these earlier styles, Wen reworked them to incorporate his own distinctive style, frequently expressing his awareness of history through inscriptions on his paintings. He specialized in garden scenes, which were often depictions of particular places in Suzhou; trees, especially pine, cypress and juniper (see fig.); mountainscapes with an emphasis on rocks; commemorations of scholarly events such as journeys or departures; and illustrations of literature. He typically worked with refined, precise brushstrokes combined to form a complex surface pattern. As a literati painter (see China, §V, 4(ii) ), he sought to express his own personality in his work, and his highly controlled intellect is always apparent behind the painting. In Summer Retreat in the Eastern Grove (handscroll, ink on paper, c. 1512; New York, Met.), Wen combined the three traditional arts of a scholar: poetry, calligraphy and painting. At the end of the painting he wrote one poem in running script (xingshu) in the style of Huang tingjian, a second poem in cursive script (caoshu) in the style of Huaisu as transmitted by Huang Tingjian, and a third poem in running script in the style of Su shi. His selection reveals his good taste and skill in the styles of these earlier masters. The cool, precise painting is in the mode of Ni Zan. The composition is orderly and clear; the forms do not touch the lower edge of the scroll and are thus set back from the viewer. Clusters of rocks are placed along a subtle diagonal, leading the viewer from the lower right to upper left, and are topped by a few sparsely foliated trees. These motifs, along with the empty pavilion, are reminiscent of Ni Zan’s work. The austerity of the composition is reiterated by the economy of brushwork: there is nothing superfluous. Wen succeeded in capturing a fresh, cool garden scene through his keen comprehension of artistic antecedents. Master’s Liu’s Garden (hanging scroll, ink and colour on paper, 1543; New York, Marie Hélène and Guy Weill priv. col.) exemplifies a later treatment of the garden theme. This extraordinarily finely painted image was done for a friend, Liu Lin (1474–1561), who had just retired from government service. Wen painted a garden retreat based on ones already existing in Suzhou in anticipation of what his friend would probably construct. Two crossed willows invite the viewer across the water to enter the thatched gate and then back through the V-shaped arrangement of trees towards the lofty pavilion, where a scholar entertains a visitor. At the upper left Wen brushed a poem and dedication in standard script (kaishu), referring to the delightful view and peaceful atmosphere. The brushwork is soft and lyrical, with delicate pastel colouring: warm brown washes describe earth forms and tree trunks; pale blue and ink dots define the foliage. By contrast, in A Thousand Cliffs Vying in Splendour there is a palpable sense of movement created by tilting, twisting forms. Within the constricted limits of the scroll, Wen piled rock on rock to build up a richly patterned mountainscape inspired by considerations of formal design rather than verisimilitude. The composition is densely packed, and the drawing is firm and incisive rather than soft and feathery. In the foreground two scholars sit enjoying the nearby pool and waterfall. Several trees connect this with the overwhelming mountain in the background; there is no view into the distance to offer relief. The mountain itself is constructed of rock masses topped by small pines in the mode of Huang Gongwang. The tightly controlled composition and strong brushwork make this commanding work one of Wen’s masterpieces. Wen made repeated use of the motifs of pine, cypress and juniper, which have particular connotations of the perpetual struggle of the human will (see fig.). In Old Cypress and Rock (Gubo tu; handscroll, ink on paper, c. 1550; Kansas City, MO, Nelson–Atkins Mus. A.) Wen exploited the complex design of the cypress in its echoing of the shape of the rock. The range of ink tones from soft, wet grey to dense, dry black is astonishing; the virtuoso brushwork, based on calligraphic technique, alludes to Zhao Mengfu. As in A Thousand Cliffs Vying for Splendour, there is little three-dimensional space: Wen emphasized the flat, decorative pattern of the forms. The painting and its ten accompanying poems express wishes for a quick recovery from illness of the poet, playwright and calligrapher Zhang Fengy (1527–1613). The cypress symbolizes perseverance, the promise of youth and the healing powers inherent in the plant. Typical of classical scholars of the 16th century, Wen was a prolific poet. Much of his output reflects the formal grace of poetry masters of the Tang and Song dynasties, and it is rich in the visual imagery of landscapes and the changing seasons. Renowned also as a connoisseur, Wen was frequently called on to authenticate new additions to Suzhou collections, and he conducted careful research into the history of painting. Although his writing was refined and meticulous, it never attained the same stature as his painting and calligraphy. His collected writings were published in 1543 in Futian ji (‘Extensive fields collection’). As a youth Wen Zhengming was a poor calligrapher, but he practised diligently and eventually he and his life-long friend Zhu Yunming were recognized as the two greatest calligraphers of the Ming period. Not only did Wen write in the modern script types of regular (kaishu), running (xingshu) and cursive (caoshu), but as part of his exploration of the past he also wrote in the archaic seal (zhuanshu) and clerical (lishu) scripts. During his years as an official in Beijing, Wen brushed poems on a suitably impressive imperial scale. In Waiting upon the Emperor’s Return from the Southern Suburbs (Gonghou dajia huan zi nanjiao; hanging scroll, ink on paper; New York, Met.) Wen used formal imagery and large, blocky standard script characters to please the emperor. The style is derived from the great Song-period calligrapher Huang Tingjian, with the emphatic use of the diagonal ‘oar stroke’. During his own lifetime Wen was best known for his small regular script (xiao kaishu) based on that of Wang Xizhi (see Wang (i), (1) ); Lu Ji’s The Art of Letters (Lu Ji Wenfu; handscroll, ink on paper, 1544–7; New York, Met.) offers a neat and precise example of this. It is marked by a stable, systematic composition and well-balanced proportions. The full-bodied characters are accentuated by sharp points, and the thinning and thickening strokes impart a lithe rhythm. Wen’s free and spontaneous running script is represented in a series of letters to his family (1523; Lyme, NH, Mr and Mrs Wan-go H. C. Weng priv. col.) and a letter to Hua Yun (1549; New York, Met). Both are imbued with informal natural rhythms and written with an exposed brush tip (lufeng; see China, §IV, 1 ). Wen had two styles of cursive script: one was lean and firm, based on Wang Xizhi, to which Wen contributed angularity and tapering finishing strokes; the other, freer style combined elements from Huaisu and Huang Tingjian. The Huangting jing (handscroll, ink on paper, 1558; Lyme, NH, Mr and Mrs Wan-go H. C. Weng priv. col.), a Daoist scripture that discusses the nourishment of the human body, is a rare example of Wen’s seal script, in which he re-created the style of the late 8th-century ad calligrapher Li Yangbing. --DOA", -"date": "1470-1559", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WoodRoger", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wood, Roger", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. 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Chinese artist, born in Hainan, alternate name: Weng Pijun; lives and works in Haikou.", -"date": "b. 1961", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WoodmanFrancesca", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Woodman, Francesca", + "comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", + "date": "1958-1981", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WengYizhi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Weng, Yizhi", -"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese artist ", -"date": "b. 1921", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WoodruffJudah", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Woodruff, Judah", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Descendant of Matthew Woodruff, one of the original proprietors of Farmington, fought in the French and Indian War and was a captain in the Revolutionary War. He was also a builder who constructed the First Church and 21 houses in Farmington, including his own. 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First Chief Justice of the Michigan Territory who played a prominent role in the planning and reconstruction of Detroit after it was destroyed by fire in 1805.", + "date": "1774-1827", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WergerArt", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Werger, Art", -"comment": "Acton, David; Sixty Years of North American Prints: 1947-2007, Boston: Boston Printmakers, 2009. 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", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WestfalenArnoldvon", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Westfalen, Arnold von", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. architect", -"date": "active late 15th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WootonWilliamS", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wooton, William S.", + "comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999 (0939802872). ", + "date": "1835-1907", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WetherillThomas", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wetherill, Thomas", -"comment": "Garvan, Beatrice B.; Federal Philadelphia, 1785-1825: the Athens of the Western World, Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1987. ", -"date": "died 1824", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WorkshopoftheHirschfeldPainter", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Workshop of the Hirschfeld Painter", + "comment": "Mertens, Joan R.; How to Read Greek Vases, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2010. ", + "date": "active ca. 750-730 BCE", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WetmoreGeorgePeabody", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wetmore, George Peabody", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. US Senatore from RI", -"date": "1846-1921", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WorlidgeJohn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Worlidge, John", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WheelingPotteryCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wheeling Pottery Company", -"comment": "Blackwell, Lewis; Twentieth-Century Type, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1992. Company located in Wheeling , West Virginia", -"date": "late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhiddenandLewis", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Whidden and Lewis", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Portland, Oregon architecture firm formed by William M. Whidden and Ion Lewis in the early 20th century", -"date": "after 1888", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WörsamAnton", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wörsam, Anton", + "comment": "Swaan, Will; Gothic Cathedral: with an Historical Introduction, Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Co., Inc., 1969. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhiddenWilliamMarcy", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Whidden, William Marcy", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Portland, Oregon architect, born in Boston, graduated from M.I.T., worked for McKim, Mead and White, later formed the firm Whidden and Lewis with partner Ion Lewis.", -"date": "1857-1929", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Whitcomb", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Whitcomb", -"comment": "Name used by John Reynolds, architect, Eugene, Oregon. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WrightInvestmentCompany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wright Investment Company", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. possibly William Thomas Wright", + "date": "active late 19th-early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhiteFrederickManson", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "White, Frederick Manson", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. American architect, worked in Portland, Oregon", -"date": "1863-1952", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WrightDean", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wright, Dean", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. One of the contributing Forest Service architects for Timberline Lodge, Mount Hood", + "date": "active 1930s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhitePhilip", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "White, Philip", -"comment": "Morrison, Hugh; Early American Architecture From the First Colonial Settlements to the National Period, New York: Oxford University Press, 1952. ", -"date": "active 17th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WrightEllen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wright, Ellen", + "comment": "Blakesley, Rosalind; Arts and Crafts Movement, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2006. embroiderer for Morris & Co.", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhiteSydneyVictor", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "White, Sydney Victor", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WrightFred", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wright, Fred", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhiteWA", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "White, W.A.", -"comment": "Menz, Christopher; Morris & Company: Pre-Raphaelites and the Arts and Crafts Movement in South Australia, Adelaide: Art Gallery of South Australia, 1994. ", -"date": "active ca. 1890-1906", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhiteheadPhilipBarrows", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Whitehead, Philip Barrows", -"comment": "WorldCat. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WrightGrove", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wright, Grove", + "comment": "Rieman, Timothy D. and Jean M. Burks; Complete Book of Shaker Furniture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , Publishers, 1993. Shaker furniture maker", + "date": "1789-1861", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhitehouseandFouilhoux", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Whitehouse & Fouilhoux", -"comment": "Ritz, Richard Ellison. Architects of Oregon: a bibliographical dictionary of architects deceased - 19th and 20th centuries. Portland, Oregon: Lair Hill Publishing, 2002.. Portland, Oregon architecture firm of Morris Homans Whitehouse and Jacques Andre Fouilhoux.", -"date": "1910-1919", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WrightPB", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wright, P.B.", + "comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. ", + "date": "active 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhitehouseGeorge", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Whitehouse, George", -"comment": "Real Thing: An Anthology of British Photographs, 1840-1950, London: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1975. ", -"date": "active ca. 1900", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WrightW", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wright, W.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhitehouseMorrisH", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Whitehouse, Morris H.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhitehouseStantonandChurch", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Whitehouse, Stanton & Church", -"comment": "http://nwda.orbiscascade.org/ark:/80444/xv29419. During the early 1920s, Whitehouse practiced under the firm name of Morris H. Whitehouse, Architect. In 1926, the name was changed to Morris H. Whitehouse & Associates after he established a partnership with A. Glenn Stanton and Walter E. Church. Significant projects from this period include Temple Beth Israel, the United States Courthouse, and Multnomah Civic Stadium in Portland, Or. In 1932, the firm became known as Whitehouse, Stanton & Church, but Stanton left to start his own firm in 1935. ", -"date": "1932-1935", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuBiduan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Biduan", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). born in Nanjing; member of Chinese Artists Association and Chinese Woodcut Artists' Association; alternate name: 伍必端", + "date": " born 1926", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhitingRay", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Whiting, Ray", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuBin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Bin", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32b36 Alternate names: Wu Pin, 吳彬 Ming dynasty (b Putian, Fujian Province; fl c. 1568–1626). Chinese painter. One of the most talented of a small group of mid-17th-century professional artists active in Nanjing and Beijing, whose paintings of landscapes and figural compositions presented an alternative mode to the prevailing style of the amateur scholar-painters. Under the Wanli emperor (reg 1573–1620), Wu was called to service at the southern Ming (1368–1644) capital of Nanjing. He served mainly as a court painter but was also employed by private patrons and Buddhist temples. In the 1620s he was overheard criticizing the notorious eunuch Wei Zhongxian (1568–1628) and subsequently imprisoned. Thereafter, records of Wu cease. The conservative landscapes and narrative paintings that Wu executed for the court are best represented by the handscroll Greeting the Spring (1600; Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.) and the album Record of the Year’s Holidays (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). These fine-line, colourful early paintings, characterized by incidental detail and decorative effect, represent meticulous professional variants on the late Wu school style, the amateur landscape painting tradition based in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, in the mid-Ming period. By the first decade of the 17th century, however, Wu was pursuing a new landscape mode based on Northern Song (960–1127) models (see China, §V, 3(vi)(a)). Professional painters from Wu’s native Fujian had begun a Song revival in the early Ming period; in addition, Wu had the opportunity while in Nanjing to study old master paintings in both the imperial and private collections and to meet other painters, notably Mi Wanzhong (1570–1628), likewise engaged in reviving Northern Song styles. Wu must also have been exposed to European paintings and prints presented by Jesuit missionaries to the court (see China, §XIII, 21(ii)). The representational and illusionistic concerns of Western art may have stimulated an interest in the native Northern Song style, which similarly aimed at naturalistic effects. Wu’s new landscape style is best represented by paintings such as Streams and Mountains Far from the World (1615; Takatsuki, Hashimoto priv. col.), Landscape with Palaces (Berkeley, U. CA, A. Mus.) and a View of Tiantai Mountain (1607; Honolulu, HI, Acad. A.; see fig.). Northern Song influence is readily apparent in Wu’s monumental scale, monolithic vision and naturalistic rendering of surface effects. However, whereas Northern Song artists painted stable and rational landscapes representing microcosmic versions of an ideal cosmic order, Wu produced mannerist renditions of the earlier style, attenuating and distorting classical forms to create a visionary world of fantastic structures, whose undulating, unbalanced shapes often have no logical connection, and where the distinction between solid and void is no longer clear. The Song idiom is also the model for Wu’s painstakingly naturalistic surface detail on cliffs, with peaks swathed in convincing mists and believable shadows cast over their sides. Wu thus sets up a constant tension between the real and the unreal and seems to suggest that the coherence of the Song world order, though he longs for it, no longer has meaning for the Ming. Wu also played a central role in the late Ming revival of figure painting. A lay Buddhist, he received commissions from temples to paint images of Buddhist luohan (Skt arhats; ‘enlightened ones’). His best-known figure paintings include the handscroll Five Hundred Luohan (Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.) and the album Deities of the Surangama Sutra (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). As in his adaptation of the Song landscape mode, Wu alludes to but then distorts an earlier painting style. His luohan are clearly modelled after those of the Five Dynasties (ad 907–60) monk–painter Guanxiu, but they are caricatures and figures of irony. Wu thus intimates that luohan, embodiments of spiritual transcendence, have no more place in the sullied world of the Ming than the harmonious landscapes of the Song. --DOA", + "date": "ca. 1573 - 1620", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhittelseyAustin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Whittelsey, Austin", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuBoli", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Boli", + "comment": "Little, Stephen and Shawn Eichman; Taoism and the Arts of China, Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 2000. Chinese Daoist priest and painter who lived in the Highest Purity Palace Temple (Shangqing Gong). He specialized in paintings of withered trees, bamboo and stones.", + "date": "active late 14th-early 15th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhylandAnde", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Whyland, Ande", -"comment": "American century : art & culture. New York : Whitney Museum of American Art in association with W.W. Norton, c1999. vol. 2.. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuChangnian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Changnian", + "comment": "China Publications Center; Modern Chinese Woodcuts, Beijing: Guozi Shudian, 1965. alternate name: Wu Chiang-nien", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WickmanGustav", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wickman, Gustav", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Architect who is best known for his design of the village of Kiruna in National Romantic style, also influenced by stave church architecture, Lapp nomadic architecture and Shingle Style architecture.", -"date": "late 19th-early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuDacheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Dacheng", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32d22c39 Alternate names: Wu Ta-ch'eng, 吳大澂 Qing dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 6 June 1835; d 6 March 1902). Chinese calligrapher, epigrapher and collector. Born into a rich and cultured merchant family, he entered the district school at 16 and at 17 began to study seal script (zhuanshu) under Chen Huan (1786–1863). He received his jinshi degree in 1868 and became a scholar at the Hanlin Academy in Beijing, followed by two years at the Suzhou Provincial Printing Office. In succeeding years, he distinguished himself as an army officer, diplomat and civil servant. He became Governor of Guangdong Province in 1887 and of Hunan in 1892, interrupted by a period as director-general of the conservancy of the Yellow River and the Grand Canal and followed by his directorship of the Longmen Academy in Shanghai in 1898. Wu amassed a large collection of antiquities. He became renowned as an interpreter of written characters used before the Qin period (221–206 bc) and completed a dictionary of seal characters, the Shuowen guzhou bu in 1883, in which calligraphy is categorized according to its provenance, e.g. from bronze and jade seal texts or from weights. By comparing these characters to those in the earliest Chinese dictionary, the Shuowen jiezi (‘Dictionary of words and phrases’; c. ad 120), compiled by Xu Shen, Wu demonstrated that the characters in the Shuowen jiezi, accepted for centuries, were in fact based on more recent materials and not completely reliable. Wu compiled a catalogue of his entire collection, a book transcribing and deciphering the texts on his bronzes and a catalogue of his own and important bronzes in other collections in 1886. These were followed by catalogues of his seals, jades and weights and measures. In his catalogue on seals, he imitated the Song-period (960–1279) tradition of including the imprint of each seal in his presentation, which later became normal practice. In seal script, Wu began by studying the standard works of Li Yangbing ( fl c. ad 759–80), but soon moved on to Jiang Sheng (?1721–99). In his 20s, Wu became familiar with older seal script models: he discovered bronze and stele rubbings and began to study the Shuowen jiezi. Later influences came from specific bronzes in his collection or from other rubbings, such as one from the Maogong ding, sent to Wu by his friend Chen Jieqi (1813–84), a great collector, archaeologist and calligrapher. The Maogong ding is a bronze vessel on the bottom of which is inscribed in large seal script (da zhuanshu) the longest Zhou-period (c. 1050–256 bc) text known. A pair of matched hanging scrolls (duilian; see Shimonaka, no. 83) reveal Wu’s approach. The words are precisely spaced, the strokes stern, taut and full of power. The juxtaposition of these words in seal script, much closer to ancient pictographs than the later versions of the script, is naturally graphic. Wu adds to the complexity of the pattern through his modulation of each stroke, contrasting carefully rounded movements to the jagged, cut-off edge where the brush is more quickly lifted. --DOA", + "date": "1835 - 1902", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WidmerD", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Widmer, D.", -"comment": "Berger, Ernst and Madeleine Gisler-Huwiler; Parthenon in Basel: Dokumentation Zum Fries, Mainz: Philip von Zabern, 1996. photographer", -"date": "active 1980s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuDan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Dan", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32d24 Alternate names: Wu Tan, 吳丹 Qing dynasty Nanjing School: Term used to refer to a group of Chinese painters active in Nanjing chiefly in the second half of the 17th century, at the start of the Qing period (1644–1912). The Nanjing school was roughly contemporaneous with the Anhui school, which was active in the adjacent Anhui Province. By the late 17th century the leading painters of the school were already identified as the Eight Masters of Jinling [Nanjing] ( Jinling bajia). The earliest extant listing of the eight is by Zhang Geng (1685–1760) in his 1739 Guochao hua zheng lu (‘Catalogue of painting in our dynasty’); most were born elsewhere, but all were active in Nanjing as professional artists. Later lists vary, but the painters most often included are Gong xian, the leader of the school; Fan Qi (1615/16–c. 1694) from Nanjing; Gao Cen (fl 1670s; d 1689) from Hangzhou in Zhejiang Province; Zou Zhe (fl c. 1641–84) from Suzhou, Jiangsu Province; Ye Xin (fl 1650s–70s) from Huating, modern Songjiang; Wu Hong (fl 1670s–1680s) from Junqi, Jiangsu Province; Xie Sun (fl 1679) from Jiangning, Guangxi Province; and Hu Cao (fl 1681) from Jiangning. Others sometimes associated with the school include Lü Qian (fl 1660s–80s) from Suiming, Sichuan Province; Wu Dan and Liu Yu (both fl 1670s–80s), Nanjing natives; and Gong Xian’s pupil Wang Gai (fl 1670s–90s) from Xiushui, Zhejiang Province. -DOA", + "date": "ca. 1672 - 1689", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WiedornWilliamS", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wiedorn, William S.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. American landscape architect, studied at Cornell; worked in Boston, Cleveland and Florida before settling in New Orleans.", -"date": "1896-1988", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuDaozi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Daozi", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32d26z57 Alternate names: Wu Tao-tzu, 吳道子 Tang dynasty (b Yangzhe [modern Yu xian, Henan Province]; fl c. ad 710–60). Chinese painter. Later known as Wu Daoxuan, he is a legendary figure said to have depicted human beings, landscapes, architecture, Buddhist deities, demons, birds and animals. Reportedly, he derived his inspiration from wine and had a mercurial, responsive brushstyle, producing breathtaking vistas of natural scenery and figures across vast areas of temple wall. Hearing of his extraordinary talents, the Emperor Xuanzong (Minghuang; reg 712–56) summoned Wu to his palace at Chang’an (modern Xi’an). Between 742 and 755 the emperor dispatched Wu to the Jialing River in Sichuan Province to paint the scenery. On his return, Wu stated, ‘I have made no draft, but have committed all to memory.’ He proceeded to paint the walls of the hall known as the Datong dian with 300 or more li (c. 150 km) of Jialing River scenery in a single day. Five dragons in the Inner Hall, painted by Wu on another occasion, supposedly had scales so lifelike that each time it was about to rain, they emitted misty vapours (the dragon symbolized imperial power over rain and irrigation). Contemporary accounts report that Wu covered 300–400 wall surfaces in Buddhist and Daoist temples in the two Tang-dynasty (618–907) capitals, Chang’an and Luoyang. Temples included the Tangxing si, Chang’an, where his masterpieces graced the Diamond Sutra Hall, and where he inscribed the sūtra texts himself. Also in Chang’an on the walls of the Cien si pagoda he painted Manjushri and Samanthabhadra and under the western walkway scenes of descending demons and coiling dragons; at the Jinggong si he painted the walls with scenes of hells, Indra and Brahma, and dragon spirits, and in the Yongshou si he painted the Three Central Gates with twin guardian deities. Wu is said originally to have studied calligraphy under Zhang Xu but became dissatisfied with his achievements and turned to painting. Perhaps because of his calligraphic training, his painting is described by contemporaries largely in terms of flowing, vibrant lines, that is brushstrokes rather than areas of colour wash. In the 9th century the critic Zhu Jingxuan observed: ‘Whenever I gaze at Master Wu’s painting, I marvel not so much at the ornamentation, but at his brushwielding, which is peerless, always superb, exhaustively varied, driven with divine and untrammelled energy. Several walls are painted only in ink, and no-one to this day has been able to apply colours to them.’ An old man told Zhu of how he witnessed Wu painting haloes on the two guardian deities of the Central Gate of the Xingshanji in Chang’an, with a large crowd gathered to watch. Wu picked up the brush and in a single stroke created a perfectly round circle entirely freehand; the brush seemed energized as if driven by celestial winds. The crowd was stunned and believed that Wu had divine help. According to another account, when the general Pei Min presented Wu with gifts of silver and gold, asking him to paint at the Tiangong si (Celestial Palace Temple) in Luoyang, Wu returned the gifts unopened, saying, ‘I have long heard tell of the General’s superb sword dancing. If you would but dance for me once, the energy of your sword will surely inspire my brush.’ Pei Min then performed a breathtaking sword dance, after which the painter grasped his brush and in feverish inspiration, as though aided by the gods, created a painting of unmatched quality. It is said that he afterwards applied the colours himself. These accounts indicate that Wu first executed images in ink strokes, and that the application of colour was secondary and perhaps less vital. It suggests a new approach to painting, in which ink is deployed not in a fine, even and draughtsman-like outline aiming at detailed completion, but in an expressive, descriptive and abbreviated style with strokes of undulating width. Unnamed contemporaries reported that ‘the [ink] sashes on Wu’s figures flutter against the wind’, suggesting a swelling and shrinking in stroke width, with uneven individual segments imbued with a textural quality. This brush manner was eventually reflected, though probably subdued, in the figure style of the Northern Song (960–1127) master Li gonglin, visible in the painting attributed to him, Five Tribute Horses. Wu’s creative, varied and spontaneous brush deployment in landscape painting was the precursor to the use of modelling strokes (cunfa) that dominated landscape painting from the Five Dynasties period (ad 907–60) onwards, effectively replacing the use of colour in texture modelling. Zhang Yanyuan (c. ad 815–75) noted that Wu’s ‘strokes and dots are not fully completed but are deliberately punctuated with spaces’. This method of rendering is used to indicate three-dimensionality and the turning of forms in space. Contemporary records indicate that Wu had a fully developed ink style with vigorous, spontaneous, ‘leaflike’ ink strokes describing rounded figures and imbuing them with remarkable lifelike presence and movement. He painted freehand, evidently without meticulous under-drawing or sketches, and at great speed. His brushwork must have been highly economical, with contour and modelling accomplished in reduced but enlivened brushstrokes, often combined in function, as for draperies or mountain folds. Later, ink-based painting with a sparing use of pale colours came to be known as Wu style (Wu zhuang). Surviving attributions, however, do not reflect such aspects of Wu’s art; paintings and rubbings feature studiously rendered figures in even, continuous and usually profuse lines. An impression of Wu’s lifelike images is offered by contemporary painted sculptures of celestial guardians in the Hokkeidō and Kaidan’in (Nara, Tōdaiji). His interrupted swelling-line technique is intimated, though in a paler version and without the mastery, in the facial cartoons created by earlier craftsmen on the Hōryūji murals in Nara. A sense of his brief, descriptive brushwork in landscape is given by the mountain background of the plectrum guard on the biwa lute, a contemporary Tang-period piece (Nara, Tōdaiji; see fig. ). --DOA", + "date": "ca. 710 - 760", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WiegleyJeff", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wiegley, Jeff", -"comment": "Greene, Rachel; Internet Art, London: Thames & Hudson, 2004. ", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuFan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Fan", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "born 1923", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WienerKeramik", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wiener Keramik", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. The artist studio "Wiener Keramik" (Viennese Ceramic) was founded by Powolny & Berthold Loeffler in 1906 (merged with Gmundner Keramik in 1913) and made Viennese ceramic works world famous. -- http://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/signed-wiener-keramik-munich-bacchus-by-powolny", -"date": "1906-1913", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuGuanghua", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Guanghua", + "comment": "Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she; Shanghai ban hua xuan ji, Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1963. born in Dongxiang, Jiangxi Province; alternate name: 吴光华", + "date": "born 1933", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WienerPorzellanmanufakturJosefBöck", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wiener Porzellanmanufaktur Josef Böck", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1828-1960", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuGuanzhong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Guanzhong", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + "date": "born 1919", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WienerWerkstätte", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wiener Werkstätte", -"comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. alt. name: Vienna Workshops", -"date": "1903-1932", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuGuxiang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Guxiang", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32g35x25 Alternate names: Wu Ku-hsiang, 吳穀祥 Qing dynasty From Zhejiang province. Painted landscapes, figures, flowers, in the traditional school. -Seymour", + "date": "1848 - 1903", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WiertzJupp", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wiertz, Jupp", -"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", -"date": "1888-1939", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuHong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Hong", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32h33 Alternate names: Wu Hung, 吳宏 Qing dynasty From Jiangsu province. Lived in Nanjing. One of the "Eight Masters of Nanjing." Painted landscapes and bamboo. -Seymour", + "date": "ca. 1670 - 1680", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilburCKeith", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wilbur, C. Keith", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuHuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Huan", + "comment": "Tomita, Kojiro and Hsien-Chi Tseng; Portfolio of Chinese Paintings, Yuan to Ch'ing Periods, Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1961. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilcoxHarriettElizabeth", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wilcox, Harriett Elizabeth", -"comment": "Raizman, David S. History of Modern Design. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2004. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilderJohnny", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wilder, Johnny", -"comment": "Ewald, Wendy; Portraits and Dreams: Photographs and stories by children of the Appalachians, London: Writers and Readers Publishing Cooperative Society Ltd., 1985. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuHufan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Hufan", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32h35f23 Alternate names: Wu Hu-fan, 吳湖帆 Modern Worked and lived in Suzhou and Shanghai. Collector and connoisseur. Painter in the academic school. Specialist in landscapes, birds and flowers. Inscription in running script style dated 1933. --Seymour ", + "date": "1894 - 1968", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilhelmRichard", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wilhelm, Richard", -"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. ", -"date": "born 1935", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuJide", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Jide", + "comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Yuhang, Zhejiang province", + "date": "born 1942", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilkinsLizzie", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wilkins, Lizzie", -"comment": "Wildman, Stephen and John Christian; Edward Burne-Jones: Victorian Artist-Dreamer, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, distributed by Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1998. ", -"date": "active ca. 1896-1900", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuJinming", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Jinming", + "comment": "Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she; Shanghai ban hua xuan ji, Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1963. alternate name: 邬金明", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilkinsonBill", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wilkinson, Bill", -"comment": "Coleman, Elizabeth Ann; Genius of Charles James, New York: Brooklyn Museum, 1982. Fashion illustrator", -"date": "active ca. 1980", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuJunfa", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Junfa", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. Wu Junfa was born in Guangfeng, Zhejiang Province. He began creating woodcut from 1943. alternate name: 吴俊发", + "date": "born 1927", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WillClark", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Will, Clark", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -"date": "1970s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuLiangzhi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Liangzhi", + "comment": "Barnhart, Richard M; Painters of the great Ming: the Imperial Court and the Zhe School, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 1993. Ming dynasty. unrecorded dates", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WillametteIronWorks", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Willamette Iron Works", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Foundry based in Portland, Oregon; was renamed Willamette Iron and Steel Works in 1904; ceased operation in 1990.", -"date": "1865-1904", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WillardA", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Willard, A.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. New England printmaker", -"date": "mid 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuQiangnian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Qiangnian", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Maoming, Guangdong Province; member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 吴强年", + "date": "born 1937", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WillhelmHengerSöhne", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Willhelm Henger Söhne", -"comment": "Friese, Christiane; Plakatkunst, 1880-1935, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta , 1994. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuQingyun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Qingyun", + "comment": "Brown, Claudia and Ju-hsi Chou; Transcending Turmoil: Painting at the Close of China's Empire, 1796-1911, Phoenix: Phoenix Art Museum, 1992. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamAandSSmee", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "William A. & S. Smee", -"comment": "Soros, Susan Weber; Secular Furniture of E. W. Godwin with Catalogue Raisonné, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999. ", -"date": "late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamCookeandSons", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "William Cooke & Sons", -"comment": "Whiteway, Michael; Christopher Dresser: A Design Revolution, London: V&A Publications, 2004. William Cooke & Sons was to prove the most prolific of Dresser’s wallpaper collaborations. Established in 1856, Cooke had a short manufacturing life, closing in 1893, but throughout was highly regarded for block and machine printing. From “Shock of the Old, 2004, pg.69", -"date": "1856-1893", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuRan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Ran", + "comment": "China Publications Center; Modern Chinese Woodcuts, Beijing: Guozi Shudian, 1965. alternate name: Wu Jan", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamFRossandCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "William F. Ross & Company", -"comment": "Meyer, Marilee Boyd; Inspiring Reform: Boston's Arts and Crafts Movement, Wellesley: Davis Museum and Cultural Center, 1997. Cambridge and East Cambridge, MA", -"date": "ca. 1904-1921", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuShanzhuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Shanzhuan", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. b. Zhoushan, Zhejiang province, PRC Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou Hochschule für Bildende Kunst, Hamburg", + "date": "b. 1960", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamHuttonandSonsLtd", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "William Hutton & Sons Ltd.", -"comment": "Greenhalgh, Paul; Art Nouveau, 1890-1914, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2000. ", -"date": "active late 19th-early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuShengjin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Shengjin", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Wu Sheng-chin", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamThorowgoodandCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "William Thorowgood and Company", -"comment": "Meggs, Philip B.; History of Graphic Design, 3rd edition, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998. ", -"date": "active ca. 1845", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuShuilong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Shuilong", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Wu Shui-lung", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamesShedrich", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Williames, Shedrich", -"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. ", -"date": "born 1934", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuShujuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Shujuan", + "comment": "Weidner, Marsha, Ellen Johnston Laing, Irving Yucheng Lo, Christina Chu, and James Robinson; Views from Jade Terrace: Chinese Women Artists 1300-1912, Indianapolis: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 1988 (0847810038). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamsandSmith", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Williams and Smith", -"comment": "https://digital.lib.washington.edu/architect/architects/5953/. Warren Heywood Williams and Arthur L. Smith", -"date": "1888-1889", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamsandWilliams", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Williams and Williams", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuTao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Tao", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamsMorleyJ", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Williams, Morley J.", -"comment": "Architects' Emergency Committee; Great Georgian Houses of America, 1970 unabridged republication, New York: Dover Publications, 1970. ", -"date": "ca. 1970", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamsPatWard", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Williams, Pat Ward", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -"date": "born 1948", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuTienchang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Tien-chang", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. b. Taipei Chinese Cultural University, Taipei, 1980", + "date": "b. 1956", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamsWarrenHeywood", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Williams, Warren Heywood", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -"date": "1844-1888", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuWei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Wei", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32w26 Alternate names: Wu Wei, 吳偉 Ming dynasty (b Wuchang, Hubei Province, 1459; d 1508). Chinese painter. Wu was born into a family of scholar-officials. His father, who took the provincial-level civil-service degree to become a juren, was interested in alchemy and collected paintings and calligraphy. However, when Wu was still young, his father’s dissolute life-style and then death resulted in family ruin. Wu was brought up by a provincial official; at the age of 17 he travelled to the southern capital, Nanjing, hoping to establish himself as a painter. Early adverse circumstances meant that Wu had little hope of entering official service; instead, through the friendship and patronage of influential people, and in spite of being self-taught, he rose on the merits of his artistic abilities to a position at the court of the Chenghua emperor (reg 1465–87). In the Jiangnan region (south China) he met a tutor of the heir-apparent named Chu, who held the hereditary title Duke of Chengguo. Chu found work for Wu and gave him the sobriquet, or hao, Xiaoxian, (‘Small Immortal’). Shortly before the death of the Chenghua emperor in 1488, Wu was invited to the main capital at Beijing and honoured with the title daizhao (painter in attendance) in the Renzhi Dian (Palace of Virtue and Knowledge), as well as a low-ranking honorary official post. He was also awarded a seal that read ‘foremost among painters’. According to anecdote, Chenghua once summoned Wu to paint a scene of pine trees in a wind. Wu arrived in the imperial presence drunk, supported by two servants, but nonetheless proceeded to spill ink onto a screen on the floor and, by rubbing and smearing, to create so powerful an illusion of wind and clouds that the servants grew pale with fear; Chenghua reportedly pronounced Wu’s work to be that of an immortal. When his service ended Wu returned to Nanjing, where he gained a reputation for licentiousness and heavy drinking. Under the Hongzhi emperor (reg 1488–1505) he was recalled to court, but was soon granted leave to return to Wuchang to ‘sweep the ancestral tombs’. The next imperial summons was accompanied by the gift of a house in a fashionable section of Beijing. However, Wu remained only two years before relocating to Nanjing. In 1508, under the Zhengde emperor (reg 1506–21), the painter received his final summons to the capital; he died while preparing for the journey, apparently from the effects of drink. Wu is said to have had four wives and at least four children. Wu was an eccentric painter in the manner of Gu Kaizhi and Wu Daozi. His erratic behaviour, combined with a swift, sure technique, identifies him with the longstanding tradition in Chinese painting of the ‘untrammelled’ genius, whose nonconformity adds to his charm and reputation. In artistic style he was versatile (sometimes considered a defect), equally adept at disciplined, plain-line (baimiao) painting and at the rough ‘scribbly’ manner used in many paintings of Chan Buddhist or Daoist subjects. In landscape painting he was influenced by Dai jin and is consequently classed as a Zhe school artist. Few of Wu’s surviving paintings are dated, but it is likely that his Dai Jin-flavoured landscapes are from the early part of his career. Other landscapes with figures are possibly later, featuring looser, more rapid and flowing brushwork and emphasizing a kinaesthetic dimension rather than careful delineation of form. His most impressive landscape, painted in fast-running brushwork, is Myriad Miles of the Long River (1505; Beijing, Pal. Mus.) Wu’s versatility is perhaps most marked in his figure paintings. The hanging scroll Two Daoist Immortals (Shanghai Mus.) represents what is commonly known as the artist’s ‘rough’ style, relying for animation and intensity upon the muscular tension of the figures’ poses, a nervous handling of drapery and variations in thickness of the rapid brushline. At the other extreme is the plain-line drawing (baimiao) manner, conveying a sense of mass and space, employed by both professional and amateur artists after the 11th-century painter Li Gonglin. Lady Carrying a Pipa (see fig.) represents a mixture of the two styles that possibly originated with Wu. It is not true plain-line drawing since it lacks control and precision, and there are areas of light ink wash. It does, however, retain a sense of refinement unusual in rough works. While the exact subject is uncertain, the melancholy figure, presented in profile and carrying a pipa (Chinese lute) in a brocade bag over her shoulder, recalls Zhao Wuniang, the heroine of the mid-14th-century play Lute Song, who journeyed to the capital in search of her lover. If such a reference is intended, the attempt to incorporate the energizing effect of a ‘scribbly’ line with the wistful dignity of plain-line style is appropriate and successful. --DOA", + "date": "1459 - 1508", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamsenAnn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Williamsen, Ann", -"comment": "Abernathy, Ann; Oak Park Home and Studio of Frank Lloyd Wright, Oak Park, IL: Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio Foundation, 1988. ", -"date": "late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuXizai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Xizai", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamsonSue", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Williamson, Sue", -"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. ", -"date": "born 1941", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WillmannManfred", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Willmann, Manfred", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Manfred Willmann, the Austrian photographer and editor of the magazine "Camera Austria", shows the two photo cycles Das Land (1981 - 1993) and Oman (1997) at the Secession. ", -"date": "born 1952", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuYuanzhi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Yuanzhi", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32y37z44 Alternate names: Wu Yüan-chih, 武元直 Song dynasty From Beijing. Painted landscapes. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 1190 - 1196", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilloughbyFrancisSir", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Willoughby, Francis, Sir", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active late 16th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuYunhua", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Yunhua", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Heilongjiang Province; graduated 1968 from the Luxun Institute of Fine Arts in Shenyang; 1985-1987 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing; lives and works in Liaoning Province.", + "date": "b. 1944", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilmerdingWilliamE", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wilmerding, William E.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. American photographer", -"date": "1858-1932", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuZhen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Zhen", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32z42 Alternate names: Wu Chen, 吳鎮 Yuan dynasty (b Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 1280; d 1354). Chinese painter. Although he was well educated, especially in philosophy and swordsmanship, he never took the examinations to enter government, preferring to spend most of his life in his home town with occasional visits to such nearby towns as Hangzhou and Wuxing. A scholar of the Yijing (‘Book of changes’), he practised fortune-telling to make a living. As a painter he was not as successful commercially as Sheng Mao (one of his neighbours), but he had his own circle of literati friends, including such painters as Wu Guan and Zhang Guan and such scholars as Tao Zhongyi. As a painter, Wu is known for his landscapes and paintings of bamboo, most of which are in ink on paper, in free brushwork; his calligraphy is also noted for its cursive style (caoshu). His earliest known painting is Two Junipers (hanging scroll, ink on silk, 1328; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), which is strongly influenced by the 10th-century master Juran. Wu’s interest in the free use of texture strokes on mountains and rocks and in the shapes of trees and branches is already apparent. Central Mountain (handscroll, ink on paper, 1336; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) shows the large, broad brushstrokes and simplified composition typical of his mature works. In his landscapes his favourite subject is the hermit fisherman, a theme drawn from an ancient Chinese allegory, in which wise men, finding the world in turmoil, maintain their personal integrity by withdrawing from society to live like fishermen on rivers and lakes. The most famous paintings of this subject are Fishermen, of which two sections from an original four are extant (1336; both Beijing, Pal. Mus.), Hermit Fisherman in Lake Dongting (1341), Fisherman (1342; see fig.), A Lonely Fisherman on an Autumn River (all hanging scrolls, Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) and Fishermen, after Jing Hao (handscroll, 1345, Shanghai Mus.; similar composition, 1342, Washington, DC, Freer). All of these display Wu’s bold and free brushwork, his extremely simplified composition and his highly personal mode of expression. Other works demonstrate Wu’s facility to work in different styles. Spring Morning on the Clear River (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) is a grand landscape in the tradition of the Northern Song period (960–1127), with high mountains and deep vistas that show a strong influence of the 10th-century masters Dong Yuan and Juran. Another interesting but quite different landscape is Eight Views of Jiahe (1344; Taipei, Lo Chia-lun priv. col.), a topographical painting with many inscriptions indicating specific sites and locations in his home town. It is one of the rare works based on actual scenes that anticipated the development of the topographical style of landscape that flourished during the Ming period (1368–1644). However, even in this realistic portrayal of Jiaxing, his brushwork remains blunt and free. By contrast, Poetic Feeling in a Thatched Pavilion (1347; Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.), a landscape painted for a friend, shows a complete disregard for realistic detail, with free brushwork creating rhythmic patterns. One of the most famous Yuan period painters of bamboo, Wu wrote long inscriptions on all his bamboo paintings, indicating his artistic lineage and expressing the symbolic significance of bamboo. These include Bamboo and Rock (hanging scroll, 1347), Bamboo Studies (album of 20 leaves, 1350; both Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) and Bamboo after Su Shi (hanging scroll, 1350; Washington, DC, Freer). As indicated in his inscriptions, he followed the literati tradition of painting bamboo in monochrome black ink, first established as a literati motif by artists such as Wen Tong and Su Shi in the Northern Song period (960–1127) and Li Kan in the Yuan (1279–1368), all of whom used it to express the moral integrity and aesthetic superiority of an educated gentleman. In his album Bamboo Studies, painted for his son, Wu not only displayed the different manners of depicting the bamboo as used by Song and Yuan period masters but also included many other compositions of his own, portraying the bamboo growing upward, hanging downward, in a clear day, or blowing in the wind. All these bamboo paintings display a very consistent style: simple composition, bold brushwork and abstraction from nature. Wu Zhen was not recognized as a painter until the 15th century, when a number of painters active in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, notably Shen Zhou, the founder of the Wu school of literati painting (see China, §V, 4(ii)), became highly interested in his style. By the late 16th century Wu was considered one of the Four Great Masters of the Yuan. --DOA", + "date": "1280 - 1354", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilmotteGeorge", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wilmotte, George", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -"date": "late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuZongyuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Zongyuan", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32z58y37 Alternate names: Wu Tsung-yüan, 武宗元 Northern Song dynasty From Hunan province. Painted Buddhist and Daoist figures, imitated Daozi and Wang Kuan. --Seymour In the Northern Song period (960–1127), the new capital at Bianliang (modern Kaifeng, Henan Province), became the centre of Chinese painting. By the mid-11th century Wu Zongyuan (d 1050) dominated figure painting; his style was based on the bravura manner of Wu Daozi. --DOA", + "date": "early 11th century, d. 1050", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilmsenEndicottandUnthank", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wilmsen, Endicott and Unthank", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Oregon architecture firm", -"date": "1960-1968", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuZuoren", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wu, Zuoren", + "comment": "Fong, Wen; Between Two Cultures: Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Chinese Paintings From the Robert H. Ellsworth Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; New Haven: Metropolitan Museum of Art; Yale University Press, 2001. 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American builder", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilsonDelmer", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wilson, Delmer", -"comment": "Rieman, Timothy D. and Jean M. Burks; Complete Book of Shaker Furniture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , Publishers, 1993. Shaker furniture maker", -"date": "1873-1961", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WujcikTheo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wujcik, Theo", + "comment": "Acton, David; Sixty Years of North American Prints: 1947-2007, Boston: Boston Printmakers, 2009. American artist and printmaker", + "date": "born 1936", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilsonGeorge", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wilson, George", -"comment": "Wildman, Stephen and John Christian; Edward Burne-Jones: Victorian Artist-Dreamer, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, distributed by Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1998. ", -"date": "1848-1890", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WulzWanda", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wulz, Wanda", + "comment": "Lista, Giovanni; Futurism & Photography, London: Merrell Publishers Limited, 2001. ", + "date": "1903-1984", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilsonGeorgeFergusson", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wilson, George Fergusson", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. businessman, scientist, inventor and keen gardener and a former Treasurer of the Royal Horticultural Society (UK)", -"date": "active late 19th-early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WurbelFranz", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wurbel, Franz", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "b. 1896", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilsonJonathanG", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wilson, Jonathan G.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -"date": "active early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Wuzhuzi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wuzhuzi", + "comment": "Fachang, Shih Ruofen, Teisuke Toda; Mokkei, Gyokkan, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1973. Chinese painter of Chan Buddhist subjects", + "date": "active late 13th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilsonMarion", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wilson, Marion", -"comment": "Kaplan, Wendy; Charles Rennie Mackintosh, New York: Abbeville Press, 1996. ", -"date": "1869-1956", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WysongLinda", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wysong, Linda", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilsonStanleyG", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wilson, Stanley G.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WinchesterZiba", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Winchester, Ziba", -"comment": "Sprigg, June; Shaker Design, New York, London: Whitney Museum of American Art, W.W. Norton & Company, 1986. Shaker furniture maker", -"date": "1800-after1838", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiAxing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xi, Axing", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Shanghai, Xi learned woodcut independently. He is the member of Shanghai branch of the Chinese Artists' Association and the member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association. alternate name: 奚阿兴 ", + "date": "born 1944", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WindJohn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wind, John", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. English architect-craftsman, one of the first architects to practice in south Georgia", -"date": "mid 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiGuorong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xi, Guorong", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WindrimJohnTorrey", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Windrim, John Torrey", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1866-1934", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaChang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xia, Chang", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x23c35 Alternate names: Hsia Ch'ang, 夏昶 Ming dynasty From Jiangsu province. Younger brother of Xia Bing. Painted bamboo, rocks, calligraphy after Wang Fu. --Seymour", + "date": "1388 - 1470", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WinfieldRW", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Winfield, R. W.", -"comment": "Baker, Malcolm and Brenda Richardson; Grand Design: the Art of the Victoria and Albert Museum, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1997. ", -"date": "active 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaGui", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xia, Gui", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x23g42 Alternate names: Hsia Kuei, 夏珪 Southern Song dynasty (b Lin’an [modern Hangzhou], Zhejiang Province; fl c. 1195–c. 1235). Chinese painter. Xia Gui and his close contemporary Ma yuan are considered the two greatest painters of the Southern Song (1127–1279) Academy (see China, §V, 4(i)(c)). They established the Ma–Xia style, a term that came to describe not merely their own work but an entire aesthetic. Early writers provide little biographical information about Xia Gui. Zhou Mi, in his account of the Southern Song capital Lin’an (c. 1280), included both Xia and Ma Yuan in a list of ten painters under the heading Yuqian huayuan (‘Art academy in the imperial presence’). Zhuang Su wrote (1298) that Xia was a zhihou (usher) in the Academy under Emperor Lizong (reg 1225–64) and that he painted landscapes and figures. This is partly corroborated by the deciphering of a seal belonging to Lizong’s empress, Xie, on a handscroll of Twelve Views of Landscape, of which four views survive (ink on silk; Kansas City, MO, Nelson–Atkins Mus. A.). Zhuang Su further associated Xia’s painting with the degenerate taste of a declining dynasty and described him as ‘exceedingly common and distasteful’, and ‘only able to realize a name for himself in his own time’. Tang Hou included Xia in a brief list of famous Academy artists (c. 1320) but dismissed the importance of all except Li Tang. The early rejection of Xia Gui can be explained by the rise of anti-Academic literati taste in the early part of the Yuan period (1279–1368). Towards the end of the Yuan, however, evaluation of Xia Gui became more positive both among those of Academic taste and among the literati. In 1365 Xia Wenyan wrote that Xia Gui was a daizhao (painter in attendance) under Emperor Ningzong (reg 1195–1224) when he received the honour of the jindai (‘golden belt’), and that he painted human figures, distilling ‘high and low’. Xia Wenyan also described Xia Gui’s technique: ink tones like the laying on of powdery colours, brushwork that was venerable and time-honoured, and ink that flowed dripping and wet, ‘unique’. In painting landscapes, no Academician since Li Tang was his equal. His snow scenes were entirely after Fan Kuan. In 1344 Ni Zan, writing about a Xia Gui mountain landscape no longer extant, clearly defined the artist’s place in painting history: he suggested that a tradition with roots in Jing hao and Fan Kuan and developed by Li Tang, who moved to Lin’an at the end of his life, culminated in Xia Gui and Ma Yuan. Even the late Ming scholar–painter Dong Qichang, who usually disapproved of Academy artists, commended Xia. In 1627 he wrote, with respect to the Twelve Views handscroll, that Xia Gui followed Li Tang but with greater cursoriness. He particularly praised Xia’s handling of ink, ‘now dissolving, now disappearing’, such that the ink play (moxi) of Mi Fu and Mi Youren was at his brushtip. This was high praise indeed, for the Two Mis were considered the epitome of scholar–painter ideals. The growing acceptance of Xia Gui within a defined tradition was partly due to his strong and forceful style, especially in painting winter landscapes. In recognition of this style, the painter, calligrapher and statesman Wang Duo (1592–1652) attributed to Xia Gui an anonymous Song hanging scroll, Landscape (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), citing the Fan Kuan–Li Tang relationship and comparing the painting’s stark and sombre snow and rocks to ‘cold iron’ (hantie). Scholars are uncertain about the authenticity of paintings attributed to Xia Gui. Two important album leaves in the shape of rounded fans, Gazing at the Waterfall (ink and colour on silk; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) and Full Sail on the Misty River (ink on silk; Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.), appear to indicate an early Xia Gui style closely connected with 12th-century painting, especially the followers of Li Tang. Both have signatures, but that on the latter is open to interpretation and has been attributed by some to Xia Gui’s son, Xia Shen, despite being in a believable 12th-century style. Five paintings define the subtleties of Xia’s mature style: A Pure and Remote View of Streams and Mountains (see fig.); the four surviving views in Twelve Views of Landscape; an album leaf in the shape of a rounded fan, Sailboat in the Rain (ink and slight colour on silk; Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.); a small hanging scroll, Landscape (ink on silk; Tokyo, N. Mus.); and a leaf from the album Hikkōen (‘The brush-tilled garden’), Rainy Landscape (Tokyo, Nakamura priv. col.). Characteristic features of these are close promontories with active, leaning trees; leaves created by moist, melting ink-touches, perhaps with a ‘split brush’; crisp, swordlike, bare branch-ends; sharp cliffs accented by ‘axe-cut strokes’ ( fupi cun), a convention inherited from Li Tang; gentle washes for land surfaces or distant mountain ranges; probing landspits fingering open areas of water and sky; and mists fading into the distance leaving only the spare suggestion of far hill-crests or light wash melting into silent spaces. Some landscapes were wet and bending with the movement of wind and rain, others embraced by quiet mists, and yet others crystal clear with sculpted, firm mountain peaks. Small figures, including travellers, fishermen, scholars and priests, inhabit Xia Gui’s landscapes, perhaps indicative of the appearance of his alleged figure paintings, none of which survive. Other abbreviated forms include a bridge, boat, gateway, rustic hamlet or temple; Xia was noted for the free-hand rendering of architectural elements (without a ruler). Xia Gui’s son, Xia Shen, continued his father’s general style, partially exemplified by Wang Cuxiang’s (1501–68) copy (1541) of a 14-leaf Xia Shen album (Tapei, N. Pal. Mus.). Xia Gui’s influence, particularly in association with that of Ma Yuan, pervaded painting throughout East Asia. The Ma–Xia style was stressed by the painters Sun Junze ( fl early 14th century) and Wang Li (b 1322) and in the 15th and 16th centuries became the foundation of the so-called Zhe school, headed by Dai Jin. In Japan, Xia Gui’s style had a major influence on ink painting of the Muromachi period (1333–1568) (see Japan, §VI, 4(ii)). --DOA", + "date": "first half 13th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WingfieldRichard", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wingfield, Richard", -"comment": "thepeerage.com. ", -"date": "d. 1751", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaKui", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xia, Kui", + "comment": "Barnhart, Richard M; Painters of the great Ming: the Imperial Court and the Zhe School, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 1993. 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", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WinnettMerryMoor", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Winnett, Merry Moor", -"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. ", -"date": "born 1951", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WinslowBrothersCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Winslow Brothers Company", -"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999 (0939802872). Based in Chicago.", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaPeng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xia, Peng", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Hangxian, Zhejiang Province; alternate name: 夏朋; original names: Yao Fu, 姚馥", + "date": "1911-1935", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WinslowWilliamHerman", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Winslow, William Herman", -"comment": "Clark, Robert Judson; Arts and Crafts Movement in America, 1876-1916, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972. A client of Frank Lloyd Wright, Winslow established the Auvergne Press at his home in River Forest in 1896", -"date": "1895-1905", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaShen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xia, Shen", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). SEE: Xia Sheng x23s39 Alternate names: Hsia Shen, 夏森 Southern Song dynasty Son of Xia Gui. Painted landscapes. --Seymour", + "date": "mid 13th century ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WisniewskiMaciej", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wisniewski, Maciej", -"comment": "Joselit, David; American Art Since 1945, London: Thames and Hudson, 2003. Founder and Chief Scientist, USA, www.netomat.net", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaXiaowan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xia, Xiaowan", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Beijing", + "date": "b. 1959", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WisselAdolf", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wissel, Adolf", -"comment": "Adam, Peter; Art of the Third Reich, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1992. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaYong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xia, Yong", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x23y33 Alternate names: Hsia Yung, 夏永 Yuan dynasty Represented the Palace of the Prince of Ding and the Yellow Crane Towers by embroidering with human hair. Painted landscapes, architectural and boundary paintings. --Seymour", + "date": "14th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WittedT", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Witted, T.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiamenDada", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xiamen Dada", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Artists' group based in Xiamen city, Fujian, led by Huang Yongping", + "date": "formed in 1986", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WittmerAlbert", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wittmer, Albert", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -"date": "1910-1980", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiangErgong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xiang, Ergong", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Anhui, council member of Guangdong branch of the Chinese Artists' Association; alternate name: 项而躬", + "date": "born 1932", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WoZha", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wo, Zha", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Quxian, Zhejiang Province; alternate name: 沃渣", -"date": "1905-1973", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiangLiqing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xiang, Liqing", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Chinese artist and photographer, born in Shaoxing, attended the China Academy of Fine Arts; lives and works in Shanghai", + "date": "b. 1973", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WOHAArchitects", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "WOHA Architects", -"comment": "Roth, Manuela; Ecological Living, Kempen: teNeus Verlag, 2009. Architecture firm based in Singapore", -"date": "active ca. 1995-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiangShengmo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xiang, Shengmo", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x25s42m39 Alternate names: Hsiang Sheng-mo, 項聖謨, Xiang Kongzhang Ming dynasty (b Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 1597; d 1658). Chinese painter, grandson of (1) Xiang Yuanbian. He grew up in cultured surroundings with access to Yuanbian’s collection. Through family connections he knew some of the leading artistic figures of the late Ming period (1368–1664), including the painting theorist Dong Qichang, who was employed as a tutor in the household and later contributed inscriptions to some of Xiang’s paintings. Referring to Zhang Yanyuan’s analysis in Lidai minghua ji (‘Record of famous painters of all periods’; completed c. 847) of the first law of painting put forward in the 6th century by Xie He in Gu huapin lu (‘Classification of painters’), Dong praised Xiang’s works for expressing the vital movement inherent in things (qiyun or shenyun, ‘spirit resonance’), whereby an artist achieves accurate representation. Xiang also knew a number of painters from Songjiang, an art centre near Shanghai, including Chen Jiru. Xiang wrote that in his youth he was forced to paint at night because his father made him study for the official examinations by day, despite the fact that he had no enthusiasm for a career in government affairs. His love of art and his confidence in his ability are suggested by a dream he recorded: ‘One night I dreamt that my brush stood up like a pillar more than ten feet tall. I climbed up and occupied the top of it, clapping my hands, laughing and talking. Since then, I have felt as if I were inspired and have often achieved fine results while imitating the works of ancient masters.’ However, he not only copied old masterworks but also drew inspiration from nature. In 1645 the Manchus occupied Nanjing, and Xiang Shengmo and his relatives were forced to flee south. Their art collection was largely destroyed and several members of the family committed suicide. Xiang survived and expressed his anguish in poetry and in painting. Jiaxing xian zhi, the local history, records that in his later years he lived a life of poverty along the Fuchun River, selling his paintings to survive. Xiang’s most important work is a series of six landscape handscrolls on the theme of eremetic withdrawal. Traditionally a wise ruler would summon a virtuous recluse to his government, and the recluse would demonstrate the purity of his spirit by declining the invitation or serving only briefly before retreating once more to the wilderness. The earliest of the paintings, Calling the Hermit (1625–6; Los Angeles, CA, Co. Mus. A.), seems strongly influenced by Dong Qichang, whom the artist visited in Songjiang (1625–6), and who had painted a picture on the same theme, Calling the Hermit at Qingxi (handscroll, ink on paper, 1611; Lyme, NH, priv. col., see Cahill, pl. 39). But whereas Dong took pains to play down narrative content or easily readable depictions of nature, Xiang presented the viewer with a long composition that blends fanciful, animated landscape forms with mundane activity: gentlemen fishing, crossing bridges or sitting in thatched houses. Xiang’s scrolls painted after his family’s ruin are shorter, smaller works that required less of his time and were probably more saleable. Chu-tsing Li suggests that the colour red, which appears more often in Xiang’s works after 1645, is a visual allusion to his loyalty to the pre-Manchu Ming rulers whose family name, Zhu, means ‘red’. --DOA", + "date": "1597 - 1658", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WohlauerRonaldW", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wohlauer, Ronald W.", -"comment": "Hume, Sandy, Ellen Manchester, Gary Metz and Nathan Lyons; Great West: Real/Ideal, Boulder: University of Colorado at Boulder, 1977. American photographer", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiangqiuZhima", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xiangqiu, Zhima", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Sichuan Province, Tibetan; alternate name: 翔秋志玛", + "date": "born 1947", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WoillezE", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Woillez, E.", -"comment": "Bonnet-Laborderie, Philippe; Cathédrale Saint-Pierre : Histoire et Architecture, Beauvais: G.E.M.O.B, 1978. ", -"date": "active early 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XianyuShu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xianyu, Shu", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x24y35s45 Alternate names: Hsien-yü Shu, 鮮于樞 Yuan dynasty Early literati: In the early years following the reunification of China under Mongol rule, Chinese calligraphers concentrated on the transmission and perpetuation of the literati tradition from before the Song period. Important works of art, once in the possession of the imperial collections of the Jin (1115–1234) and Southern Song (1127–1279) dynasties, began to make their way into private hands. Scholar-calligraphers, now able to travel north and south for the first time since the political division of the country at the end of the Northern Song period (960–1127), gained access to these works. In the literary circles centred around Lin’an (now Hangzhou, Jiangsu Province), the capital of the Southern Song, the circulation of works by calligraphers of the Tang period (ad 618–907) and earlier fostered scholarly discussion and an artistic exchange that to a great extent determined the subsequent developments of calligraphy during the Yuan period. The scholar-calligraphers Zhao Mengfu (see Zhao, (1) ) and Xianyu Shu (?1257–1302), in particular, initiated a systematic and disciplined study of the ancient styles, which led to a classical revival referred to as a ‘return to antiquity’ (fugu) (see fig.). Reacting against the tendency of the Song calligraphers towards extreme individualism and personal excess, Zhao and Xianyu sought in the ancient models a more objective standard of excellence. This revival of classical works of the Eastern Jin (ad 317–420) and Tang periods marked an end to the dominant influence of Su Shi, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fu (see §(iv)(a) above). Zhao Mengfu’s intimate friendship with the northern calligrapher Xianyu Shu and their study and mastery of all of the major scripts in the styles of the ancient masters exemplified the new spirit of the literati in the Yuan period. Zhao Mengfu’s specialized studies and systematic analyses of the works of the ancient masters were reflected in his own mature calligraphic style, developed between 1311 and his death in 1322. During this time he achieved the ‘grand synthesis’ (da cheng) of the various aspects of the art of calligraphy; his works were not so much highly personalized calligraphic expressions as virtuoso performances, appreciated for embodying the ‘flavour of antiquity’ (guyi). His greatest achievement was his regular script (kaishu), in which he displayed equal mastery in the large, medium and small versions. The Record of the Miaoyan Monastery in Huzhou (Huzhou Miaoyan si ji) was written by Zhao upon the completion of the rebuilding of the monastery originally known as the Eastern Temple (Dongji yuan). Executed in large regular script (da kaishu), the inscription typifies the synthesis of Zhao’s mature style, in which elements of the calligraphy of Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin period and Chu Suiliang, Yan Zhenqing and Li Yong of the Tang period are apparent (see §§(ii)(d) and (iii)(a) and (b) above). Zhao Mengfu was especially praised by contemporary scholar-calligraphers for his small regular script (xiao kaishu). His transcription of Mi Fu’s Hua shi (‘History of painting’; c. 1103; Lyme, NJ, Wango H.C. Weng priv. col.), for example, exhibits the balanced classical order and restrained elegance of Ouyang Xun and Chu Suiliang. Whereas Zhao Mengfu’s calligraphy is an expression of the sophistication and refinement of the southern scholar–official, Xianyu Shu’s compositions embody the northern ‘heroic spirit’ (gushi). After serving as a clerical official at the Yuan capital of Dadu (now Beijing), Xianyu was transferred to Hangzhou in about 1283, where he eventually retired. A northerner in temperament and physical bearing, he was much appreciated by Zhao Mengfu and the other members of his literary circle for the northern heritage that found expression in his calligraphy and poetry. Xianyu was especially respected for his connoisseurship: important Eastern Jin and Tang works in his collection, such as the Dingwu Orchid Pavilion Preface (Lanting xu) by Wang Xizhi, were made the topic of numerous artistic gatherings. Through these scholarly and aesthetic exchanges between northern and southern literati, a social and cultural climate was established that was highly conducive to a calligraphic practice that sought inspiration for innovation in the classical tradition of the old masters. Admonitions of the Imperial Censors (Yushi zhen; 1299; Princeton U., NJ, A. Mus.) is a transcription by Xianyu Shu of an essay written by the prominent Jin poet and official Zhao Bingwen (1159–1232). Inscribed with a slightly worn brush in large regular script, the characters were conceived on a monumental scale and conveyed an immediacy of execution that established their continuity with the aesthetic spirit of the north during its occupation by the Jürchen Jin. Xianyu could identify with Zhao Bingwen: both were northern Chinese and both had to serve alien rulers. Xianyu’s decision to copy this particular essay as a veiled criticism of the Mongol regime would not have been lost on his fellow literati. What differentiates Xianyu Shu’s calligraphy from that of his northern predecessors and marks it as distinctively Yuan is the stability and balance of his character formations and the clearly articulated relationships between his brushstrokes, which are executed with inner restraint. These features are clear evidence of his profound study of the classical tradition of calligraphy. Nowhere is this more apparent than in his cursive script (caoshu), which even Zhao Mengfu considered superior to his own. Song of the Stone Drums (Shigu ge; see fig. 98), a poem written some five centuries earlier by Han Yu (ad 768–824), was transcribed by Xianyu in the year before his death. Considered the finest example of his mature cursive script, it is written with tremendous vigour in a style clearly influenced by the calligraphy of Wang Xizhi (see Wang (i), (1) ), Sun guoting and Huaisu. A comparison between this work and Zhao Mengfu’s Four Anecdotes from the Life of Wang Xizhi (New York, Met.) brings out the differences in their respective regional styles. Zhao Mengfu’s characters are executed with great facility and a relaxed fluidity of movement. His curvilinear brushstrokes exhibit a delicacy and refinement of touch associated with the aesthetic sensibility and cultivation of the southern literati. Xianyu Shu, by contrast, invests his characters with a tense energy and strength indicative of his northern heritage, generated by the sustained control of his rounded and angular brushstrokes, which fold, twist and turn in all directions. While Xianyu Shu was greatly revered by his younger contemporaries for his personal integrity and commitment to the traditions of calligraphic art, it was Zhao Mengfu who exerted the most profound influence on subsequent generations of Chinese calligraphers. Conservatives such as Zhang Yu (1277–1348), Yu He (fl c. 1317–82) and Deng Wenyuan (1258–1328) emulated Zhao’s calligraphic style, with its references to the classical traditions. Individualists such as Kangli Naonao (1295–1348), Yang Weizhen (1296–1370), Wu Zhen and Ni Zan were influenced more by the spirit of Zhao’s ‘return to antiquity’ (fugu) than by his specific calligraphic style. --DOA", + "date": "1257 - 1303", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WolfAston", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wolf, Aston", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoChen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xiao, Chen", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x26c38 Alternate names: Hsiao Ch'en, 蕭晨 Qing dynasty From Jiangsu province. Painted landscapes, figures; imitated Tang And Song masters. Noted for snowscapes. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 1680 - 1710", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WolzClaudia", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wolz, Claudia", -"comment": "Committment to Vision, Eugene. OR: Photography at Oregon Gallery, 1986. ", -"date": "born 1948", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoChuanjiu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xiao, Chuanjiu", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Changsha, Hunan Province; Chinese modern sculptor; alternate name: 萧传玖 ", + "date": "1914-1968", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WonBrian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Won, Brian", -"comment": "Greene, Rachel; Internet Art, London: Thames & Hudson, 2004. ", -"date": "active late 20th-early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoHaishan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xiao, Haishan", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x26h23s34 Alternate names: Hsiao Hai-shan, 蕭海山 Ming dynasty, unrecorded Officer of the Imperial Guard. Painted birds. --Seymour", + "date": "Ming dynasty", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WoodKatherineLouise", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wood, Katherine Louise", -"comment": "Barter, Judith A.; Apostles of Beauty: Arts and Crafts From Britain to Chicago, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. American ceramics decorator for Newcomb", -"date": "1874-1954", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoJunxian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xiao, Junxian", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WoodRobert", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wood, Robert", -"comment": "Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute; Masterpieces of American furniture from the Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, NY: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1999. ", -"date": "active 1857-1869", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WoodRoger", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wood, Roger", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Roger Wood, who died on June 21 aged 84, was a photographer best known for his work in the ballet, chronicling virtually every major company and principal dancer - Margot Fonteyn, Frederick Ashton and Alicia Markova among them - in the post-war years.", -"date": "1920-2005", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoLin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xiao, Lin", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. alternate name: 萧林 ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WoodcockB", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Woodcock, B.", -"comment": "Vergo, Peter; Art in Vienna, 1898-1918: Klimt, Kokoschka, Schiele and Their Contemporaries, Third edition, London: Phaidon Press, 1993. illustrator", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WoodmanFrancesca", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Woodman, Francesca", -"comment": "Reckitt, Helena, ed.; Art and Feminism, London: Phaidon, 2001. ", -"date": "1958-1981", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoLu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xiao, Lu", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, resides in Sydney; educated Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, 1988.", + "date": "b. 1962", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WoodruffJudah", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Woodruff, Judah", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Descendant of Matthew Woodruff, one of the original proprietors of Farmington, fought in the French and Indian War and was a captain in the Revolutionary War. He was also a builder who constructed the First Church and 21 houses in Farmington, including his own. ", -"date": "second half 18th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoSu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xiao, Su", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1931-1949 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981;. alternate name: 萧肃", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WoodsandSharwoods", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Woods and Sharwoods", -"comment": "Meggs, Philip B. A History of Graphic Design. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992.. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WoodwardAugustusBrevoort", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Woodward, Augustus Brevoort", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. First Chief Justice of the Michigan Territory who played a prominent role in the planning and reconstruction of Detroit after it was destroyed by fire in 1805.", -"date": "1774-1827", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoSun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xiao, Sun", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WoodwardGeorgeE", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Woodward, George E.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. author of Woodword's National Architect and other illustrated books on domestic architecture", -"date": "1829-1905", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WoodwardVClaire", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Woodward, V. Claire", -"comment": "http://uolibraries.worldcat.org/wcidentities/np-woodward,%20v%20claire. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoYu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xiao, Yu", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Inner Mongolia; graduated 1989 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing.", + "date": "b. 1965", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WoodyWilliam", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Woody, William", -"comment": "Wilson, José. Color in decoration. New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold [1973?]. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoYuncong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xiao, Yuncong", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x26y39c56 Alternate names: Hsiao Yün-ts'ung, 蕭雲從 Qing dynasty (b Wuhu, Anhui Province, 1596; d 1673). Chinese painter and poet. He was born some 150 km north of the region inhabited by artists of the Anhui school, with which he became associated, and was a contemporary of its leading member, Hongren. His family hoped he would pursue an official career, but Xiao failed the civil service examinations and instead became a semi-professional painter. He joined the loyalist Fu she (Restoration Society) in 1638 and in 1645 was forced to flee Wuhu in the face of invading Qing troops. On his return two years later he found his house ruined. Perhaps partly from a need to make money, Xiao participated in two important printing projects, the Lisao tu (‘Illustrations to the poem Lisao’; c. 1645) and the Taiping shanshui tu (‘Topographical illustrations of the Taiping region’; 1648). Both projects brought together some of the best artists of 17th-century China and are exceptional examples of woodblock-carving and printing, an art that flourished in Anhui Province during the Ming period (1368–1644; for further discussion of printing of this period see China, §XIII, 21(ii)). Xiao contributed 64 illustrations for the Lisao tu, including the image for the title poem itself (Lisao or Encountering Sorrow; attributed to the 4th-century bc poet Qu Yuan). The motive for publication of these poems, which had been given political interpretations since the Han period (206 bc–ad 220), may have been to express bitterness over the fall of the Ming dynasty, a feeling expressed by Xiao in his own poetry. The figures and animals that Xiao painted in the Lisao tu, with their awkward and sometimes grotesque distortions, were perhaps similarly inspired, a reflection of Xiao’s dissatisfaction with his own aborted official career as well as with political developments. Like his contemporary Chen Hongshou, he transformed the mannerisms of figure drawing by artisans and craftsmen of his period into original and engaging images. The combination of poetry, imitations of old painting styles and local topographical interest seen in the Taiping shanshui tu, for which Xiao provided 43 scenes of Taiping Prefecture, was a novel format. Xiao Yuncong’s best work appeared in albums and handscrolls: he seems to have been uncomfortable with the large hanging-scroll format. His early style, dependent on Song period (960–1279) models, was often fussy and crowded with detail. Although he attempted hanging scrolls in the dry, linear manner typical of Anhui school artists, such works lack the overall compositional unity of the best Anhui paintings. Albums painted by Xiao in the 1650s (e.g. album, 1653; Hefei, Anhui Prov. Mus.) contain leaves after 10th-century landscapists such as Li Cheng, Jing Hao and others. Xiao improved considerably as a painter in the late 1660s and early 1670s. Xiao’s mature paintings often included overlapping, simplified forms, red-robed figures and a combination of pale blue and red-brown washes with strokes of shaded wash. A long handscroll, Landscape with Mountains and Rivers (1669; Los Angeles, CA, Co. Mus. A.), demonstrates the painter’s technical prowess in using a dry-brush manner to construct compositions of great formal complexity. --DOA", + "date": "1596 - 1673", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WoolleyEdmund", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Woolley, Edmund", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Early American architect and master carpenter, responsible for designing and erecting the first building on the University of Pennsylvania's first campus, the Pennsylvania State House (Independence Hall) and Hope Lodge. Woolley was born in England around 1695, and emigrated to America around the year 1705. He was one of the first members of The Carpenters' Company of Philadelphia.", -"date": "ca. 1695-1771", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoZeng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xiao, Zeng", + "comment": "Barnhart, Richard M; Painters of the great Ming: the Imperial Court and the Zhe School, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 1993. Ming dynasty painter from Yinxian, Zhejiang province", + "date": "ca. 1500", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WoosterGroup", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wooster Group", -"comment": "Rush, Michael; New Media in Art, Second edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 2005. New York based", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaomingEmperor", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xiaoming, Emperor", + "comment": "Wei Ran; Buddhist Buildings (Ancient Chinese Architecture series, v.6), English edition, New York: Springer-Verlag Wien, 2000. Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei ((北)魏孝明帝) (510-March 31, 528[1]), personal name Yuan Xu (元詡), was an emperor of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei. Due to his young age (five) when he ascended the throne at 515, governmental matters were dominated by his mother Empress Dowager Hu (with an intervening regency by the official Yuan Cha from 520 to 525), whose overly lenient attitude toward officials' corruptions spurred many agrarian rebellions that threw essentially the entire state into war. In 528, Emperor Xiaoming tried to curb his mother's powers and kill her lover Zheng Yan (鄭儼) by conspiring with the general Erzhu Rong, and Empress Dowager Hu killed him. Soon, Erzhu overthrew her, and from that point on, Northern Wei emperors no longer had full actual authority. (Wikipedia)", + "date": "510-March 31, 528", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WootonDeskManufacturingCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wooton Desk Manufacturing Company", -"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999 (0939802872). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaowenEmperor", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xiaowen, Emperor", + "comment": "Wei Ran; Buddhist Buildings (Ancient Chinese Architecture series, v.6), English edition, New York: Springer-Verlag Wien, 2000. Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei ((北)魏孝文帝) (467–499), personal name né Tuoba Hong (拓拔宏), later Yuan Hong (元宏), was an emperor of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei. Emperor Xiaowen implemented a drastic policy of sinicization, intending to centralize the government and make the multi-ethnic state more easy to govern. These policies included changing artistic styles to reflect Chinese preferences and forcing the population to speak the language and to wear Chinese clothes. He forced his own Xianbei people and others to adopt Chinese surnames, and changed his own family surname from Tuoba to Yuan. He also encouraged intermarriage between Xianbei and Han. In 494, Emperor Xiaowen moved the Northern Wei capital from Pingcheng (平城, in modern Datong, Shanxi) to Luoyang, a city long acknowledged as a major center in Chinese history. The shift in the capital was mirrored by a shift in tactics from active defense to passive defense against the Rouran. While the capital was moved to Luoyang, the military elite remained centered at the old capital, widening the differences between the administration and the military. The population at the old capital remained fiercely conservative, while the population at Luoyang were much more eager to adopt Xiaowen's policies of sinicization. His reforms were met with resistance by the Xianbei elite. In 496, two plots by Xianbei nobles, one centered around his crown prince Yuan Xun, and one centered around his distant uncle Yuan Yi (元頤). By 497, Xiaowen had destroyed the conspiracies and forced Yuan Xun to commit suicide. Unfortunate for Emperor Xiaowen, his sinicization policies had their downsides -- namely, he adopted the Jin Dynasty social stratification methods, leading to incompetent nobles being put into positions of power while capable men of low birth not being able to advance in his government. Further, his wholesale adoption of Han culture and fine arts encouraged the nobles to be corrupt in order to afford the lifestyles of the Han elite, leading to further erosion to effective rule. By the time of his grandson Emperor Xiaoming, Northern Wei was in substantial upheaval due to agrarian revolts, and by 534 had been divided into two halves, each of which would soon be taken over by warlords. One of Xiaowen's enduring legacies was the establishment of the equal-field system in China, a system of government-allotted land that would last until the An Shi Rebellion in the mid Tang Dynasty (618-907). (Wikipedia)", + "date": "467–499", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WootonWilliamS", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wooton, William S.", -"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999 (0939802872). ", -"date": "1835-1907", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaozongEmperorofChina", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xiaozong, Emperor of China", + "comment": "Fong, Wen C.; Beyond Representation, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1992. Emperor during the Southern Song dynasty (r. 1162-1189) who was the adopted son of Emperor Gaozong.", + "date": "1127-1194", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WorkshopoftheHirschfeldPainter", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Workshop of the Hirschfeld Painter", -"comment": "Mertens, Joan R.; How to Read Greek Vases, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2010. ", -"date": "active ca. 750-730 BCE", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Xiaweng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xiaweng", + "comment": "Yang Xiaoneng; Tracing the Past, Drawing the Future: Master Ink Painters in Twentieth-Century China, Milan: Continents Editions, 2010. Chinese painter and calligrapher; best known as Ye Gongzhuo, zi Yufu; native of Fanyu, Guangdong Province. He was also a writer, collector, art activist and political organizer.", + "date": "1881-1968", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WorlidgeJohn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Worlidge, John", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XieHuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xie, Huan", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x27h38 Alternate names: Hsieh Huan, 謝環 Ming dynasty The background of the Zhe school can be seen in earlier Ming painting represented by the works of the bird-and-flower master Bian Wenjin ( fl early 15th century) from Fujian; Xie Huan (c. 1368–1435), a figure painter and portraitist from Zhejiang who was a major force among Yongle (reg 1403–24) and Xuande (reg 1426–35) court painters. Xie Huan belonged to the conservative mainstream of academy painters who were especially sensitive to the moral implications of their subject-matter. Traditional legends and historical events were evaluated as much for their ideological merit and contemporary relevance as for their narrative interest or technical excellence and style. The ideal of the scholarly portrait, singly or in groups, dominated the imagery of the early part of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). In the works of artists such as Xie Huan (fl c. 1368–1435) the type is midway between formal and informal portraiture, with a basically veristic approach softened by relaxed demeanour and surroundings. --DOA", + "date": "d. after 1452", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WörsamAnton", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wörsam, Anton", -"comment": "Swaan, Will; Gothic Cathedral: with an Historical Introduction, Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Co., Inc., 1969. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XieNanxing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xie, Nanxing", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Chongqing, Sichuan Province; graduated 1996 from from the Sichuan Fine Art Institute; has lived and worked in New York since 1990.", + "date": "b. 1970", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WrightInvestmentCompany", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wright Investment Company", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. possibly William Thomas Wright", -"date": "active late 19th-early 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XieShichen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xie, Shichen", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x27s43c38 Alternate names: Hsieh Shih-ch'en, 謝時臣 Ming dynasty From Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Pupil of Wen Zhengming. Landscapes after Shen Zhou, influenced by Dai Jin and Wu Wei. Famous for seascapes. Also painted figures. --Seymour", + "date": "1487 - after 1559", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WrightDean", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wright, Dean", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. One of the contributing Forest Service architects for Timberline Lodge, Mount Hood", -"date": "active 1930s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XieZhangzhang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xie, Zhangzhang", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Hsieh Chang-chang", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WrightEllen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wright, Ellen", -"comment": "Blakesley, Rosalind; Arts and Crafts Movement, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2006. embroiderer for Morris & Co.", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XinHaizhou", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xin, Haizhou", + "comment": "China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. Chinese painter, graduated 1989 from the Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts and now teaches there.", + "date": "b. 1966", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WrightFred", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wright, Fred", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XinJianglong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xin, Jianglong", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Hsin Chiang-lung", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WrightGrove", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wright, Grove", -"comment": "Rieman, Timothy D. and Jean M. Burks; Complete Book of Shaker Furniture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , Publishers, 1993. Shaker furniture maker", -"date": "1789-1861", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiuJun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xiu, Jun", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Laiyang, Shandong Province; member of Chinese Woodcut Artists' Association; alternate name: Hsiu Chun; 修军", + "date": "born 1925", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WrightPB", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wright, P.B.", -"comment": "Burke, Doreen Bolger, Jonathan Freedman, et al.; In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement, New York: Rizzoli, 1986. ", -"date": "active 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuBeihong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xu, Beihong", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", + "date": "1895-1953", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WrightW", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wright, W.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuChuanru", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xu, Chuanru", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Chenghai, Guangdong Province; member of the Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 许川如", + "date": "born 1941", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuBiduan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Biduan", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). born in Nanjing; member of Chinese Artists Association and Chinese Woodcut Artists' Association; alternate name: 伍必端", -"date": " born 1926", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuDaoning", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xu, Daoning", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x34d26n39 Alternate names: Hsü Tao-ning, 許道寧 Song dynasty (b Chang’an [modern Xi’an], Shaanxi Province, c. ad 970; d c. 1052). Chinese painter. Originally a vendor of medicinal herbs, he initially painted landscapes to attract potential customers. After attaining fame, he ‘frequented the manorial homes of princelings and officials’, for whom he painted murals, hanging scrolls and handscrolls. He was a familiar guest of the rich and powerful in both Chang’an and the capital, Bianliang (modern Kaifeng), in Henan Province. Famous clients included Huang Tingjian’s father, Huang Shu (1018–58). Huang Tingjian later eulogized one of Xu’s paintings: I met Drunken Xu in Chang’an … Quite tipsy, he would wield a worn brush dripping with ink, With the force of an avalanche, his hand never stopping. In a few feet, mountains and rivers would stretch over ten thousand miles, And fill the hall with a bleak and chilly air. A rustic monk returns to his temple, followed by the boy. A fisherman is hailed by the traveller waiting to ford the stream. (trans. M. F. Wilson) It seems that Xu was active in the capital around 1040. It is known that in 1042 he offended the prefect of Chang’an and took refuge in Huanzhou (now Huan xian), Gansu Province, but returned to Chang’an in 1043–4. Although considered vulgar and plebeian by the irascible Mi Fu in his Hua shi (‘History of painting’; c. 1103), Xu was ranked by most early critics as one of the great landscape masters after Fan Kuan and Li Cheng. It was noted that whereas in his early years Xu had a meticulous and laborious style, he eventually developed an individual, eccentric mode of brush deployment characterized by speed, animation and compelling power. A marked use of wet ink was observed in his later paintings of desolate and cold northern barren scenes. Wen Tong inscribed Xu’s painting Wintry Woods: ‘Although Master Xu studies the style of Li Yingqiu [ad 919–c. 967], in ink strokes he criss-crosses with abandon entirely in his own manner.’ By the Xuanhe era (1119–26) of the reign of Huizong, Xu’s influence had become such that the descendants of his contemporary Qu Ding were said to have taken up Xu’s style and not their own family tradition in order to survive. The Xuanhe huapu (‘Xuanhe collection of painting’; preface 1120) lists 138 works by Xu: themes include river fishing scenes, autumnal mountains, layered mountains, snow scenes, mists, woods and rocks, summer rains, vernal travels, cloudy spring mountains, wintry woods and returning geese. Liu Daochun lists Xu’s three areas of excellence as woods and trees, level distance ( ping yuan) and wild waters. He admires Xu’s vigorous, uninhibited compositions, which reflect the spirit of Li Cheng. Guo Ruoxu remarked on Xu’s abbreviated and highly individual brushwork, with which he created sheer precipices and sinewy, firm woods and trees. Yuan-period (1279–1368) writers, noting Xu’s origins as a medicine peddler, claim that his early brushwork had a touch of the common and vulgar, qualities that were shed only in his middle years, when his style became more restrained and abbreviated. They remark on his blunt and straight brush-wielding, with the entrance of the stroke exposed and the entire length a firm, straight-edged line. A handscroll entitled Qiushan xiaosi (‘Desolate temple amid autumn mountains’; Kyoto, Fujii Yurinkan Mus.), associated with Xu, exhibits characteristics that may correspond to descriptions of his early meticulous style. However, for such technically correct works, in which the brushwork is self-effacing and hidden, it is not easy to identify the artist. The scroll’s relatively weak structure suggests that it may represent a work of the Li–Guo school (Li Cheng and Guo xi) from after the Yuan period. Its high vantage-point, close foreground, large crossed bare trees and tendency to block out the far distance all point to the perception of the early part of the Ming (1368–1644). An unsigned handscroll in ink on silk with light colours, Yufu tujuan (‘Fishermen’s evening song’; see fig.), on the other hand, can be relatively securely identified with contemporary descriptions of Xu’s late style, though it lacks an end-section and the artist’s signature. The scroll possesses the hoary grandeur associated with painting of the early part of the Northern Song period (960–1127). The masterly and natural deployment of ink wash is typical of the Li Cheng school; the scale and the dwarfing of human presence, as well as the sense of a light source in the play of light and dark, all point to an early dating. The roughness and spontaneity of the masterly modelling strokes (cun) correspond to descriptions of Xu Daoning’s late style, as does the use of wet blobs rather than ink circles to depict watery rocks. --DOA", + "date": "ca. 1000 - 1066", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuBin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Bin", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32b36 Alternate names: Wu Pin, 吳彬 Ming dynasty (b Putian, Fujian Province; fl c. 1568–1626). Chinese painter. One of the most talented of a small group of mid-17th-century professional artists active in Nanjing and Beijing, whose paintings of landscapes and figural compositions presented an alternative mode to the prevailing style of the amateur scholar-painters. Under the Wanli emperor (reg 1573–1620), Wu was called to service at the southern Ming (1368–1644) capital of Nanjing. He served mainly as a court painter but was also employed by private patrons and Buddhist temples. In the 1620s he was overheard criticizing the notorious eunuch Wei Zhongxian (1568–1628) and subsequently imprisoned. Thereafter, records of Wu cease. The conservative landscapes and narrative paintings that Wu executed for the court are best represented by the handscroll Greeting the Spring (1600; Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.) and the album Record of the Year’s Holidays (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). These fine-line, colourful early paintings, characterized by incidental detail and decorative effect, represent meticulous professional variants on the late Wu school style, the amateur landscape painting tradition based in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, in the mid-Ming period. By the first decade of the 17th century, however, Wu was pursuing a new landscape mode based on Northern Song (960–1127) models (see China, §V, 3(vi)(a)). Professional painters from Wu’s native Fujian had begun a Song revival in the early Ming period; in addition, Wu had the opportunity while in Nanjing to study old master paintings in both the imperial and private collections and to meet other painters, notably Mi Wanzhong (1570–1628), likewise engaged in reviving Northern Song styles. Wu must also have been exposed to European paintings and prints presented by Jesuit missionaries to the court (see China, §XIII, 21(ii)). The representational and illusionistic concerns of Western art may have stimulated an interest in the native Northern Song style, which similarly aimed at naturalistic effects. Wu’s new landscape style is best represented by paintings such as Streams and Mountains Far from the World (1615; Takatsuki, Hashimoto priv. col.), Landscape with Palaces (Berkeley, U. CA, A. Mus.) and a View of Tiantai Mountain (1607; Honolulu, HI, Acad. A.; see fig.). Northern Song influence is readily apparent in Wu’s monumental scale, monolithic vision and naturalistic rendering of surface effects. However, whereas Northern Song artists painted stable and rational landscapes representing microcosmic versions of an ideal cosmic order, Wu produced mannerist renditions of the earlier style, attenuating and distorting classical forms to create a visionary world of fantastic structures, whose undulating, unbalanced shapes often have no logical connection, and where the distinction between solid and void is no longer clear. The Song idiom is also the model for Wu’s painstakingly naturalistic surface detail on cliffs, with peaks swathed in convincing mists and believable shadows cast over their sides. Wu thus sets up a constant tension between the real and the unreal and seems to suggest that the coherence of the Song world order, though he longs for it, no longer has meaning for the Ming. Wu also played a central role in the late Ming revival of figure painting. A lay Buddhist, he received commissions from temples to paint images of Buddhist luohan (Skt arhats; ‘enlightened ones’). His best-known figure paintings include the handscroll Five Hundred Luohan (Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.) and the album Deities of the Surangama Sutra (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). As in his adaptation of the Song landscape mode, Wu alludes to but then distorts an earlier painting style. His luohan are clearly modelled after those of the Five Dynasties (ad 907–60) monk–painter Guanxiu, but they are caricatures and figures of irony. Wu thus intimates that luohan, embodiments of spiritual transcendence, have no more place in the sullied world of the Ming than the harmonious landscapes of the Song. --DOA", -"date": "ca. 1573 - 1620", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuFubao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xu, Fubao", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province; alternate name: 徐甫堡", + "date": "born 1912", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuBoli", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Boli", -"comment": "Little, Stephen and Shawn Eichman; Taoism and the Arts of China, Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 2000. Chinese Daoist priest and painter who lived in the Highest Purity Palace Temple (Shangqing Gong). He specialized in paintings of withered trees, bamboo and stones.", -"date": "active late 14th-early 15th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuGuang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xu, Guang", + "comment": "China Publications Center; Modern Chinese Woodcuts, Beijing: Guozi Shudian, 1965. alternate name: Hsu Kuang", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuChangnian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Changnian", -"comment": "China Publications Center; Modern Chinese Woodcuts, Beijing: Guozi Shudian, 1965. alternate name: Wu Chiang-nien", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuHengge", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xu, Heng'ge", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Hsu Heng-ko ", + "date": "active mid 20th century ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuDacheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Dacheng", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32d22c39 Alternate names: Wu Ta-ch'eng, 吳大澂 Qing dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 6 June 1835; d 6 March 1902). Chinese calligrapher, epigrapher and collector. Born into a rich and cultured merchant family, he entered the district school at 16 and at 17 began to study seal script (zhuanshu) under Chen Huan (1786–1863). He received his jinshi degree in 1868 and became a scholar at the Hanlin Academy in Beijing, followed by two years at the Suzhou Provincial Printing Office. In succeeding years, he distinguished himself as an army officer, diplomat and civil servant. He became Governor of Guangdong Province in 1887 and of Hunan in 1892, interrupted by a period as director-general of the conservancy of the Yellow River and the Grand Canal and followed by his directorship of the Longmen Academy in Shanghai in 1898. Wu amassed a large collection of antiquities. He became renowned as an interpreter of written characters used before the Qin period (221–206 bc) and completed a dictionary of seal characters, the Shuowen guzhou bu in 1883, in which calligraphy is categorized according to its provenance, e.g. from bronze and jade seal texts or from weights. By comparing these characters to those in the earliest Chinese dictionary, the Shuowen jiezi (‘Dictionary of words and phrases’; c. ad 120), compiled by Xu Shen, Wu demonstrated that the characters in the Shuowen jiezi, accepted for centuries, were in fact based on more recent materials and not completely reliable. Wu compiled a catalogue of his entire collection, a book transcribing and deciphering the texts on his bronzes and a catalogue of his own and important bronzes in other collections in 1886. These were followed by catalogues of his seals, jades and weights and measures. In his catalogue on seals, he imitated the Song-period (960–1279) tradition of including the imprint of each seal in his presentation, which later became normal practice. In seal script, Wu began by studying the standard works of Li Yangbing ( fl c. ad 759–80), but soon moved on to Jiang Sheng (?1721–99). In his 20s, Wu became familiar with older seal script models: he discovered bronze and stele rubbings and began to study the Shuowen jiezi. Later influences came from specific bronzes in his collection or from other rubbings, such as one from the Maogong ding, sent to Wu by his friend Chen Jieqi (1813–84), a great collector, archaeologist and calligrapher. The Maogong ding is a bronze vessel on the bottom of which is inscribed in large seal script (da zhuanshu) the longest Zhou-period (c. 1050–256 bc) text known. A pair of matched hanging scrolls (duilian; see Shimonaka, no. 83) reveal Wu’s approach. The words are precisely spaced, the strokes stern, taut and full of power. The juxtaposition of these words in seal script, much closer to ancient pictographs than the later versions of the script, is naturally graphic. Wu adds to the complexity of the pattern through his modulation of each stroke, contrasting carefully rounded movements to the jagged, cut-off edge where the brush is more quickly lifted. --DOA", -"date": "1835 - 1902", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuJing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xu, Jing", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x34j33 Alternate names: Hsü Ching, 許敬 From Hangzhou, Zhejiang province. Painted plum blossoms. --Seymour", + "date": "Ming dynasty", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuDan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Dan", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32d24 Alternate names: Wu Tan, 吳丹 Qing dynasty Nanjing School: Term used to refer to a group of Chinese painters active in Nanjing chiefly in the second half of the 17th century, at the start of the Qing period (1644–1912). The Nanjing school was roughly contemporaneous with the Anhui school, which was active in the adjacent Anhui Province. By the late 17th century the leading painters of the school were already identified as the Eight Masters of Jinling [Nanjing] ( Jinling bajia). The earliest extant listing of the eight is by Zhang Geng (1685–1760) in his 1739 Guochao hua zheng lu (‘Catalogue of painting in our dynasty’); most were born elsewhere, but all were active in Nanjing as professional artists. Later lists vary, but the painters most often included are Gong xian, the leader of the school; Fan Qi (1615/16–c. 1694) from Nanjing; Gao Cen (fl 1670s; d 1689) from Hangzhou in Zhejiang Province; Zou Zhe (fl c. 1641–84) from Suzhou, Jiangsu Province; Ye Xin (fl 1650s–70s) from Huating, modern Songjiang; Wu Hong (fl 1670s–1680s) from Junqi, Jiangsu Province; Xie Sun (fl 1679) from Jiangning, Guangxi Province; and Hu Cao (fl 1681) from Jiangning. Others sometimes associated with the school include Lü Qian (fl 1660s–80s) from Suiming, Sichuan Province; Wu Dan and Liu Yu (both fl 1670s–80s), Nanjing natives; and Gong Xian’s pupil Wang Gai (fl 1670s–90s) from Xiushui, Zhejiang Province. -DOA", -"date": "ca. 1672 - 1689", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuJiping", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xu, Jiping", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuDaozi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Daozi", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32d26z57 Alternate names: Wu Tao-tzu, 吳道子 Tang dynasty (b Yangzhe [modern Yu xian, Henan Province]; fl c. ad 710–60). Chinese painter. Later known as Wu Daoxuan, he is a legendary figure said to have depicted human beings, landscapes, architecture, Buddhist deities, demons, birds and animals. Reportedly, he derived his inspiration from wine and had a mercurial, responsive brushstyle, producing breathtaking vistas of natural scenery and figures across vast areas of temple wall. Hearing of his extraordinary talents, the Emperor Xuanzong (Minghuang; reg 712–56) summoned Wu to his palace at Chang’an (modern Xi’an). Between 742 and 755 the emperor dispatched Wu to the Jialing River in Sichuan Province to paint the scenery. On his return, Wu stated, ‘I have made no draft, but have committed all to memory.’ He proceeded to paint the walls of the hall known as the Datong dian with 300 or more li (c. 150 km) of Jialing River scenery in a single day. Five dragons in the Inner Hall, painted by Wu on another occasion, supposedly had scales so lifelike that each time it was about to rain, they emitted misty vapours (the dragon symbolized imperial power over rain and irrigation). Contemporary accounts report that Wu covered 300–400 wall surfaces in Buddhist and Daoist temples in the two Tang-dynasty (618–907) capitals, Chang’an and Luoyang. Temples included the Tangxing si, Chang’an, where his masterpieces graced the Diamond Sutra Hall, and where he inscribed the sūtra texts himself. Also in Chang’an on the walls of the Cien si pagoda he painted Manjushri and Samanthabhadra and under the western walkway scenes of descending demons and coiling dragons; at the Jinggong si he painted the walls with scenes of hells, Indra and Brahma, and dragon spirits, and in the Yongshou si he painted the Three Central Gates with twin guardian deities. Wu is said originally to have studied calligraphy under Zhang Xu but became dissatisfied with his achievements and turned to painting. Perhaps because of his calligraphic training, his painting is described by contemporaries largely in terms of flowing, vibrant lines, that is brushstrokes rather than areas of colour wash. In the 9th century the critic Zhu Jingxuan observed: ‘Whenever I gaze at Master Wu’s painting, I marvel not so much at the ornamentation, but at his brushwielding, which is peerless, always superb, exhaustively varied, driven with divine and untrammelled energy. Several walls are painted only in ink, and no-one to this day has been able to apply colours to them.’ An old man told Zhu of how he witnessed Wu painting haloes on the two guardian deities of the Central Gate of the Xingshanji in Chang’an, with a large crowd gathered to watch. Wu picked up the brush and in a single stroke created a perfectly round circle entirely freehand; the brush seemed energized as if driven by celestial winds. The crowd was stunned and believed that Wu had divine help. According to another account, when the general Pei Min presented Wu with gifts of silver and gold, asking him to paint at the Tiangong si (Celestial Palace Temple) in Luoyang, Wu returned the gifts unopened, saying, ‘I have long heard tell of the General’s superb sword dancing. If you would but dance for me once, the energy of your sword will surely inspire my brush.’ Pei Min then performed a breathtaking sword dance, after which the painter grasped his brush and in feverish inspiration, as though aided by the gods, created a painting of unmatched quality. It is said that he afterwards applied the colours himself. These accounts indicate that Wu first executed images in ink strokes, and that the application of colour was secondary and perhaps less vital. It suggests a new approach to painting, in which ink is deployed not in a fine, even and draughtsman-like outline aiming at detailed completion, but in an expressive, descriptive and abbreviated style with strokes of undulating width. Unnamed contemporaries reported that ‘the [ink] sashes on Wu’s figures flutter against the wind’, suggesting a swelling and shrinking in stroke width, with uneven individual segments imbued with a textural quality. This brush manner was eventually reflected, though probably subdued, in the figure style of the Northern Song (960–1127) master Li gonglin, visible in the painting attributed to him, Five Tribute Horses. Wu’s creative, varied and spontaneous brush deployment in landscape painting was the precursor to the use of modelling strokes (cunfa) that dominated landscape painting from the Five Dynasties period (ad 907–60) onwards, effectively replacing the use of colour in texture modelling. Zhang Yanyuan (c. ad 815–75) noted that Wu’s ‘strokes and dots are not fully completed but are deliberately punctuated with spaces’. This method of rendering is used to indicate three-dimensionality and the turning of forms in space. Contemporary records indicate that Wu had a fully developed ink style with vigorous, spontaneous, ‘leaflike’ ink strokes describing rounded figures and imbuing them with remarkable lifelike presence and movement. He painted freehand, evidently without meticulous under-drawing or sketches, and at great speed. His brushwork must have been highly economical, with contour and modelling accomplished in reduced but enlivened brushstrokes, often combined in function, as for draperies or mountain folds. Later, ink-based painting with a sparing use of pale colours came to be known as Wu style (Wu zhuang). Surviving attributions, however, do not reflect such aspects of Wu’s art; paintings and rubbings feature studiously rendered figures in even, continuous and usually profuse lines. An impression of Wu’s lifelike images is offered by contemporary painted sculptures of celestial guardians in the Hokkeidō and Kaidan’in (Nara, Tōdaiji). His interrupted swelling-line technique is intimated, though in a paler version and without the mastery, in the facial cartoons created by earlier craftsmen on the Hōryūji murals in Nara. A sense of his brief, descriptive brushwork in landscape is given by the mountain background of the plectrum guard on the biwa lute, a contemporary Tang-period piece (Nara, Tōdaiji; see fig. ). --DOA", -"date": "ca. 710 - 760", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuJunxuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xu, Junxuan", + "comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese painter, born in Jiangyin, Jiangsu province, graduated 1960 from the Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts", + "date": "b. 1934", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuFan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Fan", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "born 1923", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuKuang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xu, Kuang", + "comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. member of the Chinese Artists' Association, council member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 徐匡", + "date": "born 1938", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuGuanghua", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Guanghua", -"comment": "Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she; Shanghai ban hua xuan ji, Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1963. born in Dongxiang, Jiangxi Province; alternate name: 吴光华", -"date": "born 1933", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuLei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xu, Lei", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuGuanzhong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Guanzhong", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -"date": "born 1919", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuGuxiang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Guxiang", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32g35x25 Alternate names: Wu Ku-hsiang, 吳穀祥 Qing dynasty From Zhejiang province. Painted landscapes, figures, flowers, in the traditional school. -Seymour", -"date": "1848 - 1903", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuLeng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xu, Leng", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Zhejiang; alternate name: 徐楞", + "date": "born 1929", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuHong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Hong", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32h33 Alternate names: Wu Hung, 吳宏 Qing dynasty From Jiangsu province. Lived in Nanjing. One of the "Eight Masters of Nanjing." Painted landscapes and bamboo. -Seymour", -"date": "ca. 1670 - 1680", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuLin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xu, Lin", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Zunyi, Guizhou Province; joined in Guangdong branch of the Chinese Artists' Association in 1956; alternate name: 徐琳", + "date": "1929-1965", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuHuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Huan", -"comment": "Tomita, Kojiro and Hsien-Chi Tseng; Portfolio of Chinese Paintings, Yuan to Ch'ing Periods, Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1961. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuShichang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xu, Shichang", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x34s43c35 Alternate names: Hsü Shih-ch'ang, 徐世昌 Song dynasty From Nanjing, Jiangsu province. Painted flowers, birds, landscapes. --Seymour", + "date": "2nd half of 12th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuHufan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Hufan", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32h35f23 Alternate names: Wu Hu-fan, 吳湖帆 Modern Worked and lived in Suzhou and Shanghai. Collector and connoisseur. Painter in the academic school. Specialist in landscapes, birds and flowers. Inscription in running script style dated 1933. --Seymour ", -"date": "1894 - 1968", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuTai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xu, Tai", + "comment": "Fourcade, Francois; Art Treasures of the Peking Museum, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1965. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuJide", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Jide", -"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Yuhang, Zhejiang province", -"date": "born 1942", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuJinming", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Jinming", -"comment": "Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she; Shanghai ban hua xuan ji, Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1963. alternate name: 邬金明", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuTiankai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xu, Tiankai", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born Nan'an, Fujian Province; alternate name: 许天开", + "date": "born 1912", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuJunfa", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Junfa", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. Wu Junfa was born in Guangfeng, Zhejiang Province. He began creating woodcut from 1943. alternate name: 吴俊发", -"date": "born 1927", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuYang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xu, Yang", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x34y25 Alternate names: Hsü Yang, 徐楊 Qing dynasty From Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Court painter in Qianlong period. Painted landscapes, plum blossoms, figures, and birds. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 1760", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuLiangzhi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Liangzhi", -"comment": "Barnhart, Richard M; Painters of the great Ming: the Imperial Court and the Zhe School, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 1993. Ming dynasty. unrecorded dates", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuYi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xu, Yi", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x34y28 Alternate names: Hsü I, 許儀 Ming dynasty From Jiangsu province. Painted flowers in the style of Xu XI. Landscape, birds, insects and fish. Calligraphy in seal script style. --Seymour", + "date": "1599 - 1669", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuQiangnian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Qiangnian", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Maoming, Guangdong Province; member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 吴强年", -"date": "born 1937", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuYihui", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xu, Yihui", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Lian Yungang, Jiangsu Province; Nanjing Academy of Arts, 1985-1989; lives and works in Beijing.", + "date": "b. 1964", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuQingyun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Qingyun", -"comment": "Brown, Claudia and Ju-hsi Chou; Transcending Turmoil: Painting at the Close of China's Empire, 1796-1911, Phoenix: Phoenix Art Museum, 1992. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuZe", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xu, Ze", + "comment": "Wu Tung; Tales From the Land of Dragons: 1,000 Years of Chinese Painting, Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1997. born in Yunjian (the present Songjiang, near Shanghai) according to the Kundaikan Sochoki, and active during the Yuan dynasty, was said to have specialized in painting landscapes, hawks, buffaloes, birds, and flowers. ", + "date": "second half 14th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuRan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Ran", -"comment": "China Publications Center; Modern Chinese Woodcuts, Beijing: Guozi Shudian, 1965. alternate name: Wu Jan", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuZhen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xu, Zhen", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Shanghai.", + "date": "b. 1977", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuShanzhuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Shanzhuan", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. b. Zhoushan, Zhejiang province, PRC Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou Hochschule für Bildende Kunst, Hamburg", -"date": "b. 1960", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuZhenqing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xu, Zhenqing", + "comment": "Yang Xiaoneng; Tracing the Past, Drawing the Future: Master Ink Painters in Twentieth-Century China, Milan: Continents Editions, 2010. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuShengjin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Shengjin", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Wu Sheng-chin", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuShuilong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Shuilong", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Wu Shui-lung", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuZhongou", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xu, Zhongou", + "comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Chengdu, Sichuan province", + "date": "born 1952", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuShujuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Shujuan", -"comment": "Weidner, Marsha, Ellen Johnston Laing, Irving Yucheng Lo, Christina Chu, and James Robinson; Views from Jade Terrace: Chinese Women Artists 1300-1912, Indianapolis: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 1988 (0847810038). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuandeEmperor", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xuande, Emperor", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x35z58m Alternate names: Hsüan-tsung (Hsüan-te), 宣宗, (Xuande) Ming dynasty From Beijing. Painted landscapes, figures, flowers, and animals. Collector, poet, and calligrapher. --Seymour", + "date": "1393 - 1435 (r. 1426 - 1435)", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuTao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Tao", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuanzongEmperor", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xuanzong, Emperor", + "comment": "Wei Ran; Buddhist Buildings (Ancient Chinese Architecture series, v.6), English edition, New York: Springer-Verlag Wien, 2000. Emperor Xuānzong 唐宣宗李忱 (810–859, reigned 846–859) was a later emperor of the Tang Dynasty of China. Personally named Li Chen, he was one of the most revolutionary rulers in Chinese history. He contributed to Chinese cultural and technological advancements in various ways. During his reign the Uyghur empire disintegrated. He helped to centralize the faltering Tang government. Xuanzong also revived the Buddhist religion, helping the Buddhist leaders recover from the persecution they had faced under the previous emperor, Wuzong. Also during Xuanzong's rule, the first advances in chemistry began, Chinese chemists first experimented with fireworks. (Wikipedia)", + "date": "810–859", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuTienchang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Tien-chang", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. b. Taipei Chinese Cultural University, Taipei, 1980", -"date": "b. 1956", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuanzongEmperorofChina", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xuanzong, Emperor of China", + "comment": "Possessing the past : treasures from the National Palace Museum, Taipei / Wen C. Fong, James C.Y. Watt, with contributions by Richard M. Barnhart ... [et al]. New York : Metropolitan Museum of Art : Distributed by H.N. Abrams, 1996. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuWei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Wei", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32w26 Alternate names: Wu Wei, 吳偉 Ming dynasty (b Wuchang, Hubei Province, 1459; d 1508). Chinese painter. Wu was born into a family of scholar-officials. His father, who took the provincial-level civil-service degree to become a juren, was interested in alchemy and collected paintings and calligraphy. However, when Wu was still young, his father’s dissolute life-style and then death resulted in family ruin. Wu was brought up by a provincial official; at the age of 17 he travelled to the southern capital, Nanjing, hoping to establish himself as a painter. Early adverse circumstances meant that Wu had little hope of entering official service; instead, through the friendship and patronage of influential people, and in spite of being self-taught, he rose on the merits of his artistic abilities to a position at the court of the Chenghua emperor (reg 1465–87). In the Jiangnan region (south China) he met a tutor of the heir-apparent named Chu, who held the hereditary title Duke of Chengguo. Chu found work for Wu and gave him the sobriquet, or hao, Xiaoxian, (‘Small Immortal’). Shortly before the death of the Chenghua emperor in 1488, Wu was invited to the main capital at Beijing and honoured with the title daizhao (painter in attendance) in the Renzhi Dian (Palace of Virtue and Knowledge), as well as a low-ranking honorary official post. He was also awarded a seal that read ‘foremost among painters’. According to anecdote, Chenghua once summoned Wu to paint a scene of pine trees in a wind. Wu arrived in the imperial presence drunk, supported by two servants, but nonetheless proceeded to spill ink onto a screen on the floor and, by rubbing and smearing, to create so powerful an illusion of wind and clouds that the servants grew pale with fear; Chenghua reportedly pronounced Wu’s work to be that of an immortal. When his service ended Wu returned to Nanjing, where he gained a reputation for licentiousness and heavy drinking. Under the Hongzhi emperor (reg 1488–1505) he was recalled to court, but was soon granted leave to return to Wuchang to ‘sweep the ancestral tombs’. The next imperial summons was accompanied by the gift of a house in a fashionable section of Beijing. However, Wu remained only two years before relocating to Nanjing. In 1508, under the Zhengde emperor (reg 1506–21), the painter received his final summons to the capital; he died while preparing for the journey, apparently from the effects of drink. Wu is said to have had four wives and at least four children. Wu was an eccentric painter in the manner of Gu Kaizhi and Wu Daozi. His erratic behaviour, combined with a swift, sure technique, identifies him with the longstanding tradition in Chinese painting of the ‘untrammelled’ genius, whose nonconformity adds to his charm and reputation. In artistic style he was versatile (sometimes considered a defect), equally adept at disciplined, plain-line (baimiao) painting and at the rough ‘scribbly’ manner used in many paintings of Chan Buddhist or Daoist subjects. In landscape painting he was influenced by Dai jin and is consequently classed as a Zhe school artist. Few of Wu’s surviving paintings are dated, but it is likely that his Dai Jin-flavoured landscapes are from the early part of his career. Other landscapes with figures are possibly later, featuring looser, more rapid and flowing brushwork and emphasizing a kinaesthetic dimension rather than careful delineation of form. His most impressive landscape, painted in fast-running brushwork, is Myriad Miles of the Long River (1505; Beijing, Pal. Mus.) Wu’s versatility is perhaps most marked in his figure paintings. The hanging scroll Two Daoist Immortals (Shanghai Mus.) represents what is commonly known as the artist’s ‘rough’ style, relying for animation and intensity upon the muscular tension of the figures’ poses, a nervous handling of drapery and variations in thickness of the rapid brushline. At the other extreme is the plain-line drawing (baimiao) manner, conveying a sense of mass and space, employed by both professional and amateur artists after the 11th-century painter Li Gonglin. Lady Carrying a Pipa (see fig.) represents a mixture of the two styles that possibly originated with Wu. It is not true plain-line drawing since it lacks control and precision, and there are areas of light ink wash. It does, however, retain a sense of refinement unusual in rough works. While the exact subject is uncertain, the melancholy figure, presented in profile and carrying a pipa (Chinese lute) in a brocade bag over her shoulder, recalls Zhao Wuniang, the heroine of the mid-14th-century play Lute Song, who journeyed to the capital in search of her lover. If such a reference is intended, the attempt to incorporate the energizing effect of a ‘scribbly’ line with the wistful dignity of plain-line style is appropriate and successful. --DOA", -"date": "1459 - 1508", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuXizai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Xizai", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XueAn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xue, An", + "comment": "Ryo Kai, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1975. Chinese painter of Chan subjects, Yuan dynasty", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuYuanzhi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Yuanzhi", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32y37z44 Alternate names: Wu Yüan-chih, 武元直 Song dynasty From Beijing. Painted landscapes. --Seymour", -"date": "ca. 1190 - 1196", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuYunhua", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Yunhua", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Heilongjiang Province; graduated 1968 from the Luxun Institute of Fine Arts in Shenyang; 1985-1987 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing; lives and works in Liaoning Province.", -"date": "b. 1944", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XueSong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xue, Song", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Anhui Province; graded 1988 from the Shanghai Drama Institute.", + "date": "b. 1965", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuZhen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Zhen", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32z42 Alternate names: Wu Chen, 吳鎮 Yuan dynasty (b Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 1280; d 1354). Chinese painter. Although he was well educated, especially in philosophy and swordsmanship, he never took the examinations to enter government, preferring to spend most of his life in his home town with occasional visits to such nearby towns as Hangzhou and Wuxing. A scholar of the Yijing (‘Book of changes’), he practised fortune-telling to make a living. As a painter he was not as successful commercially as Sheng Mao (one of his neighbours), but he had his own circle of literati friends, including such painters as Wu Guan and Zhang Guan and such scholars as Tao Zhongyi. As a painter, Wu is known for his landscapes and paintings of bamboo, most of which are in ink on paper, in free brushwork; his calligraphy is also noted for its cursive style (caoshu). His earliest known painting is Two Junipers (hanging scroll, ink on silk, 1328; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), which is strongly influenced by the 10th-century master Juran. Wu’s interest in the free use of texture strokes on mountains and rocks and in the shapes of trees and branches is already apparent. Central Mountain (handscroll, ink on paper, 1336; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) shows the large, broad brushstrokes and simplified composition typical of his mature works. In his landscapes his favourite subject is the hermit fisherman, a theme drawn from an ancient Chinese allegory, in which wise men, finding the world in turmoil, maintain their personal integrity by withdrawing from society to live like fishermen on rivers and lakes. The most famous paintings of this subject are Fishermen, of which two sections from an original four are extant (1336; both Beijing, Pal. Mus.), Hermit Fisherman in Lake Dongting (1341), Fisherman (1342; see fig.), A Lonely Fisherman on an Autumn River (all hanging scrolls, Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) and Fishermen, after Jing Hao (handscroll, 1345, Shanghai Mus.; similar composition, 1342, Washington, DC, Freer). All of these display Wu’s bold and free brushwork, his extremely simplified composition and his highly personal mode of expression. Other works demonstrate Wu’s facility to work in different styles. Spring Morning on the Clear River (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) is a grand landscape in the tradition of the Northern Song period (960–1127), with high mountains and deep vistas that show a strong influence of the 10th-century masters Dong Yuan and Juran. Another interesting but quite different landscape is Eight Views of Jiahe (1344; Taipei, Lo Chia-lun priv. col.), a topographical painting with many inscriptions indicating specific sites and locations in his home town. It is one of the rare works based on actual scenes that anticipated the development of the topographical style of landscape that flourished during the Ming period (1368–1644). However, even in this realistic portrayal of Jiaxing, his brushwork remains blunt and free. By contrast, Poetic Feeling in a Thatched Pavilion (1347; Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.), a landscape painted for a friend, shows a complete disregard for realistic detail, with free brushwork creating rhythmic patterns. One of the most famous Yuan period painters of bamboo, Wu wrote long inscriptions on all his bamboo paintings, indicating his artistic lineage and expressing the symbolic significance of bamboo. These include Bamboo and Rock (hanging scroll, 1347), Bamboo Studies (album of 20 leaves, 1350; both Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) and Bamboo after Su Shi (hanging scroll, 1350; Washington, DC, Freer). As indicated in his inscriptions, he followed the literati tradition of painting bamboo in monochrome black ink, first established as a literati motif by artists such as Wen Tong and Su Shi in the Northern Song period (960–1127) and Li Kan in the Yuan (1279–1368), all of whom used it to express the moral integrity and aesthetic superiority of an educated gentleman. In his album Bamboo Studies, painted for his son, Wu not only displayed the different manners of depicting the bamboo as used by Song and Yuan period masters but also included many other compositions of his own, portraying the bamboo growing upward, hanging downward, in a clear day, or blowing in the wind. All these bamboo paintings display a very consistent style: simple composition, bold brushwork and abstraction from nature. Wu Zhen was not recognized as a painter until the 15th century, when a number of painters active in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, notably Shen Zhou, the founder of the Wu school of literati painting (see China, §V, 4(ii)), became highly interested in his style. By the late 16th century Wu was considered one of the Four Great Masters of the Yuan. --DOA", -"date": "1280 - 1354", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Xuechuang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xuechuang", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). SEE: Puming x36c49 Alternate names: Hsüeh-ch'uang, 雪窗/SEE普明 Yuan dynasty ", + "date": "ca. 1340 - 1350", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuZongyuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Zongyuan", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). w32z58y37 Alternate names: Wu Tsung-yüan, 武宗元 Northern Song dynasty From Hunan province. Painted Buddhist and Daoist figures, imitated Daozi and Wang Kuan. --Seymour In the Northern Song period (960–1127), the new capital at Bianliang (modern Kaifeng, Henan Province), became the centre of Chinese painting. By the mid-11th century Wu Zongyuan (d 1050) dominated figure painting; his style was based on the bravura manner of Wu Daozi. --DOA", -"date": "early 11th century, d. 1050", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Xugu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Xugu", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x34g35 Alternate names: Xu Gu; Hsü-ku, 虛谷 Qing dynasty Painter, traditional literary school, who became a monk and founded his own individual school of painting and calligraphy. Painted flowers, fruit, chrysanthemums, cats, landscapes, birds and fish. --Seymour", + "date": "1825-1896", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuZuoren", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wu, Zuoren", -"comment": "Fong, Wen; Between Two Cultures: Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Chinese Paintings From the Robert H. Ellsworth Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; New Haven: Metropolitan Museum of Art; Yale University Press, 2001. ", -"date": "1908-1997", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YaginumaRM", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yaginuma, R.M.", + "comment": "Reed, Dennis; Japanese Photography in America, 1920-1940, Los Angeles: Japanese American Cultural & Community Center, 1985. ", + "date": "1930-1935", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WuelpernTom", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wuelpern, Tom", -"comment": "McGregor, Suzi Moore and Nora Burba Trulsson; Living Homes: Sustainable Architecture and Design, San Francisco: Chronicle Press, 2008. American builder", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YalourisN", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yalouris, N.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WujcikTheo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wujcik, Theo", -"comment": "Acton, David; Sixty Years of North American Prints: 1947-2007, Boston: Boston Printmakers, 2009. American artist and printmaker", -"date": "born 1936", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WulzWanda", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wulz, Wanda", -"comment": "Lista, Giovanni; Futurism & Photography, London: Merrell Publishers Limited, 2001. ", -"date": "1903-1984", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamadaDoan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yamada, Doan", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Døan was known for his religious paintings associated with Zen teachings.", + "date": "d. 1571", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WurbelFranz", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wurbel, Franz", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "b. 1896", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamadaHogyoku", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yamada, Hogyoku", + "comment": "Narazaki, Muneshige; Hizō ukiyoe taikan : Puruverā korekushon (Ukiyo-e masterpieces in Western collections), Tokyo: Kodansha, 1990. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Wuzhuzi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wuzhuzi", -"comment": "Fachang, Shih Ruofen, Teisuke Toda; Mokkei, Gyokkan, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1973. Chinese painter of Chan Buddhist subjects", -"date": "active late 13th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WysongLinda", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Wysong, Linda", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamadaJokasai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yamada, Jokasai", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "ca. 1681-1704", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiAxing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xi, Axing", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Shanghai, Xi learned woodcut independently. He is the member of Shanghai branch of the Chinese Artists' Association and the member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association. alternate name: 奚阿兴 ", -"date": "born 1944", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamadaShinkichi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yamada, Shinkichi", + "comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", + "date": "20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiGuorong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xi, Guorong", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamadaYasujirō", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yamada, Yasujirō", + "comment": "Yamada Yasujiro; Chaseki okoshiezu mokuroku, Tokyo: Yamada Yasujiro, 193-. alternate name: 山田保次郎", + "date": "active 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaChang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xia, Chang", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x23c35 Alternate names: Hsia Ch'ang, 夏昶 Ming dynasty From Jiangsu province. Younger brother of Xia Bing. Painted bamboo, rocks, calligraphy after Wang Fu. --Seymour", -"date": "1388 - 1470", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamaguchiHanroku", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yamaguchi, Hanroku", + "comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaGui", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xia, Gui", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x23g42 Alternate names: Hsia Kuei, 夏珪 Southern Song dynasty (b Lin’an [modern Hangzhou], Zhejiang Province; fl c. 1195–c. 1235). Chinese painter. Xia Gui and his close contemporary Ma yuan are considered the two greatest painters of the Southern Song (1127–1279) Academy (see China, §V, 4(i)(c)). They established the Ma–Xia style, a term that came to describe not merely their own work but an entire aesthetic. Early writers provide little biographical information about Xia Gui. Zhou Mi, in his account of the Southern Song capital Lin’an (c. 1280), included both Xia and Ma Yuan in a list of ten painters under the heading Yuqian huayuan (‘Art academy in the imperial presence’). Zhuang Su wrote (1298) that Xia was a zhihou (usher) in the Academy under Emperor Lizong (reg 1225–64) and that he painted landscapes and figures. This is partly corroborated by the deciphering of a seal belonging to Lizong’s empress, Xie, on a handscroll of Twelve Views of Landscape, of which four views survive (ink on silk; Kansas City, MO, Nelson–Atkins Mus. A.). Zhuang Su further associated Xia’s painting with the degenerate taste of a declining dynasty and described him as ‘exceedingly common and distasteful’, and ‘only able to realize a name for himself in his own time’. Tang Hou included Xia in a brief list of famous Academy artists (c. 1320) but dismissed the importance of all except Li Tang. The early rejection of Xia Gui can be explained by the rise of anti-Academic literati taste in the early part of the Yuan period (1279–1368). Towards the end of the Yuan, however, evaluation of Xia Gui became more positive both among those of Academic taste and among the literati. In 1365 Xia Wenyan wrote that Xia Gui was a daizhao (painter in attendance) under Emperor Ningzong (reg 1195–1224) when he received the honour of the jindai (‘golden belt’), and that he painted human figures, distilling ‘high and low’. Xia Wenyan also described Xia Gui’s technique: ink tones like the laying on of powdery colours, brushwork that was venerable and time-honoured, and ink that flowed dripping and wet, ‘unique’. In painting landscapes, no Academician since Li Tang was his equal. His snow scenes were entirely after Fan Kuan. In 1344 Ni Zan, writing about a Xia Gui mountain landscape no longer extant, clearly defined the artist’s place in painting history: he suggested that a tradition with roots in Jing hao and Fan Kuan and developed by Li Tang, who moved to Lin’an at the end of his life, culminated in Xia Gui and Ma Yuan. Even the late Ming scholar–painter Dong Qichang, who usually disapproved of Academy artists, commended Xia. In 1627 he wrote, with respect to the Twelve Views handscroll, that Xia Gui followed Li Tang but with greater cursoriness. He particularly praised Xia’s handling of ink, ‘now dissolving, now disappearing’, such that the ink play (moxi) of Mi Fu and Mi Youren was at his brushtip. This was high praise indeed, for the Two Mis were considered the epitome of scholar–painter ideals. The growing acceptance of Xia Gui within a defined tradition was partly due to his strong and forceful style, especially in painting winter landscapes. In recognition of this style, the painter, calligrapher and statesman Wang Duo (1592–1652) attributed to Xia Gui an anonymous Song hanging scroll, Landscape (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), citing the Fan Kuan–Li Tang relationship and comparing the painting’s stark and sombre snow and rocks to ‘cold iron’ (hantie). Scholars are uncertain about the authenticity of paintings attributed to Xia Gui. Two important album leaves in the shape of rounded fans, Gazing at the Waterfall (ink and colour on silk; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) and Full Sail on the Misty River (ink on silk; Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.), appear to indicate an early Xia Gui style closely connected with 12th-century painting, especially the followers of Li Tang. Both have signatures, but that on the latter is open to interpretation and has been attributed by some to Xia Gui’s son, Xia Shen, despite being in a believable 12th-century style. Five paintings define the subtleties of Xia’s mature style: A Pure and Remote View of Streams and Mountains (see fig.); the four surviving views in Twelve Views of Landscape; an album leaf in the shape of a rounded fan, Sailboat in the Rain (ink and slight colour on silk; Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.); a small hanging scroll, Landscape (ink on silk; Tokyo, N. Mus.); and a leaf from the album Hikkōen (‘The brush-tilled garden’), Rainy Landscape (Tokyo, Nakamura priv. col.). Characteristic features of these are close promontories with active, leaning trees; leaves created by moist, melting ink-touches, perhaps with a ‘split brush’; crisp, swordlike, bare branch-ends; sharp cliffs accented by ‘axe-cut strokes’ ( fupi cun), a convention inherited from Li Tang; gentle washes for land surfaces or distant mountain ranges; probing landspits fingering open areas of water and sky; and mists fading into the distance leaving only the spare suggestion of far hill-crests or light wash melting into silent spaces. Some landscapes were wet and bending with the movement of wind and rain, others embraced by quiet mists, and yet others crystal clear with sculpted, firm mountain peaks. Small figures, including travellers, fishermen, scholars and priests, inhabit Xia Gui’s landscapes, perhaps indicative of the appearance of his alleged figure paintings, none of which survive. Other abbreviated forms include a bridge, boat, gateway, rustic hamlet or temple; Xia was noted for the free-hand rendering of architectural elements (without a ruler). Xia Gui’s son, Xia Shen, continued his father’s general style, partially exemplified by Wang Cuxiang’s (1501–68) copy (1541) of a 14-leaf Xia Shen album (Tapei, N. Pal. Mus.). Xia Gui’s influence, particularly in association with that of Ma Yuan, pervaded painting throughout East Asia. The Ma–Xia style was stressed by the painters Sun Junze ( fl early 14th century) and Wang Li (b 1322) and in the 15th and 16th centuries became the foundation of the so-called Zhe school, headed by Dai Jin. In Japan, Xia Gui’s style had a major influence on ink painting of the Muromachi period (1333–1568) (see Japan, §VI, 4(ii)). --DOA", -"date": "first half 13th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaKui", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xia, Kui", -"comment": "Barnhart, Richard M; Painters of the great Ming: the Imperial Court and the Zhe School, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 1993. ", -"date": "15th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamaguchiSekkei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yamaguchi, Sekkei", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1644-1732", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaLingyi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xia, Lingyi", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamamotoHosui", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yamamoto, Hosui", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Studied Western style painting in Japan, in 1898 he traveled to Paris and worked with the French painter Jean-Leon Gerome. When he returned to Tokyo the following year, he opened his own art school and taught the ideals of French academic painting.", + "date": "1850-1906", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaPeng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xia, Peng", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Hangxian, Zhejiang Province; alternate name: 夏朋; original names: Yao Fu, 姚馥", -"date": "1911-1935", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamamotoNaosaburo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yamamoto, Naosaburo", + "comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaShen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xia, Shen", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). SEE: Xia Sheng x23s39 Alternate names: Hsia Shen, 夏森 Southern Song dynasty Son of Xia Gui. Painted landscapes. --Seymour", -"date": "mid 13th century ", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaXiaowan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xia, Xiaowan", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Beijing", -"date": "b. 1959", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamamotoNobuatsu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yamamoto, Nobuatsu", + "comment": "Chibbett, David; History of Japanese Printing and Book Illustration, Tokyo: Kodansha International Ltd., 1977. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaYong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xia, Yong", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x23y33 Alternate names: Hsia Yung, 夏永 Yuan dynasty Represented the Palace of the Prince of Ding and the Yellow Crane Towers by embroidering with human hair. Painted landscapes, architectural and boundary paintings. --Seymour", -"date": "14th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiamenDada", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xiamen Dada", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Artists' group based in Xiamen city, Fujian, led by Huang Yongping", -"date": "formed in 1986", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamamotoSoken", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yamamoto, Soken", + "comment": "Murase, Miyeko; Masterpieces of Japanese Screen Painting, New York: George Braziller, Inc., 1990. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiangErgong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xiang, Ergong", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Anhui, council member of Guangdong branch of the Chinese Artists' Association; alternate name: 项而躬", -"date": "born 1932", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiangLiqing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xiang, Liqing", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Chinese artist and photographer, born in Shaoxing, attended the China Academy of Fine Arts; lives and works in Shanghai", -"date": "b. 1973", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamanaAyao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yamana, Ayao", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "1897-1980", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiangShengmo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xiang, Shengmo", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x25s42m39 Alternate names: Hsiang Sheng-mo, 項聖謨, Xiang Kongzhang Ming dynasty (b Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 1597; d 1658). Chinese painter, grandson of (1) Xiang Yuanbian. He grew up in cultured surroundings with access to Yuanbian’s collection. Through family connections he knew some of the leading artistic figures of the late Ming period (1368–1664), including the painting theorist Dong Qichang, who was employed as a tutor in the household and later contributed inscriptions to some of Xiang’s paintings. Referring to Zhang Yanyuan’s analysis in Lidai minghua ji (‘Record of famous painters of all periods’; completed c. 847) of the first law of painting put forward in the 6th century by Xie He in Gu huapin lu (‘Classification of painters’), Dong praised Xiang’s works for expressing the vital movement inherent in things (qiyun or shenyun, ‘spirit resonance’), whereby an artist achieves accurate representation. Xiang also knew a number of painters from Songjiang, an art centre near Shanghai, including Chen Jiru. Xiang wrote that in his youth he was forced to paint at night because his father made him study for the official examinations by day, despite the fact that he had no enthusiasm for a career in government affairs. His love of art and his confidence in his ability are suggested by a dream he recorded: ‘One night I dreamt that my brush stood up like a pillar more than ten feet tall. I climbed up and occupied the top of it, clapping my hands, laughing and talking. Since then, I have felt as if I were inspired and have often achieved fine results while imitating the works of ancient masters.’ However, he not only copied old masterworks but also drew inspiration from nature. In 1645 the Manchus occupied Nanjing, and Xiang Shengmo and his relatives were forced to flee south. Their art collection was largely destroyed and several members of the family committed suicide. Xiang survived and expressed his anguish in poetry and in painting. Jiaxing xian zhi, the local history, records that in his later years he lived a life of poverty along the Fuchun River, selling his paintings to survive. Xiang’s most important work is a series of six landscape handscrolls on the theme of eremetic withdrawal. Traditionally a wise ruler would summon a virtuous recluse to his government, and the recluse would demonstrate the purity of his spirit by declining the invitation or serving only briefly before retreating once more to the wilderness. The earliest of the paintings, Calling the Hermit (1625–6; Los Angeles, CA, Co. Mus. A.), seems strongly influenced by Dong Qichang, whom the artist visited in Songjiang (1625–6), and who had painted a picture on the same theme, Calling the Hermit at Qingxi (handscroll, ink on paper, 1611; Lyme, NH, priv. col., see Cahill, pl. 39). But whereas Dong took pains to play down narrative content or easily readable depictions of nature, Xiang presented the viewer with a long composition that blends fanciful, animated landscape forms with mundane activity: gentlemen fishing, crossing bridges or sitting in thatched houses. Xiang’s scrolls painted after his family’s ruin are shorter, smaller works that required less of his time and were probably more saleable. Chu-tsing Li suggests that the colour red, which appears more often in Xiang’s works after 1645, is a visual allusion to his loyalty to the pre-Manchu Ming rulers whose family name, Zhu, means ‘red’. --DOA", -"date": "1597 - 1658", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamanakaFumitaka", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yamanaka, Fumitaka", + "comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiangqiuZhima", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xiangqiu, Zhima", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Sichuan Province, Tibetan; alternate name: 翔秋志玛", -"date": "born 1947", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XianyuShu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xianyu, Shu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x24y35s45 Alternate names: Hsien-yü Shu, 鮮于樞 Yuan dynasty Early literati: In the early years following the reunification of China under Mongol rule, Chinese calligraphers concentrated on the transmission and perpetuation of the literati tradition from before the Song period. Important works of art, once in the possession of the imperial collections of the Jin (1115–1234) and Southern Song (1127–1279) dynasties, began to make their way into private hands. Scholar-calligraphers, now able to travel north and south for the first time since the political division of the country at the end of the Northern Song period (960–1127), gained access to these works. In the literary circles centred around Lin’an (now Hangzhou, Jiangsu Province), the capital of the Southern Song, the circulation of works by calligraphers of the Tang period (ad 618–907) and earlier fostered scholarly discussion and an artistic exchange that to a great extent determined the subsequent developments of calligraphy during the Yuan period. The scholar-calligraphers Zhao Mengfu (see Zhao, (1) ) and Xianyu Shu (?1257–1302), in particular, initiated a systematic and disciplined study of the ancient styles, which led to a classical revival referred to as a ‘return to antiquity’ (fugu) (see fig.). Reacting against the tendency of the Song calligraphers towards extreme individualism and personal excess, Zhao and Xianyu sought in the ancient models a more objective standard of excellence. This revival of classical works of the Eastern Jin (ad 317–420) and Tang periods marked an end to the dominant influence of Su Shi, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fu (see §(iv)(a) above). Zhao Mengfu’s intimate friendship with the northern calligrapher Xianyu Shu and their study and mastery of all of the major scripts in the styles of the ancient masters exemplified the new spirit of the literati in the Yuan period. Zhao Mengfu’s specialized studies and systematic analyses of the works of the ancient masters were reflected in his own mature calligraphic style, developed between 1311 and his death in 1322. During this time he achieved the ‘grand synthesis’ (da cheng) of the various aspects of the art of calligraphy; his works were not so much highly personalized calligraphic expressions as virtuoso performances, appreciated for embodying the ‘flavour of antiquity’ (guyi). His greatest achievement was his regular script (kaishu), in which he displayed equal mastery in the large, medium and small versions. The Record of the Miaoyan Monastery in Huzhou (Huzhou Miaoyan si ji) was written by Zhao upon the completion of the rebuilding of the monastery originally known as the Eastern Temple (Dongji yuan). Executed in large regular script (da kaishu), the inscription typifies the synthesis of Zhao’s mature style, in which elements of the calligraphy of Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin period and Chu Suiliang, Yan Zhenqing and Li Yong of the Tang period are apparent (see §§(ii)(d) and (iii)(a) and (b) above). Zhao Mengfu was especially praised by contemporary scholar-calligraphers for his small regular script (xiao kaishu). His transcription of Mi Fu’s Hua shi (‘History of painting’; c. 1103; Lyme, NJ, Wango H.C. Weng priv. col.), for example, exhibits the balanced classical order and restrained elegance of Ouyang Xun and Chu Suiliang. Whereas Zhao Mengfu’s calligraphy is an expression of the sophistication and refinement of the southern scholar–official, Xianyu Shu’s compositions embody the northern ‘heroic spirit’ (gushi). After serving as a clerical official at the Yuan capital of Dadu (now Beijing), Xianyu was transferred to Hangzhou in about 1283, where he eventually retired. A northerner in temperament and physical bearing, he was much appreciated by Zhao Mengfu and the other members of his literary circle for the northern heritage that found expression in his calligraphy and poetry. Xianyu was especially respected for his connoisseurship: important Eastern Jin and Tang works in his collection, such as the Dingwu Orchid Pavilion Preface (Lanting xu) by Wang Xizhi, were made the topic of numerous artistic gatherings. Through these scholarly and aesthetic exchanges between northern and southern literati, a social and cultural climate was established that was highly conducive to a calligraphic practice that sought inspiration for innovation in the classical tradition of the old masters. Admonitions of the Imperial Censors (Yushi zhen; 1299; Princeton U., NJ, A. Mus.) is a transcription by Xianyu Shu of an essay written by the prominent Jin poet and official Zhao Bingwen (1159–1232). Inscribed with a slightly worn brush in large regular script, the characters were conceived on a monumental scale and conveyed an immediacy of execution that established their continuity with the aesthetic spirit of the north during its occupation by the Jürchen Jin. Xianyu could identify with Zhao Bingwen: both were northern Chinese and both had to serve alien rulers. Xianyu’s decision to copy this particular essay as a veiled criticism of the Mongol regime would not have been lost on his fellow literati. What differentiates Xianyu Shu’s calligraphy from that of his northern predecessors and marks it as distinctively Yuan is the stability and balance of his character formations and the clearly articulated relationships between his brushstrokes, which are executed with inner restraint. These features are clear evidence of his profound study of the classical tradition of calligraphy. Nowhere is this more apparent than in his cursive script (caoshu), which even Zhao Mengfu considered superior to his own. Song of the Stone Drums (Shigu ge; see fig. 98), a poem written some five centuries earlier by Han Yu (ad 768–824), was transcribed by Xianyu in the year before his death. Considered the finest example of his mature cursive script, it is written with tremendous vigour in a style clearly influenced by the calligraphy of Wang Xizhi (see Wang (i), (1) ), Sun guoting and Huaisu. A comparison between this work and Zhao Mengfu’s Four Anecdotes from the Life of Wang Xizhi (New York, Met.) brings out the differences in their respective regional styles. Zhao Mengfu’s characters are executed with great facility and a relaxed fluidity of movement. His curvilinear brushstrokes exhibit a delicacy and refinement of touch associated with the aesthetic sensibility and cultivation of the southern literati. Xianyu Shu, by contrast, invests his characters with a tense energy and strength indicative of his northern heritage, generated by the sustained control of his rounded and angular brushstrokes, which fold, twist and turn in all directions. While Xianyu Shu was greatly revered by his younger contemporaries for his personal integrity and commitment to the traditions of calligraphic art, it was Zhao Mengfu who exerted the most profound influence on subsequent generations of Chinese calligraphers. Conservatives such as Zhang Yu (1277–1348), Yu He (fl c. 1317–82) and Deng Wenyuan (1258–1328) emulated Zhao’s calligraphic style, with its references to the classical traditions. Individualists such as Kangli Naonao (1295–1348), Yang Weizhen (1296–1370), Wu Zhen and Ni Zan were influenced more by the spirit of Zhao’s ‘return to antiquity’ (fugu) than by his specific calligraphic style. --DOA", -"date": "1257 - 1303", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamashiroTad", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yamashiro, Tad", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoChen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xiao, Chen", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x26c38 Alternate names: Hsiao Ch'en, 蕭晨 Qing dynasty From Jiangsu province. Painted landscapes, figures; imitated Tang And Song masters. Noted for snowscapes. --Seymour", -"date": "ca. 1680 - 1710", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoChuanjiu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xiao, Chuanjiu", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Changsha, Hunan Province; Chinese modern sculptor; alternate name: 萧传玖 ", -"date": "1914-1968", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamatoyaKyubei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yamatoya, Kyubei", + "comment": "http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/term_details.aspx. 山本久兵衛", + "date": "active mid 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoHaishan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xiao, Haishan", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x26h23s34 Alternate names: Hsiao Hai-shan, 蕭海山 Ming dynasty, unrecorded Officer of the Imperial Guard. Painted birds. --Seymour", -"date": "Ming dynasty", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamazakiJoryu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yamazaki, Joryu", + "comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", + "date": "fl. 1716-1744", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoJunxian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xiao, Junxian", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanBinghui", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yan, Binghui", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. b. Tianjin, PRC B.A., Tianjin Academy of Fine Arts, 1986.", + "date": "b. 1956", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoLin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xiao, Lin", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. alternate name: 萧林 ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanCiyu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yan, Ciyu", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y24c55y35 Alternate names: Yen Tz'u-yü, 閻次于 Song dynasty Younger brother of Yan Ciping. Worked in the Academy. Painted landscapes. --Seymour", + "date": "active ca. 1165", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoLu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xiao, Lu", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, resides in Sydney; educated Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, 1988.", -"date": "b. 1962", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanGuanghui", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yan, Guanghui", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Yen Kuang-hui", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoSu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xiao, Su", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1931-1949 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981;. alternate name: 萧肃", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanHan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yan, Han", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). born in Donghai, Jiangsu province; woodcut artist, oil painter; alternate name: 彦涵", + "date": "born 1916", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoSun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xiao, Sun", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanHongzi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yan, Hongzi", + "comment": "Masterpieces of Chinese Figure Painting in the National Palace Museum (Gu gong ren wu hua xuan cui), Taipei: National Palace Museum, 1973. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoYu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xiao, Yu", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Inner Mongolia; graduated 1989 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing.", -"date": "b. 1965", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoYuncong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xiao, Yuncong", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x26y39c56 Alternate names: Hsiao Yün-ts'ung, 蕭雲從 Qing dynasty (b Wuhu, Anhui Province, 1596; d 1673). Chinese painter and poet. He was born some 150 km north of the region inhabited by artists of the Anhui school, with which he became associated, and was a contemporary of its leading member, Hongren. His family hoped he would pursue an official career, but Xiao failed the civil service examinations and instead became a semi-professional painter. He joined the loyalist Fu she (Restoration Society) in 1638 and in 1645 was forced to flee Wuhu in the face of invading Qing troops. On his return two years later he found his house ruined. Perhaps partly from a need to make money, Xiao participated in two important printing projects, the Lisao tu (‘Illustrations to the poem Lisao’; c. 1645) and the Taiping shanshui tu (‘Topographical illustrations of the Taiping region’; 1648). Both projects brought together some of the best artists of 17th-century China and are exceptional examples of woodblock-carving and printing, an art that flourished in Anhui Province during the Ming period (1368–1644; for further discussion of printing of this period see China, §XIII, 21(ii)). Xiao contributed 64 illustrations for the Lisao tu, including the image for the title poem itself (Lisao or Encountering Sorrow; attributed to the 4th-century bc poet Qu Yuan). The motive for publication of these poems, which had been given political interpretations since the Han period (206 bc–ad 220), may have been to express bitterness over the fall of the Ming dynasty, a feeling expressed by Xiao in his own poetry. The figures and animals that Xiao painted in the Lisao tu, with their awkward and sometimes grotesque distortions, were perhaps similarly inspired, a reflection of Xiao’s dissatisfaction with his own aborted official career as well as with political developments. Like his contemporary Chen Hongshou, he transformed the mannerisms of figure drawing by artisans and craftsmen of his period into original and engaging images. The combination of poetry, imitations of old painting styles and local topographical interest seen in the Taiping shanshui tu, for which Xiao provided 43 scenes of Taiping Prefecture, was a novel format. Xiao Yuncong’s best work appeared in albums and handscrolls: he seems to have been uncomfortable with the large hanging-scroll format. His early style, dependent on Song period (960–1279) models, was often fussy and crowded with detail. Although he attempted hanging scrolls in the dry, linear manner typical of Anhui school artists, such works lack the overall compositional unity of the best Anhui paintings. Albums painted by Xiao in the 1650s (e.g. album, 1653; Hefei, Anhui Prov. Mus.) contain leaves after 10th-century landscapists such as Li Cheng, Jing Hao and others. Xiao improved considerably as a painter in the late 1660s and early 1670s. Xiao’s mature paintings often included overlapping, simplified forms, red-robed figures and a combination of pale blue and red-brown washes with strokes of shaded wash. A long handscroll, Landscape with Mountains and Rivers (1669; Los Angeles, CA, Co. Mus. A.), demonstrates the painter’s technical prowess in using a dry-brush manner to construct compositions of great formal complexity. --DOA", -"date": "1596 - 1673", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanLei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yan, Lei", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Hebei Province; graduated 1991 from the Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou; lives in Beijing and Hong Kong.", + "date": "b. 1965", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaoZeng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xiao, Zeng", -"comment": "Barnhart, Richard M; Painters of the great Ming: the Imperial Court and the Zhe School, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 1993. Ming dynasty painter from Yinxian, Zhejiang province", -"date": "ca. 1500", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanLi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yan, Li", + "comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaomingEmperor", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xiaoming, Emperor", -"comment": "Wei Ran; Buddhist Buildings (Ancient Chinese Architecture series, v.6), English edition, New York: Springer-Verlag Wien, 2000. Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei ((北)魏孝明帝) (510-March 31, 528[1]), personal name Yuan Xu (元詡), was an emperor of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei. Due to his young age (five) when he ascended the throne at 515, governmental matters were dominated by his mother Empress Dowager Hu (with an intervening regency by the official Yuan Cha from 520 to 525), whose overly lenient attitude toward officials' corruptions spurred many agrarian rebellions that threw essentially the entire state into war. In 528, Emperor Xiaoming tried to curb his mother's powers and kill her lover Zheng Yan (鄭儼) by conspiring with the general Erzhu Rong, and Empress Dowager Hu killed him. Soon, Erzhu overthrew her, and from that point on, Northern Wei emperors no longer had full actual authority. (Wikipedia)", -"date": "510-March 31, 528", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaowenEmperor", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xiaowen, Emperor", -"comment": "Wei Ran; Buddhist Buildings (Ancient Chinese Architecture series, v.6), English edition, New York: Springer-Verlag Wien, 2000. Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei ((北)魏孝文帝) (467–499), personal name né Tuoba Hong (拓拔宏), later Yuan Hong (元宏), was an emperor of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei. Emperor Xiaowen implemented a drastic policy of sinicization, intending to centralize the government and make the multi-ethnic state more easy to govern. These policies included changing artistic styles to reflect Chinese preferences and forcing the population to speak the language and to wear Chinese clothes. He forced his own Xianbei people and others to adopt Chinese surnames, and changed his own family surname from Tuoba to Yuan. He also encouraged intermarriage between Xianbei and Han. In 494, Emperor Xiaowen moved the Northern Wei capital from Pingcheng (平城, in modern Datong, Shanxi) to Luoyang, a city long acknowledged as a major center in Chinese history. The shift in the capital was mirrored by a shift in tactics from active defense to passive defense against the Rouran. While the capital was moved to Luoyang, the military elite remained centered at the old capital, widening the differences between the administration and the military. The population at the old capital remained fiercely conservative, while the population at Luoyang were much more eager to adopt Xiaowen's policies of sinicization. His reforms were met with resistance by the Xianbei elite. In 496, two plots by Xianbei nobles, one centered around his crown prince Yuan Xun, and one centered around his distant uncle Yuan Yi (元頤). By 497, Xiaowen had destroyed the conspiracies and forced Yuan Xun to commit suicide. Unfortunate for Emperor Xiaowen, his sinicization policies had their downsides -- namely, he adopted the Jin Dynasty social stratification methods, leading to incompetent nobles being put into positions of power while capable men of low birth not being able to advance in his government. Further, his wholesale adoption of Han culture and fine arts encouraged the nobles to be corrupt in order to afford the lifestyles of the Han elite, leading to further erosion to effective rule. By the time of his grandson Emperor Xiaoming, Northern Wei was in substantial upheaval due to agrarian revolts, and by 534 had been divided into two halves, each of which would soon be taken over by warlords. One of Xiaowen's enduring legacies was the establishment of the equal-field system in China, a system of government-allotted land that would last until the An Shi Rebellion in the mid Tang Dynasty (618-907). (Wikipedia)", -"date": "467–499", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanLiben", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yan, Liben", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y24l32b28 Alternate names: Yen Li-pen, 閻立本 Tang dynasty (b Wannian, Yongzhou [now Xi’an], Shaanxi Province, c. ad 600; d 673). Chinese painter and government official. He is the most famous painter associated with the imperial courts of the emperors Taizong (reg ad 626–49) and Gaozong (reg 649–83) and the most notable of the few Chinese court painters to attain exceptional official rank. He helped define the imperial taste of the Tang dynasty (618–907), depicting figures and narrative subjects in a detailed, colourful and realistic style. Yan Liben’s father, Yan Bi (563–613), born into an important aristocratic family of the Northern Wei and married to a daughter of the Northern Zhou emperor Wudi (reg 561–77), was himself a painter and calligrapher, who earned a place as designer, engineer and architect at the Sui-dynasty (581–618) court. Yan Liben’s elder brother, Yan Lide (d 656), attained the important posts of Director of the Directorate for Palace Buildings and President of the Board of Works (c. 648). Yan Liben followed his brother in these posts and then rose to become Chief Minister of the Right in 668 and Director of the Secretariat in 671, important and influential offices involved with the formulation of government policy. Yan Liben was trained as an artist at an early age. In 626 he had the important commission of painting portraits of the 18 scholars at the court of the prince who later became Taizong. In 643 he painted portraits of 24 meritorious officials for the Lingyan Pavilion (four of these survive in the form of Northern Song (960–1127) rubbings; Beijing, Cent. Acad. A. & Des.). He also painted religious subjects, as confirmed by his inclusion in the category of painters of Buddhist and Daoist subjects in the Xuanhe huapu (‘Xuanhe collection of painting’; preface 1120). He modelled his style on that of Zhang Sengyou ( fl c. 500–50) and was noted for his ability to capture the true appearance of things. Thus he was ordered by Taizong to portray the foreign tribute bearers arriving at court (for an illustration of tribute bearers attributed to Yan Liben, see China, fig. 132), as well as Prince Guo (younger brother of Taizong) heroically killing a murderous dark tiger with a single bow shot. According to anecdote, Yan was once hurriedly called forth by Taizong to crouch by a lake and paint some unusual birds bobbing in the water that the emperor found particularly delightful. Apparently, Yan was greatly humiliated by the experience and warned his sons never to become painters. An example of Chinese historiographers’ traditional bias against painters and artisans, this story, with its moral message, became indelibly linked with Yan Liben’s later image. Of the extant works attributed to Yan, Thirteen Emperors (handscroll, ink and colours on silk; Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.; see China, fig. 128) is the best-known and the finest. It portrays 13 emperors ranging from the Han (206 bc–ad 220) to Sui dynasties, with identifying titles above. The latter seven are considered to be earlier and of better quality than the first six, though even the seven may represent a portion of a mid-11th-century copy of an original painted not by Yan but by another 7th-century artist, Lang Yuling. Palanquin Bearers (see fig.) depicts the meeting of the Tibetan envoy Lu Dongzan with Emperor Taizong (borne on a palanquin by nine maidens). It is also considered to be a mid-11th-century copy, but the attribution of the composition to Yan is slightly more secure. In both paintings, the figures are meticulously delineated with ‘iron wire’ lines, following an earlier tradition best exemplified by the Eastern Jin (ad 317–420) painter Gu kaizhi, but they also exhibit a concern for subtle volumetric modelling. A lively sense of design, capturing the atmosphere of court pageantry, is particularly pronounced in the portrayal of Taizong’s entourage in Palanquin Bearers. Personality and mood are aptly expressed in individual faces and gestures, in accordance with Yan’s reported talent for portraying true appearances. --DOA", + "date": "600 - 674", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiaozongEmperorofChina", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xiaozong, Emperor of China", -"comment": "Fong, Wen C.; Beyond Representation, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1992. Emperor during the Southern Song dynasty (r. 1162-1189) who was the adopted son of Emperor Gaozong.", -"date": "1127-1194", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanLide", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yan, Lide", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y24l32d27 Alternate names: Yen Li-te, 閻立德 Tang dynasty Yan Liben’s talent for tribute scenes was perhaps surpassed only by that of his older brother Yan Lide (d ad 656), of whom it was said that ‘in rendering the strange and weird appearance of foreign types no famous painter is his equal’. --DOA", + "date": "7th century ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Xiaweng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xiaweng", -"comment": "Yang Xiaoneng; Tracing the Past, Drawing the Future: Master Ink Painters in Twentieth-Century China, Milan: Continents Editions, 2010. Chinese painter and calligrapher; best known as Ye Gongzhuo, zi Yufu; native of Fanyu, Guangdong Province. He was also a writer, collector, art activist and political organizer.", -"date": "1881-1968", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanPeiming", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yan, Peiming", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Shanghai; lives and works in Dijon, France.", + "date": "b. 1960", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XieHuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xie, Huan", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x27h38 Alternate names: Hsieh Huan, 謝環 Ming dynasty The background of the Zhe school can be seen in earlier Ming painting represented by the works of the bird-and-flower master Bian Wenjin ( fl early 15th century) from Fujian; Xie Huan (c. 1368–1435), a figure painter and portraitist from Zhejiang who was a major force among Yongle (reg 1403–24) and Xuande (reg 1426–35) court painters. Xie Huan belonged to the conservative mainstream of academy painters who were especially sensitive to the moral implications of their subject-matter. Traditional legends and historical events were evaluated as much for their ideological merit and contemporary relevance as for their narrative interest or technical excellence and style. The ideal of the scholarly portrait, singly or in groups, dominated the imagery of the early part of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). In the works of artists such as Xie Huan (fl c. 1368–1435) the type is midway between formal and informal portraiture, with a basically veristic approach softened by relaxed demeanour and surroundings. --DOA", -"date": "d. after 1452", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanWengui", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yan, Wengui", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y24w27g42 Alternate names: Yen Wen-kuei (Yen Kuei), 燕文貴 Song dynasty (b Wuxing [now in Zhejiang Province]; fl late 970s–early 11th century). Chinese painter. He probably studied with Hao Hui ( fl 10th–11th century) of Hedong (now in eastern Shanxi Province). He served in the military until the accession of the second emperor of the Song dynasty (960–1279), Taizong (reg 976–97), when he set forth by boat to the capital and sold figures and landscapes on the road leading to the Celestial Gate (Tian men). He is said to have been a court official, as a result of which he was accorded the honorary title of jiangshi lang (‘court gentleman for ceremonial service’), and to have served as the zhubo (recorder or archivist) in Yunying District, Yunzhou. He rose to fame, according to one account (the Shengchao minghua ping; ‘Critique of famous painters of the present dynasty’, by the Song writer Liu Daochun), during the reign of Emperor Taizong when Gao Yi, a painter in attendance (daizhao) at the Hanlin Painting Academy, bought several of Yan’s paintings and presented them to the Emperor, saying: ‘As your servant is charged with the restoration of [flood-damaged] murals in the temple Xiangguo si, may it be submitted that for the painting of the rocks and trees in the project, only Wengui can be sure to paint them successfully.’ Taizong was so impressed by the paintings and the recommendation that he appointed Yan to an unspecified position in the Academy. Another Northern Song art historian, Guo Ruoxu, wrote in the Tuhua jianwen zhi (‘Experiences in painting’; preface 1075) that during the reign of Emperor Zhenzong (reg 998–1023), Yan was a member of a team of 30,000 men who were building and painting the Daoist temple complex Yuqing zhaoying gong and that during his leisure hours he painted some landscapes. These so impressed the superintendent that Yan was recommended to the Hanlin Painting Academy for the position of usher (zhihou). Both accounts are uncorroborated. In landscapes Yan Wengui did not follow the ancients but created a new style of his own, in which he represented the myriad aspects of nature with startling lifelike vividness. These landscapes came to be known as Yan jia jingzhi (‘Yan school scenes’). Yan also excelled in depicting houses, palaces, boats and carts, usually by means of ruled lines. A characteristic peculiar to his work was the incorporation of minutely rendered architectural details within free-hand landscape passages. Liu Daochun also reported that Yan’s fan paintings pleased the Emperor and that he once painted the Qixi [Summer] Night Market, showing its bustling activities with astonishing fidelity. Yan’s album Puochuan duhai xiang (‘Pictures of boats coming back from sea’), owned by a wealthy merchant, was only about 300 mm high and depicted boats the size of small leaves and people the size of wheat grains; masts, sails, steering oars and people pointing and shouting were all rendered with amazing precision, and there were marvellous images of mighty waves, distant islands and sea monsters surging across the oceans. According to Guo Ruoxu, people kept in their homes screen paintings and hanging scrolls by Yan; and Deng Chun recorded in his Hua ji (‘Painting continued’; see China, §V, 5) that he owned a set of Yan’s four seasons paintings (all untraced), including such evocative titles as Waxing Moon over the Flowering Village, Evening Rain on the Calm River, Mists in the Bamboo Forest at Dusk and Remaining Snow at Pine Stream. The titles, format and sequential character serve to exemplify what were later known as Yan school scenes. The landscape painting Towers and Pavilions amid Rivers and Mountains ( Jiangshan louguan; handscroll, ink on paper; Osaka, Mun. Mus. A.) bears Yan’s name and is the work most consistently attributed to the artist by 20th-century art historians. In its handling of brush and ink and brush motifs, the style resembles that of his contemporary Fan kuan, by whom Yan was much influenced. Broad, swelling strokes of thick, black ink define both the contour lines of the boulder and the horizontal plane of the mountain. The rocky surface is modelled with finer, relatively centred, short ink strokes, with slashes of horizontal accents in the area of sheer rock-faces. The work has been dated to the mid-11th century largely on the grounds of the variety of modelling strokes used; in later works attributed to the master these became more unified and stylized. The mountains are girdled in mist and the bottom is highlighted, emphasizing the vertiginous feeling and the spatial expanse between the ranges. Houses and manmade objects are unnaturally small, dwarfed by the grandeur of nature, in which men and beasts, though depicted naturalistically, serve as incidental accents. Towers and Pavilions accords in structure and appearance with descriptions of Yan’s style by Yuan-period (1279–1368) observers. In the same period Ni Zan and Qian Weishan wrote of a painting associated with Yan called Lonely Temple in Autumn Mountains (Qiushan xiaosi; untraced). It depicted vertiginous precipices, riders hurrying lightly on stone-paved paths, wintry winds sending off distant skiffs, in short, a hoary, autumnal panorama described in minute detail and full of antique feeling. Another hanging scroll, called Towers and Pavilions amid Streams and Mountains (Qishan louguan) (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.; see fig.), shows similar composition and motifs. There is an emphatic use of the small, vertical texture brushstrokes associated with Fan Kuan’s modelling of rocky mountain surfaces, later called yudian cun (‘raindrop texture strokes’). The many granite peaks rise ever higher as they recede. Overall, the painting recalls the Osaka handscroll, but the somewhat mannerized application of contour outlines and texture strokes may reveal a later interpretation of the style. Its present dimensions (1039×474 mm) and incomplete appearance suggest that it may have been part of a larger, wider composition, perhaps one of a series of six or eight panels of a screen. --DOA", + "date": "late 10th century ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XieNanxing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xie, Nanxing", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Chongqing, Sichuan Province; graduated 1996 from from the Sichuan Fine Art Institute; has lived and worked in New York since 1990.", -"date": "b. 1970", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanZong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yan, Zong", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese painter of the Ming", + "date": "active ca. 1465-1487", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XieShichen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xie, Shichen", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x27s43c38 Alternate names: Hsieh Shih-ch'en, 謝時臣 Ming dynasty From Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Pupil of Wen Zhengming. Landscapes after Shen Zhou, influenced by Dai Jin and Wu Wei. Famous for seascapes. Also painted figures. --Seymour", -"date": "1487 - after 1559", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanagawaKenji", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yanagawa, Kenji", + "comment": "New Look of Environmental Design For a Sustainable Environment and Society, Tokyo: Orange Book Co., Ltd., 2005. Japanese architect", + "date": "active early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XieZhangzhang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xie, Zhangzhang", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Hsieh Chang-chang", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanagawaShigenobuII", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yanagawa, Shigenobu II", + "comment": "Keyes, Roger; Art of Surimono: Privately Published Japanese Woodblock Prints and Books in the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin, vol.2, London: Philip Wilson for Sotheby Publications, 1985. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XinHaizhou", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xin, Haizhou", -"comment": "China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. Chinese painter, graduated 1989 from the Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts and now teaches there.", -"date": "b. 1966", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XinJianglong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xin, Jianglong", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Hsin Chiang-lung", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YandaWilliamF", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yanda, William F.", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XiuJun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xiu, Jun", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Laiyang, Shandong Province; member of Chinese Woodcut Artists' Association; alternate name: Hsiu Chun; 修军", -"date": "born 1925", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangMeiziEmpressofChina", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yang Meizi, Empress of China", + "comment": "Fong, Wen C. Beyond representation : Chinese Painting and Calligraphy, 8th-14th Century. New Haven : Yale University Press, c1992.. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuBeihong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xu, Beihong", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -"date": "1895-1953", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuChuanru", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xu, Chuanru", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Chenghai, Guangdong Province; member of the Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 许川如", -"date": "born 1941", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangBorun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yang, Borun", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuDaoning", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xu, Daoning", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x34d26n39 Alternate names: Hsü Tao-ning, 許道寧 Song dynasty (b Chang’an [modern Xi’an], Shaanxi Province, c. ad 970; d c. 1052). Chinese painter. Originally a vendor of medicinal herbs, he initially painted landscapes to attract potential customers. After attaining fame, he ‘frequented the manorial homes of princelings and officials’, for whom he painted murals, hanging scrolls and handscrolls. He was a familiar guest of the rich and powerful in both Chang’an and the capital, Bianliang (modern Kaifeng), in Henan Province. Famous clients included Huang Tingjian’s father, Huang Shu (1018–58). Huang Tingjian later eulogized one of Xu’s paintings: I met Drunken Xu in Chang’an … Quite tipsy, he would wield a worn brush dripping with ink, With the force of an avalanche, his hand never stopping. In a few feet, mountains and rivers would stretch over ten thousand miles, And fill the hall with a bleak and chilly air. A rustic monk returns to his temple, followed by the boy. A fisherman is hailed by the traveller waiting to ford the stream. (trans. M. F. Wilson) It seems that Xu was active in the capital around 1040. It is known that in 1042 he offended the prefect of Chang’an and took refuge in Huanzhou (now Huan xian), Gansu Province, but returned to Chang’an in 1043–4. Although considered vulgar and plebeian by the irascible Mi Fu in his Hua shi (‘History of painting’; c. 1103), Xu was ranked by most early critics as one of the great landscape masters after Fan Kuan and Li Cheng. It was noted that whereas in his early years Xu had a meticulous and laborious style, he eventually developed an individual, eccentric mode of brush deployment characterized by speed, animation and compelling power. A marked use of wet ink was observed in his later paintings of desolate and cold northern barren scenes. Wen Tong inscribed Xu’s painting Wintry Woods: ‘Although Master Xu studies the style of Li Yingqiu [ad 919–c. 967], in ink strokes he criss-crosses with abandon entirely in his own manner.’ By the Xuanhe era (1119–26) of the reign of Huizong, Xu’s influence had become such that the descendants of his contemporary Qu Ding were said to have taken up Xu’s style and not their own family tradition in order to survive. The Xuanhe huapu (‘Xuanhe collection of painting’; preface 1120) lists 138 works by Xu: themes include river fishing scenes, autumnal mountains, layered mountains, snow scenes, mists, woods and rocks, summer rains, vernal travels, cloudy spring mountains, wintry woods and returning geese. Liu Daochun lists Xu’s three areas of excellence as woods and trees, level distance ( ping yuan) and wild waters. He admires Xu’s vigorous, uninhibited compositions, which reflect the spirit of Li Cheng. Guo Ruoxu remarked on Xu’s abbreviated and highly individual brushwork, with which he created sheer precipices and sinewy, firm woods and trees. Yuan-period (1279–1368) writers, noting Xu’s origins as a medicine peddler, claim that his early brushwork had a touch of the common and vulgar, qualities that were shed only in his middle years, when his style became more restrained and abbreviated. They remark on his blunt and straight brush-wielding, with the entrance of the stroke exposed and the entire length a firm, straight-edged line. A handscroll entitled Qiushan xiaosi (‘Desolate temple amid autumn mountains’; Kyoto, Fujii Yurinkan Mus.), associated with Xu, exhibits characteristics that may correspond to descriptions of his early meticulous style. However, for such technically correct works, in which the brushwork is self-effacing and hidden, it is not easy to identify the artist. The scroll’s relatively weak structure suggests that it may represent a work of the Li–Guo school (Li Cheng and Guo xi) from after the Yuan period. Its high vantage-point, close foreground, large crossed bare trees and tendency to block out the far distance all point to the perception of the early part of the Ming (1368–1644). An unsigned handscroll in ink on silk with light colours, Yufu tujuan (‘Fishermen’s evening song’; see fig.), on the other hand, can be relatively securely identified with contemporary descriptions of Xu’s late style, though it lacks an end-section and the artist’s signature. The scroll possesses the hoary grandeur associated with painting of the early part of the Northern Song period (960–1127). The masterly and natural deployment of ink wash is typical of the Li Cheng school; the scale and the dwarfing of human presence, as well as the sense of a light source in the play of light and dark, all point to an early dating. The roughness and spontaneity of the masterly modelling strokes (cun) correspond to descriptions of Xu Daoning’s late style, as does the use of wet blobs rather than ink circles to depict watery rocks. --DOA", -"date": "ca. 1000 - 1066", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuFubao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xu, Fubao", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province; alternate name: 徐甫堡", -"date": "born 1912", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangBuzhi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yang, Buzhi", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y25b39z44 Alternate names: Yang Pu-chih, 楊補 Qing dynasty", + "date": "17th century ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuGuang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xu, Guang", -"comment": "China Publications Center; Modern Chinese Woodcuts, Beijing: Guozi Shudian, 1965. alternate name: Hsu Kuang", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangChunhua", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yang, Chunhua", + "comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Nanjing, Jiangsu province", + "date": "born 1953", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuHengge", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xu, Heng'ge", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Hsu Heng-ko ", -"date": "active mid 20th century ", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangGuowu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yang, Guowu", + "comment": "Rotondo, Lisa E.; Chinese Revolutionary Woodcuts, 1935-1948: From the Herman Collection, Middletown (CT): Davison Art Center, 1984. alternate name: Yang Ko Wu", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuJing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xu, Jing", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x34j33 Alternate names: Hsü Ching, 許敬 From Hangzhou, Zhejiang province. Painted plum blossoms. --Seymour", -"date": "Ming dynasty", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangHan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yang, Han", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province; council member of Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 杨涵", + "date": "born 1920", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuJiping", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xu, Jiping", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangHui", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yang, Hui", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y25h42 Alternate names: Yang Hui, 楊輝 Yuan dynasty Painted plum blossoms. --Seymour", + "date": "unidentified, probably late Yuan", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuJunxuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xu, Junxuan", -"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese painter, born in Jiangyin, Jiangsu province, graduated 1960 from the Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts", -"date": "b. 1934", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangHuijun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yang, Huijun", + "comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese painter during the Cultural Revolution", + "date": "b. 1946", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuKuang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xu, Kuang", -"comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. member of the Chinese Artists' Association, council member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 徐匡", -"date": "born 1938", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangJihong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yang, Jihong", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese painter", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuLei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xu, Lei", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangJin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yang, Jin", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y25j32 Alternate names: Yang Chin, 楊晉 Qing dynasty From Jiangsu province. Pupil and assistant of Wang Hui. Painted landscapes, figures, and flowers. --Seymour", + "date": "1644 - after 1726", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuLeng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xu, Leng", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Zhejiang; alternate name: 徐楞", -"date": "born 1929", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangKeyang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yang, Keyang", + "comment": "Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she; Shanghai ban hua xuan ji, Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1963. born in Suichang, Zhejiang Province", + "date": "born 1914", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuLin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xu, Lin", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Zunyi, Guizhou Province; joined in Guangdong branch of the Chinese Artists' Association in 1956; alternate name: 徐琳", -"date": "1929-1965", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangMaoyuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yang, Maoyuan", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Dalian, Liaoning Province; graduated 1989 from the Central Institute of Fine Arts, Beijing.", + "date": "b. 1966", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuShichang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xu, Shichang", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x34s43c35 Alternate names: Hsü Shih-ch'ang, 徐世昌 Song dynasty From Nanjing, Jiangsu province. Painted flowers, birds, landscapes. --Seymour", -"date": "2nd half of 12th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangNewei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yang, Newei", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born Tengxian, Guangxi Province; alternate name: 杨讷维 ", + "date": "born 1912", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuTai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xu, Tai", -"comment": "Fourcade, Francois; Art Treasures of the Peking Museum, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1965. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangShaobin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yang, Shaobin", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Tangshan, Hebei Province; graduated 1983 from the Polytechnic University, Hebei; lives and works in Beijing.", + "date": "b. 1963", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuTiankai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xu, Tiankai", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born Nan'an, Fujian Province; alternate name: 许天开", -"date": "born 1912", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangSheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yang, Sheng", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y25s42 Alternate names: Yang Sheng, 楊昇 Tang dynasty Active as court painter. Famous for portraits of Emperor Xuanzong and Suzong. Also, landscapes in the boneless manner of Zhang Sengyou. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 714 - 742", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuYang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xu, Yang", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x34y25 Alternate names: Hsü Yang, 徐楊 Qing dynasty From Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Court painter in Qianlong period. Painted landscapes, plum blossoms, figures, and birds. --Seymour", -"date": "ca. 1760", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangShilang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yang, Shilang", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998. 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Calligraphy in seal script style. --Seymour", -"date": "1599 - 1669", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuYihui", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xu, Yihui", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Lian Yungang, Jiangsu Province; Nanjing Academy of Arts, 1985-1989; lives and works in Beijing.", -"date": "b. 1964", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangShufeng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yang, Shufeng", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuZe", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xu, Ze", -"comment": "Wu Tung; Tales From the Land of Dragons: 1,000 Years of Chinese Painting, Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1997. born in Yunjian (the present Songjiang, near Shanghai) according to the Kundaikan Sochoki, and active during the Yuan dynasty, was said to have specialized in painting landscapes, hawks, buffaloes, birds, and flowers. ", -"date": "second half 14th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangShuide", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yang, Shuide", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Yang Shui-teh", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuZhen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xu, Zhen", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Shanghai.", -"date": "b. 1977", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangWei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yang, Wei", + "comment": "Zheng Zhenduo, Zhang Heng and Xu Bangda; Song ren hua ce, Beijing: Zhongguo gu dian yi shu chu ban she, 1957. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuZhenqing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xu, Zhenqing", -"comment": "Yang Xiaoneng; Tracing the Past, Drawing the Future: Master Ink Painters in Twentieth-Century China, Milan: Continents Editions, 2010. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuZhongou", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xu, Zhongou", -"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Chengdu, Sichuan province", -"date": "born 1952", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangXianrang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yang, Xianrang", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Shandong Province, member of the Chinese Artists' Association; alternate name: 杨先让", + "date": "born 1930", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuandeEmperor", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xuande, Emperor", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x35z58m Alternate names: Hsüan-tsung (Hsüan-te), 宣宗, (Xuande) Ming dynasty From Beijing. Painted landscapes, figures, flowers, and animals. Collector, poet, and calligrapher. --Seymour", -"date": "1393 - 1435 (r. 1426 - 1435)", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangXun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yang, Xun", + "comment": "Cahill, James; Parting at the Shore: Chinese Painting of the Early and Middle Ming Dynasty, 1368-1580, New York; Tokyo: Weatherhill, 1978. Chinese painter in the Ming Dynasty", + "date": "active late 15th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuanzongEmperor", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xuanzong, Emperor", -"comment": "Wei Ran; Buddhist Buildings (Ancient Chinese Architecture series, v.6), English edition, New York: Springer-Verlag Wien, 2000. Emperor Xuānzong 唐宣宗李忱 (810–859, reigned 846–859) was a later emperor of the Tang Dynasty of China. Personally named Li Chen, he was one of the most revolutionary rulers in Chinese history. He contributed to Chinese cultural and technological advancements in various ways. During his reign the Uyghur empire disintegrated. He helped to centralize the faltering Tang government. 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(Wikipedia)", -"date": "810–859", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangYangdong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yang, Yangdong", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Yang Yang-tung", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XuanzongEmperorofChina", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xuanzong, Emperor of China", -"comment": "Possessing the past : treasures from the National Palace Museum, Taipei / Wen C. Fong, James C.Y. Watt, with contributions by Richard M. Barnhart ... [et al]. New York : Metropolitan Museum of Art : Distributed by H.N. Abrams, 1996. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangYongqing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yang, Yongqing", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Shanghai, council member of Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate names: Yang Yung-ching, 杨永青", + "date": "born 1928", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XueAn", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xue, An", -"comment": "Ryo Kai, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1975. Chinese painter of Chan subjects, Yuan dynasty", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangYushu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yang, Yushu", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter, part of the No Name group and the Yuyuantan Lake School of Painting (Yuyuantan huapai)", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/XueSong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xue, Song", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Anhui Province; graded 1988 from the Shanghai Drama Institute.", -"date": "b. 1965", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangZhenzhong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yang, Zhenzhong", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese video and installation artist and photographer,; born in Xiaoshan, graduated from the oil painting department of the China Fine Arts Academy in Hangzhou in 1993, lives and works in Shanghai.", + "date": "b. 1968", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Xuechuang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xuechuang", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). 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", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Xugu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Xugu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). x34g35 Alternate names: Xu Gu; Hsü-ku, 虛谷 Qing dynasty Painter, traditional literary school, who became a monk and founded his own individual school of painting and calligraphy. 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", -"date": "1930-1935", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangZhilin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yang, Zhilin", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YalourisN", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yalouris, N.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangZhixian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yang, Zhixian", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Yang Chih-hsien", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamadaDoan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yamada, Doan", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Døan was known for his religious paintings associated with Zen teachings.", -"date": "d. 1571", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangjiabuNianhuaWorkshop", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yangjiabu Nianhua Workshop", + "comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamadaHogyoku", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yamada, Hogyoku", -"comment": "Narazaki, Muneshige; Hizō ukiyoe taikan : Puruverā korekushon (Ukiyo-e masterpieces in Western collections), Tokyo: Kodansha, 1990. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangliuqingNianhuaWorkshop", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yangliuqing Nianhua Workshop", + "comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamadaJokasai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yamada, Jokasai", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "ca. 1681-1704", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YankiboyPlayClothes", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yankiboy Play Clothes", + "comment": "Galembo, Phyllis; Dressed for Thrills, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2002. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamadaShinkichi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yamada, Shinkichi", -"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", -"date": "20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamadaYasujirō", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yamada, Yasujirō", -"comment": "Yamada Yasujiro; Chaseki okoshiezu mokuroku, Tokyo: Yamada Yasujiro, 193-. alternate name: 山田保次郎", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YankiboysPlayClothes", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yankiboys Play Clothes", + "comment": "Galembo, Phyllis; Dressed for Thrills, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2002. ", + "date": "active early 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamaguchiHanroku", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yamaguchi, Hanroku", -"comment": "Takashina, Shuji; Edo kara Meiji e, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanoTatehiko", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yano, Tatehiko", + "comment": "Hickman, Money L. et al.; Japan's Golden Age: Momoyama, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamaguchiSekkei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yamaguchi, Sekkei", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1644-1732", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamamotoHosui", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yamamoto, Hosui", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Studied Western style painting in Japan, in 1898 he traveled to Paris and worked with the French painter Jean-Leon Gerome. 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", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YaoShou", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yao, Shou", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y26s44 Alternate names: Yao Shou, 姚綬 Ming dynasty From Zhejiang province. Painted landscapes in the style of Wu Zhen. Also bamboo, rocks. Calligraphy in running-cursive script style. Poem dated 1489. --Seymour", + "date": "1423 - 1495", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamamotoSoken", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yamamoto, Soken", -"comment": "Murase, Miyeko; Masterpieces of Japanese Screen Painting, New York: George Braziller, Inc., 1990. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YaoSong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yao, Song", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y26s56 Alternate names: Yao Sung, 姚宋 Qing dynasty Anhui School: Yao Song (1648–after 1721), also from She xian, whose imitations of the Hongren manner bring the active period of the school to a close. --DOA Painted landscapes, figures, flowers, and birds. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 1700", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamanaAyao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yamana, Ayao", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "1897-1980", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YaoTingmei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yao, Tingmei", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y26t35m27 Alternate names: Yao T'ing-mei, 姚廷美 Yuan dynasty From Zhejiang province. Painted landscapes. --Seymour", + "date": "mid 14th century ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamanakaFumitaka", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yamanaka, Fumitaka", -"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YaoWenhan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yao, Wenhan", + "comment": "Rawski, Evelyn S. and Jessica Rawson; China: The Three Emperors, 1662-1795, London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2005. ", + "date": "fl. from 1743", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamashiroTad", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yamashiro, Tad", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YaoXie", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yao, Xie", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamatoyaKyubei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yamatoya, Kyubei", -"comment": "http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/term_details.aspx. 山本久兵衛", -"date": "active mid 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YamazakiJoryu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yamazaki, Joryu", -"comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", -"date": "fl. 1716-1744", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YaoZhenchu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yao, Zhenchu", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese peasant painter", + "date": "third quarter 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanBinghui", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yan, Binghui", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. b. Tianjin, PRC B.A., Tianjin Academy of Fine Arts, 1986.", -"date": "b. 1956", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YaoZhonghua", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yao, Zhonghua", + "comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese artist, born in Yunnan Province, graduated from the Central Academy of Fine Arts in 1964.", + "date": "b. 1939", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanCiyu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yan, Ciyu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y24c55y35 Alternate names: Yen Tz'u-yü, 閻次于 Song dynasty Younger brother of Yan Ciping. Worked in the Academy. Painted landscapes. --Seymour", -"date": "active ca. 1165", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YarfitzDenise", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yarfitz, Denise", + "comment": "Broude, Norma and Mary D. Garrar, eds.; Power of Feminist Art: the American Movement of the 1970s, History and Impact, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanGuanghui", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yan, Guanghui", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Yen Kuang-hui", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanHan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yan, Han", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). born in Donghai, Jiangsu province; woodcut artist, oil painter; alternate name: 彦涵", -"date": "born 1916", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yari", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yari", + "comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. calligrapher Safavid", + "date": "active 16th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanHongzi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yan, Hongzi", -"comment": "Masterpieces of Chinese Figure Painting in the National Palace Museum (Gu gong ren wu hua xuan cui), Taipei: National Palace Museum, 1973. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YashimaGakutei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yashima, Gakutei", + "comment": "Newland, Amy Reigle; Hotei Encyclopedia of Japanese Woodblock Prints, Amsterdam: Hotei Publishing, 2005. ", + "date": "1786-1868", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanLei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yan, Lei", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Hebei Province; graduated 1991 from the Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou; lives in Beijing and Hong Kong.", -"date": "b. 1965", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YeCheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ye, Cheng", + "comment": "Barnhart, Richard M; Painters of the great Ming: the Imperial Court and the Zhe School, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 1993. Ming dynasty", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanLi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yan, Li", -"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanLiben", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yan, Liben", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y24l32b28 Alternate names: Yen Li-pen, 閻立本 Tang dynasty (b Wannian, Yongzhou [now Xi’an], Shaanxi Province, c. ad 600; d 673). Chinese painter and government official. He is the most famous painter associated with the imperial courts of the emperors Taizong (reg ad 626–49) and Gaozong (reg 649–83) and the most notable of the few Chinese court painters to attain exceptional official rank. He helped define the imperial taste of the Tang dynasty (618–907), depicting figures and narrative subjects in a detailed, colourful and realistic style. Yan Liben’s father, Yan Bi (563–613), born into an important aristocratic family of the Northern Wei and married to a daughter of the Northern Zhou emperor Wudi (reg 561–77), was himself a painter and calligrapher, who earned a place as designer, engineer and architect at the Sui-dynasty (581–618) court. Yan Liben’s elder brother, Yan Lide (d 656), attained the important posts of Director of the Directorate for Palace Buildings and President of the Board of Works (c. 648). Yan Liben followed his brother in these posts and then rose to become Chief Minister of the Right in 668 and Director of the Secretariat in 671, important and influential offices involved with the formulation of government policy. Yan Liben was trained as an artist at an early age. In 626 he had the important commission of painting portraits of the 18 scholars at the court of the prince who later became Taizong. In 643 he painted portraits of 24 meritorious officials for the Lingyan Pavilion (four of these survive in the form of Northern Song (960–1127) rubbings; Beijing, Cent. Acad. A. & Des.). He also painted religious subjects, as confirmed by his inclusion in the category of painters of Buddhist and Daoist subjects in the Xuanhe huapu (‘Xuanhe collection of painting’; preface 1120). He modelled his style on that of Zhang Sengyou ( fl c. 500–50) and was noted for his ability to capture the true appearance of things. Thus he was ordered by Taizong to portray the foreign tribute bearers arriving at court (for an illustration of tribute bearers attributed to Yan Liben, see China, fig. 132), as well as Prince Guo (younger brother of Taizong) heroically killing a murderous dark tiger with a single bow shot. According to anecdote, Yan was once hurriedly called forth by Taizong to crouch by a lake and paint some unusual birds bobbing in the water that the emperor found particularly delightful. Apparently, Yan was greatly humiliated by the experience and warned his sons never to become painters. An example of Chinese historiographers’ traditional bias against painters and artisans, this story, with its moral message, became indelibly linked with Yan Liben’s later image. Of the extant works attributed to Yan, Thirteen Emperors (handscroll, ink and colours on silk; Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.; see China, fig. 128) is the best-known and the finest. It portrays 13 emperors ranging from the Han (206 bc–ad 220) to Sui dynasties, with identifying titles above. The latter seven are considered to be earlier and of better quality than the first six, though even the seven may represent a portion of a mid-11th-century copy of an original painted not by Yan but by another 7th-century artist, Lang Yuling. Palanquin Bearers (see fig.) depicts the meeting of the Tibetan envoy Lu Dongzan with Emperor Taizong (borne on a palanquin by nine maidens). It is also considered to be a mid-11th-century copy, but the attribution of the composition to Yan is slightly more secure. In both paintings, the figures are meticulously delineated with ‘iron wire’ lines, following an earlier tradition best exemplified by the Eastern Jin (ad 317–420) painter Gu kaizhi, but they also exhibit a concern for subtle volumetric modelling. A lively sense of design, capturing the atmosphere of court pageantry, is particularly pronounced in the portrayal of Taizong’s entourage in Palanquin Bearers. Personality and mood are aptly expressed in individual faces and gestures, in accordance with Yan’s reported talent for portraying true appearances. --DOA", -"date": "600 - 674", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YeFu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ye, Fu", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. alternate name: 野夫", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanLide", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yan, Lide", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y24l32d27 Alternate names: Yen Li-te, 閻立德 Tang dynasty Yan Liben’s talent for tribute scenes was perhaps surpassed only by that of his older brother Yan Lide (d ad 656), of whom it was said that ‘in rendering the strange and weird appearance of foreign types no famous painter is his equal’. --DOA", -"date": "7th century ", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanPeiming", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yan, Peiming", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Shanghai; lives and works in Dijon, France.", -"date": "b. 1960", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YeGuang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ye, Guang", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y27g39 Alternate names: Yeh Kuang, 葉廣 Ming dynasty", + "date": "16th century ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanWengui", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yan, Wengui", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y24w27g42 Alternate names: Yen Wen-kuei (Yen Kuei), 燕文貴 Song dynasty (b Wuxing [now in Zhejiang Province]; fl late 970s–early 11th century). Chinese painter. He probably studied with Hao Hui ( fl 10th–11th century) of Hedong (now in eastern Shanxi Province). He served in the military until the accession of the second emperor of the Song dynasty (960–1279), Taizong (reg 976–97), when he set forth by boat to the capital and sold figures and landscapes on the road leading to the Celestial Gate (Tian men). He is said to have been a court official, as a result of which he was accorded the honorary title of jiangshi lang (‘court gentleman for ceremonial service’), and to have served as the zhubo (recorder or archivist) in Yunying District, Yunzhou. He rose to fame, according to one account (the Shengchao minghua ping; ‘Critique of famous painters of the present dynasty’, by the Song writer Liu Daochun), during the reign of Emperor Taizong when Gao Yi, a painter in attendance (daizhao) at the Hanlin Painting Academy, bought several of Yan’s paintings and presented them to the Emperor, saying: ‘As your servant is charged with the restoration of [flood-damaged] murals in the temple Xiangguo si, may it be submitted that for the painting of the rocks and trees in the project, only Wengui can be sure to paint them successfully.’ Taizong was so impressed by the paintings and the recommendation that he appointed Yan to an unspecified position in the Academy. Another Northern Song art historian, Guo Ruoxu, wrote in the Tuhua jianwen zhi (‘Experiences in painting’; preface 1075) that during the reign of Emperor Zhenzong (reg 998–1023), Yan was a member of a team of 30,000 men who were building and painting the Daoist temple complex Yuqing zhaoying gong and that during his leisure hours he painted some landscapes. These so impressed the superintendent that Yan was recommended to the Hanlin Painting Academy for the position of usher (zhihou). Both accounts are uncorroborated. In landscapes Yan Wengui did not follow the ancients but created a new style of his own, in which he represented the myriad aspects of nature with startling lifelike vividness. These landscapes came to be known as Yan jia jingzhi (‘Yan school scenes’). Yan also excelled in depicting houses, palaces, boats and carts, usually by means of ruled lines. A characteristic peculiar to his work was the incorporation of minutely rendered architectural details within free-hand landscape passages. Liu Daochun also reported that Yan’s fan paintings pleased the Emperor and that he once painted the Qixi [Summer] Night Market, showing its bustling activities with astonishing fidelity. Yan’s album Puochuan duhai xiang (‘Pictures of boats coming back from sea’), owned by a wealthy merchant, was only about 300 mm high and depicted boats the size of small leaves and people the size of wheat grains; masts, sails, steering oars and people pointing and shouting were all rendered with amazing precision, and there were marvellous images of mighty waves, distant islands and sea monsters surging across the oceans. According to Guo Ruoxu, people kept in their homes screen paintings and hanging scrolls by Yan; and Deng Chun recorded in his Hua ji (‘Painting continued’; see China, §V, 5) that he owned a set of Yan’s four seasons paintings (all untraced), including such evocative titles as Waxing Moon over the Flowering Village, Evening Rain on the Calm River, Mists in the Bamboo Forest at Dusk and Remaining Snow at Pine Stream. The titles, format and sequential character serve to exemplify what were later known as Yan school scenes. The landscape painting Towers and Pavilions amid Rivers and Mountains ( Jiangshan louguan; handscroll, ink on paper; Osaka, Mun. Mus. A.) bears Yan’s name and is the work most consistently attributed to the artist by 20th-century art historians. In its handling of brush and ink and brush motifs, the style resembles that of his contemporary Fan kuan, by whom Yan was much influenced. Broad, swelling strokes of thick, black ink define both the contour lines of the boulder and the horizontal plane of the mountain. The rocky surface is modelled with finer, relatively centred, short ink strokes, with slashes of horizontal accents in the area of sheer rock-faces. The work has been dated to the mid-11th century largely on the grounds of the variety of modelling strokes used; in later works attributed to the master these became more unified and stylized. The mountains are girdled in mist and the bottom is highlighted, emphasizing the vertiginous feeling and the spatial expanse between the ranges. Houses and manmade objects are unnaturally small, dwarfed by the grandeur of nature, in which men and beasts, though depicted naturalistically, serve as incidental accents. Towers and Pavilions accords in structure and appearance with descriptions of Yan’s style by Yuan-period (1279–1368) observers. In the same period Ni Zan and Qian Weishan wrote of a painting associated with Yan called Lonely Temple in Autumn Mountains (Qiushan xiaosi; untraced). It depicted vertiginous precipices, riders hurrying lightly on stone-paved paths, wintry winds sending off distant skiffs, in short, a hoary, autumnal panorama described in minute detail and full of antique feeling. Another hanging scroll, called Towers and Pavilions amid Streams and Mountains (Qishan louguan) (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.; see fig.), shows similar composition and motifs. There is an emphatic use of the small, vertical texture brushstrokes associated with Fan Kuan’s modelling of rocky mountain surfaces, later called yudian cun (‘raindrop texture strokes’). The many granite peaks rise ever higher as they recede. Overall, the painting recalls the Osaka handscroll, but the somewhat mannerized application of contour outlines and texture strokes may reveal a later interpretation of the style. Its present dimensions (1039×474 mm) and incomplete appearance suggest that it may have been part of a larger, wider composition, perhaps one of a series of six or eight panels of a screen. --DOA", -"date": "late 10th century ", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YeLuo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ye, Luo", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. alternate name: 叶洛", + "date": "1912-1985", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanZong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yan, Zong", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese painter of the Ming", -"date": "active ca. 1465-1487", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YeQianyu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ye, Qianyu", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. 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Japanese architect", -"date": "active early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YanagawaShigenobuII", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yanagawa, Shigenobu II", -"comment": "Keyes, Roger; Art of Surimono: Privately Published Japanese Woodblock Prints and Books in the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin, vol.2, London: Philip Wilson for Sotheby Publications, 1985. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YeXin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ye, Xin", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y27x28 Alternate names: Yeh Hsin, 葉欣 Qing dynasty From Jiangsu province. Lived in Nanjing and later Wuxi, Jiangsu province. One of the "Eight Masters of Nanjing." Painted landscapes, followed Zhao Lingrang. --Seymour", + "date": "active ca. 1661", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YandaWilliamF", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yanda, William F.", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YeYongqing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ye, Yongqing", + "comment": "China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. Chinese painter, graduated from Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts", + "date": "b. 1958", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangMeiziEmpressofChina", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yang Meizi, Empress of China", -"comment": "Fong, Wen C. Beyond representation : Chinese Painting and Calligraphy, 8th-14th Century. New Haven : Yale University Press, c1992.. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YeagerJ", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yeager, J.", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangBorun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yang, Borun", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangBuzhi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yang, Buzhi", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y25b39z44 Alternate names: Yang Pu-chih, 楊補 Qing dynasty", -"date": "17th century ", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YeatsLily", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yeats, Lily", + "comment": "Blakesley, Rosalind; Arts and Crafts Movement, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2006. embroiderer for Morris & Co.", + "date": "active late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangChunhua", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yang, Chunhua", -"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Nanjing, Jiangsu province", -"date": "born 1953", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YehudaRosalind", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yehuda, Rosalind", + "comment": "Howell, Georgina; In Vogue: Six Decades of Fashion, reprint of the 1975 edition, London: Allen Lane, Penguin Books Ltd., 1976. ", + "date": "active ca. 1970", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangGuowu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yang, Guowu", -"comment": "Rotondo, Lisa E.; Chinese Revolutionary Woodcuts, 1935-1948: From the Herman Collection, Middletown (CT): Davison Art Center, 1984. alternate name: Yang Ko Wu", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YenCiping", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yen, Ciping", + "comment": "Possessing the past : treasures from the National Palace Museum, Taipei / Wen C. Fong, James C.Y. Watt, with contributions by Richard M. Barnhart ... [et al]. New York : Metropolitan Museum of Art : Distributed by H.N. Abrams, 1996. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangHan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yang, Han", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province; council member of Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 杨涵", -"date": "born 1920", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangHui", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yang, Hui", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y25h42 Alternate names: Yang Hui, 楊輝 Yuan dynasty Painted plum blossoms. --Seymour", -"date": "unidentified, probably late Yuan", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YermolayevA", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yermolayev, A.", + "comment": "Calendar: thirty years of the Soviet State, 1917-1947, Moscow: Foreign Languages Pub. 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Chinese painter", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YevdokimovaEG", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yevdokimova, E. G.", + "comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. toy maker", + "date": "1912-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangJin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yang, Jin", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y25j32 Alternate names: Yang Chin, 楊晉 Qing dynasty From Jiangsu province. Pupil and assistant of Wang Hui. Painted landscapes, figures, and flowers. --Seymour", -"date": "1644 - after 1726", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YiAm", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yi, Am", + "comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Korean bird & flower painter in Chosen period.", + "date": "middle Chosen Period (1550-1700)", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangKeyang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yang, Keyang", -"comment": "Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she; Shanghai ban hua xuan ji, Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1963. born in Suichang, Zhejiang Province", -"date": "born 1914", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YiInmun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yi, Inmun", + "comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Yi Inmun (1745-1821), also known as Yuchun, was a court painter of the late Joseon Dynasty, primarily of landscapes artist. He also held a military position in the court. Perhaps his best-known work is a silk scroll entitled Gangsan mujindo (Streams and Mountains Without End; hangul: 강산무진도; hanja: 江山無盡圖), which is displayed in the National Museum of Korea in Seoul.", + "date": "1745-1821", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangMaoyuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yang, Maoyuan", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Dalian, Liaoning Province; graduated 1989 from the Central Institute of Fine Arts, Beijing.", -"date": "b. 1966", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YiJangson", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yi, Jangson", + "comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Korean painter active in late 15th century.", + "date": "active late 15th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangNewei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yang, Newei", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born Tengxian, Guangxi Province; alternate name: 杨讷维 ", -"date": "born 1912", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YiJinyu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yi, Jinyu", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangShaobin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yang, Shaobin", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Tangshan, Hebei Province; graduated 1983 from the Polytechnic University, Hebei; lives and works in Beijing.", -"date": "b. 1963", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YiMyonguk", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yi, Myong-uk", + "comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Famous Korean court painter during the Chosen period.", + "date": "active 1675-1720", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangSheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yang, Sheng", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y25s42 Alternate names: Yang Sheng, 楊昇 Tang dynasty Active as court painter. Famous for portraits of Emperor Xuanzong and Suzong. Also, landscapes in the boneless manner of Zhang Sengyou. --Seymour", -"date": "ca. 714 - 742", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YiYuanji", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yi, Yuanji", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y28y37q22 Alternate names: I Yüan-chi, 易元吉 Song dynasty From Hunan province. Teacher in Confucian temple. Wall paintings. Flowers, birds and particularly monkeys. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 1064 -1067", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangShilang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yang, Shilang", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YiZhensheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yi, Zhensheng", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Xinghua, Jiangsu Province; joined in the Chinese Artists' Association in 1963, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 易振生 ", + "date": "born 1935", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangShufeng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yang, Shufeng", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yian", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y28a4 Alternate names: I-an, 一庵 Yuan dynasty Painted portraits. --Seymour", + "date": "early 14th century, unidentified", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangShuide", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yang, Shuide", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Yang Shui-teh", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YinHong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yin, Hong", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y29h33 Alternate names: Yin Hung, 殷宏 Ming dynasty From Hunan province. Painted figures, birds, and flowers. --Seymour", + "date": "late 15th - early 16th century ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangWei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yang, Wei", -"comment": "Zheng Zhenduo, Zhang Heng and Xu Bangda; Song ren hua ce, Beijing: Zhongguo gu dian yi shu chu ban she, 1957. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YinTi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yin, Ti", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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Chinese painter in the Ming Dynasty", -"date": "active late 15th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YinXiuzhen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yin, Xiuzhen", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Beijing; studied Central Normal University, Beijing, 1989.", + "date": "b. 1963", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangYangdong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yang, Yangdong", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Yang Yang-tung", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YinYuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yin, Yuan", + "comment": "Yang Xiaoneng; Tracing the Past, Drawing the Future: Master Ink Painters in Twentieth-Century China, Milan: Continents Editions, 2010. 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Chinese painter, part of the No Name group and the Yuyuantan Lake School of Painting (Yuyuantan huapai)", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YinZhaoyang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yin, Zhaoyang", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Henan Province; graduated 1996 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing.", + "date": "b. 1970", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangZhenzhong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yang, Zhenzhong", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese video and installation artist and photographer,; born in Xiaoshan, graduated from the oil painting department of the China Fine Arts Academy in Hangzhou in 1993, lives and works in Shanghai.", -"date": "b. 1968", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YingTianqi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ying, Tianqi", + "comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province", + "date": "born 1949", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangZhiguang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yang, Zhiguang", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yintuoluo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yintuoluo", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y29t44l48 Alternate names: Yin-t'o-lo, 因陀羅 Yuan dynasty Said to be Chinese transcription of Indian name Indra. Chan monk. Abbot of Guangjiao temple in Kaifeng. Painted Buddhist figures. --Seymour", + "date": "second half 13th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangZhilin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yang, Zhilin", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YinyuanLongqi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yinyuan, Longqi", + "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. Active in Japan, abbot of the Wangfusi Temple of Mt. Huangbo in Fuijian Province, 32nd spiritual descendant of Linji Yixuan (d. 866, founder of the Linji school of Chan Buddhism)", + "date": "1592-1673", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangZhixian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yang, Zhixian", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Yang Chih-hsien", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoeBeth", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yoe, Beth", + "comment": "Herman, Lloyd E.; Art That Works: The Decorative Arts of the Eighties, Crafted in America, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1990. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YangjiabuNianhuaWorkshop", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yangjiabu Nianhua Workshop", -"comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. 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", -"date": "fl. from 1743", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YaoXie", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yao, Xie", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. 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Chinese peasant painter", -"date": "third quarter 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YosaiNobukazu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yosai, Nobukazu", + "comment": "Meiji kaikaki no nishikie (Meiji Japan through woodblock prints), Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1989. ", + "date": "1872-1944", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YaoZhonghua", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yao, Zhonghua", -"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese artist, born in Yunnan Province, graduated from the Central Academy of Fine Arts in 1964.", -"date": "b. 1939", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoshidaGenjuro", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yoshida, Genjuro", + "comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", + "date": "1896-1958", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YarfitzDenise", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yarfitz, Denise", -"comment": "Broude, Norma and Mary D. Garrar, eds.; Power of Feminist Art: the American Movement of the 1970s, History and Impact, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoshiharaMichio", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yoshihara, Michio", + "comment": "Schimmel, Paul. Out of Actions: Between Performance the the Object, 1949-1979. Los Angeles, Calif. : The Museum of Contemporary Art New York : Thames and Hudson, 1998. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yari", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yari", -"comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. calligrapher Safavid", -"date": "active 16th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YashimaGakutei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yashima, Gakutei", -"comment": "Newland, Amy Reigle; Hotei Encyclopedia of Japanese Woodblock Prints, Amsterdam: Hotei Publishing, 2005. ", -"date": "1786-1868", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoshikazuIssen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yoshikazu, Issen", + "comment": "Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. New York: Abbeville Press, 1997.. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YeCheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ye, Cheng", -"comment": "Barnhart, Richard M; Painters of the great Ming: the Imperial Court and the Zhe School, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 1993. Ming dynasty", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YeFu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ye, Fu", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. alternate name: 野夫", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoshikuniNomura", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yoshikuni, Nomura", + "comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Japanese printmaker; woodcutter. 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Japanese Ukiyo-e artist and poet, born and worked in Osaka, produced posters and actor prints. Alt. names: Ashimaro (Yoshimaro), Ashimaru, Jukodo, Ko Yoshikuni, Kojodo.", + "date": "active 1803-ca. 1840", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YeLuo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ye, Luo", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. alternate name: 叶洛", -"date": "1912-1985", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yoshinaga", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yoshinaga", + "comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. 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", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YeXin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ye, Xin", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y27x28 Alternate names: Yeh Hsin, 葉欣 Qing dynasty From Jiangsu province. Lived in Nanjing and later Wuxi, Jiangsu province. One of the "Eight Masters of Nanjing." 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Chinese painter, graduated from Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts", -"date": "b. 1958", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yoshiro", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yoshi-ro", + "comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YeagerJ", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yeager, J.", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YeatsLily", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yeats, Lily", -"comment": "Blakesley, Rosalind; Arts and Crafts Movement, London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2006. embroiderer for Morris & Co.", -"date": "active late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yoshisada", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yoshisada", + "comment": "Singer, Robert T. et al.; Edo: Art in Japan 1615-1868, Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1998. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YehudaRosalind", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yehuda, Rosalind", -"comment": "Howell, Georgina; In Vogue: Six Decades of Fashion, reprint of the 1975 edition, London: Allen Lane, Penguin Books Ltd., 1976. ", -"date": "active ca. 1970", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YenCiping", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yen, Ciping", -"comment": "Possessing the past : treasures from the National Palace Museum, Taipei / Wen C. Fong, James C.Y. Watt, with contributions by Richard M. Barnhart ... [et al]. New York : Metropolitan Museum of Art : Distributed by H.N. Abrams, 1996. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoshiyukiMori", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yoshiyuki, Mori", + "comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker, born and worked in Osaka until 1868 when he moved to Tokyo. Pupil of Yoshiume; known for his prints of actors and landscapes such as the series 'One Hundred Views of Osaka'. Alternate names: Hanjiro, Yonejiro, Keisetsu, Nansui, Rokkaen, Rokkaken.", + "date": "1835-1879", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YermolayevA", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yermolayev, A.", -"comment": "Calendar: thirty years of the Soviet State, 1917-1947, Moscow: Foreign Languages Pub. House, 1947. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoungTimothy", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Young, Timothy", + "comment": "Dicken, Samuel Newton and Emily F. Dicken; Making of Oregon: A Study in Historical Geography, Portland, OR: Oregon Historical Society, 1979. ", + "date": "active ca. 1979", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YevdokimovaEG", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yevdokimova, E. G.", -"comment": "State Russian Museum; Russian Folk Toys in the Collection of the Russian Museum, Edn. 18, St. Petersberg: Palace Editions, 2002. toy maker", -"date": "1912-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoungsBenjaminSr", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Youngs, Benjamin, Sr.", + "comment": "Rieman, Timothy D. and Jean M. Burks; Complete Book of Shaker Furniture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , Publishers, 1993. Shaker clock maker", + "date": "1736-1818", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YiAm", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yi, Am", -"comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Korean bird & flower painter in Chosen period.", -"date": "middle Chosen Period (1550-1700)", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoungsFranklin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Youngs, Franklin", + "comment": "Rieman, Timothy D. and Jean M. Burks; Complete Book of Shaker Furniture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , Publishers, 1993. Shaker furniture maker", + "date": "1845-1935", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YiInmun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yi, Inmun", -"comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Yi Inmun (1745-1821), also known as Yuchun, was a court painter of the late Joseon Dynasty, primarily of landscapes artist. He also held a military position in the court. Perhaps his best-known work is a silk scroll entitled Gangsan mujindo (Streams and Mountains Without End; hangul: 강산무진도; hanja: 江山無盡圖), which is displayed in the National Museum of Korea in Seoul.", -"date": "1745-1821", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoungsIsaacNewton", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Youngs, Isaac Newton", + "comment": "Sprigg, June; Shaker Design, New York, London: Whitney Museum of American Art, W.W. Norton & Company, 1986. Shaker furniture maker", + "date": "1793-1865", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YiJangson", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yi, Jangson", -"comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Korean painter active in late 15th century.", -"date": "active late 15th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuBaishu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yu, Baishu", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Cixi, Zhejiang Province; alternate name: 余白墅", + "date": "born 1920", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YiJinyu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yi, Jinyu", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuBen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yu, Ben", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YiMyonguk", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yi, Myong-uk", -"comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Famous Korean court painter during the Chosen period.", -"date": "active 1675-1720", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YiYuanji", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yi, Yuanji", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y28y37q22 Alternate names: I Yüan-chi, 易元吉 Song dynasty From Hunan province. Teacher in Confucian temple. Wall paintings. Flowers, birds and particularly monkeys. --Seymour", -"date": "ca. 1064 -1067", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuFeian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yu, Fei'an", + "comment": "Barnhart, Richard, James Cahill and Wu Hung; Three Thousand Years of Chinese Painting, New Haven; Beijing: Yale University Press; Foreign Languages Press, 1997. Chinese painter, Shandong native; after the Republican period he became a leader in the Chinese Painting Academy and Chinese Painting Research Society", + "date": "1889-1959", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YiZhensheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yi, Zhensheng", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Xinghua, Jiangsu Province; joined in the Chinese Artists' Association in 1963, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 易振生 ", -"date": "born 1935", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuJi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yu, Ji", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y35j24 Alternate names: Yü Chi, 余集 Qing dynasty From Hangzhou, Jiangsu province. Painted figures, orchids, bamboo, birds, and animals. --Seymour", + "date": "1738 - 1823", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yian", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y28a4 Alternate names: I-an, 一庵 Yuan dynasty Painted portraits. --Seymour", -"date": "early 14th century, unidentified", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuJianhua", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yu, Jianhua", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YinHong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yin, Hong", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y29h33 Alternate names: Yin Hung, 殷宏 Ming dynasty From Hunan province. Painted figures, birds, and flowers. --Seymour", -"date": "late 15th - early 16th century ", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YinTi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yin, Ti", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuLi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yu, Li", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", + "date": "1862-1922", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YinXiuzhen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yin, Xiuzhen", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Beijing; studied Central Normal University, Beijing, 1989.", -"date": "b. 1963", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuShading", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yu, Shading", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Ningbo, Zhejing Province; specializes in prints; alternate name: 俞沙丁", + "date": "1923-1966", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YinYuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yin, Yuan", -"comment": "Yang Xiaoneng; Tracing the Past, Drawing the Future: Master Ink Painters in Twentieth-Century China, Milan: Continents Editions, 2010. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuTim", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yu, Tim", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Hong Kong; studied at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1988.", + "date": "b. 1964", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YinZhaoyang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yin, Zhaoyang", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Henan Province; graduated 1996 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing.", -"date": "b. 1970", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuYouhan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yu, Youhan", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", + "date": "active 1980s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YingTianqi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ying, Tianqi", -"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province", -"date": "born 1949", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuYue", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yu, Yue", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yintuoluo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yintuoluo", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y29t44l48 Alternate names: Yin-t'o-lo, 因陀羅 Yuan dynasty Said to be Chinese transcription of Indian name Indra. Chan monk. Abbot of Guangjiao temple in Kaifeng. Painted Buddhist figures. --Seymour", -"date": "second half 13th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YinyuanLongqi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yinyuan, Longqi", -"comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. Active in Japan, abbot of the Wangfusi Temple of Mt. Huangbo in Fuijian Province, 32nd spiritual descendant of Linji Yixuan (d. 866, founder of the Linji school of Chan Buddhism)", -"date": "1592-1673", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuZhiding", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yu, Zhiding", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y35z44d36 Alternate names: Yü Chih-ting, 禹之鼎 Qing dynasty The leading figure in early Qing (1644–1911) portrait painting was Yu Zhiding (1647–1709). His rather conservative, finished images of artists and scholars whose characters are illuminated by their surroundings and accoutrements contrast with the more informal self-portrait images of artists such as Daoji and Kuncan, who portrayed themselves as Buddhist monks, eccentrics or reincarnated saints. --DOA", + "date": "1647 - 1705", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoeBeth", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yoe, Beth", -"comment": "Herman, Lloyd E.; Art That Works: The Decorative Arts of the Eighties, Crafted in America, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1990. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuZiming", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yu, Ziming", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y35z27m37 Alternate names: Yü Tze-ming, 於子明 Song dynasty", + "date": "ca. 13th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yogetsu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yogetsu", -"comment": "Zaigai Nihon no shihō (Japanese Art: Selections from Western Collections) v.3, Tokyo: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1979. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanHao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yuan, Hao", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "born 1930", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YongXu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yong, Xu", -"comment": "Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. New York: Abbeville Press, 1997.. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanJai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yuan, Jai", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Chongqing, resides in Taipei; studied National Taiwan Normal University, 1962; University of Louvain, 1966; Institut Royaux du Patrimoine Artistique Bruxelles, 1968.", + "date": "b. 1941", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YongYang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yong, Yang", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Born in the province of Sichuan with an education in oil painting. After arriving in Shenzhen, one of the fastest growing cities of the south coast of China, Yang started to work with video using the style of Warhol/Paul Morrisey; then by keeping the use photography, she documented the underground scenery of Shenzhen using Nan Goldin´s style. ", -"date": "born 1975", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanJiang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yuan, Jiang", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y37j27 Alternate names: Yüan Chiang, 袁江 Qing dynasty From Jiangsu province. Court painter. Painted landscapes, architectural motifs, followed Song masters. Excelled at "ruled line" painting. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 1723 - 1743", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YongleEmperor", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yongle, Emperor", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born Zhu Di, third emperor of the Ming dynasty, 1402-1424", -"date": "1360-1424", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanLong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yuan, Long", + "comment": "Suzhou Institute of Landscape Architectural Design; Suzhou gardens, Beijing: Zhongguo jian zhu gong ye chu ban she, 1999. designer and builder of gardens during the Guangxu period of the Qing dynasty", + "date": "late 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YongzhengEmperor", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yongzheng, Emperor", -"comment": "Wei Ran; Buddhist Buildings (Ancient Chinese Architecture series, v.6), English edition, New York: Springer-Verlag Wien, 2000. (雍正帝 → yōngzhèngdì) (born Yinzhen (胤禛 → yìnzhēn) December 13, 1678 - October 8, 1735) was the fourth emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and the third Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1722 to 1735. A hard-working ruler, Yongzheng's main goal was to create an effective government at minimum expense. Like his father, the Kangxi Emperor, Yongzheng used military force in order to preserve the dynasty's position. Suspected by historians to have usurped the throne, his reign was often called despotic, efficient, and vigorous. Although Yongzheng's reign was much shorter than the reigns of both his father, the Kangxi Emperor, and his son, the Qianlong Emperor, his sudden death was probably brought about by his workload. Yongzheng continued an era of continued peace and prosperity as he cracked down on corruption and waste, and reformed the financial administration. (Wikipedia)", -"date": "December 13, 1678 - October 8, 1735", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanQinglu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yuan, Qinglu", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Hebei Province; alternate name: 袁庆禄 ", + "date": "born 1953", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YorkandSawyer", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "York and Sawyer", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanQingyi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yuan, Qingyi", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter and writer, from Hunan province. ", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YorkProductionServices", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "York Production Services", -"comment": "Stokstad, Marilyn; Art History, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1995. 3600 W MARKET ST, YORK, PA 17404", -"date": "active 1990s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanShangtong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yuan, Shangtong", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y37s35t36 Alternate names: Yüan Shang-t'ung, 袁尚統 Ming dynasty From Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Painted landscapes, figures, followed Song master. --Seymour", + "date": "1570 - after 1661", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YosaiNobukazu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yosai, Nobukazu", -"comment": "Meiji kaikaki no nishikie (Meiji Japan through woodblock prints), Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1989. ", -"date": "1872-1944", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanTiangeng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yuan, Tiangeng", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoshidaGenjuro", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yoshida, Genjuro", -"comment": "Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ", -"date": "1896-1958", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoshiharaMichio", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yoshihara, Michio", -"comment": "Schimmel, Paul. Out of Actions: Between Performance the the Object, 1949-1979. Los Angeles, Calif. : The Museum of Contemporary Art New York : Thames and Hudson, 1998. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanXiaofang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yuan, Xiaofang", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Chinese painter, born in Huangshi, Hubei Province; graduated 1986 from the Hubei Academy of Fine Arts, Wuhan.", + "date": "b. 1961", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoshikazuIssen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yoshikazu, Issen", -"comment": "Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. New York: Abbeville Press, 1997.. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanYao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yuan, Yao", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y37y26 Alternate names: Yüan Yao, 袁耀 Qing dynasty From Jiangsu province. Court painter. Nephew of Yuan Jiang. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 1744 - 1755", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoshikuniNomura", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yoshikuni, Nomura", -"comment": "Schwaab, Dean J.; Osaka Prints, New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 1989. Japanese printmaker; woodcutter. Alternate names: Ichyyotei, Nomura Yoshikuni, Shoo, Yoshichi", -"date": "1855-1903", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanYunfu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yuan, Yunfu", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese muralist", + "date": "active second half 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoshikuniToyokawa", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yoshikuni, Toyokawa", -"comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. Japanese Ukiyo-e artist and poet, born and worked in Osaka, produced posters and actor prints. Alt. names: Ashimaro (Yoshimaro), Ashimaru, Jukodo, Ko Yoshikuni, Kojodo.", -"date": "active 1803-ca. 1840", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YueMinjun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yue, Minjun", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Daqing, Heilongjiang Province; graduated 1985 from the Hebei Normal University; lives and works in Beijing.", + "date": "b. 1962", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yoshinaga", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yoshinaga", -"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yueshan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yueshan", + "comment": "Realms of Faith, Kaikodo Journal, vol. 2000. Buddhist priest and calligrapher, born Fujian province. Alternate names: Sun Dingzhu (birth name); Daozong (priest name); Etsuzan (Japanese)", + "date": "1629-1709", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoshinobuKomai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yoshinobu, Komai", -"comment": "Narazaki, Muneshige; Ukiyo-e Masterpieces in European Collections v.12, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1988. Ukiyo-e printmaker. Follower of Harunobu and perhaps his assistant. His work is rare. His quite attractive style derives wholly from Harunobu.", -"date": "active 1765-1770", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yujian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yujian", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y35j26 Alternate names: Yü-chien, 玉澗 Song dynasty (b Jinhua, Wuzhou, Zhejiang Province; fl c. 1250). Chinese painter, calligrapher and priest. He was active in Lin’an (now Hangzhou), Zhejiang Province. At the age of nine he entered Baofeng yuan (Precious Peak monastery), where he took the name Ruofen and trained in Tiantai Buddhism. After his ordination he was appointed scribe (shuji) at Tianzhu si (India temple) in the Bei shan (Northern Mountain) temple complex near Lin’an. Ruofen Yujian has been confused with another monk–painter, Ying Yujian, from Jingci si (Pure Compassion temple), a Chan Buddhist establishment in the Nan shan (Southern Mountain) temple complex, also situated near Lin’an. Both men are listed in Tuhui baojian (‘Precious mirror for examining painting’; preface 1365) by Xia Wenyan, whose account of Ruofen draws substantially on a description of 1351 by the painter Wu Taisu. The identification of Ruofen rather than Ying Yujian with the painter Yujian is due to the existence of this more complete account and its consistency with the kind of paintings attributed to Yujian. Yujian travelled widely and adopted his artist’s name (hao) after his return to Jinhua, where he retired to Yu jian (Jade Torrent), a hermitage he built by a remote mountain stream. He established a reputation for his ‘cloud-mountain’ ( yunshan) landscapes and for his paintings of ancient trees, bamboo and plum-blossom, the last influenced by Yang Buzhi. Only four of his paintings have survived and all are in Japanese collections. In the late 16th century, 15 of Yujian’s scrolls were recorded in Japan, including a handscroll, Eight Views of Xiao and Xiang. During the Muromachi period (1333–1568) the painting was cut into separate scenes, and each was remounted as a separate hanging scroll. Three of these survive: Mountain Village in Clearing Mist (Tokyo, Idemitsu Mus. A.; see China, fig. 111), Returning Sails at a Distant Shore (Nagoya, Tokugawa A. Mus.) and Autumn Moon on Lake Dongting (Matsutarō Yata priv. col.). These show strong similarities to a treatment of the same theme attributed to Muqi. Both artists use spontaneously executed ink washes to suggest the forms of the landscape. Yujian’s fourth extant work, Mount Lu (hanging scroll; Tokyo, Yoshikawa priv. col.), is signed and inscribed with a poem. It depicts the range of peaks that rises abruptly between the Yangzi River and Lake Poyang (Jiangxi Province). Only two of the scroll’s three sections have survived, but a copy of the complete design has been preserved (Tokyo, Idemitsu Mus. A.). Painted on loose-grained silk, Mount Lu is stylistically rough and undefined and must have been executed in part with a tool cruder than a brush, such as a straw reed or sugar-cane fibre. Yujian was an accomplished calligrapher. As a scribe at Tianzhu si, he had to compose and write all important documents dealing with the temple’s internal and external affairs. His writings were gathered into one volume, entitled Yujian shengyu (‘Left-over phrases of Yujian’; untraced). Although praised by Wu Taisu as a master of the ‘Three Perfections’ (sanjue)—poetry, calligraphy and painting—he was neglected by later generations of Chinese critics, who considered his individuality too extreme. Although he had no lasting influence on Chinese painting, he was highly regarded in Japan, where his work played an important role in the development of Japanese monochrome ink painting (suibokuga). --DOA", + "date": "mid 13th century ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yoshiro", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yoshi-ro", -"comment": "Kurstin, Joseph and Gilles Lorin; Peacock's Feather: Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, Hollywood, FL: International Netsuke Society, 2006. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YukicSanjin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yukic, Sanjin", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", + "date": "born 1957", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yoshisada", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yoshisada", -"comment": "Singer, Robert T. et al.; Edo: Art in Japan 1615-1868, Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1998. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YukioTsuboyamaandTsuboyamaOffice", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yukio Tsuboyama &Tsuboyama Office", + "comment": "New Look of Environmental Design For a Sustainable Environment and Society, Tokyo: Orange Book Co., Ltd., 2005. Japanese architectural firm", + "date": "active early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoshiyukiMori", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yoshiyuki, Mori", -"comment": "Roberts, Laurance P.; Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer, First paperback edition, Tokyo; New York: Weatherhill, 1990. Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker, born and worked in Osaka until 1868 when he moved to Tokyo. Pupil of Yoshiume; known for his prints of actors and landscapes such as the series 'One Hundred Views of Osaka'. Alternate names: Hanjiro, Yonejiro, Keisetsu, Nansui, Rokkaen, Rokkaken.", -"date": "1835-1879", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YunBing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yun, Bing", + "comment": "Weidner, Marsha, Ellen Johnston Laing, Irving Yucheng Lo, Christina Chu, and James Robinson; Views from Jade Terrace: Chinese Women Artists 1300-1912, Indianapolis: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 1988 (0847810038). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoungTimothy", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Young, Timothy", -"comment": "Dicken, Samuel Newton and Emily F. Dicken; Making of Oregon: A Study in Historical Geography, Portland, OR: Oregon Historical Society, 1979. ", -"date": "active ca. 1979", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoungsBenjaminSr", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Youngs, Benjamin, Sr.", -"comment": "Rieman, Timothy D. and Jean M. Burks; Complete Book of Shaker Furniture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , Publishers, 1993. Shaker clock maker", -"date": "1736-1818", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YunDuseo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yun, Du-seo", + "comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Yun Du-seo (1668–1715) was a painter and scholar of the Joseon period. He is the grandson of Yun Seondo, a great scholar in Korean history. He passed the gwageo exam, but did not enter government service. Rather, he devoted his whole life to painting and studying Confucianism. His self-portrait is regarded as one of the many masterpieces of Korean art. Yun Duseo is also known for his yeongmohwa (animal-and-bird painting).", + "date": "1668–1715", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoungsFranklin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Youngs, Franklin", -"comment": "Rieman, Timothy D. and Jean M. Burks; Complete Book of Shaker Furniture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , Publishers, 1993. Shaker furniture maker", -"date": "1845-1935", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YunShouping", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yun, Shouping", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y39s44p37 Alternate names: Yün Shou-p'ing, 惲壽平 Qing dynasty (b Wujin, Jiangsu Province, 1633; d 1690). Chinese painter, poet and calligrapher. One of the Six Great Painters of the early Qing dynasty (1644–1911), he is acknowledged as the founder of a school of painting based in the Changzhou region, sometimes referred to as the Yun school. He was the most talented member of a prominent family renowned for its artistic talent. By virtue of his contribution to the genre of flower-and-bird painting, he achieved recognition as an important, innovative master who was an equal of the revered artists of the Song dynasty (960–1299). Though he was not a court painter, his style was designated the orthodox court style of the Qing dynasty (see China, §V, 4(i)(e)). Brought up in a literati environment, Yun studied with his father, Yun Richu, and according to legend, by the age of eight he could recite literature. He followed his father, who had become a monk, and elder brothers to Jianning, Fujian Province, where they joined the Ming loyalists in resisting the Manchurian troops. When the Manchus captured Jianning, Yun Richu escaped, believing that his sons were dead. In fact, one son was killed but Yun Shouping was taken prisoner and adopted into the family of Chen Jin, the conquering general who had no sons. After Chen was assassinated in 1652, Yun accompanied the body home and serendipitously met his father at a monastery. Yun’s adopted mother was persuaded to release him and he returned with his father to their home where, at the age of 20, he began scholarly studies in earnest. Around 1661 he stopped using his original name of Ge and adopted one of his hao, Shouping. Even during his lifetime, the saga of Yun’s life was used as the subject of poetry and plays. Yun Shouping described two ‘roads’ or approaches to flower painting (xieshenq or ‘life-sketching’). There was the outlined flower-and-leaf style with meticulous colouring, after Huang quan, and the style without ink outlines that used only colour, of which he considered Xu Chongsi (10th century) the master. Yun felt the latter style ‘captured the impression of nature’ with an appearance of utmost beauty, unlike a ‘carved’ (laboured) painting (Mingshi, p. 168). Because this style had no structural ink lines, it was called mogu (‘boneless’). Not only did Yun follow this tradition (see fig.), but he also made several substantial contributions to it with innovative techniques for washes, texture dots, the application of pigments and colour harmony. Yun Shouping’s writings are filled wth discussions of the great artists of the past that reveal a tremendous breadth of understanding and appreciation of their work. While most of his writings concern landscape painting, close friends of Yun said he gave up that genre in deference to his friend, the famous landscape artist Wang Hui. Although Yun Shouping did paint landscapes throughout his life, his fame clearly rests upon his superb achievements in the genre of flower-and-bird painting. In a biography translated by Osvald Sirén, Yun was described as a man ‘of an open, generous and refined character. When he met someone who understood him he could work a whole month for the man, but if it were not the right kind of person, he would not let him have a single flower or leaf even for a hundred taels of gold. Consequently, he always remained poor, even though he had been active as a painter for scores of years’ (Sirén, p. 193). Yun’s poverty extended to his grave: his funeral expenses were borne by his friend Wang Hui. --DOA", + "date": "1633 - 1690", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoungsIsaacNewton", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Youngs, Isaac Newton", -"comment": "Sprigg, June; Shaker Design, New York, London: Whitney Museum of American Art, W.W. Norton & Company, 1986. Shaker furniture maker", -"date": "1793-1865", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YungDannyNingTsun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yung, Danny Ning Tsun", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Shanghai, resides in Hong Kong; educated at UC Berkeley, 1967, and Columbia University, NY, 1969.", + "date": "b. 1943", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuBaishu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yu, Baishu", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Cixi, Zhejiang Province; alternate name: 余白墅", -"date": "born 1920", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YusefISultanofGranada", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yusef I, Sultan of Granada", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Nasrid ruler of Granada", + "date": "1333-1354", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuBen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yu, Ben", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YushidoShuncho", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yushido, Shuncho", + "comment": "Hiller, J.; Japanese Colour Prints, Third Edition, Second Impression, London: Phaidon Press Ltd., 1993 (0714827215). suspect, but cannot confirm that he is the same as Katsukawa Shunchō, sometimes called Yushido --JCS", + "date": "ca. 1780-1800", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuFeian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yu, Fei'an", -"comment": "Barnhart, Richard, James Cahill and Wu Hung; Three Thousand Years of Chinese Painting, New Haven; Beijing: Yale University Press; Foreign Languages Press, 1997. Chinese painter, Shandong native; after the Republican period he became a leader in the Chinese Painting Academy and Chinese Painting Research Society", -"date": "1889-1959", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YusufAbuTahir", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yusuf Abu Tahir", + "comment": "Metropolitan Museum of Art; Islamic World, Tokyo: Dai Nippon Printing Co., 1987. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuJi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yu, Ji", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y35j24 Alternate names: Yü Chi, 余集 Qing dynasty From Hangzhou, Jiangsu province. Painted figures, orchids, bamboo, birds, and animals. --Seymour", -"date": "1738 - 1823", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuJianhua", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yu, Jianhua", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YusufbinNaghrallah", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yusuf bin Naghrallah", + "comment": "Archnet; http://archnet.org. ", + "date": "ca. 1052-1056", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuLi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yu, Li", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", -"date": "1862-1922", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YusufFaniErzurumi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yusuf Fani Erzurumi", + "comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. ", + "date": "active 19th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuShading", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yu, Shading", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Ningbo, Zhejing Province; specializes in prints; alternate name: 俞沙丁", -"date": "1923-1966", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZagorskiStanislaw", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zagorski, Stanislaw", + "comment": "Chwast, Seymour and Steven Heller; Art of New York, New York, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1983. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuTim", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yu, Tim", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Hong Kong; studied at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1988.", -"date": "b. 1964", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuYouhan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yu, Youhan", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", -"date": "active 1980s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZangiNuralDin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zangi, Nur al-Din", + "comment": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nur_ad-Din_Zangi. Nur ad-Din Abu al-Qasim Mahmud ibn Imad ad-Din Zangi", + "date": "1118-1174", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuYue", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yu, Yue", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZantzingerandBorie", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zantzinger & Borie", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuZhiding", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yu, Zhiding", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y35z44d36 Alternate names: Yü Chih-ting, 禹之鼎 Qing dynasty The leading figure in early Qing (1644–1911) portrait painting was Yu Zhiding (1647–1709). His rather conservative, finished images of artists and scholars whose characters are illuminated by their surroundings and accoutrements contrast with the more informal self-portrait images of artists such as Daoji and Kuncan, who portrayed themselves as Buddhist monks, eccentrics or reincarnated saints. --DOA", -"date": "1647 - 1705", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuZiming", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yu, Ziming", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y35z27m37 Alternate names: Yü Tze-ming, 於子明 Song dynasty", -"date": "ca. 13th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZdanevichIlia", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zdanevich, Ilia", + "comment": "Blackwell, Lewis; Twentieth-Century Type, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1992. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanHao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yuan, Hao", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "born 1930", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanJai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yuan, Jai", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Chongqing, resides in Taipei; studied National Taiwan Normal University, 1962; University of Louvain, 1966; Institut Royaux du Patrimoine Artistique Bruxelles, 1968.", -"date": "b. 1941", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZeichnungKGärtner", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zeichnung K. Gärtner", + "comment": "Brandenburg, Hugo; Ancient Churches of Rome From the Fourth to the Seventh Century, English edition, Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2005. ", + "date": "active early 21st century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanJiang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yuan, Jiang", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y37j27 Alternate names: Yüan Chiang, 袁江 Qing dynasty From Jiangsu province. Court painter. Painted landscapes, architectural motifs, followed Song masters. Excelled at "ruled line" painting. --Seymour", -"date": "ca. 1723 - 1743", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZekkaiChushin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zekkai, Chushin", + "comment": "Toda, Teisuke and Toshio Ebine; Suibokuga to Chusei Emaki, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. ", + "date": "14th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanLong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yuan, Long", -"comment": "Suzhou Institute of Landscape Architectural Design; Suzhou gardens, Beijing: Zhongguo jian zhu gong ye chu ban she, 1999. designer and builder of gardens during the Guangxu period of the Qing dynasty", -"date": "late 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZemurraySamandSarah", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zemurray, Sam and Sarah", + "comment": "Turner, Suzanne and A.J. Meek; Gardens of Louisiana: Places of Work and Wonder, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997. Louisiana horticulturalists", + "date": "active after 1928", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanQinglu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yuan, Qinglu", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Hebei Province; alternate name: 袁庆禄 ", -"date": "born 1953", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZengFanzhi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zeng, Fanzhi", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Wuhan, Hubei Province; graduated 1991 from the Hubei Academy of Fine Arts", + "date": "b. 1964", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanQingyi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yuan, Qingyi", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter and writer, from Hunan province. ", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZengHao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zeng, Hao", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter, attended the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing.", + "date": "active ca. 1995", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanShangtong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yuan, Shangtong", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y37s35t36 Alternate names: Yüan Shang-t'ung, 袁尚統 Ming dynasty From Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Painted landscapes, figures, followed Song master. --Seymour", -"date": "1570 - after 1661", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZengMi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zeng, Mi", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanTiangeng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yuan, Tiangeng", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanXiaofang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yuan, Xiaofang", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Chinese painter, born in Huangshi, Hubei Province; graduated 1986 from the Hubei Academy of Fine Arts, Wuhan.", -"date": "b. 1961", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZengXi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zeng, Xi", + "comment": "Fong, Wen; Between Two Cultures: Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Chinese Paintings From the Robert H. Ellsworth Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; New Haven: Metropolitan Museum of Art; Yale University Press, 2001. ", + "date": "1861-1930", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanYao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yuan, Yao", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y37y26 Alternate names: Yüan Yao, 袁耀 Qing dynasty From Jiangsu province. Court painter. Nephew of Yuan Jiang. --Seymour", -"date": "ca. 1744 - 1755", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZengYouhe", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zeng, Youhe", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z32y34h27 Alternate names: Tseng Yu-ho, 曾幼荷 Modern period Painter, traditional and modern schools. Born in Beijing. Pupil of Pu Chin and graduate of Furen College of Fine Arts. Professor at the University of Hawaii, Honolulu. --Seymour", + "date": "1923 -", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YuanYunfu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yuan, Yunfu", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese muralist", -"date": "active second half 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZengZhaoxin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zeng, Zhaoxin", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Guangdong Province; alternate name: 曾照欣", + "date": "born 1937", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YueMinjun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yue, Minjun", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Daqing, Heilongjiang Province; graduated 1985 from the Hebei Normal University; lives and works in Beijing.", -"date": "b. 1962", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZeroArtGroup", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zero Art Group", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist group formed during the '85 avant-garde movement.", + "date": "active ca. 1985", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yueshan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yueshan", -"comment": "Realms of Faith, Kaikodo Journal, vol. 2000. Buddhist priest and calligrapher, born Fujian province. Alternate names: Sun Dingzhu (birth name); Daozong (priest name); Etsuzan (Japanese)", -"date": "1629-1709", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZeroDimension", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zero Dimension", + "comment": "Schimmel, Paul. Out of Actions: Between Performance the the Object, 1949-1979. Los Angeles, Calif. : The Museum of Contemporary Art New York : Thames and Hudson, 1998. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yujian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yujian", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y35j26 Alternate names: Yü-chien, 玉澗 Song dynasty (b Jinhua, Wuzhou, Zhejiang Province; fl c. 1250). Chinese painter, calligrapher and priest. He was active in Lin’an (now Hangzhou), Zhejiang Province. At the age of nine he entered Baofeng yuan (Precious Peak monastery), where he took the name Ruofen and trained in Tiantai Buddhism. After his ordination he was appointed scribe (shuji) at Tianzhu si (India temple) in the Bei shan (Northern Mountain) temple complex near Lin’an. Ruofen Yujian has been confused with another monk–painter, Ying Yujian, from Jingci si (Pure Compassion temple), a Chan Buddhist establishment in the Nan shan (Southern Mountain) temple complex, also situated near Lin’an. Both men are listed in Tuhui baojian (‘Precious mirror for examining painting’; preface 1365) by Xia Wenyan, whose account of Ruofen draws substantially on a description of 1351 by the painter Wu Taisu. The identification of Ruofen rather than Ying Yujian with the painter Yujian is due to the existence of this more complete account and its consistency with the kind of paintings attributed to Yujian. Yujian travelled widely and adopted his artist’s name (hao) after his return to Jinhua, where he retired to Yu jian (Jade Torrent), a hermitage he built by a remote mountain stream. He established a reputation for his ‘cloud-mountain’ ( yunshan) landscapes and for his paintings of ancient trees, bamboo and plum-blossom, the last influenced by Yang Buzhi. Only four of his paintings have survived and all are in Japanese collections. In the late 16th century, 15 of Yujian’s scrolls were recorded in Japan, including a handscroll, Eight Views of Xiao and Xiang. During the Muromachi period (1333–1568) the painting was cut into separate scenes, and each was remounted as a separate hanging scroll. Three of these survive: Mountain Village in Clearing Mist (Tokyo, Idemitsu Mus. A.; see China, fig. 111), Returning Sails at a Distant Shore (Nagoya, Tokugawa A. Mus.) and Autumn Moon on Lake Dongting (Matsutarō Yata priv. col.). These show strong similarities to a treatment of the same theme attributed to Muqi. Both artists use spontaneously executed ink washes to suggest the forms of the landscape. Yujian’s fourth extant work, Mount Lu (hanging scroll; Tokyo, Yoshikawa priv. col.), is signed and inscribed with a poem. It depicts the range of peaks that rises abruptly between the Yangzi River and Lake Poyang (Jiangxi Province). Only two of the scroll’s three sections have survived, but a copy of the complete design has been preserved (Tokyo, Idemitsu Mus. A.). Painted on loose-grained silk, Mount Lu is stylistically rough and undefined and must have been executed in part with a tool cruder than a brush, such as a straw reed or sugar-cane fibre. Yujian was an accomplished calligrapher. As a scribe at Tianzhu si, he had to compose and write all important documents dealing with the temple’s internal and external affairs. His writings were gathered into one volume, entitled Yujian shengyu (‘Left-over phrases of Yujian’; untraced). Although praised by Wu Taisu as a master of the ‘Three Perfections’ (sanjue)—poetry, calligraphy and painting—he was neglected by later generations of Chinese critics, who considered his individuality too extreme. Although he had no lasting influence on Chinese painting, he was highly regarded in Japan, where his work played an important role in the development of Japanese monochrome ink painting (suibokuga). --DOA", -"date": "mid 13th century ", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YukicSanjin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yukic, Sanjin", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", -"date": "born 1957", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZeroPlus", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zero Plus", + "comment": "Chueca, Pilar; Sustainable Homes, Barcelona: Links, 2009. Architecture and design studio founded in 1999 by Joshua Brewaart and Lisa Chun and based in Seattle, Washington.", + "date": "active 1999-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YukioTsuboyamaandTsuboyamaOffice", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yukio Tsuboyama &Tsuboyama Office", -"comment": "New Look of Environmental Design For a Sustainable Environment and Society, Tokyo: Orange Book Co., Ltd., 2005. Japanese architectural firm", -"date": "active early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZeunerCharles", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zeuner, Charles", + "comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. ", + "date": "active 1851-1858", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YunBing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yun, Bing", -"comment": "Weidner, Marsha, Ellen Johnston Laing, Irving Yucheng Lo, Christina Chu, and James Robinson; Views from Jade Terrace: Chinese Women Artists 1300-1912, Indianapolis: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 1988 (0847810038). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhanJianjun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhan, Jianjun", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YunDuseo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yun, Du-seo", -"comment": "New History of World Art (Sekai bijutsu daizenshu. Toyo hen) v. 11, Tokyo: Shogakkan, 1997. Yun Du-seo (1668–1715) was a painter and scholar of the Joseon period. He is the grandson of Yun Seondo, a great scholar in Korean history. He passed the gwageo exam, but did not enter government service. Rather, he devoted his whole life to painting and studying Confucianism. His self-portrait is regarded as one of the many masterpieces of Korean art. Yun Duseo is also known for his yeongmohwa (animal-and-bird painting).", -"date": "1668–1715", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YunShouping", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yun, Shouping", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). y39s44p37 Alternate names: Yün Shou-p'ing, 惲壽平 Qing dynasty (b Wujin, Jiangsu Province, 1633; d 1690). Chinese painter, poet and calligrapher. One of the Six Great Painters of the early Qing dynasty (1644–1911), he is acknowledged as the founder of a school of painting based in the Changzhou region, sometimes referred to as the Yun school. He was the most talented member of a prominent family renowned for its artistic talent. By virtue of his contribution to the genre of flower-and-bird painting, he achieved recognition as an important, innovative master who was an equal of the revered artists of the Song dynasty (960–1299). Though he was not a court painter, his style was designated the orthodox court style of the Qing dynasty (see China, §V, 4(i)(e)). Brought up in a literati environment, Yun studied with his father, Yun Richu, and according to legend, by the age of eight he could recite literature. He followed his father, who had become a monk, and elder brothers to Jianning, Fujian Province, where they joined the Ming loyalists in resisting the Manchurian troops. When the Manchus captured Jianning, Yun Richu escaped, believing that his sons were dead. In fact, one son was killed but Yun Shouping was taken prisoner and adopted into the family of Chen Jin, the conquering general who had no sons. After Chen was assassinated in 1652, Yun accompanied the body home and serendipitously met his father at a monastery. Yun’s adopted mother was persuaded to release him and he returned with his father to their home where, at the age of 20, he began scholarly studies in earnest. Around 1661 he stopped using his original name of Ge and adopted one of his hao, Shouping. Even during his lifetime, the saga of Yun’s life was used as the subject of poetry and plays. Yun Shouping described two ‘roads’ or approaches to flower painting (xieshenq or ‘life-sketching’). There was the outlined flower-and-leaf style with meticulous colouring, after Huang quan, and the style without ink outlines that used only colour, of which he considered Xu Chongsi (10th century) the master. Yun felt the latter style ‘captured the impression of nature’ with an appearance of utmost beauty, unlike a ‘carved’ (laboured) painting (Mingshi, p. 168). Because this style had no structural ink lines, it was called mogu (‘boneless’). Not only did Yun follow this tradition (see fig.), but he also made several substantial contributions to it with innovative techniques for washes, texture dots, the application of pigments and colour harmony. Yun Shouping’s writings are filled wth discussions of the great artists of the past that reveal a tremendous breadth of understanding and appreciation of their work. While most of his writings concern landscape painting, close friends of Yun said he gave up that genre in deference to his friend, the famous landscape artist Wang Hui. Although Yun Shouping did paint landscapes throughout his life, his fame clearly rests upon his superb achievements in the genre of flower-and-bird painting. In a biography translated by Osvald Sirén, Yun was described as a man ‘of an open, generous and refined character. When he met someone who understood him he could work a whole month for the man, but if it were not the right kind of person, he would not let him have a single flower or leaf even for a hundred taels of gold. Consequently, he always remained poor, even though he had been active as a painter for scores of years’ (Sirén, p. 193). Yun’s poverty extended to his grave: his funeral expenses were borne by his friend Wang Hui. --DOA", -"date": "1633 - 1690", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhanLuqi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhan, Luqi", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YungDannyNingTsun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yung, Danny Ning Tsun", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Shanghai, resides in Hong Kong; educated at UC Berkeley, 1967, and Columbia University, NY, 1969.", -"date": "b. 1943", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YusefISultanofGranada", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yusef I, Sultan of Granada", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Nasrid ruler of Granada", -"date": "1333-1354", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhanWang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhan, Wang", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Beijing; graduated 1988 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing.", + "date": "b. 1962", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YushidoShuncho", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yushido, Shuncho", -"comment": "Hiller, J.; Japanese Colour Prints, Third Edition, Second Impression, London: Phaidon Press Ltd., 1993 (0714827215). suspect, but cannot confirm that he is the same as Katsukawa Shunchō, sometimes called Yushido --JCS", -"date": "ca. 1780-1800", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangBaibo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Baibo", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Shandong, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 张白波", + "date": "born 1944", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YusufAbuTahir", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yusuf Abu Tahir", -"comment": "Metropolitan Museum of Art; Islamic World, Tokyo: Dai Nippon Printing Co., 1987. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangChenglong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Chenglong", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36c36l43 Alternate names: Chang Ch'eng-lung, 張成龍 Ming dynasty From Hunan province. Painted landscapes and figures. --Seymour ", + "date": "first half 17th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YusufbinNaghrallah", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yusuf bin Naghrallah", -"comment": "Archnet; http://archnet.org. ", -"date": "ca. 1052-1056", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangDaqian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Daqian", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36d22q24 Alternate names: Chang Ta-ch'ien, 張大千 Modern (b Neijiang, Sichuan Province, 10 May 1899; d Taipei, 2 April 1983). Chinese painter, calligrapher, collector and forger. From an artistic family, he began to paint under the tutelage of his mother, Ceng Yi, and did his first paid painting for the local fortune-teller when he was 12 years old. Zhang’s elder sister gave him his first lessons in the classics. At 15 he embarked on three years of schooling at the Qiujing Academy in Chongqing. In 1917 he went to Kyoto in Japan to join his elder brother Zhang Shanzi (1882–1940). Here, Daqian learnt the art of textile painting, and the brothers collaborated in painting tigers: Shanzi painted the animals and Daqian the surroundings. Shanzi kept a pet tiger in the house, using it as his artistic model. In 1919 Zhang returned to China, where he continued his studies in Shanghai with the scholar Ceng Xi. He also studied with the artist Li Ruiqing (1867–1920) and was exposed to Li’s calligraphy in seal script (zhuanshu), based on models of the Zhou to Wei periods (c. 1050 bc– ad 265), as well as running script (xingshu) and regular script (kaishu). Although Zhang was not primarily a calligrapher, he developed his own personal style: his characters are intentionally splayed and awkward and elements within a character lean in unexpected directions. During his time in Shanghai, Zhang entered a Buddhist temple in Songjiang and only then received the name Daqian. However, after three months he left monastic life and went home to Sichuan Province, where he was married. Zhang remained in Sichuan until the death of his father in 1925. During this period he concentrated on the painters Zhu Da and Daoji, discovering a particular affinity with the latter. He was able to imitate these painters so effectively that he could add forged seals and signatures to paintings and fool experienced connoisseurs. Such imitative paintings by Zhang may still be circulating unacknowledged among art collectors, and there is no doubt that various major museums own Chinese ‘old masters’ that were, in fact, painted by Zhang. Other artists whom Zhang copied range from the 10th-century Dong Yuan and Juran to the 13th- and 14th-century artists Ni Zan and Huang Gongwang. In 1929 Zhang joined the selection committee for the first National Exhibition of Fine Arts in Nanjing and two years later, with his brother Shanzi, accompanied an exhibition of early Chinese paintings to Tokyo. In 1933 he exhibited his works abroad for the first time at the Musée du Jeu de Paume in Paris and attracted the notice of foreign critics. The following year he exhibited in China at Beiping (Beijing) and Nanjing. By 1936 he was teaching at the National Central University in Nanjing under the painter Xu Beihong. In 1940 Zhang organized a group to travel to Dunhuang in Gansu Province and copy the Buddhist wall paintings. In two and a half years they completed over 200 paintings, which were exhibited in 1944 in Chengdu and Chongqing. Consequently, religious motifs executed in fine outline and filled with coloured wash became a staple of Zhang’s painting. By this time, Zhang had begun to work with the theme of the lotus. He painted lotuses from every angle, at every stage of growth, in formats ranging from small to monumental. His lotus paintings frequently feature expanses of pitch-black ink wash, which contrast starkly with the white paper beneath, and flashes of brilliant colour swirling to the surface at a point of focus (see fig.). The running colours of his lotus paintings perhaps inspired his distinctive imaginative landscapes. In these, bold panels of ink are laid on a wet page and spread to form natural patterns; sometimes a brilliant turquoise and inky black are juxtaposed, and sometimes an intense colour merges with the naked page. Blank spaces become waterfalls or rising clouds, the outlines of roofs suggest peaks, or a bridge over a curved space intimates a path. As simple washes these paintings would be considered abstract, but by adding a few strokes Zhang placed them in the tradition of Chinese landscape painting. In 1945 Zhang exhibited his works in Chengdu and was included in a UNESCO show of contemporary art that travelled to Paris, London, Prague and Geneva. From then on he exhibited every year, frequently abroad. From 1950 to 1952 he and his family visited India, where he studied the Ajanta cave paintings. In 1952 he moved to Argentina, and two years later to Brazil. Always unconventional, with his archaic Chinese dress and old-fashioned wispy beard, wherever he travelled he was accompanied by a retinue of exotic beasts and a gourmet chef, and wherever he settled he built a Chinese garden. By 1960 Zhang’s works were well known in Paris and had travelled to most other European capitals. In the 1960s he began to exhibit more frequently in Hong Kong and had the first of many exhibitions in Southeast Asia. In 1967 he had his first of many shows at the National Museum of History in Taipei. By 1980 he had re-established contact with mainland China, although no exhibitions of his works were held there until after his death. --DOA", + "date": "1899 - 1983", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YusufFaniErzurumi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Yusuf Fani Erzurumi", -"comment": "Safwat, Nabil F.; Art of the Pen: Calligraphy of the 14th to 20th Centuries, New York: Nour Foundation, 1996. ", -"date": "active 19th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangDianyu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Dianyu", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Fenghua, Zhejiang Province; member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 张奠宇 ", + "date": "born 1929", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZagorskiStanislaw", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zagorski, Stanislaw", -"comment": "Chwast, Seymour and Steven Heller; Art of New York, New York, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1983. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangDunli", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Dunli", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36d45l32 Alternate names: Chang Tun-li (Chang Hsün-li; Zhang Xunli), 張敦禮 Song dynasty A native of Bianliang (modern Kaifeng), Henan Province, and son-in-law of the Northern Song (960–1127) emperor Zhezong (reg 1086–1100)...specialized in a Six Dynasties (ad 222–589) style of figure painting. --DOA", + "date": "active ca. 1190-1194", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZangiNuralDin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zangi, Nur al-Din", -"comment": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nur_ad-Din_Zangi. Nur ad-Din Abu al-Qasim Mahmud ibn Imad ad-Din Zangi", -"date": "1118-1174", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangFangru", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Fangru", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36f24r33 Alternate names: Chang Fang-ju, 張芳汝 Yuan dynasty, unrecorded Painted landscapes and figures. --Seymour", + "date": "Yuan dynasty", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZantzingerandBorie", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zantzinger & Borie", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangFangxia", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Fangxia", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Chang Fang-hsia ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZdanevichIlia", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zdanevich, Ilia", -"comment": "Blackwell, Lewis; Twentieth-Century Type, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1992. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangFeng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Feng", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36f27 Alternate names: Chang Feng, 張風 Qing dynasty (b Shangyuan, Shengzhou (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province); fl c. 1645–62). Chinese painter, poet, seal-carver and government official. Like many of his literati colleagues, he remained loyal to the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) after it had been overthrown by the Manchus and withdrew from office to live as a Buddhist recluse. He led a life of relative poverty, occasionally enjoying the patronage of the nobility, which allowed him to pursue a variety of scholarly activities. In his paintings he concentrated on landscapes, flowers and figures. A contemporary of the Eight Masters of Nanjing (see Nanjing school), Zhang remained an independent artist in the cultured milieu of the south. Initially, he was influenced by the painters of the Yuan period (1279–1368), notably Huang Gongwang and Ni Zan, and emulated their subjective expressionism and daring brushwork, as for example in Figure between Rocks and a Twisted Tree (1648; Hong Kong, Chin. U.). Around 1650 Zhang travelled to Beijing to visit the temples of the north. After he returned to Nanjing his main sources of inspiration became such painters of the Northern Song period (960–1127) as Li Tang. Zhang based his landscapes on the monumentalism of the Song painters, especially as they were interpreted by Tang Yin during the late 15th century and early 16th, and he developed a descriptive style that was massive and crammed with detail, as in Listening to the Sound of Autumn in a Misty Grove (1657; Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.). Zhang often appended the six characters ‘Zhen xiang Fo kong si hai’ (‘To the true incense Buddha all is emptiness within the four oceans’) to his works, of which about 20 have been preserved. --DOA", + "date": "ca. 1645 - 1674", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZeichnungKGärtner", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zeichnung K. Gärtner", -"comment": "Brandenburg, Hugo; Ancient Churches of Rome From the Fourth to the Seventh Century, English edition, Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2005. ", -"date": "active early 21st century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangFu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Fu", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36f32 Alternate names: Chang Fu, 張復(復陽) Ming dynasty From Zhejiang province. Painted Daoist subjects and landscapes in the style of Wu Chen. --Seymour", + "date": "1403 - 1490", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZekkaiChushin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zekkai, Chushin", -"comment": "Toda, Teisuke and Toshio Ebine; Suibokuga to Chusei Emaki, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. ", -"date": "14th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangHerong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Herong", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZemurraySamandSarah", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zemurray, Sam and Sarah", -"comment": "Turner, Suzanne and A.J. Meek; Gardens of Louisiana: Places of Work and Wonder, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997. Louisiana horticulturalists", -"date": "active after 1928", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangHong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Hong", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36h33 Alternate names: Chang Hung, 張宏 Ming dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 1577; d ca. 1652). Chinese painter. Zhang was an educated man who attempted the official examinations but failed as a scholar and painted to support himself and his large family. He was a prolific and versatile painter who is best known for landscapes but also did figure compositions and animals, especially water buffalo. Many of his landscape paintings are topographical in character, depicting actual places; for instance, he travelled in eastern Zhejiang Province during spring 1639 and on his return painted an album of views of the region. In contrast to other Suzhou artists, Zhang did not use established compositional conventions and type-forms or the manner of some earlier master; instead he portrayed the scenes more as they appeared, adapting his representational means flexibly to the appearance of the scenery. This approach was not typical of his time, and his images were labelled strange and unusual. One of Zhang Hong’s earliest paintings, Landscape of Shixie Hill (1613; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), depicts a hill in northern Zhejiang. He painted the scene for his elder brother, basing the image on a composition commonly used by painters of the Suzhou-based Wu school. Zhang departed from convention, however, in the way he depicted mountains and their vegetation together as a coherent unit, showing trees receding convincingly in space and rendering bamboo groves in a naturalistic manner. It was more common for Chinese painters of the time to depict vegetation and rocks as separate entities appearing to rest upon, rather than grow or jut from, the earth masses. Two works of the 1620s show a different character: Night Ascent of Huazi Hill (handscroll, 1625; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) and an album, Zhi Garden (1627; dispersed). Night Ascent shows the 8th-century poet Wang Wei walking in the mountains on a winter night near his villa south of the capital Chang’an (now Xi’an, Shaanxi Province). The image is unique in Chinese painting: it shows a long ridge, beginning in the foreground, which winds gently upward to a vantage point upon which Wang Wei and two servants stand admiring the moon. The ease with which the viewer can follow the path to the top, the foreshortening of the hill, the seemingly natural way in which trees obscure houses and the evocative depiction of mist that blurs distinctions between one form and another combine to create a painterly effect quite different from the additive, analytical method of typical Chinese landscape painting. The Zhi Garden album, consisting of 20 leaves, is a systematic visual exploration of a garden in Suzhou. The first leaf, Whole View of the Zhi Garden (ink and colours on paper; Muzzano, priv. col., see Cahill, Distant Mountains, pl. 4), presents an elevated view of the whole site, complete with waterways, pavilions and garden walls. Subsequent leaves show scenes of the approach and interior of the garden, such that the viewer seems to move progressively through the setting. Garden paintings were a speciality of some Suzhou masters; bird’s-eye views and albums of selected garden scenes were also common (see also Garden, §VI, 1). Zhang Hong’s approach was unprecedented in that he successfully combined an analytical view of the component parts of the garden in the individual leaves with a synthesis of all the parts in Whole View. In the first leaf he suggests a consistent ground plane, a reasonably consistent angle of view and houses and trees that become smaller and less distinct as they near a gently curving horizon. The source for this apparently radical conception probably lies in European townscape prints, such as Georg Braun and Franz Hogenberg’s Civitatis urbis terrarum (1572–1617), a six-volume atlas of views and plans, which were introduced into Suzhou and Nanjing in the late Ming period by the Jesuits. Wind in the Pines at Mt Gouqu (1650; Boston, MA, Mus. F.A., see fig.) is a fine example of Zhang Hong’s later work. His departure from traditional Chinese landscape conventions is even more pronounced here than in Landscape of Shixie Hill, which still relied to some extent on a restructuring of the terrain. Distant land forms that would have been impossible to see from a single viewpoint were brought into the composition by placing them above the nearer hills. In Mt Gouqu Zhang relied less on such reorganization and produced an image that is consistent with the actual experience of viewing a landscape; he also used light washes of green and red–brown in addition to ink to approximate the soft hues, highlights and shaded hollows of verdant hills. Such techniques were discernible in the works of the 13th-century painter Xia Gui and early Ming period (1368–1644) artist Tang Yin, but, in contrast, Zhang reworked their methods in this painting in an emphatically naturalistic way. Despite Zhang’s innovations, Chinese critics seldom rated him above the miaopin (third, ‘marvellous class’) or neng pin (lowest, ‘capable class’) of painter as defined in the 9th century. This was because Zhang possessed few of the commendable traits, such as disciplined brushwork, adherence to Yuan period (1279–1368) models or standard compositional structures admired by the orthodox literati of the time. Much of his work was dismissed by his contemporaries as vulgar and popularist, but modern critics admire his innovative and naturalistic manner. --DOA", + "date": "1577 - ca. 1652", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZengFanzhi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zeng, Fanzhi", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Wuhan, Hubei Province; graduated 1991 from the Hubei Academy of Fine Arts", -"date": "b. 1964", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangHongzhan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Hongzhan", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Dalian, Liaoning Province; graduated from the Luxun Academy of Fine Arts, Shenyang.", + "date": "b. 1942", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZengHao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zeng, Hao", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter, attended the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing.", -"date": "active ca. 1995", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangHuang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Huang", + "comment": "Clunas, Craig; Empire of Great Brightness: Visual and Material Cultures of Ming China, 1368-1644, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2007. ", + "date": "1527-1608", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZengMi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zeng, Mi", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangJianjun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Jianjun", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", + "date": "active ca. 1980s", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZengXi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zeng, Xi", -"comment": "Fong, Wen; Between Two Cultures: Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Chinese Paintings From the Robert H. Ellsworth Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; New Haven: Metropolitan Museum of Art; Yale University Press, 2001. ", -"date": "1861-1930", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangJianwen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Jianwen", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Mengxian, Henan Province; specializes in woodcut; alternate name: 张建文", + "date": "born 1921", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZengYouhe", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zeng, Youhe", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z32y34h27 Alternate names: Tseng Yu-ho, 曾幼荷 Modern period Painter, traditional and modern schools. Born in Beijing. Pupil of Pu Chin and graduate of Furen College of Fine Arts. Professor at the University of Hawaii, Honolulu. --Seymour", -"date": "1923 -", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangKeduan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Keduan", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist and sculptor, born in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, graduated 1985 from Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou.", + "date": "b. 1960", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZengZhaoxin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zeng, Zhaoxin", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Guangdong Province; alternate name: 曾照欣", -"date": "born 1937", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangLin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Lin", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Chang Lin", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZeroArtGroup", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zero Art Group", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist group formed during the '85 avant-garde movement.", -"date": "active ca. 1985", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangLing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Ling", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36l39 Alternate names: Chang Ling, 張靈 Ming dynasty From Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Neighbor and friend of Tang Yin. Painted figures, landscapes, flowers, and birds. --Seymour", + "date": "active ca. 1510", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZeroDimension", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zero Dimension", -"comment": "Schimmel, Paul. Out of Actions: Between Performance the the Object, 1949-1979. Los Angeles, Calif. : The Museum of Contemporary Art New York : Thames and Hudson, 1998. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangLu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Lu", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36l45 Alternate names: Chang Lu, 張路 Ming dynasty (b Bianliang (now Kaifeng), Henan Province, 1464; d 1538). Chinese painter. A member of a wealthy family, he was acquainted with the works of Dai Jin and Wu Wei and, despite his northern origins, is recognized as a follower of the Zhe school. His paintings were highly appreciated in his own time, especially in the north, according to Wang Shizhen, who described him as a follower of Wu Wei excelling in ‘firmness and muscular strength’ but lacking some of Wu’s ‘refinement and freedom’. A biography by Zhang’s friend Zhu Ankan included some of Zhang’s own comments on painting. He believed there were few true connoisseurs of art, past or present, because so few people knew how to paint, and it was not possible for such people, even those of the greatest natural genius, to understand anything about painting. Even less likely was it that people who did not know how to paint could appreciate or even apprehend the strength or weakness of brushwork or the clearness or muddiness of ink-wash tonalities. According to Zhu, Zhang painted from nature, contemplating and searching for a true understanding before beginning to paint, then using his brush ‘as Heaven created all things, without stopping from beginning to end’ (Barnhart, pp. 372–3). By the end of the Ming period (1368–1644), however, other critics vilified Zhang’s work; He Liangjun (1506–73), for example, wrote of Jiang Song and Wang Zhi of Nanjing and Zhang Lu of the north that he would be ashamed to wipe his table with their paintings. A number of paintings by Zhang exist in collections in China and elsewhere; other works not yet identified may prove to be his. Generally large and executed in ink and ink wash on silk, they show a sure use of colour as well. Two Women Looking at Paintings (Princeton U., NJ, A. Mus.), unsigned but here attributed to Zhang, shows a mastery of figure painting on a large scale in a landscape setting. The magnificent Eagle Stooping on a Hare in Winter, signed Pingshan (Nanjing, Jiangsu Prov. Mus.), shows Zhang’s skill in transforming a Song-period (960–1279) subject into his favourite ink-wash idiom. --DOA", + "date": "ca. 1464 - ca.1538", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZeroPlus", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zero Plus", -"comment": "Chueca, Pilar; Sustainable Homes, Barcelona: Links, 2009. Architecture and design studio founded in 1999 by Joshua Brewaart and Lisa Chun and based in Seattle, Washington.", -"date": "active 1999-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangMao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Mao", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36m26 Alternate names: Chang Mao, 張茂 Song dynasty From Hangzhou, Zhejiang province. Member of Academy of Painting. Painted landscapes, birds, and flowers. --Seymour", + "date": "active ca. 1190 - 1204", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZeunerCharles", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zeuner, Charles", -"comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. ", -"date": "active 1851-1858", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangMingqi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Mingqi", + "comment": "He, Li and Michael Knight; Power and Glory: Court Arts of China's Ming Dynasty, San Francisco: Asian Art Museum, 2008. A native of Jiaxing, Zhejiang province, he was recognized by his contemporaries as one of the Four Distinguished Craftsmen for his skills in making hand warmers and incense burners.", + "date": "ca. 1580-1630", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhanJianjun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhan, Jianjun", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangMinjie", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Minjie", + "comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. ", + "date": "born 1959", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhanLuqi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhan, Luqi", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangNian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Nian", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", + "date": "b. 1964", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhanWang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhan, Wang", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Beijing; graduated 1988 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing.", -"date": "b. 1962", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangPeili", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Peili", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province; educated at the Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts.", + "date": "b. 1957", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangBaibo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Baibo", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Shandong, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 张白波", -"date": "born 1944", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangPing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Ping", + "comment": "Laing, Ellen Johnston; Winking Owl: Art from the People's Republic of China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988 (0520060970). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangChenglong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Chenglong", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36c36l43 Alternate names: Chang Ch'eng-lung, 張成龍 Ming dynasty From Hunan province. Painted landscapes and figures. --Seymour ", -"date": "first half 17th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangDaqian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Daqian", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36d22q24 Alternate names: Chang Ta-ch'ien, 張大千 Modern (b Neijiang, Sichuan Province, 10 May 1899; d Taipei, 2 April 1983). Chinese painter, calligrapher, collector and forger. From an artistic family, he began to paint under the tutelage of his mother, Ceng Yi, and did his first paid painting for the local fortune-teller when he was 12 years old. Zhang’s elder sister gave him his first lessons in the classics. At 15 he embarked on three years of schooling at the Qiujing Academy in Chongqing. In 1917 he went to Kyoto in Japan to join his elder brother Zhang Shanzi (1882–1940). Here, Daqian learnt the art of textile painting, and the brothers collaborated in painting tigers: Shanzi painted the animals and Daqian the surroundings. Shanzi kept a pet tiger in the house, using it as his artistic model. In 1919 Zhang returned to China, where he continued his studies in Shanghai with the scholar Ceng Xi. He also studied with the artist Li Ruiqing (1867–1920) and was exposed to Li’s calligraphy in seal script (zhuanshu), based on models of the Zhou to Wei periods (c. 1050 bc– ad 265), as well as running script (xingshu) and regular script (kaishu). Although Zhang was not primarily a calligrapher, he developed his own personal style: his characters are intentionally splayed and awkward and elements within a character lean in unexpected directions. During his time in Shanghai, Zhang entered a Buddhist temple in Songjiang and only then received the name Daqian. However, after three months he left monastic life and went home to Sichuan Province, where he was married. Zhang remained in Sichuan until the death of his father in 1925. During this period he concentrated on the painters Zhu Da and Daoji, discovering a particular affinity with the latter. He was able to imitate these painters so effectively that he could add forged seals and signatures to paintings and fool experienced connoisseurs. Such imitative paintings by Zhang may still be circulating unacknowledged among art collectors, and there is no doubt that various major museums own Chinese ‘old masters’ that were, in fact, painted by Zhang. Other artists whom Zhang copied range from the 10th-century Dong Yuan and Juran to the 13th- and 14th-century artists Ni Zan and Huang Gongwang. In 1929 Zhang joined the selection committee for the first National Exhibition of Fine Arts in Nanjing and two years later, with his brother Shanzi, accompanied an exhibition of early Chinese paintings to Tokyo. In 1933 he exhibited his works abroad for the first time at the Musée du Jeu de Paume in Paris and attracted the notice of foreign critics. The following year he exhibited in China at Beiping (Beijing) and Nanjing. By 1936 he was teaching at the National Central University in Nanjing under the painter Xu Beihong. In 1940 Zhang organized a group to travel to Dunhuang in Gansu Province and copy the Buddhist wall paintings. In two and a half years they completed over 200 paintings, which were exhibited in 1944 in Chengdu and Chongqing. Consequently, religious motifs executed in fine outline and filled with coloured wash became a staple of Zhang’s painting. By this time, Zhang had begun to work with the theme of the lotus. He painted lotuses from every angle, at every stage of growth, in formats ranging from small to monumental. His lotus paintings frequently feature expanses of pitch-black ink wash, which contrast starkly with the white paper beneath, and flashes of brilliant colour swirling to the surface at a point of focus (see fig.). The running colours of his lotus paintings perhaps inspired his distinctive imaginative landscapes. In these, bold panels of ink are laid on a wet page and spread to form natural patterns; sometimes a brilliant turquoise and inky black are juxtaposed, and sometimes an intense colour merges with the naked page. Blank spaces become waterfalls or rising clouds, the outlines of roofs suggest peaks, or a bridge over a curved space intimates a path. As simple washes these paintings would be considered abstract, but by adding a few strokes Zhang placed them in the tradition of Chinese landscape painting. In 1945 Zhang exhibited his works in Chengdu and was included in a UNESCO show of contemporary art that travelled to Paris, London, Prague and Geneva. From then on he exhibited every year, frequently abroad. From 1950 to 1952 he and his family visited India, where he studied the Ajanta cave paintings. In 1952 he moved to Argentina, and two years later to Brazil. Always unconventional, with his archaic Chinese dress and old-fashioned wispy beard, wherever he travelled he was accompanied by a retinue of exotic beasts and a gourmet chef, and wherever he settled he built a Chinese garden. By 1960 Zhang’s works were well known in Paris and had travelled to most other European capitals. In the 1960s he began to exhibit more frequently in Hong Kong and had the first of many exhibitions in Southeast Asia. In 1967 he had his first of many shows at the National Museum of History in Taipei. By 1980 he had re-established contact with mainland China, although no exhibitions of his works were held there until after his death. --DOA", -"date": "1899 - 1983", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangQun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Qun", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangDianyu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Dianyu", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Fenghua, Zhejiang Province; member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 张奠宇 ", -"date": "born 1929", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangRiyao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Riyao", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese postal designer", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangDunli", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Dunli", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36d45l32 Alternate names: Chang Tun-li (Chang Hsün-li; Zhang Xunli), 張敦禮 Song dynasty A native of Bianliang (modern Kaifeng), Henan Province, and son-in-law of the Northern Song (960–1127) emperor Zhezong (reg 1086–1100)...specialized in a Six Dynasties (ad 222–589) style of figure painting. --DOA", -"date": "active ca. 1190-1194", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangRuitu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Ruitu", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36r35t38 Alternate names: Chang Jui-t'u, 張瑞圖 Ming dynasty (b Jinjiang District, Fujian Province, 1570; d April/May ?1641). Chinese calligrapher, painter and poet. He received his jinshi degree in 1607, eventually becoming Grand Secretary in 1626. In 1629 Zhang was implicated in the crimes of the corrupt eunuch Wei Zhongxian, and was stripped of his ranks and sent home a commoner. This has affected his standing as an artist, for despite a manifest talent, he was either ignored or vilified by Chinese art historians. Research in the 20th century has absolved him of collusion, however, and his artistic standing has been restored. Although little appreciated at home, Zhang was recognized during his lifetime by the Japanese, owing to the particular relationship of the Japanese at that time with the province of Fujian, where Zhang retired. Chinese Chan (Jap. Zen) Buddhist monks from Mt Huangbi (Jap. Ōbaku), Fujian, were exporting their sect to Japan and training monks to be sent there. Zhang had by this time become a Chan Buddhist, as one of his seals and his writings attest. There are large numbers of Zhang’s works in Japanese collections, thanks partly to the presence of his daughter in Osaka and partly to the monks, who imported his calligraphy. Zhang is usually classified as one of the four masters of late Ming (1368–1644) calligraphy, with Xing Tong (1551–1612), Mi Wanzhong (1570–1628) and Dong Qichang. Most of his writing is in running script (xingshu), cursive script (caoshu) and small regular script (xiao kaishu). The models he followed in early years were Wang Xizhi, Sun Guoting and Su Shi; Dong Qichang was another influence. His large calligraphy is closer to his more eccentric juniors Wang Duo (1592–1652) and Fu Shan. Wang and Fu based their exaggerations on specific Western Jin-period (ad 265–316) sources, however; Zhang’s style emerged from his own imagination. In a poem by Li Bai (ad ?701–62) in linked cursive script (see 1977 exh. cat., no. 62), Zhang wields a slanted brush to produce simple, taut, unadorned and angular lines, closely and continuously woven in the columns but separated by wide spaces. Pressure within a character is generally uniform; contrast is produced between words lightly and thinly brushed and those more heavily written. Followed on the left by the sensitive lines of his signature, the whole produces an impression of stability and finesse. Zhang was also a competent landscapist. Biographers mention Huang Gongwang as his model; the paintings themselves are in typical late Ming literati style clearly influenced by Dong Qichang. He was an able poet, particularly fond of Tao Yuanming (ad 365–427) and Bai Juyi (ad 772–846), and much of his calligraphy is his own poetry. --DOA", + "date": "ca. 1659 - after 1644", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangFangru", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Fangru", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36f24r33 Alternate names: Chang Fang-ju, 張芳汝 Yuan dynasty, unrecorded Painted landscapes and figures. --Seymour", -"date": "Yuan dynasty", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangRuji", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Ruji", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangFangxia", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Fangxia", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Chang Fang-hsia ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangSengyou", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Sengyou", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36s29y34 Alternate names: Chang Seng-yu, 張僧繇 6 Dyn.", + "date": "ca. 500 - 550", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangFeng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Feng", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36f27 Alternate names: Chang Feng, 張風 Qing dynasty (b Shangyuan, Shengzhou (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province); fl c. 1645–62). Chinese painter, poet, seal-carver and government official. Like many of his literati colleagues, he remained loyal to the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) after it had been overthrown by the Manchus and withdrew from office to live as a Buddhist recluse. He led a life of relative poverty, occasionally enjoying the patronage of the nobility, which allowed him to pursue a variety of scholarly activities. In his paintings he concentrated on landscapes, flowers and figures. A contemporary of the Eight Masters of Nanjing (see Nanjing school), Zhang remained an independent artist in the cultured milieu of the south. Initially, he was influenced by the painters of the Yuan period (1279–1368), notably Huang Gongwang and Ni Zan, and emulated their subjective expressionism and daring brushwork, as for example in Figure between Rocks and a Twisted Tree (1648; Hong Kong, Chin. U.). Around 1650 Zhang travelled to Beijing to visit the temples of the north. After he returned to Nanjing his main sources of inspiration became such painters of the Northern Song period (960–1127) as Li Tang. Zhang based his landscapes on the monumentalism of the Song painters, especially as they were interpreted by Tang Yin during the late 15th century and early 16th, and he developed a descriptive style that was massive and crammed with detail, as in Listening to the Sound of Autumn in a Misty Grove (1657; Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.). Zhang often appended the six characters ‘Zhen xiang Fo kong si hai’ (‘To the true incense Buddha all is emptiness within the four oceans’) to his works, of which about 20 have been preserved. --DOA", -"date": "ca. 1645 - 1674", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangShengwen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Shengwen", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36s42w27 Alternate names: Chang Sheng-wen, 張勝溫 Song dynasty Another important Buddhist handscroll comes from Dali, in Yunnan. Showing the entire (?local) pantheon and dated 1178, this long handscroll (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) was painted on paper with faint colours by Zhang Shengwen (fl 12th century) in a style close to that of Li Gonglin. The brushwork is highly controlled, and the painting has a dense, linear organization with great attention to detail. The greatest value of this scroll lies in its iconography, which is partly dominated by esoteric Buddhist images and local historical figures, many of whom have not been identified. --DOA", + "date": "early 13th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangFu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Fu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36f32 Alternate names: Chang Fu, 張復(復陽) Ming dynasty From Zhejiang province. Painted Daoist subjects and landscapes in the style of Wu Chen. --Seymour", -"date": "1403 - 1490", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangSijiao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Sijiao", + "comment": "Vinograd, Richard; Boundaries of the Self: Chinese Portraits, 1600-1900, New York; Victoria, Australia: Press Syndicate of the Cambridge University Press, 1992. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangHerong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Herong", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangHong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Hong", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36h33 Alternate names: Chang Hung, 張宏 Ming dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 1577; d ca. 1652). Chinese painter. Zhang was an educated man who attempted the official examinations but failed as a scholar and painted to support himself and his large family. He was a prolific and versatile painter who is best known for landscapes but also did figure compositions and animals, especially water buffalo. Many of his landscape paintings are topographical in character, depicting actual places; for instance, he travelled in eastern Zhejiang Province during spring 1639 and on his return painted an album of views of the region. In contrast to other Suzhou artists, Zhang did not use established compositional conventions and type-forms or the manner of some earlier master; instead he portrayed the scenes more as they appeared, adapting his representational means flexibly to the appearance of the scenery. This approach was not typical of his time, and his images were labelled strange and unusual. One of Zhang Hong’s earliest paintings, Landscape of Shixie Hill (1613; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), depicts a hill in northern Zhejiang. He painted the scene for his elder brother, basing the image on a composition commonly used by painters of the Suzhou-based Wu school. Zhang departed from convention, however, in the way he depicted mountains and their vegetation together as a coherent unit, showing trees receding convincingly in space and rendering bamboo groves in a naturalistic manner. It was more common for Chinese painters of the time to depict vegetation and rocks as separate entities appearing to rest upon, rather than grow or jut from, the earth masses. Two works of the 1620s show a different character: Night Ascent of Huazi Hill (handscroll, 1625; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) and an album, Zhi Garden (1627; dispersed). Night Ascent shows the 8th-century poet Wang Wei walking in the mountains on a winter night near his villa south of the capital Chang’an (now Xi’an, Shaanxi Province). The image is unique in Chinese painting: it shows a long ridge, beginning in the foreground, which winds gently upward to a vantage point upon which Wang Wei and two servants stand admiring the moon. The ease with which the viewer can follow the path to the top, the foreshortening of the hill, the seemingly natural way in which trees obscure houses and the evocative depiction of mist that blurs distinctions between one form and another combine to create a painterly effect quite different from the additive, analytical method of typical Chinese landscape painting. The Zhi Garden album, consisting of 20 leaves, is a systematic visual exploration of a garden in Suzhou. The first leaf, Whole View of the Zhi Garden (ink and colours on paper; Muzzano, priv. col., see Cahill, Distant Mountains, pl. 4), presents an elevated view of the whole site, complete with waterways, pavilions and garden walls. Subsequent leaves show scenes of the approach and interior of the garden, such that the viewer seems to move progressively through the setting. Garden paintings were a speciality of some Suzhou masters; bird’s-eye views and albums of selected garden scenes were also common (see also Garden, §VI, 1). Zhang Hong’s approach was unprecedented in that he successfully combined an analytical view of the component parts of the garden in the individual leaves with a synthesis of all the parts in Whole View. In the first leaf he suggests a consistent ground plane, a reasonably consistent angle of view and houses and trees that become smaller and less distinct as they near a gently curving horizon. The source for this apparently radical conception probably lies in European townscape prints, such as Georg Braun and Franz Hogenberg’s Civitatis urbis terrarum (1572–1617), a six-volume atlas of views and plans, which were introduced into Suzhou and Nanjing in the late Ming period by the Jesuits. Wind in the Pines at Mt Gouqu (1650; Boston, MA, Mus. F.A., see fig.) is a fine example of Zhang Hong’s later work. His departure from traditional Chinese landscape conventions is even more pronounced here than in Landscape of Shixie Hill, which still relied to some extent on a restructuring of the terrain. Distant land forms that would have been impossible to see from a single viewpoint were brought into the composition by placing them above the nearer hills. In Mt Gouqu Zhang relied less on such reorganization and produced an image that is consistent with the actual experience of viewing a landscape; he also used light washes of green and red–brown in addition to ink to approximate the soft hues, highlights and shaded hollows of verdant hills. Such techniques were discernible in the works of the 13th-century painter Xia Gui and early Ming period (1368–1644) artist Tang Yin, but, in contrast, Zhang reworked their methods in this painting in an emphatically naturalistic way. Despite Zhang’s innovations, Chinese critics seldom rated him above the miaopin (third, ‘marvellous class’) or neng pin (lowest, ‘capable class’) of painter as defined in the 9th century. This was because Zhang possessed few of the commendable traits, such as disciplined brushwork, adherence to Yuan period (1279–1368) models or standard compositional structures admired by the orthodox literati of the time. Much of his work was dismissed by his contemporaries as vulgar and popularist, but modern critics admire his innovative and naturalistic manner. --DOA", -"date": "1577 - ca. 1652", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangSixun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Sixun", + "comment": "Vinograd, Richard; Boundaries of the Self: Chinese Portraits, 1600-1900, New York; Victoria, Australia: Press Syndicate of the Cambridge University Press, 1992. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangHongzhan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Hongzhan", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Dalian, Liaoning Province; graduated from the Luxun Academy of Fine Arts, Shenyang.", -"date": "b. 1942", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangHuang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Huang", -"comment": "Clunas, Craig; Empire of Great Brightness: Visual and Material Cultures of Ming China, 1368-1644, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2007. ", -"date": "1527-1608", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangSongnan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Songnan", + "comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese artist associated with the Red Guard's Fine Arts Campaign ", + "date": "born 1942 ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangJianjun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Jianjun", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", -"date": "active ca. 1980s", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangSongzu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Songzu", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Taixing, Jiangsu Province; member of Shanghai branch of the Chinese Artists' Association, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 张嵩祖", + "date": "born 1935", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangJianwen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Jianwen", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Mengxian, Henan Province; specializes in woodcut; alternate name: 张建文", -"date": "born 1921", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangWang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Wang", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). Also published under the name Zhang Zhiping. He joined the League of Left-wing Artists and organized the MK Woodcut Society.", + "date": "1915-1992", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangKeduan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Keduan", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist and sculptor, born in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, graduated 1985 from Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou.", -"date": "b. 1960", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangWeibang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Weibang", + "comment": "Rawski, Evelyn S. and Jessica Rawson; China: The Three Emperors, 1662-1795, London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2005. active as a court painter", + "date": "active ca. 1726-1761", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangLin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Lin", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Chang Lin", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangXiaofei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Xiaofei", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Shuangcheng, Heilongjiang Province; specializes in oil painting, New Year picture; alternate names: Zhang Ying, Zhang Li, 张晓非", + "date": "1918-1996", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangLing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Ling", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36l39 Alternate names: Chang Ling, 張靈 Ming dynasty From Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Neighbor and friend of Tang Yin. Painted figures, landscapes, flowers, and birds. --Seymour", -"date": "active ca. 1510", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangXiaogang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Xiaogang", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. b. Kunming, Yunnan province, PRC B.A., Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts, 1982", + "date": "b. 1958", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangLu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Lu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36l45 Alternate names: Chang Lu, 張路 Ming dynasty (b Bianliang (now Kaifeng), Henan Province, 1464; d 1538). Chinese painter. A member of a wealthy family, he was acquainted with the works of Dai Jin and Wu Wei and, despite his northern origins, is recognized as a follower of the Zhe school. His paintings were highly appreciated in his own time, especially in the north, according to Wang Shizhen, who described him as a follower of Wu Wei excelling in ‘firmness and muscular strength’ but lacking some of Wu’s ‘refinement and freedom’. A biography by Zhang’s friend Zhu Ankan included some of Zhang’s own comments on painting. He believed there were few true connoisseurs of art, past or present, because so few people knew how to paint, and it was not possible for such people, even those of the greatest natural genius, to understand anything about painting. Even less likely was it that people who did not know how to paint could appreciate or even apprehend the strength or weakness of brushwork or the clearness or muddiness of ink-wash tonalities. According to Zhu, Zhang painted from nature, contemplating and searching for a true understanding before beginning to paint, then using his brush ‘as Heaven created all things, without stopping from beginning to end’ (Barnhart, pp. 372–3). By the end of the Ming period (1368–1644), however, other critics vilified Zhang’s work; He Liangjun (1506–73), for example, wrote of Jiang Song and Wang Zhi of Nanjing and Zhang Lu of the north that he would be ashamed to wipe his table with their paintings. A number of paintings by Zhang exist in collections in China and elsewhere; other works not yet identified may prove to be his. Generally large and executed in ink and ink wash on silk, they show a sure use of colour as well. Two Women Looking at Paintings (Princeton U., NJ, A. Mus.), unsigned but here attributed to Zhang, shows a mastery of figure painting on a large scale in a landscape setting. The magnificent Eagle Stooping on a Hare in Winter, signed Pingshan (Nanjing, Jiangsu Prov. Mus.), shows Zhang’s skill in transforming a Song-period (960–1279) subject into his favourite ink-wash idiom. --DOA", -"date": "ca. 1464 - ca.1538", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangXinglong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Xinglong", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Chang Hsing-lung", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangMao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Mao", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36m26 Alternate names: Chang Mao, 張茂 Song dynasty From Hangzhou, Zhejiang province. Member of Academy of Painting. Painted landscapes, birds, and flowers. --Seymour", -"date": "active ca. 1190 - 1204", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangXinguo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Xinguo", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangMingqi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Mingqi", -"comment": "He, Li and Michael Knight; Power and Glory: Court Arts of China's Ming Dynasty, San Francisco: Asian Art Museum, 2008. A native of Jiaxing, Zhejiang province, he was recognized by his contemporaries as one of the Four Distinguished Craftsmen for his skills in making hand warmers and incense burners.", -"date": "ca. 1580-1630", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangXinrang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Xinrang", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Penglai, Shandong Province, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 张信让", + "date": "born 1925", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangMinjie", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Minjie", -"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. ", -"date": "born 1959", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangXinying", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Xinying", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese peasant painter in Jinshan region, south of the Yangzi river.", + "date": "active second half 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangNian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Nian", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", -"date": "b. 1964", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangXiong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Xiong", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangPeili", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Peili", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco, New York, Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society Galleries, University of California Press, 1998. Chinese artist, born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province; educated at the Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts.", -"date": "b. 1957", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangPing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Ping", -"comment": "Laing, Ellen Johnston; Winking Owl: Art from the People's Republic of China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988 (0520060970). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangXueceng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Xueceng", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36x36c29 Alternate names: Chang Hsüeh-ts'eng, 張學曾 Qing dynasty From Zhejiang province. Governor of Suzhou, Jiangsu province. One of the "Nine Friends." Painted landscapes, followed Dong Yuan. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 1630 - 1650", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangQun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Qun", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangYanfu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Yanfu", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36y24f32 Alternate names: Chang Yen-fu, 張彥輔 Yuan dynasty Daoist, active in Beijing in the 1340s. Probably died ca. 1350. Painter-in-attendance at the Yuan court. Painted landscapes and horses. --Seymour", + "date": "mid 14th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangRiyao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Riyao", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese postal designer", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangYangxi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Yangxi", + "comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. born in Chengdu ", + "date": "1912-1964", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangRuitu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Ruitu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36r35t38 Alternate names: Chang Jui-t'u, 張瑞圖 Ming dynasty (b Jinjiang District, Fujian Province, 1570; d April/May ?1641). Chinese calligrapher, painter and poet. He received his jinshi degree in 1607, eventually becoming Grand Secretary in 1626. In 1629 Zhang was implicated in the crimes of the corrupt eunuch Wei Zhongxian, and was stripped of his ranks and sent home a commoner. This has affected his standing as an artist, for despite a manifest talent, he was either ignored or vilified by Chinese art historians. Research in the 20th century has absolved him of collusion, however, and his artistic standing has been restored. Although little appreciated at home, Zhang was recognized during his lifetime by the Japanese, owing to the particular relationship of the Japanese at that time with the province of Fujian, where Zhang retired. Chinese Chan (Jap. Zen) Buddhist monks from Mt Huangbi (Jap. Ōbaku), Fujian, were exporting their sect to Japan and training monks to be sent there. Zhang had by this time become a Chan Buddhist, as one of his seals and his writings attest. There are large numbers of Zhang’s works in Japanese collections, thanks partly to the presence of his daughter in Osaka and partly to the monks, who imported his calligraphy. Zhang is usually classified as one of the four masters of late Ming (1368–1644) calligraphy, with Xing Tong (1551–1612), Mi Wanzhong (1570–1628) and Dong Qichang. Most of his writing is in running script (xingshu), cursive script (caoshu) and small regular script (xiao kaishu). The models he followed in early years were Wang Xizhi, Sun Guoting and Su Shi; Dong Qichang was another influence. His large calligraphy is closer to his more eccentric juniors Wang Duo (1592–1652) and Fu Shan. Wang and Fu based their exaggerations on specific Western Jin-period (ad 265–316) sources, however; Zhang’s style emerged from his own imagination. In a poem by Li Bai (ad ?701–62) in linked cursive script (see 1977 exh. cat., no. 62), Zhang wields a slanted brush to produce simple, taut, unadorned and angular lines, closely and continuously woven in the columns but separated by wide spaces. Pressure within a character is generally uniform; contrast is produced between words lightly and thinly brushed and those more heavily written. Followed on the left by the sensitive lines of his signature, the whole produces an impression of stability and finesse. Zhang was also a competent landscapist. Biographers mention Huang Gongwang as his model; the paintings themselves are in typical late Ming literati style clearly influenced by Dong Qichang. He was an able poet, particularly fond of Tao Yuanming (ad 365–427) and Bai Juyi (ad 772–846), and much of his calligraphy is his own poetry. --DOA", -"date": "ca. 1659 - after 1644", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangYin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Yin", + "comment": "Brown, Claudia and Ju-hsi Chou; Transcending Turmoil: Painting at the Close of China's Empire, 1796-1911, Phoenix: Phoenix Art Museum, 1992. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangRuji", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Ruji", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangSengyou", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Sengyou", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36s29y34 Alternate names: Chang Seng-yu, 張僧繇 6 Dyn.", -"date": "ca. 500 - 550", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangYizheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Yizheng", + "comment": "Barnhart, Richard M; Painters of the great Ming: the Imperial Court and the Zhe School, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 1993. Ming dynasty", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangShengwen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Shengwen", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36s42w27 Alternate names: Chang Sheng-wen, 張勝溫 Song dynasty Another important Buddhist handscroll comes from Dali, in Yunnan. Showing the entire (?local) pantheon and dated 1178, this long handscroll (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) was painted on paper with faint colours by Zhang Shengwen (fl 12th century) in a style close to that of Li Gonglin. The brushwork is highly controlled, and the painting has a dense, linear organization with great attention to detail. The greatest value of this scroll lies in its iconography, which is partly dominated by esoteric Buddhist images and local historical figures, many of whom have not been identified. --DOA", -"date": "early 13th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangSijiao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Sijiao", -"comment": "Vinograd, Richard; Boundaries of the Self: Chinese Portraits, 1600-1900, New York; Victoria, Australia: Press Syndicate of the Cambridge University Press, 1992. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangYongjian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Yongjian", + "comment": "China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. Chinese sculptor; graduated 1980 from the art department at Shandong Jining Normal College; works in the sculpture division of the jining Municipal Public Works Department.", + "date": "b. 1958", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangSixun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Sixun", -"comment": "Vinograd, Richard; Boundaries of the Self: Chinese Portraits, 1600-1900, New York; Victoria, Australia: Press Syndicate of the Cambridge University Press, 1992. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangYou", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, You", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Chinese painter in the Ming dynasty", + "date": "active mid 15th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangSongnan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Songnan", -"comment": "Chiu, Melissa and Zheng Shengtian; Art and China's Revolution, New York; New Haven and London: Asia Society; Yale University Press, 2008. Chinese artist associated with the Red Guard's Fine Arts Campaign ", -"date": "born 1942 ", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangYu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Yu", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36y35 Alternate names: Chang Yü, 張雨 Yuan dynasty Daoist monk. Poet. Calligrapher. Painted landscapes and figures. --Seymour", + "date": "1277 - 1348", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangSongzu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Songzu", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Taixing, Jiangsu Province; member of Shanghai branch of the Chinese Artists' Association, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 张嵩祖", -"date": "born 1935", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangYuanfan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Yuanfan", + "comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province", + "date": "born 1952", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangWang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Wang", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). Also published under the name Zhang Zhiping. He joined the League of Left-wing Artists and organized the MK Woodcut Society.", -"date": "1915-1992", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangYucai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Yucai", + "comment": "Fong, Wen C.; Beyond Representation, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1992. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangWeibang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Weibang", -"comment": "Rawski, Evelyn S. and Jessica Rawson; China: The Three Emperors, 1662-1795, London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2005. active as a court painter", -"date": "active ca. 1726-1761", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangXiaofei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Xiaofei", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Shuangcheng, Heilongjiang Province; specializes in oil painting, New Year picture; alternate names: Zhang Ying, Zhang Li, 张晓非", -"date": "1918-1996", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangYuehu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Yuehu", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36y38h35 Alternate names: Chang Yüeh-hu, 張月壺 Yuan dynasty", + "date": "late Song - Yuan", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangXiaogang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Xiaogang", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998. b. Kunming, Yunnan province, PRC B.A., Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts, 1982", -"date": "b. 1958", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangZhenqi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Zhenqi", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Heilongjiang Province; council member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 张祯麒", + "date": "born 1934", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangXinglong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Xinglong", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Chang Hsing-lung", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangZhunxia", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Zhunxia", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Chang Chun-hsia ", + "date": "active mid 20th century ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangXinguo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Xinguo", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangZuoliang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhang, Zuoliang", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Shandong, council member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 张作良", + "date": "born 1927", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangXinrang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Xinrang", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Penglai, Shandong Province, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 张信让", -"date": "born 1925", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoBandi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Bandi", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Beijing; graduated 1988 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing.", + "date": "b. 1963", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangXinying", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Xinying", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese peasant painter in Jinshan region, south of the Yangzi river.", -"date": "active second half 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoBoju", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Boju", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37b38j36 Alternate names: Chao Po-chü, 趙伯駒 Song dynasty (b Zhuo xian, Hebei Province, before 1123; d 1160–73). Chinese painter. His paintings of landscapes, figures, flowers, fruit and birds apparently ranged in size and format from large screens to handscrolls, album leaves and fans. The critic Zhao Xigu ( fl 1180–1240) considered Zhao Boju the best of all Southern Song (1127–1279) painters. However, no authentic work by Zhao Boju survives, leaving the question of his style open to interpretation. Zhao Boju and his younger brother, Zhao Bosu, also a painter, were 7th-generation descendants of the founder of the Song dynasty (960–1279), Emperor Taizu (reg 960–75). When Emperor Gaozong (reg 1127–62) was presented with a fan painting done by Zhao Boju, he was enormously pleased. On meeting Zhao in person and discovering him to be a kinsman, he addressed him as ‘royal cousin’ and assigned him the title of Military Commander of the eastern Zhejiang circuit, an office the short-lived Zhao held until his death. The Emperor commissioned Zhao to paint the screens for the hall called the Jiying dian and is known often to have inscribed Zhao’s works. The Zhao brothers reportedly believed that ‘each artist ought to have his own sense of style within his breast, so that his spirit emerges spontaneously, and the work will exude a taste that is pure, refined and remote, unbounded by the formal conditions of the objects.’ This is in keeping with the literati belittlement of physical verisimilitude and stress on the supremacy of expression, according to which a painter should attempt to capture the inner essence of the subject more than its outer form. Zhuang Su ( fl 12th–13th century) described Zhao Boju’s handscroll On the Yangzi River in the Sixth Lunar Month, bearing the imperial autograph, as imbued with the ‘flavour and air of Dong Yuan and Wang Sheng [1072–after 1149]’. This indicates landscape painting with a Southern school affiliation, rather than in the Academy style. Zhao’s landscapes may have been of gentle earthen mounds with soft, rounded contours, in a continuation of the Jiangnan (south China) style promoted in the early 12th century by the great critic and spokesman for the literati, Mi Fu. Although the Zhao brothers were not members of the Imperial Painting Academy, they were pre-eminent in Southern Song painting circles, excelling in coloured (qinglü) landscapes (usually associated with the Northern school) and figure painting. In the Yuan period (1279–1368) Xia Wenyan included bamboo and rocks in Zhao Boju’s area of expertise and said that by gazing at Zhao’s figure painting aspects of the sitters’ personalities could be appreciated. However, these claims may typify a common tendency to exaggerate Zhao’s abilities that became pronounced following the master’s death, in response to the great demand for, and lack of, his works. Indeed, it seems that by the Yuan many attributions to Zhao were already spurious. Despite the scarcity of his works, many poems and encomia were written by critics on works ascribed to him. The composition most modern scholars associate with Zhao Boju is that of the stunning anonymous handscroll Jiangshan qiuse tujuan (‘Handscroll of mountain and river autumn colours’; colours on silk; Beijing, Pal. Mus.). This title first appears in the 18th-century imperial catalogue Shiqu baoji, where the attribution to Zhao follows that made by Zhu Biao (1355–92) in 1375, based simply on its being a coloured landscape. In fact, the structure and perspective of the work link it to paintings such as a Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains (Beijing, Pal. Mus.) by Wang Ximeng (1096–1119), produced under Emperor Huizong (reg 1101–25). Jiangshan qiuse tujuan may offer a glimpse of what Zhao saw, but perhaps not of what he painted. --DOA", + "date": "active ca. 1150", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangXiong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Xiong", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoBosu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Bosu", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37b38s57 Alternate names: Chao Po-su, 趙伯驌 Song dynasty Zhao Boju and his younger brother, Zhao Bosu, also a painter, were 7th-generation descendants of the founder of the Song dynasty (960–1279), Emperor Taizu (reg 960–75). The Zhao brothers reportedly believed that ‘each artist ought to have his own sense of style within his breast, so that his spirit emerges spontaneously, and the work will exude a taste that is pure, refined and remote, unbounded by the formal conditions of the objects.’ This is in keeping with the literati belittlement of physical verisimilitude and stress on the supremacy of expression, according to which a painter should attempt to capture the inner essence of the subject more than its outer form. Although the Zhao brothers were not members of the Imperial Painting Academy, they were pre-eminent in Southern Song painting circles, excelling in coloured (qinglü) landscapes (usually associated with the Northern school) and figure painting. --DOA", + "date": "1124 - 1182", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangXueceng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Xueceng", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36x36c29 Alternate names: Chang Hsüeh-ts'eng, 張學曾 Qing dynasty From Zhejiang province. Governor of Suzhou, Jiangsu province. One of the "Nine Friends." Painted landscapes, followed Dong Yuan. --Seymour", -"date": "ca. 1630 - 1650", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoBuzhi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Buzhi", + "comment": "Masterpieces of Chinese Figure Painting in the National Palace Museum (Gu gong ren wu hua xuan cui), Taipei: National Palace Museum, 1973. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangYanfu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Yanfu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36y24f32 Alternate names: Chang Yen-fu, 張彥輔 Yuan dynasty Daoist, active in Beijing in the 1340s. Probably died ca. 1350. Painter-in-attendance at the Yuan court. Painted landscapes and horses. --Seymour", -"date": "mid 14th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangYangxi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Yangxi", -"comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. born in Chengdu ", -"date": "1912-1964", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoChunxiang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Chunxiang", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangYin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Yin", -"comment": "Brown, Claudia and Ju-hsi Chou; Transcending Turmoil: Painting at the Close of China's Empire, 1796-1911, Phoenix: Phoenix Art Museum, 1992. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangYizheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Yizheng", -"comment": "Barnhart, Richard M; Painters of the great Ming: the Imperial Court and the Zhe School, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 1993. Ming dynasty", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoDaheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Daheng", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37d22h32 Alternate names: Chao Ta-heng, 趙大亨 Song dynasty Servant of Zhao Boju, whom he imitated closely particularly in the gold and green manner. Hi pictures are often taken for his master's works. --Seymour", + "date": "mid 12th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangYongjian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Yongjian", -"comment": "China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. Chinese sculptor; graduated 1980 from the art department at Shandong Jining Normal College; works in the sculpture division of the jining Municipal Public Works Department.", -"date": "b. 1958", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoGunhan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Gunhan", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Chao Kun-han", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangYou", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, You", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Chinese painter in the Ming dynasty", -"date": "active mid 15th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoKexiong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Kexiong", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37k27x32 Alternate names: Chao K'o-hsiung, 趙克敻 Northern Song dynasty Member of the Royal House of Song. Painted fish. --Seymour", + "date": "Northern Song", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangYu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Yu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36y35 Alternate names: Chang Yü, 張雨 Yuan dynasty Daoist monk. Poet. Calligrapher. Painted landscapes and figures. --Seymour", -"date": "1277 - 1348", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoKui", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Kui", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37k39 Alternate names: Chao K'uei, 趙葵 Song dynasty From Hunan province. Poet and prominent official. Held title of Duke of Qi. Painted plum blossoms. --Seymour", + "date": "1186 - 1266", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangYuanfan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Yuanfan", -"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province", -"date": "born 1952", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoLin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Lin", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37l38 Alternate names: Chao Lin, 趙麟 Song dynasty Painter in reign of Emperor Xidong. --Seymour", + "date": "d. ca. 1367", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangYucai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Yucai", -"comment": "Fong, Wen C.; Beyond Representation, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1992. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoLingrang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Lingrang", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37l39r23 Alternate names: Chao Ling-jang (Chao Ta-nien; Zhao Danian), 趙令禳 (趙大年) Song dynasty (fl c. 1070–c. 1100). Chinese painter. He was a fifth-generation descendant of Emperor Taizu (reg 960–76), founder of the Song dynasty (960–1279). Although such official titles as Regional Defense Commandant were bestowed on Zhao, his chief preoccupation seems to have been painting. His noble status allowed him a life of luxury and learning, but restricted his movements to the environs of the capital city, Bianliang (modern Kaifeng), Henan Province. Song critics saw this lack of physical freedom as bearing upon his narrow range of landscape subjects, mainly small, intimate views (xiao jing) of misty river landscapes. Though Zhao also painted small ink-bamboo subjects after his eminent contemporary Su Shi, it was through landscape painting that he gained his reputation and made his mark on the lyrical style of the Southern Song period (1127–1279). Zhao was a student of Tang (ad 618–907) painting, especially the work of Wang wei, the venerated poet–painter whose technical innovation of ‘broken ink’ ( pomo) contributed to the development of a more expressive landscape style. Zhao’s familiarity with Wang’s style and poetic sensibility may account for similarities that have been noted in the paintings attributed to the two artists. Significantly, Zhao’s contemporary, the esteemed critic–connoisseur Mi Fu, judged some of Zhao’s small snow landscape paintings comparable to works by Wang. However, since no extant works are securely attributed to Wang, and since literary descriptions of his style are vague and inconclusive, it is difficult to determine the extent of his influence upon Zhao. The most important painting by Zhao is the signed handscroll Jiang xiang qing xia (‘Summer mist along the lake shore’; Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.; see fig.). One colophon is by Dong Qichang, the great Ming painter and connoisseur, who was an admirer of Zhao. The painting recalls aspects of Zhao’s work mentioned in the Xuanhe huapu (‘Xuanhe collection of painting’; preface 1120): ‘In his paintings there are the charms of low embankments and lakes, shady groves, vaporous clouds, ducks and geese: they have an air of spaciousness and ease.’ From the opening scene the viewer is drawn in a continuous, relaxed movement through a rustic landscape; directional motifs include paths, meandering river banks and trailing mists. The horizontality and sense of spatial flow in the composition contrast with the verticality and spatial shifts in the landscapes of the earlier Li–Guo (Li Cheng and Guo Xi) tradition, in which nature is presented as monumental rather than circumscribed. Prior to Zhao, never in Chinese landscape painting had place and time seemed so palpable. The atmosphere and mood so essential to Zhao’s vision are conveyed by certain brush techniques: feathery, almost pointillist brushwork describes foliage and grass, and pale, transparent washes heighten a sense of ephemerality. A small landscape in ink and colours on silk (Nara, Yamato Bunkakan), representing a marshy river scene in autumnal morning mist, is believed to be a section cut from a handscroll by Zhao. In composition, it echoes a portion of the Boston scroll where a foreground willow tree gently bends towards the river’s opposite shore. However, perhaps because the season is autumn, the fragment has a more melancholy feel. Technique in the two works is also similar, though the brushwork in the Boston scroll is more descriptive of detail. After Zhao’s death, his style was still practised with fidelity in the Southern Song period as exemplified by an album leaf in ink and colours on silk, Cottages in a Misty Grove in Autumn (Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.), signed and dated 1177 by Li Anzhong, a painter of the Imperial Academy. This work could almost be mistaken for a work by Zhao were it not for the signature. Then at the end of the 12th century, Ma Yuan (see Ma, (1)) and Xia gui integrated Zhao’s innovations into their own style to create the dominant tradition of the Southern Song Academy. In landscape, this style stressed small-scale but spatially expansive views of nature; atmospheric effects; impressionistic and wet brush techniques; and, above all, lyrical mood. The essence of Southern Song landscape painting is unimaginable without Zhao’s prior achievement. --DOA", + "date": "active ca. 1070 -1100", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangYuehu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Yuehu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z36y38h35 Alternate names: Chang Yüeh-hu, 張月壺 Yuan dynasty", -"date": "late Song - Yuan", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoMei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Mei", + "comment": "China Publications Center; Modern Chinese Woodcuts, Beijing: Guozi Shudian, 1965. alternate name: Chao Mei", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangZhenqi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Zhenqi", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Heilongjiang Province; council member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 张祯麒", -"date": "born 1934", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoMengjian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Mengjian", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37m29j26 Alternate names: Chao Meng-chien, 趙孟堅 Song dynasty Though written in regular script, Couplet from a Poem by Han Hong displays important stylistic affinities with Three Poems on the Painting of Ink Plum Blossoms and Bamboo (1260; New York, Met.), one of two extant works by Zhao Mengjian (1199–1265), a descendant of the Song royal family; the other is a handscroll of his calligraphy (Shanghai, Mus.). Zhao was most famous for his ink monochrome paintings. Zhao’s calligraphy displays the angular brushwork of Ouyang Xun and the rapid movement of Li Yong (ad 678–747), executed with the fluent tip action of the brush characteristic of Mi Fu. The calligraphy of Emperor Lizong and of Zhao Mengjian established a bridge between the art of the imperial family and that of the scholar–officials, or literati. In both of their works there was a revival of methods used before and during the Tang period and a display of technical virtuosity and elegance of form representative of the earlier southern calligraphic tradition. These developments were to play an important formative role in the calligraphy of the enormously influential artist Zhao Mengfu (a cousin of Zhao Mengjian) during the Yuan period (ad 1279–1368; see §(v)(a) below). --DOA", + "date": "1199 - 1295", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangZhunxia", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Zhunxia", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Chang Chun-hsia ", -"date": "active mid 20th century ", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoNengzhi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Nengzhi", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Nanjing, Sichuan Province; graduated 1990 from the Sichuan Institute of Fine Arts, Chongqing; lives and works in Chengdu.", + "date": "b. 1968", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhangZuoliang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhang, Zuoliang", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Shandong, council member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 张作良", -"date": "born 1927", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoQiI", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Qi (I)", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37q22 Alternate names: Chao Ch'i, 趙麒 Ming dynasty Painted landscapes and figures in the style of Ma Yuan. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 1488 - 1505", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoBandi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Bandi", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Beijing; graduated 1988 from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing.", -"date": "b. 1963", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoQiII", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Qi (II)", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37q225 Alternate names: Chao Ch'i, 趙淇 Yuan dynasty From Hunan province. Second son of Zhao Kui. Wrote music and literature. Painted bamboo. --Seymour", + "date": "1238 - 1306", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoBoju", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Boju", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37b38j36 Alternate names: Chao Po-chü, 趙伯駒 Song dynasty (b Zhuo xian, Hebei Province, before 1123; d 1160–73). Chinese painter. His paintings of landscapes, figures, flowers, fruit and birds apparently ranged in size and format from large screens to handscrolls, album leaves and fans. The critic Zhao Xigu ( fl 1180–1240) considered Zhao Boju the best of all Southern Song (1127–1279) painters. However, no authentic work by Zhao Boju survives, leaving the question of his style open to interpretation. Zhao Boju and his younger brother, Zhao Bosu, also a painter, were 7th-generation descendants of the founder of the Song dynasty (960–1279), Emperor Taizu (reg 960–75). When Emperor Gaozong (reg 1127–62) was presented with a fan painting done by Zhao Boju, he was enormously pleased. On meeting Zhao in person and discovering him to be a kinsman, he addressed him as ‘royal cousin’ and assigned him the title of Military Commander of the eastern Zhejiang circuit, an office the short-lived Zhao held until his death. The Emperor commissioned Zhao to paint the screens for the hall called the Jiying dian and is known often to have inscribed Zhao’s works. The Zhao brothers reportedly believed that ‘each artist ought to have his own sense of style within his breast, so that his spirit emerges spontaneously, and the work will exude a taste that is pure, refined and remote, unbounded by the formal conditions of the objects.’ This is in keeping with the literati belittlement of physical verisimilitude and stress on the supremacy of expression, according to which a painter should attempt to capture the inner essence of the subject more than its outer form. Zhuang Su ( fl 12th–13th century) described Zhao Boju’s handscroll On the Yangzi River in the Sixth Lunar Month, bearing the imperial autograph, as imbued with the ‘flavour and air of Dong Yuan and Wang Sheng [1072–after 1149]’. This indicates landscape painting with a Southern school affiliation, rather than in the Academy style. Zhao’s landscapes may have been of gentle earthen mounds with soft, rounded contours, in a continuation of the Jiangnan (south China) style promoted in the early 12th century by the great critic and spokesman for the literati, Mi Fu. Although the Zhao brothers were not members of the Imperial Painting Academy, they were pre-eminent in Southern Song painting circles, excelling in coloured (qinglü) landscapes (usually associated with the Northern school) and figure painting. In the Yuan period (1279–1368) Xia Wenyan included bamboo and rocks in Zhao Boju’s area of expertise and said that by gazing at Zhao’s figure painting aspects of the sitters’ personalities could be appreciated. However, these claims may typify a common tendency to exaggerate Zhao’s abilities that became pronounced following the master’s death, in response to the great demand for, and lack of, his works. Indeed, it seems that by the Yuan many attributions to Zhao were already spurious. Despite the scarcity of his works, many poems and encomia were written by critics on works ascribed to him. The composition most modern scholars associate with Zhao Boju is that of the stunning anonymous handscroll Jiangshan qiuse tujuan (‘Handscroll of mountain and river autumn colours’; colours on silk; Beijing, Pal. Mus.). This title first appears in the 18th-century imperial catalogue Shiqu baoji, where the attribution to Zhao follows that made by Zhu Biao (1355–92) in 1375, based simply on its being a coloured landscape. In fact, the structure and perspective of the work link it to paintings such as a Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains (Beijing, Pal. Mus.) by Wang Ximeng (1096–1119), produced under Emperor Huizong (reg 1101–25). Jiangshan qiuse tujuan may offer a glimpse of what Zhao saw, but perhaps not of what he painted. --DOA", -"date": "active ca. 1150", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoQiIII", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Qi (III)", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. Chinese painter from Suzhou, Jiangsu who studied with Wu Changshi in Shanghai; specialized in flower painting and running script calligraphy that he learned directly from Wu.", + "date": "1874-1955", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoBosu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Bosu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37b38s57 Alternate names: Chao Po-su, 趙伯驌 Song dynasty Zhao Boju and his younger brother, Zhao Bosu, also a painter, were 7th-generation descendants of the founder of the Song dynasty (960–1279), Emperor Taizu (reg 960–75). The Zhao brothers reportedly believed that ‘each artist ought to have his own sense of style within his breast, so that his spirit emerges spontaneously, and the work will exude a taste that is pure, refined and remote, unbounded by the formal conditions of the objects.’ This is in keeping with the literati belittlement of physical verisimilitude and stress on the supremacy of expression, according to which a painter should attempt to capture the inner essence of the subject more than its outer form. Although the Zhao brothers were not members of the Imperial Painting Academy, they were pre-eminent in Southern Song painting circles, excelling in coloured (qinglü) landscapes (usually associated with the Northern school) and figure painting. --DOA", -"date": "1124 - 1182", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoQiong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Qiong", + "comment": "Wu Tung; Tales From the Land of Dragons: 1,000 Years of Chinese Painting, Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1997. ", + "date": "13th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoBuzhi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Buzhi", -"comment": "Masterpieces of Chinese Figure Painting in the National Palace Museum (Gu gong ren wu hua xuan cui), Taipei: National Palace Museum, 1973. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoShaoang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Shao'ang", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. Chinese painter, born in Panyu, Guangdong; studied with Gao Qifeng of the Lingnan School; later settled permanently in Hong Kong.", + "date": "1905-1998", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoChunxiang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Chunxiang", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoShilei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Shilei", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37s43l28 Alternate names: Chao Shih-lei, 趙士雷 Song dynasty Member of the Imperial house of SOng. Official in Guangdong province. Painted river scenery, flowers, and bamboo. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 1098 - 1150", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoDaheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Daheng", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37d22h32 Alternate names: Chao Ta-heng, 趙大亨 Song dynasty Servant of Zhao Boju, whom he imitated closely particularly in the gold and green manner. Hi pictures are often taken for his master's works. --Seymour", -"date": "mid 12th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoShou", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Shou", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoGunhan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Gunhan", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Chao Kun-han", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoKexiong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Kexiong", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37k27x32 Alternate names: Chao K'o-hsiung, 趙克敻 Northern Song dynasty Member of the Royal House of Song. Painted fish. --Seymour", -"date": "Northern Song", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoTong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Tong", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoKui", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Kui", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37k39 Alternate names: Chao K'uei, 趙葵 Song dynasty From Hunan province. Poet and prominent official. Held title of Duke of Qi. Painted plum blossoms. --Seymour", -"date": "1186 - 1266", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoLin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Lin", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37l38 Alternate names: Chao Lin, 趙麟 Song dynasty Painter in reign of Emperor Xidong. --Seymour", -"date": "d. ca. 1367", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoWangyun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Wangyun", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. Chinese painter who specialized in depicting scenes of peasants and rural life from some of the poorest regions in northern China. ", + "date": "1906-1977", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoLingrang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Lingrang", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37l39r23 Alternate names: Chao Ling-jang (Chao Ta-nien; Zhao Danian), 趙令禳 (趙大年) Song dynasty (fl c. 1070–c. 1100). Chinese painter. He was a fifth-generation descendant of Emperor Taizu (reg 960–76), founder of the Song dynasty (960–1279). Although such official titles as Regional Defense Commandant were bestowed on Zhao, his chief preoccupation seems to have been painting. His noble status allowed him a life of luxury and learning, but restricted his movements to the environs of the capital city, Bianliang (modern Kaifeng), Henan Province. Song critics saw this lack of physical freedom as bearing upon his narrow range of landscape subjects, mainly small, intimate views (xiao jing) of misty river landscapes. Though Zhao also painted small ink-bamboo subjects after his eminent contemporary Su Shi, it was through landscape painting that he gained his reputation and made his mark on the lyrical style of the Southern Song period (1127–1279). Zhao was a student of Tang (ad 618–907) painting, especially the work of Wang wei, the venerated poet–painter whose technical innovation of ‘broken ink’ ( pomo) contributed to the development of a more expressive landscape style. Zhao’s familiarity with Wang’s style and poetic sensibility may account for similarities that have been noted in the paintings attributed to the two artists. Significantly, Zhao’s contemporary, the esteemed critic–connoisseur Mi Fu, judged some of Zhao’s small snow landscape paintings comparable to works by Wang. However, since no extant works are securely attributed to Wang, and since literary descriptions of his style are vague and inconclusive, it is difficult to determine the extent of his influence upon Zhao. The most important painting by Zhao is the signed handscroll Jiang xiang qing xia (‘Summer mist along the lake shore’; Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.; see fig.). One colophon is by Dong Qichang, the great Ming painter and connoisseur, who was an admirer of Zhao. The painting recalls aspects of Zhao’s work mentioned in the Xuanhe huapu (‘Xuanhe collection of painting’; preface 1120): ‘In his paintings there are the charms of low embankments and lakes, shady groves, vaporous clouds, ducks and geese: they have an air of spaciousness and ease.’ From the opening scene the viewer is drawn in a continuous, relaxed movement through a rustic landscape; directional motifs include paths, meandering river banks and trailing mists. The horizontality and sense of spatial flow in the composition contrast with the verticality and spatial shifts in the landscapes of the earlier Li–Guo (Li Cheng and Guo Xi) tradition, in which nature is presented as monumental rather than circumscribed. Prior to Zhao, never in Chinese landscape painting had place and time seemed so palpable. The atmosphere and mood so essential to Zhao’s vision are conveyed by certain brush techniques: feathery, almost pointillist brushwork describes foliage and grass, and pale, transparent washes heighten a sense of ephemerality. A small landscape in ink and colours on silk (Nara, Yamato Bunkakan), representing a marshy river scene in autumnal morning mist, is believed to be a section cut from a handscroll by Zhao. In composition, it echoes a portion of the Boston scroll where a foreground willow tree gently bends towards the river’s opposite shore. However, perhaps because the season is autumn, the fragment has a more melancholy feel. Technique in the two works is also similar, though the brushwork in the Boston scroll is more descriptive of detail. After Zhao’s death, his style was still practised with fidelity in the Southern Song period as exemplified by an album leaf in ink and colours on silk, Cottages in a Misty Grove in Autumn (Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.), signed and dated 1177 by Li Anzhong, a painter of the Imperial Academy. This work could almost be mistaken for a work by Zhao were it not for the signature. Then at the end of the 12th century, Ma Yuan (see Ma, (1)) and Xia gui integrated Zhao’s innovations into their own style to create the dominant tradition of the Southern Song Academy. In landscape, this style stressed small-scale but spatially expansive views of nature; atmospheric effects; impressionistic and wet brush techniques; and, above all, lyrical mood. The essence of Southern Song landscape painting is unimaginable without Zhao’s prior achievement. --DOA", -"date": "active ca. 1070 -1100", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoWenliang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Wenliang", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter, founding member of Anonymous (No Name) Painting Group.", + "date": "active ca. 1960-1980", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoMei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Mei", -"comment": "China Publications Center; Modern Chinese Woodcuts, Beijing: Guozi Shudian, 1965. alternate name: Chao Mei", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoXiaomo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Xiaomo", + "comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Shanghai", + "date": "born 1949", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoMengjian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Mengjian", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37m29j26 Alternate names: Chao Meng-chien, 趙孟堅 Song dynasty Though written in regular script, Couplet from a Poem by Han Hong displays important stylistic affinities with Three Poems on the Painting of Ink Plum Blossoms and Bamboo (1260; New York, Met.), one of two extant works by Zhao Mengjian (1199–1265), a descendant of the Song royal family; the other is a handscroll of his calligraphy (Shanghai, Mus.). Zhao was most famous for his ink monochrome paintings. Zhao’s calligraphy displays the angular brushwork of Ouyang Xun and the rapid movement of Li Yong (ad 678–747), executed with the fluent tip action of the brush characteristic of Mi Fu. The calligraphy of Emperor Lizong and of Zhao Mengjian established a bridge between the art of the imperial family and that of the scholar–officials, or literati. In both of their works there was a revival of methods used before and during the Tang period and a display of technical virtuosity and elegance of form representative of the earlier southern calligraphic tradition. These developments were to play an important formative role in the calligraphy of the enormously influential artist Zhao Mengfu (a cousin of Zhao Mengjian) during the Yuan period (ad 1279–1368; see §(v)(a) below). --DOA", -"date": "1199 - 1295", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoYan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Yan", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37y24 Alternate names: Chao Yen, 趙巖 Five dynasties Son-in-law of Emperor Taizu. Collector and connoisseur. Painted figures and horses. --Seymour", + "date": "d. 922", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoNengzhi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Nengzhi", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Nanjing, Sichuan Province; graduated 1990 from the Sichuan Institute of Fine Arts, Chongqing; lives and works in Chengdu.", -"date": "b. 1968", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoYannian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Yannian", + "comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. Zhao was born in Huzhou, Zhejiang. His special genius lies in psychological portraits,which often take writings of Lu Xun for his subjects.", + "date": "born 1924", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoQiI", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Qi (I)", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37q22 Alternate names: Chao Ch'i, 趙麒 Ming dynasty Painted landscapes and figures in the style of Ma Yuan. --Seymour", -"date": "ca. 1488 - 1505", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoYong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Yong", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37y33 Alternate names: Chao Yung, 趙雍 Yuan dynasty (b Wuxing, Zhejiáng Province, 1289; d c. 1364). Son of (1) Zhao Mengfu. Because of his father’s high position at the court of the Mongol Yuan dynasty, Zhao Yong was early given an official position and continued to serve as an official throughout his life, eventually as a military commander in Wuxing. He probably died during the last years of the Yuan period (1279–1368), when a number of rebel armies contended with one another for control in the area of his command. Strongly influenced by his father, he was an accomplished painter of many subjects popular with masters of the early Yuan period, including landscape, horses, figures, palaces, and birds and flowers, and he was occasionally summoned to the Yuan court to paint. Among his surviving works the most notable are a number of landscape and horse paintings. One of the best known is Secluded Fishing among Streams and Mountains (hanging scroll on silk, Cleveland, OH, Dean Perry priv. col.), which depicts a gentleman fishing in a boat near trees and rocks in the foreground that are separated by an expanse of water from mountains in the distance. Similar compositional ideas, some without the fisherman, are also seen in a number of landscapes, executed on fans (e.g. Beijing, Pal. Mus. and Shenyang, Liaoning Prov. Mus.). These show the strong influence of the 10th-century artist Dong yuan: long, wavy, hemp-fibre strokes ( pima cun) are used to texture the rocks and mountains. Among his horse paintings, the most interesting is Noble Steeds (hanging scroll, 1352; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), which employs the Blue-and-green style that imitates the use of bright colours, mostly Blue-and-green, in Tang-period (ad 618–907) landscape painting, as an expression of admiration for archaic painting styles. A number of paintings depicting young gentlemen in red coats on horseback (e.g. Beijing, Pal. Mus. and Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) also seem to try to capture the elegance of the Tang period. Although all Zhao’s works, including collaborative works executed with other family members show his versatility, he was always overshadowed artistically by his father. --DOA", + "date": "ca. 1289 - ca.1362", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoQiII", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Qi (II)", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37q225 Alternate names: Chao Ch'i, 趙淇 Yuan dynasty From Hunan province. Second son of Zhao Kui. Wrote music and literature. Painted bamboo. --Seymour", -"date": "1238 - 1306", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoYuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Yuan", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37y37 Alternate names: Chao Yuan, 趙原 Yuan dynasty From Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Painted landscapes in the style of Dong Huang, and bamboo. __Seymour", + "date": "ca. 1360 - 1375", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoQiIII", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Qi (III)", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. Chinese painter from Suzhou, Jiangsu who studied with Wu Changshi in Shanghai; specialized in flower painting and running script calligraphy that he learned directly from Wu.", -"date": "1874-1955", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoZheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Zheng", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoQiong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Qiong", -"comment": "Wu Tung; Tales From the Land of Dragons: 1,000 Years of Chinese Painting, Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1997. ", -"date": "13th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoZhiqian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Zhiqian", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37z44q24 Alternate names: Chao Chih-ch'ien, 趙之謙 Qing dynasty (b Kuaiji, Zhejiang Province, 8 Aug 1829; d Nancheng, Jiangxi Province, 18 Nov 1884). Chinese calligrapher, seal-carver, painter and scholar. After his example, it became common for artists to attempt to be competent in painting, calligraphy and seal-carving rather than to specialize in a single discipline. Zhao was one of the greatest artists of the late Qing period (1644–1911), although much of his work displays a disquiet and unbalanced awkwardness that conflicted with Chinese aesthetic values of the time. As a painter, Zhao specialized in plant life. His early work is characterized by soft, detailed brushwork and brilliant, translucent colours. Plants of Zhejiang (1861; Tokyo N. Mus., see Tokyo kukuritsu, p. 162), a set of four hanging scrolls, is one of his early masterpieces: each scroll shows an unusual choice of plants and flowers and an immense range of colours and techniques. In one of the scrolls, the clublike arms of a prickly pear cactus are drawn in wet colour, with thistles added in ink while the paint was still wet; next to this is a complicated web of arched oleander leaves. Against this manipulation of wet colour, with its subtly vibrating edges, the pink and white oleander flowers are opaque. The fact that each composition is cut by the border of the scroll and that many elements within the paintings are interwoven gives a sense that the plants are reaching beyond their confines and enhances the vitality of the work. In contrast, the colours in Zhao’s later paintings are muted; there is an increased use of ink, and the brushwork is more exaggerated. Flowering Plants on Four Scrolls (1874; Tokyo N. Mus.; see Tokyo kukuritsu, p. 164) is a set of four hanging scrolls from this later period. In the scroll that depicts lotus and reed, the colours are dull greens, browns and pale oranges; the use of ink is abundant. The speed of execution is much more rapid than in Zhao’s earlier works, with the result that it is the intensity of the brushwork that makes the greatest impact rather than the vitality of the plants represented. Shen Fucan (1799–1850) taught Zhao empirical methods of research known as kaozhengxue, based on verification of texts through ancient artefacts. This introduction led to his fascination with stelae, which he first copied in 1863 after one of many trips to take the national civil service examinations in Beijing. The stelae had a profound effect on his calligraphy, which hitherto had been soft and rounded. His work acquired a new angularity, and his brushwork became more forceful. This style, which drew its inspiration from stelae of the Northern Wei period (ad 386–534), became so popular that Kang Youwei identified Zhao as responsible for starting a mania. Towards the end of his life, however, Zhao was no longer concerned with assimilating the style of ancient stelae: his late calligraphy displays an angularity, asymmetry and natural movement unique to him. In a set of four hanging scrolls called Poems by Wu Zhen (undated; Tokyo N. Mus.) the individual strokes are blunt and plain, and the size and shape of each character vary constantly. Zhao has dispensed with the idea of distinct columns of characters and instead has fitted each character into its neighbour by expanding the size of the characters, writing them closer together and placing them on different levels. The brushwork is swift and uninhibited, and the overall effect is one of great freedom. Zhao’s early seals were characterized by a slightly wavering, uneven line that shows the influence of the conservative, archaistic tendencies popularized in the late Ming period by Wen Peng (1498–1573). By the late 1860s Zhao had developed his own style: his seals from this period are imaginative and varied in design, with great depth and power of line. In 1872, having put himself into debt to buy a position of expectant magistrate in Jiangxi Province, he arrived to find himself assigned to edit the local gazetteer. It was work that he detested, and Zhao’s dissatisfaction in his job coincided with the curtailment of his artistic activities. He held a succession of official posts until his death in 1884. --DOA", + "date": "1829 - 1884", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoShaoang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Shao'ang", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. Chinese painter, born in Panyu, Guangdong; studied with Gao Qifeng of the Lingnan School; later settled permanently in Hong Kong.", -"date": "1905-1998", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoZhunmin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Zhunmin", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Chao Chun-min ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoShilei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Shilei", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37s43l28 Alternate names: Chao Shih-lei, 趙士雷 Song dynasty Member of the Imperial house of SOng. Official in Guangdong province. Painted river scenery, flowers, and bamboo. --Seymour", -"date": "ca. 1098 - 1150", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoZongzao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Zongzao", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Jiangsu, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 赵宗藻 ", + "date": "born 1931", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoShou", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Shou", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoZuo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Zuo", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37z66 Alternate names: Chao Tso, 趙左 Ming dynasty (b ?Songjiang [in modern Shanghai Municipality], c. 1570; d ?Tangxi, West Lake region of Hangzhou, c. 1633). Chinese painter and theorist. Zhao studied painting under the landscape painter and calligrapher Song Xu and became the founder of the Yunjian school, one of two groups active in the Songjian region, near Shanghai, during the early 17th century (the other, the Huating school, was led by Dong qichang, the founder and theorist of the Orthodox school of painting). Zhao wrote a short text called Lun hua (‘Discussion of painting’), the first surviving text on landscape painting since the Xie shanshui jue (‘Secrets of describing landscape’), written by Huang Gongwang about three centuries earlier. The essay adheres to Huang’s concerns with dynamic force (shi), natural order (li) and the organization of mountain masses in long, continuous movements within the composition. Zhao Zuo’s text lacks the stern intellectual tone of Dong Qichang’s writing. It offers practical advice for the artist, such as how to sketch houses, trees and bridges in dry brushwork before developing the forms with wet ink, and includes advice on depicting figures, villages and temples, anecdotal elements not often found in Dong’s painting. Indeed, Yunjian school painting in general, and Zhao’s work in particular, is more representational, more relaxed and executed with softer brushstrokes and less dramatic tonal contrast than comparable Huating school works. The trees and earth masses in Zhao’s early painting (e.g. Landscape; hanging scroll, ink and light colours on paper; 1615; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) are rendered with an appreciation for natural growth and geological form rather than as parts of an analytical system of representation using a limited repertory of repeated forms, as in many works of the Orthodox school. The Bamboo Monastery (hanging scroll, ink and light colours on paper; Osaka, Mun. Mus. A.) shows Zhao’s tendency to leave white bands of reserve along the contours of earth and rock, allowing him to suggest complex recessions in depth. He depicted rocks in a decidedly non-Chinese fashion, using varying tones and highlights applied in short, broad strokes to create a sense of volume and weight. Zhao avoided extensive use of ink wash and the long, schematic texture strokes (cun) commonly found in literati painting (see China, §V, 4(ii)). Consequently, Zhao’s landscapes have structural clarity and a convincing interplay of light and shade; the overall effect is painterly, soft and somewhat closer to Western chiaroscuro than to traditional Chinese formalism. Scholars have suggested that European art, in the form of late 16th-century engraved book illustrations, might have influenced Zhao. Between 1612 and 1620, Zhao Zuo became increasingly drawn to the style of the Orthodox school. Although his own work of this period lacked the originality of his earlier paintings, the qualities of his best work—the soft treatment of forms, smoothly flowing masses, occasional naturalism and deft brushwork—continued to appear in the work of Yunjian school painters until the early 18th century. --Seymour", + "date": "active ca. 1600 - 1630", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoTong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Tong", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengDianxian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zheng, Dianxian", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z43d33x24 born in Fujian province; signed his paintings 'Dianxian' (Fallen Immortal) Alternate names: Cheng Tien-hsien, 鄭顛仙; Zheng Wenlin (proper name) Ming dynasty", + "date": "late 15th", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoWangyun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Wangyun", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. Chinese painter who specialized in depicting scenes of peasants and rural life from some of the poorest regions in northern China. ", -"date": "1906-1977", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengGuogu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zheng, Guogu", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Yangjiang, Guangdong Province; graduated from the Guangzhou Art Academy; lives and works in Yangjiang.", + "date": "b. 1970", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoWenliang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Wenliang", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter, founding member of Anonymous (No Name) Painting Group.", -"date": "active ca. 1960-1980", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengMinsheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zheng, Minsheng", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Cheng Min-sheng", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoXiaomo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Xiaomo", -"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Shanghai", -"date": "born 1949", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengShiwei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zheng, Shiwei", + "comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Chinese architect", + "date": "active after 2000", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoYan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Yan", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37y24 Alternate names: Chao Yen, 趙巖 Five dynasties Son-in-law of Emperor Taizu. Collector and connoisseur. Painted figures and horses. --Seymour", -"date": "d. 922", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengSixiao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zheng, Sixiao", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z43s55x26 Alternate names: Cheng Ssu-hsiao, 鄭思肖 Yuan dynasty From Fukien province, lived in Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Painted orchids. --Seymour ", + "date": "ca. 1240 - 1310", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoYannian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Yannian", -"comment": "Wachs, Iris; Half a Century of Chinese Woodblock Prints: From the Communist Revoltuion to the Open-Door Policy and Beyond, 1945-1998, Ein Harod (Israel): Museum of Art in Ein Harod, 1999. Zhao was born in Huzhou, Zhejiang. His special genius lies in psychological portraits,which often take writings of Lu Xun for his subjects.", -"date": "born 1924", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengTongxiao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zheng, Tongxiao", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Zheng was born in Daishan, Zhejiang Province. He also specializes in advertising design.", + "date": "born 1930", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoYong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Yong", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37y33 Alternate names: Chao Yung, 趙雍 Yuan dynasty (b Wuxing, Zhejiáng Province, 1289; d c. 1364). Son of (1) Zhao Mengfu. Because of his father’s high position at the court of the Mongol Yuan dynasty, Zhao Yong was early given an official position and continued to serve as an official throughout his life, eventually as a military commander in Wuxing. He probably died during the last years of the Yuan period (1279–1368), when a number of rebel armies contended with one another for control in the area of his command. Strongly influenced by his father, he was an accomplished painter of many subjects popular with masters of the early Yuan period, including landscape, horses, figures, palaces, and birds and flowers, and he was occasionally summoned to the Yuan court to paint. Among his surviving works the most notable are a number of landscape and horse paintings. One of the best known is Secluded Fishing among Streams and Mountains (hanging scroll on silk, Cleveland, OH, Dean Perry priv. col.), which depicts a gentleman fishing in a boat near trees and rocks in the foreground that are separated by an expanse of water from mountains in the distance. Similar compositional ideas, some without the fisherman, are also seen in a number of landscapes, executed on fans (e.g. Beijing, Pal. Mus. and Shenyang, Liaoning Prov. Mus.). These show the strong influence of the 10th-century artist Dong yuan: long, wavy, hemp-fibre strokes ( pima cun) are used to texture the rocks and mountains. Among his horse paintings, the most interesting is Noble Steeds (hanging scroll, 1352; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), which employs the Blue-and-green style that imitates the use of bright colours, mostly Blue-and-green, in Tang-period (ad 618–907) landscape painting, as an expression of admiration for archaic painting styles. A number of paintings depicting young gentlemen in red coats on horseback (e.g. Beijing, Pal. Mus. and Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) also seem to try to capture the elegance of the Tang period. Although all Zhao’s works, including collaborative works executed with other family members show his versatility, he was always overshadowed artistically by his father. --DOA", -"date": "ca. 1289 - ca.1362", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengWenlin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zheng, Wenlin", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. alternate names: Cheng Wen-lin; 郑文林", + "date": "active 16th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoYuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Yuan", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37y37 Alternate names: Chao Yuan, 趙原 Yuan dynasty From Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Painted landscapes in the style of Dong Huang, and bamboo. __Seymour", -"date": "ca. 1360 - 1375", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengWenying", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zheng, Wenying", + "comment": "Barnhart, Richard M; Painters of the great Ming: the Imperial Court and the Zhe School, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 1993. ", + "date": "first half 15th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoZheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Zheng", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengWuchang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zheng, Wuchang", + "comment": "Hai Shang hua pai (Masters of the Shanghai School), Taipei: Art Book Co., Ltd., 1985. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoZhiqian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Zhiqian", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37z44q24 Alternate names: Chao Chih-ch'ien, 趙之謙 Qing dynasty (b Kuaiji, Zhejiang Province, 8 Aug 1829; d Nancheng, Jiangxi Province, 18 Nov 1884). Chinese calligrapher, seal-carver, painter and scholar. After his example, it became common for artists to attempt to be competent in painting, calligraphy and seal-carving rather than to specialize in a single discipline. Zhao was one of the greatest artists of the late Qing period (1644–1911), although much of his work displays a disquiet and unbalanced awkwardness that conflicted with Chinese aesthetic values of the time. As a painter, Zhao specialized in plant life. His early work is characterized by soft, detailed brushwork and brilliant, translucent colours. Plants of Zhejiang (1861; Tokyo N. Mus., see Tokyo kukuritsu, p. 162), a set of four hanging scrolls, is one of his early masterpieces: each scroll shows an unusual choice of plants and flowers and an immense range of colours and techniques. In one of the scrolls, the clublike arms of a prickly pear cactus are drawn in wet colour, with thistles added in ink while the paint was still wet; next to this is a complicated web of arched oleander leaves. Against this manipulation of wet colour, with its subtly vibrating edges, the pink and white oleander flowers are opaque. The fact that each composition is cut by the border of the scroll and that many elements within the paintings are interwoven gives a sense that the plants are reaching beyond their confines and enhances the vitality of the work. In contrast, the colours in Zhao’s later paintings are muted; there is an increased use of ink, and the brushwork is more exaggerated. Flowering Plants on Four Scrolls (1874; Tokyo N. Mus.; see Tokyo kukuritsu, p. 164) is a set of four hanging scrolls from this later period. In the scroll that depicts lotus and reed, the colours are dull greens, browns and pale oranges; the use of ink is abundant. The speed of execution is much more rapid than in Zhao’s earlier works, with the result that it is the intensity of the brushwork that makes the greatest impact rather than the vitality of the plants represented. Shen Fucan (1799–1850) taught Zhao empirical methods of research known as kaozhengxue, based on verification of texts through ancient artefacts. This introduction led to his fascination with stelae, which he first copied in 1863 after one of many trips to take the national civil service examinations in Beijing. The stelae had a profound effect on his calligraphy, which hitherto had been soft and rounded. His work acquired a new angularity, and his brushwork became more forceful. This style, which drew its inspiration from stelae of the Northern Wei period (ad 386–534), became so popular that Kang Youwei identified Zhao as responsible for starting a mania. Towards the end of his life, however, Zhao was no longer concerned with assimilating the style of ancient stelae: his late calligraphy displays an angularity, asymmetry and natural movement unique to him. In a set of four hanging scrolls called Poems by Wu Zhen (undated; Tokyo N. Mus.) the individual strokes are blunt and plain, and the size and shape of each character vary constantly. Zhao has dispensed with the idea of distinct columns of characters and instead has fitted each character into its neighbour by expanding the size of the characters, writing them closer together and placing them on different levels. The brushwork is swift and uninhibited, and the overall effect is one of great freedom. Zhao’s early seals were characterized by a slightly wavering, uneven line that shows the influence of the conservative, archaistic tendencies popularized in the late Ming period by Wen Peng (1498–1573). By the late 1860s Zhao had developed his own style: his seals from this period are imaginative and varied in design, with great depth and power of line. In 1872, having put himself into debt to buy a position of expectant magistrate in Jiangxi Province, he arrived to find himself assigned to edit the local gazetteer. It was work that he detested, and Zhao’s dissatisfaction in his job coincided with the curtailment of his artistic activities. He held a succession of official posts until his death in 1884. --DOA", -"date": "1829 - 1884", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoZhunmin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Zhunmin", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Chao Chun-min ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengXie", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zheng, Xie", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z43x27 Alternate names: Cheng Hsieh, 鄭燮 Qing dynasty b Xinghua, Jiangsu Province, 1693; d 1765). Chinese painter, calligrapher and poet. Equally known as Zheng Banqiao, Zheng Xie was, together with Jin Nong, the most prominent of the group of painters referred to as the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou (see Yangzhou school). Although orphaned, he subsequently achieved some success in the official civil service examinations and obtained appointments as a local magistrate in Shandong Province. A brief encounter in 1748 on Mt Tai, Shandong, with the Qianlong emperor (reg 1736–96) won him the coveted title of Official Calligrapher and Painter (shuhuashi), for which he had a seal carved to commemorate the event. The end of his official career came in 1753, following a charge of corruption. After 1753 Zheng Xie led a comfortable life in Xinghua, thanks to his past land acquisitions, farming revenue and commissions from painting and calligraphy. To avoid unnecessary bargaining with his patrons, he posted his famous and highly unorthodox price list, which set the cost of commissioned works by size and at the same time discouraged bargain-hunters and those intent on socializing. A frequent visitor to the neighbouring commercial centre of Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, which he had known in his youth, he became inextricably bound up with its literary and artistic circles. His fame there endured so that even after his death, the possession of a painting or piece of calligraphy by him was considered to be a social prerequisite. Zheng Xie is known primarily for a limited range of painting themes, chiefly bamboo, orchids, and rocks and chrysanthemums. Few of his early works survive; of those that are extant the majority are dated after 1753. While acknowledging his debt to Xu Wei, Daoji and Gao Qipei, three of the most uninhibited artists in the history of Chinese painting, Zheng Xie nonetheless refused to work within the parameters that they set, as demonstrated by the screen painting Ink Bamboo (1753; Tokyo, N. Mus.) and the set of four hanging scrolls entitled Misty Bamboo on a Distant Mountain (see fig.). These works possess a formidable presence, at once bold, structured, poignant and luminous, and they represent a new apex in the art of bamboo painting. Such large, expressive works had few equals before or after, not even among Zheng Xie’s later paintings. These late works display a reductive approach, in which the artist pares all the elements down to the bare bones; there any concern for representation gives way to the sheer impetuosity of the brushstrokes. This phenomenon may be attributed to Zheng’s ever-increasing rate of production, as demands made by his admirers drained not only his energy but also inspiration. Zheng’s penchant for integrating calligraphy with painting to an extent previously unknown is seen in Ink Bamboo. The writing closely borders the bamboo cluster, asserts itself in the pictorial space and sets its own distinctive rhythm against the surging growth of the stems and leaves. In another painting, Cymbidiums, Bamboo and Fungi Growing from Rocks (1761; San Francisco, CA, Asian A. Mus.), the calligraphy is placed within the form of the rocks and is enclosed by them, so that, visually, it functions not in isolation, but is an integral part of the composition. In his calligraphy Zheng combined the running cursive (xingcao) script with bafen (‘eight tenths’) style, a sophisticated form of clerical script (lishu; see China, §IV, 2(vii)). This he named, albeit facetiously, liufenban (‘six and a half tenths’). Praise was heaped on his inscriptions on paintings not only for their calligraphic merit and because they shed light on the creative process, but also because they opened up new possibilities for social comment and criticism. A volume of such inscriptions, Banqiao tihua (‘Inscriptions on paintings by Banqiao’), was edited posthumously by an admirer, Qi Yu. Another compilation, Zheng Banqiao ji (‘Collected works of Zheng Banqiao’), comprises anthologies of his regular (shi) and irregular (ci) verses, his lyrics (daoqing) and a selection of letters to family members. Published between 1742 and 1749, these were written in his own inimitable calligraphy and cut into woodblocks by his follower, Situ Wengao. Paradoxically, Zheng Xie blended a libertine lifestyle with a homespun, Confucian morality and saw little conflict between them. He was cast as an eccentric due to his penchant for mixing with groups as varied as Chan Buddhist monks, Manchu guards and imperial scions as well as for his uninhibited venting of opinions. His acerbic wit, unconventional behaviour and compassion for the downtrodden, together with his artistic achievements, made him a legendary figure. See also China, §V, 3(vi). WRITINGS Qi Yu: ‘Banqiao tihua’ [Inscriptions on paintings by Zheng Xie], Meishu congshu [General collection of works on art] (Taipei, 1947), xvi/2, pp. 125–46 Zheng Banqiao ji [Collected works of Zheng Banqiao] (Shanghai, 1983) --DOA", + "date": "1693 - 1765", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoZongzao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Zongzao", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Jiangsu, member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association; alternate name: 赵宗藻 ", -"date": "born 1931", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengZhen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zheng, Zhen", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Hefei, Anhui Province; member of the Chinese Artists' Association, council member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association, professor of Anhui Normal University; alternate name: 郑震", + "date": "born 1922", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoZuo", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhao, Zuo", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z37z66 Alternate names: Chao Tso, 趙左 Ming dynasty (b ?Songjiang [in modern Shanghai Municipality], c. 1570; d ?Tangxi, West Lake region of Hangzhou, c. 1633). Chinese painter and theorist. Zhao studied painting under the landscape painter and calligrapher Song Xu and became the founder of the Yunjian school, one of two groups active in the Songjian region, near Shanghai, during the early 17th century (the other, the Huating school, was led by Dong qichang, the founder and theorist of the Orthodox school of painting). Zhao wrote a short text called Lun hua (‘Discussion of painting’), the first surviving text on landscape painting since the Xie shanshui jue (‘Secrets of describing landscape’), written by Huang Gongwang about three centuries earlier. The essay adheres to Huang’s concerns with dynamic force (shi), natural order (li) and the organization of mountain masses in long, continuous movements within the composition. Zhao Zuo’s text lacks the stern intellectual tone of Dong Qichang’s writing. It offers practical advice for the artist, such as how to sketch houses, trees and bridges in dry brushwork before developing the forms with wet ink, and includes advice on depicting figures, villages and temples, anecdotal elements not often found in Dong’s painting. Indeed, Yunjian school painting in general, and Zhao’s work in particular, is more representational, more relaxed and executed with softer brushstrokes and less dramatic tonal contrast than comparable Huating school works. The trees and earth masses in Zhao’s early painting (e.g. Landscape; hanging scroll, ink and light colours on paper; 1615; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) are rendered with an appreciation for natural growth and geological form rather than as parts of an analytical system of representation using a limited repertory of repeated forms, as in many works of the Orthodox school. The Bamboo Monastery (hanging scroll, ink and light colours on paper; Osaka, Mun. Mus. A.) shows Zhao’s tendency to leave white bands of reserve along the contours of earth and rock, allowing him to suggest complex recessions in depth. He depicted rocks in a decidedly non-Chinese fashion, using varying tones and highlights applied in short, broad strokes to create a sense of volume and weight. Zhao avoided extensive use of ink wash and the long, schematic texture strokes (cun) commonly found in literati painting (see China, §V, 4(ii)). Consequently, Zhao’s landscapes have structural clarity and a convincing interplay of light and shade; the overall effect is painterly, soft and somewhat closer to Western chiaroscuro than to traditional Chinese formalism. Scholars have suggested that European art, in the form of late 16th-century engraved book illustrations, might have influenced Zhao. Between 1612 and 1620, Zhao Zuo became increasingly drawn to the style of the Orthodox school. Although his own work of this period lacked the originality of his earlier paintings, the qualities of his best work—the soft treatment of forms, smoothly flowing masses, occasional naturalism and deft brushwork—continued to appear in the work of Yunjian school painters until the early 18th century. --Seymour", -"date": "active ca. 1600 - 1630", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengZiyan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zheng, Ziyan", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter, part of the No Name group and the Yuyuantan Lake School of Painting (yuyuantan huapai)", + "date": "born 1951 ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengDianxian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zheng, Dianxian", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z43d33x24 born in Fujian province; signed his paintings 'Dianxian' (Fallen Immortal) Alternate names: Cheng Tien-hsien, 鄭顛仙; Zheng Wenlin (proper name) Ming dynasty", -"date": "late 15th", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Zhiweng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhiweng", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z44w28 Alternate names: Chih-weng, 直翁 Song dynasty Chan Buddhist monk painter. Pupil of the famous Chan monk Zhique. --Seymour", + "date": "early 13th century ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengGuogu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zheng, Guogu", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Yangjiang, Guangdong Province; graduated from the Guangzhou Art Academy; lives and works in Yangjiang.", -"date": "b. 1970", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhongLi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhong, Li", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. alternate names: Chung Li; 钟礼", + "date": "active 15th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengMinsheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zheng, Minsheng", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Cheng Min-sheng", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhongYulong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhong, Yulong", + "comment": "Yang Xiaoneng; Tracing the Past, Drawing the Future: Master Ink Painters in Twentieth-Century China, Milan: Continents Editions, 2010. Chinese calligrapher, alternate names: Yuyun and Yongweng; native to Zhejiang Province where he was a teacher and an editor of the Zhejiang gazetteer. He specialized in the calligraphy style of ancient bronze vessel inscriptions.", + "date": "1880-1970", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengShiwei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zheng, Shiwei", -"comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Chinese architect", -"date": "active after 2000", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhongguoMeishubao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhongguo Meishubao", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese arts newspaper 'Fine Arts in China) of arts criticism and reporting", + "date": "founded in July 1985", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengSixiao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zheng, Sixiao", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z43s55x26 Alternate names: Cheng Ssu-hsiao, 鄭思肖 Yuan dynasty From Fukien province, lived in Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Painted orchids. --Seymour ", -"date": "ca. 1240 - 1310", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouChen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhou, Chen", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z46c38 Alternate names: Chou Ch'en, 周臣 Ming dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, c. 1470; d c. 1535). Chinese painter. Zhou Chen was a pre-eminent professional painter of the Ming period (1368–1644), alongside masters such as Dai Jin. Zhou learnt a conservative style based on Southern Song period (1127–1279) landscape painting from his teacher Chen Xian (1405–96), who specialized in the ‘plain-line’ (baimiao) technique of painting. Zhou later taught Tang Yin for whom Zhou is reported to have worked as a ‘ghost painter’, displaying his versatility. An example of Zhou Chen’s technically finished early style is North Sea (handscroll, early 16th century; Kansas City, MO, Nelson–Atkins Mus. A.; see fig.). The influence of 12th-century painting, such as Li Tang’s late works, made during the Southern Song period, can be seen in the strong diagonal composition and the juxtaposition of dark, intricate foliage against lighter eddies and whirlpools of the water. Similarly, the artist’s strict attention to details such as the outline of each leaf, the ‘axe-cut’ texture strokes ( fupi cun) on the rocks and the careful rendering of the figures are devices which properly belong to the 12th century, and they indicate the conservative tastes of Zhou’s early patrons. As Zhou became less dependent on Song models his style grew looser and more individual. Late Ming sources describe his brushwork as ‘free’ and done in a ‘running manner’, a technique in which the brush is not removed from the paper or silk between strokes, so that changes in stroke direction remain evident and the whole has a cursive quality. An example of his later style is Playing the Game Weiqi beneath Pines (1526; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). The attentuated pines that Zhou favours are even more drawn out, and the composition includes other characteristic motifs such as a traveller on a donkey, a servant and a figure holding a staff crossing a bridge. The water is rendered using the ‘fish-net’ pattern of undulating lines that accord with the texture and modelling strokes of foreground earth masses. In Enjoying the Dusk (handscroll, undated; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), the traditional distinction between the manner of rendering natural elements and figures has been eliminated. Compositional unity is achieved by means of brushstrokes rather than ink tones. The painting is characteristic of Zhou’s interest in giving greater emphasis to foreground figures. He is not greatly concerned with the rendering of earth masses, which had been a prominent feature in works by Song period academicians and would be a major concern of later painters inspired by the masters of the Yuan period (1279–1368). Instead, earth masses are often broadly defined and modelled with dots of ink (dian) representing vegetation. The serpentine branches of the foreground pine trees are sometimes indistinguishable from the peaks of the middleground mountains, and their loose contours are echoed in the twisting shapes of the mist. Zhou Chen’s technical expertise and his concern for fluid contour lines appear once again in a set of album leaves (1516), now mounted in two handscrolls, Beggars and Street Characters (Honolulu, HI, Acad. A. and Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.). It consists of a series of portrayals of the poor and underprivileged whom the artist, as he records in an accompanying inscription, often saw in the streets and markets. In the original album format leaves were mounted so as to present the figures in pairs, emphasizing similarities in costume and posture. The drawing is energetic, the angular brushstrokes are ideally suited to the description of the tattered clothes and grimacing faces of Zhou’s subjects. These figures are not the idealized depictions of contented, carefree fishermen and woodgatherers typical of many Chinese genre paintings; they are sympathetic images of urban poor, a subject usually considered vulgar by literati painters and collectors. Perhaps due to the narrow taste of later critics and collectors, such images are rare in Chinese painting, and no other examples of such sensitive and skilful rendering of anatomy exist among Zhou’s oeuvre. --DOA", + "date": "ca. 1500 - 1535", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengTongxiao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zheng, Tongxiao", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. Zheng was born in Daishan, Zhejiang Province. He also specializes in advertising design.", -"date": "born 1930", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouChunya", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhou, Chunya", + "comment": "China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. Chinese painter, born in Chongqing, Sichuan province; graduated 1982 from the Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts; 1988 from the Kassel Academy of Fine art, Kassel, Germany.", + "date": "b. 1955", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengWenlin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zheng, Wenlin", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. alternate names: Cheng Wen-lin; 郑文林", -"date": "active 16th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouDongqing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhou, Dongqing", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z46d38q29 Alternate names: Chou Tung-ch'ing, 周東卿 Yuan dynasty Friend of famous scholar-loyalist Wen Tianxiang. Painted fish. --Seymour", + "date": "late Song - early Yuan ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengWenying", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zheng, Wenying", -"comment": "Barnhart, Richard M; Painters of the great Ming: the Imperial Court and the Zhe School, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 1993. ", -"date": "first half 15th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouFang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhou, Fang", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z46f24 Alternate names: Chou Fang, 周昉 Tang dynasty (b Chang’an (now Xi’an), Shaanxi Province; fl c. ad 765–800). Chinese painter. He was active at the Tang dynasty (618–907) court in the capital, Chang’an, after the An Lushan Rebellion (756). He painted both religious and secular figures but is particularly associated with the depiction of palace ladies (see also China, §V, 3(vii)), a genre in which he is considered peerless. He was reportedly of noble birth. His father served as a Master of Ceremonies in a princely household and then as Investigating Censor. Between 766 and 779 under Emperor Daizong (reg 762–79), Zhou Fang served as an administrator of Yuezhou (modern Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province); not long after, he held the position of administrative aide in Xuanzhou (modern Xuancheng, Anhui Province). From Xuanzhou, Zhou Fang seems to have returned to the capital. In his time, Zhou Fang was celebrated as a painter of religious subjects, particularly the ‘water-and-moon Guanyin’, a version of the bodhisattva Guanyin (Skt Avalokiteshvara); most famously, he was commissioned by Emperor Dezong (reg 780–805) to paint the walls of the Zhangqing temple. As regards secular subjects, Zhang Yanyuan wrote in 847 that Zhou avoided all those pertaining to rustic village life, and Zhu Jingxuan, another near-contemporary critic, stated flatly that Zhou’s paintings of gentlewomen were unsurpassed in any age. Zhou’s painting style in this genre was closely based upon that of his predecessor, Zhang xuan ( fl c. 714–42). Although Zhou Fang is said eventually to have attained a degree of independence from his mentor, it is difficult to identify significant, if any, differences between the two artists; even by the mid-11th century there was confusion between their styles. To judge from painting titles, however, it seems that Zhou Fang added degrees of subtlety and complexity to the genre: perhaps humour and drama in his Yang Guifei’s Pet Cockatoo Upsetting the Backgammon Board, or poignancy in his sketch Lonely Wife Playing a Tune. Zhou’s ability to capture the subtleties of his subjects’ expressions and mannerisms is expressed in a well-known anecdote. An official named Zhao Zong had his portrait painted by both Zhou and Han Gan. Zhao’s wife praised both paintings but chose Zhou’s as the better, remarking that Han Gan’s portrait had caught only the likeness of her husband whereas Zhou’s ‘conveys his spirit as well, and has caught his mood and the way he looks when he smiles and talks’. Important paintings attributed to Zhou Fang include Palace Ladies with Fans (Beijing, Pal. Mus.), Palace Ladies Performing Music (priv. col.; see Wang Shih-chieh and others, p. 3) and Ladies Playing Double Sixes (Washington, DC, Freer). These, together with the anonymous Palace Concert (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), though not of a single hand, form a distinctive group. The arrangement and interaction of figures are deliberate, defining the ambience of the environment. For example in Ladies Playing Double Sixes a small group forms a circle, creating an intense focus on the hands of the two players. As individuals, Zhou’s figures convey a very subtle variety of emotions and personalities. The range of expressions on the faces of the musicians in Palace Ladies Performing Music reflects a distinct appreciation for each performer’s approach to her instrument, and in Palace Ladies with Fans a mistress, leisurely seated at a dais with head on fan, is portrayed deep in thought, dreaming sadly of life outside the gilded cage. Ladies with Flowered Coiffures is the finest of the paintings attributed to Zhou Fang. In a palace garden setting stroll five elegant and beautiful ladies, dressed in sweeping robes of patterned silk and with lotus, peonies and cherry or apple blossom arrayed in their high coiffures. The last lady, standing by a garden rock and flowering magnolia, holding in one hand a captured butterfly by its wings and looking down at a small bounding dog, is the epitome of grace and delicacy. The painting illustrates Zhou’s fine, even-line technique spoken of by Mi Fu and the ‘soft yet bright coloration’ mentioned by Zhang Yanyuan. Although the description of the figures differs slightly from that in other paintings ascribed to Zhou Fang, details of dress and adornment favour an attribution to him: from the short, tilted eyebrows to the wide, flowing sleeves, these beauties exhibit the latest styles and fashions of the Zhenyuan reign (785–804). Zhou Fang’s influence was strong and widespread. Even in the early 9th century, an emissary from Korea paid high prices for Zhou’s paintings. Among the better-known followers of Zhou Fang were Zhou wenju in the 10th century and Su hanchen in the 12th century. --DOA", + "date": "730 - 800", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengWuchang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zheng, Wuchang", -"comment": "Hai Shang hua pai (Masters of the Shanghai School), Taipei: Art Book Co., Ltd., 1985. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouJichang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhou, Jichang", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z46j24c35 Alternate names: Chou Chi-ch'ang, 周季常 Song dynasty Two obscure painters of Ningbo, for instance, Zhou Jichang and Lin Tinggui (neither of them Chan Buddhists), responded in 1178 to a commission from Japan to produce the set of 100 hanging scrolls representing 500 arhats (all but 12 in Shinjuan, Daitokuji, Kyoto); they were painted in a style then current in the imperial academy in nearby Lin’an (modern Hangzhou). --DOA", + "date": "active ca. 1160 - 1188", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengXie", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zheng, Xie", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z43x27 Alternate names: Cheng Hsieh, 鄭燮 Qing dynasty b Xinghua, Jiangsu Province, 1693; d 1765). Chinese painter, calligrapher and poet. Equally known as Zheng Banqiao, Zheng Xie was, together with Jin Nong, the most prominent of the group of painters referred to as the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou (see Yangzhou school). Although orphaned, he subsequently achieved some success in the official civil service examinations and obtained appointments as a local magistrate in Shandong Province. A brief encounter in 1748 on Mt Tai, Shandong, with the Qianlong emperor (reg 1736–96) won him the coveted title of Official Calligrapher and Painter (shuhuashi), for which he had a seal carved to commemorate the event. The end of his official career came in 1753, following a charge of corruption. After 1753 Zheng Xie led a comfortable life in Xinghua, thanks to his past land acquisitions, farming revenue and commissions from painting and calligraphy. To avoid unnecessary bargaining with his patrons, he posted his famous and highly unorthodox price list, which set the cost of commissioned works by size and at the same time discouraged bargain-hunters and those intent on socializing. A frequent visitor to the neighbouring commercial centre of Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, which he had known in his youth, he became inextricably bound up with its literary and artistic circles. His fame there endured so that even after his death, the possession of a painting or piece of calligraphy by him was considered to be a social prerequisite. Zheng Xie is known primarily for a limited range of painting themes, chiefly bamboo, orchids, and rocks and chrysanthemums. Few of his early works survive; of those that are extant the majority are dated after 1753. While acknowledging his debt to Xu Wei, Daoji and Gao Qipei, three of the most uninhibited artists in the history of Chinese painting, Zheng Xie nonetheless refused to work within the parameters that they set, as demonstrated by the screen painting Ink Bamboo (1753; Tokyo, N. Mus.) and the set of four hanging scrolls entitled Misty Bamboo on a Distant Mountain (see fig.). These works possess a formidable presence, at once bold, structured, poignant and luminous, and they represent a new apex in the art of bamboo painting. Such large, expressive works had few equals before or after, not even among Zheng Xie’s later paintings. These late works display a reductive approach, in which the artist pares all the elements down to the bare bones; there any concern for representation gives way to the sheer impetuosity of the brushstrokes. This phenomenon may be attributed to Zheng’s ever-increasing rate of production, as demands made by his admirers drained not only his energy but also inspiration. Zheng’s penchant for integrating calligraphy with painting to an extent previously unknown is seen in Ink Bamboo. The writing closely borders the bamboo cluster, asserts itself in the pictorial space and sets its own distinctive rhythm against the surging growth of the stems and leaves. In another painting, Cymbidiums, Bamboo and Fungi Growing from Rocks (1761; San Francisco, CA, Asian A. Mus.), the calligraphy is placed within the form of the rocks and is enclosed by them, so that, visually, it functions not in isolation, but is an integral part of the composition. In his calligraphy Zheng combined the running cursive (xingcao) script with bafen (‘eight tenths’) style, a sophisticated form of clerical script (lishu; see China, §IV, 2(vii)). This he named, albeit facetiously, liufenban (‘six and a half tenths’). Praise was heaped on his inscriptions on paintings not only for their calligraphic merit and because they shed light on the creative process, but also because they opened up new possibilities for social comment and criticism. A volume of such inscriptions, Banqiao tihua (‘Inscriptions on paintings by Banqiao’), was edited posthumously by an admirer, Qi Yu. Another compilation, Zheng Banqiao ji (‘Collected works of Zheng Banqiao’), comprises anthologies of his regular (shi) and irregular (ci) verses, his lyrics (daoqing) and a selection of letters to family members. Published between 1742 and 1749, these were written in his own inimitable calligraphy and cut into woodblocks by his follower, Situ Wengao. Paradoxically, Zheng Xie blended a libertine lifestyle with a homespun, Confucian morality and saw little conflict between them. He was cast as an eccentric due to his penchant for mixing with groups as varied as Chan Buddhist monks, Manchu guards and imperial scions as well as for his uninhibited venting of opinions. His acerbic wit, unconventional behaviour and compassion for the downtrodden, together with his artistic achievements, made him a legendary figure. See also China, §V, 3(vi). WRITINGS Qi Yu: ‘Banqiao tihua’ [Inscriptions on paintings by Zheng Xie], Meishu congshu [General collection of works on art] (Taipei, 1947), xvi/2, pp. 125–46 Zheng Banqiao ji [Collected works of Zheng Banqiao] (Shanghai, 1983) --DOA", -"date": "1693 - 1765", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouMaiyou", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhou, Maiyou", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter.", + "date": "active ca. 1980", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengZhen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zheng, Zhen", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. born in Hefei, Anhui Province; member of the Chinese Artists' Association, council member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association, professor of Anhui Normal University; alternate name: 郑震", -"date": "born 1922", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouRuizhuang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhou, Ruizhuang", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhengZiyan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zheng, Ziyan", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter, part of the No Name group and the Yuyuantan Lake School of Painting (yuyuantan huapai)", -"date": "born 1951 ", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouShenghua", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhou, Shenghua", + "comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Shuangcheng, Heilongjiang province", + "date": "1949-2000", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Zhiweng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhiweng", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z44w28 Alternate names: Chih-weng, 直翁 Song dynasty Chan Buddhist monk painter. Pupil of the famous Chan monk Zhique. --Seymour", -"date": "early 13th century ", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouShuqiao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhou, Shuqiao", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhongLi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhong, Li", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. alternate names: Chung Li; 钟礼", -"date": "active 15th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhongYulong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhong, Yulong", -"comment": "Yang Xiaoneng; Tracing the Past, Drawing the Future: Master Ink Painters in Twentieth-Century China, Milan: Continents Editions, 2010. Chinese calligrapher, alternate names: Yuyun and Yongweng; native to Zhejiang Province where he was a teacher and an editor of the Zhejiang gazetteer. He specialized in the calligraphy style of ancient bronze vessel inscriptions.", -"date": "1880-1970", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouSicong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhou, Sicong", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhongguoMeishubao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhongguo Meishubao", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese arts newspaper 'Fine Arts in China) of arts criticism and reporting", -"date": "founded in July 1985", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouChen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhou, Chen", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z46c38 Alternate names: Chou Ch'en, 周臣 Ming dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, c. 1470; d c. 1535). Chinese painter. Zhou Chen was a pre-eminent professional painter of the Ming period (1368–1644), alongside masters such as Dai Jin. Zhou learnt a conservative style based on Southern Song period (1127–1279) landscape painting from his teacher Chen Xian (1405–96), who specialized in the ‘plain-line’ (baimiao) technique of painting. Zhou later taught Tang Yin for whom Zhou is reported to have worked as a ‘ghost painter’, displaying his versatility. An example of Zhou Chen’s technically finished early style is North Sea (handscroll, early 16th century; Kansas City, MO, Nelson–Atkins Mus. A.; see fig.). The influence of 12th-century painting, such as Li Tang’s late works, made during the Southern Song period, can be seen in the strong diagonal composition and the juxtaposition of dark, intricate foliage against lighter eddies and whirlpools of the water. Similarly, the artist’s strict attention to details such as the outline of each leaf, the ‘axe-cut’ texture strokes ( fupi cun) on the rocks and the careful rendering of the figures are devices which properly belong to the 12th century, and they indicate the conservative tastes of Zhou’s early patrons. As Zhou became less dependent on Song models his style grew looser and more individual. Late Ming sources describe his brushwork as ‘free’ and done in a ‘running manner’, a technique in which the brush is not removed from the paper or silk between strokes, so that changes in stroke direction remain evident and the whole has a cursive quality. An example of his later style is Playing the Game Weiqi beneath Pines (1526; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). The attentuated pines that Zhou favours are even more drawn out, and the composition includes other characteristic motifs such as a traveller on a donkey, a servant and a figure holding a staff crossing a bridge. The water is rendered using the ‘fish-net’ pattern of undulating lines that accord with the texture and modelling strokes of foreground earth masses. In Enjoying the Dusk (handscroll, undated; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), the traditional distinction between the manner of rendering natural elements and figures has been eliminated. Compositional unity is achieved by means of brushstrokes rather than ink tones. The painting is characteristic of Zhou’s interest in giving greater emphasis to foreground figures. He is not greatly concerned with the rendering of earth masses, which had been a prominent feature in works by Song period academicians and would be a major concern of later painters inspired by the masters of the Yuan period (1279–1368). Instead, earth masses are often broadly defined and modelled with dots of ink (dian) representing vegetation. The serpentine branches of the foreground pine trees are sometimes indistinguishable from the peaks of the middleground mountains, and their loose contours are echoed in the twisting shapes of the mist. Zhou Chen’s technical expertise and his concern for fluid contour lines appear once again in a set of album leaves (1516), now mounted in two handscrolls, Beggars and Street Characters (Honolulu, HI, Acad. A. and Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.). It consists of a series of portrayals of the poor and underprivileged whom the artist, as he records in an accompanying inscription, often saw in the streets and markets. In the original album format leaves were mounted so as to present the figures in pairs, emphasizing similarities in costume and posture. The drawing is energetic, the angular brushstrokes are ideally suited to the description of the tattered clothes and grimacing faces of Zhou’s subjects. These figures are not the idealized depictions of contented, carefree fishermen and woodgatherers typical of many Chinese genre paintings; they are sympathetic images of urban poor, a subject usually considered vulgar by literati painters and collectors. Perhaps due to the narrow taste of later critics and collectors, such images are rare in Chinese painting, and no other examples of such sensitive and skilful rendering of anatomy exist among Zhou’s oeuvre. --DOA", -"date": "ca. 1500 - 1535", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouTang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhou, Tang", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z46t25 Alternate names: Chou T'ang, 周棠 Qing dynasty From Zhejiang province. Painted landscapes, flowers and trees in the style of Zhen Chun. --Seymour", + "date": "1806 - 1876", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouChunya", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhou, Chunya", -"comment": "China's New Art, post-1989, with a Retrospective from 1979-1989, Hong Kong: Hanart TZ Gallery, 1993. Chinese painter, born in Chongqing, Sichuan province; graduated 1982 from the Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts; 1988 from the Kassel Academy of Fine art, Kassel, Germany.", -"date": "b. 1955", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouTiehai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhou, Tiehai", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Shanghai", + "date": "b. 1966", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouDongqing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhou, Dongqing", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z46d38q29 Alternate names: Chou Tung-ch'ing, 周東卿 Yuan dynasty Friend of famous scholar-loyalist Wen Tianxiang. Painted fish. --Seymour", -"date": "late Song - early Yuan ", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouWei", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhou, Wei", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z46w26 Alternate names: Chou Wei, 周位 Ming dynasty From Jiangsu province. Painted landscapes. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 1368 - 1398", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouFang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhou, Fang", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z46f24 Alternate names: Chou Fang, 周昉 Tang dynasty (b Chang’an (now Xi’an), Shaanxi Province; fl c. ad 765–800). Chinese painter. He was active at the Tang dynasty (618–907) court in the capital, Chang’an, after the An Lushan Rebellion (756). He painted both religious and secular figures but is particularly associated with the depiction of palace ladies (see also China, §V, 3(vii)), a genre in which he is considered peerless. He was reportedly of noble birth. His father served as a Master of Ceremonies in a princely household and then as Investigating Censor. Between 766 and 779 under Emperor Daizong (reg 762–79), Zhou Fang served as an administrator of Yuezhou (modern Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province); not long after, he held the position of administrative aide in Xuanzhou (modern Xuancheng, Anhui Province). From Xuanzhou, Zhou Fang seems to have returned to the capital. In his time, Zhou Fang was celebrated as a painter of religious subjects, particularly the ‘water-and-moon Guanyin’, a version of the bodhisattva Guanyin (Skt Avalokiteshvara); most famously, he was commissioned by Emperor Dezong (reg 780–805) to paint the walls of the Zhangqing temple. As regards secular subjects, Zhang Yanyuan wrote in 847 that Zhou avoided all those pertaining to rustic village life, and Zhu Jingxuan, another near-contemporary critic, stated flatly that Zhou’s paintings of gentlewomen were unsurpassed in any age. Zhou’s painting style in this genre was closely based upon that of his predecessor, Zhang xuan ( fl c. 714–42). Although Zhou Fang is said eventually to have attained a degree of independence from his mentor, it is difficult to identify significant, if any, differences between the two artists; even by the mid-11th century there was confusion between their styles. To judge from painting titles, however, it seems that Zhou Fang added degrees of subtlety and complexity to the genre: perhaps humour and drama in his Yang Guifei’s Pet Cockatoo Upsetting the Backgammon Board, or poignancy in his sketch Lonely Wife Playing a Tune. Zhou’s ability to capture the subtleties of his subjects’ expressions and mannerisms is expressed in a well-known anecdote. An official named Zhao Zong had his portrait painted by both Zhou and Han Gan. Zhao’s wife praised both paintings but chose Zhou’s as the better, remarking that Han Gan’s portrait had caught only the likeness of her husband whereas Zhou’s ‘conveys his spirit as well, and has caught his mood and the way he looks when he smiles and talks’. Important paintings attributed to Zhou Fang include Palace Ladies with Fans (Beijing, Pal. Mus.), Palace Ladies Performing Music (priv. col.; see Wang Shih-chieh and others, p. 3) and Ladies Playing Double Sixes (Washington, DC, Freer). These, together with the anonymous Palace Concert (Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.), though not of a single hand, form a distinctive group. The arrangement and interaction of figures are deliberate, defining the ambience of the environment. For example in Ladies Playing Double Sixes a small group forms a circle, creating an intense focus on the hands of the two players. As individuals, Zhou’s figures convey a very subtle variety of emotions and personalities. The range of expressions on the faces of the musicians in Palace Ladies Performing Music reflects a distinct appreciation for each performer’s approach to her instrument, and in Palace Ladies with Fans a mistress, leisurely seated at a dais with head on fan, is portrayed deep in thought, dreaming sadly of life outside the gilded cage. Ladies with Flowered Coiffures is the finest of the paintings attributed to Zhou Fang. In a palace garden setting stroll five elegant and beautiful ladies, dressed in sweeping robes of patterned silk and with lotus, peonies and cherry or apple blossom arrayed in their high coiffures. The last lady, standing by a garden rock and flowering magnolia, holding in one hand a captured butterfly by its wings and looking down at a small bounding dog, is the epitome of grace and delicacy. The painting illustrates Zhou’s fine, even-line technique spoken of by Mi Fu and the ‘soft yet bright coloration’ mentioned by Zhang Yanyuan. Although the description of the figures differs slightly from that in other paintings ascribed to Zhou Fang, details of dress and adornment favour an attribution to him: from the short, tilted eyebrows to the wide, flowing sleeves, these beauties exhibit the latest styles and fashions of the Zhenyuan reign (785–804). Zhou Fang’s influence was strong and widespread. Even in the early 9th century, an emissary from Korea paid high prices for Zhou’s paintings. Among the better-known followers of Zhou Fang were Zhou wenju in the 10th century and Su hanchen in the 12th century. --DOA", -"date": "730 - 800", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouWende", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhou, Wende", + "comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Chou Wen-teh", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouJichang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhou, Jichang", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z46j24c35 Alternate names: Chou Chi-ch'ang, 周季常 Song dynasty Two obscure painters of Ningbo, for instance, Zhou Jichang and Lin Tinggui (neither of them Chan Buddhists), responded in 1178 to a commission from Japan to produce the set of 100 hanging scrolls representing 500 arhats (all but 12 in Shinjuan, Daitokuji, Kyoto); they were painted in a style then current in the imperial academy in nearby Lin’an (modern Hangzhou). --DOA", -"date": "active ca. 1160 - 1188", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouWenjing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhou, Wenjing", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z46w27j33 Alternate names: Chou Wen-ching, 周文靖 Ming dynasty From Fujian province. Court painter. --DOA", + "date": "ca. 1430 - 1460", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouMaiyou", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhou, Maiyou", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter.", -"date": "active ca. 1980", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouWenju", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhou, Wenju", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z46w27j36 Alternate names: Chou Wen-chü, 周文秬 Five dynasties (b Jurong, near modern Nanjing, Jiangsu Province; fl ad 942–61). Chinese painter. He served as a daizhao (painter in attendance) at the Painting Academy of the Southern Tang court (ad 937–75). He may first have become prominent during the reign of the emperor Li Bian (937–43), when it is recorded that he was ordered to paint the Nanzhuang (Southern Village), though Guo Ruoxu dates this event to between 961 and 975. He participated in executing a joint work at the banquet held by the ruler, Li Jing (reg 943–61), on New Year’s day, 947. He was probably dead before the Song (960–1279) conquered the Southern Tang, since he is not recorded among the painters of the Southern Tang entering the Song Painting Academy. Zhou was known for his brushwork of the zhanbi (‘tremulous brush’) type, probably a method to render the fluttering quality of silken garments. According to the Xuanhe huapu (‘Xuanhe collection of painting’; preface dated 1120) he learnt the zhanbi technique from Li Yu (reg 961–75), famous for his calligraphy in this manner. This is unlikely, however, since Zhou was a well-established painter 20 years before Li Yu ascended the throne. Early sources record that Zhou was a versatile painter, accomplished in depicting figures, carriages and horses, architecture, trees, mountains and rivers, and excelling in female beauties. In paintings of the latter he reportedly worked in the manner of the Tang (ad 618–907) painter Zhou fang ‘but still more delicately’. According to Mi Fu, Zhou Wenju’s paintings of female beauties are distinguished from Zhou Fang’s by the use of zhanbi in the outline of garments; according to Guo Ruoxu, however, they do not feature zhanbi. The majority of paintings attributed to Zhou Wenju are in this genre, the most important being Ladies of the Court (Gongzhong tu; sections at Cambridge, MA, Fogg; Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.; Florence, I Tatti; and New York, Met.). A colophon of 1140 by Zhang Zheng, mounted with the Cleveland scroll, states that it is a copy of a painting by Zhou Wenju. The work is in the tradition of Zhou Fang, but the faded colouring contrasts with the clear hues of early genre paintings and may mirror the taste of the copyist. The four known sections of the composition were executed by at least two different hands. While the scrolls in Cleveland and Florence show no trace of zhanbi, the other two feature a slight tremble in the lines of the garments. The figures are tightly organized and naturally rendered; situations in court life are depicted in a lively manner. The minimal setting is an archaic feature. Zhou was also an accomplished portrait painter. The Double Screen (Chongping tu) is a well-documented composition (good copies in Washington, DC, Freer, and Beijing, Pal. Mus.) showing two men playing weiqi (chess), with two others watching. The figures have been identified as the ruler Li Jing and his three brothers. Behind them, a painted screen depicts an interior scene containing yet another painted screen; this format gives the scroll its name. Painted screens in interior scenes, typical in paintings of this period, reflect an interest in the nature of art. The Double Screen composition features an extensive use of zhanbi; in the Beijing version it is particularly mannered and possibly exaggerated compared to the original. The composition exemplifies the fine quality of Southern Tang genre paintings. The refined life at court is depicted with a sense for telling detail, and the figures are grouped in tight interplay. Three other portraits by Zhou, of the ruler Li Yu, are recorded in the Xuanhe huapu. It seems that in his early years, however, Zhou’s portraiture was less highly esteemed than his figure painting. In the New Year’s day joint work of 947 the privilege of painting the ruler, Li Jung, was conceded to Gao Taichong, whereas Zhou was responsible for the imperial princes, officials and musicians (probably a female orchestra). Zhou Wenju, Wang Qihan ( fl 961–75) and Gu Hongzhong ( fl c. 943–60), all prominent figure painters at the Jiangnan (southern) Court, gradually made figure painting a more psychologically subtle art form. They placed figures in more natural groups, as in Ladies Bathing Children, and used interior details to add realism. The influence of these artists is clearly visible in depictions of court life by Song-period masters. --DOA", + "date": "ca. 961 - 975", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouRuizhuang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhou, Ruizhuang", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouXian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhou, Xian", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouShenghua", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhou, Shenghua", -"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Shuangcheng, Heilongjiang province", -"date": "1949-2000", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouShuqiao", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhou, Shuqiao", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouXiaohu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhou, Xiaohu", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province; graduated 1989 from the Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts, Chongqing.", + "date": "b. 1960", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouSicong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhou, Sicong", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouYan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhou, Yan", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", + "date": "active late 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouTang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhou, Tang", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z46t25 Alternate names: Chou T'ang, 周棠 Qing dynasty From Zhejiang province. Painted landscapes, flowers and trees in the style of Zhen Chun. --Seymour", -"date": "1806 - 1876", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouYiqing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhou, Yiqing", + "comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Wuxi, Jiangsu province", + "date": "born 1952", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouTiehai", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhou, Tiehai", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Shanghai", -"date": "b. 1966", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouYu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhou, Yu", + "comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Chinese architect", + "date": "active 2000-", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouWei", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhou, Wei", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z46w26 Alternate names: Chou Wei, 周位 Ming dynasty From Jiangsu province. Painted landscapes. --Seymour", -"date": "ca. 1368 - 1398", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouZhenqing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhou, Zhenqing", + "comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", + "date": "active mid 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouWende", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhou, Wende", -"comment": "Fine Arts Collection Section of the Cultural Group Under the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Peasant Paintings from Huhien County , Beijing: Foreign Languages Press , 1974. alternate name: Chou Wen-teh", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouZhimian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhou, Zhimian", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z46z44m33 Alternate names: Chou Chih-mien, 周之冕 Ming dynasty From Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Painted flowers and birds, followed Zhen Shun and Lu Zhi. Calligraphy in official script style. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 1580 - 1610", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouWenjing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhou, Wenjing", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z46w27j33 Alternate names: Chou Wen-ching, 周文靖 Ming dynasty From Fujian province. Court painter. --DOA", -"date": "ca. 1430 - 1460", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuBang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhu, Bang", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z47b25 Alternate names: Chu Pang, 朱邦 Ming dynasty From Anhui province. Painted landscapes and figures, followed Zhang Lu. --Seymour Zhe School: Others who followed Wu Wei, generally with less originality, were Jiang Song, a native of Nanjing, Zhu Bang from Anhui, and Chen Zihe and Zheng Wenlin from Fujian. These artists have usually been regarded by both Chinese and foreign writers as signalling a period of decline of the Zhe school, although some revisionist writers have challenged this view. --DOA", + "date": "ca. 1522 - 1566", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouWenju", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhou, Wenju", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z46w27j36 Alternate names: Chou Wen-chü, 周文秬 Five dynasties (b Jurong, near modern Nanjing, Jiangsu Province; fl ad 942–61). Chinese painter. He served as a daizhao (painter in attendance) at the Painting Academy of the Southern Tang court (ad 937–75). He may first have become prominent during the reign of the emperor Li Bian (937–43), when it is recorded that he was ordered to paint the Nanzhuang (Southern Village), though Guo Ruoxu dates this event to between 961 and 975. He participated in executing a joint work at the banquet held by the ruler, Li Jing (reg 943–61), on New Year’s day, 947. He was probably dead before the Song (960–1279) conquered the Southern Tang, since he is not recorded among the painters of the Southern Tang entering the Song Painting Academy. Zhou was known for his brushwork of the zhanbi (‘tremulous brush’) type, probably a method to render the fluttering quality of silken garments. According to the Xuanhe huapu (‘Xuanhe collection of painting’; preface dated 1120) he learnt the zhanbi technique from Li Yu (reg 961–75), famous for his calligraphy in this manner. This is unlikely, however, since Zhou was a well-established painter 20 years before Li Yu ascended the throne. Early sources record that Zhou was a versatile painter, accomplished in depicting figures, carriages and horses, architecture, trees, mountains and rivers, and excelling in female beauties. In paintings of the latter he reportedly worked in the manner of the Tang (ad 618–907) painter Zhou fang ‘but still more delicately’. According to Mi Fu, Zhou Wenju’s paintings of female beauties are distinguished from Zhou Fang’s by the use of zhanbi in the outline of garments; according to Guo Ruoxu, however, they do not feature zhanbi. The majority of paintings attributed to Zhou Wenju are in this genre, the most important being Ladies of the Court (Gongzhong tu; sections at Cambridge, MA, Fogg; Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.; Florence, I Tatti; and New York, Met.). A colophon of 1140 by Zhang Zheng, mounted with the Cleveland scroll, states that it is a copy of a painting by Zhou Wenju. The work is in the tradition of Zhou Fang, but the faded colouring contrasts with the clear hues of early genre paintings and may mirror the taste of the copyist. The four known sections of the composition were executed by at least two different hands. While the scrolls in Cleveland and Florence show no trace of zhanbi, the other two feature a slight tremble in the lines of the garments. The figures are tightly organized and naturally rendered; situations in court life are depicted in a lively manner. The minimal setting is an archaic feature. Zhou was also an accomplished portrait painter. The Double Screen (Chongping tu) is a well-documented composition (good copies in Washington, DC, Freer, and Beijing, Pal. Mus.) showing two men playing weiqi (chess), with two others watching. The figures have been identified as the ruler Li Jing and his three brothers. Behind them, a painted screen depicts an interior scene containing yet another painted screen; this format gives the scroll its name. Painted screens in interior scenes, typical in paintings of this period, reflect an interest in the nature of art. The Double Screen composition features an extensive use of zhanbi; in the Beijing version it is particularly mannered and possibly exaggerated compared to the original. The composition exemplifies the fine quality of Southern Tang genre paintings. The refined life at court is depicted with a sense for telling detail, and the figures are grouped in tight interplay. Three other portraits by Zhou, of the ruler Li Yu, are recorded in the Xuanhe huapu. It seems that in his early years, however, Zhou’s portraiture was less highly esteemed than his figure painting. In the New Year’s day joint work of 947 the privilege of painting the ruler, Li Jung, was conceded to Gao Taichong, whereas Zhou was responsible for the imperial princes, officials and musicians (probably a female orchestra). Zhou Wenju, Wang Qihan ( fl 961–75) and Gu Hongzhong ( fl c. 943–60), all prominent figure painters at the Jiangnan (southern) Court, gradually made figure painting a more psychologically subtle art form. They placed figures in more natural groups, as in Ladies Bathing Children, and used interior details to add realism. The influence of these artists is clearly visible in depictions of court life by Song-period masters. --DOA", -"date": "ca. 961 - 975", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuCheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhu, Cheng", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouXian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhou, Xian", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouXiaohu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhou, Xiaohu", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province; graduated 1989 from the Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts, Chongqing.", -"date": "b. 1960", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuCizhong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhu, Cizhong", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z47c55h33 Alternate names: Chu Tz'u-chung, 祝次仲 Song dynasty From Taiping, Anhui province. Painted landscapes. Calligraphy in grass script style. --Seymour", + "date": "ca. 12th century ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouYan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhou, Yan", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese artist", -"date": "active late 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuDanian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhu, Danian", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese mural and ceramic painter", + "date": "1916-1995", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouYiqing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhou, Yiqing", -"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Wuxi, Jiangsu province", -"date": "born 1952", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuDiezhuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhu, Diezhuan", + "comment": "Nebiolo, Gino; La Cina dei Cinesi, Ivrea: Priuli & Verlucca, 1973. Chinese peasant painter during the Cultural Revolution", + "date": "active ca. 1970", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouYu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhou, Yu", -"comment": "Fang Zhenming; Heart-Made: the Cutting Edge of Chinese Contemporary Architecture, Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2009. Chinese architect", -"date": "active 2000-", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuDuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhu, Duan", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z47d43 Alternate names: Chu Tuan, 朱端 Ming dynasty (b Haiyan, Zhejiang Province; fl c. 1501–21). Chinese painter. He probably began his artistic career as a minor court painter in the latter part of the reign of the Hongzhi emperor (reg 1488–1505); one of his paintings, dated 1501, bears a seal indicating that he had been summoned to court at least by that date. During the reign of the Zhengde emperor (reg 1506–21), when he was most active, he rose to the position of daizhao (‘painter in attendance’) at the imperial atelier, the Renzhi dian, and was honoured by the gift of a seal from the emperor, after which he nicknamed himself Yiqiao (‘the woodcutter’). Along with some other contemporary court painters, he was considered to belong in a loose sense to the Zhe school. Zhu painted a wide range of subjects, from figures and landscapes to bamboo and birds. His model in the first two genres was the Yuan-period (1279–1368) painter Sheng Mao. In bamboo painting, Xia Chang (1388–1470) served as his source. Zhu’s tenure at court overlapped with that of Lu Ji, who specialized in painting birds and who was Zhu’s model in this genre, possibly also his personal teacher. Zhu’s extant paintings, however, are limited to landscapes. In choosing to follow Sheng Mao and the 11th-century painter Guo Xi, Zhu differed from other court painters, who were uniformly influenced by Ma Yuan. Zhu’s study of these two painters is evident from the large painting Gazing about the Misty River (hanging scroll, ink and colours on silk, h. 1.68 m; Beijing, Pal. Mus.). The first focus is on two scholars and their servant, who gaze out at the scene. An open book beside them suggests they may be reflecting on the Chinese classics or reading poetry. They are sitting on a promontory in the left corner of the painting, framed by surrounding foliage, in particular by a group of trees that reaches above and arcs over them. The first direction of view, which is also that of the gazing gentlemen, extends towards two scenes separated by water, and a final line of mountains. The lower and more open vista contains a hint of unseen territory beyond. The eye is then impelled by the arching branches of the foreground trees upwards into rising peaks. Vignettes and hints of life and habitation are everywhere. Each mountain rise hosts pavilions, each clump of trees shades a house. In the valley, fishermen fish and a scholar wanders home; over the next stretch of water lies a whole fishing village with boats moored in clusters and two junks setting off in full sail. Zhu’s nervous, jagged line is similar to that used by Sheng Mao, as is his skill in carefully describing all the elements in the painting, such as the well-drawn figures and the vine-encrusted trees. On the other hand, the clawlike branches, although much exaggerated by Zhu, and the theatrical surging of the mountain range overhead show an awareness of the techniques of Guo Xi. Very much in the professional as opposed to the literati mode of painting, this is one of Zhu’s most ambitious works. He was also capable of more rapid, abbreviated, literati styles and compositions, as in Solitary Angler on a Wintry River (Tokyo, N. Mus.). --DOA", + "date": "ca. 1506 - 1521", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouZhenqing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhou, Zhenqing", -"comment": "Cushing, Lincoln and Ann Tompkins; Chinese Posters: Art From the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2007. ", -"date": "active mid 20th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuFadong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhu, Fadong", + "comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Kunming, Yunnan Province; lives and works in Beijing.", + "date": "b. 1960", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhouZhimian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhou, Zhimian", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z46z44m33 Alternate names: Chou Chih-mien, 周之冕 Ming dynasty From Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Painted flowers and birds, followed Zhen Shun and Lu Zhi. Calligraphy in official script style. --Seymour", -"date": "ca. 1580 - 1610", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuGuangpu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhu, Guangpu", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z47g39p42 Alternate names: Chu Kuang-p'u, 朱光普 Song dynasty From Kaifeng, Henan province. Moved to Hangzhou. Zhejiang province, at the fall of the Northern Song. Member of the Painting Academy in Hangzhou. Painted farm scenes. --Seymour", + "date": "mid Song dynasty", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuBang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhu, Bang", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z47b25 Alternate names: Chu Pang, 朱邦 Ming dynasty From Anhui province. Painted landscapes and figures, followed Zhang Lu. --Seymour Zhe School: Others who followed Wu Wei, generally with less originality, were Jiang Song, a native of Nanjing, Zhu Bang from Anhui, and Chen Zihe and Zheng Wenlin from Fujian. These artists have usually been regarded by both Chinese and foreign writers as signalling a period of decline of the Zhe school, although some revisionist writers have challenged this view. --DOA", -"date": "ca. 1522 - 1566", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuJinshi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhu, Jinshi", + "comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter. Zhu was part of the first influential avant-garde group of artists after the Cultural Revolution, the “Stars Group” (Xing Xing).", + "date": "b. 1954", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuCheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhu, Cheng", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuLunhan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhu, Lunhan", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z47l47h24 Alternate names: Chu Lun-han, 朱倫瀚 Qing dynasty From Shandong province. Descendant of Imperial Ming family. Finger painting, following uncle Gao Qipei. --Seymour", + "date": "1680 - 1760", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuCizhong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhu, Cizhong", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z47c55h33 Alternate names: Chu Tz'u-chung, 祝次仲 Song dynasty From Taiping, Anhui province. Painted landscapes. Calligraphy in grass script style. --Seymour", -"date": "ca. 12th century ", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuMinggang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhu, Minggang", + "comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Fengyang, Anhui Province; specializes in woodcut and pen painting; alternate name: 朱鸣冈", + "date": "born 1915", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuDanian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhu, Danian", -"comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. Chinese mural and ceramic painter", -"date": "1916-1995", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuQizhan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhu, Qizhan", + "comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. Chinese painter, studied oil painting in Shanghai, later worked in Japan, adopted traditional Chinese ink painting techniques later in life.", + "date": "1892-1996", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuDiezhuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhu, Diezhuan", -"comment": "Nebiolo, Gino; La Cina dei Cinesi, Ivrea: Priuli & Verlucca, 1973. Chinese peasant painter during the Cultural Revolution", -"date": "active ca. 1970", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuRui", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhu, Rui", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z47r35 Alternate names: Chu Jui, 朱銳 Song dynasty From Hubei province. Member of Academy of Painting in Kaifeng and also in Hangzhou. Painted landscapes following Wan Wei. Also, figures after Zhang Dunli. --Seymour", + "date": "first half 12th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuDuan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhu, Duan", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z47d43 Alternate names: Chu Tuan, 朱端 Ming dynasty (b Haiyan, Zhejiang Province; fl c. 1501–21). Chinese painter. He probably began his artistic career as a minor court painter in the latter part of the reign of the Hongzhi emperor (reg 1488–1505); one of his paintings, dated 1501, bears a seal indicating that he had been summoned to court at least by that date. During the reign of the Zhengde emperor (reg 1506–21), when he was most active, he rose to the position of daizhao (‘painter in attendance’) at the imperial atelier, the Renzhi dian, and was honoured by the gift of a seal from the emperor, after which he nicknamed himself Yiqiao (‘the woodcutter’). Along with some other contemporary court painters, he was considered to belong in a loose sense to the Zhe school. Zhu painted a wide range of subjects, from figures and landscapes to bamboo and birds. His model in the first two genres was the Yuan-period (1279–1368) painter Sheng Mao. In bamboo painting, Xia Chang (1388–1470) served as his source. Zhu’s tenure at court overlapped with that of Lu Ji, who specialized in painting birds and who was Zhu’s model in this genre, possibly also his personal teacher. Zhu’s extant paintings, however, are limited to landscapes. In choosing to follow Sheng Mao and the 11th-century painter Guo Xi, Zhu differed from other court painters, who were uniformly influenced by Ma Yuan. Zhu’s study of these two painters is evident from the large painting Gazing about the Misty River (hanging scroll, ink and colours on silk, h. 1.68 m; Beijing, Pal. Mus.). The first focus is on two scholars and their servant, who gaze out at the scene. An open book beside them suggests they may be reflecting on the Chinese classics or reading poetry. They are sitting on a promontory in the left corner of the painting, framed by surrounding foliage, in particular by a group of trees that reaches above and arcs over them. The first direction of view, which is also that of the gazing gentlemen, extends towards two scenes separated by water, and a final line of mountains. The lower and more open vista contains a hint of unseen territory beyond. The eye is then impelled by the arching branches of the foreground trees upwards into rising peaks. Vignettes and hints of life and habitation are everywhere. Each mountain rise hosts pavilions, each clump of trees shades a house. In the valley, fishermen fish and a scholar wanders home; over the next stretch of water lies a whole fishing village with boats moored in clusters and two junks setting off in full sail. Zhu’s nervous, jagged line is similar to that used by Sheng Mao, as is his skill in carefully describing all the elements in the painting, such as the well-drawn figures and the vine-encrusted trees. On the other hand, the clawlike branches, although much exaggerated by Zhu, and the theatrical surging of the mountain range overhead show an awareness of the techniques of Guo Xi. Very much in the professional as opposed to the literati mode of painting, this is one of Zhu’s most ambitious works. He was also capable of more rapid, abbreviated, literati styles and compositions, as in Solitary Angler on a Wintry River (Tokyo, N. Mus.). --DOA", -"date": "ca. 1506 - 1521", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuSansong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhu, Sansong", + "comment": "Valder, Peter; Gardens in China, Portland, Oregon: Timber Press, 2002. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuFadong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhu, Fadong", -"comment": "Fibicher, Bernhard and Matthias Frehner; Mahjong: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005. Chinese artist, born in Kunming, Yunnan Province; lives and works in Beijing.", -"date": "b. 1960", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuGuangpu", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhu, Guangpu", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z47g39p42 Alternate names: Chu Kuang-p'u, 朱光普 Song dynasty From Kaifeng, Henan province. Moved to Hangzhou. Zhejiang province, at the fall of the Northern Song. Member of the Painting Academy in Hangzhou. Painted farm scenes. --Seymour", -"date": "mid Song dynasty", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuSheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhu, Sheng", + "comment": "Realms of Faith, Kaikodo Journal, vol. 2000. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuJinshi", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhu, Jinshi", -"comment": "Gao Minglu; Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art. Chinese painter. Zhu was part of the first influential avant-garde group of artists after the Cultural Revolution, the “Stars Group” (Xing Xing).", -"date": "b. 1954", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuLunhan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhu, Lunhan", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z47l47h24 Alternate names: Chu Lun-han, 朱倫瀚 Qing dynasty From Shandong province. Descendant of Imperial Ming family. Finger painting, following uncle Gao Qipei. --Seymour", -"date": "1680 - 1760", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuShuzheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhu, Shuzheng", + "comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Anhui Province; member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association, council member of Anhui branch of the Chinese Artists' Association; alternate name: 朱曙征", + "date": "born 1931", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuMinggang", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhu, Minggang", -"comment": "Name and dates derived from a website. born in Fengyang, Anhui Province; specializes in woodcut and pen painting; alternate name: 朱鸣冈", -"date": "born 1915", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuWanli", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhu, Wanli", + "comment": "Laing, Ellen Johnston; Winking Owl: Art from the People's Republic of China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988 (0520060970). ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuQizhan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhu, Qizhan", -"comment": "Andrews, Julia F., Claudia Brown, David E. Fraser and Kuiyi Shen; Between the Thunder and the Rain: Chinese Paintings from the Opium War through the Cultural Revolution, 1840-1979, San Francisco: Echo Rock Ventures; Asian Art Museum, 2000. Chinese painter, studied oil painting in Shanghai, later worked in Japan, adopted traditional Chinese ink painting techniques later in life.", -"date": "1892-1996", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuRui", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhu, Rui", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z47r35 Alternate names: Chu Jui, 朱銳 Song dynasty From Hubei province. Member of Academy of Painting in Kaifeng and also in Hangzhou. Painted landscapes following Wan Wei. Also, figures after Zhang Dunli. --Seymour", -"date": "first half 12th century", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuWeiming", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhu, Weiming", + "comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Wenzhou, Zhejiang province", + "date": "born 1940", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuSansong", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhu, Sansong", -"comment": "Valder, Peter; Gardens in China, Portland, Oregon: Timber Press, 2002. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuWenyun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhu, Wenyun", + "comment": "Yang Xiaoneng; Tracing the Past, Drawing the Future: Master Ink Painters in Twentieth-Century China, Milan: Continents Editions, 2010. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuSheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhu, Sheng", -"comment": "Realms of Faith, Kaikodo Journal, vol. 2000. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuShuzheng", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhu, Shuzheng", -"comment": "Zhongguo xin xing ban hua wu shi nian xuan ji, 1950-1981 , Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she (Shanghai People's Art Press), 1981. from Anhui Province; member of the Chinese Printmakers' Association, council member of Anhui branch of the Chinese Artists' Association; alternate name: 朱曙征", -"date": "born 1931", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuYunming", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhu, Yunming", + "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z47y39m37 Alternate names: Chu Yun-ming, 祝允明 Ming dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, c. 1460–61; d Suzhou, 1527). Chinese calligrapher, scholar, essayist and poet. Born into an illustrious Suzhou family, he was commended in the provincial examinations, the second stage of the civil service career ladder, at the age of 33 but failed in several attempts at the national examinations. In 1514 he took office as magistrate of Xingning County in Guangdong Province and in 1522 was promoted to assistant prefectural magistrate of Yingtian District (now Nanjing). He retired after less than a year and died at the age of 67. Zhu was an outstanding representative of certain literary circles in Suzhou, revered not only for his calligraphy, but also for his scholarship, essays and poetry. His individual and non-conformist beliefs made him severely critical of Song Neo-Confucianism, the orthodox teaching of his day, seeing it as both ill-founded and constricting. His love of liberty and adherence to the classics are reflected in his calligraphy, which is at once informed by a thorough acquaintance with the classical masters and executed with an expansive and uninhibited flair. By his early twenties Zhu Yunming was renowned in Suzhou for his calligraphy, which showed the influence of the cursive script (caoshu) of his maternal grandfather, Xu Youzhen (1407–72), and the regular script (kaishu) of his father-in-law, Li Yingzhen (1431–93). Zhu made a thorough study of Jin (ad 265–420), Tang (ad 618–907), and Song (960–1279) calligraphers, taking as models masters such as Wang Xizhi (see Wang (i), (1)) and Huaisu. He also studied stelae from the Han, Wei and Su Dynasties periods (206 bc–ad 589). His own calligraphy shows abundant variation, and he excelled particularly in the art of unrestrained cursive script. The best known of his surviving masterpieces reveal his genius with two fundamental brushstrokes. The first is dragged continuously in circular fluency, carrying on a 4th-century ad tradition of continuous cursive script; see, for example, the Seven-character Eight-line Poem (Qiyan lushi, 1525; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). The other stroke is a type of dissipated dot which takes advantage of the interlocking lines and vigour of the calligraphy to create a compact structure. The works which best exemplify this pioneering characteristic are the Cao Zhi Poem (c. 1526; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) and the Ode on the Red Cliff (Chibi fu; 1521; Shanghai Mus.). --DOA", + "date": "1460 - 1526", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuWanli", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhu, Wanli", -"comment": "Laing, Ellen Johnston; Winking Owl: Art from the People's Republic of China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988 (0520060970). ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuZichang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhu, Zichang", + "comment": "Shen Zhiyu; Shanghai Museum of Art, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1983. ", -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuWeiming", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhu, Weiming", -"comment": "Burg, Christer von der; Art of Contemporary Chinese Woodcuts, London: Muban Foundation, 2003. born in Wenzhou, Zhejiang province", -"date": "born 1940", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuWenyun", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhu, Wenyun", -"comment": "Yang Xiaoneng; Tracing the Past, Drawing the Future: Master Ink Painters in Twentieth-Century China, Milan: Continents Editions, 2010. ", - -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZigheraFrançoise", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zighera, Françoise", + "comment": "Acton, David; Sixty Years of North American Prints: 1947-2007, Boston: Boston Printmakers, 2009. American printmaker, born in Paris", + "date": "1926-2006", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhuYunming", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Zhu, Yunming", -"comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). z47y39m37 Alternate names: Chu Yun-ming, 祝允明 Ming dynasty (b Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, c. 1460–61; d Suzhou, 1527). Chinese calligrapher, scholar, essayist and poet. Born into an illustrious Suzhou family, he was commended in the provincial examinations, the second stage of the civil service career ladder, at the age of 33 but failed in several attempts at the national examinations. In 1514 he took office as magistrate of Xingning County in Guangdong Province and in 1522 was promoted to assistant prefectural magistrate of Yingtian District (now Nanjing). He retired after less than a year and died at the age of 67. Zhu was an outstanding representative of certain literary circles in Suzhou, revered not only for his calligraphy, but also for his scholarship, essays and poetry. His individual and non-conformist beliefs made him severely critical of Song Neo-Confucianism, the orthodox teaching of his day, seeing it as both ill-founded and constricting. His love of liberty and adherence to the classics are reflected in his calligraphy, which is at once informed by a thorough acquaintance with the classical masters and executed with an expansive and uninhibited flair. By his early twenties Zhu Yunming was renowned in Suzhou for his calligraphy, which showed the influence of the cursive script (caoshu) of his maternal grandfather, Xu Youzhen (1407–72), and the regular script (kaishu) of his father-in-law, Li Yingzhen (1431–93). Zhu made a thorough study of Jin (ad 265–420), Tang (ad 618–907), and Song (960–1279) calligraphers, taking as models masters such as Wang Xizhi (see Wang (i), (1)) and Huaisu. He also studied stelae from the Han, Wei and Su Dynasties periods (206 bc–ad 589). His own calligraphy shows abundant variation, and he excelled particularly in the art of unrestrained cursive script. The best known of his surviving masterpieces reveal his genius with two fundamental brushstrokes. The first is dragged continuously in circular fluency, carrying on a 4th-century ad tradition of continuous cursive script; see, for example, the Seven-character Eight-line Poem (Qiyan lushi, 1525; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.). The other stroke is a type of dissipated dot which takes advantage of the interlocking lines and vigour of the calligraphy to create a compact structure. The works which best exemplify this pioneering characteristic are the Cao Zhi Poem (c. 1526; Taipei, N. Pal. Mus.) and the Ode on the Red Cliff (Chibi fu; 1521; Shanghai Mus.). --DOA", -"date": "1460 - 1526", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014_07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZimmermanDominikus", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zimmerman, Dominikus", + "comment": "UO VRC Slide Collections. 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"modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, From 12e46b78450ba53f73e29cccb579e777190406e0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Thu, 10 Jul 2014 10:37:33 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 086/186] added names for uopres, jasr, and univ --- names.jsonld | 4610 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 4610 insertions(+) diff --git a/names.jsonld b/names.jsonld index 1ba799b..cdbcb03 100644 --- a/names.jsonld +++ b/names.jsonld @@ -144389,6 +144389,4616 @@ } }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Onthank,KarlWilliam", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Onthank, Karl William", + "date": "1890-1968", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AhiruDaiko(Musicalgroup)", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": 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"Yen, Daisy", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yen,Tai-Ju", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yen, Tai-Ju", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/York,CarsonD.", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "York, Carson D.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Zhao,Ziyuan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zhao, Ziyuan", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, From 5b829841d4527466e667a2bf88184b6d314605d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Thu, 10 Jul 2014 10:49:45 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 087/186] added names from uostock --- names.jsonld | 236 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 236 insertions(+) diff --git a/names.jsonld b/names.jsonld index cdbcb03..5521ca1 100644 --- a/names.jsonld +++ b/names.jsonld @@ -149000,6 +149000,242 @@ } }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AronsonMichael", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Aronson, Michael", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BengocheaAaron", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bengochea, Aaron", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BissellDaniel", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bissell, Daniel", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BoboiaCristian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Boboia, Cristian", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BurnsKate", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Burns, Kate", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GarciaAmanda", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Garcia, Amanda", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GersbachRick", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gersbach, Rick", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ImageServicesStaff", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Image Services Staff", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KueiLauren", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kuei, Lauren", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LarsonLesli", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Larson, Lesli", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SimicJulia", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Simic, Julia", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WaltonDean", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Walton, Dean", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeberAlex", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Weber, Alex", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + From 485868b36ba291368d39f6c8a55ad93da4c0f0df Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Thu, 10 Jul 2014 10:52:35 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 088/186] added names from comm --- names.jsonld | 108 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 108 insertions(+) diff --git a/names.jsonld b/names.jsonld index 5521ca1..bb9b4da 100644 --- a/names.jsonld +++ b/names.jsonld @@ -149236,6 +149236,114 @@ } }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AgapitoAggie", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Agapito, Aggie", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BakerJanice", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Baker, Janice", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/IkelerHeather", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ikeler, Heather", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": + "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/McLaughlinJan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "McLaughlin, Jan", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NilesKatie", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Niles, Katie", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OceanAnnie", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ocean, Annie", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + From 56bb8b5ac70df3642b1f56a3904e3c0565ba0505 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Thu, 10 Jul 2014 10:56:26 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 089/186] added names from latinoherit --- names.jsonld | 324 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 324 insertions(+) diff --git a/names.jsonld b/names.jsonld index bb9b4da..b1f5fa4 100644 --- a/names.jsonld +++ b/names.jsonld @@ -149344,6 +149344,330 @@ } }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Aldana RogersLicia", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Aldana Rogers, Licia", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AlvarezNora", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Alvarez, Nora", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BartruffCharlotte", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bartruff, Charlotte", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BullIris", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bull, Iris", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DaltonElizabeth", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dalton, Elizabeth", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DriverJoel", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Driver, Joel", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ErdmanScott", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Erdman, Scott", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EvanAlex", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Evan, Alex", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EvansAlex", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Evans, Alex", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hynes-PettyHannah", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hynes-Petty, Hannah", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiskellElizabeth", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Miskell, Elizabeth", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RummlerLisa", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Rummler, Lisa", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Sandoval CervantesIvan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sandoval Cervantes, Ivan", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": + "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SantinoMichael", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Santino, Michael", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SerronSalome", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Serron, Salome", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SotoLidiana", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Soto, Lidiana", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunByron", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sun, Byron", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ThorntonJulia", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Thornton, Julia", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + From d7574729f4bb83557dccdedc65e3669ff7cd6bd2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Thu, 10 Jul 2014 11:16:29 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 090/186] Update terms.jsonld added terms from comm and jasr --- terms.jsonld | 71 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--- 1 file changed, 68 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/terms.jsonld b/terms.jsonld index c36c31a..b691fc5 100644 --- a/terms.jsonld +++ b/terms.jsonld @@ -9588,10 +9588,75 @@ } }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JapaneseAmericancollegestudents--Oregon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Japanese American college students -- Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JapaneseAmericancollegestudents--Socialconditions--20thcentury", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Japanese American college students -- Social conditions -- 20th century", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Students,Transferof--Oregon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Students, Transfer of -- Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, - - - + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Rootworks", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Rootworks", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-08", + "@type": "date" + } + }, From 378b3b6fa69188092d314ed18dba130e2fadf92e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Thu, 10 Jul 2014 11:20:17 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 091/186] added repositories from AAI/Licensed/Archivision/Lownestam --- names.jsonld | 14435 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 14435 insertions(+) diff --git a/names.jsonld b/names.jsonld index b1f5fa4..4a2d4a1 100644 --- a/names.jsonld +++ b/names.jsonld @@ -149668,6 +149668,14441 @@ } }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AachenCathedralTreasury", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Aachen Cathedral Treasury", + "comment": "Aachen Cathedral Treasury, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. 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Dutton, 1987", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofArthurVershbow", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Arthur Vershbow", + "comment": "Collection of Arthur Vershbow. 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Fischer, Felice and Kyoko Kinoshita; Ike Taiga and Tokuyama Gyokuran: Japanese Masters of the Brush, Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2007", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofBlandLane", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Bland Lane", + "comment": "Collection of Bland Lane. Tsao, Jung Ying; Paintings of Xugu and Qi Baishi, San Francisco; Seattle: Far East Fine Arts, Inc.; University of Washington Press, 1993", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofCCWangFamily", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of C.C. Wang Family", + "comment": "Collection of C.C. Wang Family. Tsao, Jung Ying; Paintings of Xugu and Qi Baishi, San Francisco; Seattle: Far East Fine Arts, Inc.; University of Washington Press, 1993", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofCeciliaSegawaSeigle", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Cecilia Segawa Seigle", + "comment": "Collection of Cecilia Segawa Seigle. Meech, Julia and Jane Oliver; Designed for Pleasure: The World of Edo Japan in Prints and Paintings, 1680-1860, New York; Seattle: Asia Society; University of Washington Press, 2008", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofChangChenghsien", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Chang Ch'eng-hsien", + "comment": "Collection of Chang Ch'eng-hsien, California, United States. Fu, Shen C. Y.; Challenging the Past: The Paintings of Chang Dai-Chien, Washington, D.C.: Arthur Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institute, 1991", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofChangHsuWenpo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Chang Hsu Wen-po", + "comment": "Collection of Chang Hsu Wen-po, Taipei, T'ai-pei Shih, Taiwan. Fu, Shen C. Y.; Challenging the Past: The Paintings of Chang Dai-Chien, Washington, D.C.: Arthur Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institute, 1991", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofChangSingcheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Chang Sing-cheng", + "comment": "Collection of Chang Sing-cheng, Monterey, California, United States. Fu, Shen C. Y.; Challenging the Past: The Paintings of Chang Dai-Chien, Washington, D.C.: Arthur Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institute, 1991", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofChangSingS", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Chang Sing S. ", + "comment": "Collection of Chang Sing S. , Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Fu, Shen C. Y.; Challenging the Past: The Paintings of Chang Dai-Chien, Washington, D.C.: Arthur Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institute, 1991", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofChangSingyi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Chang Sing-yi", + "comment": "Collection of Chang Sing-yi, Brazil. Fu, Shen C. Y.; Challenging the Past: The Paintings of Chang Dai-Chien, Washington, D.C.: Arthur Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institute, 1991", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofChangWeihsien", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Chang Wei-hsien ", + "comment": "Collection of Chang Wei-hsien , Los Angeles, California, United States. Fu, Shen C. Y.; Challenging the Past: The Paintings of Chang Dai-Chien, Washington, D.C.: Arthur Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institute, 1991", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofChenShunchu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Chen Shun-chu", + "comment": "Collection of Chen Shun-chu. Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofChungKitFok", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Chung Kit Fok", + "comment": "Collection of Chung Kit Fok. Fu, Shen C. Y.; Challenging the Past: The Paintings of Chang Dai-Chien, Washington, D.C.: Arthur Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institute, 1991", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofChunHsienChiang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Chun-Hsien Chiang", + "comment": "Collection of Chun-Hsien Chiang, Taipei, T'ai-pei Shih, Taiwan. Fu, Shen C. Y.; Challenging the Past: The Paintings of Chang Dai-Chien, Washington, D.C.: Arthur Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institute, 1991", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofClaesOldenburgandCoosjevanBruggen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen", + "comment": "Collection of Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen, New York, New York, United States. Crow, Thomas; Rise of the Sixties, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofColonelMerleHeinrichs", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Colonel Merle Heinrichs", + "comment": "Collection of Colonel Merle Heinrichs. Tsao, Jung Ying; Paintings of Xugu and Qi Baishi, San Francisco; Seattle: Far East Fine Arts, Inc.; University of Washington Press, 1993", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofCPLin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of C. P. Lin", + "comment": "Collection of C. P. Lin, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. Fu, Shen C. Y.; Challenging the Past: The Paintings of Chang Dai-Chien, Washington, D.C.: Arthur Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institute, 1991", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofCSCheng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of C.S. Cheng", + "comment": "Collection of C.S. Cheng. Tsao, Jung Ying; Paintings of Xugu and Qi Baishi, San Francisco; Seattle: Far East Fine Arts, Inc.; University of Washington Press, 1993", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofDafengTang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Dafeng Tang", + "comment": "Collection of Dafeng Tang, Taipei, T'ai-pei Shih, Taiwan. Fu, Shen C. Y.; Challenging the Past: The Paintings of Chang Dai-Chien, Washington, D.C.: Arthur Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institute, 1991", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofDavidTang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of David Tang", + "comment": "Collection of David Tang, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. Sullivan, Michael; Arts of China, Fourth Edition, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofDonaldandBarbaraZucker", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Donald and Barbara Zucker", + "comment": "Collection of Donald and Barbara Zucker. Wood, Paul, Francis Frascina, Jonathan Harris, and Charles Harrison; Modernism in Dispute: Art Since the Forties, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1993", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofDrandMrsMartinLevitz", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Dr. and Mrs. Martin Levitz", + "comment": "Collection of Dr. and Mrs. Martin Levitz. Meech, Julia and Jane Oliver; Designed for Pleasure: The World of Edo Japan in Prints and Paintings, 1680-1860, New York; Seattle: Asia Society; University of Washington Press, 2008", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofElnaCHoeber", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Elna C. Hoeber", + "comment": "Collection of Elna C. Hoeber. Tsao, Jung Ying; Paintings of Xugu and Qi Baishi, San Francisco; Seattle: Far East Fine Arts, Inc.; University of Washington Press, 1993", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofFrancescadalLago", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Francesca dal Lago", + "comment": "Collection of Francesca dal Lago. Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofFrankEBrown", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Frank E. Brown", + "comment": "Collection of Frank E. Brown, Rome, Lazio, Italy. De la Croix, Tansey & Kirkpatrick; Gardner's Art Through the Ages, 9th Ed. , Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1991", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofHarlowNHiginbotham", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Harlow N. Higinbotham", + "comment": "Collection of Harlow N. Higinbotham. Meech, Julia and Jane Oliver; Designed for Pleasure: The World of Edo Japan in Prints and Paintings, 1680-1860, New York; Seattle: Asia Society; University of Washington Press, 2008", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofHChristopherLuce", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of H. Christopher Luce ", + "comment": "Collection of H. Christopher Luce . Fischer, Felice and Kyoko Kinoshita; Ike Taiga and Tokuyama Gyokuran: Japanese Masters of the Brush, Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2007", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofHeKongde", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of He Kongde", + "comment": "Collection of He Kongde. Andrews, Julia F.; Painters and Politics in the People's Republic of China, 1949-1979, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofHuangChihyang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Huang Chih-yang", + "comment": "Collection of Huang Chih-yang. Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofHughMoss", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Hugh Moss", + "comment": "Collection of Hugh Moss, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. Fu, Shen C. Y.; Challenging the Past: The Paintings of Chang Dai-Chien, Washington, D.C.: Arthur Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institute, 1991", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofJacquelineandEricDecelle", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Jacqueline and Eric Decelle", + "comment": "Collection of Jacqueline and Eric Decelle, Henonville, Picardy, France. Wood, Paul, Francis Frascina, Jonathan Harris, and Charles Harrison; Modernism in Dispute: Art Since the Forties, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1993", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofJingguanlou", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Jingguanlou", + "comment": "Collection of Jingguanlou, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofJoannaHSchoff", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Joanna H. Schoff", + "comment": "Collection of Joanna H. Schoff. Meech, Julia and Jane Oliver; Designed for Pleasure: The World of Edo Japan in Prints and Paintings, 1680-1860, New York; Seattle: Asia Society; University of Washington Press, 2008", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofJYTsao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of J.Y. Tsao", + "comment": "Collection of J.Y. Tsao. Tsao, Jung Ying; Paintings of Xugu and Qi Baishi, San Francisco; Seattle: Far East Fine Arts, Inc.; University of Washington Press, 1993", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofKentandVickiLogan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Kent and Vicki Logan", + "comment": "Collection of Kent and Vicki Logan. Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofKippyYeh", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Kippy Yeh", + "comment": "Collection of Kippy Yeh. Tsao, Jung Ying; Paintings of Xugu and Qi Baishi, San Francisco; Seattle: Far East Fine Arts, Inc.; University of Washington Press, 1993", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofKSLo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of K. S. Lo", + "comment": "Collection of K. S. Lo, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. Fu, Shen C. Y.; Challenging the Past: The Paintings of Chang Dai-Chien, Washington, D.C.: Arthur Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institute, 1991", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofLadyLever", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Lady Lever", + "comment": "Collection of Lady Lever, Port Sunlight, England, United Kingdom. Wildman, Stephen and John Christian; Edward Burne-Jones: Victorian Artist-Dreamer, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, distributed by Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1998", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofLawrenceWu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Lawrence Wu", + "comment": "Collection of Lawrence Wu, New York, New York, United States. Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092)", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofLeightonRLonghi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Leighton R. Longhi", + "comment": "Collection of Leighton R. Longhi. Barnhart, Richard M; Painters of the great Ming: the Imperial Court and the Zhe School, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 1993", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofLiShan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Li Shan", + "comment": "Collection of Li Shan. Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofLoWailun", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Lo Wailun", + "comment": "Collection of Lo Wailun, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (formerOwner). Sullivan, Michael; Arts of China, Fourth Edition, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofLuYanshao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Lu Yanshao", + "comment": "Collection of Lu Yanshao. Andrews, Julia F.; Painters and Politics in the People's Republic of China, 1949-1979, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofMaoXuhui", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Mao Xuhui", + "comment": "Collection of Mao Xuhui. Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofMarcelliaYeh", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Marcellia Yeh", + "comment": "Collection of Marcellia Yeh. Tsao, Jung Ying; Paintings of Xugu and Qi Baishi, San Francisco; Seattle: Far East Fine Arts, Inc.; University of Washington Press, 1993", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofMarchionessofChalmondeley", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Marchioness of Chalmondeley", + "comment": "Collection of Marchioness of Chalmondeley. Name originated in the University of Oregon Visual Resources Collection slide collections", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofMichaelGallisFamily", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Michael Gallis Family", + "comment": "Collection of Michael Gallis Family. Tsao, Jung Ying; Paintings of Xugu and Qi Baishi, San Francisco; Seattle: Far East Fine Arts, Inc.; University of Washington Press, 1993", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofMichaelYWShih", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Michael Y.W. Shih", + "comment": "Collection of Michael Y.W. Shih, T'ai-nan, T'ai-nan Hsien, Taiwan. Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofMrandMrsCYLee", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Mr. and Mrs. C. Y. Lee", + "comment": "Collection of Mr. and Mrs. C. Y. Lee, São Paulo, Sudeste, Brazil. Fu, Shen C. Y.; Challenging the Past: The Paintings of Chang Dai-Chien, Washington, D.C.: Arthur Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institute, 1991", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofMrandMrsLeeChenHua", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Mr. and Mrs Lee Chen-Hua", + "comment": "Collection of Mr. and Mrs Lee Chen-Hua, New York, United States. Fu, Shen C. Y.; Challenging the Past: The Paintings of Chang Dai-Chien, Washington, D.C.: Arthur Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institute, 1991", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofMrandMrsLeeChenHua", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Lee Chen-Hua", + "comment": "Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Lee Chen-Hua, United States. Fu, Shen C. Y.; Challenging the Past: The Paintings of Chang Dai-Chien, Washington, D.C.: Arthur Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institute, 1991", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofMrAndMrsLeightonLonghi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Mr. And Mrs. Leighton Longhi", + "comment": "Collection of Mr. And Mrs. Leighton Longhi, New York, New York, United States. Murase, Miyeko; Masterpieces of Japanese Screen Painting, New York: George Braziller, Inc., 1990", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofMrandMrsMeredithJLong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Meredith J. Long", + "comment": "Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Meredith J. Long. Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofMrandMrsMichaelSonnabend", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Michael Sonnabend", + "comment": "Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Michael Sonnabend, New York, New York, United States. Wood, Paul, Francis Frascina, Jonathan Harris, and Charles Harrison; Modernism in Dispute: Art Since the Forties, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1993", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofMrandMrsMortonGNewman", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Morton G. Newman", + "comment": "Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Morton G. Newman, Chicago, Illinois, United States. Franzke, Andreas; Dubuffet, New York: Abrams, 1981", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofMrandMrsRichardLiu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Richard Liu", + "comment": "Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Richard Liu, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092)", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofMrandMrsRICHerridge", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Mr. and Mrs. R. I. C. Herridge", + "comment": "Collection of Mr. and Mrs. R. I. C. Herridge. Fu, Shen C. Y.; Challenging the Past: The Paintings of Chang Dai-Chien, Washington, D.C.: Arthur Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institute, 1991", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofMrandMrsWanggoHCWeng", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Wang-go H. C. Weng", + "comment": "Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Wang-go H. C. Weng. Ho, Wai-Kam and Judith G. Smith; Century of Tung Ch'i-Ch'ang, 1555-1636, v.1, Kansas City; Seattle; London: Nelson Atkins Museum of Art; University of Washington Press, 1992", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofMrandMrsWBFountain", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Mr. and Mrs. W. B. Fountain", + "comment": "Collection of Mr. and Mrs. W. B. Fountain, Alameda, California, United States. Fu, Shen C. Y.; Challenging the Past: The Paintings of Chang Dai-Chien, Washington, D.C.: Arthur Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institute, 1991", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofMrGeorgeJSchlenker", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Mr. George J. Schlenker", + "comment": "Collection of Mr. George J. Schlenker, Piedmont, California, United States. Zaigai Nihon no shihō (Japanese Art: Selections from Western Collections) v.4, Tokyo: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1980", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofMrHaroldWong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Mr. Harold Wong", + "comment": "Collection of Mr. Harold Wong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. Barnhart, Richard M; Painters of the great Ming: the Imperial Court and the Zhe School, Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 1993", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofMrLuiKwokMan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Mr. Lui Kwok Man", + "comment": "Collection of Mr. Lui Kwok Man, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092)", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofMrMartinLee", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Mr. Martin Lee", + "comment": "Collection of Mr. Martin Lee, Taipei, T'ai-pei Shih, Taiwan. Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofMrsAliceKing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Mrs. Alice King", + "comment": "Collection of Mrs. Alice King, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen; Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998 (0810969092)", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofMrsAndrewPFuller", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Mrs. Andrew P. Fuller", + "comment": "Collection of Mrs. Andrew P. Fuller. Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofNinaKatchadourian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Nina Katchadourian", + "comment": "Collection of Nina Katchadourian. Harmen, Katharine; You Are Here: Personal Geographies and Other Maps of the Imagination, First Edition, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2004", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofNorbertSchimmel", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Norbert Schimmel", + "comment": "Collection of Norbert Schimmel, Kings Point, New York, United States. Bothmer, Dietrich von; Amasis Painter and His World: Vase-Painting in Sixth-Century B.C. Athens, Malibu; New York; London: J. Paul Getty Museum; Thames and Hudson Ltd., 1985", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofPatrickMounsey", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Patrick Mounsey", + "comment": "Collection of Patrick Mounsey. He, Li and Michael Knight; Power and Glory: Court Arts of China's Ming Dynasty, San Francisco: Asian Art Museum, 2008", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofPaulChang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Paul Chang", + "comment": "Collection of Paul Chang, Monterey, California, United States. Fu, Shen C. Y.; Challenging the Past: The Paintings of Chang Dai-Chien, Washington, D.C.: Arthur Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institute, 1991", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofPaulRunge", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Paul Runge", + "comment": "Collection of Paul Runge, Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Traeger, Jorg; Philipp Otto Runge und Sein Werk, Munich: Prestel-Verlag, 1975", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofPeterGrilliandDianaGrilli", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Peter Grilli and Diana Grilli", + "comment": "Collection of Peter Grilli and Diana Grilli. Meech, Julia and Jane Oliver; Designed for Pleasure: The World of Edo Japan in Prints and Paintings, 1680-1860, New York; Seattle: Asia Society; University of Washington Press, 2008", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofPilotPenMuseum", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Pilot Pen Museum", + "comment": "Collection of Pilot Pen Museum, Kanagawa-ken, Kanto, Japan. Takeshina, Shuji, Horyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kashiwagi; Kenchiku to dezain, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofPungFTao", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Pung F. Tao", + "comment": "Collection of Pung F. Tao, Los Angeles, California, United States. Fu, Shen C. Y.; Challenging the Past: The Paintings of Chang Dai-Chien, Washington, D.C.: Arthur Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institute, 1991", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofPushmapalaNandClareArni", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Pushmapala N. and Clare Arni", + "comment": "Collection of Pushmapala N. and Clare Arni. Sambrani, Chaitanya; Edge of Desire: Recent Art in India, London: Philip Wilson Publishers, 2006", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofRandallandSusanInouye", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Randall and Susan Inouye", + "comment": "Collection of Randall and Susan Inouye. Tsao, Jung Ying; Paintings of Xugu and Qi Baishi, San Francisco; Seattle: Far East Fine Arts, Inc.; University of Washington Press, 1993", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofReinhardtOnnasch", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Reinhardt Onnasch", + "comment": "Collection of Reinhardt Onnasch, Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Crow, Thomas; Rise of the Sixties, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofReverendRichardFabian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Reverend Richard Fabian", + "comment": "Collection of Reverend Richard Fabian. Tsao, Jung Ying; Paintings of Xugu and Qi Baishi, San Francisco; Seattle: Far East Fine Arts, Inc.; University of Washington Press, 1993", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofRichardChi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Richard Chi", + "comment": "Collection of Richard Chi. Tsao, Jung Ying; Paintings of Xugu and Qi Baishi, San Francisco; Seattle: Far East Fine Arts, Inc.; University of Washington Press, 1993", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofRichardFishbeinandEstelleBender", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Richard Fishbein and Estelle Bender", + "comment": "Collection of Richard Fishbein and Estelle Bender. Meech, Julia and Jane Oliver; Designed for Pleasure: The World of Edo Japan in Prints and Paintings, 1680-1860, New York; Seattle: Asia Society; University of Washington Press, 2008", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofRichardHui", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Richard Hui", + "comment": "Collection of Richard Hui, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. Fu, Shen C. Y.; Challenging the Past: The Paintings of Chang Dai-Chien, Washington, D.C.: Arthur Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institute, 1991", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofRichardSZeisler", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Richard S. Zeisler", + "comment": "Collection of Richard S. Zeisler. 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Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999 (0393047237)", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofRobertChang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Robert Chang", + "comment": "Collection of Robert Chang. Tsao, Jung Ying; Paintings of Xugu and Qi Baishi, San Francisco; Seattle: Far East Fine Arts, Inc.; University of Washington Press, 1993", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofRobertKaplan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Robert Kaplan", + "comment": "Collection of Robert Kaplan. Haskell, Barbara; American Century: Art and Culture 1900-1950 vol. 1, 1st ed, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art , 1999", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofRogerandKathleenWeston", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Roger and Kathleen Weston", + "comment": "Collection of Roger and Kathleen Weston, Chicago, Illinois, United States. Murase, Miyeko; Masterpieces of Japanese Screen Painting, New York: George Braziller, Inc., 1990", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofStephenWRozanandMarieRozan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Stephen W. Rozan and Marie Rozan", + "comment": "Collection of Stephen W. Rozan and Marie Rozan. Meech, Julia and Jane Oliver; Designed for Pleasure: The World of Edo Japan in Prints and Paintings, 1680-1860, New York; Seattle: Asia Society; University of Washington Press, 2008", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofStewartSTWong", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Stewart S. T. Wong", + "comment": "Collection of Stewart S. T. Wong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. Fu, Shen C. 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Quintanilla, Sonya Rhie; Rhythms of India: The Art of Nandalal Bose, San Diego: San Diego Museum of Art, 2008", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofTangXiaoheandChengLi", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Tang Xiaohe and Cheng Li", + "comment": "Collection of Tang Xiaohe and Cheng Li. 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Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofWalterHopps", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Walter Hopps", + "comment": "Collection of Walter Hopps, Houston, Texas, United States. Crow, Thomas; Rise of the Sixties, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofWangFangyuandSumWai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Wang Fangyu and Sum Wai", + "comment": "Collection of Wang Fangyu and Sum Wai, Millburn, New Jersey, United States. Fu, Shen C. 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Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofWangJin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Wang Jin", + "comment": "Collection of Wang Jin. Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofWangJiqian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Wang Jiqian", + "comment": "Collection of Wang Jiqian, New York, New York, United States. Kao, Mayching; Twentieth-Century Chinese Painting, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofWuFan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Wu Fan", + "comment": "Collection of Wu Fan. Andrews, Julia F.; Painters and Politics in the People's Republic of China, 1949-1979, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofWuTienchang", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Wu Tien-chang", + "comment": "Collection of Wu Tien-chang. 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Gao Minglu; Inside Out: New Chinese Art, San Francisco; New York; Berkeley: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Asia Society Galleries; University of California Press, 1998", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionofYanBinghui", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection of Yan Binghui", + "comment": "Collection of Yan Binghui. 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Y.; Challenging the Past: The Paintings of Chang Dai-Chien, Washington, D.C.: Arthur Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institute, 1991", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollectionPadresEscolapios", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collection Padres Escolapios", + "comment": "Collection Padres Escolapios, Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 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Kobayashi, Tadashi, Taishu Komatsu and Shugu Asano; Ukiyoe, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KanagawaPrefecturalMuseumofCulturalHistory", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Cultural History", + "comment": "Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Cultural History, Yokohama (Kanagawa-ken), Kanto, Japan. Nakano, Masaki; Engie to nisee : Kamakura no kaiga kōgei, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KanazuchoEducationalCommission", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kanazucho Educational Commission", + "comment": "Kanazucho Educational Commission, Fukui (Fukui), Chubu, Japan. 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Getz-Preziosi, Pat; Sculptors of the Cyclades: Individual and Tradition in the Third Millennium B.C., Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1987", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PrivateCollectionBerlinBerlinGermany", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Private Collection, Berlin, Berlin, Germany", + "comment": "Private Collection, Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Wilkie, Angus; Biedermeier, Second edition, New York; London: Abbeville Press Publishers, 2006", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PrivateCollectionBirkenheadEnglandUnitedKingdom", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Private Collection, Birkenhead, England, United Kingdom", + "comment": "Private Collection, Birkenhead, England, United Kingdom. Atterbury, Paul and Clive Wainwright; Pugin: A Gothic Passion, New Haven; London: Yale University Press; Victoria & Albert Museum, 1994", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PrivateCollectionBostonMassachusettsUnitedStates", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Private Collection, Boston, Massachusetts, United States", + "comment": "Private Collection, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. 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Loze, Pierre and François Loze; Belgium Art Nouveau: from Victor Horta to Antoine Pompe, Ghent: Eiffel Editions, 1991", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PrivateCollectionBuckinghamshireEnglandUnitedKingdom", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Private Collection, Buckinghamshire, England, United Kingdom", + "comment": "Private Collection, Buckinghamshire, England, United Kingdom. Cocke, Richard; Veronese's Drawings With A Catalogue Raisonne, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1984", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PrivateCollectionCaliforniaUnitedStates", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Private Collection, California, United States", + "comment": "Private Collection, California, United States. 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Gealt, Adelheid M. and George Knox; Domenico Tiepolo, Master Draftsman, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PrivateCollectionChicagoIllinoisUnitedStates", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Private Collection, Chicago, Illinois, United States", + "comment": "Private Collection, Chicago, Illinois, United States. 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UO VRC Slide Collections", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PrivateCollectionDallasTexasUnitedStates", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Private Collection, Dallas, Texas, United States", + "comment": "Private Collection, Dallas, Texas, United States. UO VRC Slide Collections", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PrivateCollectionEnglandUnitedKingdom", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Private Collection, England, United Kingdom", + "comment": "Private Collection, England, United Kingdom. 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Wilkie, Angus; Biedermeier, Second edition, New York; London: Abbeville Press Publishers, 2006", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PrivatecollectionHongKongHongKongChina", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Private collection, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China", + "comment": "Private collection, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. 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“@id”:”http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” + }, + “issued”: { + “@value”:”2014-06-13”, + “@type”: “date” + }, + “label”: “Abrahamson, Mark”, + ”comment”: ”Artist”, + “modified”: { + “@value”: “2014-06-13”, + “@type”: “date” + } + }, + + { + “@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AdamsJim”, + “@type”: “Property”, + “definedBy”: { + “@id”:”http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” + }, + “issued”: { + “@value”:”2014-06-13”, + “@type”: “date” + }, + “label”: “Adams, Jim”, + ”comment”: ”Artist”, + “modified”: { + “@value”: “2014-06-13”, + “@type”: “date” + } + }, + + { + “@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AielloJudy”, + “@type”: “Property”, + “definedBy”: { + “@id”:”http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt” + }, + “issued”: { + “@value”:”2014-06-13”, + “@type”: “date” + }, + “label”: “Aiello, Judy”, + ”comment”: ”Artist”, + “modified”: { + “@value”: “2014-06-13”, + “@type”: “date” + } + }, + + { + “@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AikenJohn”, + “@type”: 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+ "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CandiceLockhart", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Candice Lockhart", + "comment": "Artist.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BudJones", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bud Jones", + "comment": "Artist.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Biddle(Moreland),Alice", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Biddle (Moreland) , Alice", + "comment": "Artist.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": + "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChiefJoseph", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chief Joseph", + "comment": "Artist.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChrisGuzak", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chris Guzak", + "comment": "Artist.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EdithNelson", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Edith Nelson", + "comment": "Artist.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ErnestBloch", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ernest Bloch", + "comment": "Artist.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KathleenMeehan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kathleen Meehan", + "comment": "Artist.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HowardMeehan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Howard Meehan", + "comment": "Artist.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacquesOverhoff", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jacques Overhoff", + "comment": "Artist.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnMcLoughlin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "John McLoughlin", + "comment": "Artist.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JoySelig", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Joy Selig", + "comment": "Artist.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KarenGuzak", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Karen Guzak", + "comment": "Artist.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MichiKosuge", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Michi Kosuge", + "comment": "Artist.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LeighClark", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Leigh Clark", + "comment": "Artist.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RachelGriffin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Rachel Griffin", + "comment": "Artist.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TabithaBrown", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tabitha Brown", + "comment": "Artist.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DaleLaSalle", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dale LaSalle", + "comment": "Artist.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamMoore", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "William Moore", + "comment": "Artist.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamW.Harsey,Jr.", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "William W. Harsey, Jr.", + "comment": "Artist.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/unidentifiedmale", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "unidentified male", + "comment": "Artist.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KeenaHowry", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Keena Howry", + "comment": "Artist.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + From c24bb667849b0a0f94650ba66e1819cd7fafa56a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Fri, 11 Jul 2014 08:32:50 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 095/186] Update terms.jsonld added terms from percent- could not format with the rest of the doc since it kept crashing --- terms.jsonld | 343 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 343 insertions(+) diff --git a/terms.jsonld b/terms.jsonld index 5730afb..f93b9d2 100644 --- a/terms.jsonld +++ b/terms.jsonld @@ -21670,6 +21670,349 @@ } }, +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/1936UOfootballteam", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "1936 UO football team", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bwdocument", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "bw document", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bwmapindex", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "bw map index", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/colordocument", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "color document", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/colormap", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "color map", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/digitalfile;color", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "digital file; color", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/photocopy,8x10inches;color", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "photocopy, 8 x 10 inches; color", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": +"date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/photocopy;bw", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "photocopy; bw", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/photocopy;color", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "photocopy; color", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/slide;kodachrome", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "slide; kodachrome", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/document;color", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "document;color", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/documents;bw", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "documents; bw", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/mapindex;bw", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "map index; bw", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/map;color", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "map; color", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/photocopy,8x10inches;color", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "photocopy, 8 x 10 inches; color", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": +"date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/photocopy;bw", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "photocopy; bw", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/photocopy;color", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "photocopy; color", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/slide;kodachrome", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "slide; kodachrome", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Croplands", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Croplands ", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + From b2136afa14d8c7f7df1a6733ca4441091a387e51 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Fri, 11 Jul 2014 09:38:25 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 096/186] added names from oimb --- names.jsonld | 3939 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 3939 insertions(+) diff --git a/names.jsonld b/names.jsonld index ea4487e..ef79de1 100644 --- a/names.jsonld +++ b/names.jsonld @@ -174387,8 +174387,3947 @@ } }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AliceOglesby", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Alice Oglesby", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AnnDodds", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ann Dodds", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArtZugnoni", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Art Zugnoni", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AugieOzlin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Augie Ozlin", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AugieOzolin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Augie Ozolin", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/B.McConnaughey", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "B. 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King", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WestCoastPlanktonStudies", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "West Coast Plankton Studies", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, } From 6f5fc1d10bd828559f70ea3fe0f0eaee3bb96c39 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Fri, 11 Jul 2014 09:54:35 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 097/186] added terms from oimb --- terms.jsonld | 8424 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 8424 insertions(+) diff --git a/terms.jsonld b/terms.jsonld index f93b9d2..cc25827 100644 --- a/terms.jsonld +++ b/terms.jsonld @@ -22014,6 +22014,8430 @@ }, + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ascidacea", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ascidacea", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/acidkelp", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "acid kelp", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Agazzi'speanutworm", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Agazzi's peanut worm", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/aggregatinganenome", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "aggregating anenome", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AlkaliHeath", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Alkali Heath", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Americanwidgeon", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "American widgeon", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Apid", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Apid", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Atlanticbumber", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Atlantic bumber", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/balloonfish", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "balloon fish", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bamboocoral", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bamboo coral", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bananaslug", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "banana slug", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/basketseastar", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "basket sea star", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Beachgrass", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Beach grass", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/beachhopper", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "beach hopper", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bird'sBeak", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bird's Beak", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/blackkatychiton", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "black katy chiton", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/blacktaileddeer", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "black tailed deer", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/blackturbansnail", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "black turban snail", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/blackberry", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "blackberry", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bleachweed", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "bleachweed", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/blenny", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "blenny", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bloodworm", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "blood worm", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bluespotchiton", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "blue spot chiton", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bluetopsnail", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "blue top snail", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bogorchidorladiestresses", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "bog orchid or ladies tresses", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bottlebrushseaweed", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "bottlebrush seaweed", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BrainSponge", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Brain Sponge", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/broadribkelp", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "broad rib kelp", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/broadwingedkelporribbonkelp", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "broad winged kelp or ribbon kelp", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/brokenbackshrimp", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "broken back shrimp", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bronzespotcucumber", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bronze spot cucumber", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/browncoral", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "brown coral", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", 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+"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Anseriformes (waterfowl) - seaducks", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Anseriformes(waterfowl)-surfacefeedingducks", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Anseriformes (waterfowl) - surface feeding ducks", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bivalve-Misc", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bivalve -Misc", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Cephalaspidomorhpi", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cephalaspidomorhpi", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Charadriiformes(shorebirds,gulls,alcids)-Scalopacidae(sandpipers)", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Charadriiformes (shorebirds, gulls, alcids) - Scalopacidae (sandpipers)", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Coastal", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Coastal", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DredgingandFilling", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Dredging and Filling", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Menashaandeffects", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Menasha and effects", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Mesozoans", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mesozoans", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Misc", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Misc", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Mudflats", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mudflats", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OctopodaandSepioidea", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Octopoda and Sepioidea", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Opisthobranchia-Notospidea", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Opisthobranchia - Notospidea", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Pelecaniformes(pelicansandallies)-Frigatidae(frigatebirds)", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Pelecaniformes (pelicans and allies) - Frigatidae (frigatebirds)", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SeascapesandLandscapes", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Seascapes and Landscapes", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UnsegmentedCoelomateWorms", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Unsegmented Coelomate Worms", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Urochordata:AppendiculariaorLarvacea", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Urochordata: Appendicularia or Larvacea", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WildflowersandGrasses", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wildflowers and Grasses", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZonationPatterns", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zonation Patterns", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Aerials", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Aerials", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Fernsandallies", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ferns and allies", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LandandWaterUse", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Land and Water Use", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Mammalia-Terrestrial", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Mammalia - Terrestrial", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MapsandCharts", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Maps and Charts", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NaturalViews", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Natural Views", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OIMBHistory", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "OIMB History", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Protistans", +"@type": "Property", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Protistans", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + } From 05593dcbc7aec8dbf8b915311f190cb564810c7d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Mon, 14 Jul 2014 14:37:40 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 098/186] Create mappings_misc.yml --- mappings_misc.yml | 51 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 51 insertions(+) create mode 100644 mappings_misc.yml diff --git a/mappings_misc.yml b/mappings_misc.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d597698 --- /dev/null +++ b/mappings_misc.yml @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +namespaces: + rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/terms/" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" + bibo: "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/" + foaf: "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" + geo: "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" + frbr: "http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/" + mads: "http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#" + marcrel: "http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/" + modsrdf: "http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/modsrdf/v1/" + premis: "http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v1#" + oregon: "http://tom.oregonstate.edu/" + vra: “http://purl.org/vra/” + swpo: "http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal#" # do we need this? + schema: "http://schema.org/" + iol: "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/IOLite.owl#" + daia: "http://uri.gbv.de/ontology/daia/" + exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns" + rdvocab: "http://rdvocab.info/roles" (not sure if correct URL) + + # + # misc + # + + title: dct:title + subjec: method:subject + descri: dct:description + creato: dct:creator + publis: dct:publisher + contri: dct:contributor + date: method:date + type: method:type + format: method:format + identi: dct:identifier + source: dct:source + langua: method:language + relati: (SKIP?) + covera: dct:Temporal + rights: method:rights + audien: #SKIP + full: #SKIP + fulla: oregon:FullText + contra: oregon:contributingInstitution From 32478f0c5f9dfe467d1e9de5f143b7c7d33429e3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Mon, 14 Jul 2014 14:38:12 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 099/186] Create mappings_uovets.yml --- mappings_uovets.yml | 58 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 58 insertions(+) create mode 100644 mappings_uovets.yml diff --git a/mappings_uovets.yml b/mappings_uovets.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ca8e27d --- /dev/null +++ b/mappings_uovets.yml @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +namespaces: + rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/terms/" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" + bibo: "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/" + foaf: "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" + geo: "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" + frbr: "http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/" + mads: "http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#" + marcrel: "http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/" + modsrdf: "http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/modsrdf/v1/" + premis: "http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v1#" + oregon: "http://tom.oregonstate.edu/" + vra: “http://purl.org/vra/” + swpo: "http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal#" # do we need this? + schema: "http://schema.org/" + iol: "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/IOLite.owl#" + daia: "http://uri.gbv.de/ontology/daia/" + exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns" + rdvocab: "http://rdvocab.info/roles" (not sure if correct URL) + + # + # uovets + # + + identi: dct:identifier + title: dct: title + interv: dct:creator + intera: dct:contributor + subjec: method:lc + descri: dct:description + branch: method:lc + occupa: dct:description + highes: dct:description + places: dct:description + interb: method:geographic + date: method:date + type: method:type + format: method:format + langua: method:language + audio: method:rights + transc: method:rights + publis: dct:publisher + notes: modsref:notes + metada: #SKIP + catalo: #SKIP + digiti: oregon:conversionSpecifications + relati: oregon:IsPartOf/set + contri: oregon:contributingInstitution + + From 12b579a5df68b54f0f03d276b3281c71a0b5db2e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Tue, 15 Jul 2014 08:56:15 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 100/186] Create mappings_athletics.yml --- mappings_athletics.yml | 100 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 100 insertions(+) create mode 100644 mappings_athletics.yml diff --git a/mappings_athletics.yml b/mappings_athletics.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3042e37 --- /dev/null +++ b/mappings_athletics.yml @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +namespaces: + rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/terms/" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" + bibo: "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/" + foaf: "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" + geo: "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" + frbr: "http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/" + mads: "http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#" + marcrel: "http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/" + modsrdf: "http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/modsrdf/v1/" + premis: "http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v1#" + oregon: "http://tom.oregonstate.edu/" + vra: “http://purl.org/vra/” + swpo: "http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal#" + schema: "http://schema.org/" + iol: "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/IOLite.owl#" + daia: "http://uri.gbv.de/ontology/daia/" + exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns" + rdvocab: "http://rdvocab.info/roles" + + # + # athletics + # + + title: dct:title + descra: dct:alternative + sourca: dct:description + descri: dct:description + collec: dct:IsPartOf + collea: dct:IsPartOf + folder: dct:IsPartOf + box: dct:IsPartOf + photo: dct:identifier + titla: dct:alternative + publia: dct:alternative + notes: modsref:notes + photog: mrel:pht + author: mrel:aut + publis: dct:publisher + data: oregon:cco/viewDate + datb: method:date + catalo: #SKIP + exhibi: method:subject + names: method:lcnaf + namea: method:lcnaf + subjec: method:subject + tgm: method:tgm + corpor: method:lcnaf + corpoa: method:lcnaf + place: method:location + date: dct:temporal + genre: method:subject + type: method:type + format: method:format + source: dct:source + langua: method:language + relati: dct:HasVersion + covera: #SKIP + rights: method:rights + proven: dct:provenance + sourcb: dct:extent + sourcc: schema:itemCondition + sourcd: method:format + number: schema:numberOfPages + donor: rdvocab:donor + citati: schema:citation + origin: dct:contributor + reposi: dct:IsPartOf + image: rdag1:fileSize + imaga: exif:width + imagb: exif:height + color: exif:colorSpace + sourcf: #SKIP + sourcg: #SKIP + captur: oregon:dateDigitized + captua: oregon:conversionSpecifications + resolu: #merge with captua + proces: #merge with captua + links: #SKIP + addito: dct:HasVersion + additi: dct:HasVersion + metada: #SKIP + imagc: #SKIP + imagd: #SKIP + scanni: #SKIP + other: dct:alternative + catala: #SKIP + full: #SKIP + load: #SKIP + ambros: #SKIP + digita: oregon:IsPartOf/set + contri: oregon:contributingInstitution From d86b0fc9463fb80c42ac694822902054acfc0396 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Tue, 15 Jul 2014 09:19:36 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 101/186] Update mappings_athletics.yml --- mappings_athletics.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/mappings_athletics.yml b/mappings_athletics.yml index 3042e37..6a39b13 100644 --- a/mappings_athletics.yml +++ b/mappings_athletics.yml @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ namespaces: relati: dct:HasVersion covera: #SKIP rights: method:rights - proven: dct:provenance + proven: #SKIP sourcb: dct:extent sourcc: schema:itemCondition sourcd: method:format From 66def5026d96fddf903e86cb90e16d07da22a9dc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Tue, 15 Jul 2014 14:26:27 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 102/186] Create mappings_petrarch.yml --- mappings_petrarch.yml | 52 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 52 insertions(+) create mode 100644 mappings_petrarch.yml diff --git a/mappings_petrarch.yml b/mappings_petrarch.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b10394a --- /dev/null +++ b/mappings_petrarch.yml @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +namespaces: + rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/terms/" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" + bibo: "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/" + foaf: "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" + geo: "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" + frbr: "http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/" + mads: "http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#" + marcrel: "http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/" + modsrdf: "http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/modsrdf/v1/" + premis: "http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v1#" + oregon: "http://tom.oregonstate.edu/" + vra: “http://purl.org/vra/” + swpo: "http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal#" # do we need this? + schema: "http://schema.org/" + iol: "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/IOLite.owl#" + daia: "http://uri.gbv.de/ontology/daia/" + exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns" + rdvocab: "http://rdvocab.info/roles" (not sure if correct URL) + + # + # petrarch + # + + title: dct:title + poems: dct:HasPart + subjec: method:subject + descri: dct:description + creato: dct:creator + publis: dct:publisher + contri: dct:contributors + date: method:date + type: method:type + format: method:format + identi: dct:identifier + source: dct:source + langua: method:language + relati: dct:IsPartOf + covera: dct:coverage + rights: method:rights + fulla: oregon:FullText + full: #SKIP + digita: oregon:IsPartOf/set + contra: oregon:contributingInstitution From 54799c17acc77f0c93d0cbe914158c06fbf31cd3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Tue, 15 Jul 2014 15:41:43 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 103/186] Create mappings_maic.yml --- mappings_maic.yml | 64 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 64 insertions(+) create mode 100644 mappings_maic.yml diff --git a/mappings_maic.yml b/mappings_maic.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c8fa162 --- /dev/null +++ b/mappings_maic.yml @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +namespaces: + rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/terms/" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" + bibo: "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/" + foaf: "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" + geo: "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" + frbr: "http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/" + mads: "http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#" + marcrel: "http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/" + modsrdf: "http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/modsrdf/v1/" + premis: "http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v1#" + oregon: "http://tom.oregonstate.edu/" + vra: “http://purl.org/vra/” + swpo: "http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal#" # do we need this? + schema: "http://schema.org/" + iol: "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/IOLite.owl#" + daia: "http://uri.gbv.de/ontology/daia/" + exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns" + rdvocab: "http://rdvocab.info/roles" (not sure if correct URL) + ov: "http://open.vocab.org/terms.ttl" (not sure if correct URL- or https://code.google.com/p/openvocab/) + + # + # maic + # + + title: dct:title + identi: dct:identifier + work: method:subject + altern: #merge with above?? + subjec: method:subject + descri: dct:description + proces: method:subject ???????? + point: dct:HasVersion + measur: dct:Extent + object: ov:compassDirection + primar: method:subject + second: method:subject + availa: dct:description + period: method:subject + perioa: method:subject + relati: dct:HasVersion + orient: dct:description + rights: mrel:pht + date: oregon:cco/viewDate + righta: method:rights + publis: dct:publisher + source: daia:label + data: oregon:dateDigitized + digiti: oregon:conversionSpecifications + image: #SKIP + type: method:type + format: method:format + metada: #SKIP + batch: #do we need this? + digita: oregon:IsPartOf/set + contri: oregon:contributingInstitution From 1404f8643568c879643086486bf1da71ae26c8d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Mon, 21 Jul 2014 11:38:16 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 104/186] Update terms.jsonld changes to percent_terms --- terms.jsonld | 275 +++------------------------------------------------ 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 263 deletions(-) diff --git a/terms.jsonld b/terms.jsonld index cc25827..c5568b7 100644 --- a/terms.jsonld +++ b/terms.jsonld @@ -21689,40 +21689,23 @@ { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bwdocument", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/blackandwhitedocument", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@value": "2014-07-21", "@type": "date" }, -"label": "bw document", +"label": "black and white document", "modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@value": "2014-07-21", "@type": "date" } }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bwmapindex", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "bw map index", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, - { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/colordocument", @@ -21731,12 +21714,12 @@ "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@value": "2014-07-21", "@type": "date" }, "label": "color document", "modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@value": "2014-07-21", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -21749,248 +21732,12 @@ "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@value": "2014-07-21", "@type": "date" }, "label": "color map", "modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, - - -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/digitalfile;color", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "digital file; color", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, - - -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/photocopy,8x10inches;color", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "photocopy, 8 x 10 inches; color", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": -"date" -} -}, - - -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/photocopy;bw", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "photocopy; bw", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, - - -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/photocopy;color", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "photocopy; color", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, - - -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/slide;kodachrome", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "slide; kodachrome", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, - - -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/document;color", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "document;color", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, - - -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/documents;bw", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "documents; bw", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, - - -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/mapindex;bw", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "map index; bw", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, - - -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/map;color", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "map; color", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, - - -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/photocopy,8x10inches;color", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "photocopy, 8 x 10 inches; color", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": -"date" -} -}, - - -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/photocopy;bw", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "photocopy; bw", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, - - -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/photocopy;color", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "photocopy; color", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -} -}, - - -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/slide;kodachrome", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "slide; kodachrome", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@value": "2014-07-21", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -22003,18 +21750,20 @@ "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" }, "issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@value": "2014-07-21", "@type": "date" }, "label": "Croplands ", "modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", +"@value": "2014-07-21", "@type": "date" } }, + + { ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ascidacea", "@type": "Property", From 37a684aa19ae29865ee108677735085c8dadaf8a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Mon, 21 Jul 2014 11:46:03 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 105/186] Update terms.jsonld --- terms.jsonld | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/terms.jsonld b/terms.jsonld index c5568b7..24e6ac5 100644 --- a/terms.jsonld +++ b/terms.jsonld @@ -21717,7 +21717,7 @@ "@value": "2014-07-21", "@type": "date" }, -"label": "color document", +"label": "color document", "modified": { "@value": "2014-07-21", "@type": "date" From a52e95598ba4e3ce3b58033e8cb7a8e5e54964de Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Wed, 23 Jul 2014 08:43:34 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 106/186] small edits --- names.jsonld | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/names.jsonld b/names.jsonld index ef79de1..f325955 100644 --- a/names.jsonld +++ b/names.jsonld @@ -28859,7 +28859,7 @@ "@type": "date" }, "label": "Snake (Horse)", - "comment": "Horse riden in the Pendelton Round-Up in 1913, Pendleton, Oregon", + "comment": "Horse ridden in the Pendelton Round-Up in 1913, Pendleton, Oregon", "modified": { "@value": "2014-05-16", "@type": "date" From f0790df83b6121ae37aaaf512241d2c6424de05d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Wed, 23 Jul 2014 09:04:25 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 107/186] added subjects from Moorhouse --- terms.jsonld | 19372 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------- 1 file changed, 10441 insertions(+), 8931 deletions(-) diff --git a/terms.jsonld b/terms.jsonld index cc25827..9d3997a 100644 --- a/terms.jsonld +++ b/terms.jsonld @@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ "Concept": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept", "@language": "en", "Monument": "http://www.ontotext.com/proton/protonext#Monument", - "Facility": "http://www.ontotext.com/proton/protonext#Facility" + "Facility": "http://www.ontotext.com/proton/protonext#Facility", + "alternateName": "https://schema.org/alternateName" }, "@graph": [ @@ -1393,7 +1394,7 @@ "label": "CultureName", "comment": "AuthorityNote. Note", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1411,7 +1412,7 @@ "label": "Pontic", "comment": "Culture of the historic region of Pontus, roughly encompassed most of the eastern Black Sea coast of northeastern Asia Minor, on the coast from just west of Ayancık to east of Hopa.. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1429,7 +1430,7 @@ "label": "Ababdah", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Sudan Alternate name: Ababda, Ababde Cushitic language; one of the groups included in the collective term Beja ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1447,7 +1448,7 @@ "label": "Abam", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Nigeria Alternate name: Ohaffia, Ohafya Kwa language; subcategory of the Igbo; one of the groups referred to as Eastern Igbo ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1465,7 +1466,7 @@ "label": "Abong", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Cameroun, Nigeria Alternate name: Abo, Abõ, Abõn Bantu related language; one of the groups included in the collective term Tigong ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1483,7 +1484,7 @@ "label": "Aksum", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Ethiopia Alternate name: Axum ancient Ethiopian city and kingdom flourishing from the first millenium B.C.E. to about 800 A.D. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1501,7 +1502,7 @@ "label": "Andean", "comment": "Damian, Carol; Virgin of the Andes; Art and Ritual in Colonial Cuzco, Miami Beach: Grassfield Press, 1995. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1519,7 +1520,7 @@ "label": "Bai (China)", "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. Chinese: 白族; pinyin: Báizú. One of the 56 ethnic minorities officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. The Bai population is primarily located in the provinces of Yunnan (Dali area) and in neighboring Guizhou (Bijie area) and Hunan (Sangzhi area) provinces. 80% of the Bai people live in the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan province.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1537,7 +1538,7 @@ "label": "Batak (Sumatran)", "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. Toba subgroup, Sumatra, Indonesia", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1555,7 +1556,7 @@ "label": "Belanda", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Sudan The term Belanda (or Bor-Belanda) includes both the Bor (or JoBor) speaking a Western Nilotic langauge and the Bviri (or Bor-Bviri) speaking an Eastern Sudanic language ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1573,7 +1574,7 @@ "label": "Bering Strait Inuit", "comment": "Lee, Molly and Gregory A. Reinhardt; Eskimo Architecture: Dwelling and Structure in the Early Historic Period, Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press and University of Alaska Museum, 2003. United States, ARCTIC: West coast of alaska Language: ?", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1591,7 +1592,7 @@ "label": "Biwat", "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. Middle Yuat River, lower Sepik River area, Papua New Guinea people, aka Mundugumor", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1609,7 +1610,7 @@ "label": "Cabinda", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Congo Republic region/enclave in the Congo Republic but the term is sometimes used to refer to the art of the Vili peoples ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1627,7 +1628,7 @@ "label": "Chokwe", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Angola, Zaire, Zambia Alternate name: Bachokwe, Badjok, Badjokwe, Bajokwe, Batshioko, Ciokwe, Cokwe, Djok, Djokwe, Kioko, Kiokue, Quioco, Shioko, Tschokwe, Tshioko, Tshokwe, Tuchokwe, Watschiwokwe Bantu language Chokwe is the current usage in most art sources while linguists seem to prefer the form Cokwe. One of the groups included in the Lunda-Lovale peoples. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1645,7 +1646,7 @@ "label": "Dho Luo", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Kenya Alternate name: Luo Western Nilotic language; one of the groups included in the collective term Nilotic peoples; sometimes referred to as Southern Lwoo ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1663,7 +1664,7 @@ "label": "Faafue", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Côte d’Ivoire Kwa language; subcategory of the Baule ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1681,7 +1682,7 @@ "label": "Gabbra", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Ethiopia, Kenya Alternate name: Gabra Cushitic language; subcategory of the Oromo ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1699,7 +1700,7 @@ "label": "Grasslands", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Cameroun Alternate name: Grassfields One of three very large so-called stylistic regions in the Cameroun; the others being 2) Northern and Central Cameroun together ranging from southern Lake Chad to Adamawa, and 3) ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1717,7 +1718,7 @@ "label": "Huari", "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1735,7 +1736,7 @@ "label": "Hungana", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Zaire Alternate name: Bahuana, Bahungana, Huana, Hungaan, Hungana, Hunganna, Wana SOUTH SAVANNA Bantu language ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1753,7 +1754,7 @@ "label": "Isaaq", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Somalia Alternate name: Issaq Cushitic language; clan-family of the Somali ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1771,7 +1772,7 @@ "label": "Itakete", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Nigeria Kwa language; subcategory of the Yoruba ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1789,7 +1790,7 @@ "label": "Jamala", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Côte d’Ivoire Gur language; subcategory of the Senufo ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1807,7 +1808,7 @@ "label": "Kalabari", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Nigeria Alternate name: Kalabari Ijo Kwa language; Kalabari is a term sometimes used synonymously with the Ijo, the capital of the Ijo, and also as an eastern subcategory of the Ijo. see RWL for a more extensive list of subcategories. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1825,7 +1826,7 @@ "label": "Kambot", "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. Lower Sepik River, Papua New Guinea people, aka Tindama, Tin Dama", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1843,7 +1844,7 @@ "label": "Kom", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Cameroun Alternate name: Bamekom, Bekom, Bikom, Kom-Tikar, Nkom Bantoid language; subcategory of Tikar, one of the groups included in the collective term Bamenda ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1861,7 +1862,7 @@ "label": "Luluwa", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Zaire Alternate name: Bashilange, Bena Lulua, Bena Luluwa, Bena Moyo, Lulua, Shilange Bantu language; one of the groups included in the collective term Bakasai AAT USES LULUA ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1879,7 +1880,7 @@ "label": "Lumbo (Congo Republic, Gabon)", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Congo Republic, Gabon Alternate name: Balumbo, Loumbou, Lumbu Bantu language ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1897,7 +1898,7 @@ "label": "Maasai", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Kenya, Tanzania Alternate name: Masai, Massai Eastern Nilotic language; grouped as Northern Maasai, Central or Rift Valley Maasai, and Southern Maasai; one of the groups included in the collective term “Nilo-Hamitic” peoples. see GWS 1969 for numerous additional subcategories*. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1915,7 +1916,7 @@ "label": "Mamluk (African group)", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. CENTRAL-EAST SUDAN ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1933,7 +1934,7 @@ "label": "Masai", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. EAST AFRICA ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1951,7 +1952,7 @@ "label": "Mawri", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Niger Alternate name: Mauri Chadic language; subcategory of the Hausa ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1969,7 +1970,7 @@ "label": "Minianka", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Mali Alternate name: Minyanka Gur language; sometimes considered a Senufo subcategory ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -1987,7 +1988,7 @@ "label": "Montol", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Nigeria Chadic language ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2005,7 +2006,7 @@ "label": "Mossi", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Guinea, Burkina Faso, Togo Alternate name: Mole, More, Moose, Mosi Gur language; The term Moose seems currrently preferable. The Mossi states or Mossi kingdom, circa 1500-1900, were formed in the 16th century by Dagomba horsemen called Nakomse from Ghana, and established rule over various l ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2023,7 +2024,7 @@ "label": "Ndebele", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. South Africa, Zimbabwe Alternate name: Amandebele, Mandebele Bantu language; Have absorbed many different groups;consequently, they are divided into 3 categories: Zansi, people from down countries; Enhla, people from up countries; Holi, people of Shona-Kalanga origins ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2041,7 +2042,7 @@ "label": "Northern Madak", "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2059,7 +2060,7 @@ "label": "Ntandu", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Zaire Alternate name: Bantandu Bantu language; subcategory of the Kongo ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2077,7 +2078,7 @@ "label": "Oaxacan", "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2095,7 +2096,7 @@ "label": "Pende", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Zaire Alternate name: Bapende, Phende, Pindi, Pinji Bantu language; some sources distinguish between Eastern (or Kasai) Pende and Western Pende ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2113,7 +2114,7 @@ "label": "Punu", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Congo Republic, Gabon Alternate name: Apono, Bapunu, Pounou, Puno Bantu language ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2131,7 +2132,7 @@ "label": "Rendile", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Kenya Cushitic language ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2149,7 +2150,7 @@ "label": "Rongowhakaata (Maori)", "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2167,7 +2168,7 @@ "label": "Saka", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Zaire Alternate name: Bosaka Bantu language; subcategory of Mongo ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2185,7 +2186,7 @@ "label": "Samburu", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Kenya Alternate name: Il Loikop, Loikop, Loikpo, Sampur Eastern Nilotic language; one of the groups included in the collective term “Nilo-Hamitic” peoples; close in culture to the Maasai; sometimes considered to be a branch of the Maasai ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2203,7 +2204,7 @@ "label": "Shona", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique Alternate name: Mashona Bantu language; a congeries of “tribes” including the Hera, Kalanga, Karanga, Korekore, Manyika, Mbire, Ndau, Rozwi, Tawara, and Zezuru ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2221,7 +2222,7 @@ "label": "Sicán", "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2239,7 +2240,7 @@ "label": "Somali (group)", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia Cushitic language ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2257,7 +2258,7 @@ "label": "Swahili", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Comores, Kenya, Mozambique, Somalia, Tanzania, Zaire Alternate name: Suaheli, Suaili, Wasuaheli Bantu language; Swahili is a contextual term applied to people of mixed African, Arab and ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2275,7 +2276,7 @@ "label": "Tiwanaku", "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2293,7 +2294,7 @@ "label": "Topotha", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Ethiopia, Sudan Alternate name: Dabosa, Toposa Eastern Nilotic language; one of the groups included in the collective term “Nilo-Hamitic” peoples ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2311,7 +2312,7 @@ "label": "Turkana", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Kenya, Sudan Eastern Nilotic language; one of the groups included in the collective term “Nilo-Hamitic” peoples ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2329,7 +2330,7 @@ "label": "Usukuma", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. EAST AFRICA ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2347,7 +2348,7 @@ "label": "Yoruba", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Benin, Nigeria, Togo Alternate name: Yorba, Yorouba Kwa language; the Yoruba kingdoms date from circa 1000. to the present. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2365,7 +2366,7 @@ "label": "Yoruba Owo", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. CENTRAL GUINEA COAST ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2383,7 +2384,7 @@ "label": "Yoruba Oyo", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. CENTRAL GUINEA COAST ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2401,7 +2402,7 @@ "label": "Zulu", "comment": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., Susan Kelliher and Linda McRae; African Ethnonyms: Index to Art-Producing People of Africa, New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, Swaziland Alternate name: Amazulu Bantu language ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2419,7 +2420,7 @@ "label": "Kazak (China)", "comment": "Wang Qijun; Vernacular Dwellings (Ancient Chinese Architecture, v.5), English edition, New York: Springer Verlag/Wien, 2000. Kazak ethnic minority descended from the ancient Wushu tribes and distributed mainly in Xinjiang Ili Kazak autonomous prefecture, Mori and Barkol Kazak autonomous counties and the Gansu and Qinghai provinces.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2437,7 +2438,7 @@ "label": "Miao (China)", "comment": "Garrett, Valery M; Chinese clothing : an illustrated guide, Hong Kong ; New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. The Miao (Chinese: 苗; pinyin: Miáo) are a linguistically and culturally related group of people recognized by the government of the People's Republic of China as one of the 56 official minority groups.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2455,7 +2456,7 @@ "label": "Mongol (China)", "comment": "Feng, Hanji and Huang, Bangjie; National minority costume in China, Hong Kong: Hui yan ya ji, 1985. With a population of 5,813,947, the Mongols (also called Mongolian) ethnic minority is distributed primarily in the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region along with others in provinces like Qinghai, Gansu, Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang, etc. This ethnic minority is brave and unconstrained with a profound history. Though they called themselves 'Mongol', meaning everlasting fire, other people refer to them as 'an ethnic minority on the horseback'.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2473,7 +2474,7 @@ "label": "St. Johns Culture", "comment": "Morgan, William N.; Prehistoric Architecture in the Eastern United States, Cambridge, MA; London: MIT Press, 1980. United States, SOUTHEASTERN Prehistoric: 500 BCE-1565", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2491,7 +2492,7 @@ "label": "Va (China)", "comment": "Feng, Hanji and Huang, Bangjie; National minority costume in China, Hong Kong: Hui yan ya ji, 1985. The Va people form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the PRC. They live primarily in the counties of Ximeng, Cangyuan and Menglian in Yunnan Provinces. According to the census of 2000, the Wa people has a population of 396,610.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2509,7 +2510,7 @@ "label": "Yao (China)", "comment": "Garrett, Valery M; Chinese clothing : an illustrated guide, Hong Kong ; New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. With a population of 2,637,421 in the year 2000, the Yao ethnic minority is a typical nationality living in the mountainous regions of the southern part of China. Their main habitats are Hunan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guizhou, and Jiangxi together with Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Prefecture. They are divided into several branches, such as Baiku Yao (the Yao people who wear white trousers), Hong Yao (the Yao people who favor red clothes), and so on. Similar to the other 54 ethnic groups of China, the Yao ethnic minority has its unique religious and cultural characteristics.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2527,7 +2528,7 @@ "label": "Chippewah", "comment": "Nabokov, Peter and Robert Easton; Native American Architecture, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. United States, NORTHEASTERN: Shores of Lake Huron and Lake Superior, extending across Minnesota to Turtle Mountains, North Dakota Alternate names: Baouichtigouin, Bawa'tigowininiwug, Achiligouan Related Groups: Missisauga, Amikwa Language: Algonquian SEE OJIBWA ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2545,7 +2546,7 @@ "label": "East Greenland Inuit", "comment": "Lee, Molly and Gregory A. Reinhardt; Eskimo Architecture: Dwelling and Structure in the Early Historic Period, Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press and University of Alaska Museum, 2003. United States, ARCTIC: eastern coast of Greenland Language: Inuit ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2563,7 +2564,7 @@ "label": "French Polynesian", "comment": "Brettell, Richard et al; The Art of Paul Gauguin, Hardcover, Washington, DC and Chicago: National Gallery of Art and the Art Institute of Chicago, 1988. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2581,7 +2582,7 @@ "label": "Gibraltar", "comment": "Zaigai Nihon no shihō (Japanese Art: Selections from Western Collections) v.8, Tokyo: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1980. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2599,7 +2600,7 @@ "label": "Hunkapapa", "comment": "Laubin, Reginald and Gladys; Indian Tipi: Its History, Construction and Use, 2nd edition, Norman, OK; London: University of Oklahoma Press, 1977. United States, PLAINS Alternate names: Hunkapapa Lakota, Hunkapapa Sioux Related Groups: Sioux, Dakota Sioux Language: Lakota ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2617,7 +2618,7 @@ "label": "Klickitat", "comment": "Harper, J. Russell; Paul Kane's Frontier, Austin; Ottawa: University of Texas Press; National Gallery of Canada, 1971. United States, PLATEAU: headwaters of the Cowlitz, Lewis, White salmon and Klichkitat rivers in Central Washington Alternate names: Qulh-hwai-pum Language: Sahaptian ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2635,7 +2636,7 @@ "label": "Kotzebue Sound Inuit", "comment": "Lee, Molly and Gregory A. Reinhardt; Eskimo Architecture: Dwelling and Structure in the Early Historic Period, Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press and University of Alaska Museum, 2003. United States, ARCTIC: West coast of alaska Language: ? ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2653,7 +2654,7 @@ "label": "Li", "comment": "Feng, Hanji and Huang, Bangjie; National minority costume in China, Hong Kong: Hui yan ya ji, 1985. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2671,7 +2672,7 @@ "label": "Wallis and Futuna Islander", "comment": "Leymarie, Jean; French Painting: The Nineteenth Century, Cleveland: World Publishing Company, 1962. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2689,7 +2690,7 @@ "label": "West Greenland Inuit", "comment": "Lee, Molly and Gregory A. Reinhardt; Eskimo Architecture: Dwelling and Structure in the Early Historic Period, Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press and University of Alaska Museum, 2003. United States, ARCTIC: western coast of Greenland Language: Inuit ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2707,7 +2708,7 @@ "label": "Hattian", "comment": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattians. The Hattians were an ancient people who inhabited the land of Hatti. The group was documented at least as early as the empire of Sargon of Akkad, until it was gradually absorbed c.2000–1700 BC by the Indo-European Hittites, who became identified with the "land of Hatti".", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2725,7 +2726,7 @@ "label": "Plum Bayou Culture", "comment": "http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=547. United States, SOUTHEASTERN Prehistoric: 650-1050 CE Plum Bayou developed out of the earlier (300 BC to AD 650) Baytown culture", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2743,7 +2744,7 @@ "label": "Cimmerian", "comment": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimmerians. The Cimmerians or Kimmerians (Greek: Κιμμέριοι, Kimmerioi) were an ancient Indo-European people living north of the Caucasus and the Sea of Azov as early as 1300 BC[1] until they were driven southward by the Scythians into Anatolia during the 8th century BC", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2761,7 +2762,7 @@ "label": "Da", "comment": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dai_people. The Dai people are one of several ethnic groups living in the Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture and the Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture (both in southern Yunnan, China), but by extension can apply to groups in Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, and Burma when Dai is used to mean specifically Tai Lue, Chinese Shan, Tai Dam, Tai Khao or even Tai in general", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2779,7 +2780,7 @@ "label": "Daunian", "comment": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daunia. The Daunia is a historical and geographical region in Apulia, southern Italy, mostly coincident with modern Province of Foggia. Its inhabitants were called the Daunians by the ancient Greeks and were also known as the Daunii and the Apulians to the ancient Romans.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2797,7 +2798,7 @@ "label": "Etretrian", "comment": ". Term used by Steven Lowenstam", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2815,7 +2816,7 @@ "label": "Falerian", "comment": "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/falerian. Of or relating to the ancient Etruscan city of Falerii.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2833,7 +2834,7 @@ "label": "Falernian", "comment": "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/falernian. Of or coming from a district of Campania called Falernus ager by the Romans —used especially of a wine celebrated by Horace", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2851,7 +2852,7 @@ "label": "Konkombwa", "comment": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konkomba. The Dagomba are an ethnic group of Northern Ghana and they number about 619,000. They inhabit the Northern Region of Ghana in the sparse savanna region below the sahelian belt, known as the Sudan. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2869,7 +2870,7 @@ "label": "Lukanian", "comment": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucania. Culture of an ancient district of southern Italy, extending from the Tyrrhenian Sea to the Gulf of Taranto", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2887,7 +2888,7 @@ "label": "Pergamanes", "comment": ". Culture related to the city of Pergamon in Ancient Greece.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2905,7 +2906,7 @@ "label": "Phocaen", "comment": ". Term used by Steven Lowenstam", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2923,7 +2924,7 @@ "label": "Samosian", "comment": ". Culture related to the island of Samos in Ancient Greece", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2941,7 +2942,7 @@ "label": "Sidonian", "comment": ". Culture related to the Ancient Phoneician port city of Sidonia or Sidon.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2959,7 +2960,7 @@ "label": "Wa (China)", "comment": "Feng, Hanji and Huang, Bangjie; National minority costume in China, Hong Kong: Hui yan ya ji, 1985. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2977,7 +2978,7 @@ "label": "undetermined", "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -2995,7 +2996,7 @@ "label": "Alsatian", "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3013,7 +3014,7 @@ "label": "Corsican", "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3031,7 +3032,7 @@ "label": "Transylvanian", "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3049,7 +3050,7 @@ "label": "Soviet", "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3067,7 +3068,7 @@ "label": "Ukranian", "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3085,7 +3086,7 @@ "label": "Ancient Italian", "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3103,7 +3104,7 @@ "label": "Bolognese", "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3121,7 +3122,7 @@ "label": "Bosnian, Herzegovinian", "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3139,7 +3140,7 @@ "label": "Chinese/Hong Kong", "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3157,7 +3158,7 @@ "label": "Corinthian", "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3175,7 +3176,7 @@ "label": "Euboian", "comment": "Getty Appendices. Euboean", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3193,7 +3194,7 @@ "label": "Florentine", "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3211,7 +3212,7 @@ "label": "laconic", "comment": "Getty Appendices. Laconian", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3229,7 +3230,7 @@ "label": "Macedonian", "comment": "Getty Appendices. Ancient Macedonian", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3247,7 +3248,7 @@ "label": "Milanese", "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3265,7 +3266,7 @@ "label": "Montenegrin", "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3283,7 +3284,7 @@ "label": "Peloponnesian", "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3301,7 +3302,7 @@ "label": "Rhenish", "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3319,7 +3320,7 @@ "label": "Sienese", "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3337,7 +3338,7 @@ "label": "Singapore", "comment": "Getty Appendices. Singaporean", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3355,7 +3356,7 @@ "label": "South Korean", "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3373,7 +3374,7 @@ "label": "Velezuelan", "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3391,7 +3392,7 @@ "label": "Yemeni", "comment": "Getty Appendices. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3409,7 +3410,7 @@ "label": "Abd al-Wadid", "comment": "Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.; Encyclopaedia Britannica Online, Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2007. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3427,7 +3428,7 @@ "label": "Abstract Kineticist", "comment": "Term originated with Art on File. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3445,7 +3446,7 @@ "label": "Afsharid", "comment": "Hattstein, Markus and Peter Delius; Islam: Art and Architecture, Cologne: Könemann, 2000. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3463,7 +3464,7 @@ "label": "Akbari", "comment": "Dehejia, Vidya. Indian art. London : Phaidon Press, 1997. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3481,7 +3482,7 @@ "label": "Alawid", "comment": "http://collection.britishmuseum.org/resource/thes/x113908. The Filali Sharifs claimed descent from the Prophet Muhammad. They originated from south-eastern Morocco and restored central authority throughout Morocco in the late 17th-18th centuries.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3499,7 +3500,7 @@ "label": "Altun-Ha", "comment": "Reents-Budet, Dorie; Painting the Maya Universe: Royal Ceramics form the Classic Period, Durham; London: Duke University Press, 1994. Named after the site in central Belize where the majority of vessels have been discovered. The style is distinctive not only for the black backgrounds but also for the unusually colorful head variant hieroglyphs of the pss texts painted on these vessels. These vases may provide us with the first evidence of Yucatec Mayan being spoken so far south of its traditional area, the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3517,7 +3518,7 @@ "label": "Ansei", "comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3535,7 +3536,7 @@ "label": "Aode Kokutani style", "comment": "Singer, Robert T.; Edo, Art in Japan 1615-1968, Washington: National Gallery of Art, 1998. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3553,7 +3554,7 @@ "label": "Arabshahids", "comment": "Hattstein, Markus and Peter Delius; Islam: Art and Architecture, Cologne: Könemann, 2000. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3571,7 +3572,7 @@ "label": "Art Brut", "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3589,7 +3590,7 @@ "label": "Art-Evolució", "comment": "Robinson, William H, Jordi Falgàs, and Carmen Belen Lord; Barcelona and Modernity: Picasso, Gaudí, Miró, Dalí, Cleveland, New Haven: Cleveland Museum of Art, Yale University Press, 2006. A Spanish avant-garde movement associated with Joaquín Torres-García. His focus on the subject of the city offered a clean break from the classicism of Noucentisme and was well suited for his experiments in cubist form. Art-Evolució was one of the first movements in Spain to integrate the formal innovations and theories prevalent in the broader European avant-garde. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3607,7 +3608,7 @@ "label": "Artuqid", "comment": "Hoag, John D.; Islamic Architecture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1977. The Artuqid dynasty (Artuklu in Turkish, sometimes also spelled as Artukid or Ortokid; Turkish plural: Artukoğulları) was an Oghuz Turkish dynasty that ruled in Eastern Anatolia and Northern Iraq in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Two main branches of the dynasty ruled from Hasankeyf (Hısn-ı Keyf, Hısnkeyfa) between 1102–1231 and Mardin between 1106–1186 (and until 1409 as vassals). There was also a third branch that acquired Harput in 1112 and was independent between 1185–1233. The dynasty was founded by Artuq, son of Eksük, a general originally under Malik Shah I and then under the Seljuk emir of Damascus, Tutush I. Tutush appointed Artuq governor of Jerusalem in 1086. Artuq died in 1091, and his sons Sokman and Ilghazi were expelled from Jerusalem by the Fatimid vizier al-Afdal Shahanshah in 1098; the Fatimids lost the city to the crusaders the following year.. (Wikipedia)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3625,7 +3626,7 @@ "label": "Ashtarkhanid (Janid)", "comment": "Term originated in the University of Oregon Visual Resources Collection slide collections. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3643,7 +3644,7 @@ "label": "Aurelian", "comment": "Rossi, Guido Alberto and Franco Lefèvre; Rome From the Air, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1989. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3661,7 +3662,7 @@ "label": "Ayutthaya", "comment": "Mannikka, Eleanor; Selected Topics in Cataloging Asian Art: VRA, VRA Special Bulletin No. 4, Visual Resources Association, 1989. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3679,7 +3680,7 @@ "label": "Batak (Sumatran style)", "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. Toba subgroup, Sumatra, Indonesia", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3697,7 +3698,7 @@ "label": "Bay-Area Figurative School", "comment": "http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195335798.001.0001/acref-9780195335798-e-153. Term applied to a group of American artists active in San Francisco from 1950 to the mid-1960s who forged a vibrant brand of figurative expressionism. Originating in the studios and art schools of postwar San Francisco, the movement transcended its regional identity to attain national recognition as a major trend in mid-20th-century American art.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3715,7 +3716,7 @@ "label": "Bering Strait Inuit", "comment": "Lee, Molly and Gregory A. Reinhardt; Eskimo Architecture: Dwelling and Structure in the Early Historic Period, Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press and University of Alaska Museum, 2003. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3733,7 +3734,7 @@ "label": "Blanc de Chine ware", "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). Ivory-white porcelain with transparent glaze produced from Dehua kilns in Fujian province. Shapes such as tripods, footed censers and zun, as well as figures and devotional objects (most common is Guanyin), are typical. Exported in the 17th and 18th centuries.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3751,7 +3752,7 @@ "label": "Blaue Reiter", "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. Expressionist group", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3769,7 +3770,7 @@ "label": "Blue and white ware", "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). Most important development of Yuan dynasty ceramic production was underglaze blue painting. The blue is derived from cobalt oxide, fired in a reducing atmosphere. Designs were painted on an unfired white porcelain body. Earliest dated blue and white is 1319, excavated from a tomb in Jiangxi. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3787,7 +3788,7 @@ "label": "Brandywine School", "comment": "Term originated with the Bridgeman Art Library. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3805,7 +3806,7 @@ "label": "Bunka", "comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3823,7 +3824,7 @@ "label": "Bunkyū", "comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3841,7 +3842,7 @@ "label": "Bunsei", "comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3859,7 +3860,7 @@ "label": "Cape Cod Colonial", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Kingston Heath, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3877,7 +3878,7 @@ "label": "Chaco", "comment": "Nabokov, Peter and Robert Easton; Native American Architecture, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3895,7 +3896,7 @@ "label": "Chaghatayid", "comment": "Hattstein, Markus and Peter Delius; Islam: Art and Architecture, Cologne: Könemann, 2000. Use with Mongol", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3913,7 +3914,7 @@ "label": "Classic Cottage", "comment": "Hawkins, William J., III and Willaim F. Willingham; Classic Houses of Portland, Oregon, 1850-1950, Portland, OR: Timber Press, 2005. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3931,7 +3932,7 @@ "label": "Domitian", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3949,7 +3950,7 @@ "label": "Downing cottage", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Kingston Heath, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3967,7 +3968,7 @@ "label": "Early Apulian", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -3985,7 +3986,7 @@ "label": "Early Boetian", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4003,7 +4004,7 @@ "label": "Early Helladic II", "comment": "Matz, Friedrich; Art of Crete and Early Greece: the Prelude to Greek Art, New York: Greystone Press, 1962. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4021,7 +4022,7 @@ "label": "Early Helladic III", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4039,7 +4040,7 @@ "label": "Early Historic", "comment": "Mannikka, Eleanor; Selected Topics in Cataloging Asian Art: VRA, VRA Special Bulletin No. 4, Visual Resources Association, 1989. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4057,7 +4058,7 @@ "label": "Early Lucanian", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4075,7 +4076,7 @@ "label": "Early Mannerist", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4093,7 +4094,7 @@ "label": "Early Minoan II", "comment": "Matz, Friedrich; Art of Crete and Early Greece: the Prelude to Greek Art, New York: Greystone Press, 1962. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4111,7 +4112,7 @@ "label": "Early Prepalatial", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4129,7 +4130,7 @@ "label": "Early Tang", "comment": "Fong, Wen C. and James C.Y. Watt; Possessing the Past, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1996. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4147,7 +4148,7 @@ "label": "East Aegean", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4165,7 +4166,7 @@ "label": "East Ionian", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4183,7 +4184,7 @@ "label": "Edo Middle Period", "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4201,7 +4202,7 @@ "label": "Erub Island", "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. Australian; aka Darnley Island", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4219,7 +4220,7 @@ "label": "Exotic", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Michael Shellenbarger, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4237,7 +4238,7 @@ "label": "Federal Vernacular", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Leland Roth, University of Oregon. An early Oregon building style created by non-professional builders remembering buildings and styles from the East Coast. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4255,7 +4256,7 @@ "label": "Hammudid", "comment": "Barrucand, Marianne and Achim Bednorz; Moorish Architecture in Andalucia, Los Angeles: Taschen GmbH, 2007. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4273,7 +4274,7 @@ "label": "Harmonist (Christian sect)", "comment": "Zimmerman, Philip; Harmony in Wood, Ambridge, PA: Friends of Old Economy Village, 2010. Members of the Harmony Society, a pietist, communal German religious group of separatist Lutherans, founded in 1814 by German immigrant George Rapp (actually Johann Georg Rapp) and then settled in Pennsylvania and Indiana.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4291,7 +4292,7 @@ "label": "Hattian", "comment": "Term originated in the University of Oregon Visual Resources Collection slide collections. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4309,7 +4310,7 @@ "label": "Hudson River School", "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4327,7 +4328,7 @@ "label": "Inaqid", "comment": "Hattstein, Markus and Peter Delius; Islam: Art and Architecture, Cologne: Könemann, 2000. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4345,7 +4346,7 @@ "label": "Inca Horizon Period", "comment": "Damian, Carol; Virgin of the Andes; Art and Ritual in Colonial Cuzco, Miami Beach: Grassfield Press, 1995. This period is also known as the Imperial Era, a period of great expansion for the Incan empire.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4363,7 +4364,7 @@ "label": "Jalayir", "comment": "Term originated with the Freer Gallery of Art. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4381,7 +4382,7 @@ "label": "Jalayirid", "comment": "Hattstein, Markus and Peter Delius; Islam: Art and Architecture, Cologne: Könemann, 2000. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4399,7 +4400,7 @@ "label": "Justiniac", "comment": "Kleiner, Fred S. and Christin J. Mamiya; Gardner's Art Through the Ages, Twelfth Edition, Belmont, California: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2005. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4417,7 +4418,7 @@ "label": "Kaei", "comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4435,7 +4436,7 @@ "label": "Kambot", "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. Lower Sepik River, Papua New Guinea people, aka Tindama, Tin Dama", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4453,7 +4454,7 @@ "label": "Keicho", "comment": "Kuroda, Taizo, Melinda Takeuchi and Yuzo Yamane; Worlds Seen and Imagined: Japanese Screens from The Idemitsu Museum of Arts, New York: Abbeville Press Publishers, 1995 (0789200813). ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4471,7 +4472,7 @@ "label": "Keiō", "comment": "Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e Paintings in the British Museum, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4489,7 +4490,7 @@ "label": "Kemares ware", "comment": "Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.; Encyclopaedia Britannica Online, Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2007. Middle Minoan pottery style", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4507,7 +4508,7 @@ "label": "Kersch style", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4525,7 +4526,7 @@ "label": "Khwarazm-Shahs", "comment": "Hattstein, Markus and Peter Delius; Islam: Art and Architecture, Cologne: Könemann, 2000. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4543,7 +4544,7 @@ "label": "Koetsu style", "comment": "Fischer, Felice, et al.; Arts of Hon'Ami Koetsu, Japanese Renaissance Master, Philadelphia: Philadephi Museum of Art, 2000. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4561,7 +4562,7 @@ "label": "Koimari style", "comment": "Singer, Robert T. et al.; Edo: Art in Japan 1615-1868, Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1998. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4579,7 +4580,7 @@ "label": "Konbaung dynasty", "comment": "Term originated in the University of Oregon Visual Resources Collection slide collections. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4597,7 +4598,7 @@ "label": "Kotzebue Sound Inuit", "comment": "Lee, Molly and Gregory A. Reinhardt; Eskimo Architecture: Dwelling and Structure in the Early Historic Period, Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press and University of Alaska Museum, 2003. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4615,7 +4616,7 @@ "label": "Laeconian", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4633,7 +4634,7 @@ "label": "late Faliscan", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4651,7 +4652,7 @@ "label": "Late Flavian", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4669,7 +4670,7 @@ "label": "Late Helladic IIIA-B", "comment": "Term originated in the University of Oregon Visual Resources Collection slide collections. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4687,7 +4688,7 @@ "label": "Late Kofun", "comment": "Ford, Barbara Brennan; Arts of Japan, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1987. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4705,7 +4706,7 @@ "label": "Late Mycenaean IIIC period", "comment": "Term originated in the University of Oregon Visual Resources Collection slide collections. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4723,7 +4724,7 @@ "label": "Late Petén architecture", "comment": "Schmidt, Peter and Mercedes da la Garza and Enrique Nalda; Maya, New York: Rizzoli, 1998. Distinguished by compact mounds made from rough cut blocks, groups of complexes or monumental architectonic masses, connected by networks of walkways called, sacbeoob. A variant / sub - style is identified as the Megalithic style where fine stone cutting is utilized in designing building materials. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4741,7 +4742,7 @@ "label": "Late Proto-Attic (Mainland Greek pottery styles)", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4759,7 +4760,7 @@ "label": "Late Sang", "comment": "Fong, Wen C. and James C.Y. Watt; Possessing the Past, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1996. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4777,7 +4778,7 @@ "label": "Levanto-Helladic", "comment": "Term originated in the University of Oregon Visual Resources Collection slide collections. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4795,7 +4796,7 @@ "label": "Little nestor", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4813,7 +4814,7 @@ "label": "Maghrib", "comment": "Falk, Toby, ed.; Treatures of Islam, London: Philip Wilson Publishers, Ltd., 1985 . Use with African, North African", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4831,7 +4832,7 @@ "label": "Malla Dynasty", "comment": "Term originated with Saskia, Ltd. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4849,7 +4850,7 @@ "label": "Manghitid", "comment": "http://www.papersearch.net/view/detail.asp?detail_key=1b400150. The Manghitid dynasty was founded by Muhammad Rahim, a chief of Manghit tribe, who was enthroned in 1756 through the execution of a Chingisid Bukharan khan. However, as one of the Bukharan 92 tribes, the Manghit tribe could not successfully claim their suzerainty over other tribes, who attained their own areas of influence. The Manghitids devised various measures to secure loyalty of other tribes, yet intractable nomadic tribes, including Khitai-Qipchaqs, refused to acknowledge Manghitids` legitimacy", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4867,7 +4868,7 @@ "label": "Marinid", "comment": "http://collection.britishmuseum.org/resource/thes/x116948. aka Merinid North African", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4885,7 +4886,7 @@ "label": "Maya Late Classical", "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4903,7 +4904,7 @@ "label": "Middle Apulian", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4921,7 +4922,7 @@ "label": "Middle Pleistocene", "comment": "Encyclopædia Universalis. World Atlas of Archaeology, English edition, Boston: G.K. Hall & Company, 1985. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4939,7 +4940,7 @@ "label": "Middle protogeometric", "comment": "Term originated in the University of Oregon Visual Resources Collection slide collections. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4957,7 +4958,7 @@ "label": "Miletus", "comment": "Charleston, Robert J.; Masterpieces of Western and Near Eastern Ceramics: Islamic Pottery, New York: Kodansha International/USA, Ltd., 1979. Ottoman pottery style. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4975,7 +4976,7 @@ "label": "Mixteca-Puebla Late Post-Classical", "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -4993,7 +4994,7 @@ "label": "Mizutani School", "comment": "Singer, Robert T. et al.; Edo: Art in Japan 1615-1868, Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1998. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5011,7 +5012,7 @@ "label": "Modern", "comment": "Sullivan, Michael; Arts of China, Fourth Edition, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. Appropriate for Chinese art contemporary with but outside of the context of the People's Republic of China.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5029,7 +5030,7 @@ "label": "Nagadah I", "comment": "Term originated in the University of Oregon Visual Resources Collection slide collections. subset of Amratian", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5047,7 +5048,7 @@ "label": "Nomadic", "comment": "Hattstein, Markus and Peter Delius; Islam: Art and Architecture, Cologne: Könemann, 2000. Use only when no other term can be applied", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5065,7 +5066,7 @@ "label": "Northern Baroque", "comment": "Term originated with Saskia, Ltd. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5083,7 +5084,7 @@ "label": "Northwest Regional", "comment": "Clark, Rosalind; Architecture Oregon Style, Portland, OR: Professional Book Center, 1983. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5101,7 +5102,7 @@ "label": "Novgorod School", "comment": "Kelly, Rosanna; Russia, London: Flint River, 1994. Refers to a tradition of Russian icon painting of the 12th-16th centuries. Use in conjunction with Byzantine.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5119,7 +5120,7 @@ "label": "Olmec Early Formative", "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. Gulf Coast Mesoamerican style", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5137,7 +5138,7 @@ "label": "Pacific Northwest", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Leland Roth, University of Oregon. Regionally specific post-modernism.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5155,7 +5156,7 @@ "label": "Palatine", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5173,7 +5174,7 @@ "label": "People's Republic of China", "comment": "Laing, Ellen Johnston; Winking Owl: Art from the People's Republic of China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988 . ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5191,7 +5192,7 @@ "label": "Pergamon School", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5209,7 +5210,7 @@ "label": "Pergamon Style", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5227,7 +5228,7 @@ "label": "Petodian", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5245,7 +5246,7 @@ "label": "Phra Ruang Dynasty", "comment": "Term originated with Saskia, Ltd. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5263,7 +5264,7 @@ "label": "Pictorial Style", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5281,7 +5282,7 @@ "label": "Plantation Style", "comment": "Term originated in the University of Oregon Visual Resources Collection slide collections. Antebellum vernacular architecture of the American South.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5299,7 +5300,7 @@ "label": "Plum Bayou", "comment": "http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=547. Plum Bayou developed out of the earlier (300 BC to AD 650) Baytown culture", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5317,7 +5318,7 @@ "label": "Pra Kon Chai", "comment": "Metropolitan Museum of Art; Asia, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1989. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5335,7 +5336,7 @@ "label": "Precanonical", "comment": "Getz-Preziosi, Pat; Sculptors of the Cyclades: Individual and Tradition in the Third Millennium B.C., Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1987. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5353,7 +5354,7 @@ "label": "Prehistoric", "comment": "Mannikka, Eleanor; Selected Topics in Cataloging Asian Art: VRA, VRA Special Bulletin No. 4, Visual Resources Association, 1989. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5371,7 +5372,7 @@ "label": "Primitive Red-figure", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5389,7 +5390,7 @@ "label": "Proto-Apulian", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5407,7 +5408,7 @@ "label": "Proto-Italiate", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5425,7 +5426,7 @@ "label": "pseudo-chalkidian", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5443,7 +5444,7 @@ "label": "Rationalist", "comment": "Robinson, William H, Jordi Falgàs, and Carmen Belen Lord; Barcelona and Modernity: Picasso, Gaudí, Miró, Dalí, Cleveland, New Haven: Cleveland Museum of Art, Yale University Press, 2006. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5461,7 +5462,7 @@ "label": "Republic of China", "comment": "Laing, Ellen Johnston; Winking Owl: Art from the People's Republic of China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988 . ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5479,7 +5480,7 @@ "label": "Restoration (French)", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Art Hawn, University of Oregon. Reign of Louis XVIII, Charles X, Louis-Philippe and Napoleon III. Revivals of late 18th century furniture and industrial forms, cheapened by machine manufacturing.--Art Hawn ARH475/575 study guide", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5497,7 +5498,7 @@ "label": "Romantic orientalism", "comment": "Ackerman, Gerald M.; Life and Work of Jean-Leon Gerome, with a Catalogue Raisonne, New York: Sotheby's Publications, 1986. Use both Romantic and Romantic orientalism as this term is not authoritative.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5515,7 +5516,7 @@ "label": "Ryukyu", "comment": "http://collection.britishmuseum.org/resource?uri=http%3A%2F%2Fcollection.britishmuseum.org%2Fid%2Fplace%2Fx18442. Ryukyuan lacquerware is one of the chief artistic products of the Ryukyu Islands (today Okinawa Prefecture of Japan), and represents a form and style of lacquerware which is distinct from that of the surrounding cultures. Though distinct in its own ways, it is strongly influenced by Chinese, Japanese, and Southeast Asian modes.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5533,7 +5534,7 @@ "label": "Saltukid", "comment": "http://archnet.org/. Turkey", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5551,7 +5552,7 @@ "label": "Saruhan", "comment": "http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9065814/Saruhan-Dynasty. Turkmen dynasty (c. 1300–1410) that ruled in the Manisa region of western Anatolia. The dynasty was founded by Saruhan, a tribal chief and frontier prince in the service of the Seljuqs of Anatolia who traced his descent to the Khwarezm-Shahs of Central Asia; after its conquest of Manisa (1313), the dynasty's principality extended its territories to the Aegean Sea. Surrounded by the Turkmen principalities of Aydin, Germiyan, and Karasi, Saruhan became a seafaring state with a large fleet. It was active in the Mediterranean trade and supplied leadership, together with Aydin, to the gazis (warriors for the Islamic faith) in their incursions into Byzantine coastal territories. The loss of Izmir (1344) to Western crusaders by the Aydin principality and the rise of the Ottomans as the dominant power on the Byzantine frontier closed the channels of trade and coastal raids for Saruhan. In 1390 it was annexed by the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I; but its independence was restored by the Central Asian ruler Timur (Tamerlane) in 1402. Finally, c. 1410, the last Saruhan ruler, Hizir, was killed by the Ottoman prince Mehmed Çelebi (later Sultan Mehmed I), and Saruhan was reincorporated into the Ottoman Empire. (http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9065814/Saruhan-Dynasty)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5569,7 +5570,7 @@ "label": "Shahi", "comment": "Barnhart, Richard M.; Metropolitan Museum of Art: Asia, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1987. Shahi school of Eastern Afghanistan, which worked almost exclusively in white marble and produced some extraordinary Hindu sculptures during the 7th through the 9th centuries. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5587,7 +5588,7 @@ "label": "Shang Style II", "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). Advent of new vessel types, not necessarily dependent on Neolithic pottery forms. Decorative motifs include taotie and gui dragon (one-eyed animal in profile).", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5605,7 +5606,7 @@ "label": "Shang Style III", "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). Fully developed in the transitional period from Zhengzhou to Anyang. Patterns cover greater amount of vessel surface. Decoration executed on the model, rather than in the mold. Vessels of this type are found at Zhengzhou, Erligang, Panlongcheng, and Anyang.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5623,7 +5624,7 @@ "label": "Sharqi", "comment": "Hattstein, Markus and Peter Delius; Islam: Art and Architecture, Cologne: Könemann, 2000. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5641,7 +5642,7 @@ "label": "Shaybanid", "comment": "Hattstein, Markus and Peter Delius; Islam: Art and Architecture, Cologne: Könemann, 2000. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5659,7 +5660,7 @@ "label": "Sicán Late Middle period", "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5677,7 +5678,7 @@ "label": "Sikh", "comment": "Goswamy, B. N. and Caron Smith; Domains of Wonder: Selected Masterworks of Indian Painting, San Diego: San Diego Museum of Art, 2005. Punjabi region", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5695,7 +5696,7 @@ "label": "South Gallic", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5713,7 +5714,7 @@ "label": "Southern Dynasties", "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). Encompasses Eastern Jin, Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang, and Chen dynasties.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5731,7 +5732,7 @@ "label": "Soviet", "comment": "Emmanuil Evzerikhin, St. Petersburg: Palace Editions for the State Russian Museum, 2007. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5749,7 +5750,7 @@ "label": "Spanish Baroque", "comment": "Term originated with Archivision, Inc. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5767,7 +5768,7 @@ "label": "St. Johns", "comment": "http://wapedia.mobi/en/St._Johns_culture. Pre-Columbian Lower Mississippi Valley styles The St. Johns culture was an archaeological culture in northeastern Florida, USA that lasted from about 500 BCE (the end of the Archaic period) until shortly after European contact in the 17th century. The St. Johns culture was present along the St. Johns River and its tributaries (including the Oklawaha River, and along the Atlantic coast of Florida from the mouth of the St. Johns River south to a point east of the head of the St. Johns River, near present-day Cocoa Beach, Florida. At the time of first European contact, the St. Johns culture area was inhabited by speakers of the Mocama (or Agua Salada), Agua Fresca and Acuera dialects of the Timucua language and by the Mayacas. --http://wapedia.mobi/en/St._Johns_culture", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5785,7 +5786,7 @@ "label": "Sub-geometric II", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5803,7 +5804,7 @@ "label": "Susa-Kuzajaran", "comment": "Strommenger, Eva; 5000 Years of the Art of Mesopotamia, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1964. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5821,7 +5822,7 @@ "label": "Tarim Basin", "comment": "Exhibition of Ancient Art Treasures of the People's Republic of China: Archaeological Finds of the Han to Tang dynasty unearthed at sites along the Silk Road, Tokyo: Yomiuri Shinbunsha, 1979. Buddhistic kingdoms in the oasis settlements of the Taklamakan desert", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5839,7 +5840,7 @@ "label": "Terminal Classic (Mesoamerican period)", "comment": "Miller, Mary Ellen; The Art of Mesoamerica, London: Thames and Hudson, 2001. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5857,7 +5858,7 @@ "label": "Tiwanaku", "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. Probably Pre-Columbian Andean period, Early Intermediate period", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5875,7 +5876,7 @@ "label": "Ultimate La Tène", "comment": "Ryan, Michael; Treasures of Ireland: Irish Art 3000 B.C. - 1500 A.D., Dublin: Royal Irish Academy, 1983. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5893,7 +5894,7 @@ "label": "Unalirmiut", "comment": "Lee, Molly and Gregory A. Reinhardt; Eskimo Architecture: Dwelling and Structure in the Early Historic Period, Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press and University of Alaska Museum, 2003. Use with Yup'ik culture see also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yup%27ik", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5911,7 +5912,7 @@ "label": "Uqaylid", "comment": "http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9074408/Uqaylid-Dynasty. Muslim Arab dynasty whose various branches ruled Mosul (c. 992–1096) and Takrit (1036–c. 1057), in what is now Iraq. The 'Uqaylids, descendants of the famous Bedouin tribe of 'Amir ibn Sa'sa'ah, established themselves in Jazirat ibn 'Umar, Nisibin (modern Nusaybin, Tur.), and Balad (northern Iraq) at the end of the 10th century. Abu adh-Dhawwud Muhammad (reigned c. 990–996), the first 'Uqaylid, was drawn into the struggle between the Hamdanids and Marwanids for possession of Mosul and eventually succeeded the Hamdanids as emir of Mosul, though remaining nominally subject to the Buyids of Baghdad. (http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9074408/Uqaylid-Dynasty)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5929,7 +5930,7 @@ "label": "Western Zhou Style I", "comment": "Holden, Wendy; 'A Guide to Cataloguing Chinese Art', Visual Resources Association Special Bulletin No. 13, (1050138x). Middle Western Zhou characteristics: decline in variety, standardization in vessel shape, and reduction in size. Smooth, rounded forms without flanges and angularity. Decorated with birds and dragons; large panels or narrow bands of ornament. Main shapes the same. Changes in burial patterns (jades buried, some designed to cover facial features). Bells appear in tombs. Vessels in shapes of animals appear (in Shang, this type found in the south). Bronze copies of pottery vessels.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5947,7 +5948,7 @@ "label": "Yan", "comment": "Suzhou Institute of Landscape Architectural Design; Suzhou gardens, Beijing: Zhongguo jian zhu gong ye chu ban she, 1999. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5965,7 +5966,7 @@ "label": "Zague Dynasty", "comment": "Mazrui, Ali A.; Africans: A Triple Heritage, First Paperback edition, Boston; Toronto: Little, Brown and Company, 1986. Ethiopian Salomonian dynasty of Abyssinia See. Lalibela, King of Ethiopia", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -5983,7 +5984,7 @@ "label": "Zaydi (Dynasty)", "comment": "http://archnet.org/. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6001,7 +6002,7 @@ "label": "Bichromatic", "comment": "Term used by Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon, referring to two-toned sub-geometric pottery. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6019,7 +6020,7 @@ "label": "Cabiron", "comment": "Term used by Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon, referring to the Cabeirion Sanctuary in ancient Thebes. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6037,7 +6038,7 @@ "label": "Early Apulian (pottery style)", "comment": "Term used by Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon, referring to Apulian pottery of ca. 400-380 BCE. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6055,7 +6056,7 @@ "label": "Late Proto-Attic (Mainland Greek pottery styles)", "comment": "Term used by Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon, referring to Pro-Attic pottery of the late 7th century BCE. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6073,7 +6074,7 @@ "label": "Geometric phase 2", "comment": "Term used by Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon, referring to Late Geometric Italian pottery. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6091,7 +6092,7 @@ "label": "airport terminals", "comment": "Local term. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6109,7 +6110,7 @@ "label": "Carpenter tools", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Kingston Heath, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6127,7 +6128,7 @@ "label": "Chinese brush paintings (visual works)", "comment": "Local term. Use for traditional style paintings using brush, watercolor and ink washes. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6145,7 +6146,7 @@ "label": "continuous curve amphorae type 1", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6163,7 +6164,7 @@ "label": "continuous curve amphorae Type A", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6181,7 +6182,7 @@ "label": "cultural documentation", "comment": "General classification for hierarchal purposes. Vcat provided Classification", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6199,7 +6200,7 @@ "label": "cups type A", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6217,7 +6218,7 @@ "label": "cups type B", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6235,7 +6236,7 @@ "label": "cups type C", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6253,7 +6254,7 @@ "label": "Dragendorff form 37", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6271,7 +6272,7 @@ "label": "epicranitis", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6289,7 +6290,7 @@ "label": "garment hooks", "comment": "Local term. Ornamental hooks used to fasten belts or clothing in Asia (Chinese: dai gou or daigou). ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6307,7 +6308,7 @@ "label": "installation, environmental, stage sets", "comment": "General classification for hierarchal purposes. Vcat provided Classification", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6325,7 +6326,7 @@ "label": "ivory and bone", "comment": "General classification for hierarchal purposes. Vcat provided Classification", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6343,7 +6344,7 @@ "label": "jewelry, gems", "comment": "General classification for hierarchal purposes. Vcat provided Classification", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6361,7 +6362,7 @@ "label": "manuscripts and books", "comment": "General classification for hierarchal purposes. Vcat provided Classification", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6379,7 +6380,7 @@ "label": "maps and globes", "comment": "General classification for hierarchal purposes. Vcat provided Classification", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6397,7 +6398,7 @@ "label": "music, musical instruments", "comment": "General classification for hierarchal purposes. Vcat provided Classification", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6415,7 +6416,7 @@ "label": "pistrina", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6433,7 +6434,7 @@ "label": "Pontz amphorae", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6451,7 +6452,7 @@ "label": "prochus", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6469,7 +6470,7 @@ "label": "recreation and games", "comment": "General classification for hierarchal purposes. Vcat provided Classification", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6487,7 +6488,7 @@ "label": "skylla", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6505,7 +6506,7 @@ "label": "stamnoid ollas", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6523,7 +6524,7 @@ "label": "textiles, weaving, and fiber arts", "comment": "General classification for hierarchal purposes. Vcat provided Classification", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6541,7 +6542,7 @@ "label": "thermopolia", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6559,7 +6560,7 @@ "label": "tools and equipment", "comment": "General classification for hierarchal purposes. Vcat provided Classification", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6577,7 +6578,7 @@ "label": "type A", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6595,7 +6596,7 @@ "label": "urban and topographical views", "comment": "General classification for hierarchal purposes. Vcat provided Classification", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6613,7 +6614,7 @@ "label": "Votive Clay Shield", "comment": "Term used by Dr. Steven Lowenstam, University of Oregon. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6631,7 +6632,7 @@ "label": "aiban (prints)", "comment": "Yamane, Yūzō; Fūzokuga to Ukiyoe shi (Genshoku Nihon no Bijutsu, v.24), 1971. Japanese prints aproximately 34.5 x 22.5 cm or (9 x 13 in). ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6649,7 +6650,7 @@ "label": "almaizars", "comment": "Dodds, Jerrilynn D.; Al-Andalus: the Art of Islamic Spain, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1992. Muslim headdress. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6667,7 +6668,7 @@ "label": "karansé", "comment": "Gealt, Adelheid, et al.; Masterworks from the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. Associated with the northern Mossi people. A face mask surmounted by an antelpe head and horns with a plank-like superstructure behind them. in Vcat", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6685,7 +6686,7 @@ "label": "panel paintings (Asian)", "comment": "Nakano, Masaki; Shōsōin to jōdai kaiga : Asuka Nara no kaiga kōgei, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992 (. Paintings on large wood panels, installed inside buildings such as pagodas and temples. Usually featuring Buddhist deities.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6703,7 +6704,7 @@ "label": "pavilions (Asian)", "comment": "Tsuji, Nobuo, Kiyoshi Hirai, and Yoshiaki Yabe; Shiro to chashitsu, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6721,7 +6722,7 @@ "label": "tagres", "comment": "Peirce, Donald C.; Art & Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917: The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6739,7 +6740,7 @@ "label": "vajra", "comment": "Nakano, Masaki, Yutaka Hirata, and Masayuki Sekiguchi; Mandara to raigōzu, Nihon Bijutsu Zenshu, Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991. Vajra (Devanagari: वज्र) is a Sanskrit word meaning both thunderbolt and diamond and is a ritual tool or spiritual implement which is symbolically important to both Buddhism and Hinduism, but is particularly important in Buddhism. The equivalent word in Tibetan is dorje (Wylie: rdo-rje; ZWPY: dojê), which is also a common male name in Tibet and Bhutan. Dorje can also refer to a small sceptre held in the right hand by Tibetan lamas during religious ceremonies. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6757,7 +6758,7 @@ "label": "chu-tanzaku (tanzaku)", "comment": "http://www.gordonsart.com/datastore_home/datastore_help/6ppb_yo.htm. Japanese prints, also known as tanzaku, from an oban cut in half lengthwise. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6775,7 +6776,7 @@ "label": "ō-hosoban (o-tanzaku)", "comment": "http://mercury.lcs.mit.edu/~jnc/prints/glossary.html. Literally, a large hosoban. A fairly rare, narrow print size (about 38 x 17 cm) often used for kacho-ga prints by Hiroshige. ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6793,7 +6794,7 @@ "label": "A. Dean McKenzie Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6811,7 +6812,7 @@ "label": "Albert Oliver Biggerstaff Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6829,7 +6830,7 @@ "label": "American Public Sculpture: 1678-1951", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6847,7 +6848,7 @@ "label": "Andrew Morrogh Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6865,7 +6866,7 @@ "label": "Archivision Additional Module EIGHT", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6883,7 +6884,7 @@ "label": "Archivision Additional Module FIVE", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6901,7 +6902,7 @@ "label": "Archivision Additional Module FOUR", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6919,7 +6920,7 @@ "label": "Archivision Additional Module ONE", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6937,7 +6938,7 @@ "label": "Archivision Additional module SEVEN", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6955,7 +6956,7 @@ "label": "Archivision Additional Module SIX", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6973,7 +6974,7 @@ "label": "Archivision Additional Module THREE", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -6991,7 +6992,7 @@ "label": "Archivision Additional Module TWO", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7009,7 +7010,7 @@ "label": "Archivision BASE Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7027,7 +7028,7 @@ "label": "Art History Department Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7045,7 +7046,7 @@ "label": "Art In Public Transit: Seattle, USA", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7063,7 +7064,7 @@ "label": "Arthur 'Ray' Gilmore Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7081,7 +7082,7 @@ "label": "Baker Lighting Set", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7099,7 +7100,7 @@ "label": "Barbara Houghton Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7117,7 +7118,7 @@ "label": "Barcelona: Art in Public Places", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7135,7 +7136,7 @@ "label": "Barcelona: Contemporary Architecture", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7153,7 +7154,7 @@ "label": "Barcelona: Modernisme and Gaudí", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7171,7 +7172,7 @@ "label": "Barcelona: Plazas, Parks and Promenades", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7189,7 +7190,7 @@ "label": "Barnhart, Richard M.", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7207,7 +7208,7 @@ "label": "Bernard Freemesser Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7225,7 +7226,7 @@ "label": "Bernard McTigue Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7243,7 +7244,7 @@ "label": "Carolyn Senft Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7261,7 +7262,7 @@ "label": "Charles Gilman Davis Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7279,7 +7280,7 @@ "label": "Charles T. and Charlene LeFebre Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7297,7 +7298,7 @@ "label": "Chicago: Survey of Contemporary Public Sculpture", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7315,7 +7316,7 @@ "label": "Christine Sundt Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7333,7 +7334,7 @@ "label": "Christine Theodoropoulos Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7351,7 +7352,7 @@ "label": "Collaborations: Artists, Architects and Designers", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7369,7 +7370,7 @@ "label": "Contemporary Murals in America", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7387,7 +7388,7 @@ "label": "Contemporary Native American Art", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7405,7 +7406,7 @@ "label": "Cynthia Lewis-Berry Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7423,7 +7424,7 @@ "label": "Daivd A. Bainbridge Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7441,7 +7442,7 @@ "label": "Daniel M. Herbert Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7459,7 +7460,7 @@ "label": "David A. Bainbridge Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7477,7 +7478,7 @@ "label": "David Wilson Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7495,7 +7496,7 @@ "label": "Donald Renfro Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7513,7 +7514,7 @@ "label": "Douglas Blandy Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7531,7 +7532,7 @@ "label": "Elizabeth Walton Potter Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7549,7 +7550,7 @@ "label": "Ellen J. Laing Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7567,7 +7568,7 @@ "label": "Esther Chandler Collection, Charlotte Lemon gift", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7585,7 +7586,7 @@ "label": "Felix Rosch Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7603,7 +7604,7 @@ "label": "Fine and Applied Arts Department Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7621,7 +7622,7 @@ "label": "Finkenstaedt Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7639,7 +7640,7 @@ "label": "Focus on Museums: Public Architecture, Part VI", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7657,7 +7658,7 @@ "label": "Focus on Sixties Modermism: Public Architecture, Part VIII", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7675,7 +7676,7 @@ "label": "Frances Stern Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7693,7 +7694,7 @@ "label": "Frank A. Cuthbert Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7711,7 +7712,7 @@ "label": "Frank R. Horlbeck Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7729,7 +7730,7 @@ "label": "Functional Public Art, Part IV", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7747,7 +7748,7 @@ "label": "Functional Public Art: Part V", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7765,7 +7766,7 @@ "label": "Functional Public Art: The Artist and the City, Part III", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7783,7 +7784,7 @@ "label": "Gary Tepfer Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7801,7 +7802,7 @@ "label": "Gerald Moorhead Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7819,7 +7820,7 @@ "label": "Germany: Art in Public Places", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7837,7 +7838,7 @@ "label": "Hans H. Waechter Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7855,7 +7856,7 @@ "label": "Hattie Mae Nixon Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7873,7 +7874,7 @@ "label": "Helene-Carol Brown Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7891,7 +7892,7 @@ "label": "Historic Preservation in the USA", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7909,7 +7910,7 @@ "label": "inSITE94: San Diego and Tijuana", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7927,7 +7928,7 @@ "label": "International Masonry Institute Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7945,7 +7946,7 @@ "label": "J. Sobre Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7963,7 +7964,7 @@ "label": "James Harper Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7981,7 +7982,7 @@ "label": "James Hicks Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -7999,7 +8000,7 @@ "label": "James Shirley Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8017,7 +8018,7 @@ "label": "Jeffrey M. Hurwit Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8035,7 +8036,7 @@ "label": "Jenna (R. A.) Smith Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8053,7 +8054,7 @@ "label": "Jennifer Rowan Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8071,7 +8072,7 @@ "label": "Jerry Finrow Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8089,7 +8090,7 @@ "label": "John S. Reynolds Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8107,7 +8108,7 @@ "label": "John Yeon Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8125,7 +8126,7 @@ "label": "Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8143,7 +8144,7 @@ "label": "Joseph Griggs Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8161,7 +8162,7 @@ "label": "Julia Simic Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8179,7 +8180,7 @@ "label": "Karen Guzak Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8197,7 +8198,7 @@ "label": "Ken O'connell Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8215,7 +8216,7 @@ "label": "Kenneth Helphand Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8233,7 +8234,7 @@ "label": "Kingston Heath Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8251,7 +8252,7 @@ "label": "Landscape as Art: Parks and Gardens", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8269,7 +8270,7 @@ "label": "Landscape as Art: Plazas and Passageways", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8287,7 +8288,7 @@ "label": "Lane County Historical Museum", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8305,7 +8306,7 @@ "label": "Las Vegas Style: Fantasy Architecture and Signs", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8323,7 +8324,7 @@ "label": "Lealan Swanson Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8341,7 +8342,7 @@ "label": "Lee Nelson Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8359,7 +8360,7 @@ "label": "Leland M. Roth Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8377,7 +8378,7 @@ "label": "Leong Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8395,7 +8396,7 @@ "label": "Lew Crutcher Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8413,7 +8414,7 @@ "label": "Linn County Historical Museum", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8431,7 +8432,7 @@ "label": "Lisa Claypool Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8449,7 +8450,7 @@ "label": "Marian C. Donnelly Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8467,7 +8468,7 @@ "label": "Marion Dean Ross Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8485,7 +8486,7 @@ "label": "Marion Dean Ross Collection, Wallace Huntington gift", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8503,7 +8504,7 @@ "label": "Mary-Lyon Dolezal Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8521,7 +8522,7 @@ "label": "Meggs Graphic Design Set", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8539,7 +8540,7 @@ "label": "Michael Shellenbarger Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8557,7 +8558,7 @@ "label": "Mission Architecture", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8575,7 +8576,7 @@ "label": "Mrs. Fred (Bernice) Meamber Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8593,7 +8594,7 @@ "label": "New Directions in Architecture: Part III", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8611,7 +8612,7 @@ "label": "New Directions in Landscape Architecture, Part III", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8629,7 +8630,7 @@ "label": "New Directions in Public Architecture, Part IX", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8647,7 +8648,7 @@ "label": "New Directions in Public Architecture, Part VII", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8665,7 +8666,7 @@ "label": "New Directions in Public Architecture: Part I", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8683,7 +8684,7 @@ "label": "New Directions in Public Architecture: Part II", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8701,7 +8702,7 @@ "label": "New Directions in Public Art, Part IV", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8719,7 +8720,7 @@ "label": "New Directions in Public Art, Part IX", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8737,7 +8738,7 @@ "label": "New Directions in Public Art, Part VII", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8755,7 +8756,7 @@ "label": "New Directions in Public Art: Part VI", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8773,7 +8774,7 @@ "label": "Oregon State Historic Preservation Office", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8791,7 +8792,7 @@ "label": "P. Lawrence Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8809,7 +8810,7 @@ "label": "Paris: Art in Public Places", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8827,7 +8828,7 @@ "label": "Paris: Contemporary Architecture", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8845,7 +8846,7 @@ "label": "Paris: Landmarks", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8863,7 +8864,7 @@ "label": "Paris: Parks and Gardens, 1615-1992", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8881,7 +8882,7 @@ "label": "Patricia Furey Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8899,7 +8900,7 @@ "label": "Peter Wilcox Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8917,7 +8918,7 @@ "label": "Philip Dole Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8935,7 +8936,7 @@ "label": "Place as Art: Pocket Parks and Gardens, Part I", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8953,7 +8954,7 @@ "label": "Place as Art: Pocket Parks and Gardens, Part II", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8971,7 +8972,7 @@ "label": "Public and Private Initiatives: Public Art, Part V", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -8989,7 +8990,7 @@ "label": "Public Architecture, Part V", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9007,7 +9008,7 @@ "label": "R. & E. Link Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9025,7 +9026,7 @@ "label": "R. Ousterhout Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9043,7 +9044,7 @@ "label": "Richard Sundt Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9061,7 +9062,7 @@ "label": "Romance Languages Department Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9079,7 +9080,7 @@ "label": "Ron Lovinger Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9097,7 +9098,7 @@ "label": "Sandy Bonds Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9115,7 +9116,7 @@ "label": "School of Architecture and Allied Arts Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9133,7 +9134,7 @@ "label": "Sculpture Parks: Art in the Landscape, Part III", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9151,7 +9152,7 @@ "label": "Seaside, Florida", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9169,7 +9170,7 @@ "label": "Seattle: Public Art in Context", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9187,7 +9188,7 @@ "label": "Sherwin Simmons Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9205,7 +9206,7 @@ "label": "Special Projects: Public Architecture, Part IV", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9223,7 +9224,7 @@ "label": "Stanley W. Bryan Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9241,7 +9242,7 @@ "label": "Stephen F. Bochkor Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9259,7 +9260,7 @@ "label": "Stricevic Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9277,7 +9278,7 @@ "label": "T.O. Ballinger Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9295,7 +9296,7 @@ "label": "Temporary Exhibitions of Public Art, USA", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9313,7 +9314,7 @@ "label": "Terrence Goode Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9331,7 +9332,7 @@ "label": "The Architecture of Louis Sullivan", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9349,7 +9350,7 @@ "label": "The Architecture of San Francisco", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9367,7 +9368,7 @@ "label": "Thomas Hacker Architects, Inc. Gift", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9385,7 +9386,7 @@ "label": "Thomas Pene Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9403,7 +9404,7 @@ "label": "Towers", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9421,7 +9422,7 @@ "label": "University of Oregon Library Special Collections and University Archives", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9439,7 +9440,7 @@ "label": "Urban Design: Toward a Sustainable Future", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9457,7 +9458,7 @@ "label": "Urban Ecology: the Urban/Wilderness Boundary, Part I", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9475,7 +9476,7 @@ "label": "Urban Gardens of the Pacific Northwest", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9493,7 +9494,7 @@ "label": "Victor H. Flach Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9511,7 +9512,7 @@ "label": "W. B. Johnston Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9529,7 +9530,7 @@ "label": "W.K. Huntington Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9547,7 +9548,7 @@ "label": "Wallace S. Baldinger Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9565,7 +9566,7 @@ "label": "Wesley J. Barnum Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -9583,7 +9584,7 @@ "label": "Winston Weisman Collection", "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10443,7 +10444,7 @@ }, "label": "Abacus", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10460,7 +10461,7 @@ }, "label": "'Abd al-Rahman III, Emir", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10477,7 +10478,7 @@ }, "label": "Abd er Rahman, Moulay, Sultan of Morocco", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10494,7 +10495,7 @@ }, "label": "Abrams, Daphne", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10511,7 +10512,7 @@ }, "label": "abstraction / non-objective", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10528,7 +10529,7 @@ }, "label": "Abundance", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10545,7 +10546,7 @@ }, "label": "Abu Zayd al-Saruji", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10562,7 +10563,7 @@ }, "label": "Actinea, Saint, d. 1140", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10579,7 +10580,7 @@ }, "label": "Adauctus, Saint, 3rd cent.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10596,7 +10597,7 @@ }, "label": "Adelgunde of Bavaria, 1870-1958", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10613,7 +10614,7 @@ }, "label": "Adrian of Nicomedia, Saint, d. 304", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10630,7 +10631,7 @@ }, "label": "Aegis (Greek mythology)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10647,7 +10648,7 @@ }, "label": "Aelia Flacilla, Empress, consort of Theodosius I, Emperor of Rome, d. 385", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10664,7 +10665,7 @@ }, "label": "Afrasiya", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10681,7 +10682,7 @@ }, "label": "Agilbert, Bishop, fl. ca. 650-680", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10698,7 +10699,7 @@ }, "label": "Agrapes", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10715,7 +10716,7 @@ }, "label": "Aithra (Greek mythology)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10732,7 +10733,7 @@ }, "label": "Akashi, Gidayu", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10749,7 +10750,7 @@ }, "label": "Aldobrandini, Elisabetta", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10766,7 +10767,7 @@ }, "label": "Alexander I, Pope Saint, d. 115/116 CE", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10783,7 +10784,7 @@ }, "label": "Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov, Emperor of Russia, 1629-1676", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10800,7 +10801,7 @@ }, "label": "Alexis II, Russian Orthodox Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10817,7 +10818,7 @@ }, "label": "al-Harith ibn Hammam", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10834,7 +10835,7 @@ }, "label": "Ali, Caliph, 656-661", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10851,7 +10852,7 @@ }, "label": "Alpinian, Saint, of Limoges, 3rd cent.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10868,7 +10869,7 @@ }, "label": "al-Rashid Bey, Omar, 1839-1911", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10885,7 +10886,7 @@ }, "label": "Althaia (Greek mythology)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10902,7 +10903,7 @@ }, "label": "American Ax", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10919,7 +10920,7 @@ }, "label": "American camps", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10936,7 +10937,7 @@ }, "label": "Anglo-African art", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10953,7 +10954,7 @@ }, "label": "Apartment art", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10970,7 +10971,7 @@ }, "label": "Appliances", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -10987,7 +10988,7 @@ }, "label": "Apsaras (Buddhist celestial beings)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11004,7 +11005,7 @@ }, "label": "Arashi, Rikan", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11021,7 +11022,7 @@ }, "label": "Arashi, Ryuzo", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11038,7 +11039,7 @@ }, "label": "Arashi, Sangorō (Kabuki actor)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11055,7 +11056,7 @@ }, "label": "Arashi, Sankatsu", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11072,7 +11073,7 @@ }, "label": "Archetypal images", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11089,7 +11090,7 @@ }, "label": "architectural exteriors", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11106,7 +11107,7 @@ }, "label": "architectural interiors", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11123,7 +11124,7 @@ }, "label": "architectural plans", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11140,7 +11141,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Argentine", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11157,7 +11158,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Australian", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11174,7 +11175,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Belgian", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11191,7 +11192,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Canadian", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11208,7 +11209,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Chilean", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11225,7 +11226,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Columbian", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11242,7 +11243,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Commercial", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11259,7 +11260,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Costa Rican", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11276,7 +11277,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Croatian", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11293,7 +11294,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Cuban", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11310,7 +11311,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Ethiopian", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11327,7 +11328,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Haitian", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11344,7 +11345,7 @@ }, "label": "architecture, historical", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11361,7 +11362,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Hungarian", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11378,7 +11379,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Indian", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11395,7 +11396,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Indonesian", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11412,7 +11413,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Iraqi", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11429,7 +11430,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Irish", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11446,7 +11447,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Kenyan", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11463,7 +11464,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Malian", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11480,7 +11481,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Mesopotamian", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11497,7 +11498,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Mexican", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11514,7 +11515,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Moroccan", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11531,7 +11532,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Native American", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11548,7 +11549,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Neolithic", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11565,7 +11566,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Nubian", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11582,7 +11583,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Persian", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11599,7 +11600,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Romanian", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11616,7 +11617,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, rural", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11633,7 +11634,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Salvadoran", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11650,7 +11651,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Slovene", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11667,7 +11668,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Slovenian", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11684,7 +11685,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Sri Lankan", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11701,7 +11702,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Swedish", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11718,7 +11719,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Traditional American", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11735,7 +11736,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Yemeni", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11752,7 +11753,7 @@ }, "label": "Architecture, Yoruba", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11769,7 +11770,7 @@ }, "label": "Ardashir Mirza, Prince, governor of Tehran", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11786,7 +11787,7 @@ }, "label": "Ardavan, r. 247-224 BCE", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11803,7 +11804,7 @@ }, "label": "Ariko", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11820,7 +11821,7 @@ }, "label": "Arthur Sanderson & Sons Ltd., 1860-", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11837,7 +11838,7 @@ }, "label": "Artists' personas", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11854,7 +11855,7 @@ }, "label": "Arts and Crafts Exhibition (1897: Boston, Massachusetts)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11871,7 +11872,7 @@ }, "label": "Auctor of Metz, Saint, fl. ca. 451", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11888,7 +11889,7 @@ }, "label": "Austriclinian, Saint, of Limoges, 3rd cent.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11905,7 +11906,7 @@ }, "label": "Auto-creative art", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11922,7 +11923,7 @@ }, "label": "Aynie and Ria", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11939,7 +11940,7 @@ }, "label": "A'zam Shah, Prince, son of Aurangzeb, Emperor of Hindustan, 1653-1707", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11956,7 +11957,7 @@ }, "label": "Balbina of Rome, Saint, d. ca. 130 CE", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11973,7 +11974,7 @@ }, "label": "Bando, Hikosaburo", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -11990,7 +11991,7 @@ }, "label": "Bando, Mitsugoro", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12007,7 +12008,7 @@ }, "label": "Banks", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12024,7 +12025,7 @@ }, "label": "Banquets", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12041,7 +12042,7 @@ }, "label": "Barlow, Samuel K., 19th century", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12058,7 +12059,7 @@ }, "label": "Bartholomew, Saint", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12075,7 +12076,7 @@ }, "label": "Baudimius, Saint, 4th cent.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12092,7 +12093,7 @@ }, "label": "Bedevere (Legendary character)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12109,7 +12110,7 @@ }, "label": "Bentivoglio, Violante", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12126,7 +12127,7 @@ }, "label": "Benzaiten (Buddhist deity)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12143,7 +12144,7 @@ }, "label": "Bibiana, Saint", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12160,7 +12161,7 @@ }, "label": "Bible. N.T.--Matthew", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12177,7 +12178,7 @@ }, "label": "Biennale of Santa Fe (6th : 2006 : Santa Fe, N. M.)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12194,7 +12195,7 @@ }, "label": "Biennale of Sydney (21st : 2011 : Sydney, N. S. W.)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12211,7 +12212,7 @@ }, "label": "Bijin-ga (portraits of beautiful women)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12228,7 +12229,7 @@ }, "label": "Bird and flower prints", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12245,7 +12246,7 @@ }, "label": "Bishamonten", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12262,7 +12263,7 @@ }, "label": "Bisi, Giannetto", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12279,7 +12280,7 @@ }, "label": "Bizhan and Manizheh", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12296,7 +12297,7 @@ }, "label": "Bizhan ibn Giv", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12313,7 +12314,7 @@ }, "label": "Blanche of Montferrat, Duchess of Savoy, 1472-1519", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12330,7 +12331,7 @@ }, "label": "Bonvicini, Giusto, Abbot", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12347,7 +12348,7 @@ }, "label": "Boraspati Ni Tano (deity)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12364,7 +12365,7 @@ }, "label": "botanical", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12381,7 +12382,7 @@ }, "label": "Brennus the Gaul", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12398,7 +12399,7 @@ }, "label": "Brussels International Exposition (1897 : Brussels, Belgium)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12415,7 +12416,7 @@ }, "label": "Buddhas", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12432,7 +12433,7 @@ }, "label": "Buddhist hell", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12449,7 +12450,7 @@ }, "label": "Buraq", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12466,7 +12467,7 @@ }, "label": "Burnett, H. C. (Henry Cornelius), 1825-1866", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12483,7 +12484,7 @@ }, "label": "Busiris (Egyptian king)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12500,7 +12501,7 @@ }, "label": "Calais (Greek mythology)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12517,7 +12518,7 @@ }, "label": "Caleph (Biblican figure)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12534,7 +12535,7 @@ }, "label": "Calligraphy, Ghubār", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12551,7 +12552,7 @@ }, "label": "Calligraphy, Greek unical", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12568,7 +12569,7 @@ }, "label": "Calligraphy, Gulzār thuluth", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12585,7 +12586,7 @@ }, "label": "Calligraphy, Hijazi", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12602,7 +12603,7 @@ }, "label": "Calligraphy, Jalī al-thulth", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12619,7 +12620,7 @@ }, "label": "Calligraphy, Jalī thuluth", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12636,7 +12637,7 @@ }, "label": "Calligraphy, Mashq", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12653,7 +12654,7 @@ }, "label": "Calligraphy, Naskh", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12670,7 +12671,7 @@ }, "label": "Calminius, Saint, 6th-7th cent.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12687,7 +12688,7 @@ }, "label": "Campbell, Susan, 1857-1932", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12704,7 +12705,7 @@ }, "label": "Campbell-Walter, Fiona, 1932-", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12721,7 +12722,7 @@ }, "label": "Camphor tree", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12738,7 +12739,7 @@ }, "label": "Canidius, Saint", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12755,7 +12756,7 @@ }, "label": "Caracalla (Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus Augustus), Emperor", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12772,7 +12773,7 @@ }, "label": "Carafes", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12789,7 +12790,7 @@ }, "label": "caricatures / satire", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12806,7 +12807,7 @@ }, "label": "Cebrian, Katherine, 1898-1992", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12823,7 +12824,7 @@ }, "label": "Century Guild Hobby Horse (London: 1886-[1892]", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12840,7 +12841,7 @@ }, "label": "Césaire, Saint, d. 543", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12857,7 +12858,7 @@ }, "label": "Chang E", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12874,7 +12875,7 @@ }, "label": "Charles I, Duke of Savoy, 1468-1490", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12891,7 +12892,7 @@ }, "label": "Chaucer, Geoffrey, d. 1400. Romaunt of the Rose", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12908,7 +12909,7 @@ }, "label": "Cherry blossoms", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12925,7 +12926,7 @@ }, "label": "Chikako", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12942,7 +12943,7 @@ }, "label": "China's one-child policy", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12959,7 +12960,7 @@ }, "label": "Chinjung", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12976,7 +12977,7 @@ }, "label": "Chiron, Louis, 1899-1979", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -12993,7 +12994,7 @@ }, "label": "Chloe (Greek mythology)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13010,7 +13011,7 @@ }, "label": "Christ and the Centurion", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13027,7 +13028,7 @@ }, "label": "Christ in Majesty", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13044,7 +13045,7 @@ }, "label": "Chrysaor (Greek mythology)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13061,7 +13062,7 @@ }, "label": "Cihongo", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13078,7 +13079,7 @@ }, "label": "Clare of Assisi, Saint", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13095,7 +13096,7 @@ }, "label": "Clovis II, King of the Franks, 637-657/658", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13112,7 +13113,7 @@ }, "label": "Cocks", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13129,7 +13130,7 @@ }, "label": "collage, decollage", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13146,7 +13147,7 @@ }, "label": "collateral material", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13163,7 +13164,7 @@ }, "label": "Color calibration", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13180,7 +13181,7 @@ }, "label": "Color Theory", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13197,7 +13198,7 @@ }, "label": "commercial", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13214,7 +13215,7 @@ }, "label": "commercial / industrial design", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13231,7 +13232,7 @@ }, "label": "Concubines", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13248,7 +13249,7 @@ }, "label": "Constantinople--History", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13265,7 +13266,7 @@ }, "label": "Construction methods", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13282,7 +13283,7 @@ }, "label": "contemporary (1950 to present)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13299,7 +13300,7 @@ }, "label": "Cornaro family", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13316,7 +13317,7 @@ }, "label": "Cosmic Buddha", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13333,7 +13334,7 @@ }, "label": "Cosplay", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13350,7 +13351,7 @@ }, "label": "Crescentius, Saint", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13367,7 +13368,7 @@ }, "label": "crunchy bagels", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13384,7 +13385,7 @@ }, "label": "Cupbearers", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13401,7 +13402,7 @@ }, "label": "cycles / series", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13418,7 +13419,7 @@ }, "label": "Daigokuden- Heian period, destroyed 1177", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13435,7 +13436,7 @@ }, "label": "Dainichi Nyorai (Buddhist deity)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13452,7 +13453,7 @@ }, "label": "Dalian hua ('Big Head' painting)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13469,7 +13470,7 @@ }, "label": "Dana", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13486,7 +13487,7 @@ }, "label": "Dana (Greek mythology)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13503,7 +13504,7 @@ }, "label": "Daoist Immortals", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13520,7 +13521,7 @@ }, "label": "David and Goliath", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13537,7 +13538,7 @@ }, "label": "Dead bodies", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13554,7 +13555,7 @@ }, "label": "Decoration and ornament--Asian", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13571,7 +13572,7 @@ }, "label": "Dekijima, Shogoro", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13588,7 +13589,7 @@ }, "label": "Demons", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13605,7 +13606,7 @@ }, "label": "Demophoön (Greek mythology)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13622,7 +13623,7 @@ }, "label": "Depero, Rosetta", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13639,7 +13640,7 @@ }, "label": "didactic", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13656,7 +13657,7 @@ }, "label": "Digital compositing", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13673,7 +13674,7 @@ }, "label": "Diocrès, Raymond, 11th c.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13690,7 +13691,7 @@ }, "label": "Dionysius the Pseudo-Areopagite, Saint", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13707,7 +13708,7 @@ }, "label": "Domestic", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13724,7 +13725,7 @@ }, "label": "Earl of Worcester", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13741,7 +13742,7 @@ }, "label": "Eda Genzō Hirostuna-- warrior", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13758,7 +13759,7 @@ }, "label": "Eglantine (sweet briar)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13775,7 +13776,7 @@ }, "label": "Eguchi", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13792,7 +13793,7 @@ }, "label": "Ehrmann, Louise C.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13809,7 +13810,7 @@ }, "label": "Emma-O", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13826,7 +13827,7 @@ }, "label": "engineering / industry", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13843,7 +13844,7 @@ }, "label": "Engineer's Club (New York, N.Y.)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13860,7 +13861,7 @@ }, "label": "Ephemeral art", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13877,7 +13878,7 @@ }, "label": "Ephraim (Son of Joseph)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13894,7 +13895,7 @@ }, "label": "Epic Poetry, Roman", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13911,7 +13912,7 @@ }, "label": "Eudocia, Empress, consort of Romanuss II, Emperor of the East", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13928,7 +13929,7 @@ }, "label": "Eugene Future Power Committee, Inc.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13945,7 +13946,7 @@ }, "label": "Eugene Van Reed", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13962,7 +13963,7 @@ }, "label": "Eugenius of Carthage, Saint", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13979,7 +13980,7 @@ }, "label": "Eustachius, Saint, d. 188 CE", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -13996,7 +13997,7 @@ }, "label": "Excalibur (Legendary sword)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14013,7 +14014,7 @@ }, "label": "Executions", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14030,7 +14031,7 @@ }, "label": "Exhibition of Art and Architecture of New Style (1902 : St. Petersburg, Russia)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14047,7 +14048,7 @@ }, "label": "Exposition Internationale d'Anvers (1894: Antwerp, Belgium)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14064,7 +14065,7 @@ }, "label": "Exposition internationale du surréalisme (1938 : Paris, France)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14081,7 +14082,7 @@ }, "label": "Expositions universelle internationale de 1900 (Paris, France)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14098,7 +14099,7 @@ }, "label": "Exposition universelle et internationale (1897 : Tervuren, Belgium)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14115,7 +14116,7 @@ }, "label": "Fang an ('Project on Paper')", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14132,7 +14133,7 @@ }, "label": "Fashion Quant, Mary", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14149,7 +14150,7 @@ }, "label": "Feet", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14166,7 +14167,7 @@ }, "label": "Fehr, Lina Frank, 1900-1950", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14183,7 +14184,7 @@ }, "label": "Felician, Saint", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14200,7 +14201,7 @@ }, "label": "feng-huang", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14217,7 +14218,7 @@ }, "label": "Fertility in art", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14234,7 +14235,7 @@ }, "label": "Fidelin, Adrienne (Ady), b. ca. 1920", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14251,7 +14252,7 @@ }, "label": "figure groups", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14268,7 +14269,7 @@ }, "label": "figures, female", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14285,7 +14286,7 @@ }, "label": "figures, male", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14302,7 +14303,7 @@ }, "label": "film and video", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14319,7 +14320,7 @@ }, "label": "Finch, Mary, Viscountess Andover", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14336,7 +14337,7 @@ }, "label": "Fletcher, Francis, 1814-1871", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14353,7 +14354,7 @@ }, "label": "Flier, Frieda", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14370,7 +14371,7 @@ }, "label": "Flora (Roman deity)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14387,7 +14388,7 @@ }, "label": "fortified town", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14404,7 +14405,7 @@ }, "label": "Founding of Rome", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14421,7 +14422,7 @@ }, "label": "Four Guardian Kings and protectors", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14438,7 +14439,7 @@ }, "label": "Franco-Africans", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14455,7 +14456,7 @@ }, "label": "Franz Maria Luitpold of Bavaria, 1875-1957", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14472,7 +14473,7 @@ }, "label": "Frasier, Brownell Dorris, 1896-1988", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14489,7 +14490,7 @@ }, "label": "Fruit harvesting and marketing", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14506,7 +14507,7 @@ }, "label": "Fujikawa Tomokichi", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14523,7 +14524,7 @@ }, "label": "Fujiwara no Sanetaka", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14540,7 +14541,7 @@ }, "label": "Fukami Jikyu", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14557,7 +14558,7 @@ }, "label": "Fukurokuju", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14574,7 +14575,7 @@ }, "label": "Funerary practices", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14591,7 +14592,7 @@ }, "label": "Future Juliette", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14608,7 +14609,7 @@ }, "label": "Gartside, Green, 1955-", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14625,7 +14626,7 @@ }, "label": "Gehenna", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14642,7 +14643,7 @@ }, "label": "Genji Monogatari", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14659,7 +14660,7 @@ }, "label": "genre", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14676,7 +14677,7 @@ }, "label": "Gentlemen scholars", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14693,7 +14694,7 @@ }, "label": "Giant sequoias--California--Mariposa--1870-1880", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14710,7 +14711,7 @@ }, "label": "Glasswork", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14727,7 +14728,7 @@ }, "label": "God B (Mayan deity)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14744,7 +14745,7 @@ }, "label": "God D (Mayan deity)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14761,7 +14762,7 @@ }, "label": "Godehardus, Saint, bishop of Hildesheim, d. 1038", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14778,7 +14779,7 @@ }, "label": "Gonzaga, Ercole, Cardinal", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14795,7 +14796,7 @@ }, "label": "Goro Tokimune", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14812,7 +14813,7 @@ }, "label": "Goudstikker, Sophia, 1865-1924", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14829,7 +14830,7 @@ }, "label": "Graeciniana of Volterra, Saint", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14846,7 +14847,7 @@ }, "label": "Great Leap Forward", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14863,7 +14864,7 @@ }, "label": "Griffin, John Smith, 1807-1899", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14880,7 +14881,7 @@ }, "label": "Guanyin", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14897,7 +14898,7 @@ }, "label": "Gundelinde of Bavaria, 1891-1983", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14914,7 +14915,7 @@ }, "label": "Gunfire", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14931,7 +14932,7 @@ }, "label": "Gunning, Anne", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14948,7 +14949,7 @@ }, "label": "Guomindang", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14965,7 +14966,7 @@ }, "label": "Hagoromo Legend", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14982,7 +14983,7 @@ }, "label": "Haida masks", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -14999,7 +15000,7 @@ }, "label": "Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15016,7 +15017,7 @@ }, "label": "Hanaogi IV", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15033,7 +15034,7 @@ }, "label": "Hanazuma", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15050,7 +15051,7 @@ }, "label": "Haworth, Edith (Stow), Mrs.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15067,7 +15068,7 @@ }, "label": "Heads (Anatomy)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15084,7 +15085,7 @@ }, "label": "HEB Grocery Company, LP", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15101,7 +15102,7 @@ }, "label": "Hedwig of Andechs, Saint, 1174-1243", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15118,7 +15119,7 @@ }, "label": "Helena Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein, 1870-1948", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15135,7 +15136,7 @@ }, "label": "Heliodorus (Biblical figure)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15152,7 +15153,7 @@ }, "label": "Hellawes (Legendary character)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15169,7 +15170,7 @@ }, "label": "Helmtrud of Bavaria, 1886-1977", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15186,7 +15187,7 @@ }, "label": "Hesperos (Greek deity)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15203,7 +15204,7 @@ }, "label": "Hidaka river", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15220,7 +15221,7 @@ }, "label": "Hildegard Maria of Bavaria, 1881-1948", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15237,7 +15238,7 @@ }, "label": "Hinodeya", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15254,7 +15255,7 @@ }, "label": "Hipsters", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15271,7 +15272,7 @@ }, "label": "historical", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15288,7 +15289,7 @@ }, "label": "historical architecture", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15305,7 +15306,7 @@ }, "label": "Historical Buddha Shakyamuni", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15322,7 +15323,7 @@ }, "label": "Holy Trinity", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15339,7 +15340,7 @@ }, "label": "Horae (Egyptian deities)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15356,7 +15357,7 @@ }, "label": "Horse Racing", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15373,7 +15374,7 @@ }, "label": "Hotei", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15390,7 +15391,7 @@ }, "label": "Hoto, Kokushi (1207-1298)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15407,7 +15408,7 @@ }, "label": "Hozuki (winter cherry)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15424,7 +15425,7 @@ }, "label": "Hubbard, Thomas J. (Jefferson), 1806-1877", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15441,7 +15442,7 @@ }, "label": "Humayun and Humay", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15458,7 +15459,7 @@ }, "label": "Hunahpu and Zbalanque (Mayan heroes)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15475,7 +15476,7 @@ }, "label": "Hun Batz and Hun Chien (Mayan characters)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15492,7 +15493,7 @@ }, "label": "Hushang, Shah", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15509,7 +15510,7 @@ }, "label": "Hyacinth (Greek mythology)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15526,7 +15527,7 @@ }, "label": "Iaia of Cyzicus (Marcia), 116-27 BCE", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15543,7 +15544,7 @@ }, "label": "Ibaraki", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15560,7 +15561,7 @@ }, "label": "Ichikawa, Ebijuro", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15577,7 +15578,7 @@ }, "label": "Ichikawa, Komazo", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15594,7 +15595,7 @@ }, "label": "Ichikawa Monnosuke", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15611,7 +15612,7 @@ }, "label": "Ichikawa, Omezo", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15628,7 +15629,7 @@ }, "label": "Ichimura, Kamezo", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15645,7 +15646,7 @@ }, "label": "Ichimura, Takenojo", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15662,7 +15663,7 @@ }, "label": "Iga no Tsubone", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15679,7 +15680,7 @@ }, "label": "III Biennale delle Arti Decorative (1927 : Monza, Italy)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15696,7 +15697,7 @@ }, "label": "Ike no Gyokuran", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15713,7 +15714,7 @@ }, "label": "informational", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15730,7 +15731,7 @@ }, "label": "installation, environmental, stage sets", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15747,7 +15748,7 @@ }, "label": "Instant cameras", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15764,7 +15765,7 @@ }, "label": "Interior design and furnishings", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15781,7 +15782,7 @@ }, "label": "Iphicles (Greek mythology)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15798,7 +15799,7 @@ }, "label": "Irene, Saint, 3rd century C.E.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15815,7 +15816,7 @@ }, "label": "Ise monogatari--Azuma-kudari", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15832,7 +15833,7 @@ }, "label": "Isfandiyār", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15849,7 +15850,7 @@ }, "label": "Italia (Roman deity)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15866,7 +15867,7 @@ }, "label": "Iwai, Hanshiro", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15883,7 +15884,7 @@ }, "label": "Iwai, Hanshiro, IV", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15900,7 +15901,7 @@ }, "label": "Iwai, Kiyotaro", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15917,7 +15918,7 @@ }, "label": "Iwai Kumesaburo", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15934,7 +15935,7 @@ }, "label": "Iyemon", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15951,7 +15952,7 @@ }, "label": "James, the Less, Saint", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15968,7 +15969,7 @@ }, "label": "Japanese occupation", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -15985,7 +15986,7 @@ }, "label": "Japanese White-eye (bird)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16002,7 +16003,7 @@ }, "label": "Jesus Christ--Death and burial", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16019,7 +16020,7 @@ }, "label": "Jesus Christ--Life", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16036,7 +16037,7 @@ }, "label": "Jigoku-dayu", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16053,7 +16054,7 @@ }, "label": "Judgement day", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16070,7 +16071,7 @@ }, "label": "Judith and Holofernes", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16087,7 +16088,7 @@ }, "label": "Jurojin", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16104,7 +16105,7 @@ }, "label": "Kapp-Lüttwitz Putsch (1920: Weimar, Germany)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16121,7 +16122,7 @@ }, "label": "Karl of Bavaria, 1874-1957", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16138,7 +16139,7 @@ }, "label": "Kataoka, Nizaemon", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16155,7 +16156,7 @@ }, "label": "Kawarazaki, Gonnosuke", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16172,7 +16173,7 @@ }, "label": "Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963--Public appearances.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16189,7 +16190,7 @@ }, "label": "Khiradnama-i Iskandari (Iskandar's book of wisdom)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16206,7 +16207,7 @@ }, "label": "khokholoma", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16223,7 +16224,7 @@ }, "label": "Kidōmaru-- Bandit", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16240,7 +16241,7 @@ }, "label": "Kikujido (Chrysanthemum Boy)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16257,7 +16258,7 @@ }, "label": "King Cole (Fictitious character)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16274,7 +16275,7 @@ }, "label": "K'inich Ajaw (Sun-Eyed Lord)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16291,7 +16292,7 @@ }, "label": "Kintaro", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16308,7 +16309,7 @@ }, "label": "Kiyohime", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16325,7 +16326,7 @@ }, "label": "Kohada Koheiji", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16342,7 +16343,7 @@ }, "label": "Konankada (Haida deity)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16359,7 +16360,7 @@ }, "label": "Kraken (Greek mythology)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16376,7 +16377,7 @@ }, "label": "Kuzunoha", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16393,7 +16394,7 @@ }, "label": "Kyknos (Legendary character)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16410,7 +16411,7 @@ }, "label": "Laborers--China--1930-1950", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16427,7 +16428,7 @@ }, "label": "Ladies-in-Waiting (Japanese court)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16444,7 +16445,7 @@ }, "label": "Lamb of God", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16461,7 +16462,7 @@ }, "label": "Landmarks", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16478,7 +16479,7 @@ }, "label": "Lane County Fair (Eugene, Or.)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16495,7 +16496,7 @@ }, "label": "Lapiths (Greek mythology)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16512,7 +16513,7 @@ }, "label": "Latona (Roman deity)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16529,7 +16530,7 @@ }, "label": "Latvian language", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16546,7 +16547,7 @@ }, "label": "Lawrence, Saint", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16563,7 +16564,7 @@ }, "label": "Layli and Majnun", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16580,7 +16581,7 @@ }, "label": "Lazarus (Biblical figure)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16597,7 +16598,7 @@ }, "label": "LEGO®", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16614,7 +16615,7 @@ }, "label": "Leopold, Duke of Albany, 1853-1884", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16631,7 +16632,7 @@ }, "label": "Leo X, Pope, 1513-1521", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16648,7 +16649,7 @@ }, "label": "Les Peintres Futuristes Italiens (1912 : Paris, France)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16665,7 +16666,7 @@ }, "label": "Liberality", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16682,7 +16683,7 @@ }, "label": "Li Bin", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16699,7 +16700,7 @@ }, "label": "literary / legendary", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16716,7 +16717,7 @@ }, "label": "Los Angeles Peace Tower", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16733,7 +16734,7 @@ }, "label": "Lucian of Beauvais, Saint, d. 290", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16750,7 +16751,7 @@ }, "label": "Lucius Aurelius Verus Augustus, Emperor of Rome, 161-169", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16767,7 +16768,7 @@ }, "label": "Lucius Septimius Severus, Emperor", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16784,7 +16785,7 @@ }, "label": "Lu Shang, 11th cenury BCE", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16801,7 +16802,7 @@ }, "label": "Lwegi, Chokwe chief, 17th century", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16818,7 +16819,7 @@ }, "label": "Lykomedes", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16835,7 +16836,7 @@ }, "label": "Lynchings", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16852,7 +16853,7 @@ }, "label": "Mackail, Margaret Burne-Jones, 1866-1953", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16869,7 +16870,7 @@ }, "label": "Madonna della Misericordia", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16886,7 +16887,7 @@ }, "label": "Mahmud ibn Dada Muhammad al-Yazdi, d. 1352", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16903,7 +16904,7 @@ }, "label": "Mahmud, Sultan of Ghazna, 998-1030", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16920,7 +16921,7 @@ }, "label": "Malatesta, Carlo", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16937,7 +16938,7 @@ }, "label": "Malatesta, Pandolfo IV", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16954,7 +16955,7 @@ }, "label": "manuscripts and books", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16971,7 +16972,7 @@ }, "label": "Marie Gabrielle, Princess of Bavaria, 1878-1912", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -16988,7 +16989,7 @@ }, "label": "Marie Therese, Archduchess of Austria-Est, 1849-1919", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17005,7 +17006,7 @@ }, "label": "Martha, mother of John the Baptist", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17022,7 +17023,7 @@ }, "label": "Mary Jacobi, Saint", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17039,7 +17040,7 @@ }, "label": "Mary Salome, Saint", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17056,7 +17057,7 @@ }, "label": "Mary, wife of Cleophas", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17073,7 +17074,7 @@ }, "label": "Märzrevolution (1848: Germany)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17090,7 +17091,7 @@ }, "label": "Massachusetts Bay Jetty", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17107,7 +17108,7 @@ }, "label": "Massima, Saint", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17124,7 +17125,7 @@ }, "label": "Matthieu, François X. 1818-1914", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17141,7 +17142,7 @@ }, "label": "Maximian, Saint", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17158,7 +17159,7 @@ }, "label": "Medoro", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17175,7 +17176,7 @@ }, "label": "Meisho (famous places)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17192,7 +17193,7 @@ }, "label": "Mercury poisoning", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17209,7 +17210,7 @@ }, "label": "Michael, Saint", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17226,7 +17227,7 @@ }, "label": "Michel, Francois. Dramma per Musica", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17243,7 +17244,7 @@ }, "label": "Mikhail I Feodorovich Romanov, Emperor of Russia, 1596-1645", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17260,7 +17261,7 @@ }, "label": "military / war", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17277,7 +17278,7 @@ }, "label": "Mills, Ernestine Evans, 1871-1959", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17294,7 +17295,7 @@ }, "label": "Minias, Saint, d. ca 250.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17311,7 +17312,7 @@ }, "label": "Minogame (Japanese mythology)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17328,7 +17329,7 @@ }, "label": "Montezuma II, Emperor of Mexico, ca. 1480-1520--Drama", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17345,7 +17346,7 @@ }, "label": "Morin Temple", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17362,7 +17363,7 @@ }, "label": "Mortars and pestles", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17379,7 +17380,7 @@ }, "label": "Mountebanks", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17396,7 +17397,7 @@ }, "label": "Murad I, Sultan, 1319 or 1326-1389", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17413,7 +17414,7 @@ }, "label": "Musical instruments--Banjo", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17430,7 +17431,7 @@ }, "label": "Musical instruments--Basse de viole", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17447,7 +17448,7 @@ }, "label": "Musical instruments--Cellos", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17464,7 +17465,7 @@ }, "label": "Musical instruments--Clarinet", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17481,7 +17482,7 @@ }, "label": "Musical instruments--Clavichords", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17498,7 +17499,7 @@ }, "label": "Musical instruments--Concertinas", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17515,7 +17516,7 @@ }, "label": "Musical instruments--Conchas", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17532,7 +17533,7 @@ }, "label": "Musical instruments--Guitars", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17549,7 +17550,7 @@ }, "label": "Musical instruments--Harps", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17566,7 +17567,7 @@ }, "label": "Musical instruments--Horns", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17583,7 +17584,7 @@ }, "label": "Musical instruments--Mandolins", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17600,7 +17601,7 @@ }, "label": "Musical instruments--Pipes", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17617,7 +17618,7 @@ }, "label": "Musical instruments--Tambors", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17634,7 +17635,7 @@ }, "label": "Nabor, Saint", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17651,7 +17652,7 @@ }, "label": "Nagas and naginis", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17668,7 +17669,7 @@ }, "label": "Nagas (Buddhist deities)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17685,7 +17686,7 @@ }, "label": "Naginata (Japanese glaive)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17702,7 +17703,7 @@ }, "label": "Naiads (Greek deities)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17719,7 +17720,7 @@ }, "label": "Nakamura Gentaro", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17736,7 +17737,7 @@ }, "label": "Nakamura Kuranosuke, 18th century", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17753,7 +17754,7 @@ }, "label": "Natalia of Nicomedia, Saint, d. 311", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17770,7 +17771,7 @@ }, "label": "Nephthys (Egyptian deity)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17787,7 +17788,7 @@ }, "label": "New Culture", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17804,7 +17805,7 @@ }, "label": "New Urbanism", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17821,7 +17822,7 @@ }, "label": "Nikomedes, Saint, 1st cent.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17838,7 +17839,7 @@ }, "label": "Noh plays", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17855,7 +17856,7 @@ }, "label": "Nō--Japan", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17872,7 +17873,7 @@ }, "label": "Nonsense", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17889,7 +17890,7 @@ }, "label": "nushwetu", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17906,7 +17907,7 @@ }, "label": "Oikoumene (Roman deity)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17923,7 +17924,7 @@ }, "label": "Oiwa", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17940,7 +17941,7 @@ }, "label": "Okame", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17957,7 +17958,7 @@ }, "label": "Okawa River", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17974,7 +17975,7 @@ }, "label": "Okita", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -17991,7 +17992,7 @@ }, "label": "Okubi-e (large-head pictures)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18008,7 +18009,7 @@ }, "label": "Oniwaka-maru", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18025,7 +18026,7 @@ }, "label": "Onnagata", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18042,7 +18043,7 @@ }, "label": "Onoe Matsusuke", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18059,7 +18060,7 @@ }, "label": "Opium pipes", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18076,7 +18077,7 @@ }, "label": "Orhan I, Sultan, 1284-1359", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18093,7 +18094,7 @@ }, "label": "Origins", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18110,7 +18111,7 @@ }, "label": "Osman I, Sultan, 1258-1326", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18127,7 +18128,7 @@ }, "label": "Otani, Hiroemon", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18144,7 +18145,7 @@ }, "label": "Otani, Hiroji", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18161,7 +18162,7 @@ }, "label": "Otani, Hiroji, III", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18178,7 +18179,7 @@ }, "label": "Otani, Hirotsugu", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18195,7 +18196,7 @@ }, "label": "Otani, Oniji", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18212,7 +18213,7 @@ }, "label": "Otohime (Legendary character)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18229,7 +18230,7 @@ }, "label": "Paleolithic cave art sites", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18246,7 +18247,7 @@ }, "label": "Pamphile of Kos", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18263,7 +18264,7 @@ }, "label": "Parachutes", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18280,7 +18281,7 @@ }, "label": "Parinirvana", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18297,7 +18298,7 @@ }, "label": "Parthenon (Athens, Greece)--Explosion, 1687", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18314,7 +18315,7 @@ }, "label": "Pax (Mayan deity)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18331,7 +18332,7 @@ }, "label": "Peaceable Kingdom", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18348,7 +18349,7 @@ }, "label": "Pelham-Clinton, Henry Pelham Fiennes, Duke of Newcastle, 1811-1864", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18365,7 +18366,7 @@ }, "label": "Peter Regalatus, Saint (1390-1456)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18382,7 +18383,7 @@ }, "label": "petrushkas", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18399,7 +18400,7 @@ }, "label": "Pförtner-Uibeleisen, Emma, 1880-1928", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18416,7 +18417,7 @@ }, "label": "Philosophers, Greek", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18433,7 +18434,7 @@ }, "label": "Philostratus the Elder", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18450,7 +18451,7 @@ }, "label": "Photographs--Perservation", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18467,7 +18468,7 @@ }, "label": "Phyllis (Greek mythology)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18484,7 +18485,7 @@ }, "label": "Picus (Legendary character)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18501,7 +18502,7 @@ }, "label": "Pietro Micca", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18518,7 +18519,7 @@ }, "label": "Pilgrims", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18535,7 +18536,7 @@ }, "label": "Pilsun", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18552,7 +18553,7 @@ }, "label": "Pine branches", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18569,7 +18570,7 @@ }, "label": "Pitcairn, John, MAJ", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18586,7 +18587,7 @@ }, "label": "Pleating-tools", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18603,7 +18604,7 @@ }, "label": "Portland Mechanics' Fair (1883 : Portland, Or.)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18620,7 +18621,7 @@ }, "label": "Portland Mechanics' Fair (1888 : Portland, Or.)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18637,7 +18638,7 @@ }, "label": "Portraits 1950-1960", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18654,7 +18655,7 @@ }, "label": "Portraits 1960-1970", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18671,7 +18672,7 @@ }, "label": "Pottery, Native American", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18688,7 +18689,7 @@ }, "label": "Pottier, Eugene Edine, 1816 - 1887", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18705,7 +18706,7 @@ }, "label": "Praxedis, Saint", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18722,7 +18723,7 @@ }, "label": "Primus, Saint", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18739,7 +18740,7 @@ }, "label": "Public buildings", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18756,7 +18757,7 @@ }, "label": "Publishing--history", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18773,7 +18774,7 @@ }, "label": "Pyrrhic", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18790,7 +18791,7 @@ }, "label": "Qing Ming Festival", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18807,7 +18808,7 @@ }, "label": "Raimondi, Francesco, 1607-1638", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18824,7 +18825,7 @@ }, "label": "Ramayana", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18841,7 +18842,7 @@ }, "label": "recreation and games", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18858,7 +18859,7 @@ }, "label": "Re-education", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18875,7 +18876,7 @@ }, "label": "religious (Semitic)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18892,7 +18893,7 @@ }, "label": "Ribes, Jacquiline de, Comtesse, 1929-", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18909,7 +18910,7 @@ }, "label": "Rock formations--Yellowstone National Park--1870-1880.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18926,7 +18927,7 @@ }, "label": "Rokugo River", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18943,7 +18944,7 @@ }, "label": "Romanov family", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18960,7 +18961,7 @@ }, "label": "Romanus II, Emperor of the East, 939-963", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18977,7 +18978,7 @@ }, "label": "Rose Mallow", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -18994,7 +18995,7 @@ }, "label": "Rossetti, Christina Georgina, 1830-1894. An Echo from Willowwood", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19011,7 +19012,7 @@ }, "label": "Rostam ibn Zal", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19028,7 +19029,7 @@ }, "label": "rulers / leaders", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19045,7 +19046,7 @@ }, "label": "rural", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19062,7 +19063,7 @@ }, "label": "Ryogoku Bridge", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19079,7 +19080,7 @@ }, "label": "Sa'di Subhat al-abrar", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19096,7 +19097,7 @@ }, "label": "Sa'di Teachers", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19113,7 +19114,7 @@ }, "label": "Sages", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19130,7 +19131,7 @@ }, "label": "Sahaja-deva (Buddhist deity)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19147,7 +19148,7 @@ }, "label": "Saint Laurent, Yves, 1936-2008", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19164,7 +19165,7 @@ }, "label": "Sakurahime (Cherry Princess)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19181,7 +19182,7 @@ }, "label": "Sakura Sōgorō (Sōgo-sama), 1605 – September 1653", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19198,7 +19199,7 @@ }, "label": "Salaman and Absal", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19215,7 +19216,7 @@ }, "label": "Salon d'automne (1912 : Paris, France)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19232,7 +19233,7 @@ }, "label": "Salon de l'Art Nouveau, 1895", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19249,7 +19250,7 @@ }, "label": "Sanjo, Kantaro", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19266,7 +19267,7 @@ }, "label": "Sanogawa, Ichimatsu", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19283,7 +19284,7 @@ }, "label": "Sawamura Kodenji", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19300,7 +19301,7 @@ }, "label": "Sawamura, Sojuro", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19317,7 +19318,7 @@ }, "label": "Sawamura, Sojuro, III", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19334,7 +19335,7 @@ }, "label": "Scholar officials", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19351,7 +19352,7 @@ }, "label": "scientific / medical", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19368,7 +19369,7 @@ }, "label": "Seals (Insignia)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19385,7 +19386,7 @@ }, "label": "Securitas", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19402,7 +19403,7 @@ }, "label": "Segawa, Kikujiro", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19419,7 +19420,7 @@ }, "label": "Segawa, Kikunojo", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19436,7 +19437,7 @@ }, "label": "Seki, Sanjuro", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19453,7 +19454,7 @@ }, "label": "Sempronia, 1st c. BCE", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19470,7 +19471,7 @@ }, "label": "Sennin", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19487,7 +19488,7 @@ }, "label": "settlement", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19504,7 +19505,7 @@ }, "label": "Shah Abu'l-Ma'ālī", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19521,7 +19522,7 @@ }, "label": "Shi Jin", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19538,7 +19539,7 @@ }, "label": "Shojo", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19555,7 +19556,7 @@ }, "label": "Shrines--Central Asia", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19572,7 +19573,7 @@ }, "label": "Silsilat al-dhahab (Chain of gold)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19589,7 +19590,7 @@ }, "label": "Simurgh", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19606,7 +19607,7 @@ }, "label": "Six, Jan, 1618-1700", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19623,7 +19624,7 @@ }, "label": "Siyawush", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19640,7 +19641,7 @@ }, "label": "Smith, Alvin T., 1802-1888", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19657,7 +19658,7 @@ }, "label": "Smith, Francis, LTC", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19674,7 +19675,7 @@ }, "label": "Smith, Polly, 1798-1867", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19691,7 +19692,7 @@ }, "label": "Social trends", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19708,7 +19709,7 @@ }, "label": "Sōshi Arai Komachi", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19725,7 +19726,7 @@ }, "label": "Soviet socialism", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19742,7 +19743,7 @@ }, "label": "Spiritual power", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19759,7 +19760,7 @@ }, "label": "Spoils of war", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19776,7 +19777,7 @@ }, "label": "Spring Festival, Kaifeng", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19793,7 +19794,7 @@ }, "label": "Steele, Margaret (Daisy)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19810,7 +19811,7 @@ }, "label": "Stone-cutting--Early works to 1800", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19827,7 +19828,7 @@ }, "label": "Straub, John, 1879-1934", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19844,7 +19845,7 @@ }, "label": "Streetcars", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19861,7 +19862,7 @@ }, "label": "Stress consentration", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19878,7 +19879,7 @@ }, "label": "Students 1960-1970", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19895,7 +19896,7 @@ }, "label": "Subhat al-abrar", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19912,7 +19913,7 @@ }, "label": "suburban", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19929,7 +19930,7 @@ }, "label": "Summer of Love", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19946,7 +19947,7 @@ }, "label": "Sutras", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19963,7 +19964,7 @@ }, "label": "Sylphs (Fictitious characters)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19980,7 +19981,7 @@ }, "label": "Tahmuras ibn Hushang, Shah", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -19997,7 +19998,7 @@ }, "label": "Takaku Aigai", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20014,7 +20015,7 @@ }, "label": "Takao", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20031,7 +20032,7 @@ }, "label": "Takarabune (Japanese mythology)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20048,7 +20049,7 @@ }, "label": "Tales of Ise--Azuma-kudari", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20065,7 +20066,7 @@ }, "label": "Tamamo no Mae (Jewel Maiden)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20082,7 +20083,7 @@ }, "label": "Tanabata Festival", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20099,7 +20100,7 @@ }, "label": "Tanaquil", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20116,7 +20117,7 @@ }, "label": "Tanwetamani, King of Egypt, 664-656 B.C.", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20133,7 +20134,7 @@ }, "label": "Tanyidamani, King of Kush, ca. 100 BCE", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20150,7 +20151,7 @@ }, "label": "Temples, Jewish", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20167,7 +20168,7 @@ }, "label": "Temporary exhibitions", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20184,7 +20185,7 @@ }, "label": "Ten great disciples (judai deshi)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20201,7 +20202,7 @@ }, "label": "Ten Kings of Buddhist hell", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20218,7 +20219,7 @@ }, "label": "Textile design--Africa", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20235,7 +20236,7 @@ }, "label": "Thackeray, William Makepeace, 1811-1863. Vanity Fair", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20252,7 +20253,7 @@ }, "label": "Third German Applied Arts Exhibition (1906: Dresden, Germany)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20269,7 +20270,7 @@ }, "label": "Tieguai", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20286,7 +20287,7 @@ }, "label": "Tiki (Polynesian deity)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20303,7 +20304,7 @@ }, "label": "Tilting", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20320,7 +20321,7 @@ }, "label": "Timarete", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20337,7 +20338,7 @@ }, "label": "Torinomachi Festival", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20354,7 +20355,7 @@ }, "label": "Tornabuoni, Francesca (Pitti)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20371,7 +20372,7 @@ }, "label": "Tornabuoni, Giovanni", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20388,7 +20389,7 @@ }, "label": "Trade Ax", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20405,7 +20406,7 @@ }, "label": "Transrational language", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20422,7 +20423,7 @@ }, "label": "Tsuyu (Morning Dew)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20439,7 +20440,7 @@ }, "label": "Tuhfat al-ahrar (Gift of the free)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20456,7 +20457,7 @@ }, "label": "typography / calligraphy", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20473,7 +20474,7 @@ }, "label": "Tyrannicides (Greek mythology)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20490,7 +20491,7 @@ }, "label": "Uguisu (Bush warbler)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20507,7 +20508,7 @@ }, "label": "Ukifune", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20524,7 +20525,7 @@ }, "label": "Ukiyo-e (Floating World)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20541,7 +20542,7 @@ }, "label": "'Umar, Caliph, 634-644", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20558,7 +20559,7 @@ }, "label": "UMO Ensemble (Unidentified Moving Objects), 1987-", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20575,7 +20576,7 @@ }, "label": "Uniformity", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20592,7 +20593,7 @@ }, "label": "Ushiwaka-maru (Childhood name of Yoshitsune)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20609,7 +20610,7 @@ }, "label": "Uthman, Caliph, 644-656", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20626,7 +20627,7 @@ }, "label": "Valerian, Saint", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20643,7 +20644,7 @@ }, "label": "Venus Felix (Roman deity)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20660,7 +20661,7 @@ }, "label": "Vertumnus (Roman deity)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20677,7 +20678,7 @@ }, "label": "Victor I, Pope, ca. 189-198 or 199", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20694,7 +20695,7 @@ }, "label": "Virudhaka (Hindu deity)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20711,7 +20712,7 @@ }, "label": "Virupaksa (Hindu deity)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20728,7 +20729,7 @@ }, "label": "Vita brevis", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20745,7 +20746,7 @@ }, "label": "Vydūnas, 1868-1953. Istselenie", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20762,7 +20763,7 @@ }, "label": "Watanabe no Tsuna", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20779,7 +20780,7 @@ }, "label": "Weinmiller, Margarethe, 1880-1957", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20796,7 +20797,7 @@ }, "label": "Werbund Exhibition (1914: Cologne, Germany)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20813,7 +20814,7 @@ }, "label": "Wilson, William Holden, 1805-1856", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20830,7 +20831,7 @@ }, "label": "Wiltrud Marie Alix of Bavaria, 1884-1975", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20847,7 +20848,7 @@ }, "label": "Windsor-Clive, Alberta Victoria Sarah Caroline (Gay)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20864,7 +20865,7 @@ }, "label": "Wolf (Legendary character)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20881,7 +20882,7 @@ }, "label": "Woodcutters", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20898,7 +20899,7 @@ }, "label": "Worthing, Helen Lee, 1905-1948", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20915,7 +20916,7 @@ }, "label": "Wu Gang", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20932,7 +20933,7 @@ }, "label": "Xibalba (Mayan underwolrd)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20949,7 +20950,7 @@ }, "label": "Xiquipilli (tribute bag)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20966,7 +20967,7 @@ }, "label": "Xiuhtecuhtli (Mayan deity)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -20983,7 +20984,7 @@ }, "label": "Yamamoto, Iwanojo", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -21000,7 +21001,7 @@ }, "label": "Yamamura, Ichitaro", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -21017,7 +21018,7 @@ }, "label": "Yamanaka, Heikuro", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -21034,7 +21035,7 @@ }, "label": "Yamashita, Kinsaku", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -21051,7 +21052,7 @@ }, "label": "Yu Chengxian", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -21068,7 +21069,7 @@ }, "label": "Zacharias, the priest, father of John the Baptist", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -21085,7 +21086,7 @@ }, "label": "Zahhak ibn Mardas", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -21102,7 +21103,7 @@ }, "label": "Zal ibn Saam", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -21119,7 +21120,7 @@ }, "label": "Zao Gongen (deity)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -21136,7 +21137,7 @@ }, "label": "Zethes (Greek mythology)", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -21153,7 +21154,7 @@ }, "label": "Zi Luo", "modified": { - "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@value": "2014-07-10", "@type": "date" } }, @@ -21670,8773 +21671,10282 @@ } }, -{ -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/1936UOfootballteam", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-10", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": 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-}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Apid", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Apid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Apid", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Atlanticbumber", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Atlantic bumber", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Atlanticbumber", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Atlantic bumber", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/balloonfish", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "balloon fish", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/balloonfish", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "balloon fish", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bamboocoral", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bamboo coral", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bamboocoral", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bamboo coral", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bananaslug", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "banana slug", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, - - -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/basketseastar", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "basket sea star", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bananaslug", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "banana slug", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Beachgrass", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Beach grass", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/basketseastar", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "basket sea star", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/beachhopper", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "beach hopper", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Beachgrass", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Beach grass", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bird'sBeak", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bird's Beak", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/beachhopper", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "beach hopper", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/blackkatychiton", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "black katy chiton", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bird'sBeak", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bird's Beak", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/blacktaileddeer", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "black tailed deer", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/blackkatychiton", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "black katy chiton", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/blackturbansnail", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "black turban snail", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/blacktaileddeer", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "black tailed deer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/blackberry", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "blackberry", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/blackturbansnail", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "black turban snail", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bleachweed", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "bleachweed", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/blackberry", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "blackberry", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/blenny", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "blenny", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bleachweed", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "bleachweed", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bloodworm", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "blood worm", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/blenny", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "blenny", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bluespotchiton", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "blue spot chiton", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bloodworm", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "blood worm", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bluetopsnail", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "blue top snail", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bluespotchiton", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "blue spot chiton", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bogorchidorladiestresses", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "bog orchid or ladies tresses", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bluetopsnail", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "blue top snail", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bottlebrushseaweed", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "bottlebrush seaweed", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bogorchidorladiestresses", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "bog orchid or ladies tresses", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BrainSponge", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Brain Sponge", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bottlebrushseaweed", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "bottlebrush seaweed", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/broadribkelp", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "broad rib kelp", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BrainSponge", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Brain Sponge", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/broadwingedkelporribbonkelp", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "broad winged kelp or ribbon kelp", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/broadribkelp", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "broad rib kelp", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/brokenbackshrimp", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "broken back shrimp", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, - - -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bronzespotcucumber", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Bronze spot cucumber", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/broadwingedkelporribbonkelp", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "broad winged kelp or ribbon kelp", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/browncoral", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "brown coral", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/brokenbackshrimp", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "broken back shrimp", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/brownragfish", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "brown ragfish", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bronzespotcucumber", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bronze spot cucumber", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/brownturbansnail", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "brown turban snail", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/browncoral", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "brown coral", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bryozoan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "bryozoan", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/brownragfish", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "brown ragfish", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bubblesnail", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "bubble snail", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/brownturbansnail", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "brown turban snail", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bullkelp", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "bullkelp", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bryozoan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "bryozoan", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/burrowinganemone", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "burrowing anemone", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bubblesnail", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "bubble snail", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Caddisfly", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Caddis fly", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bullkelp", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "bullkelp", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/calanoidcopepod", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "calanoid copepod", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/burrowinganemone", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "burrowing anemone", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Calicocrab", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Calico crab", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Caddisfly", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Caddis fly", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Californiaberthella", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "California berthella", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/calanoidcopepod", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "calanoid copepod", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Californiamoraleel", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "California moral eel", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Calicocrab", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Calico crab", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Californiaseacucumber", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "California sea cucumber", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Californiaberthella", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "California berthella", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Californiaseaslug", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "California sea slug", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Californiamoraleel", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "California moral eel", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/California'sseahare", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "California's sea hare", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Californiaseacucumber", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "California sea cucumber", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/caligidcopepod", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "caligid copepod", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Californiaseaslug", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "California sea slug", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Canadiangoose", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Canadian goose", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/California'sseahare", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "California's sea hare", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/caprellidamphipod", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "caprellid amphipod", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, - - -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Catalinatriopha", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Catalina triopha", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/caligidcopepod", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "caligid copepod", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/caterpillar", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "caterpillar", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Canadiangoose", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Canadian goose", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/cattails", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "cattails", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/caprellidamphipod", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "caprellid amphipod", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/cedar", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "cedar", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Catalinatriopha", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Catalina triopha", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/channelledtopsnail", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "channelled top snail", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/caterpillar", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "caterpillar", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/christmasanemone", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "christmas anemone", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/cattails", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "cattails", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/clamshrimp", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "clam shrimp", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/cedar", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "cedar", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/cliffswallows", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "cliff swallows", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/channelledtopsnail", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "channelled top snail", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/clover", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "clover", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/christmasanemone", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "christmas anemone", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/coarsesealace", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "coarse sea lace", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/clamshrimp", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "clam shrimp", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/coastalstrawberry", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "coastal strawberry", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/cliffswallows", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "cliff swallows", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CobaltSponge", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Cobalt Sponge", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + 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"@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cobalt Sponge", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/colonialseasquirt", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "colonial sea squirt", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Cockerell'snudibranch", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cockerell's nudibranch", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/colonialtubeworm", -"@type": 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"http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "colonial ascidian", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/commonbluebutterfly", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "common blue butterfly", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, - - -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/coraldwellingbutterflyfish", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "coral dwelling butterflyfish", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/colonialseasquirt", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": 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"http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "common blue butterfly", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/crown-of-thornsseastar", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "crown-of-thorns sea star", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/coraldwellingbutterflyfish", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "coral dwelling butterflyfish", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/cupcoral", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { 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"date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/cushionstar", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "cushion star", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/deepseasole", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "deep sea sole", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/cyclopoidcopepod", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "cyclopoid copepod", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: 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"Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Damsel fly", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/dogwinkle", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "dogwinkle", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Dana'sbladeshrimp", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dana's blade shrimp", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/doridnudibranch", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "dorid nudibranch", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/deepseasole", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "deep sea sole", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DouglasFir", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Douglas Fir", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Diomede'ssapsucker", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Diomede's sapsucker", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Dragonfly", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Dragonfly", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, - - -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/dumbooctopus", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "dumbo octopus", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/dogwhelk", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "dog whelk", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/dwarfrockweed", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "dwarf rockweed", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/dogwinkle", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "dogwinkle", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/dwarfskein", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "dwarf skein", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/doridnudibranch", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "dorid nudibranch", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/easternsoft-shellclam", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "eastern soft-shell clam", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DouglasFir", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Douglas Fir", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/eelturtle", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "eel turtle", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Dragonfly", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dragonfly", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Elephanteartunicate", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Elephant ear tunicate", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/dumbooctopus", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "dumbo octopus", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/elkorwapiti", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "elk or wapiti", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/dwarfrockweed", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "dwarf rockweed", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EmeraldCarpet", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Emerald Carpet", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/dwarfskein", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "dwarf skein", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/encrustingcorallinealgae", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "encrusting coralline algae", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/easternsoft-shellclam", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "eastern soft-shell clam", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/fatbogmoss", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "fat bogmoss", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/eelturtle", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "eel turtle", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/featherboa", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "feather boa", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Elephanteartunicate", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Elephant ear tunicate", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/featherdusterworm", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "feather duster worm", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/elkorwapiti", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "elk or wapiti", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/festivenudibranch", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "festive nudibranch", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EmeraldCarpet", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Emerald Carpet", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/fingersponge", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "finger sponge", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/encrustingcorallinealgae", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "encrusting coralline algae", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/fishlouse", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "fish louse", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/fatbogmoss", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "fat bogmoss", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/flagrockfish", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "flag rockfish", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/featherboa", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "feather boa", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/flat-tippiddock", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "flat-tip piddock", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/featherdusterworm", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "feather duster worm", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/fleshyJaumea", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "fleshy Jaumea", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/festivenudibranch", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "festive nudibranch", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/fragileseaurchin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "fragile sea urchin", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, - - -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/giantgreenanenome", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "giant green anenome", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/fingersponge", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "finger sponge", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/giantpinkseastar", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "giant pink sea star", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/fishlouse", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "fish louse", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/giantrockscalloporpurple-hingedscallop", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "giant rock scallop or purple-hinged scallop", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/flagrockfish", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "flag rockfish", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/giantspinedstar", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "giant spined star", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/flat-tippiddock", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "flat-tip piddock", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/giantwesternnassa", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "giant western nassa", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/fleshyJaumea", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "fleshy Jaumea", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/giantwesternnassa", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "giant western nassa", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/fragileseaurchin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "fragile sea urchin", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/greenribbonworm", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "green ribbon worm", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/giantgreenanenome", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "giant green anenome", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/gumplant", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "gum plant", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/giantpinkseastar", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "giant pink sea star", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/hairychiton", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "hairy chiton", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/giantrockscalloporpurple-hingedscallop", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "giant rock scallop or purple-hinged scallop", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/hard-stemmedbulrush", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "hard-stemmed bulrush", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/giantspinedstar", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "giant spined star", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/harvestfish", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "harvest fish", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/giantwesternnassa", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "giant western nassa", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hawaiiannoddytern", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hawaiian noddy tern", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/giantwesternnassa", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "giant western nassa", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/heartcockleorNuttall'scockleorbasketcockle", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "heart cockle or Nuttall's cockle or basket cockle", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/greenribbonworm", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "green ribbon worm", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/henandchicks", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "hen and chicks", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/gumplant", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "gum plant", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/hermitcraborMiller'scrab", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "hermit crab or Miller's crab", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/hairychiton", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "hairy chiton", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/hiddenriborruche", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "hidden rib or ruche", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/hard-stemmedbulrush", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "hard-stemmed bulrush", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hilton'saeolid", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hilton's aeolid", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/harvestfish", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "harvest fish", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/hogchoker", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "hog choker", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hawaiiannoddytern", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hawaiian noddy tern", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/hookedslippersnail", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "hooked slipper snail", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, - - -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hyperiidamphipod", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Hyperiid amphipod", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/heartcockleorNuttall'scockleorbasketcockle", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "heart cockle or Nuttall's cockle or basket cockle", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ida'smiter", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Ida's miter", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/henandchicks", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "hen and chicks", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Indianseaegg", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Indian sea egg", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/hermitcraborMiller'scrab", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "hermit crab or Miller's crab", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/inkspotcucumber", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "ink spot cucumber", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/hiddenriborruche", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "hidden rib or ruche", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/iridescentseaweed", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "iridescent seaweed", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hilton'saeolid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hilton's aeolid", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Japanesesquirrelfishorapanesesoldierfish", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Japanese squirrel fish or apanese soldierfish", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/hogchoker", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "hog choker", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/kelpcrab", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "kelp crab", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/hookedslippersnail", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "hooked slipper snail", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/keyholelimpet", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "keyhole limpet", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hyperiidamphipod", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hyperiid amphipod", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/kinggentian", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "king gentian", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ida'smiter", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ida's miter", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/lacybryozoan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "lacy bryozoan", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Indianseaegg", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Indian sea egg", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/laughinggulls", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "laughing gulls", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/inkspotcucumber", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "ink spot cucumber", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/laverorcellophaneornori", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "laver or cellophane or nori", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/iridescentseaweed", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "iridescent seaweed", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/leatherseastar", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "leather sea star", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Japanesesquirrelfishorapanesesoldierfish", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Japanese squirrel fish or apanese soldierfish", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/lightbulbtunicate", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "light bulb tunicate", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/kelpcrab", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "kelp crab", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/littleneck", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": 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"@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/orangestripedanemone", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "orange striped anemone", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/nettedbatfish", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "netted bat fish", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/orangetubecoral", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "orange tube coral", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NippleSponge", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nipple Sponge", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ostrichplumehydroid", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "ostrich plume hydroid", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/northernbladderchain", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "northern bladder chain", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: 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"http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "orange tube coral", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Paintbrushowl-clover", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Paintbrush owl-clover", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ostrichplumehydroid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "ostrich plume hydroid", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/peatmoss", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": 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"2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "pileperch", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Pacificbottlenosedolphin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pacific bottlenose dolphin", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/pincushionseastar", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "pincushion sea star", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Pacificcorambe", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pacific corambe", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/pinktailtriggerfish", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "pink tail triggerfish", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Pacificgiantsalamader", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pacific giant salamader", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/plumoseseaanemone", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "plumose sea anemone", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Pacificlancetfish", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pacific lancet fish", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Porter'schromodorid", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Porter's chromodorid", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Pacificsandab", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pacific sandab", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/portunidcrab", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "portunid crab", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PacificSpadefish", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pacific Spade fish", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Potatobug", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Potato bug", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/paintbrush", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "paintbrush", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/purpledwarfvenus", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "purple dwarf venus", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Paintbrushowl-clover", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Paintbrush owl-clover", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/purplesponge", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "purple sponge", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/peatmoss", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "peat moss", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/purplestripedjellyfish", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "purple striped jellyfish", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/pericarida", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "pericarida", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/rainbowseastar", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "rainbow sea star", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/pileperch", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "pileperch", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/rattailseacucumber", 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"definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "pink tail triggerfish", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/redlinedchiton", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "red lined chiton", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/plumoseseaanemone", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "plumose sea anemone", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/redneckedgrebe", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "red necked grebe", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Porter'schromodorid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Porter's chromodorid", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/redribbonworm", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "red ribbon worm", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/portunidcrab", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "portunid crab", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/redseaurchin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "red sea urchin", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Potatobug", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Potato bug", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Redsponge", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Red sponge", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/purpledwarfvenus", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "purple dwarf venus", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/redsquirrelfish", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "red squirrel fish", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, - - -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/redthroatedloon", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "red throated loon", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/purplesponge", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "purple sponge", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/redwing", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "red wing", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/purplestripedjellyfish", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "purple striped jellyfish", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/rhizocephalid", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "rhizocephalid", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/rainbowseastar", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "rainbow sea star", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ringtopsnail", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "ring top snail", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/rattailseacucumber", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "rat tail sea cucumber", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/rockscallop", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "rock scallop", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/redgorgonian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "red gorgonian", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Roostercomboyster", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Rooster comb oyster", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/redlinedchiton", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "red lined chiton", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Roostercrab", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Rooster crab", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/redneckedgrebe", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "red necked grebe", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/roseseastar", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "rose sea star", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/redribbonworm", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "red ribbon worm", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/roughpiddock", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "rough piddock", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/redseaurchin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "red sea urchin", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/roundleavedsundew", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "round leaved sundew", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Redsponge", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Red sponge", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/roundstingray", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "round sting ray", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/redsquirrelfish", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "red squirrel fish", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sabellidtubeworm", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "sabellid tube worm", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/redthroatedloon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "red throated loon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sabellidworm", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "sabellid worm", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/redwing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "red wing", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sacoglossan", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "sacoglossan", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/rhizocephalid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "rhizocephalid", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/saltmarshsandspurry", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "salt marsh sandspurry", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ringtopsnail", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "ring top snail", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SanDiegodorid", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "San Diego dorid", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/rockscallop", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "rock scallop", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sanderlings", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "sanderlings", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Roostercomboyster", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Rooster comb oyster", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/scallop", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "scallop", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Roostercrab", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Rooster crab", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/scarletgiliaorskyrocket", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "scarlet gilia or skyrocket", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, - - -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/seaarrow-grass", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "sea arrow-grass", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/roseseastar", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "rose sea star", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/seabrush", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "sea brush", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/roughpiddock", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "rough piddock", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/seafernhydroid", -"@type": 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"http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "round sting ray", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SeaHair", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Sea Hair", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sabellidtubeworm", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "sabellid tube worm", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sealemonnudibranch", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": 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"2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "seal", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SanDiegodorid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "San Diego dorid", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/seasideplantain", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "seaside plantain", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sanderlings", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "sanderlings", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/seersuckerorribbedkelp", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "seersucker or ribbed kelp", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/scallop", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "scallop", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/self-healofheal-allormint", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "self-heal of heal-all or mint", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/scarletgiliaorskyrocket", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "scarlet gilia or skyrocket", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/serpulidworm", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "serpulid worm", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/seaarrow-grass", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "sea arrow-grass", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/shaggyrugnudibranch", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "shaggy rug nudibranch", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/seabrush", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "sea brush", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/shortspinedseaurchin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "short spined sea urchin", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/seafernhydroid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "sea fern hydroid", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/shovelheadedshark", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "shovel headed shark", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/seafungus", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "sea fungus", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: 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"@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "sea lemon nudibranch", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sixarmedseastar", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "six armed sea star", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, - - -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/skein", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "skein", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/seasac", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "sea sac", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/slipperseacucumber", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "slipper sea cucumber", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/seagrasslaverorredfringe", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "seagrass laver or red fringe", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/soft-stemmedbulrush", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "soft-stemmed bulrush", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/seal", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "seal", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Solitarywasp", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Solitary wasp", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/seasideplantain", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "seaside plantain", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SouthAmericancormorant", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "South American cormorant", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/seersuckerorribbedkelp", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "seersucker or ribbed kelp", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Spanishdancer", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Spanish dancer", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/self-healofheal-allormint", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "self-heal of heal-all or mint", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/spinybrachiopod", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "spiny brachiopod", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/serpulidworm", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "serpulid worm", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/spinyredseastar", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "spiny red sea star", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/shaggyrugnudibranch", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "shaggy rug nudibranch", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/spotfish", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "spotfish", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/shortspinedseaurchin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "short spined sea urchin", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/spottedaglaia", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "spotted aglaia", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/shovelheadedshark", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "shovel headed shark", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/spottedtriopha", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "spotted triopha", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/silver-spottedsculpin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "silver-spotted sculpin", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/staghornfelt", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "staghorn felt", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Sitkashrimp", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sitka shrimp", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/stalkedorgooseneckbarnacle", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "stalked or goose neck barnacle", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sixarmedseastar", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "six armed sea star", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/stalkedtunicate", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "stalked tunicate", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/skein", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "skein", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/starletanemone", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "starlet anemone", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/slipperseacucumber", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "slipper sea cucumber", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Steer'shead", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Steer's head", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/soft-stemmedbulrush", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "soft-stemmed bulrush", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Stonecrab", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Stone crab", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Solitarywasp", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Solitary wasp", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/strapkelp", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "strap kelp", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SouthAmericancormorant", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "South American cormorant", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/stripedbutterflyfish", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "striped butterflyfish", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, - - -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/stripeddogwinkle", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "striped dogwinkle", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Spanishdancer", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Spanish dancer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/stripedsunstar", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "striped sun star", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/spinybrachiopod", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "spiny brachiopod", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/stripeyorscorpidfish", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "stripey or scorpidfish", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/spinyredseastar", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "spiny red sea star", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sugarkelp", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "sugar kelp", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/spotfish", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "spotfish", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sunstar", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "sun star", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/spottedaglaia", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "spotted aglaia", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sunflowerstar", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "sunflower star", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/spottedtriopha", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "spotted triopha", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/surfgrass", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "surf grass", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/staghornfelt", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "staghorn felt", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/swallowtailbutterfly", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "swallowtail butterfly", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/stalkedorgooseneckbarnacle", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "stalked or goose neck barnacle", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sweetpeaorvetch", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "sweet pea or vetch", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/stalkedtunicate", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "stalked tunicate", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/tansyleavedeveningprimrose", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "tansy leaved evening primrose", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/starletanemone", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "starlet anemone", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/tarspotseacucumber", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "tar spot sea cucumber", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Steer'shead", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Steer's head", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Taylor'sseahare", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Taylor's sea hare", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Stonecrab", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Stone crab", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/tellin", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "tellin", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/strapkelp", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "strap kelp", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/terebellidworm", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "terebellid worm", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/stripedbutterflyfish", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "striped butterflyfish", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/three-ribbedkelportriplerib", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "three-ribbed kelp or triple rib", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/stripeddogwinkle", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "striped dogwinkle", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/tochni", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "tochni", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/stripedsunstar", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "striped sun star", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Townsendchipmunk", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": 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"http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "sugar kelp", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Tubedwellinganemone", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Tube dwelling anemone", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, - - -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/turbansnail", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "turban snail", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sunstar", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, 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-"label": "Weddel seal", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/surfgrass", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "surf grass", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/wentletrap", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "wentle trap", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/swallowtailbutterfly", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "swallowtail butterfly", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/westernLilaeopsis", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "western Lilaeopsis", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sweetpeaorvetch", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "sweet pea or vetch", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/westernwhiteslippersnail", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "western white slipper snail", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/tansyleavedeveningprimrose", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "tansy leaved evening primrose", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/whitebogorchid", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "white bog orchid", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/tarspotseacucumber", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "tar spot sea cucumber", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/whitelineddorid", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "white lined dorid", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Taylor'sseahare", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Taylor's sea hare", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/whiteseapen", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "white sea pen", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/tellin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "tellin", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/widgeongrass", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "widgeon grass", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/terebellidworm", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "terebellid worm", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/wingedseaslug", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "winged sea slug", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/three-ribbedkelportriplerib", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "three-ribbed kelp or triple rib", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/woodychiton", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "woody chiton", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/tochni", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "tochni", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/worfherring", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "worf herring", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Townsendchipmunk", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Townsend chipmunk", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/wormsnail", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "worm snail", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/trunkfishorboxfish", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "trunkfish or boxfish", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/yellowedgedcadlina", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "yellow edged cadlina", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Tubedwellinganemone", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tube dwelling anemone", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/yellowsandverbena", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "yellow sand verbena", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/turbansnail", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "turban snail", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Acanthodorisnanaimonensis", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Acanthodoris nanaimonensis", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Turkishtowel", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Turkish towel", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Acnanthes", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Acnanthes", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Weddelseal", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, 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"@type": "date" + }, + "label": "wentle trap", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Anthopleurasp.", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Anthopleura sp.", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/westernLilaeopsis", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "western Lilaeopsis", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Antithamnionglandifera", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Antithamnion glandifera", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/westernwhiteslippersnail", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "western white slipper snail", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Aphrodite", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Aphrodite", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/whitebogorchid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "white bog orchid", + 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"@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pelecaniformes (pelicans and allies) - Frigatidae (frigatebirds)", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SeascapesandLandscapes", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Seascapes and Landscapes", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UnsegmentedCoelomateWorms", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Unsegmented Coelomate Worms", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Urochordata:AppendiculariaorLarvacea", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Urochordata: Appendicularia or Larvacea", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WildflowersandGrasses", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wildflowers and Grasses", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZonationPatterns", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Zonation Patterns", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-11", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Aerials", + "@type": 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"Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Antler, Elk", + "comment": "The horn of an elk", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArmBandsBeaded", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Arm Bands, Beaded", + "comment": "A band worn around the arm with beaded decoration. Alternately, a band made of strung together beads", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArmBandsBrass", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Arm Bands, Brass", + "comment": "A band worn around the arm made of brass", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArmBandsFur", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Arm Bands, Fur", + "comment": "A band worn around the arm made of animal fur", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BagBeaded", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bag, Beaded", + "comment": "A soft container used for carrying things with beaded decoration", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BagBeadedGeometric", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bag, Beaded--Geometric", + "comment": "A soft container used for carrying things with beaded decoration with geometric patterns or stylized figures", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BagCornhusk", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bag, Cornhusk", + "comment": "A soft container used for carrying things made from corn husks", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BagPipe", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bag, Pipe", + "comment": "A soft container used for carrying one or more smoking pipes", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BagStorage", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bag, Storage", + "comment": "A soft container used for storing things", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BandoleerFur", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bandoleer, Fur", + "alternateName": "Bandolier, Fur", + "comment": "A strap made of animal fur worn over the shoulder and across the chest, often decorative or used for the suspending or supporting of some other object", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BandoleerHairbone", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bandoleer, Hairbone", + "alternateName": "Bandolier, Hair Bone", + "alternateName": "Bandolier, Hair Pipe", + "comment": "A strap made of or decorated with long slender beads worn over the shoulder and across the chest, often decorative or used for the suspending or supporting of some other object", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Beaded", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Beaded", + "comment": "Having form or ornament produced with beads", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeadedGauntlet", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Beaded Gauntlet", + "alternateName": "Gloves, Beaded Gauntlet", + "comment": "A long glove decorated with beadwork", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BellsAnkleDance", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bells, Ankle-Dance", + "comment": "Small, hollow metalic objects worn around the ankle during dancing", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeltBeaded", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Belt, Beaded", + "comment": "A strip of flexible material worn around the waist, decorated with or formed of beads", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeltLeather", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Belt, Leather", + "comment": "A strip of leather worn around the waist", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeltYarn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Belt, Yarn", + "comment": "A woven strip of yran worn around the waist", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlanketStrip", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Blanket Strip", + "comment": "A strip of materials woven using the same techniques as blanket", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlanketStripBeaded", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Blanket Strip, Beaded", + "comment": "A strip of materials woven using the same techniques as blanket and decorated with beads", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BonnetDoubleTrail", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bonnet, Double Trail", + "comment": "A headdress with two long decorated tails", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BonnetSingleTrail", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bonnet, Single Trail", + "comment": "A headdress with a single, long decorated tail", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BonnetStovePipe", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bonnet, Stove Pipe", + "comment": "A headdress with an upright, cylindrical form", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BreastplateHairbone", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Breastplate, Hairbone", + "alternateName": "Breastplate, Hair Bone", + "alternateName": "Breastplate, Hair Pipe", + "comment": "A wide decorative chest ornament made of or decorated with long slender beads", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BridleBeaded", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bridle, Beaded", + "comment": "Headgear decorated with beads used to guide a horse", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BustleEagle", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bustle, Eagle", + "comment": "A piece of regalia made with eagle feathers attached to a backboard", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Capote", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Capote", + "alternateName": "Coat, Capote", + "comment": "A long hooded coat or cloak", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChapsLeather", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chaps, Leather", + "comment": "Leather leg coverings", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ClawsBear", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Claws, Bear", + "comment": "The sharp nails of a bear", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CoatBuckskin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Coat, Buckskin", + "comment": "A piece of outerwear made of the skin of a deer and used to keep the wearer warm or dry", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CoatCloth", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Coat, Cloth", + "comment": "A piece of outerwear made from cloth and used to keep the wearer warm or dry", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CoatJacket", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Coat, Jacket", + "comment": "A short piece of outerwear used to keep the wearer warm or dry", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Cornhusk", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cornhusk", + "comment": "The outer leaves of an ear of corn", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CowboyApparel", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cowboy Apparel", + "comment": "Clothing typially worn by cowboys", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CradleboardBeadedFloral", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cradleboard, Beaded--Floral", + "comment": "A baby carrier decorated with beadwork in patterns relating to flowers", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DanceStick", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dance Stick", + "comment": "A decorated stick used while dancing", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DeerHoof", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Deer Hoof", + "comment": "The horned foot of a deer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DressBuckskin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dress, Buckskin", + "comment": "Main garments for women, consisting of a bodice and skirt made from the skin of a deer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DressCloth", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dress, Cloth", + "comment": "Main garments for women, consisting of a bodice and skirt made from cloth", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DressClothBeaded", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dress, Cloth--Beaded", + "comment": "Main garments for women, consisting of a bodice and skirt made from cloth decorated with beads", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DressTradeCloth", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dress, Trade Cloth", + "comment": "Main garments for women, consisting of a bodice and skirt made from mass-produced cloth obtained through trade", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EarringsShell", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Earrings, Shell", + "comment": "Ear ornaments made of shell", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EelsDrying", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Eels--Drying", + "comment": "The process of preserving eel through exposure to air and sun", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ElectricStudio", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Electric Studio", + "comment": "A photographic studio?", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ElkTeeth", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Elk Teeth", + "comment": "Hard bony objects in the mouth of an elk used for biting and chewing", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EuroAmericanclothing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Euro-American clothing", + "comment": "Clothing typical of American settlers decended from Europeans", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FanEagleTail", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fan, Eagle Tail", + "comment": "A hand-held object made of eagle feathers used to produce a current of air", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FanHawkTail", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fan, Hawk Tail", + "comment": "A hand-held object made of hawk feathers used to produce a current of air", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FeathersEagle", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Feathers, Eagle", + "comment": "Light outgrowths that form the body covering of an eagle", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FurHairWraps", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fur--Hair Wraps", + "comment": "Ornamental strips of fur wraped around hair or hanging in the hair", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hairbone", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hairbone", + "alternateName": "Hair Bone", + "alternateName": "Hair Pipe", + "comment": "Long slender beads", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HatCornhusk", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hat, Cornhusk", + "comment": "A head covering made with corn husks", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HeaddressHorned", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Headdress, Horned", + "comment": "A head covering including the horns of an animal", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HorseGear", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Horse Gear", + "comment": "Equipment worn by horses, typially including saddles, blankets, bridles, reins, saddlebags or ornaments", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HorseTrappings", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Horse Trappings", + "alternateName": "Horse Regalia", + "comment": "Ornamental equipment worn by horses, including collars, masks and attachments to the reins, bridles,saddle bags and saddles", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Indianencampments", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Indian encampments", + "comment": "A place where Native Americans have established a camp", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LeggingsBuckskin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Leggings, Buckskin", + "alternateName": "Leggins, Buckskin", + "comment": "Leather coverings for the legs", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LeggingsWomens", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Leggings, Women's", + "alternateName": "Leggins, Women's", + "comment": "Coverings for the legs, especially for women", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LeggingsWool", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Leggings, Wool", + "alternateName": "Leggins, Wool", + "comment": "Wool coverings for the legs", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Logs", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Logs", + "comment": "Large pieces of unmilled wood from a tree", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Martingale", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Martingale", + "comment": "A large collar for a horse", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoccasinsBeadedFloral", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moccasins, Beaded-Floral", + "comment": "Soft leather shoeS decorated with beads in patterns relating to flowers", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoccasinsBeadedGeometric", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moccasins, Beaded-Geometric", + "comment": "Soft leather shoeS decorated with beads with geometric patterns or stylized figures", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoccasinsPlain", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moccasins, Plain", + "comment": "Soft leather shows devoid of ornament", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NecklaceLoop", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Necklace, Loop", + "comment": "A piece of jewelry formed by more than one loop of a strand of beads around the neck", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OrnamentsWomens", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ornaments, Women's", + "comment": "Decorative objects for women", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Pan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pan", + "comment": "Shallow container typically for domestic use", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PendletonHighSchoolPendletonOregon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pendleton High School, Pendleton, Oregon", + "comment": "Secondary school in Pendleton, Oregon, United States", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PipeHatchetStyle", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pipe, Hatchet Style", + "comment": "Smoking pipe with the form of a small ax", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Reins", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Reins", + "comment": "Straps used to guide a horse, connected to a bridle", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Religiousdwellings", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Religious dwellings", + "comment": "Domenstic buildings affiliated with a religious sect or community", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RoachPorcupine", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Roach, Porcupine", + "comment": "A headdress made of porcupine hair", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ScabbardKnife", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Scabbard, Knife", + "comment": "A sheath for a knife", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ScabbardRifle", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Scabbard, Rifle", + "comment": "A sheath for a rifle", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShawlPendleton", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shawl, Pendleton", + "comment": "A rectangular garment or wrapper for covering the head and shoulders, made from a Pendleton Blanket. The Pendleton Woolen Mills in Oregon mass produced these blankets for trading with the Indians and they were designed specifically for perceived Native American tastes", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShirtBuckskin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shirt, Buckskin", + "comment": "Main garment for the upper body made of deer skin", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShirtBuckskinBeaded", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shirt, Buckskin--Beaded", + "comment": "Main garment for the upper body made of deer skin and decorated with beads", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShirtCloth", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shirt, Cloth", + "comment": "Main garment for the upper body made of cloth", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Textilemillworkers", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Textile mill workers", + "comment": "Laborers in the textile-producing industy", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Underdresscloth", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Underdress, cloth", + "comment": "Cloth dresses worn beneath another dress", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VestCloth", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Vest, Cloth", + "comment": "Sleveless main garments extending to the waist or just below it, made of cloth", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Wagonwheels", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wagon wheels", + "comment": "Whells, largely wooden, made for wagons", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Workcrews", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Work crews", + "comment": "Groups of laborders put together to accomplish specific tasks", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -{ -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Protistans", -"@type": "Property", -"definedBy": { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" -}, -"issued": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -}, -"label": "Protistans", -"modified": { -"@value": "2014-07-11", -"@type": "date" -} -}, From 6fdc59052816e52eaefad11406164084c6614669 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Wed, 23 Jul 2014 09:44:32 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 108/186] Trying Moorhouse subjects again --- terms.jsonld | 1509 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 1509 insertions(+) diff --git a/terms.jsonld b/terms.jsonld index cc25827..0890dd9 100644 --- a/terms.jsonld +++ b/terms.jsonld @@ -30439,6 +30439,1515 @@ }, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AntlerDeer", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Antler, Deer", + "comment": "The horn of a deer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AntlerElk", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Antler, Elk", + "comment": "The horn of an elk", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArmBandsBeaded", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Arm Bands, Beaded", + "comment": "A band worn around the arm with beaded decoration. Alternately, a band made of strung together beads", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArmBandsBrass", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Arm Bands, Brass", + "comment": "A band worn around the arm made of brass", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArmBandsFur", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Arm Bands, Fur", + "comment": "A band worn around the arm made of animal fur", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BagBeaded", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bag, Beaded", + "comment": "A soft container used for carrying things with beaded decoration", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BagBeadedGeometric", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bag, Beaded--Geometric", + "comment": "A soft container used for carrying things with beaded decoration with geometric patterns or stylized figures", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BagCornhusk", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bag, Cornhusk", + "comment": "A soft container used for carrying things made from corn husks", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BagPipe", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bag, Pipe", + "comment": "A soft container used for carrying one or more smoking pipes", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BagStorage", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bag, Storage", + "comment": "A soft container used for storing things", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BandoleerFur", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bandoleer, Fur", + "alternateName": "Bandolier, Fur", + "comment": "A strap made of animal fur worn over the shoulder and across the chest, often decorative or used for the suspending or supporting of some other object", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BandoleerHairbone", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bandoleer, Hairbone", + "alternateName": "Bandolier, Hair Bone", + "alternateName": "Bandolier, Hair Pipe", + "comment": "A strap made of or decorated with long slender beads worn over the shoulder and across the chest, often decorative or used for the suspending or supporting of some other object", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Beaded", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Beaded", + "comment": "Having form or ornament produced with beads", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeadedGauntlet", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Beaded Gauntlet", + "alternateName": "Gloves, Beaded Gauntlet", + "comment": "A long glove decorated with beadwork", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BellsAnkleDance", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bells, Ankle-Dance", + "comment": "Small, hollow metalic objects worn around the ankle during dancing", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeltBeaded", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Belt, Beaded", + "comment": "A strip of flexible material worn around the waist, decorated with or formed of beads", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeltLeather", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Belt, Leather", + "comment": "A strip of leather worn around the waist", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeltYarn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Belt, Yarn", + "comment": "A woven strip of yran worn around the waist", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlanketStrip", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Blanket Strip", + "comment": "A strip of materials woven using the same techniques as blanket", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlanketStripBeaded", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Blanket Strip, Beaded", + "comment": "A strip of materials woven using the same techniques as blanket and decorated with beads", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BonnetDoubleTrail", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bonnet, Double Trail", + "comment": "A headdress with two long decorated tails", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BonnetSingleTrail", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bonnet, Single Trail", + "comment": "A headdress with a single, long decorated tail", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BonnetStovePipe", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bonnet, Stove Pipe", + "comment": "A headdress with an upright, cylindrical form", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BreastplateHairbone", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Breastplate, Hairbone", + "alternateName": "Breastplate, Hair Bone", + "alternateName": "Breastplate, Hair Pipe", + "comment": "A wide decorative chest ornament made of or decorated with long slender beads", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BridleBeaded", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bridle, Beaded", + "comment": "Headgear decorated with beads used to guide a horse", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BustleEagle", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bustle, Eagle", + "comment": "A piece of regalia made with eagle feathers attached to a backboard", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Capote", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Capote", + "alternateName": "Coat, Capote", + "comment": "A long hooded coat or cloak", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChapsLeather", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chaps, Leather", + "comment": "Leather leg coverings", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ClawsBear", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Claws, Bear", + "comment": "The sharp nails of a bear", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CoatBuckskin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Coat, Buckskin", + "comment": "A piece of outerwear made of the skin of a deer and used to keep the wearer warm or dry", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CoatCloth", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Coat, Cloth", + "comment": "A piece of outerwear made from cloth and used to keep the wearer warm or dry", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CoatJacket", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Coat, Jacket", + "comment": "A short piece of outerwear used to keep the wearer warm or dry", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Cornhusk", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cornhusk", + "comment": "The outer leaves of an ear of corn", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CowboyApparel", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cowboy Apparel", + "comment": "Clothing typially worn by cowboys", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CradleboardBeadedFloral", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cradleboard, Beaded--Floral", + "comment": "A baby carrier decorated with beadwork in patterns relating to flowers", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DanceStick", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dance Stick", + "comment": "A decorated stick used while dancing", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DeerHoof", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Deer Hoof", + "comment": "The horned foot of a deer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DressBuckskin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dress, Buckskin", + "comment": "Main garments for women, consisting of a bodice and skirt made from the skin of a deer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DressCloth", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dress, Cloth", + "comment": "Main garments for women, consisting of a bodice and skirt made from cloth", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DressClothBeaded", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dress, Cloth--Beaded", + "comment": "Main garments for women, consisting of a bodice and skirt made from cloth decorated with beads", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DressTradeCloth", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dress, Trade Cloth", + "comment": "Main garments for women, consisting of a bodice and skirt made from mass-produced cloth obtained through trade", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EarringsShell", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Earrings, Shell", + "comment": "Ear ornaments made of shell", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EelsDrying", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Eels--Drying", + "comment": "The process of preserving eel through exposure to air and sun", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ElectricStudio", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Electric Studio", + "comment": "A photographic studio?", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ElkTeeth", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Elk Teeth", + "comment": "Hard bony objects in the mouth of an elk used for biting and chewing", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EuroAmericanclothing", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Euro-American clothing", + "comment": "Clothing typical of American settlers decended from Europeans", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FanEagleTail", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fan, Eagle Tail", + "comment": "A hand-held object made of eagle feathers used to produce a current of air", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FanHawkTail", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fan, Hawk Tail", + "comment": "A hand-held object made of hawk feathers used to produce a current of air", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FeathersEagle", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Feathers, Eagle", + "comment": "Light outgrowths that form the body covering of an eagle", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FurHairWraps", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fur--Hair Wraps", + "comment": "Ornamental strips of fur wraped around hair or hanging in the hair", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hairbone", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hairbone", + "alternateName": "Hair Bone", + "alternateName": "Hair Pipe", + "comment": "Long slender beads", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HatCornhusk", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hat, Cornhusk", + "comment": "A head covering made with corn husks", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HeaddressHorned", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Headdress, Horned", + "comment": "A head covering including the horns of an animal", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HorseGear", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Horse Gear", + "comment": "Equipment worn by horses, typially including saddles, blankets, bridles, reins, saddlebags or ornaments", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HorseTrappings", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Horse Trappings", + "alternateName": "Horse Regalia", + "comment": "Ornamental equipment worn by horses, including collars, masks and attachments to the reins, bridles,saddle bags and saddles", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Indianencampments", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Indian encampments", + "comment": "A place where Native Americans have established a camp", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LeggingsBuckskin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Leggings, Buckskin", + "alternateName": "Leggins, Buckskin", + "comment": "Leather coverings for the legs", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LeggingsWomens", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Leggings, Women's", + "alternateName": "Leggins, Women's", + "comment": "Coverings for the legs, especially for women", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LeggingsWool", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Leggings, Wool", + "alternateName": "Leggins, Wool", + "comment": "Wool coverings for the legs", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Logs", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Logs", + "comment": "Large pieces of unmilled wood from a tree", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Martingale", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Martingale", + "comment": "A large collar for a horse", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoccasinsBeadedFloral", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moccasins, Beaded-Floral", + "comment": "Soft leather shoeS decorated with beads in patterns relating to flowers", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoccasinsBeadedGeometric", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moccasins, Beaded-Geometric", + "comment": "Soft leather shoeS decorated with beads with geometric patterns or stylized figures", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoccasinsPlain", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moccasins, Plain", + "comment": "Soft leather shows devoid of ornament", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NecklaceLoop", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Necklace, Loop", + "comment": "A piece of jewelry formed by more than one loop of a strand of beads around the neck", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OrnamentsWomens", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ornaments, Women's", + "comment": "Decorative objects for women", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Pan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pan", + "comment": "Shallow container typically for domestic use", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PendletonHighSchoolPendletonOregon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pendleton High School, Pendleton, Oregon", + "comment": "Secondary school in Pendleton, Oregon, United States", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PipeHatchetStyle", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pipe, Hatchet Style", + "comment": "Smoking pipe with the form of a small ax", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Reins", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Reins", + "comment": "Straps used to guide a horse, connected to a bridle", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Religiousdwellings", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Religious dwellings", + "comment": "Domenstic buildings affiliated with a religious sect or community", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RoachPorcupine", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Roach, Porcupine", + "comment": "A headdress made of porcupine hair", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ScabbardKnife", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Scabbard, Knife", + "comment": "A sheath for a knife", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ScabbardRifle", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Scabbard, Rifle", + "comment": "A sheath for a rifle", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShawlPendleton", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shawl, Pendleton", + "comment": "A rectangular garment or wrapper for covering the head and shoulders, made from a Pendleton Blanket. The Pendleton Woolen Mills in Oregon mass produced these blankets for trading with the Indians and they were designed specifically for perceived Native American tastes", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShirtBuckskin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shirt, Buckskin", + "comment": "Main garment for the upper body made of deer skin", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShirtBuckskinBeaded", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shirt, Buckskin--Beaded", + "comment": "Main garment for the upper body made of deer skin and decorated with beads", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShirtCloth", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shirt, Cloth", + "comment": "Main garment for the upper body made of cloth", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Textilemillworkers", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Textile mill workers", + "comment": "Laborers in the textile-producing industy", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Underdresscloth", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Underdress, cloth", + "comment": "Cloth dresses worn beneath another dress", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VestCloth", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Vest, Cloth", + "comment": "Sleveless main garments extending to the waist or just below it, made of cloth", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Wagonwheels", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wagon wheels", + "comment": "Whells, largely wooden, made for wagons", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Workcrews", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Work crews", + "comment": "Groups of laborders put together to accomplish specific tasks", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + } ] From b440f9a56a50a21249aa73bcf9d6e322551653d9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Wed, 23 Jul 2014 09:51:58 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 109/186] added names for Moorhouse --- names.jsonld | 2220 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 2220 insertions(+) diff --git a/names.jsonld b/names.jsonld index f325955..0f16138 100644 --- a/names.jsonld +++ b/names.jsonld @@ -178329,6 +178329,2226 @@ } }, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Awawanita", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Awawanita", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BarnhartBilly", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Barnhart, Billy", + "comment": "Umatilla man whose camp was photographed by Lee Moorhouse in 1903.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BennettJoe", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bennett, Joe", + "comment": "Walla Walla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlackHawkMrs", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Black Hawk, Mrs.", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlackMrs", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Black, Mrs.", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BurkeBob", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Burke, Bob", + "additionalName": "Burke, Robert", + "comment": "Cowboy who rode in the Pendleton Round-Up ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChapmanEd", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chapman, Ed", + "comment": "Native American man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1879-ca. 1920. Possibly a weaver in the Pendleton Woolen Mills", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChapmanJack", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chapman, Jack", + "comment": "Native American man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1879-ca. 1920. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChapmanSally", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chapman, Sally", + "comment": "Native American woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1879-ca. 1920. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChiefFiveCrows", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chief Five Crows", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChiefHomily", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chief Homily", + "comment": "Walla Walla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChiefNoShirt", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chief No-Shirt", + "comment": "Walla Walla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChiefPatBelly", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chief Pat Belly", + "comment": "Palouse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChiefPeo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chief Peo", + "comment": "Umatilla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChiefShooway", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chief Sho-o-way", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChiefUmapine", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chief Umapine", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChiefWolf", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chief Wolf", + "comment": "Palouse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CoffeyB", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Coffey, B.", + "comment": "Indian Agent for the Umatilla ca. 1888.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CornelisonJamesN", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cornelison, James N.", + "comment": "Reverand James. N. Cornelison was a missionary affiliated with the Tutuilla Presbyterian Church located on the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR).", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CornelisonMaryJane", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cornelison, Mary Jane", + "comment": "Photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920, Mary Janeis presumed to have a familial relationship with Rev. James N. Cornelison.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CoyoteAnna", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Coyote, Anna", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CoyoteIda", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Coyote, Ida", + "comment": "Cayuse girl photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CoyoteLee", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Coyote, Lee", + "comment": "Cayuse infant photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CoyoteRuth", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Coyote, Ruth", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CraigJoe", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Craig, Joe", + "comment": "Umatilla man photograohed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Eatnomeat", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Eat-no-meat", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FrenchLou", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "French, Lou", + "comment": "Walla Walla woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GibbonPeter", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gibbon, Peter", + "comment": "Palouse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuyerJim", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Guyer, Jim", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Heyutesemiliken", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "He-yute-se-miliken", + "comment": "Native member of the Indian Police Umatilla Agency in 1888.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ipnasoletok", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ip-na-sol-e-tok", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Istanse", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Istanse", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Itskaka", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Its-kaka", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Itswashpalu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Its-wash-pa-lu", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Jemima", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jemima", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JonesPhillip", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jones, Phillip", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JosephineYoumoits", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Josephine You-mo-its", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JoshuaBilly", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Joshua, Billy", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KanineJim", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kanine, Jim", + "comment": "Crow man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KashKash", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kash-Kash", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KashKashAnna", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kash-Kash, Anna", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KashKashJames", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kash-Kash, James", + "comment": "Cayuse preacher photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KittsonPeter", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kittson, Peter", + "comment": "Native American man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1904.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KolopsSusie", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ko-lops, Susie", + "comment": "Umatilla woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LazyDog", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lazy Dog", + "comment": "Umatilla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse 1903.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LibertyJohn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liberty, John", + "comment": "Umatilla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LightfootHorse", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lightfoot (Horse)", + "comment": "Horse ridden in the Pendelton Round-Up ca. 1897-ca. 1920, Pendleton, Oregon.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LincolnFrancis", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lincoln, Francis", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LindleyPeter", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lindley, Peter", + "comment": "Cayuse preacher photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LongHair", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Long Hair", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuTom", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lu, Tom", + "comment": "Umatilla man whose camp was photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LutonLacy", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Luton, Lacy", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LymanAbraham", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lyman, Abraham", + "comment": "Walla Walla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MarshallGeorge", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Marshall, George", + "comment": "Umatilla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/McBainJohn", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "McBain, John", + "comment": "Man photographed by Lee Moorhouse, often with groups of Native Americans.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/McKayAgnesRedhawkDavisDixon", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "McKay, Agnes Redhawk Davis Dixon", + "additionalName": "Red Hawk, Agnes Davis Dixon", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/McKayDonald", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "McKay, Donald", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MinthornLuke", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Minthorn, Luke", + "comment": "Native member of the Indian Police Umatilla Agency in 1888.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MinthornMolly", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Minthorn, Molly", + "comment": "Native American woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MinthornSabina", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Minthorn, Sabina", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MissCraig", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Miss Craig", + "comment": "Walla Walla woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Moses", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moses", + "comment": "Native American man photographed by Lee 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Persumably related to Art, Parson, Esther, Sarah, Dorothy, and Dan Motanic.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MotanicParson", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Motanic, Parson", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse in 1915. Persumably related to Art, Mary, Esther, Sarah, Dorothy, and Dan Motanic.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MotanicSarah", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Motanic, Sarah", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse in 1915. Persumably related to Art, Mary, Esther, Parson, Dorothy, and Dan Motanic.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NoShirtMrs", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "No-Shirt, Mrs.", + "comment": "Umatilla woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse in 1903.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Nuncipo", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nuncipo", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/O'ReillyCharlesJ", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "O'Reilly, Charles J.", + "additionalName": "O'Reilly, Charles Joseph", + "comment": "Catholic Bishop of Lincoln, Nebraska (1918-1923), Baker City, Oregon (1903-1918), and priest in Oregon City, Oregon (1890-1903).", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ParrNellie", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Parr, Nellie", + "comment": "Walla Walla woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ParrRosa", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Parr, Rosa", + "comment": "Walla Walla woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PatawaAlice", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Patawa, Alice", + "comment": "Umatilla woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PatawaAllen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Patawa, Allen", + "comment": "Umatilla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PaulRosa", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Paul, Rosa", + "comment": "Walla Walla woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PeoChiefElijahLowry", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Peo, Chief Elijah Lowry", + "comment": "Umatilla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PeoJennie", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Peo, Jennie", + "comment": "Native American woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920. Mother of Rachel Eva Shillal amd sister of Walter Peo.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PeoWalter", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Peo, Walter", + "comment": "Umatilla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920. Brother of Jennie Peo.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Petints", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Petints", + "comment": "Walla Walla girl photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PishCook", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pish-Cook", + "additionalName": "Fish Hawk", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse 1903", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PokerJim", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Poker Jim", + "comment": "Cayuse man, whose camp was near Cayuse Station, was photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920. He was also Chief of the Pendleton Round-Up sometime during the same period.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PopeLeoWhiteBull", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pope Leo White Bull", + "comment": "Cayuse and Umatilla boy photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QueenEtna", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Queen Etna", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RedElk", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Red Elk", + "comment": "Umatilla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse in 1903.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RedhawkGeorge", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Redhawk, George", + "comment": "Cayuse chief photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SampsonMaud", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sampson, Maud", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SawattisKowKow", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sawattis-Kow-Kow", + "comment": "Native member of the Indian Police Umatilla Agency in 1888.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Sequyena", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sequyena", + "comment": "Walla Walla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShillalRachelEva", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shillal, Rachel Eva", + "comment": "Native American infant, daughter of Jennie Peo, photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShowawayPaul", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Showaway, Paul", + "comment": "Umatilla or Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Somkin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Som-kin", + "comment": "Walla Walla princess photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuLump", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Su-Lump", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TiCarNee", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ti-Car-Nee", + "comment": "Walla Walla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Tilloquats", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tilloquats", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Totshoma", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tots-homa", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Towatoy", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Towatoy", + "comment": "Umatilla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse in 1903.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Tsintschpu", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tsin-tschpu", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UmaSomKin", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Uma-Som-Kin", + "additionalName": "Som-kin", + "comment": "Cayuse man, captain of the Indian Police Umatilla Agency in 1888, photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UmaSomKinMrs", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Uma-Som-Kin, Mrs.", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Watistemeha", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wa-tis-te-me-ha", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Wanico", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wanico", + "comment": "Umatilla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Watalowit", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Watalowit", + "comment": "Native member of the Indian Police Umatilla Agency in 1888.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenixtheElder", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wenix, the Elder", + "comment": "Cayuse woman, sister of Donald McKay, photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenixtheYounger", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wenix, the Younger", + "comment": "Cayuse woman, sister of Red Elk, photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WheetSootJack", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "WheetSoot, Jack", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WheetSootMrs", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "WheetSoot, Mrs.", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhirlwindCharlesJr", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Whirlwind, Charles, Jr.", + "comment": "Native American man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhirlwindCharleySr", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Whirlwind, Charley, Sr.", + "comment": "Cayuse doctor photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhiteIsaiah", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "White, Isaiah", + "additionalName": "Umko-kas-kat", + "comment": "Native member of the Indian Police Umatilla Agency in 1888.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhitebullIsadore", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Whitebull, Isadore", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WikeWike", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wike-Wike", + "comment": "Native member of the Indian Police Umatilla Agency in 1888.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamVictor", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "William, Victor", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamsJulius", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Williams, Julius", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamsLucian", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Williams, Lucian", + "comment": "Cowboy in the Pendleton Round-Up ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamsStella", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Williams, Stella", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Wohopum", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wo-ho-pum", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WoPaPum", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wo-Pa-Pum", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yeehye", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yeeh-ye", + "comment": "Cayuse or Umatilla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YellowHawk", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yellow Hawk", + "comment": "Native American participant in the Pendleton Round-Up, photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoungchiefDavid", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Youngchief, David", + "comment": "Walla Walla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + } ] From 6bbcbace7777e1bf17274509975a1ec7e134a3d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Wed, 23 Jul 2014 10:48:46 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 110/186] removed special characters from OIMB terms --- terms.jsonld | 80 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------------- 1 file changed, 40 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-) diff --git a/terms.jsonld b/terms.jsonld index 0890dd9..3d22e59 100644 --- a/terms.jsonld +++ b/terms.jsonld @@ -22052,7 +22052,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Agazzi'speanutworm", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Agazzispeanutworm", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -22268,7 +22268,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bird'sBeak", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BirdsBeak", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -22826,7 +22826,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/California'sseahare", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Californiasseahare", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -23114,7 +23114,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Cockerell'snudibranch", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Cockerellsnudibranch", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -23312,7 +23312,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/crown-of-thornsseastar", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/crownofthornsseastar", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -23438,7 +23438,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Dana'sbladeshrimp", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Danasbladeshrimp", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -23474,7 +23474,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Diomede'ssapsucker", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Diomedessapsucker", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -23636,7 +23636,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/easternsoft-shellclam", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/easternsoftshellclam", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -23870,7 +23870,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/flat-tippiddock", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/flattippiddock", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -23960,7 +23960,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/giantrockscalloporpurple-hingedscallop", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/giantrockscalloporpurplehingedscallop", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -24086,7 +24086,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/hard-stemmedbulrush", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/hardstemmedbulrush", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -24140,7 +24140,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/heartcockleorNuttall'scockleorbasketcockle", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/heartcockleorNuttallscockleorbasketcockle", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -24176,7 +24176,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/hermitcraborMiller'scrab", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/hermitcraborMillerscrab", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -24212,7 +24212,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hilton'saeolid", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hiltonsaeolid", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -24284,7 +24284,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ida'smiter", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Idasmiter", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -24590,7 +24590,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Macfarland'schromodorid", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Macfarlandschromodorid", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -25238,7 +25238,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Paintbrushowl-clover", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Paintbrushowlclover", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -25364,7 +25364,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Porter'schromodorid", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Porterschromodorid", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -25976,7 +25976,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/seaarrow-grass", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/seaarrowgrass", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -26174,7 +26174,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/self-healofheal-allormint", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/selfhealofhealallormint", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -26264,7 +26264,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/silver-spottedsculpin", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/silverspottedsculpin", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -26354,7 +26354,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/soft-stemmedbulrush", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/softstemmedbulrush", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -26588,7 +26588,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Steer'shead", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Steershead", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -26858,7 +26858,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Taylor'sseahare", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Taylorsseahare", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -26912,7 +26912,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/three-ribbedkelportriplerib", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/threeribbedkelportriplerib", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -28388,7 +28388,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Haemulonsp.", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Haemulonsp", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -28406,7 +28406,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Haliotissp.", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Haliotissp", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -28784,7 +28784,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Lithopomasp.", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Lithopomasp", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -28838,7 +28838,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Lopholithodessp.", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Lopholithodessp", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -29306,7 +29306,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Pisastersp.", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Pisastersp", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -29594,7 +29594,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Scarussp.", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Scarussp", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -29702,7 +29702,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Squatinasp.", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Squatinasp", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -29936,7 +29936,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Anseriformes(waterfowl)-mergansers", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Anseriformeswaterfowlmergansers", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -29954,7 +29954,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Anseriformes(waterfowl)-seaducks", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Anseriformeswaterfowlseaducks", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -29972,7 +29972,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Anseriformes(waterfowl)-surfacefeedingducks", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Anseriformeswaterfowlsurfacefeedingducks", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -29990,7 +29990,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bivalve-Misc", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BivalveMisc", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -30026,7 +30026,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Charadriiformes(shorebirds,gulls,alcids)-Scalopacidae(sandpipers)", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CharadriiformesshorebirdsgullsalcidsScalopacidaesandpipers", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -30170,7 +30170,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Opisthobranchia-Notospidea", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OpisthobranchiaNotospidea", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -30188,7 +30188,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Pelecaniformes(pelicansandallies)-Frigatidae(frigatebirds)", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PelecaniformespelicansandalliesFrigatidaefrigatebirds", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -30350,7 +30350,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Mammalia-Terrestrial", +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MammaliaTerrestrial", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" From 3956aa0165a501753a82732c90ae6aeb1f9808f2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Wed, 23 Jul 2014 10:56:29 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 111/186] removed special characters in terms removed special characters from uostock, latinoherit, and percent --- terms.jsonld | 36 ++++++++++++++++++------------------ 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-) diff --git a/terms.jsonld b/terms.jsonld index 3d22e59..a805f73 100644 --- a/terms.jsonld +++ b/terms.jsonld @@ -9749,7 +9749,7 @@ { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Durán-ArellanoLizsandratestimony", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DuranArellanoLizsandratestimony", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -9768,7 +9768,7 @@ { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GambettaJimena Kheavtestimony", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GambettaJimenaKheavtestimony", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -9841,7 +9841,7 @@ { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LópezAuroratestimony", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LopezAuroratestimony", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -9859,7 +9859,7 @@ { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiskellGraciela (Meche)testimony", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MiskellGracielaMechetestimony", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -10183,7 +10183,7 @@ { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Multi-mediaPresentations ", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MultimediaPresentations ", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21761,7 +21761,7 @@ { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/digitalfile;color", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/digitalfilecolor", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21779,7 +21779,7 @@ { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/photocopy,8x10inches;color", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/photocopy8x10inchescolor", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21798,7 +21798,7 @@ { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/photocopy;bw", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/photocopybw", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21816,7 +21816,7 @@ { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/photocopy;color", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/photocopycolor", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21834,7 +21834,7 @@ { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/slide;kodachrome", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/slidekodachrome", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21852,7 +21852,7 @@ { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/document;color", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/documentcolor", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21870,7 +21870,7 @@ { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/documents;bw", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/documentsbw", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21888,7 +21888,7 @@ { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/mapindex;bw", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/mapindexbw", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21906,7 +21906,7 @@ { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/map;color", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/mapcolor", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21924,7 +21924,7 @@ { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/photocopy,8x10inches;color", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/photocopy8x10inchescolor", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21943,7 +21943,7 @@ { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/photocopy;bw", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/photocopybw", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21961,7 +21961,7 @@ { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/photocopy;color", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/photocopycolor", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21979,7 +21979,7 @@ { -"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/slide;kodachrome", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/slidekodachrome", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" From 31d10b288d710f9bcc87516aa2f38255e79a2f54 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Wed, 23 Jul 2014 12:13:15 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 112/186] removed special characters uopres, univ, jasr --- terms.jsonld | 48 ++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------------ 1 file changed, 24 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-) diff --git a/terms.jsonld b/terms.jsonld index a805f73..6a13b17 100644 --- a/terms.jsonld +++ b/terms.jsonld @@ -9589,7 +9589,7 @@ }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JapaneseAmericancollegestudents--Oregon", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JapaneseAmericancollegestudentsOregon", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -9607,7 +9607,7 @@ { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JapaneseAmericancollegestudents--Socialconditions--20thcentury", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JapaneseAmericancollegestudentsSocialconditions20thcentury", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -9625,7 +9625,7 @@ { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Students,Transferof--Oregon", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudentsTransferofOregon", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -10379,7 +10379,7 @@ }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Africa--Studyandteaching", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AfricaStudyandteaching", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -10397,7 +10397,7 @@ { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AfricanAmericanarts--Cost", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AfricanAmericanartsCost", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -10415,7 +10415,7 @@ { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlackArtsmovement--Cost", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlackArtsmovementCost", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21163,7 +21163,7 @@ { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Blacks--Publicopinion", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlacksPublicopinion", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21181,7 +21181,7 @@ { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Busingforschoolintegration--Publicopinion", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BusingforschoolintegrationPublicopinion", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21200,7 +21200,7 @@ { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Collegeadministrators--Resignation", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollegeadministratorsResignation", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21219,7 +21219,7 @@ { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Collegepresidents--Attitudes", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollegepresidentsAttitudes", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21237,7 +21237,7 @@ { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Collegepresidents--Caricaturesandcartoons", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollegepresidentsCaricaturesandcartoons", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21256,7 +21256,7 @@ { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Collegestudents--Druguse", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollegestudentsDruguse", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21274,7 +21274,7 @@ { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Collegeteachers--Dismissalof", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CollegeteachersDismissalof", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21292,7 +21292,7 @@ { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Crowdcontrol--Planning", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CrowdcontrolPlanning", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21310,7 +21310,7 @@ { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Drugs--Analysis--Finance", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DrugsAnalysisFinance", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21328,7 +21328,7 @@ { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Employees--Recruiting", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EmployeesRecruiting", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21364,7 +21364,7 @@ { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Specialevents--Finance", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SpecialeventsFinance", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21382,7 +21382,7 @@ { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Studenthousing--Finace", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StudenthousingFinace", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21400,7 +21400,7 @@ { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Universitiesandcolleges--Faculty--Trainingof--UnitedStates", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UniversitiesandcollegesFacultyTrainingofUnitedStates", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21507,7 +21507,7 @@ { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PolarPlunge(Fundraiser)", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PolarPlungeFundraiser", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21525,7 +21525,7 @@ { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShowTime,2011", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShowTime2011", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21543,7 +21543,7 @@ { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShowTime,2012", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShowTime2012", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21561,7 +21561,7 @@ { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Showtime,2013", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Showtime2013", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -21600,7 +21600,7 @@ { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ed'sCo-ed", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EdsCoed", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" From 30123371f6551541316bad0363ef51bc1e37cea2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Wed, 23 Jul 2014 13:28:32 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 113/186] removed special characters uopres and univ --- names.jsonld | 1146 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------- 1 file changed, 675 insertions(+), 471 deletions(-) diff --git a/names.jsonld b/names.jsonld index 0f16138..ebdf271 100644 --- a/names.jsonld +++ b/names.jsonld @@ -140360,8 +140360,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AllenDale", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AllenDale", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140377,8 +140378,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AllisonRaymondDaniel", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AllisonRaymondDaniel", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140394,8 +140396,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AllmanJoseph", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AllmanJoseph", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140411,8 +140414,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndersonHoward", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndersonHoward", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140428,8 +140432,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndersonKent", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndersonKent", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140445,8 +140450,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndersonLes1921-2000", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndersonLes19212000", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140462,8 +140468,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndersonPaul", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndersonPaul", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140479,8 +140486,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndrosDee1924-2003", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AndrosDee19242003", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140496,8 +140504,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArmstrongRexE.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArmstrongRexE", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140513,8 +140522,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BainLucious", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BainLucious", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140530,8 +140540,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BallouJamesR.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BallouJamesR", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140547,8 +140558,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BarkhurstVernonL", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BarkhurstVernonL", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140564,8 +140576,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BarnettDeborahJ.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BarnettDeborahJ", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140581,8 +140594,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BarnhartPhilipN.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BarnhartPhilipN", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140598,8 +140612,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BarryFrankJ.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BarryFrankJ", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140615,8 +140630,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BealEdwinF.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BealEdwinF", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140632,8 +140648,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BealEdwinT.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BealEdwinT", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140649,8 +140666,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeallChandlerBaker1901-", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeallChandlerBaker1901", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140666,8 +140684,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeanTerrenceP.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeanTerrenceP", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140683,8 +140702,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeezleyNancy", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeezleyNancy", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140700,8 +140720,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BennettMarty", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BennettMarty", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140717,8 +140738,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BisnoHerbert", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BisnoHerbert", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140734,8 +140756,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlackburnCarl", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlackburnCarl", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140751,8 +140774,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlakeRusty", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlakeRusty", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140768,8 +140792,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlauCraig", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlauCraig", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140785,8 +140810,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BogenGeraldKeith1937-", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BogenGeraldKeith1937", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140802,8 +140828,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BowlinRobertLeroy1930-", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BowlinRobertLeroy1930", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140819,8 +140846,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BoydWilliamB.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BoydWilliamB", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140836,8 +140864,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BrainerdPaul", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BrainerdPaul", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140853,8 +140882,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BraunstenBruce", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BraunstenBruce", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140870,8 +140900,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BrightmanLeman", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BrightmanLeman", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140887,8 +140918,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BringhamWilliamT.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BringhamWilliamT", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140904,8 +140936,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BriscoeJohnL.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BriscoeJohnL", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140921,8 +140954,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CalicaLawrence", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CalicaLawrence", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140938,8 +140972,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CanedoFelipe", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CanedoFelipe", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140955,8 +140990,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CanedoPhillipe", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CanedoPhillipe", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140972,8 +141008,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CarlsonJ.Spencer", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CarlsonJSpencer", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -140989,8 +141026,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CarnayRaymondB.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CarnayRaymondB", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141006,8 +141044,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CasterlineJamesC.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CasterlineJamesC", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141023,8 +141062,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChalmersDonaldJ.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChalmersDonaldJ", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141040,8 +141080,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CivinPaul", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CivinPaul", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141057,8 +141098,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ClarkeDavid", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ClarkeDavid", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141074,8 +141116,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ConeEdwinE.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ConeEdwinE", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141091,8 +141134,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CookVern", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CookVern", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141108,8 +141152,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CooperElmerB.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CooperElmerB", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141125,8 +141170,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CoreyGeorge", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CoreyGeorge", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141142,8 +141188,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CormierMargaret", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CormierMargaret", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141159,8 +141206,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CorriganBernardG.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CorriganBernardG", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141176,8 +141224,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CrossCarolM.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CrossCarolM", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141193,8 +141242,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CrossCarolynMarie1939-", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CrossCarolynMarie1939", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141210,8 +141260,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CurtisElbert", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CurtisElbert", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141227,8 +141278,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CuthbertFrederickAlexander1902-", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CuthbertFrederickAlexander1902", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141244,8 +141296,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/delaIslaJose", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/delaIslaJose", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141261,8 +141314,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DementBea", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DementBea", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141278,8 +141332,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DuncanRobertBlackford1920-", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DuncanRobertBlackford1920", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141295,8 +141350,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DuShaneDonaldM.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DuShaneDonaldM", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141312,8 +141368,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DvorakRobert", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DvorakRobert", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141329,8 +141386,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EachusRon", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EachusRon", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141346,8 +141404,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EaglinRay", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EaglinRay", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141363,8 +141422,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EnglishBrent", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EnglishBrent", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141380,8 +141440,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EnglishMichaelJohn", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EnglishMichaelJohn", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141397,8 +141458,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EsslingerArthurAlbert1905-1973", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EsslingerArthurAlbert19051973", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141414,8 +141476,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FagotRobertF.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FagotRobertF", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141431,8 +141494,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FarleighF.Scott", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FarleighFScott", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141448,8 +141512,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FeverLouis", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FeverLouis", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141465,8 +141530,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FinlayDavid", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FinlayDavid", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141482,8 +141548,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FischerDale", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FischerDale", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141499,8 +141566,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FitzpatrickCathy", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FitzpatrickCathy", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141516,8 +141584,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FordKent", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FordKent", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141533,8 +141602,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FosmireFred", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FosmireFred", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141550,8 +141620,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FosterCharlesH", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FosterCharlesH", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141567,8 +141638,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FrancisBecky", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FrancisBecky", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141584,8 +141656,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FreedJeffreyP.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FreedJeffreyP", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141601,8 +141674,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FreemanDavid.F.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FreemanDavidF", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141618,8 +141692,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FreemanR.S.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FreemanRS", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141635,8 +141710,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GirardeauMarvinD.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GirardeauMarvinD", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141652,8 +141728,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GlennOakleyV.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GlennOakleyV", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141669,8 +141746,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GoldsmithMilton", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GoldsmithMilton", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141686,8 +141764,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GraberDon", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GraberDon", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141703,8 +141782,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GubserJoyHills1906-", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GubserJoyHills1906", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141720,8 +141800,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuthrieJulie", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuthrieJulie", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141737,8 +141818,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaleAnitaB.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaleAnitaB", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141754,8 +141836,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HanselStafford", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HanselStafford", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141771,8 +141854,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HarringtonPatrickC.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HarringtonPatrickC", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141788,8 +141872,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HartstoneRogerD.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HartstoneRogerD", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141805,8 +141890,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HarwoodDale", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HarwoodDale", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141822,8 +141908,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HawkNormanRay", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HawkNormanRay", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141839,8 +141926,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaxsonSuzanne", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HaxsonSuzanne", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141856,8 +141944,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HenshawJ.L.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HenshawJL", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141873,8 +141962,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HerrickJohn", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HerrickJohn", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141890,8 +141980,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HicksLucious", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HicksLucious", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141907,8 +141998,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HillJames", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HillJames", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141924,8 +142016,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HillJamesE.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HillJamesE", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141941,8 +142034,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HillSylviaI.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HillSylviaI", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141958,8 +142052,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HilllJamesE.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HilllJamesE", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141975,8 +142070,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HinkleJoan", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HinkleJoan", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -141992,8 +142088,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HiugaArleen", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HiugaArleen", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142009,8 +142106,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HodgesSusan", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HodgesSusan", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142026,8 +142124,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoehnPhilipT.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HoehnPhilipT", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142043,8 +142142,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HollinsCharles", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HollinsCharles", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142060,8 +142160,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HollowayJohnnyC.1938-", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HollowayJohnnyC1938", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142077,8 +142178,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HolmanCharlesN.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HolmanCharlesN", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142094,8 +142196,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HowardJohn", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HowardJohn", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142111,8 +142214,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HugginsClara", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HugginsClara", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142128,8 +142232,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HutchenRobert", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HutchenRobert", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142145,8 +142250,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacksonPenny", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacksonPenny", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142162,8 +142268,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacobsonEugene", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacobsonEugene", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142179,8 +142286,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacobsonPaulBenjamin1901-", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacobsonPaulBenjamin1901", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142196,8 +142304,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JensenJamesHerbert", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JensenJamesHerbert", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142213,8 +142322,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonLee", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonLee", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142230,8 +142340,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonSam", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonSam", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142247,8 +142358,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JonesDick", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JonesDick", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142264,8 +142376,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JonesLucille", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JonesLucille", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142281,8 +142394,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JonisonKathryn", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JonisonKathryn", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142298,8 +142412,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KellerCharlesR.1901-", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KellerCharlesR1901", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142315,8 +142430,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KiefferJaroldA.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KiefferJaroldA", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142332,8 +142448,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kiner-McIverMarlaina", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KinerMcIverMarlaina", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142349,8 +142466,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KleinsasserWilliam", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KleinsasserWilliam", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142366,8 +142484,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KmentKennethMichael", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KmentKennethMichael", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142383,8 +142502,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LacyFrankR", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LacyFrankR", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142400,25 +142520,9 @@ } }, - { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LacyFrankR.", - "@type": "Property", - "definedBy": { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" - }, - "issued": { - "@value": "2014-07-09", - "@type": "date" - }, - "label": "Lacy, Frank R.", - "modified": { - "@value": "2014-07-09", - "@type": "date" - } - }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LallasJohn", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LallasJohn", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142434,8 +142538,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LambertJohnnyL.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LambertJohnnyL", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142451,8 +142556,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LargeLarryDenton1940-", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LargeLarryDenton1940", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142468,8 +142574,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LarpenteurJamesA.Jr.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LarpenteurJamesAJr", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142485,8 +142592,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LashO.C.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LashOC", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142502,8 +142610,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LaurenceLeoE.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LaurenceLeoE", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142519,8 +142628,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LaymanGeorge", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LaymanGeorge", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142536,8 +142646,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LemertMike", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LemertMike", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142553,8 +142664,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LieuallenRoyElwayne", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LieuallenRoyElwayne", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142570,8 +142682,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LlyoydCharles1938-", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LlyoydCharles1938", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142587,8 +142700,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LockardGordon", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LockardGordon", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142604,8 +142718,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LundbergGunner", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LundbergGunner", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142621,8 +142736,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LynchMichael", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LynchMichael", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142638,8 +142754,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MacGregorJohn", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MacGregorJohn", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142655,8 +142772,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MartinKeith", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MartinKeith", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142672,8 +142790,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/McDanielJosephM.1902-", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/McDanielJosephM1902", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142689,8 +142808,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/McKayGordon", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/McKayGordon", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142706,8 +142826,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/McLaughlinW.N.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/McLaughlinWN", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142723,8 +142844,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/McReynoldsDavid", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/McReynoldsDavid", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142740,8 +142862,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MeehanRay", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MeehanRay", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142757,8 +142880,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MetzlerKen", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MetzlerKen", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142774,8 +142898,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MezaAdolph", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MezaAdolph", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142791,8 +142916,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MikesellRaymondFrech", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MikesellRaymondFrech", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142808,8 +142934,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MilesHerman", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MilesHerman", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142825,8 +142952,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MinerRalphEugene1926-", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MinerRalphEugene1926", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142842,8 +142970,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MitchellJoyceM.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MitchellJoyceM", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142859,8 +142988,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MittonGeorgeL.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MittonGeorgeL", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142876,8 +143006,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MohrFred", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MohrFred", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142893,8 +143024,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MooreJosephine", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MooreJosephine", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142910,8 +143042,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoreIain", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoreIain", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142927,8 +143060,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoursundAndrew", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoursundAndrew", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142944,8 +143078,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoyerBurtonJ.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoyerBurtonJ", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142961,8 +143096,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MurrayNeil", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MurrayNeil", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142978,8 +143114,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NelsonLyleM.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NelsonLyleM", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -142995,8 +143132,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NewlandRobertV.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NewlandRobertV", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143012,8 +143150,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NilsenNormanO.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NilsenNormanO", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143029,8 +143168,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NoelRosieLee", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NoelRosieLee", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143046,8 +143186,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OberstPaul1914-", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OberstPaul1914", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143063,8 +143204,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OliverJeanB.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OliverJeanB", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143080,8 +143222,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OrbellJohn", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OrbellJohn", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143097,8 +143240,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ParrottTim", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ParrottTim", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143114,8 +143258,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PennyHerb", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PennyHerb", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143131,8 +143276,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PennyHerbertL.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PennyHerbertL", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143148,8 +143294,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PetingDonald", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PetingDonald", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143165,8 +143312,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PiccioniPasquale", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PiccioniPasquale", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143182,8 +143330,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PurcellMaeHolloway", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PurcellMaeHolloway", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143199,8 +143348,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PurvineWinstonD.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PurvineWinstonD", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143216,8 +143366,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RameyHoward", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RameyHoward", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143233,8 +143384,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReasonLoAnn", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReasonLoAnn", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143250,8 +143402,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RempelAvernoM.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RempelAvernoM", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143267,8 +143420,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReynoldsJohn", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReynoldsJohn", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143284,8 +143438,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReynoldsRichardC.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReynoldsRichardC", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143301,8 +143456,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RhoadesDonaldE.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RhoadesDonaldE", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143318,8 +143474,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RhodesSteve", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RhodesSteve", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143335,8 +143492,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RiceLeonardW.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RiceLeonardW", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143352,8 +143510,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RichardsJohnR.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RichardsJohnR", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143369,8 +143528,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RichmondHenryR.III", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RichmondHenryRIII", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143386,8 +143546,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RinnFauneilJoyce1926-", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RinnFauneilJoyce1926", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143403,8 +143564,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RobersonDave", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RobersonDave", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143420,8 +143582,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RobinsonDorothyW.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RobinsonDorothyW", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143437,8 +143600,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RomneyMilesC.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RomneyMilesC", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143454,8 +143618,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RosenfeldSara", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RosenfeldSara", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143471,8 +143636,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SagorSusan", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SagorSusan", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143488,8 +143654,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchedeenPoly", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchedeenPoly", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143505,8 +143672,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ScheerRobert", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ScheerRobert", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143522,8 +143690,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ScottOrbie", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ScottOrbie", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143539,8 +143708,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SeniorsClarenceH.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SeniorsClarenceH", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143556,8 +143726,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SheasleyStoney", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SheasleyStoney", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143573,8 +143744,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SheinbaumStanleyK.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SheinbaumStanleyK", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143590,8 +143762,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShermanPeterRogers", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShermanPeterRogers", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143607,8 +143780,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShoemakerAnne", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShoemakerAnne", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143624,8 +143798,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SilvermanRich", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SilvermanRich", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143641,8 +143816,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SimmonsSusanC.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SimmonsSusanC", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143658,8 +143834,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SimmsRandolph", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SimmsRandolph", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143675,8 +143852,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SimpsonPaulB.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SimpsonPaulB", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143692,8 +143870,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithMark", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithMark", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143709,8 +143888,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithRichard", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SmithRichard", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143726,8 +143906,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SoursJamesK.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SoursJamesK", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143743,8 +143924,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SpaldingHowardG.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SpaldingHowardG", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143760,8 +143942,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StarlinGlenn", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StarlinGlenn", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143777,8 +143960,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SteereLoydV", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SteereLoydV", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143794,25 +143978,9 @@ } }, - { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SteereLoydV.", - "@type": "Property", - "definedBy": { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" - }, - "issued": { - "@value": "2014-07-09", - "@type": "date" - }, - "label": "Steere, Loyd V.", - "modified": { - "@value": "2014-07-09", - "@type": "date" - } - }, { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StewardJackW.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StewardJackW", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143828,8 +143996,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StreiffKarlD.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StreiffKarlD", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143845,8 +144014,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StreisingerGeorge1927-1984", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StreisingerGeorge19271984", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143862,8 +144032,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StreukensElizabeth", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StreukensElizabeth", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143879,8 +144050,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SummervilleFranklinJ.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SummervilleFranklinJ", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143896,8 +144068,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunderlandRalph", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SunderlandRalph", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143913,8 +144086,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SwanPeter", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SwanPeter", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143930,8 +144104,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TattersallJamesN.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TattersallJamesN", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143947,8 +144122,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaylorJesse", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaylorJesse", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143964,8 +144140,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaylorKentL.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaylorKentL", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143981,8 +144158,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ThompsonWillardL.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ThompsonWillardL", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -143998,8 +144176,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ThorpeJohnD.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ThorpeJohnD", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144015,8 +144194,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TibblesLance", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TibblesLance", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144032,8 +144212,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TigerJamesD.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TigerJamesD", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144049,8 +144230,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtseyMichael", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UtseyMichael", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144066,8 +144248,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/vonOtterstedtWolf", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/vonOtterstedtWolf", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144083,8 +144266,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WadeHaroldV.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WadeHaroldV", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144100,8 +144284,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WarfieldCharlesC.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WarfieldCharlesC", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144117,8 +144302,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WarfieldDonald", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WarfieldDonald", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144134,8 +144320,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WarfieldJohnLewis1936-", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WarfieldJohnLewis1936", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144151,8 +144338,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WattlesMarshallD.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WattlesMarshallD", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144168,8 +144356,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WattsSandra", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WattsSandra", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144185,8 +144374,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WattsSandra", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WattsSandra", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144202,8 +144392,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WengertEgbertS.1912-1964", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WengertEgbertS19121964", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144219,8 +144410,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WheelerSheila", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WheelerSheila", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144236,8 +144428,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WillardMyra", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WillardMyra", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144253,8 +144446,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Wills-MichenerDina", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WillsMichenerDina", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144270,8 +144464,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilsonO.Meredith", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilsonOMeredith", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144287,8 +144482,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilsonRichard", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilsonRichard", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144304,8 +144500,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilsonShirleyJ.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilsonShirleyJ", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144321,8 +144518,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WinchesterJack", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WinchesterJack", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144338,8 +144536,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WingerRobertK.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WingerRobertK", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144355,8 +144554,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WolfeGregoryB.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WolfeGregoryB", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144372,8 +144572,9 @@ } }, + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WoodleGaryL.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WoodleGaryL", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144389,8 +144590,10 @@ } }, + + { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Onthank,KarlWilliam", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OnthankKarlWilliam", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144700,7 +144903,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/A.C.Read", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ACRead", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144736,7 +144939,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Acordes,FabianA.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AcordesFabianA", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144754,7 +144957,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Allen,Jerry", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AllenJerry", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144772,7 +144975,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Alleyne,JillianC.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AlleyneJillianC", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144790,7 +144993,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Angermayer,ChristopherM.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AngermayerChristopherM", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144826,7 +145029,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ashen,ShellsyL.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AshenShellsyL", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144844,7 +145047,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Aubin,Claire", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AubinClaire", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144862,7 +145065,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Axtell,MelissaR.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AxtellMelissaR", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144880,7 +145083,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bae,Jongseob", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BaeJongseob", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144898,7 +145101,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Baker,ColetonJ.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BakerColetonJ", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144916,7 +145119,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Barner,Kenjon", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BarnerKenjon", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144934,7 +145137,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bell,RachelM.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BellRachelM", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144970,7 +145173,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Berenstein,Alexander", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BerensteinAlexander", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -144988,7 +145191,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bergsma,AlainaL.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BergsmaAlainaL", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145060,7 +145263,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Billings,VictoriaK.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BillingsVictoriaK", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145078,7 +145281,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Blades,Rhonda", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BladesRhonda", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145114,7 +145317,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bohn,Timothy,Jr.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BohnTimothyJr", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145132,7 +145335,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Bowcutt,KaylaJ.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BowcuttKaylaJ", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145150,7 +145353,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Boyer,TaylorR.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BoyerTaylorR", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145168,7 +145371,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Brace,Shirley", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BraceShirley", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145186,7 +145389,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Brogan,CaseyE.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BroganCaseyE", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145204,7 +145407,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Brooks,Kasey", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BrooksKasey", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145222,7 +145425,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Brown,AliceClaire", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BrownAliceClaire", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145240,7 +145443,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Buttner,Lana", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ButtnerLana", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145258,7 +145461,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/C.Sylvester", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CSylvester", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145276,7 +145479,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Caldas,DanielS.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CaldasDanielS", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145294,7 +145497,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Cambier,Robin", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CambierRobin", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145312,7 +145515,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Cassidy,ChasG.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CassidyChasG", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145330,7 +145533,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Cassidy,KaylaG.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CassidyKaylaG", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145348,7 +145551,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Catania,ClaireA.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CataniaClaireA", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145366,7 +145569,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Cavey,RaleighL.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CaveyRaleighL", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145420,7 +145623,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Clay,MichaelV.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ClayMichaelV", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145456,7 +145659,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Clissold,AaronP.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ClissoldAaronP", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145474,7 +145677,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Cogan,FrancesJ.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CoganFrancesJ", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145492,7 +145695,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Cook,ZoriD.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CookZoriD", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145528,7 +145731,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Corrigan,Mary", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CorriganMary", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145546,7 +145749,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Corrigan-Solari,Mary", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CorriganSolariMary", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145564,7 +145767,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Cubbage,AmyL.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CubbageAmyL", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145582,7 +145785,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Cunningham,SarahJ.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CunninghamSarahJ", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145600,7 +145803,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Curtis,Christine", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CurtisChristine", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145618,7 +145821,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Davidson,AlexandriaL.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DavidsonAlexandriaL", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145636,7 +145839,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Davis,Patricia", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DavisPatricia", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145708,7 +145911,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Easton,Kym", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EastonKym", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145726,7 +145929,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Eaton,AshtonJ.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EatonAshtonJ", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145744,7 +145947,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EdmundA.Cykler", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EdmundACykler", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145780,7 +145983,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Espinosa,EmilyJ.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EspinosaEmilyJ.", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145798,7 +146001,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Faber,GregoryI.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FaberGregoryI", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145816,7 +146019,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Fan,Chenxin", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FanChenxin", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145834,7 +146037,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Fan,Connie", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FanConnie", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145852,7 +146055,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Finnegan,SalliebethE.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FinneganSalliebethE", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145870,7 +146073,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Fischer,KatherineA.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FischerKatherineA", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145888,7 +146091,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Forehand,PaulM.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ForehandPaulM", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145904,9 +146107,8 @@ } }, - { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Francis,PhyllisC.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FrancisPhyllisC", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145924,7 +146126,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Frazer,DevonE.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FrazerDevonE", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145960,7 +146162,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Freeman,TessM.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FreemanTessM", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145978,7 +146180,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Galvan,DennisC.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GalvanDennisC", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -145996,7 +146198,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Garcia,Amanda", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GarciaAmanda", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146014,7 +146216,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Gardner,EnglishM.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GardnerEnglishM", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146032,7 +146234,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Garrick,CarlyleO.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GarrickCarlyleO", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146068,7 +146270,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Gilman,MiriamL.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GilmanMiriamL", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146086,7 +146288,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Granquist,Alva", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GranquistAlva", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146122,7 +146324,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Grewatz,AbbyM.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GrewatzAbbyM", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146140,7 +146342,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Gurevich,NicholasA.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GurevichNicholasA", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146158,7 +146360,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hagen,RyanJ.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HagenRyanJ", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146176,7 +146378,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hager,SofiaC.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HagerSofiaC", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146194,7 +146396,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Haines,DustinL.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HainesDustinL", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146212,7 +146414,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hakobyan,Heghine", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HakobyanHeghine", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146230,7 +146432,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Harbage,RebeccaA.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HarbageRebeccaA", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146248,7 +146450,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HarrietW.Thompson", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HarrietWThompson", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146266,7 +146468,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Harvey,PaulW.,IV", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HarveyPaulWIV", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146284,7 +146486,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hashimoto,Yukari", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HashimotoYukari", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146302,7 +146504,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hedburg,Heidi", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HedburgHeidi", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146320,7 +146522,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Heimuli,RicksonC.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HeimuliRicksonC", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146338,7 +146540,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Helfrich,MarkA.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HelfrichMarkA", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146410,7 +146612,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hesse,Janine", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HesseJanine", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146428,7 +146630,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Holloway,SarahK.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HollowaySarahK", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146446,7 +146648,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Jacob,HaleyN.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacobHaleyN", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146464,7 +146666,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Jacobson,Kelly", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JacobsonKelly", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146482,7 +146684,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Jensen,Emely", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JensenEmely", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146500,7 +146702,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Jensen,GarrettA.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JensenGarrettA", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146518,7 +146720,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Johnson,Irma", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JohnsonIrma", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146536,7 +146738,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kamyab,Nazanin", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KamyabNazanin", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146554,7 +146756,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kanamori,Hanako", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KanamoriHanako", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146572,7 +146774,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kang,RyanJ.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KangRyanJ", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146590,7 +146792,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kapri,Hueda", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KapriHueda", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146608,7 +146810,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KarlW.Onthank", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KarlWOnthank", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146626,7 +146828,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kawasaki,KellieM.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KawasakiKellieM", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146644,7 +146846,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KazemiNaeini,Arsalan", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KazemiNaeiniArsalan", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146662,7 +146864,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Keir,AmyM.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KeirAmyM", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146698,7 +146900,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kennell-Ellis", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KennellEllis", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146770,7 +146972,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kent,Ernie", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KentErnie", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146788,7 +146990,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kingma,BrettM.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KingmaBrettM", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146806,7 +147008,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kiser,SamanthaJ.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KiserSamanthaJ", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146824,7 +147026,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kivett,AshleyE.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KivettAshleyE", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146842,7 +147044,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Knight,PhilipH.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KnightPhilipH", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146860,7 +147062,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Knudsen,VictoriaA.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KnudsenVictoriaA", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146878,7 +147080,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kovacs,MargaretE.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KovacsMargaretE", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146896,7 +147098,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kuemper,AustinC.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KuemperAustinC", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146914,7 +147116,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Lariviere,Richard", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LariviereRichard", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146932,7 +147134,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Larson,MarinaN.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LarsonMarinaN", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146950,7 +147152,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Lenzser,KatharineT.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LenzserKatharineT", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146968,7 +147170,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Lipton,MiriamF.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LiptonMiriamF", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -146986,7 +147188,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Loewen,RebeccaM.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LoewenRebeccaM", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147004,7 +147206,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Lokombo,Boseko", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LokomboBoseko", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147022,7 +147224,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Loo,NancyM.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LooNancyM", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147040,7 +147242,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Loper,KatelynR.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LoperKatelynR", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147058,7 +147260,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Love,DanielleM.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LoveDanielleM", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147076,7 +147278,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Loyd,JohnathanM.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LoydJohnathanM", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147094,7 +147296,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Lucenti,NicholasP.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LucentiNicholasP", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147112,7 +147314,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Lucke,Adam", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuckeAdam", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147148,7 +147350,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Lundberg,Christine", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LundbergChristine", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147166,7 +147368,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Maasland,Daan", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaaslandDaan", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147184,7 +147386,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Macomson,LenaM.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MacomsonLenaM", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147202,7 +147404,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Maffie,JonathanR.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MaffieJonathanR", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147220,7 +147422,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Mansell,RaquelM.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MansellRaquelM", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147238,7 +147440,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Marks,MylaE.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MarksMylaE", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147256,7 +147458,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Marsh,Chris", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MarshChris", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147274,7 +147476,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Mayeda,DouglasK.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MayedaDouglasK", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147292,7 +147494,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Mazmanyan,Tatevik", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MazmanyanTatevik", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147310,7 +147512,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/McCarl,Juanita", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/McCarlJuanita", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147328,7 +147530,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/McCool,ErikaK.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/McCoolErikaK", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147346,7 +147548,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Meats,Karen", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MeatsKaren", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147364,7 +147566,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Metzger,JuliaM.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MetzgerJuliaM", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147382,7 +147584,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Miller,KateM.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MillerKateM", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147418,7 +147620,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Moore,ErinM.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MooreErinM", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147436,7 +147638,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Moore,JessicaL.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MooreJessicaL", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147454,7 +147656,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Moore,Kenny", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MooreKenny", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147472,7 +147674,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Morley,KimberlyM.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MorleyKimberlyM", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147490,7 +147692,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Mountain,Katy", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MountainKaty", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147508,7 +147710,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Mueller,MarcusT.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MuellerMarcusT", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147526,7 +147728,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Mullens,RobertA.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MullensRobertA", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147544,7 +147746,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Munkhbat,Munkherdene", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MunkhbatMunkherdene", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147562,7 +147764,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Narus,AndrewM.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NarusAndrewM", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147580,7 +147782,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NavarroSaucedo,Julian", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NavarroSaucedoJulian", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147616,7 +147818,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Noble,SamuelC.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NobleSamuelC", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147634,7 +147836,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Norton,TatumA.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NortonTatumA", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147652,7 +147854,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/O'Connell,CarlyE.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/O'ConnellCarlyE", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147670,7 +147872,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/O'Donnell,BrianK.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/O'DonnellBrianK", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147688,7 +147890,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Oliveira,RafaelD.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OliveiraRafaelD", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147706,7 +147908,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/O'Malley,ColleenE.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/O'MalleyColleenE", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147724,7 +147926,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Otgonbaatar,Munkhjin", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OtgonbaatarMunkhjin", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147742,7 +147944,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Pappas,SamanthaN.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PappasSamanthaN", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147760,7 +147962,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Parker,Jody", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ParkerJody", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147778,7 +147980,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Parr,KristenD.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ParrKristenD", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147796,7 +147998,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Petchakan,MonicaK.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PetchakanMonicaK", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147814,7 +148016,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Peters,SusanneP.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PetersSusanneP", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147850,7 +148052,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PhotobyPaulPetersen.EugeneRegisterGuard", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PhotobyPaulPetersenEugeneRegisterGuard", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147868,7 +148070,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Piercy,Catherine", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PiercyCatherine", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147886,7 +148088,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Piercy,Kitty", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PiercyKitty", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147904,7 +148106,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Pikovsky,Marilyn", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PikovskyMarilyn", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147922,7 +148124,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Pikovsky,Marlen", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PikovskyMarlen", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147940,7 +148142,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Plum,LaurenN.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PlumLaurenN", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147958,7 +148160,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Powers-Young,MariahR.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PowersYoungMariahR", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147976,7 +148178,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Prishchenko,ElizabethB.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PrishchenkoElizabethB", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -147994,7 +148196,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Puszcz,NicoleI.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PuszczNicoleI", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148012,7 +148214,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Randall,Alice", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RandallAlice", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148048,7 +148250,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Rees,Peggy", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ReesPeggy", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148066,7 +148268,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RobertD.Clark", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RobertDClark", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148102,7 +148304,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Roberts,DaltonR.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RobertsDaltonR", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148120,7 +148322,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Rocchelli,LuciaA.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RocchelliLuciaA", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148138,7 +148340,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Rotunno,Nick", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RotunnoNick", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148156,7 +148358,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Rowe,ChrishaeD.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RoweChrishaeD", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148174,7 +148376,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Sampson,DrewA.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SampsonDrewA", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148192,7 +148394,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Sasek,AlexandriaR.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SasekAlexandriaR", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148210,7 +148412,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Sasek,AlexandriaR.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SasekAlexandriaR", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148228,7 +148430,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Schaufler,RickW.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SchauflerRickW", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148246,7 +148448,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Seno,Chiari", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SenoChiari", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148264,7 +148466,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Sexton,Autumn", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SextonAutumn", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148282,7 +148484,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Shaw,MichaelT.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShawMichaelT", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148300,7 +148502,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Singler,EdwardJ.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SinglerEdwardJ", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148318,7 +148520,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Sisley,Becky", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SisleyBecky", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148336,7 +148538,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Skowronski,PatriciaN.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SkowronskiPatriciaN", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148354,7 +148556,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Snider,GwendolynE.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SniderGwendolynE", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148372,7 +148574,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Snow,BrooklynI.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SnowBrooklynI", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148390,7 +148592,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Spier,ZacharyD.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SpierZacharyD", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148408,7 +148610,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Stamsos,LindseyR.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StamsosLindseyR", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148426,7 +148628,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Stimson,Alex", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StimsonAlex", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148462,7 +148664,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Strawn,BrookeS.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StrawnBrookeS", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148480,7 +148682,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Stueckemann,JanaR.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/StueckemannJanaR", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148498,7 +148700,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Sundberg,Irma", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SundbergIrma", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148516,7 +148718,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Sykes,VanessaR.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SykesVanessaR", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148534,7 +148736,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Taylor,Scott", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TaylorScott", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148552,7 +148754,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Templeton,Robin", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TempletonRobin", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148588,7 +148790,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Thomas,ArielA.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ThomasArielA", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148606,7 +148808,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Thomas,De'AnthonyM.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ThomasDe'AnthonyM", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148642,7 +148844,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Tougas,RamonaR.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TougasRamonaR", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148660,7 +148862,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Treadgold,Alva", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TreadgoldAlva", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148678,7 +148880,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Trinca,MasonS.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TrincaMasonS", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148714,7 +148916,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Vernet,Laury", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VernetLaury", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148732,7 +148934,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Wagoner,KiraE.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WagonerKiraE", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148804,7 +149006,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Warren,LeannD.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WarrenLeannD", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148822,7 +149024,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Weaver,Reid", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WeaverReid", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148840,7 +149042,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Westhead,Cassie", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WestheadCassie", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148858,7 +149060,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Westhead,Paul", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WestheadPaul", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148876,7 +149078,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Whitwer,NathanJ.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhitwerNathanJ", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148912,7 +149114,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Wiltshire,EricS.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WiltshireEricS", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148930,7 +149132,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yen,Daisy", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YenDaisy", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148948,7 +149150,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yen,Tai-Ju", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YenTaiJu", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148966,7 +149168,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/York,CarsonD.", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YorkCarsonD", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -148984,7 +149186,7 @@ { - ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Zhao,Ziyuan", + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ZhaoZiyuan", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -149000,6 +149202,8 @@ } }, + + { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AronsonMichael", "@type": "Property", @@ -159030,7 +159234,7 @@ { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Biddle(Moreland),Alice", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BiddleMorelandAlice", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -159354,7 +159558,7 @@ { - "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamW.Harsey,Jr.", + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamWHarseyJr", "@type": "Property", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" From 9bc383817ae7fd0f1c0d287f09d15923f1c75f98 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Wed, 23 Jul 2014 13:38:47 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 114/186] added terms for uopres --- terms.jsonld | 1401 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 1401 insertions(+) diff --git a/terms.jsonld b/terms.jsonld index 6a13b17..1fd8e86 100644 --- a/terms.jsonld +++ b/terms.jsonld @@ -31946,7 +31946,1408 @@ } }, + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AfroAmericanCouncilonHigherEducation", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Afro-American Council on Higher Education", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChristianWorldLiberationFront", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Christian World Liberation Front", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CitizensforLawandDecency", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Citizens for Law and Decency", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ColumbiaUniversityCoxCommission", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Columbia University. Cox Commission", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ConferenceontheImprovementofOpportunitiesforNegroesinHigherEducation", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Conference on the Improvement of Opportunities for Negroes in Higher Education", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CrownZellerbachFoundation", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Crown Zellerbach Foundation", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EugeneOrFireandEmergencyServicesDept", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Eugene (Or.) Fire and Emergency Services Dept", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EugeneBlackWomen'sSociety", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Eugene Black Women's Society", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EugeneHumanRightsCommission", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Eugene Human Rights Commission", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EugeneMoratoriumCommittee", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Eugene Moratorium Committee", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Governor'sCommitteonAdvancedPlacementinCalifornia", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Governor's Committe on Advanced Placement in California", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/January14thCoalition", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "January 14th Coalition", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/January14thPeople'sTrialCommittee", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "January 14th People's Trial Committee", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KLIVRadiostation:SanJoseCalif", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "KLIV (Radio station : San Jose, Calif.)", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NationalAllianceforBusiness", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "National Alliance for Business", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NationalAssociationofStateUniversitiesandLandGrantCollegesCouncilofPresidents", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges. Council of Presidents", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NationalBrownBeretorganization", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "National Brown Beret organization", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Oregondailyemerald", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Oregon daily emerald", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OregonJuvenileCourtConference", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Oregon Juvenile Court Conference", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OregonStateBoardOfHigherEducationCouncilofPresidents", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Oregon State Board Of Higher Education. Council of Presidents", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OregonStateUniversity", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Oregon State University", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OregonStateUniversityBlackStudentUnion", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Oregon State University. Black Student Union", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PortlandBlackPantherParty", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Portland Black Panther Party", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PortlandStateStrikeCommittee", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Portland State Strike Committee", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PortlandStateUniversityOfficeofPresident", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Portland State University. Office of President", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RadicalCollectivesUnion", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Radical Collectives Union", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SanFranciscoStateCollegeBlackFire", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "San Francisco State College. Black Fire", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SanFranciscoStateCollegeBlackStudentUnion", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "San Francisco State College. 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Office of President", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-09", + "@type": "date" + } + }, } From e648e36654701e6f1eef2fca76658c968d7ae716 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Thu, 24 Jul 2014 09:00:14 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 115/186] added mappings_moorhouse.yml --- mappings_moorhouse.yml | 73 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 73 insertions(+) create mode 100644 mappings_moorhouse.yml diff --git a/mappings_moorhouse.yml b/mappings_moorhouse.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..65ea730 --- /dev/null +++ b/mappings_moorhouse.yml @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/terms/" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" + bibo: "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/" + foaf: "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" + geo: "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" + frbr: "http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/" + mads: "http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#" + marcrel: "http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/" + modsrdf: "http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/modsrdf/v1/" + premis: "http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v1#" + oregon: "http://tom.oregonstate.edu/" + vra: “http://purl.org/vra/” + swpo: "http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal#" + schema: "http://schema.org/" + iol: "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/IOLite.owl#" + daia: "http://uri.gbv.de/ontology/daia/" + exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns" + geosp: "http://rdf.geospecies.org/ont/geospecies#" + oo: "http://purl.org/openorg/" + lc: "http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects" + oad: "http://lod.xdams.org/reload/oad/" + + # + # Moorhouse + # + +title: dct:identifier +identi: dct:title +titla: dct:Alternative +descra: dct:Alternative +tribad: dct:Alternative +descri: dct:description +tribac: dct:description +tribal: dct:subject +tribaa: dct:subject +tci: # SKIP checklist +subjec: dct:subject +names: dct:subject +covera: method:geographic +creato: marcrel:pht +data: dct:date +rights: method:rights +reposi: dct:IsPartOf +relati: dct:IsPartOf +collec: dct:IsPartOf +source: dct:hasFormat # source format +sourca: dct:hasFormat # source dimensions +sourceb: schema:itemCondition +type: method:type +sub: dct:subject # sub type (photo genre) +format: method:format +image: # SKIP image file size +imagd: exif:width +imagc: exif:height +color: exif:colorSpace +date: oregon:dateDigitized +captur: oregon:conversionSpecifications +resolu: exif:resolution +digiti: method:processing_history +scanni: # SKIP scanning pass +additi: dct:HasVersion +imaga: # SKIP scanner +imagb: # SKIP editor +metada: # SKIP cataloger +cata: modsref:note # cataloger notes +publis: dct:description # statement of joint project +digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +contri: oregon:contributingInstitution + From 95f6d04c277dee4831517a3ec0d185aa78f7bf16 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Thu, 24 Jul 2014 11:59:01 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 116/186] Update mappings_Manuscripts.yml updated mappings --- mappings_Manuscripts.yml | 26 +++++++++++++------------- 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_Manuscripts.yml b/mappings_Manuscripts.yml index d0cf7f0..fe1e1e1 100644 --- a/mappings_Manuscripts.yml +++ b/mappings_Manuscripts.yml @@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ genre: method:subject part: dct:HasPart creato: dct:creator - scribe: dct:contributor - artist: dct:contributor + scribe: mrel:scr + artist: mrel:art contri: dct:contributor datc: method:date datb: method:date @@ -45,29 +45,29 @@ publis: dct:publisher langua: method:language reposi: dct:IsPartOf - sourcb: dct:Extent + sourcb: schema:numberOfPages sourcc: dct:Extent - sourcd: dct:Medium #not sure + sourcd: vra:support source: dct:Alternative collec: dct:IsPartOf collea: dct:identifier notes: modsref:note - layout: modsref:note - illust: modsref:note - decora: modsref:note - bindin: modsref:note - waterm: modsref:note + layout: rdag1:layout + illust: dct:description + decora: dct:description + bindin: dct:description + waterm: dct:description condit: schema:itemCondition - restor: modsref:note + restor: dct:description proven: dct:provenance - contra: modsref:note + contra: #SKIP prefer: schema:citation rights: method:rights - acknow: modsref:note + acknow: #SKIP type: method:type format: method:format captur: #SKIP - datd: #merge with date: (same as Date Digital) + datd: #SKIP imagb: #SKIP imagc: #SKIP metada: #SKIP From 18d2675ed2c67e34b02b52f751001baeb5ffc065 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Thu, 24 Jul 2014 12:18:42 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 117/186] Update mapping_percent.yml updated mappings --- mapping_percent.yml | 36 ++++++++++++++++++------------------ 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-) diff --git a/mapping_percent.yml b/mapping_percent.yml index 4cd86d2..228d629 100644 --- a/mapping_percent.yml +++ b/mapping_percent.yml @@ -27,40 +27,40 @@ rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" # # percent # - projea: swpo:forProject - projec: dct:isPartOf - identi: dct:isPartOf + projea: rdarel:containsManifestation + projec: dct:identifier + identi: dct:identifier oac: dct:identifier title: dct:title altern: dct:Alternative series: dct:isPartOf descrb: dct:description descra: dct:description - dscri: modsref:note + dscri: dct:description artist: dct:description lc: method:lc aat: method:aat - place: dct:Spatial (mapped to sub in CDM) - people: method:lc (lcnaf) - creato: dct:creator (lcnaf and ulan) - artisb: modsref:note - artisa: modsref:note - artisc: dct:relation - region: modsref:note + place: method:geographic + people: method:lc #lcnaf + creato: dct:creator #lcnaf and ulan + artisb: dct:description + artisa: dct:description + artisc: dct:description + region: dct:description data: method:date date: method:date commis: dct:description datb: method:date instal: dct:description - format: vra:workType + format: vra:medium artwor: vra:measurements materi: vra:materials - source: method:format (source format) - sourcb: dct:Extent (source obj dimensions) - artwob: dct:Spatial (artwork site) - locati: dct:Spatial (extact site) - covera: dct:Spatial (address) - artwoc: dct:Spatial (county) + source: method:format #source format + sourcb: dct:Extent #source obj dimensions + artwob: method:geographic #artwork site + locati: method:geographic #extact site + covera: method:geographic #address + artwoc: method:geographic #county artwod: dct:relation langua: method:language titla: oregon:cco/viewDescription From 8b1ff499bfd36f8335ba90c02d0817463a2f75c1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Thu, 24 Jul 2014 12:26:09 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 118/186] Update mappings_uopres.yml typo fix --- mappings_uopres.yml | 10 +++++----- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_uopres.yml b/mappings_uopres.yml index ce3c503..a4b2613 100644 --- a/mappings_uopres.yml +++ b/mappings_uopres.yml @@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ namespaces: descri: dct:description number: schema:numberOfPages subjec: method:lc - tgm: method:tgm (lc sub) - theme: method:subject ( ) - people: method:subject ( ) + tgm: method:tgm + theme: method:subject + people: method:subject corpor: method:lcnaf - place: dct:Spatial + place: method:geographic creato: dct:creator contri: dct:contributor date: method:date @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ namespaces: datedi: oregon:dateDigitized captur: oregon:conversionSpecifications file: rdag1:fileSize - image: exof:width + image: exif:width imaga: exif:height color: exif:colorSpace resolu: exif:resolution From 65a962ac5bf0944f7669aaac2d11aec39e8a87c6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Thu, 24 Jul 2014 12:40:37 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 119/186] Update mappings_univ.yml updated --- mappings_univ.yml | 8 ++++---- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_univ.yml b/mappings_univ.yml index b9d2f79..0655a8a 100644 --- a/mappings_univ.yml +++ b/mappings_univ.yml @@ -32,16 +32,16 @@ namespaces: title: dct:title creato: dct:creator - subjec: method:subject ( ) + subjec: method:subject lc: method:lc - buildi: method:subject (buildings) - place: dct:Spatial + buildi: method:subject + place: method:geographic people: method:lcnaf names: method:lcnaf corpor: method:lcnaf event: schema:event descri: dct:description - notesa: modsref: note (notes on back) + notesa: modsref:note #notes on back peopla: dct:description (people in image- keep?) publis: dct:publisher date: method:date From 22082a5f490df749b52f879df7049ce641c919d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Thu, 24 Jul 2014 12:47:14 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 120/186] Update mappings_athletics.yml updated --- mappings_athletics.yml | 8 ++++---- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_athletics.yml b/mappings_athletics.yml index 6a39b13..bd980e2 100644 --- a/mappings_athletics.yml +++ b/mappings_athletics.yml @@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ namespaces: tgm: method:tgm corpor: method:lcnaf corpoa: method:lcnaf - place: method:location - date: dct:temporal + place: method:geographic + date: method:date genre: method:subject type: method:type format: method:format @@ -82,8 +82,8 @@ namespaces: sourcg: #SKIP captur: oregon:dateDigitized captua: oregon:conversionSpecifications - resolu: #merge with captua - proces: #merge with captua + resolu: exif:resolution + proces: method:processing_history links: #SKIP addito: dct:HasVersion additi: dct:HasVersion From 039aea5299d2b91ad30a41fa411d84d97e8d1848 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Thu, 24 Jul 2014 12:50:29 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 121/186] Update mappings_misc.yml updated --- mappings_misc.yml | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_misc.yml b/mappings_misc.yml index d597698..6da95d3 100644 --- a/mappings_misc.yml +++ b/mappings_misc.yml @@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ namespaces: identi: dct:identifier source: dct:source langua: method:language - relati: (SKIP?) - covera: dct:Temporal + relati: #SKIP + covera: method:date # use dct:Temporal? rights: method:rights audien: #SKIP full: #SKIP From d9ab82a710fc71cf3c0f93efdf56efe448c63922 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Thu, 24 Jul 2014 12:53:36 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 122/186] Update mappings_maic.yml updated --- mappings_maic.yml | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_maic.yml b/mappings_maic.yml index c8fa162..63dc62c 100644 --- a/mappings_maic.yml +++ b/mappings_maic.yml @@ -34,10 +34,10 @@ namespaces: title: dct:title identi: dct:identifier work: method:subject - altern: #merge with above?? + altern: dct:Alternative #merge with above? subjec: method:subject descri: dct:description - proces: method:subject ???????? + proces: method:subject # not sure? point: dct:HasVersion measur: dct:Extent object: ov:compassDirection @@ -59,6 +59,6 @@ namespaces: type: method:type format: method:format metada: #SKIP - batch: #do we need this? + batch: #SKIP digita: oregon:IsPartOf/set contri: oregon:contributingInstitution From 798967d5d5deaa9cf0d4d82b4cfe7e982a8b5c84 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Thu, 24 Jul 2014 15:24:41 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 123/186] tweaked mappings --- mappings_moorhouse.yml | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_moorhouse.yml b/mappings_moorhouse.yml index 65ea730..5e81192 100644 --- a/mappings_moorhouse.yml +++ b/mappings_moorhouse.yml @@ -48,12 +48,12 @@ reposi: dct:IsPartOf relati: dct:IsPartOf collec: dct:IsPartOf source: dct:hasFormat # source format -sourca: dct:hasFormat # source dimensions +sourca: dct:extent # source dimensions sourceb: schema:itemCondition type: method:type sub: dct:subject # sub type (photo genre) format: method:format -image: # SKIP image file size +image: rdag1:fileSize imagd: exif:width imagc: exif:height color: exif:colorSpace From 0815599a142d47ffff08daff2e7cd598c8a55c70 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Fri, 25 Jul 2014 08:02:24 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 124/186] tweak --- mappings_moorhouse.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/mappings_moorhouse.yml b/mappings_moorhouse.yml index 5e81192..819932f 100644 --- a/mappings_moorhouse.yml +++ b/mappings_moorhouse.yml @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ relati: dct:IsPartOf collec: dct:IsPartOf source: dct:hasFormat # source format sourca: dct:extent # source dimensions -sourceb: schema:itemCondition +sourceb: # !!???!!???!!??? type: method:type sub: dct:subject # sub type (photo genre) format: method:format From df527d38bc4b0d9025836fc142234a82f794a6e5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2014 10:54:22 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 125/186] added Mongolian terms --- terms.jsonld | 1911 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- 1 file changed, 1910 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/terms.jsonld b/terms.jsonld index 1fd8e86..d5dd931 100644 --- a/terms.jsonld +++ b/terms.jsonld @@ -33349,7 +33349,1916 @@ } }, - + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/balbalAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "balbal", + "alternateName": "balbals", + "comment": "Small vertically standing stones in the Mongolian Altai of varying size set into the ground and often at considerable depth associated with burials and Turkic enclosures", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/boulderkhirigsuurAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "boulder khirigsuur", + "alternateName": "boulder khirigsur", + "alternateName": "boulder khirigsurs", + "alternateName": "boulder khirigsuur", + "alternateName": "boulder khirigsuurs", + "comment": "A boulder khirigsuur is an elaborate Bronze Age ritual or funerary structure in the Mongolian Altai which includes a central boulder, in place of a mound, and a round or square surrounding frame. Usually the area between boulder and frame is left open and within it may be rays (radiae) aligned with the cardinal directions or their subdivisions. Small circular altars are usually found outside the frame on the north, west, and south sides, rarely on the east side. Some khirigsuur have entrances on the east side; many are accompanied by mounds of unknown function.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/circularaltarsAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "circular altars", + "alternateName": "circular altar", + "comment": "A round structure used for ritual offerings in the Mongolian Altai", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/collaredmoundsAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "collared mounds", + "alternateName": "collared mound", + "comment": "Piles of rough mountain stones or smooth river stones, or a combination of the two types, in the Mongolian Altai and ringed with a contrastingly colored stone or with vertical stones of a tooth-like appearance tilted toward the center of the structure. Most mounds are probably funerary in function; that is, they were raised at the time of an individual’s death and to mark that person’s burial. Whether, however, the body was actually placed under the mound or in a burial chamber sunk into the ground, varies according to period and culture", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/deerstonesAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "deer stones", + "alternateName": "deer stone", + "comment": "Vertically standing stones in the Mongolian Altai of varying size set into the ground and often at considerable depth with carved decoraton depicting, among many possible elements, stylized and elongated deer on the wide sides of the stone. The function of the stones remains unclear, but they can, on rare occassions, appear within a row of balbal associated with early nomadic burials. Their high narrow faces are almost always oriented to the east.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/doublemoundsAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "double mounds", + "alternateName": "double mound", + "comment": "Paired square piles of rough mountain stones or smooth river stones or a combination of the two types in the Mongolian Altai . Most mounds are probably funerary in function; that is, they were raised at the time of an individual’s death and to mark that person’s burial. Whether, however, the body was actually placed under the mound or in a burial chamber sunk into the ground, varies according to period and culture", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/dwellingsAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "dwellings", + "alternateName": "dwelling", + "comment": "Ancient dwellings in the Altai Mountains of Mongolia take the form of rectangular or rounded patterns laid on the surface of the earth. Their walls are frequently doubled or expressed by lines of small vertical stones; their interiors are broken up as if with rooms and one or two hearths. There is always an entrance on the west and another on the east, the latter often marked by a large, impressive stone. Dwellings are always oriented from east to west. They may occur individually or, more frequently, in considerable numbers. They resemble most closely the pecked imagery of dwellings found in Bronze Age petroglyphs (petroglyphs: dwellings. On the basis of this resemblance, we may conclude that they were funerary in function but not burials, and that they may be assigned to the Bronze Age. Lines of stones are almost always found in association with dwellings. Single or multiple strands of these lines extend from the groups of dwellings down to nearby rivers or up to adjacent ridges. Their function is uncertain, but they must refer to some aspect of the journey of the dead after funerary ceremonies.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/enclosuresAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "enclosures", + "alternateName": "enclosure", + "comment": "A square or rectangular stone structure on the surface of the ground in the Mongolian Altai", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/extendedlinearfeaturesAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "extended linear features", + "alternateName": "extended linear feature", + "alternateName": "line", + "alternateName": "lines", + "comment": "Straight lines of stones that extend beyond the frame of a khirigsuur in the Mongolian Altai", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/falsedeerstonesAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "false deer stones", + "alternateName": "false deer stone", + "comment": "Uncarved or barely carved vertically standing stones in the Mongolian Altai of varying size set into the ground and often at considerable depth. Their function, like true deer stones, remains unclear. Their high narrow faces are almost always oriented to the east.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/falseimagestonesAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "false image stones", + "alternateName": "false image stone", + "comment": "Simple uncarved or barely carved vertical stones in the Mongolian Altai placed in the same way as true image stones in Turkic Memroials, referring to specific deceased individuals", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/fourcorneredmoundsAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "four-cornered mounds", + "alternateName": "four-cornered mound", + "comment": "Bronze Age square piles of rough mountain stones or smooth river stones or a combination of the two types in the Mongolian Altai. Most mounds are probably funerary in function; that is, they were raised at the time of an individual’s death and to mark that person’s burial. Whether, however, the body was actually placed under the mound or in a burial chamber sunk into the ground, varies according to period and culture", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/framesAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "frames", + "alternateName": "frame", + "comment": "Stones set in rows of varying shapes encircling a khirigsuur or other monument in the Mongolian Altai", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/imagestonesBronzeAgeAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "image stones, Bronze Age", + "alternateName": "image stone, Bronze Age", + "comment": "Bronze Age carved vertical stones placed in Turkic Memroials and referring to specific deceased individuals in the Mongolian Altai", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/inscriptionsAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "inscriptions", + "alternateName": "inscription", + "comment": "Inscriptions from Bayan Ölgiy, in the Mongolian Altai, occur on rock outcroppings, usually together with pecked or engraved imagery. Inscriptions include two primary types: those from the Turkic period and others from the Mongol period. There are a few inscriptions executed in classical Mongolian script and others written in modern Kazakh or Mongolian.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/keyholemoundsAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "key-hole mounds", + "alternateName": "key-hole mound", + "comment": "Pile of rough mountain stones or smooth river stones, or a combination of the two types, in the shape of a keyholein the Mongolian Altai. Most mounds are probably funerary in function; that is, they were raised at the time of an individual’s death and to mark that person’s burial. Whether, however, the body was actually placed under the mound or in a burial chamber sunk into the ground, varies according to period and culture", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/khirigsuurAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "khirigsuur", + "alternateName": "khirigsur", + "alternateName": "khirigsurs", + "alternateName": "khirigsuur", + "alternateName": "khirigsuurs", + "comment": "Elaborate Bronze Age ritual or funerary structures in the Mongolian Altai including a central mound and a round or square surrounding frame. Usually the area between mound and frame is left open and within it may be rays (radiae) aligned with the cardinal directions or their subdivisions. Small circular altars are usually found outside the frame on the north, west, and south sides, rarely on the east side. Some khirigsuur have entrances on the east side; many are accompanied by mounds of unknown function.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/largecirclesAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "large circles", + "alternateName": "large circle", + "comment": "Large stone circles that appear on terraces of ridges, alone or in pairsin the Mongolian Altai. Their function is uncertain", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/massivestandingstonesAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "massive standing stones", + "alternateName": "massive standing stone", + "comment": "Massive stones standing vertically of varying size set into the ground and often at considerable depth in the Mongolian Altai", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/moderngravesAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "modern graves", + "alternateName": "modern grave", + "comment": "Burials in the Mongolian Altai established in the 1000 years preceeding present day", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/moundsunknownuseAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "mounds-unknown use", + "alternateName": "mound-unknown use", + "comment": "Large piles of rough mountain stones or smooth river stones, or a combination of the two types, of unknown use in the Mongolian Altai", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ovooobooAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "ovoo/oboo", + "alternateName": "ovoos/oboos", + "comment": "A modern-day altar in the Mongolian Altai, usually of piled stones, found ubiquitously on ridges, passes, and at difficult crossings. An ovoo is raised over a period of many years or generations in honor of the indwelling spirit of the mountain, river, or spring where it appears. In modern times tracelers charcteristcally indicate their gratitude for a safe journey by adding a stone or other object to the pile.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/periodoverlaysAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "period overlays", + "alternateName": "period overlay", + "comment": "Accrued additions to a monument, site or complex in the Mongolian Altai", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/petroglyphsAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "petroglyphs", + "alternateName": "petroglyph", + "comment": "Within the Mongolian Altai, all open-air petroglyphic imagery surviving from the pre-Modern period is engraved, scratched, gouged or pecked into the surface of bedrock or boulders; for this reason, this imagery is referred to as petroglyphic rather than pictographic. Petroglyphs are represented by single images or by compositions of two or more images up to several hundred motifs.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/platformkhirigsuurAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "platform khirigsuur", + "alternateName": "platform khirigsur", + "alternateName": "platform khirigsurs", + "alternateName": "platform khirigsuur", + "alternateName": "platform khirigsuurs", + "comment": "An elaborate Bronze Age ritual or funerary structure in the Mongolian Altai including a central mound that extends to the surrounding wall in a kind of pavement and a round or square surrounding frame. The area between mound and frame may be left open and within it may be rays (radiae) aligned with the cardinal directions or their subdivisions. Small circular altars are usually found outside the frame on the north, west, and south sides, rarely on the east side. Some khirigsuur have entrances on the east side; many are accompanied by mounds of unknown function.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/raysAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "rays", + "alternateName": "ray", + "comment": "Straight lines of stones located within khirigsuur in the Mongolian Altai", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/rectangularmoundsAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "rectangular mounds", + "alternateName": "rectangular mound", + "comment": "Rectangular piles of rough mountain stones or smooth river stones, or a combination of the two types, in the Mongolian Altai. Most mounds are probably funerary in function; that is, they were raised at the time of an individual’s death and to mark that person’s burial. Whether, however, the body was actually placed under the mound or in a burial chamber sunk into the ground, varies according to period and culture", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ritualmoundsAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "ritual mounds", + "alternateName": "ritual mound", + "comment": "Piles of rough mountain stones or smooth river stones, or a combination of the two types, serving a ritual function in the Mongolian Altai. Most mounds are probably funerary in function; that is, they were raised at the time of an individual’s death and to mark that person’s burial. Whether, however, the body was actually placed under the mound or in a burial chamber sunk into the ground, varies according to period and culture", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ritualsitesAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "ritual sites", + "alternateName": "ritual site", + "comment": "A site where rituals were performed in the Mongolian Altai", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/roundkhirigsuurAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "round khirigsuur", + "alternateName": "round khirigsur", + "alternateName": "round khirigsurs", + "alternateName": "round khirigsuur", + "alternateName": "round khirigsuurs", + "comment": "Elaborate Bronze Age ritual or funerary structures in the Mongolian Altai including a central mound and a round surrounding frame. Usually the area between mound and frame is left open and within it may be rays (radiae) aligned with the cardinal directions or their subdivisions. Small circular altars are usually found outside the frame on the north, west, and south sides, rarely on the east side. Some khirigsuur have entrances on the east side; many are accompanied by mounds of unknown function.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/semicirclesAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "semi-circles", + "alternateName": "semi-circle", + "comment": "Stone semi-circles occur alone or in pairs, but are unusual in the Mongolian Altai. Their function and age are uncertain.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/serpentinefeaturesAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "serpentine features", + "alternateName": "serpentine feature", + "comment": "Features with forms consisting of a curved line that winds or meanders in multiple directions but does not cross or intersect itself", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/smallcircularaltarsAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "small circular altars", + "alternateName": "small circular altar", + "comment": "A small round structure used for ritual offerings in the Mongolian Altai", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/squarekhirigsuurAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "square khirigsuur", + "alternateName": "square khirigsur", + "alternateName": "square khirigsurs", + "alternateName": "square khirigsuur", + "alternateName": "square khirigsuurs", + "comment": "Elaborate Bronze Age ritual or funerary structures in the Mongolian Altai including a central mound and a square surrounding frame. Usually the area between mound and frame is left open and within it may be rays (radiae) aligned with the cardinal directions or their subdivisions. Small circular altars are usually found outside the frame on the north, west, and south sides, rarely on the east side. Some khirigsuur have entrances on the east side; many are accompanied by mounds of unknown function.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/tamgaAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "tamga", + "alternateName": "tamgas", + "comment": "Tamga are petroglyphs believed to have been clan signs in the Mongolian Altai. They take a variety of forms including one suggestive of a stylized goat, another reminiscent of a hatchet, and another with the shape of eyeglasses held vertically. Tamga may appear on rock outcroppings, boulders, or, most frequently, on standing stones. While tamga are associated most closely with the Turkic period, many scholars believe that they go back at least to the Bronze Age.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TurkicimagestonesAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Turkic image stones", + "alternateName": "Turkic image stone", + "comment": "Decorated standing stones included in Turkic memorial structures in the Mongolian Altai", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UighurimagesAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Uighur images", + "alternateName": "Uighur image", + "comment": "Carved images from the Uigahur culture, a Turkic speaking people who established a powerful steppe empire centered in Mongolia during the 8th and 9th centuries", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/viewsofcomplexesorgroupingsAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "views of complexes or groupings", + "alternateName": "view of complexes or groupings", + "comment": "Type of photograph showing larger contextual views of monuments in the Mongolian Altai", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/antlerlandscapes", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "antler landscapes", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/archaicanimals", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "archaic animals", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/attackscenes", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "attack scenes", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/birdmen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "bird-men", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/birthingwomen", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "birthing women", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/boar", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "boar", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bulldeer", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "bull-deer", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/caprids", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "caprids", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/combatscenes", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "combat scenes", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/cupmarks", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "cupmarks", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/dancingfigures", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "dancing figures", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/deerriders", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "deer riders", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/deerhorses", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "deer-horses", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/domesticscenes", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "domestic scenes", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/enigmaticpatterns", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "enigmatic patterns", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/eroticscenes", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "erotic scenes", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/felines", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "felines", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/femalefigures", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "female figures", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/figures", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "figures", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/frontalfigures", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "frontal figures", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/handprints", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "hand-prints", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/herdingscenes", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "herding scenes", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/hornedfigures", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "horned figures", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/huntingscenes", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "hunting scenes", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/landscapescenes", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "landscape scenes", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/malefigures", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "male figures", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/modernwriting", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "modern writing", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ovids", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "ovids", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/predationscenes", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "predation scenes", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/riders", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "riders", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ritualscenes", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "ritual scenes", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/spiritfigures", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "spirit figures", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/stylizeddeer", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "stylized deer", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/stylizedstags", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "stylized stags", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/syncreticdeer", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "syncretic deer", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/syncreticstag", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "syncretic stag", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/tamgas", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "tamgas", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/transitionaldeer", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "transitional deer", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Turkicriders", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Turkic riders", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/contour", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "contour", + "comment": "Process of defining the outer boundary of an object.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/pecking", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "pecking", + "comment": "Decorative process utilizing small indentations on a surface", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/scratching", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "scratching", + "comment": "Drawing process using irregular shallow incised lines", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BronzeAgeandlaterAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bronze Age and later", + "comment": "Referring to the period and cultures present in the Mongolian Altai Mountains from about 3500 BCE and later.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EarlyNomadicAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Early Nomadic", + "comment": "Referring to the period and nomadic herding cultures present in the Mongolian Altai Mountains from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age, about 2800-2300 BCE.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EthnographicPeriodAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ethnographic Period", + "comment": "A subdivision of the Iron Age in the cultures of the Mongolian Altai Mountains.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MongolPeriodAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mongol Period", + "comment": "Referring to the period and cultures originating in the steppes of Central Asia and extending across Asia in the in the 13th and 14th century.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PostTurkicAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Post-Turkic", + "comment": "Referring to the period and cultures present in the Mongolian Altai Mountains from the end of the Turkic period, about 1000 BCE.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PreBronzeAgeAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pre-Bronze Age", + "comment": "Referring to the period and cultures present in the Mongolian Altai Mountains from the end of the Neolithic era, about 4300 BCE, to the beginning of the Bronze Age, about 4000 BCE.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PreModernAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pre-Modern", + "comment": "Referring to the period and cultures present in the Mongolian Altai Mountains in modern times", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TurkicPeriodAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Turkic Period", + "comment": "Referring to the period and cultures present in the Mongolian Altai Mountains between the 6th and 9th centuries.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UighurperiodAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Uighur period", + "comment": "Referring to the period and Uighur culture present in the Mongolian Altai Mountains from the the end of the Turkic Period, around the 8th-9th centuries.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UncertainAltai", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Uncertain", + "comment": "Referring to uncertain period and cultures present in the Mongolian Altai Mountains.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Arzhan", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Arzhan", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArzhanPeriod", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Arzhan Period", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BronzeAgetoModern", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bronze Age to Modern", + "comment": "Referring to the period and cultures present in the Mongolian Altai Mountains from about 3500 BCE to modern times.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EarlyIronAgeorlater", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Early Iron Age or later?", + "comment": "Referring to the period and cultures present in the Mongolian Altai Mountains from about 2500 BCE.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Kyrgyz", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kyrgyz", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/late", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "late", + "comment": "Indicating the latter end of the period or era", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LatePazyryk", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Late Pazyryk", + "comment": "Referring to the latter end of the period of the Pazyryk culture present in the Mongolian Altai Mountains, around the 3rd century BCE.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/morerecent", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "more recent", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/possiblylater", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "possibly later", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/recent", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "recent", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Tamga", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tamga", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/uncertain", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "uncertain", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + ”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/varied", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "varied", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + } + } ] } From 80131650966b5ca6e480264f0681708ec3f91fcc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 10:54:09 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 126/186] Update mappings_Ulmann2.yml updated --- mappings_Ulmann2.yml | 16 ++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_Ulmann2.yml b/mappings_Ulmann2.yml index 989fc01..dacce14 100644 --- a/mappings_Ulmann2.yml +++ b/mappings_Ulmann2.yml @@ -32,12 +32,12 @@ title: dct:title sourca: # SKIP old: dct:Alternative descri: dct:description -series: method:lc -names: method:lc -corpor: method:lc -covera: dct:Spatial -lc: method:lc -subjec: method:lc +series: method:subject +names: method:subject +corpor: method:subject +covera: method:geographic +lc: method:subject +subjec: method:subject photog: dct:creator date: method:date reposi: dct:IsPartOf @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ source: dct:IsPartOf album: dct:IsPartOf admin: dct:source type: method:type -format: method:format +format: dct:hasFormat scan: oregon:conversionSpecifications metada: # SKIP catala: # SKIP @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ rights: method:rights proven: dct:provenance relate: dct:IsVersionOf bandin: # SKIP -publis: dct:publisher +publis: dct:source digita: oregon:isPartOf/set contri: oregon:contributingInstitution From 4e395d7c36339d4e67dff6c7bab5b7d9f0bede60 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 11:28:11 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 127/186] Update mappings_diss.yml updated --- mappings_diss.yml | 10 +++++----- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_diss.yml b/mappings_diss.yml index fabd53f..85785e8 100644 --- a/mappings_diss.yml +++ b/mappings_diss.yml @@ -24,12 +24,12 @@ # # diss # -title: dct:title (some French titles) -creato: method:lc (lcnaf for author) -subjec: method:lc (merge lc and MeSH) +title: dct:title #some French titles +creato: method:subject #lcnaf for author +subjec: method:subject #lc and MeSH descri: dct:description -subjea: dct:subject (French) -descra: dct:description (French) +subjea: method:subject #French +descra: dct:description #French journa: swpo:containedInJournal (some French titles) relati: schema:citation (some French titles) publis: dct:publisher From a6850f710f18c4b853bf2ce21e062649be404d58 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 12:03:05 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 128/186] tweaked --- mappings_wwdl.yml | 12 ++++++------ 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_wwdl.yml b/mappings_wwdl.yml index 4ad5468..20fb33e 100644 --- a/mappings_wwdl.yml +++ b/mappings_wwdl.yml @@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ titla: dct:alternative descri: dct:description pagina: schema:numberOfPages citati: schema:citation -subjec: method:lc (lc and tgm) -lc: method:lc -people: method:lc (lcnaf) -corpor: method:lc (lcnaf) -place: method:geonames (not sure if right- was mapped to subject field) +subjec: dct:subject +lc: dct:subject +people: dct:subject +corpor: dct:subject +place: method:geographic genre: rdag1:formOfWork author: mrel:aut photog: mrel:pht @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ creato: dct:contributor previo: # SKIP (in the citation) date: dct:issued covera: dct:Temporal -publis: dct:publisher +publis: dct:source datedi: oregon:dateDigitized rights: method:rights reposi: dct:isPartOf From 15dbb8e5f14a77664c3bb84468ddf855f0b79e6f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 12:20:43 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 129/186] tweaked --- mappings_Bestof.yml | 18 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_Bestof.yml b/mappings_Bestof.yml index fdc9c3b..cf0cbcc 100644 --- a/mappings_Bestof.yml +++ b/mappings_Bestof.yml @@ -32,22 +32,22 @@ title: method:IDasTitle additb: method:IDasTitle descra: dct:Alternative descri: dct:description -subjec: method:lc -names: method:lc (lcnaf) -corpor: method:lc +subjec: dct:subject +names: dct:subject +corpor: dct:subject covera: dct:Spatial -sub: method:lc (tgm) -temp: method:lc +sub: dct:subject +temp: dct:subject creato: dct:creator data: oregon:cco/viewDate rights: dct:rights -reposi: marcrel:repository +reposi: dct:repository relati: dct:IsPartOf (might create a method tag for sub collections) collec: dct:IsPartOf collea: oad:has_findingAid sourca: dct:extent -source: method:format -sourcb: schema:itemCondition +source: dct:hasFormat +sourcb: oregon:sourceCondition type: method:type image: dct:extent format: method:format @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ captur: oregon:conversionSpecifications resolu: exif:resolution ditigi: method:processing_history (combine with captur) additi: dct:HasVersion -publis: dct:publisher +publis: dct:source digita: oregon:isPartOf/set digitb: # SKIP contri: oregon:contributingInstitution From c6707eacd51d2f02861658f99af505a045202b42 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 12:24:14 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 130/186] tweak --- mappings_Bestof.yml | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_Bestof.yml b/mappings_Bestof.yml index cf0cbcc..18b9b86 100644 --- a/mappings_Bestof.yml +++ b/mappings_Bestof.yml @@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ # # Bestof # -title: method:IDasTitle -additb: method:IDasTitle +title: dct:title +additb: dct:title descra: dct:Alternative descri: dct:description subjec: dct:subject From 7d480f0e88b0b8399c41f221d5660123d5c98ab9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 12:24:49 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 131/186] tweak --- mappings_Bestof.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/mappings_Bestof.yml b/mappings_Bestof.yml index 18b9b86..0a3de11 100644 --- a/mappings_Bestof.yml +++ b/mappings_Bestof.yml @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ # Bestof # title: dct:title -additb: dct:title +additb: dct:Alternative descra: dct:Alternative descri: dct:description subjec: dct:subject From 901ca5f889ca3b2070b842f9bbba1ebcaf809afb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 12:32:07 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 132/186] tweak --- mappings_Bestof.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/mappings_Bestof.yml b/mappings_Bestof.yml index 0a3de11..1178e1e 100644 --- a/mappings_Bestof.yml +++ b/mappings_Bestof.yml @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ descri: dct:description subjec: dct:subject names: dct:subject corpor: dct:subject -covera: dct:Spatial +covera: dct:subject sub: dct:subject temp: dct:subject creato: dct:creator From 49c2c3b0f7a9d292db26e04824c5f7bc5dd423a8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 12:36:15 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 133/186] tweak --- mappings_jasr.yml | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_jasr.yml b/mappings_jasr.yml index 3085143..c3a9edd 100644 --- a/mappings_jasr.yml +++ b/mappings_jasr.yml @@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ title: dct:title covera: dct:temporal datea: # SKIP -subjec: method:lc -corpor: method:lc +subjec: dct:subject +corpor: dct:subject creato: dct:creator -publis: dct:publisher +publis: dct:source date: method:date type: method:type format: method:format From 65809cf874d4536f923394f95cedcced6f61445c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 12:40:21 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 134/186] tweak --- mappings_oimb.yml | 8 ++++---- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_oimb.yml b/mappings_oimb.yml index 5e76a1d..cb63237 100644 --- a/mappings_oimb.yml +++ b/mappings_oimb.yml @@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ oregon: "http://tom.oregonstate.edu/" title: dct:identifier subjec: dct:title source: daia:label -subjec: method:subject (ITIS, uBio, LC) -sub: method:subject (ITIS, uBio, Geonames, LC) -phlyum: dwc:phlyum (ITIS and uBio) -class: dwc:class (ITIS) +subjec: dct:subject # ITIS, uBio, LC +sub: dct:subject # ITIS, uBio, Geonames, LC +phlyum: dwc:phlyum # ITIS and uBio +class: dwc:class # ITIS suba: dwc:genus suba: dwc:species common: dwc:vernacularName From e8bf17c96f13179a9fd0e0c0028ecf996f7e5f62 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 13:09:46 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 135/186] Update mappings_tlegacies.yml updated --- mappings_tlegacies.yml | 14 +++++++------- 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_tlegacies.yml b/mappings_tlegacies.yml index 75aa7d1..fabaceb 100644 --- a/mappings_tlegacies.yml +++ b/mappings_tlegacies.yml @@ -33,18 +33,18 @@ creato: dct:creator cultur: vra:culture organi: dct:description date: method:date -time: dct:Temporal +time: method:date langua: method:language -lc: method:lc -subjec: dct:subject +lc: method:subject +subjec: method:subject descri: dct:description descra: dct:description -geogra: dct:Spatial +geogra: method:geographic work: vra:workType type: method:type format: method:format -reposi: dct:IsPartOf -identi: dct:identifier +reposi: dct:repository +identi: dct:isPartOf size: dct:description number: dct:description nwda: oad:has_findingAid @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ additi: # SKIP rights: method:rights catala: # SKIP repres: # SKIP -publis: dct:publisher +publis: dct:source catalo: # SKIP metada: # SKIP digita: oregon:isPartOf/set From 5259c6a03db19f984c8fb4eb3747d345f07855c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 14:30:20 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 136/186] tweak --- mappings_latinoherit.yml | 22 +++++++++++----------- 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_latinoherit.yml b/mappings_latinoherit.yml index fd97a8e..48de500 100644 --- a/mappings_latinoherit.yml +++ b/mappings_latinoherit.yml @@ -27,25 +27,25 @@ namespaces: # title: dct:title descri: dct:description -subjec: method:lc (merge for lc, getty, tgm) -creato: dct:creator (empty field) -photog: # SKIP (empty field, merge with above) -covera: method:geographic (empty field) +subjec: dct:subject # merge for lc, getty, tgm +creato: dct:creator # empty field +photog: # SKIP empty field, merge with creator +covera: method:geographic date: method:date -contri: dct:contributor (empty field) +contri: dct:contributor relate: dct:HasVersion source: # SKIP (empty field, merge with collec- title of collection) -reposi: dct:IsPartOf (SCUA) -collec: dct:source (collection name) -collea: dct:identifier (collection ID) -relati: dct:IsPartOf (series in collection) +reposi: marcrel:rps +collec: dct:source +collea: dct:identifier +relati: dct:IsPartOf identi: dct:identifier -donor: rdvocab: donor (can use dct: contributor again) +donor: rdvocab: donor format: method:format type: method:type langua: method:language rights: method:rights -publis: dct:publisher +publis: dct:source digiti: oregon:conversionSpecifications digita: oregon:IsPartOf/set contra: oregon:contributingInstitution From b62ea2ba200a2864792d8df053cb321127f26ecf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 14:31:42 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 137/186] Update and rename mapping_percent.yml to mappings_percent.yml updated but not all- for JCS --- mapping_percent.yml => mappings_percent.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) rename mapping_percent.yml => mappings_percent.yml (98%) diff --git a/mapping_percent.yml b/mappings_percent.yml similarity index 98% rename from mapping_percent.yml rename to mappings_percent.yml index 228d629..db076d2 100644 --- a/mapping_percent.yml +++ b/mappings_percent.yml @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" descrb: dct:description descra: dct:description dscri: dct:description - artist: dct:description + artist: rdag2:bibliographicalinformation lc: method:lc aat: method:aat place: method:geographic From 8b6356a44fc7bdb0110b7ee321d0997f5a58cea8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 14:32:30 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 138/186] tweak --- mappings_uopres.yml | 14 +++++++------- 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_uopres.yml b/mappings_uopres.yml index a4b2613..2be8db9 100644 --- a/mappings_uopres.yml +++ b/mappings_uopres.yml @@ -36,17 +36,17 @@ namespaces: docume: dct:IsPartOf descri: dct:description number: schema:numberOfPages - subjec: method:lc - tgm: method:tgm - theme: method:subject - people: method:subject - corpor: method:lcnaf + subjec: dct:subject + tgm: dct:subject + theme: dct:subject + people: dct:subject + corpor: dct:subject place: method:geographic creato: dct:creator contri: dct:contributor date: method:date rights: method:rights - reposi: marcrel:repository + reposi: marcrel:rps collec: dct:IsPartOf collea: dct:IsPartOf box: dct:IsPartOf @@ -71,6 +71,6 @@ namespaces: catalo: # SKIP catala: # SKIP load: # SKIP - publis: dct:publisher + publis: dct:source digita: oregon:isPartOf/set contra: oregon:contributingInstitution From 7d4af717368d49be5e9718fbd819f30e388c1118 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 14:35:26 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 139/186] tweak --- mappings.uostock.yml => mappings_uostock.yml | 18 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) rename mappings.uostock.yml => mappings_uostock.yml (87%) diff --git a/mappings.uostock.yml b/mappings_uostock.yml similarity index 87% rename from mappings.uostock.yml rename to mappings_uostock.yml index e259c85..76829ce 100644 --- a/mappings.uostock.yml +++ b/mappings_uostock.yml @@ -31,24 +31,24 @@ namespaces: # title: dct: title creato: dct: creator -subjec: method:lc -buildi: dct:subject (not sure if some of these will have CVs) -event: dct:subject +subjec: dct:subject +buildi: dct:subject # not sure if some of these will have CVs +event: Schema:events descri: dct:description season: dct:subject genre: dct:subject note: modsref:note -people: dct:subject -publis: dct:publisher +people: dct:description +publis: dct:source date: method:date type: method:type format: method:format -photo: modsref:note (orientation of photo- ok?) +photo: exif:orientation phota: rdag1:colourContent identi: dct:identifier -source: dct:source -relati: dct:IsPartOf -donor: dct:contributor +source: dct:hasFormat +relati: dct:desription +donor: dct:source proces: oregon:conversionSpecifications data: oregon:dateDigitized rights: method:rights From 3333e6a594315918ea1c57305347ef0b5e98fb43 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 14:42:03 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 140/186] tweak --- mappings_percent.yml | 14 +++++++------- 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_percent.yml b/mappings_percent.yml index db076d2..f0a62dc 100644 --- a/mappings_percent.yml +++ b/mappings_percent.yml @@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" descra: dct:description dscri: dct:description artist: rdag2:bibliographicalinformation - lc: method:lc - aat: method:aat + lc: dct:subject + aat: dct:subject place: method:geographic - people: method:lc #lcnaf + people: dct:subject creato: dct:creator #lcnaf and ulan artisb: dct:description artisa: dct:description @@ -51,12 +51,12 @@ rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" date: method:date commis: dct:description datb: method:date - instal: dct:description + instal: vra:materials format: vra:medium artwor: vra:measurements materi: vra:materials - source: method:format #source format - sourcb: dct:Extent #source obj dimensions + source: dct:hasVersion + sourcb: # SKIP artwob: method:geographic #artwork site locati: method:geographic #extact site covera: method:geographic #address @@ -79,6 +79,6 @@ rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" load: #SKIP (load date) rights: method:rights contri: dct:contributor - publis: dct:publisher + publis: dct:source collec: oregon:isPartOf/set contra: oregon:contributingInstitution From 17b0f64b77de2401810b0bd1fe4db66f91e02e67 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 14:48:48 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 141/186] Update mappings_archpnw.yml updated. use master mapping not branch --- mappings_archpnw.yml | 16 ++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_archpnw.yml b/mappings_archpnw.yml index c3a4e60..045500b 100644 --- a/mappings_archpnw.yml +++ b/mappings_archpnw.yml @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ city: method: geographic county: method: geographic state: method: geographic countr: method: geographic -site: dct:coverage # may need a custom field or to cleanup and map out +site: madsrdf:streetAddress photog: oregon: cco/viewDate photoa: marcrel: pht catalo: SKIP @@ -51,12 +51,12 @@ creatb: modsref:note metada: modsref:note # are these important for public? digita: dct:isPartOf sourca: dct:provenance # source of slide, look for repository/collection -source: -souceb: -publis: dct:publisher -rights: dct: rights -type: dct:type -format: dct:format +source: dct:source +souceb: holding:label +publis: dct:source +rights: method:rights +type: method:type +format: method:format identi: dct:identifier -techni: # look up other ones +techni: oregon:conversionSpecifications contri: oregon:contributingInstitution From 495e7671ba0c575e5788109bd2917f1d094251d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 14:54:52 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 142/186] tweak --- mappings_Manuscripts.yml | 22 +++++++++++----------- 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_Manuscripts.yml b/mappings_Manuscripts.yml index fe1e1e1..2156043 100644 --- a/mappings_Manuscripts.yml +++ b/mappings_Manuscripts.yml @@ -26,38 +26,38 @@ title: dct:title identi: dct:identifier - shelfm: daia:label + shelfm: holding:label descri: dct:description - conten: dct:description + conten: dct:tableOfContents titla: dct:Alternative altern: dct:Alternative - subjec: method:subject - keywor: method:subject - genre: method:subject + subjec: dct:subject + keywor: dct:subject + genre: dct:subject part: dct:HasPart creato: dct:creator - scribe: mrel:scr - artist: mrel:art + scribe: marcrel:scr + artist: marcrel:art contri: dct:contributor datc: method:date datb: method:date date: oregon:dateDigitized - publis: dct:publisher + publis: dct:source langua: method:language - reposi: dct:IsPartOf + reposi: marcrel:rps sourcb: schema:numberOfPages sourcc: dct:Extent sourcd: vra:support source: dct:Alternative collec: dct:IsPartOf - collea: dct:identifier + collea: dct:isPartOf notes: modsref:note layout: rdag1:layout illust: dct:description decora: dct:description bindin: dct:description waterm: dct:description - condit: schema:itemCondition + condit: oregon:sourceCondition restor: dct:description proven: dct:provenance contra: #SKIP From e92ce90aa5f10f4cdb21df6421b38afecfe88bf5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 14:54:55 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 143/186] Update mappings_Bestof.yml updated --- mappings_Bestof.yml | 8 ++++---- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_Bestof.yml b/mappings_Bestof.yml index 1178e1e..254e4dc 100644 --- a/mappings_Bestof.yml +++ b/mappings_Bestof.yml @@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ sub: dct:subject temp: dct:subject creato: dct:creator data: oregon:cco/viewDate -rights: dct:rights -reposi: dct:repository -relati: dct:IsPartOf (might create a method tag for sub collections) +rights: method:rights +reposi: marcrel:rps +relati: dct:IsPartOf collec: dct:IsPartOf collea: oad:has_findingAid sourca: dct:extent @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ color: exif:colorSpace date: oregon:dateDigitized captur: oregon:conversionSpecifications resolu: exif:resolution -ditigi: method:processing_history (combine with captur) +ditigi: method:processing_history additi: dct:HasVersion publis: dct:source digita: oregon:isPartOf/set From 6917038880a7a3732e455d034d3544c502e0bd4e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 14:57:31 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 144/186] tweak --- mappings_uovets.yml | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_uovets.yml b/mappings_uovets.yml index ca8e27d..bbc7187 100644 --- a/mappings_uovets.yml +++ b/mappings_uovets.yml @@ -34,9 +34,9 @@ namespaces: title: dct: title interv: dct:creator intera: dct:contributor - subjec: method:lc + subjec: dct:subject descri: dct:description - branch: method:lc + branch: dct:subject occupa: dct:description highes: dct:description places: dct:description @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ namespaces: langua: method:language audio: method:rights transc: method:rights - publis: dct:publisher + publis: dct:source notes: modsref:notes metada: #SKIP catalo: #SKIP From ddc918d62b7ec0984eed834cdb7fc135d41f6c88 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 15:12:10 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 145/186] Update mappings_Ulmann2.yml updated --- mappings_Ulmann2.yml | 12 ++++++------ 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_Ulmann2.yml b/mappings_Ulmann2.yml index dacce14..ede1b7b 100644 --- a/mappings_Ulmann2.yml +++ b/mappings_Ulmann2.yml @@ -32,15 +32,15 @@ title: dct:title sourca: # SKIP old: dct:Alternative descri: dct:description -series: method:subject -names: method:subject -corpor: method:subject +series: dct:subject +names: dct:subject +corpor: dct:subject covera: method:geographic -lc: method:subject -subjec: method:subject +lc: dct:subject +subjec: dct:subject photog: dct:creator date: method:date -reposi: dct:IsPartOf +reposi: marcrel:rps collec: dct:IsPartOf source: dct:IsPartOf album: dct:IsPartOf From 5087a67de59a20bdc9dd54239817c88c312abff4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 15:15:19 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 146/186] Update mappings_diss.yml updated --- mappings_diss.yml | 14 +++++++------- 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_diss.yml b/mappings_diss.yml index 85785e8..a611a00 100644 --- a/mappings_diss.yml +++ b/mappings_diss.yml @@ -25,21 +25,21 @@ # diss # title: dct:title #some French titles -creato: method:subject #lcnaf for author -subjec: method:subject #lc and MeSH +creato: dct:subject #lcnaf for author +subjec: dct:subject #lc and MeSH descri: dct:description -subjea: method:subject #French +subjea: dct:subject #French descra: dct:description #French -journa: swpo:containedInJournal (some French titles) -relati: schema:citation (some French titles) -publis: dct:publisher +journa: swpo:containedInJournal #some French titles +relati: schema:citation #some French titles +publis: dct:source contri: dct:contributor date: dct:issued type: method:type format: method:format identi: dct:identifier data: oregon:dateDigitized -source: daia:label +source: holding:label langua: method:language rights: method:rights proces: oregon:conversionSpecifications From 318b376e0010ab6a80acffa7608a9305913dced4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 15:17:07 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 147/186] Update mappings_jasr.yml updated --- mappings_jasr.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/mappings_jasr.yml b/mappings_jasr.yml index c3a9edd..9b92827 100644 --- a/mappings_jasr.yml +++ b/mappings_jasr.yml @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ date: method:date type: method:type format: method:format identi: dct:identifier -source: daia:label +source: holding:label langua: method:language collec: dct:IsPartOf collea: dct:IsPartOf From ee826e63697fe02fe25ca27fc05ac0c7e10a773c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 15:18:32 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 148/186] tweak --- mappings_athletics.yml | 44 +++++++++++++++++++++--------------------- 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_athletics.yml b/mappings_athletics.yml index bd980e2..132ea5d 100644 --- a/mappings_athletics.yml +++ b/mappings_athletics.yml @@ -41,39 +41,39 @@ namespaces: photo: dct:identifier titla: dct:alternative publia: dct:alternative - notes: modsref:notes - photog: mrel:pht - author: mrel:aut - publis: dct:publisher - data: oregon:cco/viewDate + notes: dct:description + photog: marcrel:pht + author: marcrel:aut + publis: dct:source + data: method:date datb: method:date catalo: #SKIP - exhibi: method:subject - names: method:lcnaf - namea: method:lcnaf - subjec: method:subject - tgm: method:tgm - corpor: method:lcnaf - corpoa: method:lcnaf + exhibi: dct:subject + names: dct:subject + namea: dct:subject + subjec: dct:subject + tgm: dct:subject + corpor: dct:subject + corpoa: dct:subject place: method:geographic date: method:date - genre: method:subject + genre: dct:subject type: method:type format: method:format source: dct:source langua: method:language relati: dct:HasVersion - covera: #SKIP + covera: dct:coverage rights: method:rights - proven: #SKIP + proven: dct:provenance sourcb: dct:extent - sourcc: schema:itemCondition - sourcd: method:format + sourcc: oregon:sourceCondition + sourcd: dct:hadFormat number: schema:numberOfPages - donor: rdvocab:donor + donor: marcrel:dnr citati: schema:citation - origin: dct:contributor - reposi: dct:IsPartOf + origin: dct:publisher + reposi: marcrel:rps image: rdag1:fileSize imaga: exif:width imagb: exif:height @@ -86,12 +86,12 @@ namespaces: proces: method:processing_history links: #SKIP addito: dct:HasVersion - additi: dct:HasVersion + additi: dct:HasFormat metada: #SKIP imagc: #SKIP imagd: #SKIP scanni: #SKIP - other: dct:alternative + other: dct:identifier catala: #SKIP full: #SKIP load: #SKIP From ec8c2741ccca66ce7236fdeb242ce2d62aa64069 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 15:18:33 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 149/186] Update mappings_jsma.yml update --- mappings_jsma.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/mappings_jsma.yml b/mappings_jsma.yml index f04bdcd..5b59e67 100644 --- a/mappings_jsma.yml +++ b/mappings_jsma.yml @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ type: method:type format: method:format rights: method:rights collec: dct:IsPartOf -source: dct:IsPartOf +source: marcrel:rps identi: dct:identifier museum: # SKIP digita: oregon:isPartOf/set From 2a372b4f746b6f128477802d09ed1a688894cd15 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 15:19:27 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 150/186] tweak --- mappings_misc.yml | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_misc.yml b/mappings_misc.yml index 6da95d3..b7d31f7 100644 --- a/mappings_misc.yml +++ b/mappings_misc.yml @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ namespaces: # title: dct:title - subjec: method:subject + subjec: dct:subject descri: dct:description creato: dct:creator publis: dct:publisher @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ namespaces: source: dct:source langua: method:language relati: #SKIP - covera: method:date # use dct:Temporal? + covera: method:date rights: method:rights audien: #SKIP full: #SKIP From 1dd555c3601daed1ae38e0670b9a53d937efdc3d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 15:20:21 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 151/186] tweak --- mappings_petrarch.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/mappings_petrarch.yml b/mappings_petrarch.yml index b10394a..10f6410 100644 --- a/mappings_petrarch.yml +++ b/mappings_petrarch.yml @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ namespaces: title: dct:title poems: dct:HasPart - subjec: method:subject + subjec: dct:subject descri: dct:description creato: dct:creator publis: dct:publisher From b0445afa98f0f48fb5ba46d0f4f03a0038bb9bb2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 15:20:45 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 152/186] Update mappings_oimb.yml update --- mappings_oimb.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/mappings_oimb.yml b/mappings_oimb.yml index cb63237..44b6fb7 100644 --- a/mappings_oimb.yml +++ b/mappings_oimb.yml @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ oregon: "http://tom.oregonstate.edu/" title: dct:identifier subjec: dct:title -source: daia:label +source: holding:label subjec: dct:subject # ITIS, uBio, LC sub: dct:subject # ITIS, uBio, Geonames, LC phlyum: dwc:phlyum # ITIS and uBio From 8be6ce00eb1cf921ef7a970bd062e494105654ce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 15:20:53 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 153/186] tweak --- mappings_petrarch.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/mappings_petrarch.yml b/mappings_petrarch.yml index 10f6410..411a580 100644 --- a/mappings_petrarch.yml +++ b/mappings_petrarch.yml @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ namespaces: iol: "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/IOLite.owl#" daia: "http://uri.gbv.de/ontology/daia/" exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns" - rdvocab: "http://rdvocab.info/roles" (not sure if correct URL) + # # petrarch From 1f91e5df3c341ca18a5f10723b0445f85232057f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 15:22:31 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 154/186] Update mappings_tlegacies.yml updated --- mappings_tlegacies.yml | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_tlegacies.yml b/mappings_tlegacies.yml index fabaceb..2de0d28 100644 --- a/mappings_tlegacies.yml +++ b/mappings_tlegacies.yml @@ -35,15 +35,15 @@ organi: dct:description date: method:date time: method:date langua: method:language -lc: method:subject -subjec: method:subject +lc: dct:subject +subjec: dct:subject descri: dct:description descra: dct:description geogra: method:geographic work: vra:workType type: method:type format: method:format -reposi: dct:repository +reposi: marcrel:rps identi: dct:isPartOf size: dct:description number: dct:description From ab134aa4ca50072b7f458b3adafe1d3371fb9a78 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 15:26:06 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 155/186] tweak --- mappings_maic.yml | 28 ++++++++++++++-------------- 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_maic.yml b/mappings_maic.yml index 63dc62c..0ae24e1 100644 --- a/mappings_maic.yml +++ b/mappings_maic.yml @@ -33,26 +33,26 @@ namespaces: title: dct:title identi: dct:identifier - work: method:subject - altern: dct:Alternative #merge with above? - subjec: method:subject + work: vra:workType + altern: dct:Alternative + subjec: dct:subject descri: dct:description - proces: method:subject # not sure? + proces: vra:technique point: dct:HasVersion - measur: dct:Extent + measur: vra:measurements object: ov:compassDirection - primar: method:subject - second: method:subject + primar: method:geographic + second: method:geographic availa: dct:description - period: method:subject - perioa: method:subject - relati: dct:HasVersion - orient: dct:description - rights: mrel:pht + period: vra:stylePeriod + perioa: vra:stylePeriod + relati: dct:relation + orient: dct:compassDirection + rights: marcrel:pht date: oregon:cco/viewDate righta: method:rights - publis: dct:publisher - source: daia:label + publis: dct:source + source: holding:label data: oregon:dateDigitized digiti: oregon:conversionSpecifications image: #SKIP From eb4eaa2657244cb4fe08c8bfd901bdf90918fcb0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 15:28:26 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 156/186] tweak --- mappings_moorhouse.yml | 10 +++++----- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_moorhouse.yml b/mappings_moorhouse.yml index 819932f..b14bc36 100644 --- a/mappings_moorhouse.yml +++ b/mappings_moorhouse.yml @@ -44,14 +44,14 @@ covera: method:geographic creato: marcrel:pht data: dct:date rights: method:rights -reposi: dct:IsPartOf +reposi: marcrel:rps relati: dct:IsPartOf collec: dct:IsPartOf -source: dct:hasFormat # source format -sourca: dct:extent # source dimensions -sourceb: # !!???!!???!!??? +source: dct:hasFormat +sourca: dct:extent +sourceb: oregon:sourceCondition type: method:type -sub: dct:subject # sub type (photo genre) +sub: dct:subject format: method:format image: rdag1:fileSize imagd: exif:width From ccc0b984257c8df71bafe6ed599cc3b9f970ed87 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 15:28:57 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 157/186] Update mappings_wwdl.yml update --- mappings_wwdl.yml | 10 +++++----- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_wwdl.yml b/mappings_wwdl.yml index 20fb33e..ae50fea 100644 --- a/mappings_wwdl.yml +++ b/mappings_wwdl.yml @@ -37,10 +37,10 @@ people: dct:subject corpor: dct:subject place: method:geographic genre: rdag1:formOfWork -author: mrel:aut -photog: mrel:pht -cartog: mrel:ctg -illust: mrel:ill +author: marcrel:aut +photog: marcrel:pht +cartog: marcrel:ctg +illust: marcrel:ill creato: dct:contributor previo: # SKIP (in the citation) date: dct:issued @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ covera: dct:Temporal publis: dct:source datedi: oregon:dateDigitized rights: method:rights -reposi: dct:isPartOf +reposi: marcrel:rps relati: dct:isPartOf collec: dct:isPartOf additi: dct:HasVersion From 485c48144388b58e0ac59a655df0096011c76b02 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 15:32:08 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 158/186] Update and rename mapping_comm.yml to mappings_comm.yml updated --- mapping_comm.yml => mappings_comm.yml | 14 +++++++------- 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) rename mapping_comm.yml => mappings_comm.yml (88%) diff --git a/mapping_comm.yml b/mappings_comm.yml similarity index 88% rename from mapping_comm.yml rename to mappings_comm.yml index b8e2515..03ab63e 100644 --- a/mapping_comm.yml +++ b/mappings_comm.yml @@ -30,16 +30,16 @@ titlb: dct:title descri: dct:description identi: dct:Alternative date: method:date -covera: dct:Spatial +covera: method:geographic creato: dct:creator -person: method:lc (lcnaf) -subjec: method:lc +person: dct:subject #lcnaf +subjec: dct:subject relati: dct:IsPartOf -collec: daia:label (for collection ID number- needed?) -sourca: daia:label -source: vra:medium +collec: dct:IsPartOf +sourca: holding:label +source: dct:hasFormat type: method:type -publis: dct:publisher +publis: dct:source donor: dct:contributor rights: method:rights format: method:format From bb8570ea34656d375848ffc14d92990fb440539b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 15:42:37 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 159/186] Update mappings_univ.yml update --- mappings_univ.yml | 24 ++++++++++++------------ 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_univ.yml b/mappings_univ.yml index 0655a8a..92f02f1 100644 --- a/mappings_univ.yml +++ b/mappings_univ.yml @@ -32,25 +32,25 @@ namespaces: title: dct:title creato: dct:creator - subjec: method:subject - lc: method:lc - buildi: method:subject + subjec: dct:subject + lc: dct:subject + buildi: dct:subject place: method:geographic - people: method:lcnaf - names: method:lcnaf - corpor: method:lcnaf + people: dct:subject + names: #SKIP + corpor: dct:subject event: schema:event descri: dct:description - notesa: modsref:note #notes on back - peopla: dct:description (people in image- keep?) - publis: dct:publisher + notesa: dct:description + peopla: dct:description + publis: dct:source date: method:date type: method:type format: method:format identi: dct:identifier - source: dct:source + source: dct:description relati: dct:relation - issuin: # SKIP (issuing department- "Libraries"; useless info, skip) + issuin: dct:source collec: dct:IsPartOf collea: dct:IsPartOf box: dct:IsPartOf @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ namespaces: proces: method:processing_history datea: oregon:dateDigitized rights: method:rights - notes: modsref: note + notes: # SKIP metada: # SKIP imagin: # SKIP catalo: # SKIP From 89ff13978722d6c8b5bd387513c264950a986e9d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 15:47:18 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 160/186] Update mappings_percent.yml update --- mappings_percent.yml | 1 - 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/mappings_percent.yml b/mappings_percent.yml index f0a62dc..47c4cab 100644 --- a/mappings_percent.yml +++ b/mappings_percent.yml @@ -48,7 +48,6 @@ rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" artisc: dct:description region: dct:description data: method:date - date: method:date commis: dct:description datb: method:date instal: vra:materials From 07707d5488d3219ffc29cad24aa49444a9d17c0e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 16:09:57 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 161/186] Create mappings_bookarts.yml create --- mappings_bookarts.yml | 40 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 40 insertions(+) create mode 100644 mappings_bookarts.yml diff --git a/mappings_bookarts.yml b/mappings_bookarts.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bea89b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/mappings_bookarts.yml @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ + # + # bookarts + # +identi: dct:identifier +call: holding:label +title: dct:title +altern: dct:alternative +creato: dct:creator +uo: # SKIP +author: dct:contributor +contri: dct:contributor +editio: vra:stateEdition +object: vra:measurements +descri: dct:description +coloph: rdf:descriptionOfManifestation +relati: dct:isPartOf +langua: method:language +date: dct:issued +publis: dct:publisher +place: rdag1:placeOfPublication +subjec: dct:subject +bindin: vra:technique +prinit: vra:technique +produc: rdag1:modeOfIssuance +struct: vra:workType +litera: rdag1:formOfWork +materi: vra:material +format: method:format +type: method:type +digiti: oregon:conversionSpecifications +rights: method:rights +local: modsref:note +librar: # SKIP +datea: oregon:dateDigitized +photog: marcrel:pht +catalo: # SKIP +catala: # SKIP +source: marcrel:rps +digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +contra: oregon:contributingInstitution From ae86d350246f732a23cdb9742dfde5fe7679ba96 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 16:14:55 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 162/186] Rename mappings_athletics.yml to mappings_uo-athletics.yml --- mappings_athletics.yml => mappings_uo-athletics.yml | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename mappings_athletics.yml => mappings_uo-athletics.yml (100%) diff --git a/mappings_athletics.yml b/mappings_uo-athletics.yml similarity index 100% rename from mappings_athletics.yml rename to mappings_uo-athletics.yml From 74c69315f9012188baf124e6de7a1c02b630a608 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2014 16:22:30 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 163/186] all uo mappings create --- uo_mappings_all.yml | 1274 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 1274 insertions(+) create mode 100644 uo_mappings_all.yml diff --git a/uo_mappings_all.yml b/uo_mappings_all.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6c7dbfb --- /dev/null +++ b/uo_mappings_all.yml @@ -0,0 +1,1274 @@ + # + # afpep + # + afpep: + work: + method: aat # vra:workType class not a property; uses Getty AAT cv in rdf:type + title: dct:title + view: oregon:cco/viewDescription + creato: dct:creator + politi: dct:contributor + date: + method: dc_date + earlie: vra:earliestDate + latest: vra:latestDate + subject: + method: dc_subject_lc # field also contains lc names as subjects and lcsh + cultur: vra:culturalContext + countr: + method: geographic + region: dct:coverage + locati: dct:provenance + measur: vra:measurements + descri: dct:description + inscri: vra:inscription + langua: + method: iso_language + relati: dct:hasPart + type: + method: type + format: + method: mime + identi: dct:identifier + rights: + method: rights # cc licenses for all by-nc-nd , later look at lc.rightsbasis + digiti: oregon:conversionSpecifications + digita: oregon:isPartOf/set + full: oregon:fullText + contri: oregon:contributingInstitution + fullrs: oregon:full # some items in collection PDF, so no data in this field + find: SKIP + dmaccess: SKIP + dmimage: SKIP + dmad1: SKIP + dmad2: SKIP + dmoclcno: SKIP + dmcreated: SKIP + dmmodified: SKIP + dmrecord: + method: replace # dmrecord has CDM number used in old CDM URL dct:replaces https://oregondigital.org/u?/folklore,5322 + # + # sheet music + # + sheetmusic: + title: dct:title + creato: + method: lcnaf #dct:creator + captio: oregon:captionTitle # subproperty of dct:alternative, schema.org has caption for images and video only, not in sheetmusic dd + other: dct:alternative + composer: + method: lcnaf #marcrel:cmp + lyrici: + method: lcnaf #marcrel:lyr + arrang: + method: lcnaf #marcrel:arr + origib: + method: geopup # marcrel:pup, street-level info., geonamesify this! + publis: dct:publisher + origin: marcrel:cpc + date: dct:issued + physic: modsrdf:physicalExtent + perfor: oregon:sheetmusic/instrumentation + descri: dct:description + subjec: + method: dc_subject_lc # uses LCSH and LC Names + genre: + method: aat_sheetmusic # vra:workType class, use AAT, always "sheet music" for this collection + cover: + method: cover # create oregon:coverDescription, not in sheetmusic dd, so don't want to put under sheetmusic. + illust: marcrel:ill + lithog: marcrel:prm + sourca: + method: aat # vra:workType, new VRA may have workType as class, add as second workType entry if present (e.g. lithographs) + first: oregon:sheetmusic/firstLine + firsa: oregon:sheetmusic/firsLineChorus + relati: oregon:sheetmusic/largerWork + publia: oregon:sheetmusic/hostItem + theme: oregon:exhibit # curated set, terms LC Subject, different from oregon:set? + source: mods:locationCopySublocation + reposi: + method: collection # use aat:collections concept as dc:isPartof + identi: modsrdf:locationCopyShelfLocator + rights: + method: rights + contac: SKIP + type: + method: type + format: + method: mime + digiti: SKIP + data: oregon:dateDigitized + image: SKIP + metada: SKIP + digita: oregon:set + contri: oregon:contributingInstitution + fullrs: SKIP + # oregon:full will need to be scripted, CDM doesn't track file paths for PDF files + dmoclcno: SKIP + dmaccess: SKIP + find: oregon:full # coordinating file in CDM + dmcreated: SKIP + dmmodified: SKIP + dmrecord: + method: replace # dmrecord has CDM number used in old CDM URL dct:replaces + # + # folklore + # + folklore: + collec: + method: collection # need to add to dc:isPartOfis + collea: SKIP + title: dct:title + photo: modsrdf:locationCopyShelfLocator + photoa: dc:date + colleb: + method: lcnaf #aat:collectors , aat concept of type of agent + contri: + method: lcnaf #dct:contributor + descri: dct:description + inscri: vra:inscription + langua: + method: language + notes: modsrdf:note + subjec: + method: lcnaf #dct:subject + subjea: + method: lcnaf #dct:subject + contra: + method: geographic #dct:spatial + subjed: + method: lc_subject #vra:culture, very short list of lcsh terms are used + subjee: SKIP + subjef: SKIP + sebjeg: + method: ethnographic #oregon:ethnot #American Folklore Society Ethnographic Thesaurus, v. 2.0 not linked + segjeh: oregon:keywords + resour: + method: aat #workType, some might not be in AAT and may need to be changed + relati: SKIP + subjeb: SKIP + reposi: marcrel:rps + source: SKIP + rights: + method: folkrights + copyri: oregon:rightsHolder + record: SKIP + type: + method: type + format: + method: format + catalo: SKIP + identi: dct:identifier #use to match file names in directories + digita: oregon:set + contri: oregon:contributingInstitution + fullrs: SKIP # didn't work for this collection + find: SKIP + dmcreated: SKIP + dmmodified: SKIP + dmrecord: + method: replace # dmrecord has CDM number used in old CDM URL dct:replaces + + + # + # archpnw + # +title: dct:title +view: oregon:cco/viewDescription +varian: dct:alternative +relate: dct:isPartOf +creato: oregon:cco/creatorDisplay +creata: dct:creator +date: dct:date +covra: dct:temporal +city: method: geographic +county: method: geographic +state: method: geographic +countr: method: geographic +site: madsrdf:streetAddress +photog: oregon: cco/viewDate +photoa: marcrel: pht +catalo: SKIP +object: vra:workType +period: vra:stylePeriod +materi: vra:materials +measur: vra:measurements +signif: dct:description +refere: schema:citation +notes: modsref:note +creatb: modsref:note +metada: modsref:note # are these important for public? +digita: dct:isPartOf +sourca: dct:provenance # source of slide, look for repository/collection +source: dct:source +souceb: holding:label +publis: dct:source +rights: method:rights +type: method:type +format: method:format +identi: dct:identifier +techni: oregon:conversionSpecifications +contri: oregon:contributingInstitution + + # + # Bestof + # +title: dct:title +additb: dct:Alternative +descra: dct:Alternative +descri: dct:description +subjec: dct:subject +names: dct:subject +corpor: dct:subject +covera: dct:subject +sub: dct:subject +temp: dct:subject +creato: dct:creator +data: oregon:cco/viewDate +rights: method:rights +reposi: marcrel:rps +relati: dct:IsPartOf +collec: dct:IsPartOf +collea: oad:has_findingAid +sourca: dct:extent +source: dct:hasFormat +sourcb: oregon:sourceCondition +type: method:type +image: dct:extent +format: method:format +imagd: exif:width +imagc: exif:height +color: exif:colorSpace +date: oregon:dateDigitized +captur: oregon:conversionSpecifications +resolu: exif:resolution +ditigi: method:processing_history +additi: dct:HasVersion +publis: dct:source +digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +digitb: # SKIP +contri: oregon:contributingInstitution + + # + # Ulmann2 + # +identi: dct:identifier +title: dct:title +sourca: # SKIP +old: dct:Alternative +descri: dct:description +series: dct:subject +names: dct:subject +corpor: dct:subject +covera: method:geographic +lc: dct:subject +subjec: dct:subject +photog: dct:creator +date: method:date +reposi: marcrel:rps +collec: dct:IsPartOf +source: dct:IsPartOf +album: dct:IsPartOf +admin: dct:source +type: method:type +format: dct:hasFormat +scan: oregon:conversionSpecifications +metada: # SKIP +catala: # SKIP +catalo: # SKIP +rights: method:rights +proven: dct:provenance +relate: dct:IsVersionOf +bandin: # SKIP +publis: dct:source +digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +contri: oregon:contributingInstitution + + # + # diss + # +title: dct:title #some French titles +creato: dct:subject #lcnaf for author +subjec: dct:subject #lc and MeSH +descri: dct:description +subjea: dct:subject #French +descra: dct:description #French +journa: swpo:containedInJournal #some French titles +relati: schema:citation #some French titles +publis: dct:source +contri: dct:contributor +date: dct:issued +type: method:type +format: method:format +identi: dct:identifier +data: oregon:dateDigitized +source: holding:label +langua: method:language +rights: method:rights +proces: oregon:conversionSpecifications +notes: modsref:note +metada: # SKIP +image: # SKIP +ambros: # SKIP +catalo: # SKIP +digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +full: oregon:fullText +contra: oregon:contributingInstitution + + + + # + # jasr + # +title: dct:title +covera: dct:temporal +datea: # SKIP +subjec: dct:subject +corpor: dct:subject +creato: dct:creator +publis: dct:source +date: method:date +type: method:type +format: method:format +identi: dct:identifier +source: holding:label +langua: method:language +collec: dct:IsPartOf +collea: dct:IsPartOf +colleb: oad:has_findingAid +box: # SKIP +folder: # SKIP +rights: method:rights +full: oregon:fullText +datedi: oregon:dateDigitized +proces: oregon:conversionSpecifications +metada: # SKIP +imagb: # SKIP +catalo: # SKIP +ambros: # SKIP +digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +contri: oregon:contributingInstitution +fulla: oregon: #TBD; full PDFs download, in jasr folder ready to go + + # + # jsma + # +title: dct:title +creato: dct:creator +creata: oregon:cco/creatorDisplay +cultur: vra:culture +subjec: vra:stylePeriod +date: method:date +materi: vra:medium +measur: vra:measurements +catego: dct:description +descri: dct:description +notes: modsref:note +type: method:type +format: method:format +rights: method:rights +collec: dct:IsPartOf +source: marcrel:rps +identi: dct:identifier +museum: # SKIP +digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +catalo: # SKIP + + + # + # ode + # +title: dct:title +date: date:published +volume: swpo:isVolume +issue: swpo:hasNumber +editio: dct:title +notes: modsref:note +descri: dct:description +contri: schema:editor +type: method:type +format: method:format +identi: dct:identifier +langua: method:language +relati: dct:relation +rights: method:rights +full: oregon:fullText +metada: # SKIP +digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +ambros: # SKIP +contri: oregon:contributingInstitution + +# +# oimb +# + +title: dct:identifier +subjec: dct:title +source: holding:label +subjec: dct:subject # ITIS, uBio, LC +sub: dct:subject # ITIS, uBio, Geonames, LC +phlyum: dwc:phlyum # ITIS and uBio +class: dwc:class # ITIS +suba: dwc:genus +suba: dwc:species +common: dwc:vernacularName +descri: dct:description +covra: dct:Spatial +creato: dct:creator +id: dwc:identificationVerificationStatus +slide: # SKIP +date: method:date +catalo: # SKIP +local: dct:IsPartOf +type: method:type +format: method:format +identi: dct:identifier +rights: method:rights +digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +sourca: # SKIP +contri: oregon:contributingInstitution + + # + # tlegacies + # +title: dct:title +altern: dct:Alternative +creato: dct:creator +cultur: vra:culture +organi: dct:description +date: method:date +time: method:date +langua: method:language +lc: dct:subject +subjec: dct:subject +descri: dct:description +descra: dct:description +geogra: method:geographic +work: vra:workType +type: method:type +format: method:format +reposi: marcrel:rps +identi: dct:isPartOf +size: dct:description +number: dct:description +nwda: oad:has_findingAid +additi: # SKIP +rights: method:rights +catala: # SKIP +repres: # SKIP +publis: dct:source +catalo: # SKIP +metada: # SKIP +digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +contri: oregon:contributingInstitution + + # + # wwdl + # +identi: dct:identifier +title: dct:title +book: dct:isPartOf +titla: dct:alternative +descri: dct:description +pagina: schema:numberOfPages +citati: schema:citation +subjec: dct:subject +lc: dct:subject +people: dct:subject +corpor: dct:subject +place: method:geographic +genre: rdag1:formOfWork +author: marcrel:aut +photog: marcrel:pht +cartog: marcrel:ctg +illust: marcrel:ill +creato: dct:contributor +previo: # SKIP (in the citation) +date: dct:issued +covera: dct:Temporal +publis: dct:source +datedi: oregon:dateDigitized +rights: method:rights +reposi: marcrel:rps +relati: dct:isPartOf +collec: dct:isPartOf +additi: dct:HasVersion +addita: dct:HasVersion +langua: method:language +type: method:type +format: method:format +captur: oregon:conversionSpecifications +file: rdag1:fileSize +image: exif:width +imaga: exif:height +color: exif:colorSpace +resolu: exif:resolution +digita: # SKIP +metada: # SKIP +imagb: # SKIP +imagc: # SKIP +full: oregon:fullText +link: dct:relation +contra: oregon:contributingInstitution +catalo: # SKIP +load: # SKIP +digitb: oregon:isPartOf/set +fulla: oregon: #TBD; full PDFs download + + + # + # comm + # +title: dct:identifier +titlb: dct:title +descri: dct:description +identi: dct:Alternative +date: method:date +covera: method:geographic +creato: dct:creator +person: dct:subject #lcnaf +subjec: dct:subject +relati: dct:IsPartOf +collec: dct:IsPartOf +sourca: holding:label +source: dct:hasFormat +type: method:type +publis: dct:source +donor: dct:contributor +rights: method:rights +format: method:format +date: oregon:dateDigitized +captur: oregon:conversionSpecifications +metadata: # SKIP +imaga: # SKIP +catalo: # SKIP +digita: oregon:IsPartOf/set +catala: # SKIP +contri: oregon:contributingInstitution + + # + # latinoherit + # +title: dct:title +descri: dct:description +subjec: dct:subject # merge for lc, getty, tgm +creato: dct:creator # empty field +photog: # SKIP empty field, merge with creator +covera: method:geographic +date: method:date +contri: dct:contributor +relate: dct:HasVersion +source: # SKIP (empty field, merge with collec- title of collection) +reposi: marcrel:rps +collec: dct:source +collea: dct:identifier +relati: dct:IsPartOf +identi: dct:identifier +donor: rdvocab: donor +format: method:format +type: method:type +langua: method:language +rights: method:rights +publis: dct:source +digiti: oregon:conversionSpecifications +digita: oregon:IsPartOf/set +contra: oregon:contributingInstitution + + # + # univ + # + + title: dct:title + creato: dct:creator + subjec: dct:subject + lc: dct:subject + buildi: dct:subject + place: method:geographic + people: dct:subject + names: #SKIP + corpor: dct:subject + event: schema:event + descri: dct:description + notesa: dct:description + peopla: dct:description + publis: dct:source + date: method:date + type: method:type + format: method:format + identi: dct:identifier + source: dct:description + relati: dct:relation + issuin: dct:source + collec: dct:IsPartOf + collea: dct:IsPartOf + box: dct:IsPartOf + folder: dct:IsPartOf + proces: method:processing_history + datea: oregon:dateDigitized + rights: method:rights + notes: # SKIP + metada: # SKIP + imagin: # SKIP + catalo: # SKIP + digita: oregon:isPartOf/set + contri: oregon:contributingInstitution + + + # + # uopres + # + + identi: dct:identifier + title: dct: title + altern: dct:alternative + docume: dct:IsPartOf + descri: dct:description + number: schema:numberOfPages + subjec: dct:subject + tgm: dct:subject + theme: dct:subject + people: dct:subject + corpor: dct:subject + place: method:geographic + creato: dct:creator + contri: dct:contributor + date: method:date + rights: method:rights + reposi: marcrel:rps + collec: dct:IsPartOf + collea: dct:IsPartOf + box: dct:IsPartOf + folder: dct:IsPartOf + ambros: # SKIP + type: method:type + format: method:format + langua: method:language + full: oregon:FullText + addita: dct:HasVersion + datedi: oregon:dateDigitized + captur: oregon:conversionSpecifications + file: rdag1:fileSize + image: exif:width + imaga: exif:height + color: exif:colorSpace + resolu: exif:resolution + proces: method:processing_history + metada: # SKIP + imagb: # SKIP + imagc: # SKIP + catalo: # SKIP + catala: # SKIP + load: # SKIP + publis: dct:source + digita: oregon:isPartOf/set + contra: oregon:contributingInstitution + + # + # uostock + # +title: dct: title +creato: dct: creator +subjec: dct:subject +buildi: dct:subject # not sure if some of these will have CVs +event: Schema:events +descri: dct:description +season: dct:subject +genre: dct:subject +note: modsref:note +people: dct:description +publis: dct:source +date: method:date +type: method:type +format: method:format +photo: exif:orientation +phota: rdag1:colourContent +identi: dct:identifier +source: dct:hasFormat +relati: dct:desription +donor: dct:source +proces: oregon:conversionSpecifications +data: oregon:dateDigitized +rights: method:rights +metada: # SKIP +scanni: # SKIP +catalo: # SKIP +digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +contri: oregon:contributingInstitution + + + # + # percent + # + projea: rdarel:containsManifestation + projec: dct:identifier + identi: dct:identifier + oac: dct:identifier + title: dct:title + altern: dct:Alternative + series: dct:isPartOf + descrb: dct:description + descra: dct:description + dscri: dct:description + artist: rdag2:bibliographicalinformation + lc: dct:subject + aat: dct:subject + place: method:geographic + people: dct:subject + creato: dct:creator #lcnaf and ulan + artisb: dct:description + artisa: dct:description + artisc: dct:description + region: dct:description + data: method:date + commis: dct:description + datb: method:date + instal: vra:materials + format: vra:medium + artwor: vra:measurements + materi: vra:materials + source: dct:hasVersion + sourcb: # SKIP + artwob: method:geographic #artwork site + locati: method:geographic #extact site + covera: method:geographic #address + artwoc: method:geographic #county + artwod: dct:relation + langua: method:language + titla: oregon:cco/viewDescription + digita: oregon:dateDigitized + captur: oregon:conversionSpecification + type: method:type + formaa: method:format + digitb: dct:Extent + color: exif:colorSpace + imaga: method:processing_history + missin: #SKIP (missing items?) + full: oregon:fullText + metada: #SKIP (metadata creator) + image: #SKIP (image scanner) + catalo: #SKIP (cataloging status) + load: #SKIP (load date) + rights: method:rights + contri: dct:contributor + publis: dct:source + collec: oregon:isPartOf/set + contra: oregon:contributingInstitution + + + # + # archivision + # +title: dct:title +view: oregon:cco/viewDescription +agent: oregon:cco/creatorDisplay +creato: dct:creator +creata: dct:creator +date: dct:date +earlie: vra:earliestDate +latest: vra:latestDate +materi: vra:materials +measur: vra:measurements +style: vra:stylePeriod +cultur: vra:culture +reposi: marcrel:rps +reposa: vra:idCurrentRepository +city: method:geographic +countr: method:geographic +site: dct:spatial +work: vra:workType +inscri: vra:inscription +subjec: dct:subject +notes: dct:description +descri: dct:description +state: vra:stateEdition +relati: dct:relation +larger: dct:isPartOf +source: dct:source +sourca: #SKIP source caption +sourcb: dct:isPartOf +sourcc: #SKIP, same as identifier +vrc: holding:label +rights: method:rights +record: #SKIP +type: method:type +identi: dct:identifier +vrca: holding:label +course: modsrdf:note #or skip +sessio: #SKIP +projec: #SKIP +projea: #SKIP +catalo: #SKIP +metada: #SKIP +keywor: dct:subject +digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +contri: oregon:contributingInstitution + + # + # artimages + # +title: dct:title +view: oregon:cco/viewDescription +agent: oregon:cco/creatorDisplay +creato: dct:creator +creata: dct:creator +date: dct:date +earlie: vra:earliestDate +latest: vra:latestDate +materi: vra:materials +measur: vra:measurements +style: vra:stylePeriod +cultur: vra:culture +reposi: marcrel:rps +reposa: vra:idCurrentRepository +city: method:geographic +country: method:geographic +site: dct:spatial +work: vra:workType +inscri: vra:inscription +subjec: dct:subject +notes: dct:description +descri: dct:description +state: vra:stateEdition +relati: dct:relation +larger: dct:isPartOf +source: dct:source +sourca: #SKIP source caption +sourcb: dct:isPartOf +sourcc: #SKIP source id, only useful for Meggs set of >50 images +vrc: holding:label +rights: method:rights +record: #SKIP +type: method:type +identi: dct:identifier +vrca: holding:label +course: modsrdf:note #or skip +sessio: #SKIP +projec: #SKIP +projea: #SKIP +catalo: #SKIP +metada: #SKIP +keywor: dct:subject +digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +contri: oregon:contributingInstitution + + + # + # artlicensed + # +title: dct:title +view: oregon:cco/viewDescription +agent: oregon:cco/creatorDisplay +creato: dct:creator +creata: dct:creator +date: dct:date +earlie: vra:earliestDate +latest: vra:latestDate +materi: vra:materials +measur: vra:measurements +style: vra:stylePeriod +cultur: vra:culture +reposi: marcrel:rps +reposa: vra:idCurrentRepository +city: method:geographic +countr: method:geographic +site: dct:spatial +work: vra:workType +inscri: vra:inscription +subjec: dct:subject +notes: dct:description +descri: dct:description +state: vra:stateEdition +relati: dct:relation +larger: dct:isPartOf +source: dct:source +sourca: #SKIP source caption +sourcb: dct:isPartOf +sourcc: dct:identifier #not necessarily the same as identifier +vrc: holding:label +rights: method:rights +record: #SKIP +type: method:type +identi: dct:identifier +vrca: holding:label +course: modsrdf:note #or skip +sessio: #SKIP +projec: #SKIP +projea: #SKIP +catalo: #SKIP +metada: #SKIP +keywor: dct:subject +digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +contri: oregon:contributingInstitution + + + # + # lowenstam + # +title: dct:title +worka: dct:Alternate +view: oregon:cco/viewDescription +agent: dct:creator +agenta: oregon:cco/creatorDisplay +date: dct:date +materi: vra:materials +measur: vra:measurements +style: vra:stylePeriod +cultur: vra:culture +work: vra:workType +locati: method:geographic +reposa: vra:idCurrentRepository +inscri: vra:inscription +descri: dct:description +state: dct:description +relati: dct:relation +text: dct:description +collec: dct:isPartOf +photog: marcrel:pht +photo: oregon:cco/viewDate +box: holding:label +boxa: dct:subject +sectio: dct:subject +identi: dct:identifier +rights: method:rights +record: #SKIP +type: method:type +metada: #SKIP +digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +contri: oregon:contributingInstitution + + # + # Manuscripts + # + + title: dct:title + identi: dct:identifier + shelfm: holding:label + descri: dct:description + conten: dct:tableOfContents + titla: dct:Alternative + altern: dct:Alternative + subjec: dct:subject + keywor: dct:subject + genre: dct:subject + part: dct:HasPart + creato: dct:creator + scribe: marcrel:scr + artist: marcrel:art + contri: dct:contributor + datc: method:date + datb: method:date + date: oregon:dateDigitized + publis: dct:source + langua: method:language + reposi: marcrel:rps + sourcb: schema:numberOfPages + sourcc: dct:Extent + sourcd: vra:support + source: dct:Alternative + collec: dct:IsPartOf + collea: dct:isPartOf + notes: modsref:note + layout: rdag1:layout + illust: dct:description + decora: dct:description + bindin: dct:description + waterm: dct:description + condit: oregon:sourceCondition + restor: dct:description + proven: dct:provenance + contra: #SKIP + prefer: schema:citation + rights: method:rights + acknow: #SKIP + type: method:type + format: method:format + captur: #SKIP + datd: #SKIP + imagb: #SKIP + imagc: #SKIP + metada: #SKIP + metadb: #SKIP + digita: oregon:IsPartOf/set + full: oregon:FullText + + + # + # uovets + # + + identi: dct:identifier + title: dct: title + interv: dct:creator + intera: dct:contributor + subjec: dct:subject + descri: dct:description + branch: dct:subject + occupa: dct:description + highes: dct:description + places: dct:description + interb: method:geographic + date: method:date + type: method:type + format: method:format + langua: method:language + audio: method:rights + transc: method:rights + publis: dct:source + notes: modsref:notes + metada: #SKIP + catalo: #SKIP + digiti: oregon:conversionSpecifications + relati: oregon:IsPartOf/set + contri: oregon:contributingInstitution + + + + # + # uo-athletics + # + + title: dct:title + descra: dct:alternative + sourca: dct:description + descri: dct:description + collec: dct:IsPartOf + collea: dct:IsPartOf + folder: dct:IsPartOf + box: dct:IsPartOf + photo: dct:identifier + titla: dct:alternative + publia: dct:alternative + notes: dct:description + photog: marcrel:pht + author: marcrel:aut + publis: dct:source + data: method:date + datb: method:date + catalo: #SKIP + exhibi: dct:subject + names: dct:subject + namea: dct:subject + subjec: dct:subject + tgm: dct:subject + corpor: dct:subject + corpoa: dct:subject + place: method:geographic + date: method:date + genre: dct:subject + type: method:type + format: method:format + source: dct:source + langua: method:language + relati: dct:HasVersion + covera: dct:coverage + rights: method:rights + proven: dct:provenance + sourcb: dct:extent + sourcc: oregon:sourceCondition + sourcd: dct:hadFormat + number: schema:numberOfPages + donor: marcrel:dnr + citati: schema:citation + origin: dct:publisher + reposi: marcrel:rps + image: rdag1:fileSize + imaga: exif:width + imagb: exif:height + color: exif:colorSpace + sourcf: #SKIP + sourcg: #SKIP + captur: oregon:dateDigitized + captua: oregon:conversionSpecifications + resolu: exif:resolution + proces: method:processing_history + links: #SKIP + addito: dct:HasVersion + additi: dct:HasFormat + metada: #SKIP + imagc: #SKIP + imagd: #SKIP + scanni: #SKIP + other: dct:identifier + catala: #SKIP + full: #SKIP + load: #SKIP + ambros: #SKIP + digita: oregon:IsPartOf/set + contri: oregon:contributingInstitution + + + # + # misc + # + + title: dct:title + subjec: dct:subject + descri: dct:description + creato: dct:creator + publis: dct:publisher + contri: dct:contributor + date: method:date + type: method:type + format: method:format + identi: dct:identifier + source: dct:source + langua: method:language + relati: #SKIP + covera: method:date + rights: method:rights + audien: #SKIP + full: #SKIP + fulla: oregon:FullText + contra: oregon:contributingInstitution + + + # + # petrarch + # + + title: dct:title + poems: dct:HasPart + subjec: dct:subject + descri: dct:description + creato: dct:creator + publis: dct:publisher + contri: dct:contributors + date: method:date + type: method:type + format: method:format + identi: dct:identifier + source: dct:source + langua: method:language + relati: dct:IsPartOf + covera: dct:coverage + rights: method:rights + fulla: oregon:FullText + full: #SKIP + digita: oregon:IsPartOf/set + contra: oregon:contributingInstitution + + + # + # maic + # + + title: dct:title + identi: dct:identifier + work: vra:workType + altern: dct:Alternative + subjec: dct:subject + descri: dct:description + proces: vra:technique + point: dct:HasVersion + measur: vra:measurements + object: ov:compassDirection + primar: method:geographic + second: method:geographic + availa: dct:description + period: vra:stylePeriod + perioa: vra:stylePeriod + relati: dct:relation + orient: dct:compassDirection + rights: marcrel:pht + date: oregon:cco/viewDate + righta: method:rights + publis: dct:source + source: holding:label + data: oregon:dateDigitized + digiti: oregon:conversionSpecifications + image: #SKIP + type: method:type + format: method:format + metada: #SKIP + batch: #SKIP + digita: oregon:IsPartOf/set + contri: oregon:contributingInstitution + + + + # + # Moorhouse-wk + # + +title: dct:identifier +identi: dct:title +titla: dct:Alternative +descra: dct:Alternative +tribad: dct:Alternative +descri: dct:description +tribac: dct:description +tribal: dct:subject +tribaa: dct:subject +tci: # SKIP checklist +subjec: dct:subject +names: dct:subject +covera: method:geographic +creato: marcrel:pht +data: dct:date +rights: method:rights +reposi: marcrel:rps +relati: dct:IsPartOf +collec: dct:IsPartOf +source: dct:hasFormat +sourca: dct:extent +sourceb: oregon:sourceCondition +type: method:type +sub: dct:subject +format: method:format +image: rdag1:fileSize +imagd: exif:width +imagc: exif:height +color: exif:colorSpace +date: oregon:dateDigitized +captur: oregon:conversionSpecifications +resolu: exif:resolution +digiti: method:processing_history +scanni: # SKIP scanning pass +additi: dct:HasVersion +imaga: # SKIP scanner +imagb: # SKIP editor +metada: # SKIP cataloger +cata: modsref:note # cataloger notes +publis: dct:description # statement of joint project +digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +contri: oregon:contributingInstitution + + # + # bookarts + # +identi: dct:identifier +call: holding:label +title: dct:title +altern: dct:alternative +creato: dct:creator +uo: # SKIP +author: dct:contributor +contri: dct:contributor +editio: vra:stateEdition +object: vra:measurements +descri: dct:description +coloph: rdf:descriptionOfManifestation +relati: dct:isPartOf +langua: method:language +date: dct:issued +publis: dct:publisher +place: rdag1:placeOfPublication +subjec: dct:subject +bindin: vra:technique +prinit: vra:technique +produc: rdag1:modeOfIssuance +struct: vra:workType +litera: rdag1:formOfWork +materi: vra:material +format: method:format +type: method:type +digiti: oregon:conversionSpecifications +rights: method:rights +local: modsref:note +librar: # SKIP +datea: oregon:dateDigitized +photog: marcrel:pht +catalo: # SKIP +catala: # SKIP +source: marcrel:rps +digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +contra: oregon:contributingInstitution From b7e2073560f1741b747558fbe4e657bcb56421e2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2014 13:55:17 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 164/186] Update mappings_ode.yml typo fix --- mappings_ode.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/mappings_ode.yml b/mappings_ode.yml index 0650fb2..b429e85 100644 --- a/mappings_ode.yml +++ b/mappings_ode.yml @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ # ode # title: dct:title -date: date:published +date: date:issued volume: swpo:isVolume issue: swpo:hasNumber editio: dct:title From 471a30ecbc73608ef18247ac74aba5a306236951 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2014 13:58:57 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 165/186] Update mappings_petrarch.yml typo fix --- mappings_petrarch.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/mappings_petrarch.yml b/mappings_petrarch.yml index 411a580..aa009f3 100644 --- a/mappings_petrarch.yml +++ b/mappings_petrarch.yml @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ namespaces: descri: dct:description creato: dct:creator publis: dct:publisher - contri: dct:contributors + contri: dct:contributor date: method:date type: method:type format: method:format From 66fd6e12224e3bf5332ab1d118d479bfb775106f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2014 14:01:22 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 166/186] Update mappings_uostock.yml typo fix --- mappings_uostock.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/mappings_uostock.yml b/mappings_uostock.yml index 76829ce..0faac2f 100644 --- a/mappings_uostock.yml +++ b/mappings_uostock.yml @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ photo: exif:orientation phota: rdag1:colourContent identi: dct:identifier source: dct:hasFormat -relati: dct:desription +relati: dct:description donor: dct:source proces: oregon:conversionSpecifications data: oregon:dateDigitized From 5ff12217f575e2acaa8cd2f6ed05cda926ae771b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2014 14:03:25 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 167/186] Update mappings_uo-athletics.yml typo fix --- mappings_uo-athletics.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/mappings_uo-athletics.yml b/mappings_uo-athletics.yml index 132ea5d..3d922c5 100644 --- a/mappings_uo-athletics.yml +++ b/mappings_uo-athletics.yml @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ namespaces: proven: dct:provenance sourcb: dct:extent sourcc: oregon:sourceCondition - sourcd: dct:hadFormat + sourcd: dct:hasFormat number: schema:numberOfPages donor: marcrel:dnr citati: schema:citation From 0382aaf26cc21fcc793c6ece11f84f10adfa96ec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2014 14:05:55 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 168/186] Update mappings_percent.yml typo fix --- mappings_percent.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/mappings_percent.yml b/mappings_percent.yml index 47c4cab..e29403b 100644 --- a/mappings_percent.yml +++ b/mappings_percent.yml @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" langua: method:language titla: oregon:cco/viewDescription digita: oregon:dateDigitized - captur: oregon:conversionSpecification + captur: oregon:conversionSpecifications type: method:type formaa: method:format digitb: dct:Extent From a7535551396148df1e249538efeb33a4589ac52a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2014 14:09:40 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 169/186] typo fix --- mappings_Manuscripts.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/mappings_Manuscripts.yml b/mappings_Manuscripts.yml index 2156043..72b4c21 100644 --- a/mappings_Manuscripts.yml +++ b/mappings_Manuscripts.yml @@ -73,5 +73,5 @@ metada: #SKIP metadb: #SKIP digita: oregon:IsPartOf/set - full: oregon:FullText + full: oregon:fullText From d38704f62580abc3c951ad2756366a2643dca05b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2014 14:10:09 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 170/186] typo fix --- mappings_misc.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/mappings_misc.yml b/mappings_misc.yml index b7d31f7..3de403a 100644 --- a/mappings_misc.yml +++ b/mappings_misc.yml @@ -47,5 +47,5 @@ namespaces: rights: method:rights audien: #SKIP full: #SKIP - fulla: oregon:FullText + fulla: oregon:fullText contra: oregon:contributingInstitution From 0782479fc29692301ccdd1864d32e03fdfba68c6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2014 14:10:34 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 171/186] typo fix --- mappings_petrarch.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/mappings_petrarch.yml b/mappings_petrarch.yml index aa009f3..75f4025 100644 --- a/mappings_petrarch.yml +++ b/mappings_petrarch.yml @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ namespaces: relati: dct:IsPartOf covera: dct:coverage rights: method:rights - fulla: oregon:FullText + fulla: oregon:fullText full: #SKIP digita: oregon:IsPartOf/set contra: oregon:contributingInstitution From 682582aa5dc2a0be5dbe35fb76763596cfcb2a8e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2014 14:10:59 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 172/186] typo fix --- mappings_uopres.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/mappings_uopres.yml b/mappings_uopres.yml index 2be8db9..0c6df9c 100644 --- a/mappings_uopres.yml +++ b/mappings_uopres.yml @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ namespaces: type: method:type format: method:format langua: method:language - full: oregon:FullText + full: oregon:fullText addita: dct:HasVersion datedi: oregon:dateDigitized captur: oregon:conversionSpecifications From d8287973f91e4c64f9d07f4c46ef88231827b20c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2014 14:29:17 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 173/186] typo fix --- mappings_archpnw.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/mappings_archpnw.yml b/mappings_archpnw.yml index 045500b..465b172 100644 --- a/mappings_archpnw.yml +++ b/mappings_archpnw.yml @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ photoa: marcrel: pht catalo: SKIP object: vra:workType period: vra:stylePeriod -materi: vra:materials +materi: vra:material measur: vra:measurements signif: dct:description refere: schema:citation From d9a937ba718a57207f1309c0b40bd2ab4aa15cf8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2014 14:30:21 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 174/186] typo fix --- mappings_percent.yml | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/mappings_percent.yml b/mappings_percent.yml index e29403b..44121e4 100644 --- a/mappings_percent.yml +++ b/mappings_percent.yml @@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" data: method:date commis: dct:description datb: method:date - instal: vra:materials - format: vra:medium + instal: vra:material + format: vra:material artwor: vra:measurements materi: vra:materials source: dct:hasVersion From de1cd21fffaf4103627da8c0f4d50adeffc1d3d9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2014 14:33:04 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 175/186] typo fix --- mappings_jsma.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/mappings_jsma.yml b/mappings_jsma.yml index 5b59e67..27727c4 100644 --- a/mappings_jsma.yml +++ b/mappings_jsma.yml @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ creata: oregon:cco/creatorDisplay cultur: vra:culture subjec: vra:stylePeriod date: method:date -materi: vra:medium +materi: vra:material measur: vra:measurements catego: dct:description descri: dct:description From 5ae2b0bfb5a1f1396f0da633f167df1e7439a0b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2014 14:34:58 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 176/186] fixed typos --- uo_mappings_all.yml | 40 +++++++++++++++++++++------------------- 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-) diff --git a/uo_mappings_all.yml b/uo_mappings_all.yml index 6c7dbfb..fea3879 100644 --- a/uo_mappings_all.yml +++ b/uo_mappings_all.yml @@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ dmcreated: SKIP dmmodified: SKIP dmrecord: - method: replace # dmrecord has CDM number used in old CDM URL dct:replaces + method: replace # dmrecord has CDM number used in old CDM URL dct:replaces # @@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ photoa: marcrel: pht catalo: SKIP object: vra:workType period: vra:stylePeriod -materi: vra:materials +materi: vra:material measur: vra:measurements signif: dct:description refere: schema:citation @@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ creata: oregon:cco/creatorDisplay cultur: vra:culture subjec: vra:stylePeriod date: method:date -materi: vra:medium +materi: vra:material measur: vra:measurements catego: dct:description descri: dct:description @@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ catalo: # SKIP # ode # title: dct:title -date: date:published +date: date:issued volume: swpo:isVolume issue: swpo:hasNumber editio: dct:title @@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ contra: oregon:contributingInstitution type: method:type format: method:format langua: method:language - full: oregon:FullText + full: oregon:fullText addita: dct:HasVersion datedi: oregon:dateDigitized captur: oregon:conversionSpecifications @@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ photo: exif:orientation phota: rdag1:colourContent identi: dct:identifier source: dct:hasFormat -relati: dct:desription +relati: dct:description donor: dct:source proces: oregon:conversionSpecifications data: oregon:dateDigitized @@ -721,10 +721,10 @@ contri: oregon:contributingInstitution data: method:date commis: dct:description datb: method:date - instal: vra:materials - format: vra:medium + instal: vra:material + format: vra:material artwor: vra:measurements - materi: vra:materials + materi: vra:material source: dct:hasVersion sourcb: # SKIP artwob: method:geographic #artwork site @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ contri: oregon:contributingInstitution langua: method:language titla: oregon:cco/viewDescription digita: oregon:dateDigitized - captur: oregon:conversionSpecification + captur: oregon:conversionSpecifications type: method:type formaa: method:format digitb: dct:Extent @@ -765,7 +765,7 @@ creata: dct:creator date: dct:date earlie: vra:earliestDate latest: vra:latestDate -materi: vra:materials +materi: vra:material measur: vra:measurements style: vra:stylePeriod cultur: vra:culture @@ -813,7 +813,7 @@ creata: dct:creator date: dct:date earlie: vra:earliestDate latest: vra:latestDate -materi: vra:materials +materi: vra:material measur: vra:measurements style: vra:stylePeriod cultur: vra:culture @@ -862,7 +862,7 @@ creata: dct:creator date: dct:date earlie: vra:earliestDate latest: vra:latestDate -materi: vra:materials +materi: vra:material measur: vra:measurements style: vra:stylePeriod cultur: vra:culture @@ -909,7 +909,7 @@ view: oregon:cco/viewDescription agent: dct:creator agenta: oregon:cco/creatorDisplay date: dct:date -materi: vra:materials +materi: vra:material measur: vra:measurements style: vra:stylePeriod cultur: vra:culture @@ -988,7 +988,7 @@ contri: oregon:contributingInstitution metada: #SKIP metadb: #SKIP digita: oregon:IsPartOf/set - full: oregon:FullText + full: oregon:fullText # @@ -1064,7 +1064,7 @@ contri: oregon:contributingInstitution proven: dct:provenance sourcb: dct:extent sourcc: oregon:sourceCondition - sourcd: dct:hadFormat + sourcd: dct:hasFormat number: schema:numberOfPages donor: marcrel:dnr citati: schema:citation @@ -1117,7 +1117,7 @@ contri: oregon:contributingInstitution rights: method:rights audien: #SKIP full: #SKIP - fulla: oregon:FullText + fulla: oregon:fullText contra: oregon:contributingInstitution @@ -1131,7 +1131,7 @@ contri: oregon:contributingInstitution descri: dct:description creato: dct:creator publis: dct:publisher - contri: dct:contributors + contri: dct:contributor date: method:date type: method:type format: method:format @@ -1141,7 +1141,7 @@ contri: oregon:contributingInstitution relati: dct:IsPartOf covera: dct:coverage rights: method:rights - fulla: oregon:FullText + fulla: oregon:fullText full: #SKIP digita: oregon:IsPartOf/set contra: oregon:contributingInstitution @@ -1272,3 +1272,5 @@ catala: # SKIP source: marcrel:rps digita: oregon:isPartOf/set contra: oregon:contributingInstitution + + From d7f2185484c095733f80e86bdf0405d012f943f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2014 07:13:38 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 177/186] jsma correction --- uo_mappings_all.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/uo_mappings_all.yml b/uo_mappings_all.yml index fea3879..bda1ef7 100644 --- a/uo_mappings_all.yml +++ b/uo_mappings_all.yml @@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ subjec: vra:stylePeriod date: method:date materi: vra:material measur: vra:measurements -catego: dct:description +catego: vra:workType descri: dct:description notes: modsref:note type: method:type From 6676d54951a30470ae5e69be78fc1dc55fe4faa7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2014 14:37:33 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 178/186] updated --- uo_mappings_all.yml | 218 ++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------- 1 file changed, 108 insertions(+), 110 deletions(-) diff --git a/uo_mappings_all.yml b/uo_mappings_all.yml index bda1ef7..fc57290 100644 --- a/uo_mappings_all.yml +++ b/uo_mappings_all.yml @@ -213,8 +213,8 @@ contri: oregon:contributingInstitution # Bestof # title: dct:title -additb: dct:Alternative -descra: dct:Alternative +additb: dct:alternative +descra: dct:alternative descri: dct:description subjec: dct:subject names: dct:subject @@ -226,8 +226,8 @@ creato: dct:creator data: oregon:cco/viewDate rights: method:rights reposi: marcrel:rps -relati: dct:IsPartOf -collec: dct:IsPartOf +relati: oregon:archives/collectionTitle +collec: oregon:archives/collectionIdentifier collea: oad:has_findingAid sourca: dct:extent source: dct:hasFormat @@ -242,9 +242,9 @@ date: oregon:dateDigitized captur: oregon:conversionSpecifications resolu: exif:resolution ditigi: method:processing_history -additi: dct:HasVersion +additi: dct:hasVersion publis: dct:source -digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +digita: oregon:set digitb: # SKIP contri: oregon:contributingInstitution @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ contri: oregon:contributingInstitution identi: dct:identifier title: dct:title sourca: # SKIP -old: dct:Alternative +old: dct:alternative descri: dct:description series: dct:subject names: dct:subject @@ -265,9 +265,9 @@ subjec: dct:subject photog: dct:creator date: method:date reposi: marcrel:rps -collec: dct:IsPartOf -source: dct:IsPartOf -album: dct:IsPartOf +collec: oregon:archives/collectionIdentifier +source: oregon:archives/collectionTitle +album: dct:isPartOf admin: dct:source type: method:type format: dct:hasFormat @@ -277,10 +277,10 @@ catala: # SKIP catalo: # SKIP rights: method:rights proven: dct:provenance -relate: dct:IsVersionOf +relate: dct:isVersionOf bandin: # SKIP publis: dct:source -digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +digita: oregon:set contri: oregon:contributingInstitution # @@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ metada: # SKIP image: # SKIP ambros: # SKIP catalo: # SKIP -digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +digita: oregon:set full: oregon:fullText contra: oregon:contributingInstitution @@ -332,8 +332,8 @@ format: method:format identi: dct:identifier source: holding:label langua: method:language -collec: dct:IsPartOf -collea: dct:IsPartOf +collec: oregon:archives/collectionTitle +collea: oregon:archives/collectionIdentifier colleb: oad:has_findingAid box: # SKIP folder: # SKIP @@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ metada: # SKIP imagb: # SKIP catalo: # SKIP ambros: # SKIP -digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +digita: oregon:set contri: oregon:contributingInstitution fulla: oregon: #TBD; full PDFs download, in jasr folder ready to go @@ -366,11 +366,11 @@ notes: modsref:note type: method:type format: method:format rights: method:rights -collec: dct:IsPartOf +collec: dct:isPartOf source: marcrel:rps identi: dct:identifier museum: # SKIP -digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +digita: oregon:set catalo: # SKIP @@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ relati: dct:relation rights: method:rights full: oregon:fullText metada: # SKIP -digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +digita: oregon:set ambros: # SKIP contri: oregon:contributingInstitution @@ -402,28 +402,26 @@ contri: oregon:contributingInstitution # title: dct:identifier -subjec: dct:title source: holding:label subjec: dct:subject # ITIS, uBio, LC sub: dct:subject # ITIS, uBio, Geonames, LC phlyum: dwc:phlyum # ITIS and uBio class: dwc:class # ITIS -suba: dwc:genus -suba: dwc:species +suba: dwc:genus #for genusSpecies common: dwc:vernacularName descri: dct:description -covra: dct:Spatial +covra: dct:spatial creato: dct:creator id: dwc:identificationVerificationStatus slide: # SKIP date: method:date catalo: # SKIP -local: dct:IsPartOf +local: dct:isPartOf type: method:type format: method:format identi: dct:identifier rights: method:rights -digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +digita: oregon:set sourca: # SKIP contri: oregon:contributingInstitution @@ -431,7 +429,7 @@ contri: oregon:contributingInstitution # tlegacies # title: dct:title -altern: dct:Alternative +altern: dct:alternative creato: dct:creator cultur: vra:culture organi: dct:description @@ -447,7 +445,7 @@ work: vra:workType type: method:type format: method:format reposi: marcrel:rps -identi: dct:isPartOf +identi: oregon:archives/collectionIdentifier size: dct:description number: dct:description nwda: oad:has_findingAid @@ -458,7 +456,7 @@ repres: # SKIP publis: dct:source catalo: # SKIP metada: # SKIP -digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +digita: oregon:set contri: oregon:contributingInstitution # @@ -476,7 +474,7 @@ lc: dct:subject people: dct:subject corpor: dct:subject place: method:geographic -genre: rdag1:formOfWork +genre: rdaw:formOfWork.en author: marcrel:aut photog: marcrel:pht cartog: marcrel:ctg @@ -484,20 +482,20 @@ illust: marcrel:ill creato: dct:contributor previo: # SKIP (in the citation) date: dct:issued -covera: dct:Temporal +covera: dct:temporal publis: dct:source datedi: oregon:dateDigitized rights: method:rights reposi: marcrel:rps -relati: dct:isPartOf -collec: dct:isPartOf -additi: dct:HasVersion -addita: dct:HasVersion +relati: oregon:archives/collectionTitle +collec: oregon:archives/collectionIdentifier +additi: dct:hasVersion +addita: dct:hasVersion langua: method:language type: method:type format: method:format captur: oregon:conversionSpecifications -file: rdag1:fileSize +file: rdam:fileSize.en image: exif:width imaga: exif:height color: exif:colorSpace @@ -511,7 +509,7 @@ link: dct:relation contra: oregon:contributingInstitution catalo: # SKIP load: # SKIP -digitb: oregon:isPartOf/set +digitb: oregon:set fulla: oregon: #TBD; full PDFs download @@ -521,14 +519,14 @@ fulla: oregon: #TBD; full PDFs download title: dct:identifier titlb: dct:title descri: dct:description -identi: dct:Alternative +identi: dct:alternative date: method:date covera: method:geographic creato: dct:creator person: dct:subject #lcnaf subjec: dct:subject -relati: dct:IsPartOf -collec: dct:IsPartOf +relati: oregon:archives/collectionTitle +collec: oregon:archives/collectionIdentifier sourca: holding:label source: dct:hasFormat type: method:type @@ -541,7 +539,7 @@ captur: oregon:conversionSpecifications metadata: # SKIP imaga: # SKIP catalo: # SKIP -digita: oregon:IsPartOf/set +digita: oregon:set catala: # SKIP contri: oregon:contributingInstitution @@ -556,12 +554,12 @@ photog: # SKIP empty field, merge with creator covera: method:geographic date: method:date contri: dct:contributor -relate: dct:HasVersion +relate: dct:hasVersion source: # SKIP (empty field, merge with collec- title of collection) reposi: marcrel:rps -collec: dct:source -collea: dct:identifier -relati: dct:IsPartOf +collec: oregon:archives/collectionTitle +collea: oregon:archives/collectionIdentifier +relati: dct:isPartOf identi: dct:identifier donor: rdvocab: donor format: method:format @@ -570,7 +568,7 @@ langua: method:language rights: method:rights publis: dct:source digiti: oregon:conversionSpecifications -digita: oregon:IsPartOf/set +digita: oregon:set contra: oregon:contributingInstitution # @@ -598,10 +596,10 @@ contra: oregon:contributingInstitution source: dct:description relati: dct:relation issuin: dct:source - collec: dct:IsPartOf - collea: dct:IsPartOf - box: dct:IsPartOf - folder: dct:IsPartOf + collec: oregon:archives/collectionTitle + collea: oregon:archives/collectionIdentifier + box: oregon:archives/boxNumber + folder: oregon:archives/folderNumber proces: method:processing_history datea: oregon:dateDigitized rights: method:rights @@ -609,7 +607,7 @@ contra: oregon:contributingInstitution metada: # SKIP imagin: # SKIP catalo: # SKIP - digita: oregon:isPartOf/set + digita: oregon:set contri: oregon:contributingInstitution @@ -620,7 +618,7 @@ contra: oregon:contributingInstitution identi: dct:identifier title: dct: title altern: dct:alternative - docume: dct:IsPartOf + docume: dct:isPartOf descri: dct:description number: schema:numberOfPages subjec: dct:subject @@ -634,19 +632,19 @@ contra: oregon:contributingInstitution date: method:date rights: method:rights reposi: marcrel:rps - collec: dct:IsPartOf - collea: dct:IsPartOf - box: dct:IsPartOf - folder: dct:IsPartOf + collec: oregon:archives/collectionTitle + collea: oregon:archives/collectionIdentifier + box: oregon:archives/boxNumber + folder: oregon:archives/folderNumber ambros: # SKIP type: method:type format: method:format langua: method:language full: oregon:fullText - addita: dct:HasVersion + addita: dct:hasVersion datedi: oregon:dateDigitized captur: oregon:conversionSpecifications - file: rdag1:fileSize + file: rdam:fileSize.en image: exif:width imaga: exif:height color: exif:colorSpace @@ -659,7 +657,7 @@ contra: oregon:contributingInstitution catala: # SKIP load: # SKIP publis: dct:source - digita: oregon:isPartOf/set + digita: oregon:set contra: oregon:contributingInstitution # @@ -668,8 +666,8 @@ contra: oregon:contributingInstitution title: dct: title creato: dct: creator subjec: dct:subject -buildi: dct:subject # not sure if some of these will have CVs -event: Schema:events +buildi: dct:subject +event: schema:events descri: dct:description season: dct:subject genre: dct:subject @@ -680,7 +678,7 @@ date: method:date type: method:type format: method:format photo: exif:orientation -phota: rdag1:colourContent +phota: rdae:colourContent.ed identi: dct:identifier source: dct:hasFormat relati: dct:description @@ -691,24 +689,24 @@ rights: method:rights metada: # SKIP scanni: # SKIP catalo: # SKIP -digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +digita: oregon:set contri: oregon:contributingInstitution # # percent # - projea: rdarel:containsManifestation + projea: rdam:containedInManifestation.en projec: dct:identifier identi: dct:identifier oac: dct:identifier title: dct:title - altern: dct:Alternative + altern: dct:alternative series: dct:isPartOf descrb: dct:description descra: dct:description dscri: dct:description - artist: rdag2:bibliographicalinformation + artist: rdaa:biographicalInformation.en lc: dct:subject aat: dct:subject place: method:geographic @@ -738,7 +736,7 @@ contri: oregon:contributingInstitution captur: oregon:conversionSpecifications type: method:type formaa: method:format - digitb: dct:Extent + digitb: dct:extent color: exif:colorSpace imaga: method:processing_history missin: #SKIP (missing items?) @@ -750,7 +748,7 @@ contri: oregon:contributingInstitution rights: method:rights contri: dct:contributor publis: dct:source - collec: oregon:isPartOf/set + collec: oregon:set contra: oregon:contributingInstitution @@ -799,7 +797,7 @@ projea: #SKIP catalo: #SKIP metada: #SKIP keywor: dct:subject -digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +digita: oregon:set contri: oregon:contributingInstitution # @@ -847,7 +845,7 @@ projea: #SKIP catalo: #SKIP metada: #SKIP keywor: dct:subject -digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +digita: oregon:set contri: oregon:contributingInstitution @@ -896,7 +894,7 @@ projea: #SKIP catalo: #SKIP metada: #SKIP keywor: dct:subject -digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +digita: oregon:set contri: oregon:contributingInstitution @@ -932,7 +930,7 @@ rights: method:rights record: #SKIP type: method:type metada: #SKIP -digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +digita: oregon:set contri: oregon:contributingInstitution # @@ -944,12 +942,12 @@ contri: oregon:contributingInstitution shelfm: holding:label descri: dct:description conten: dct:tableOfContents - titla: dct:Alternative - altern: dct:Alternative + titla: dct:alternative + altern: dct:alternative subjec: dct:subject keywor: dct:subject genre: dct:subject - part: dct:HasPart + part: dct:hasPart creato: dct:creator scribe: marcrel:scr artist: marcrel:art @@ -961,13 +959,13 @@ contri: oregon:contributingInstitution langua: method:language reposi: marcrel:rps sourcb: schema:numberOfPages - sourcc: dct:Extent + sourcc: dct:extent sourcd: vra:support - source: dct:Alternative - collec: dct:IsPartOf - collea: dct:isPartOf + source: dct:alternative + collec: oregon:archives/collectionTitle + collea: oregon:archives/collectionIdentifier notes: modsref:note - layout: rdag1:layout + layout: rdam:layout.en illust: dct:description decora: dct:description bindin: dct:description @@ -987,7 +985,7 @@ contri: oregon:contributingInstitution imagc: #SKIP metada: #SKIP metadb: #SKIP - digita: oregon:IsPartOf/set + digita: oregon:set full: oregon:fullText @@ -1017,7 +1015,7 @@ contri: oregon:contributingInstitution metada: #SKIP catalo: #SKIP digiti: oregon:conversionSpecifications - relati: oregon:IsPartOf/set + relati: oregon:set contri: oregon:contributingInstitution @@ -1030,10 +1028,10 @@ contri: oregon:contributingInstitution descra: dct:alternative sourca: dct:description descri: dct:description - collec: dct:IsPartOf - collea: dct:IsPartOf - folder: dct:IsPartOf - box: dct:IsPartOf + collec: oregon:archives/collectionTitle + collea: oregon:archives/collectionIdentifier + folder: oregon:archives/folderNumber + box: oregon:archives/boxNumber photo: dct:identifier titla: dct:alternative publia: dct:alternative @@ -1058,7 +1056,7 @@ contri: oregon:contributingInstitution format: method:format source: dct:source langua: method:language - relati: dct:HasVersion + relati: dct:hasVersion covera: dct:coverage rights: method:rights proven: dct:provenance @@ -1070,7 +1068,7 @@ contri: oregon:contributingInstitution citati: schema:citation origin: dct:publisher reposi: marcrel:rps - image: rdag1:fileSize + image: rdam:fileSize.en imaga: exif:width imagb: exif:height color: exif:colorSpace @@ -1081,7 +1079,7 @@ contri: oregon:contributingInstitution resolu: exif:resolution proces: method:processing_history links: #SKIP - addito: dct:HasVersion + addito: dct:hasVersion additi: dct:HasFormat metada: #SKIP imagc: #SKIP @@ -1092,7 +1090,7 @@ contri: oregon:contributingInstitution full: #SKIP load: #SKIP ambros: #SKIP - digita: oregon:IsPartOf/set + digita: oregon:set contri: oregon:contributingInstitution @@ -1126,7 +1124,7 @@ contri: oregon:contributingInstitution # title: dct:title - poems: dct:HasPart + poems: dct:hasPart subjec: dct:subject descri: dct:description creato: dct:creator @@ -1138,12 +1136,12 @@ contri: oregon:contributingInstitution identi: dct:identifier source: dct:source langua: method:language - relati: dct:IsPartOf + relati: dct:isPartOf covera: dct:coverage rights: method:rights fulla: oregon:fullText full: #SKIP - digita: oregon:IsPartOf/set + digita: oregon:set contra: oregon:contributingInstitution @@ -1154,20 +1152,20 @@ contri: oregon:contributingInstitution title: dct:title identi: dct:identifier work: vra:workType - altern: dct:Alternative + altern: dct:alternative subjec: dct:subject descri: dct:description proces: vra:technique - point: dct:HasVersion + point: dct:hasVersion measur: vra:measurements - object: ov:compassDirection + object: oregon:compassDirection primar: method:geographic second: method:geographic availa: dct:description period: vra:stylePeriod perioa: vra:stylePeriod relati: dct:relation - orient: dct:compassDirection + orient: oregon:compassDirection rights: marcrel:pht date: oregon:cco/viewDate righta: method:rights @@ -1180,7 +1178,7 @@ contri: oregon:contributingInstitution format: method:format metada: #SKIP batch: #SKIP - digita: oregon:IsPartOf/set + digita: oregon:set contri: oregon:contributingInstitution @@ -1191,9 +1189,9 @@ contri: oregon:contributingInstitution title: dct:identifier identi: dct:title -titla: dct:Alternative -descra: dct:Alternative -tribad: dct:Alternative +titla: dct:alternative +descra: dct:alternative +tribad: dct:alternative descri: dct:description tribac: dct:description tribal: dct:subject @@ -1206,15 +1204,15 @@ creato: marcrel:pht data: dct:date rights: method:rights reposi: marcrel:rps -relati: dct:IsPartOf -collec: dct:IsPartOf +relati: oregon:archives/collectionTitle +collec: oregon:archives/collectionIdentifier source: dct:hasFormat sourca: dct:extent sourceb: oregon:sourceCondition type: method:type sub: dct:subject format: method:format -image: rdag1:fileSize +image: rdam:fileSize.en imagd: exif:width imagc: exif:height color: exif:colorSpace @@ -1223,13 +1221,13 @@ captur: oregon:conversionSpecifications resolu: exif:resolution digiti: method:processing_history scanni: # SKIP scanning pass -additi: dct:HasVersion +additi: dct:hasVersion imaga: # SKIP scanner imagb: # SKIP editor metada: # SKIP cataloger cata: modsref:note # cataloger notes publis: dct:description # statement of joint project -digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +digita: oregon:set contri: oregon:contributingInstitution # @@ -1246,18 +1244,18 @@ contri: dct:contributor editio: vra:stateEdition object: vra:measurements descri: dct:description -coloph: rdf:descriptionOfManifestation +coloph: rdam:descriptionOfManifestation.en relati: dct:isPartOf langua: method:language date: dct:issued publis: dct:publisher -place: rdag1:placeOfPublication +place: rdam:placeOfProduction.en subjec: dct:subject bindin: vra:technique prinit: vra:technique -produc: rdag1:modeOfIssuance +produc: rdam:modeOfIssuance.en struct: vra:workType -litera: rdag1:formOfWork +litera: rdaw:formOfWork.en materi: vra:material format: method:format type: method:type @@ -1270,7 +1268,7 @@ photog: marcrel:pht catalo: # SKIP catala: # SKIP source: marcrel:rps -digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +digita: oregon:set contra: oregon:contributingInstitution From 891c1f353a9ced519fba6afce990b4d5b8b89226 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2014 14:45:47 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 179/186] Update uo_mappings_all.yml --- uo_mappings_all.yml | 10 +++++----- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/uo_mappings_all.yml b/uo_mappings_all.yml index fc57290..c5bd61d 100644 --- a/uo_mappings_all.yml +++ b/uo_mappings_all.yml @@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ collec: oregon:archives/collectionTitle collea: oregon:archives/collectionIdentifier relati: dct:isPartOf identi: dct:identifier -donor: rdvocab: donor +donor: marcrel:dnr format: method:format type: method:type langua: method:language @@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ relati: dct:relation larger: dct:isPartOf source: dct:source sourca: #SKIP source caption -sourcb: dct:isPartOf +sourcb: oregon:archives/collectionTitle sourcc: #SKIP, same as identifier vrc: holding:label rights: method:rights @@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ relati: dct:relation larger: dct:isPartOf source: dct:source sourca: #SKIP source caption -sourcb: dct:isPartOf +sourcb: oregon:archives/collectionTitle sourcc: #SKIP source id, only useful for Meggs set of >50 images vrc: holding:label rights: method:rights @@ -879,7 +879,7 @@ relati: dct:relation larger: dct:isPartOf source: dct:source sourca: #SKIP source caption -sourcb: dct:isPartOf +sourcb: oregon:archives/collectionTitle sourcc: dct:identifier #not necessarily the same as identifier vrc: holding:label rights: method:rights @@ -919,7 +919,7 @@ descri: dct:description state: dct:description relati: dct:relation text: dct:description -collec: dct:isPartOf +collec: oregon:archives/collectionTitle photog: marcrel:pht photo: oregon:cco/viewDate box: holding:label From 657212df853c3e333d7050b3c681143bb0c053b4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sarah Seymore Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2014 14:58:01 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 180/186] Update uo_mappings_all.yml --- uo_mappings_all.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/uo_mappings_all.yml b/uo_mappings_all.yml index c5bd61d..0b9d027 100644 --- a/uo_mappings_all.yml +++ b/uo_mappings_all.yml @@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ notes: modsref:note type: method:type format: method:format rights: method:rights -collec: dct:isPartOf +collec: oregon:archives/collectionTitle source: marcrel:rps identi: dct:identifier museum: # SKIP From c7a68bd405af40210ddff3924afd1c36bf92f90e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Mon, 11 Aug 2014 07:52:54 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 181/186] validate validated full doc. please merge into opaque_ns master --- subject.jsonld | 91267 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 91267 insertions(+) create mode 100644 subject.jsonld diff --git a/subject.jsonld b/subject.jsonld new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0758834 --- /dev/null +++ b/subject.jsonld @@ -0,0 +1,91267 @@ +{ + "@context": { + "title": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/title", + "label": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label", + "comment": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment", + "description": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description", + "publisher": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher", + "modified": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified", + "issued": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/issued", + "Collection": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/Collection", + "definedBy": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy", + "range": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range", + "date": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date", + "RightsStatement": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/RightsStatement", + "Concept": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept", + "@language": "en", + "additionalName": "http://schema.org/additionalName", + "alternateName": "https://schema.org/alternateName", + "PersonalName": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#PersonalName", + "CorporateName": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#CorporateName", + "Topic": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Topic", + "Geographic": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Geographic", + "Title": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Title" + }, + "@graph": [ + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/subject", + "title": "Subject controlled vocabulary", + "publisher": "Opaque Namespace", + "modified": { + "@value": "2013-12-16", + "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2013-12-16", + "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": 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W.", + "comment": "Captain of a Colombia River steamship", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/BaileyGatzertSteamship", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bailey Gatzert (Steamship)", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/ChanticleerInnPortlandOr", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chanticleer Inn (Portland, Or.)", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/CharlesRSpencerSteamship", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Charles R. Spencer (Steamship)", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/ColumbiaRiverHighwayOregon", + "@type": "Geographic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Columbia River Highway, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/ColumbiaRiverSmeltCompany", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Columbia River Smelt Company", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/DallesPortlandandAstoriaNavigationCompany", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dalles, Portland, and Astoria Navigation Company", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/HassaloSteamship", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hassalo (Steamship)", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/HattieBelleSternwheeler", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hattie Belle (Sternwheeler)", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/JNTealSteamship", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "J. N. Teal (Steamship)", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/OWWatsonCompany", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "O. W. Watson Company", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/SelkirkSteamship", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Selkirk (Steamship)", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/VistaHouseOregon", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Vista House, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/WaddellHarrington", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Waddell & Harrington", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-13", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/Indoctrination1879c1928", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Indoctrination (1879- c.1928)", + "comment": "Period in which Native Americans were pressured or forced to assimilate with prevailing European-American culture. It was during this time that boarding schools were established and Native American children taken from their families to be educated and assimilated into while culture.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/Precontact", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Precontact", + "comment": "Period before the time of contact between Europeans and Native American peoples in Oregon characterized by intermittent interaction with fur traders and seafaring explorers of the Pacific Northwest.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/RelocationReservation18321871", + "@type": "Property", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Relocation / Reservation (1832-1871)", + "comment": "Period of implementation of the Indian Removal Act of 1830, wherein Native Americans were removed from their historic lands and resettled on reservations.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/Removal1828c1832", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Removal (1828-c.1832)", + "comment": "Period leading up to and shortly after the passage of the Indian Removal Act of 1830 meant primarily to move Native Americans from the southeastern US.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/Reorganization19341953", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Reorganization (1934-1953)", + "comment": "Period following the Wheeler-Howard Act of 1934 (the Indian Reorganization Act) that returned local self-governance to Native American Tribes. Some lands purchased by non-tribe member was also restored by court order. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/SelfDetermination", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Self-Determination", + "comment": "The current period of self-determination and self-rule for tribes characterized by falling support in the US Congress, especially among members of the Republican party.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/SovereigntySelfGovernance19752011", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sovereignty/Self-Governance (1975-2011)", + "comment": "Period following the passage of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975 which ended the policy of terminating the relationships between tribes and the US federal government. Implementation of the Act allowed for local regulation of federal programs with the stipulation that tribes meet federal requirements, not unlike individual states, through the use of 638 contracts.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/Termination19531968", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Termination (1953-1968)", + "comment": "Period of implementation of the House Concurrent Resolution 108 of 1953 and Public Law 280 in which relationships between tribes and the US federal government were terminated. This effectively ended the reservation system and removed federal aid to tribes while members of tribes became full citizens of the US and reservation lands became subject to the jurisdiction of states.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/NortheasternOregon", + "@type": "Geographic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Northeastern Oregon", + "comment": "Area located east of the Cascade mountains, in the northern part of the State of Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/Oregoncoast", + "@type": "Geographic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Oregon coast", + "comment": "Pacific Ocean coastline and adjacent lands west of the Coastal Cascade mountain range in the State of Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/PacificNorthwest", + "@type": "Geographic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pacific Northwest", + "comment": "General area in the northwest of the United States, usually including the states of Washington, Oregon and Idaho. May also refer to areas of Canada along the Pacific coast.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/SouthernOregon", + "@type": "Geographic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Southern Oregon", + "comment": "The south half of the State of Oregon.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/AlaskaYukonmagazine", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-21", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Alaska-Yukon magazine", + "comment": "Periodical published in Juneau, Alaska, 1905-1912", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-21", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/Governmentrelations17891869", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-21", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Government relations, 1789-1869", + "comment": "Refers to the relationship between the US federal government and the various Native American populations during the years of 1789-1869, the election of George Washington as President to roughly the end of the era of removing Indians from their historic lands and resettling them on reservations.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-21", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/MalheurAgency", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-21", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Malheur Agency", + "comment": "Division of the US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, that oversaw the Malheur Indian Reservation in southeast Oregon.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-21", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/OregonRoundUp", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-21", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Oregon Round Up", + "comment": "Unidentified rodeo held in Oregon. Differentiated from the Pendleton Round-Up", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-21", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/PacificCoastIndians", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-21", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pacific Coast Indians", + "comment": "Native Americans living along the coastline and adjacent lands of the United States.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-21", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/PendletonRoundUp", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-21", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pendleton Round-Up", + "alternateName": "Pendleton Roundup", + "comment": "A frontier exhibition of picturesque pastimes, Indian and military spectacles, cowboy racing and bronco busting for the championship of the Northwest. The rodeo began in 1910 and continues to the present day.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-21", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/TribalPeoples", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-21", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tribal Peoples", + "comment": "Members of a tribal community", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-21", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/AlaskanReindeerService", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Alaskan Reindeer Service", + "comment": "A plan, implemented by William T. Lopp, that was responsible for reintroducing reindeer back into southern Alaska at the turn of the century.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/CayuseIndianWar", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cayuse Indian War", + "comment": "Conflict between the Cayuse people and the European-American settlers in the Oregon Territory, 1847-1855. It was set off by the Whitman Massacre near present day Walla Walla Washington.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/EskimoFishingSeasons", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Eskimo Fishing Seasons", + "comment": "Summer months when Inuit caught fish", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/General", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "General", + "comment": "General interest materials", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/Indianservices", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Indian services", + "comment": "US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Office of Indian Services. As defined by their website, the Office of Indian Services Mission is: To facilitate support for tribal people and tribal governments by promoting safe and quality living environments, strong communities, self sufficient and individual rights, while enhancing protection of the lives, prosperity and well being of American Indians and Alaska Natives.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/MapsofSiouxIndianReservation", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Maps of Sioux Indian Reservation", + "comment": "Regarding maps of the Great Sioux Reservation (N.D. and S.D.)", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/NorthwestTreatyRights", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Northwest Treaty Rights", + "comment": "Native American rights as established between the US federal government and Indian tribes of the northwest", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/PoemsbyCaptainJack", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Poems by Captain Jack", + "comment": "Poetry by John W. 'Captain Jack' Crawford", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/ReceiptRollforWallaWallaTribe", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Receipt Roll for Walla Walla Tribe", + "comment": "Census document for the Walla Walla tribal members", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/RogueRiverIndianAffairs", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Rogue River Indian Affairs", + "comment": "Regional office of the US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs specifically governing relations with the Rogue River Indians, whose reservation was in Jackson county, Oregon.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/Shalakoceremonyandfeast", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shalako ceremony and feast", + "comment": "Zuni dance and ceremonial observance of the winter solstice", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/SiouxCampaign", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sioux Campaign", + "comment": "Also known as the Great Sioux War of 1876, wherein the Lakota Sioux and Northern Cheyenne took up arms to protect their lands from American settlers after negotiations with the US federal government failed", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/SnakeRiverIndians", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Snake River Indians", + "comment": "Collectively the Northern Paiute, the Bannock and Shoshone peoples who lived along the Snake and Owyhee Rivers in Idaho and Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/SouthwestIndianDyes", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Southwest Indian Dyes", + "comment": "Dyes used for the coloration of cloth among the various Indians of the southwest United States", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/SouthwestNavajoPlants", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Southwest Navajo Plants", + "comment": "Plants used medicinally, decoratively and ceremonially by the Navajo people", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/StateandTerritorialData", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "State and Territorial Data", + "comment": "Maps and statistics regarding US states and territories", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/Superintendents", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Superintendents", + "comment": "Administrators attached to Tribal Agencies under the auspices of the Office of Indian Affairs, US Department of the Interior", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/TableRockIndianReserveAffairs", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Table Rock Indian Reserve Affairs", + "comment": "Division of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, US Department of the Interior, involved in administering the Table Rock Indian Reserve.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/ThePeaceParty", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "The Peace Party", + "comment": "Dakota group active during the Dakota Wars of 1862-1865 who opposed fighting the US government and worked to secure the release of captured Dakota soldiers", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/TheWarParty", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "The War Party", + "comment": "Dakota group active during the Dakota Wars of 1862-1865 who fought the US government.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/Transactions", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Transactions", + "comment": "Business deals that usually involve the buying or selling of property of goods", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/TribalAffairs", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tribal Affairs", + "comment": "Offices administering relations between the US federal government and Native American tribes", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/TribalCouncils", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tribal Councils", + "comment": "Governing bodies of Native American tribes", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-19", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AntlerDeer", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Antler, Deer", + "comment": "The horn of a deer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/AntlerElk", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Antler, Elk", + "comment": "The horn of an elk", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArmBandsBeaded", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Arm Bands, Beaded", + "comment": "A band worn around the arm with beaded decoration. Alternately, a band made of strung together beads", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArmBandsBrass", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Arm Bands, Brass", + "comment": "A band worn around the arm made of brass", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ArmBandsFur", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Arm Bands, Fur", + "comment": "A band worn around the arm made of animal fur", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BagBeaded", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bag, Beaded", + "comment": "A soft container used for carrying things with beaded decoration", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BagBeadedGeometric", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bag, Beaded--Geometric", + "comment": "A soft container used for carrying things with beaded decoration with geometric patterns or stylized figures", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BagCornhusk", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bag, Cornhusk", + "comment": "A soft container used for carrying things made from corn husks", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BagPipe", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bag, Pipe", + "comment": "A soft container used for carrying one or more smoking pipes", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BagStorage", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bag, Storage", + "comment": "A soft container used for storing things", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BandoleerFur", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bandoleer, Fur", + "alternateName": "Bandolier, Fur", + "comment": "A strap made of animal fur worn over the shoulder and across the chest, often decorative or used for the suspending or supporting of some other object", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BandoleerHairbone", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bandoleer, Hairbone", + "alternateName": "Bandolier, Hair Bone", + "alternateName": "Bandolier, Hair Pipe", + "comment": "A strap made of or decorated with long slender beads worn over the shoulder and across the chest, often decorative or used for the suspending or supporting of some other object", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Beaded", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Beaded", + "comment": "Having form or ornament produced with beads", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeadedGauntlet", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Beaded Gauntlet", + "alternateName": "Gloves, Beaded Gauntlet", + "comment": "A long glove decorated with beadwork", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BellsAnkleDance", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bells, Ankle-Dance", + "comment": "Small, hollow metalic objects worn around the ankle during dancing", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeltBeaded", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Belt, Beaded", + "comment": "A strip of flexible material worn around the waist, decorated with or formed of beads", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeltLeather", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Belt, Leather", + "comment": "A strip of leather worn around the waist", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BeltYarn", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Belt, Yarn", + "comment": "A woven strip of yran worn around the waist", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlanketStrip", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Blanket Strip", + "comment": "A strip of materials woven using the same techniques as blanket", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlanketStripBeaded", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Blanket Strip, Beaded", + "comment": "A strip of materials woven using the same techniques as blanket and decorated with beads", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BonnetDoubleTrail", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bonnet, Double Trail", + "comment": "A headdress with two long decorated tails", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BonnetSingleTrail", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bonnet, Single Trail", + "comment": "A headdress with a single, long decorated tail", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BonnetStovePipe", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bonnet, Stove Pipe", + "comment": "A headdress with an upright, cylindrical form", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BreastplateHairbone", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Breastplate, Hairbone", + "alternateName": "Breastplate, Hair Bone", + "alternateName": "Breastplate, Hair Pipe", + "comment": "A wide decorative chest ornament made of or decorated with long slender beads", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BridleBeaded", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bridle, Beaded", + "comment": "Headgear decorated with beads used to guide a horse", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BustleEagle", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bustle, Eagle", + "comment": "A piece of regalia made with eagle feathers attached to a backboard", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Capote", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Capote", + "alternateName": "Coat, Capote", + "comment": "A long hooded coat or cloak", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChapsLeather", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chaps, Leather", + "comment": "Leather leg coverings", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ClawsBear", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Claws, Bear", + "comment": "The sharp nails of a bear", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CoatBuckskin", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Coat, Buckskin", + "comment": "A piece of outerwear made of the skin of a deer and used to keep the wearer warm or dry", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CoatCloth", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Coat, Cloth", + "comment": "A piece of outerwear made from cloth and used to keep the wearer warm or dry", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CoatJacket", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Coat, Jacket", + "comment": "A short piece of outerwear used to keep the wearer warm or dry", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Cornhusk", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cornhusk", + "comment": "The outer leaves of an ear of corn", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CowboyApparel", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cowboy Apparel", + "comment": "Clothing typially worn by cowboys", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CradleboardBeadedFloral", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cradleboard, Beaded--Floral", + "comment": "A baby carrier decorated with beadwork in patterns relating to flowers", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DanceStick", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dance Stick", + "comment": "A decorated stick used while dancing", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DeerHoof", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Deer Hoof", + "comment": "The horned foot of a deer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DressBuckskin", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dress, Buckskin", + "comment": "Main garments for women, consisting of a bodice and skirt made from the skin of a deer", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DressCloth", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dress, Cloth", + "comment": "Main garments for women, consisting of a bodice and skirt made from cloth", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DressClothBeaded", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dress, Cloth--Beaded", + "comment": "Main garments for women, consisting of a bodice and skirt made from cloth decorated with beads", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/DressTradeCloth", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Dress, Trade Cloth", + "comment": "Main garments for women, consisting of a bodice and skirt made from mass-produced cloth obtained through trade", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EarringsShell", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Earrings, Shell", + "comment": "Ear ornaments made of shell", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EelsDrying", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Eels--Drying", + "comment": "The process of preserving eel through exposure to air and sun", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ElectricStudio", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Electric Studio", + "comment": "A photographic studio?", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ElkTeeth", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Elk Teeth", + "comment": "Hard bony objects in the mouth of an elk used for biting and chewing", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/EuroAmericanclothing", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Euro-American clothing", + "comment": "Clothing typical of American settlers decended from Europeans", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FanEagleTail", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fan, Eagle Tail", + "comment": "A hand-held object made of eagle feathers used to produce a current of air", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FanHawkTail", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fan, Hawk Tail", + "comment": "A hand-held object made of hawk feathers used to produce a current of air", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FeathersEagle", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Feathers, Eagle", + "comment": "Light outgrowths that form the body covering of an eagle", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FurHairWraps", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fur--Hair Wraps", + "comment": "Ornamental strips of fur wraped around hair or hanging in the hair", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Hairbone", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hairbone", + "alternateName": "Hair Bone", + "alternateName": "Hair Pipe", + "comment": "Long slender beads", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HatCornhusk", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hat, Cornhusk", + "comment": "A head covering made with corn husks", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HeaddressHorned", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Headdress, Horned", + "comment": "A head covering including the horns of an animal", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HorseGear", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Horse Gear", + "comment": "Equipment worn by horses, typially including saddles, blankets, bridles, reins, saddlebags or ornaments", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/HorseTrappings", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Horse Trappings", + "alternateName": "Horse Regalia", + "comment": "Ornamental equipment worn by horses, including collars, masks and attachments to the reins, bridles,saddle bags and saddles", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Indianencampments", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Indian encampments", + "comment": "A place where Native Americans have established a camp", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LeggingsBuckskin", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Leggings, Buckskin", + "alternateName": "Leggins, Buckskin", + "comment": "Leather coverings for the legs", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LeggingsWomens", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Leggings, Women's", + "alternateName": "Leggins, Women's", + "comment": "Coverings for the legs, especially for women", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LeggingsWool", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Leggings, Wool", + "alternateName": "Leggins, Wool", + "comment": "Wool coverings for the legs", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Logs", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Logs", + "comment": "Large pieces of unmilled wood from a tree", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Martingale", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Martingale", + "comment": "A large collar for a horse", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoccasinsBeadedFloral", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moccasins, Beaded-Floral", + "comment": "Soft leather shoeS decorated with beads in patterns relating to flowers", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoccasinsBeadedGeometric", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moccasins, Beaded-Geometric", + "comment": "Soft leather shoeS decorated with beads with geometric patterns or stylized figures", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MoccasinsPlain", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moccasins, Plain", + "comment": "Soft leather shows devoid of ornament", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NecklaceLoop", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Necklace, Loop", + "comment": "A piece of jewelry formed by more than one loop of a strand of beads around the neck", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/OrnamentsWomens", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ornaments, Women's", + "comment": "Decorative objects for women", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Pan", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pan", + "comment": "Shallow container typically for domestic use", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PendletonHighSchoolPendletonOregon", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pendleton High School, Pendleton, Oregon", + "comment": "Secondary school in Pendleton, Oregon, United States", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PipeHatchetStyle", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pipe, Hatchet Style", + "comment": "Smoking pipe with the form of a small ax", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Reins", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Reins", + "comment": "Straps used to guide a horse, connected to a bridle", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Religiousdwellings", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Religious dwellings", + "comment": "Domenstic buildings affiliated with a religious sect or community", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RoachPorcupine", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Roach, Porcupine", + "comment": "A headdress made of porcupine hair", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ScabbardKnife", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Scabbard, Knife", + "comment": "A sheath for a knife", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ScabbardRifle", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Scabbard, Rifle", + "comment": "A sheath for a rifle", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShawlPendleton", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shawl, Pendleton", + "comment": "A rectangular garment or wrapper for covering the head and shoulders, made from a Pendleton Blanket. The Pendleton Woolen Mills in Oregon mass produced these blankets for trading with the Indians and they were designed specifically for perceived Native American tastes", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShirtBuckskin", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shirt, Buckskin", + "comment": "Main garment for the upper body made of deer skin", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShirtBuckskinBeaded", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shirt, Buckskin--Beaded", + "comment": "Main garment for the upper body made of deer skin and decorated with beads", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShirtCloth", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shirt, Cloth", + "comment": "Main garment for the upper body made of cloth", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Textilemillworkers", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Textile mill workers", + "comment": "Laborers in the textile-producing industy", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Underdresscloth", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Underdress, cloth", + "comment": "Cloth dresses worn beneath another dress", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/VestCloth", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Vest, Cloth", + "comment": "Sleveless main garments extending to the waist or just below it, made of cloth", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Wagonwheels", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wagon wheels", + "comment": "Whells, largely wooden, made for wagons", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Workcrews", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Work crews", + "comment": "Groups of laborders put together to accomplish specific tasks", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Awawanita", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Awawanita", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BarnhartBilly", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Barnhart, Billy", + "comment": "Umatilla man whose camp was photographed by Lee Moorhouse in 1903.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BennettJoe", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bennett, Joe", + "comment": "Walla Walla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlackHawkMrs", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Black Hawk, Mrs.", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BlackMrs", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Black, Mrs.", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/BurkeBob", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Burke, Bob", + "additionalName": "Burke, Robert", + "comment": "Cowboy who rode in the Pendleton Round-Up ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChapmanEd", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chapman, Ed", + "comment": "Native American man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1879-ca. 1920. Possibly a weaver in the Pendleton Woolen Mills", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChapmanJack", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chapman, Jack", + "comment": "Native American man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1879-ca. 1920. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChapmanSally", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chapman, Sally", + "comment": "Native American woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1879-ca. 1920. ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChiefFiveCrows", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chief Five Crows", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChiefHomily", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chief Homily", + "comment": "Walla Walla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChiefNoShirt", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chief No-Shirt", + "comment": "Walla Walla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChiefPatBelly", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chief Pat Belly", + "comment": "Palouse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChiefPeo", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chief Peo", + "comment": "Umatilla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChiefShooway", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chief Sho-o-way", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChiefUmapine", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chief Umapine", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ChiefWolf", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chief Wolf", + "comment": "Palouse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CoffeyB", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Coffey, B.", + "comment": "Indian Agent for the Umatilla ca. 1888.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CornelisonJamesN", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cornelison, James N.", + "comment": "Reverand James. N. Cornelison was a missionary affiliated with the Tutuilla Presbyterian Church located on the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR).", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CornelisonMaryJane", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cornelison, Mary Jane", + "comment": "Photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920, Mary Janeis presumed to have a familial relationship with Rev. James N. Cornelison.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CoyoteAnna", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Coyote, Anna", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CoyoteIda", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Coyote, Ida", + "comment": "Cayuse girl photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CoyoteLee", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Coyote, Lee", + "comment": "Cayuse infant photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CoyoteRuth", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Coyote, Ruth", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/CraigJoe", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Craig, Joe", + "comment": "Umatilla man photograohed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Eatnomeat", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Eat-no-meat", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/FrenchLou", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "French, Lou", + "comment": "Walla Walla woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GibbonPeter", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gibbon, Peter", + "comment": "Palouse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/GuyerJim", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Guyer, Jim", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Heyutesemiliken", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "He-yute-se-miliken", + "comment": "Native member of the Indian Police Umatilla Agency in 1888.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Ipnasoletok", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ip-na-sol-e-tok", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Istanse", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Istanse", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Itskaka", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Its-kaka", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Itswashpalu", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Its-wash-pa-lu", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Jemima", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jemima", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JonesPhillip", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Jones, Phillip", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JosephineYoumoits", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Josephine You-mo-its", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/JoshuaBilly", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Joshua, Billy", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KanineJim", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kanine, Jim", + "comment": "Crow man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KashKash", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kash-Kash", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KashKashAnna", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kash-Kash, Anna", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KashKashJames", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kash-Kash, James", + "comment": "Cayuse preacher photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KittsonPeter", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Kittson, Peter", + "comment": "Native American man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1904.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/KolopsSusie", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ko-lops, Susie", + "comment": "Umatilla woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LazyDog", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lazy Dog", + "comment": "Umatilla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse 1903.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LibertyJohn", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Liberty, John", + "comment": "Umatilla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LightfootHorse", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lightfoot (Horse)", + "comment": "Horse ridden in the Pendelton Round-Up ca. 1897-ca. 1920, Pendleton, Oregon.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LincolnFrancis", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lincoln, Francis", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LindleyPeter", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lindley, Peter", + "comment": "Cayuse preacher photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LongHair", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Long Hair", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LuTom", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lu, Tom", + "comment": "Umatilla man whose camp was photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LutonLacy", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Luton, Lacy", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/LymanAbraham", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Lyman, Abraham", + "comment": "Walla Walla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MarshallGeorge", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Marshall, George", + "comment": "Umatilla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/McBainJohn", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "McBain, John", + "comment": "Man photographed by Lee Moorhouse, often with groups of Native Americans.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/McKayAgnesRedhawkDavisDixon", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "McKay, Agnes Redhawk Davis Dixon", + "additionalName": "Red Hawk, Agnes Davis Dixon", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/McKayDonald", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "McKay, Donald", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MinthornLuke", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Minthorn, Luke", + "comment": "Native member of the Indian Police Umatilla Agency in 1888.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MinthornMolly", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Minthorn, Molly", + "comment": "Native American woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MinthornSabina", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Minthorn, Sabina", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MissCraig", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Miss Craig", + "comment": "Walla Walla woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Moses", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moses", + "comment": "Native American man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MotanicArt", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Motanic, Art", + "comment": "Cayuse infant, son of Parson Motanic, photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MotanicDan", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Motanic, Dan", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse in 1915. Persumably related to Art, Mary, Esther, Sarah, Dorothy, and Parson Motanic.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MotanicDorothy", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Motanic, Dorothy", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse in 1915. Persumably related to Art, Mary, Esther, Sarah, Parson, and Dan Motanic.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MotanicEsther", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Motanic, Esther", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse in 1915. Persumably related to Art, Mary, Parson, Sarah, Dorothy, and Dan Motanic.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MotanicInfant", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Motanic, Infant", + "comment": "Cayuse infant, child of Parson Motanic, photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca.1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MotanicMary", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Motanic, Mary", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse in 1915. Persumably related to Art, Parson, Esther, Sarah, Dorothy, and Dan Motanic.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MotanicParson", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Motanic, Parson", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse in 1915. Persumably related to Art, Mary, Esther, Sarah, Dorothy, and Dan Motanic.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/MotanicSarah", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Motanic, Sarah", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse in 1915. Persumably related to Art, Mary, Esther, Parson, Dorothy, and Dan Motanic.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/NoShirtMrs", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "No-Shirt, Mrs.", + "comment": "Umatilla woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse in 1903.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Nuncipo", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Nuncipo", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/O'ReillyCharlesJ", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "O'Reilly, Charles J.", + "additionalName": "O'Reilly, Charles Joseph", + "comment": "Catholic Bishop of Lincoln, Nebraska (1918-1923), Baker City, Oregon (1903-1918), and priest in Oregon City, Oregon (1890-1903).", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ParrNellie", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Parr, Nellie", + "comment": "Walla Walla woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ParrRosa", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Parr, Rosa", + "comment": "Walla Walla woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PatawaAlice", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Patawa, Alice", + "comment": "Umatilla woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PatawaAllen", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Patawa, Allen", + "comment": "Umatilla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PaulRosa", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Paul, Rosa", + "comment": "Walla Walla woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PeoChiefElijahLowry", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Peo, Chief Elijah Lowry", + "comment": "Umatilla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PeoJennie", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Peo, Jennie", + "comment": "Native American woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920. Mother of Rachel Eva Shillal amd sister of Walter Peo.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PeoWalter", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Peo, Walter", + "comment": "Umatilla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920. Brother of Jennie Peo.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Petints", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Petints", + "comment": "Walla Walla girl photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PishCook", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pish-Cook", + "additionalName": "Fish Hawk", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse 1903", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PokerJim", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Poker Jim", + "comment": "Cayuse man, whose camp was near Cayuse Station, was photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920. He was also Chief of the Pendleton Round-Up sometime during the same period.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/PopeLeoWhiteBull", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pope Leo White Bull", + "comment": "Cayuse and Umatilla boy photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/QueenEtna", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Queen Etna", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RedElk", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Red Elk", + "comment": "Umatilla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse in 1903.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/RedhawkGeorge", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Redhawk, George", + "comment": "Cayuse chief photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SampsonMaud", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sampson, Maud", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SawattisKowKow", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sawattis-Kow-Kow", + "comment": "Native member of the Indian Police Umatilla Agency in 1888.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Sequyena", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Sequyena", + "comment": "Walla Walla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShillalRachelEva", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Shillal, Rachel Eva", + "comment": "Native American infant, daughter of Jennie Peo, photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/ShowawayPaul", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Showaway, Paul", + "comment": "Umatilla or Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Somkin", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Som-kin", + "comment": "Walla Walla princess photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/SuLump", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Su-Lump", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/TiCarNee", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ti-Car-Nee", + "comment": "Walla Walla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Tilloquats", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tilloquats", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Totshoma", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tots-homa", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Towatoy", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Towatoy", + "comment": "Umatilla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse in 1903.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Tsintschpu", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Tsin-tschpu", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UmaSomKin", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Uma-Som-Kin", + "additionalName": "Som-kin", + "comment": "Cayuse man, captain of the Indian Police Umatilla Agency in 1888, photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/UmaSomKinMrs", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Uma-Som-Kin, Mrs.", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Watistemeha", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wa-tis-te-me-ha", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Wanico", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wanico", + "comment": "Umatilla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Watalowit", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Watalowit", + "comment": "Native member of the Indian Police Umatilla Agency in 1888.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenixtheElder", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wenix, the Elder", + "comment": "Cayuse woman, sister of Donald McKay, photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WenixtheYounger", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wenix, the Younger", + "comment": "Cayuse woman, sister of Red Elk, photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WheetSootJack", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "WheetSoot, Jack", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WheetSootMrs", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "WheetSoot, Mrs.", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhirlwindCharlesJr", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Whirlwind, Charles, Jr.", + "comment": "Native American man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhirlwindCharleySr", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Whirlwind, Charley, Sr.", + "comment": "Cayuse doctor photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhiteIsaiah", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "White, Isaiah", + "additionalName": "Umko-kas-kat", + "comment": "Native member of the Indian Police Umatilla Agency in 1888.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WhitebullIsadore", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Whitebull, Isadore", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WikeWike", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wike-Wike", + "comment": "Native member of the Indian Police Umatilla Agency in 1888.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamVictor", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "William, Victor", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamsJulius", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Williams, Julius", + "comment": "Cayuse man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamsLucian", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Williams, Lucian", + "comment": "Cowboy in the Pendleton Round-Up ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WilliamsStella", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Williams, Stella", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Wohopum", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wo-ho-pum", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/WoPaPum", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wo-Pa-Pum", + "comment": "Cayuse woman photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/Yeehye", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yeeh-ye", + "comment": "Cayuse or Umatilla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YellowHawk", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Yellow Hawk", + "comment": "Native American participant in the Pendleton Round-Up, photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/YoungchiefDavid", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Youngchief, David", + "comment": "Walla Walla man photographed by Lee Moorhouse ca. 1897-ca. 1920.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/antlerlandscapes", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "antler landscapes", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/archaicanimals", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "archaic animals", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/attackscenes", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "attack scenes", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/birdmen", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "bird-men", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/birthingwomen", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "birthing women", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/boar", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "boar", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/bulldeer", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "bull-deer", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/caprids", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "caprids", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/combatscenes", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "combat scenes", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/cupmarks", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "cupmarks", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/dancingfigures", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "dancing figures", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/deerriders", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "deer riders", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/deerhorses", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "deer-horses", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/domesticscenes", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "domestic scenes", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/enigmaticpatterns", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "enigmatic patterns", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/eroticscenes", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "erotic scenes", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/felines", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "felines", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/femalefigures", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "female figures", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/figures", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "figures", + "comment": "Term originated in the Mongolian Altai Inventory Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-07-23", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/frontalfigures", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": 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"http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Waltzing Marble (Horse)", + "comment": "Horse riden in the Pendelton Round-Up, Pendleton, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/WarEagleJohn", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "War Eagle, John", + "comment": "Native American actor who appeared in the movie The Great Sioux Uprising", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/WarnerMurray", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Warner, Murray", + "comment": "Husband of Gertrude Bass Warner. A graduate of Exeter Academy, held a degree from MIT and went to China to establish the engineering department of the American Trading Company.", + "date": "1869-1920", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/WilsonHomer", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wilson, Homer", + "comment": "Cowboy and rodeo rider", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/WringerHorse", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wringer (Horse)", + "comment": "Horse riden in the Pendelton Round-Up, Pendleton, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/AlaskaCentralRailyardCompany", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Alaska Central Railyard Company", + "comment": "Railroad depot and offices for the Alaska Central Line, Alaska", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/AlderTheaterPortlandOregon", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Alder Theater (Portland, Oregon)", + "comment": "Movie house in Portland, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/AlpineMarket", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Alpine Market", + "comment": "Grocery store in Alpine, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/AlpineStore", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Alpine Store", + "comment": "General store and post office in Alpine, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/AlpineTavern", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Alpine Tavern", + "comment": "Restaurant in Alpine, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/AngelusStudio", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Angelus Studio", + "comment": "Professional photographic company located in Portland, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/AustralianSteamship", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Australian (Steamship)", + "comment": "The SS Australian was a steam powered sternwheel riverboat that sailed the Yukon River in the late 19th century.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/BotsfordCompanyDairy", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Botsford Company Dairy", + "comment": "Pacific northwest dairy farm company", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/BroadwayTheatrePortlandOregon", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Broadway Theatre (Portland, Oregon)", + "comment": "Movie house in Portland, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/CityandSuburbanRailyardCompany", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "City and Suburban Railyard Company", + "comment": "Portland, Oregon streetcar company. It acquired the Willamette Bridge Railyard., Transcontinental St. Railyard. and Waverly-Woodstock Electric Railyard in the 1890s-1900s to form the largest street railway company west of the Mississippi River. It later became the Portland Consolidated Railway.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/ClydeEquipmentCompany", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Clyde Equipment Company", + "comment": "Portland, Oregon manufacturer and provider of heavy machinery", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/CoffeeCupRestaurant", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Coffee Cup (Restaurant)", + "comment": "Restaurant in Sandy, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/CountryCuzzinsCarWash", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Country Cuzzins Car Wash", + "comment": "Car wash in Alpine, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/FloraLoggingCompany", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Flora Logging Company", + "comment": "Logging compnay that ran operation in the Yamhill, Tillamook, and Washington counties of Oregon. It used this name between 1923 and 1940. Previously it was the Carlton Consolidated Lumber Company.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/GelatineAirship", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gelatine (Airship)", + "comment": "A dirigible ", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/GleanerNoraSophiaSteamship", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Gleaner Nora Sophia (Steamship)", + "comment": "The SS Gleaner Nora Sophia was a steam powered sternwheel riverboat that sailed the Yukon River in the late 19th century.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/HawaiiRapidTransitandLightCompany", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hawaii Rapid Transit and Light Company", + "comment": "Streetcar compnay in Hawaii", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/HillcrestJerseyStockFarm", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hillcrest Jersey Stock Farm", + "comment": "Stock and dairy farm in Sandy, Oregon.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/HollywoodTheatrePortlandOregon", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hollywood Theatre (Portland, Oregon)", + "comment": "Movie house in Portland, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/HotelSeasideSeasideOregon", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hotel Seaside (Seaside, Oregon)", + "comment": "A hotel in Sewaside, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/HoustonBattleship", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Houston (Battleship)", + "comment": "United States naval ship that participated in World War Two. Possibly CA-30 or CL-81", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/MearsMeatMarketandGrocery", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mears Meat Market and Grocery", + "comment": "A grocery store located on 92nd Street in Portland Oregon.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/MorningOregonian", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Morning Oregonian", + "comment": "Portland, Oregon newspaper", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/NewellBudgetRailyardCompany", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Newell Budget Railyard Company", + "comment": "Streetcar company that operated in Ohio", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/NorthwestSteelCompany", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Northwest Steel Company", + "comment": "Shipyard in Portland, Oregon that operated between 1917 and 1921.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/NorthwesternNationalBank", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Northwestern National Bank", + "comment": "Bank in Portland, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/OddfellowsHallAlpineOregon", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Oddfellows Hall (Alpine, Oregon)", + "comment": "Lodge hall of the fraternal organization known as the Oddfellow, in Alpine Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/OregonBuildingCongress", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Oregon Building Congress", + "comment": "Group for educators and businesses partnered to develop apprenticeship training programs and standards for the construction industry in Oregon.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/OregonElectricCompany", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Oregon Electric Company", + "comment": "Streetcar company that operated in Forest Grove and Eugene, Oregon.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/OregonWaterPowerandRailroadCompany", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Oregon Water Power & Railroad Company", + "comment": "Streetcar company that operated in Portland, Oregon. Formerly known as the ast Side Railway Company, and the Portland City & Oregon Railway. It later merged with Portland Railway to tform the Portland Railway, Light and Power Company", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/OrientalTheaterPortlandOregon", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Oriental Theater (Portland, Oregon)", + "comment": "Movie house and theater in Portland, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/PacificProtectiveSociety", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pacific Protective Society", + "comment": "Charity that supported orphanages, services for women and girls, and homes for unmarried mothers in Portland, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/PalaceHotelEugeneOregon", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Palace Hotel (Eugene, Oregon)", + "comment": "A hotel built in 1903, also knowns as the Lane Hotel, the Griggs Hotel and the Hotel Gross, located at 488 Willamette Street in Eugene, Oregon.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/PantagesTheaterPortlandOregon", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pantages Theater (Portland, Oregon)", + "comment": "Vaudeville theater in Portland, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/PerkinsHotelPortlandOregon", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Perkins Hotel (Portland, Oregon)", + "comment": "A hotel built by Justus F. Krumbein in 1890-1891, located at Northwest Washington Avenue and Northwest 6th Street, in Portland, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/PittockStationPortlandOregon", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Pittock Station (Portland, Oregon)", + "comment": "Steam powered electic station in Portland, Oregon. Part of the Northwester Electric Company.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/PlaymanBilliardParlor", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Playman Billiard Parlor", + "comment": "Billiard hall", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/PortlandandVancouverRailRoadFerryCompany", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Portland and Vancouver Rail Road Ferry Company", + "comment": "Railroad and Ferry compnay running between Portland, Oregon and Vancouver, British Columbia", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/PortlandBusinessShowPortlandOregon", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Portland Business Show (Portland, Oregon)", + "comment": "Trade show for city of Portland, Oregon", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/ReliefHospitalshipAH", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Relief (Hospital ship : AH)", + "comment": "USS Relief was a naval hospital ship 1917-1946.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/RogueRiverValleyRailwayCo", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Rogue River Valley Railway Co.", + "comment": "Railroad connecting Medford and Jacksonville, Oregon. 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It sank in the Portland Gale off Cape Ann in 1898.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/Cangues", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cangues", + "comment": "Term derived from the Historical Photographs Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/Ceremonialclothinganddress", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Ceremonial clothing & dress", + "comment": "Term derived from the Historical Photographs Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/Childrenandadults", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Children & adults", + "comment": "Term derived from the Historical Photographs Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/Childrenandanimals", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Children & animals", + "comment": "Term derived from the Historical Photographs Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/Childrendancing", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Children dancing", + "comment": "Term derived from the Historical Photographs Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/Childrenplaying", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Children playing", + "comment": "Term derived from the Historical Photographs Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/Childrenplayinginwater", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Children playing in water", + "comment": "Term derived from the Historical Photographs Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/Childrenplayingwithtoys", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Children playing with toys", + "comment": "Term derived from the Historical Photographs Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/Childrenreadingandwriting", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Children reading & writing", + "comment": "Term derived from the Historical Photographs Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/Childrenridinghorses", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Children riding horses", + "comment": "Term derived from the Historical Photographs Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/Childrensewing", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Children sewing", + "comment": "Term derived from the Historical Photographs Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/Childrenswimming", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Children swimming", + "comment": "Term derived from the Historical Photographs Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/Childrensclothinganddress", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Children's clothing & dress", + "comment": "Term derived from the Historical Photographs Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/CowboyApparel", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cowboy Apparel", + "comment": "Term derived from the Historical Photographs Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/FairbanksBankingCompany", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Fairbanks Banking Company", + "comment": "Term derived from the Historical Photographs Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/HamleyMcFatridgeCo", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hamley-McFatridge Co.", + "comment": "Term derived from the Historical Photographs Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/HorseGear", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Horse Gear", + "comment": "Term derived from the Historical Photographs Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/BlanketPendleton", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Blanket, Pendleton", + "comment": "Term derived from the Historical Photographs Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/LeezerandKoeblerDruggists", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Leezer and Koebler Druggists", + "comment": "Term derived from the Historical Photographs Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/SaintJohnsBridgePortlandOregon", + "@type": "CorporateName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Saint John's Bridge (Portland, Oregon)", + "comment": "Term derived from the Historical Photographs Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/Trickriding", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Trickriding", + "comment": "Term derived from the Historical Photographs Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/Wagonwheels", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Wagon wheels", + "comment": "Term derived from the Historical Photographs Collection", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-16", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/BereaCollegecraftsmen", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Berea College, craftsmen", + "comment": "Male artisans connected, either through employment or study, with Berea College in Berea, Kentucky", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/BereaCollegecraftswomen", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Berea College, craftswomen", + "comment": "Female artisans connected, either through employment or study, with Berea College in Berea, Kentucky", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/Ruralportraits", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Rural portraits", + "comment": "Portraits taken in settings pertaining to the country and/or of people living or raised in the country, generally emphasizing living conditions, social customs, costume or crafts", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/Ruralscenes", + "@type": "Topic", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Rural scenes", + "comment": "A view of a country setting", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/AdamsMrsBirdPotter", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Adams, Mrs. Bird Potter", + "comment": "Berea, Kentucky", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/AllenCharlesWesley", + "@type": "PersonalName", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Allen, Charles Wesley", + "comment": "Blacksmith, Berea, Kentucky", + "modified": { + "@value": 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+"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/SykesVanessaR", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Sykes, Vanessa R.", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/TaylorScott", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Taylor, Scott", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/TempletonRobin", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Templeton, Robin", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/ThomasCondon", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Thomas Condon", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/ThomasArielA", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Thomas, Ariel A.", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/ThomasDe'AnthonyM", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Thomas, De'Anthony M.", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/TomMorrow", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tom Morrow", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/TougasRamonaR", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tougas, Ramona R.", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/TreadgoldAlva", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Treadgold, Alva", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/TrincaMasonS", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Trinca, Mason S.", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/VernetLaury", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Vernet, Laury", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/WagonerKiraE", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wagoner, Kira E.", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/WallyCampbell", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wally Campbell", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/WaltBarger", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Walt Barger", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/WaltBiddle", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Walt Biddle", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/WarrenLeannD", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Warren, Leann D.", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/WeaverReid", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Weaver, Reid", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/WestheadCassie", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Westhead, Cassie", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/WestheadPaul", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Westhead, Paul", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/WhitwerNathanJ", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Whitwer, Nathan J.", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/WilliamBoydBeaty", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "William Boyd Beaty", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/WiltshireEricS", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Wiltshire, Eric S.", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/YenDaisy", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yen, Daisy", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/YenTaiJu", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Yen, Tai-Ju", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/YorkCarsonD", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "York, Carson D.", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/ZhaoZiyuan", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Zhao, Ziyuan", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/Campusscenes", +"@type": "Topic", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Campus scenes", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/EdsCoed", +"@type": "Topic", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Ed's Co-ed", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/AnimalHouse", +"@type": "Topic", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Animal House", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/PersonalBest", +"@type": "Topic", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Personal Best", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/subject/Rally", +"@type": "Topic", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Rally", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-09", +"@type": "date" +} +} + ] +} + From e1337e505f4a93131694ea57138139c25326f1e2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Mon, 11 Aug 2014 08:30:07 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 182/186] add localCollectionName --- localCollectionName.json | 2868 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 2868 insertions(+) create mode 100644 localCollectionName.json diff --git a/localCollectionName.json b/localCollectionName.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..082b762 --- /dev/null +++ b/localCollectionName.json @@ -0,0 +1,2868 @@ + + +{ + "@context": { + "title": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/title", + "label": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label", + "comment": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment", + "description": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description", + "publisher": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher", + "modified": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified", + "issued": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/issued", + "Collection": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/Collection", + "definedBy": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy", + "range": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range", + "date": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date", + "RightsStatement": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/RightsStatement", + "Concept": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept", + "@language": "en", + "additionalName": "http://schema.org/additionalName", + "alternateName": "https://schema.org/alternateName" + "PersonalName": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#PersonalName", + "CorporateName": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#CorporateName", + "Topic": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Topic", + "Geographic": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Geographic", + "Title": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Title", + }, + "@graph": [ + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/localCollectionName", + "title": "localCollectionName controlled vocabulary", + "publisher": "Opaque Namespace", + "modified": { + "@value": "2013-12-16", + "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2013-12-16", + "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date" + } + }, + +# BEGIN JSMA + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/VirginiaHaseltineCollection", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Virginia Haseltine Collection of Pacific Northwest Art", + "comment": "Collection in the Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art, University of Oregon.", + "date": "active 2013-2014", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + +# END JSMA +# BEGIN BESTOF + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/AlbumCollection", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Album Collection", + "comment": "Collection in Special Collection and University Archives, University of Oregon.", + "date": "active 2013-2014", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/AndrewsClarenceLPhotographs", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Andrews (Clarence L.) Photographs", + "comment": "Collection in Special Collection and University Archives, University of Oregon.", + "date": "active 2013-2014", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/AndrewsRoyCPhotographs", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Andrews (Roy C.) Photographs", + "comment": "Collection in Special Collection and University Archives, University of Oregon.", + "date": "active 2013-2014", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/AngelusStudioPhotographs", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Angelus Studio Photographs", + "comment": "Collection in Special Collection and University Archives, University of Oregon.", + "date": "active 2013-2014", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/BauguessJohnPhotographs", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bauguess (John) Photographs", + "comment": "Collection in Special Collection and University Archives, University of Oregon.", + "date": "active 2013-2014", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/BowmanWalterSPhotographsn", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bowman (Walter S.) Photographs", + "comment": "Collection in Special Collection and University Archives, University of Oregon.", + "date": "active 2013-2014", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/CloutierJamesPhotographs", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cloutier (James) Photographs", + "comment": "Collection in Special Collection and University Archives, University of Oregon.", + "date": "active 2013-2014", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/DrakeLeeDPhotographs", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Drake (Lee D.) Photographs", + "comment": "Collection in Special Collection and University Archives, University of Oregon.", + "date": "active 2013-2014", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/ElectricStudioOGAllenPhotographs", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Electric Studio/O.G. Allen Photographs", + "comment": "Collection in Special Collection and University Archives, University of Oregon.", + "date": "active 2013-2014", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/FrazierAugustusBoutellePapers", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Frazier Augustus Boutelle Papers", + "comment": "Collection in Special Collection and University Archives, University of Oregon.", + "date": "active 2013-2014", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/FurlongCharlesWPhotographs", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Furlong (Charles W.) Photographs", + "comment": "Collection in Special Collection and University Archives, University of Oregon.", + "date": "active 2013-2014", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/HartshornFlorenceMPhotographs", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Hartshorn (Florence M.) Photographs", + "comment": "Collection in Special Collection and University Archives, University of Oregon.", + "date": "active 2013-2014", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/MathewsGraysonPhotographs", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mathews (Grayson) Photographs", + "comment": "Collection in Special Collection and University Archives, University of Oregon.", + "date": "active 2013-2014", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/MayoMethotBogartPhotographs", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mayo Methot Bogart Photographs", + "comment": "Collection in Special Collection and University Archives, University of Oregon.", + "date": "active 2013-2014", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/MillsRandallVPhotographs", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Mills (Randall V.) Photographs", + "comment": "Collection in Special Collection and University Archives, University of Oregon.", + "date": "active 2013-2014", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/MoorhouseMajorLeePhotographs", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Moorhouse (Major Lee) Photographs", + "comment": "Collection in Special Collection and University Archives, University of Oregon.", + "date": "active 2013-2014", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/OpalWhiteleyPapers", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Opal Whiteley Papers", + "comment": "Collection in Special Collection and University Archives, University of Oregon.", + "date": "active 2013-2014", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/PowellDanPhotographs", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Powell (Dan) Photographs", + "comment": "Collection in Special Collection and University Archives, University of Oregon.", + "date": "active 2013-2014", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/WarnerGertrudeBassLanternSlides", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Warner (Gertrude Bass) Lantern Slides", + "comment": "Collection in Special Collection and University Archives, University of Oregon.", + "date": "active 2013-2014", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014-05-15", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + +# END BESTOF + + +#begin Sarah's additions + + + +#begin oimb + + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/ARudy", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "A. Rudy", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/AllenBoysBirdPhotographyInc", +"@type": "CorporateName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Allen Boys, Bird Photography, Inc.", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/BMahoney", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "B. Mahoney", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/BMate", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "B. Mate", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/BettyAllen", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Betty Allen", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/BillWick", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bill Wick", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/biologicalillustrations", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "biological illustrations", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/BobGreen", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bob Green", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/BobHoffman", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bob Hoffman", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/BobSommer", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Bob Sommer", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/CHolliday", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "C. Holliday", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/CRay", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "C. Ray", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/CRoye", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "C. Roye", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/CH", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "C.H.", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/CarmanandKusleika", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Carman and Kusleika", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/CarolCross", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Carol Cross", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/CarolinaBiologicalSupplyCo", +"@type": "CorporateName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Carolina Biological Supply Co.", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/CH", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "CH", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/ChrisSchmitt", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chris Schmitt", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/ChuckHolliday", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Chuck Holliday", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/CindySlater", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Cindy Slater", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/DKruse", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "D. Kruse", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/DMunson", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "D. Munson", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/DSpandee", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "D. Spandee", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/DHVaroujean", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "D.H. 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Niesen", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/TNiesento", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "T. Niesento", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/TPhelan", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "T. Phelan", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/T.Waller", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "T. Waller", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/TWayne", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "T. Wayne", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/TN", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "TN", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/TomForgatsch", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tom Forgatsch", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/TomNiesen", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tom Niesen", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/TomPhelan", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Tom Phelan", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/USArmyCorps", +"@type": "CorporateName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "US Army Corps", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/VHeller", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "V. Heller", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/VanceLawry", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "Vance Lawry", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/WBKing", +"@type": "PersonalName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "W.B. King", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + +{ +”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/WestCoastPlanktonStudies", +"@type": "CorporateName", +"definedBy": { +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" +}, +"issued": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +}, +"label": "West Coast Plankton Studies", +"modified": { +"@value": "2014-07-11", +"@type": "date" +} +}, + + + +#end oimb From db439d832595aea1f129ecd574c7732128938a55 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jsimic Date: Mon, 11 Aug 2014 08:35:17 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 183/186] add AAI localCollectionName --- localCollectionName.json | 3097 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-- 1 file changed, 2943 insertions(+), 154 deletions(-) diff --git a/localCollectionName.json b/localCollectionName.json index 082b762..24bdff7 100644 --- a/localCollectionName.json +++ b/localCollectionName.json @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ - - { "@context": { "title": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/title", @@ -17,7 +15,7 @@ "Concept": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept", "@language": "en", "additionalName": "http://schema.org/additionalName", - "alternateName": "https://schema.org/alternateName" + "alternateName": "https://schema.org/alternateName", "PersonalName": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#PersonalName", "CorporateName": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#CorporateName", "Topic": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Topic", @@ -39,7 +37,6 @@ } }, -# BEGIN JSMA { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/VirginiaHaseltineCollection", @@ -59,9 +56,7 @@ "@type": "date" } }, - -# END JSMA -# BEGIN BESTOF + { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/AlbumCollection", @@ -423,19 +418,8 @@ } }, -# END BESTOF - - -#begin Sarah's additions - - - -#begin oimb - - - { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/ARudy", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/ARudy", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -453,7 +437,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/AllenBoysBirdPhotographyInc", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/AllenBoysBirdPhotographyInc", "@type": "CorporateName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -471,7 +455,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/BMahoney", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/BMahoney", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -489,7 +473,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/BMate", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/BMate", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -507,7 +491,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/BettyAllen", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/BettyAllen", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -525,7 +509,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/BillWick", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/BillWick", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -543,7 +527,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/biologicalillustrations", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/biologicalillustrations", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -561,7 +545,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/BobGreen", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/BobGreen", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -579,7 +563,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/BobHoffman", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/BobHoffman", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -597,7 +581,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/BobSommer", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/BobSommer", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -615,7 +599,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/CHolliday", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/CHolliday", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -633,7 +617,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/CRay", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/CRay", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -651,7 +635,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/CRoye", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/CRoye", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -669,7 +653,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/CH", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/CH", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -687,7 +671,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/CarmanandKusleika", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/CarmanandKusleika", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -705,7 +689,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/CarolCross", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/CarolCross", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -723,7 +707,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/CarolinaBiologicalSupplyCo", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/CarolinaBiologicalSupplyCo", "@type": "CorporateName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -741,7 +725,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/CH", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/CH", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -759,7 +743,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/ChrisSchmitt", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/ChrisSchmitt", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -777,7 +761,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/ChuckHolliday", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/ChuckHolliday", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -795,7 +779,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/CindySlater", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/CindySlater", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -813,7 +797,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/DKruse", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/DKruse", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -831,7 +815,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/DMunson", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/DMunson", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -849,7 +833,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/DSpandee", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/DSpandee", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -867,7 +851,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/DHVaroujean", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/DHVaroujean", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -885,7 +869,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/DLS", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/DLS", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -903,7 +887,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/DanJansen", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/DanJansen", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -921,7 +905,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/DavidGraybill", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/DavidGraybill", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -939,7 +923,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/DeBoydLSmith", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/DeBoydLSmith", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -957,7 +941,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/Decherd", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/Decherd", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -975,7 +959,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/Deckard", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/Deckard", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -993,7 +977,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/DHV", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/DHV", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1011,7 +995,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/DouglasFaulkner", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/DouglasFaulkner", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1029,7 +1013,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/DV", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/DV", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1047,7 +1031,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/ELippert", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/ELippert", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1065,7 +1049,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/EileenOlson", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/EileenOlson", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1083,7 +1067,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/EllenMcMahen", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/EllenMcMahen", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1101,7 +1085,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/EvelynMcConnaughey", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/EvelynMcConnaughey", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1119,7 +1103,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/Faulkner", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/Faulkner", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1137,7 +1121,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/FredRoberts", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/FredRoberts", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1155,7 +1139,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/FredTepfer", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/FredTepfer", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1173,7 +1157,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/GinnyAllen", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/GinnyAllen", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1191,7 +1175,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/HeidiMowery", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/HeidiMowery", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1209,7 +1193,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/HoffnagleOlson", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/HoffnagleOlson", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1227,7 +1211,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/HofnagleOlson", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/HofnagleOlson", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1245,7 +1229,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/HollyHall", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/HollyHall", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1263,7 +1247,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/HuntandBroadhurstLtd", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/HuntandBroadhurstLtd", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1281,7 +1265,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/IVAN", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/IVAN", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1299,7 +1283,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JBarclay", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JBarclay", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1317,7 +1301,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JCotlon", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JCotlon", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1335,7 +1319,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JCubit", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JCubit", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1353,7 +1337,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JHanna", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JHanna", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1371,7 +1355,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JHosler", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JHosler", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1389,7 +1373,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JLavelle", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JLavelle", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1407,7 +1391,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JRender", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JRender", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1425,7 +1409,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JShingar", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JShingar", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1443,7 +1427,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JZongker", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JZongker", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1461,7 +1445,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JackKingsbury", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JackKingsbury", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1479,7 +1463,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JackMcKenny", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JackMcKenny", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1497,7 +1481,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JackShininger", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JackShininger", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1515,7 +1499,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JamieFereday", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JamieFereday", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1533,7 +1517,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JB", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JB", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1551,7 +1535,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JH", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JH", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1569,7 +1553,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JimBourquin", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JimBourquin", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1587,7 +1571,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JN", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JN", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1605,7 +1589,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JoAnnMickelson", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JoAnnMickelson", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1623,7 +1607,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JoSalbey", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JoSalbey", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1641,7 +1625,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JoanSalley", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JoanSalley", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1659,7 +1643,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JohnHall", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JohnHall", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1677,7 +1661,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JonDecherd", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JonDecherd", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1695,7 +1679,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JonKretzler", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JonKretzler", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1713,7 +1697,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JulieRing", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/JulieRing", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1731,7 +1715,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/KMorton", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/KMorton", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1749,7 +1733,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/KWinnick", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/KWinnick", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1767,7 +1751,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/KarenOMalley", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/KarenOMalley", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1785,7 +1769,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/KarlFrogner", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/KarlFrogner", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1803,7 +1787,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/KathyKnowles", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/KathyKnowles", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1821,7 +1805,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/KathyTosney", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/KathyTosney", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1839,7 +1823,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/KimBaxter", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/KimBaxter", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1857,7 +1841,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/Kimball", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/Kimball", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1875,7 +1859,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/KristinLarson", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/KristinLarson", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1893,7 +1877,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/LDangott", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/LDangott", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1911,7 +1895,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/LElliott", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/LElliott", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1929,7 +1913,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/LOglesby", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/LOglesby", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1947,7 +1931,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/LarryBlumer", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/LarryBlumer", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1965,7 +1949,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/LCO", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/LCO", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -1983,7 +1967,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/LMB", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/LMB", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2001,7 +1985,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/LynnRudy", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/LynnRudy", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2019,7 +2003,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/MLeitschuh", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/MLeitschuh", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2037,7 +2021,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/MarkGibsonandTN", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/MarkGibsonandTN", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2055,7 +2039,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/McConnaughey", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/McConnaughey", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2073,7 +2057,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/MG", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/MG", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2091,7 +2075,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/MikeGraybill", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/MikeGraybill", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2109,7 +2093,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/mikeR", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/mikeR", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2127,7 +2111,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/Munson", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/Munson", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2145,7 +2129,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/NJambor", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/NJambor", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2163,7 +2147,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/NationalGeographic", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/NationalGeographic", "@type": "CorporateName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2181,7 +2165,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/NBT", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/NBT", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2199,7 +2183,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/NickGrerich", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/NickGrerich", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2217,7 +2201,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/OSUSeaGrantCorvallisOR", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/OSUSeaGrantCorvallisOR", "@type": "CorporateName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2235,7 +2219,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/OxfordScientificFilms", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/OxfordScientificFilms", "@type": "CorporateName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2253,7 +2237,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/PFrank", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/PFrank", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2271,7 +2255,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/PatBarnhart", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/PatBarnhart", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2289,7 +2273,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/PPRPaulRudy", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/PPRPaulRudy", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2307,7 +2291,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/RIngerman", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/RIngerman", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2325,7 +2309,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/RMcLean", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/RMcLean", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2343,7 +2327,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/RSummerfelt", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/RSummerfelt", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2361,7 +2345,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/RLPitman", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/RLPitman", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2379,7 +2363,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/RCT", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/RCT", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2397,7 +2381,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/RI", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/RI", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2415,7 +2399,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/RichardCastenholz", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/RichardCastenholz", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2433,7 +2417,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/RLP", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/RLP", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2451,7 +2435,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/RLV", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/RLV", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2469,7 +2453,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/RogerBlythe", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/RogerBlythe", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2487,7 +2471,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/RonPummer", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/RonPummer", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2505,7 +2489,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/RUSH", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/RUSH", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2523,7 +2507,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/RussHoelzel", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/RussHoelzel", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2541,7 +2525,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/SPalchick", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/SPalchick", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2559,7 +2543,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/Smithsonian", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/Smithsonian", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2577,7 +2561,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/SteveJohnson", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/SteveJohnson", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2595,7 +2579,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/SteveJohnsons", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/SteveJohnsons", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2613,7 +2597,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/TNiesen", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/TNiesen", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2631,7 +2615,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/TNiesento", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/TNiesento", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2649,7 +2633,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/TPhelan", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/TPhelan", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2667,7 +2651,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/T.Waller", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/T.Waller", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2685,7 +2669,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/TWayne", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/TWayne", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2703,7 +2687,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/TN", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/TN", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2721,7 +2705,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/TomForgatsch", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/TomForgatsch", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2739,7 +2723,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/TomNiesen", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/TomNiesen", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2757,7 +2741,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/TomPhelan", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/TomPhelan", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2775,7 +2759,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/USArmyCorps", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/USArmyCorps", "@type": "CorporateName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2793,7 +2777,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/VHeller", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/VHeller", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2811,7 +2795,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/VanceLawry", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/VanceLawry", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2829,7 +2813,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/WBKing", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/WBKing", "@type": "PersonalName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2847,7 +2831,7 @@ { -”@id”: “http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/WestCoastPlanktonStudies", +"@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/localCollectionName/WestCoastPlanktonStudies", "@type": "CorporateName", "definedBy": { "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" @@ -2862,7 +2846,2812 @@ "@type": "date" } }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/ADeanMcKenzieCollection", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "A. Dean McKenzie Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/AlbertOliverBiggerstaffCollection", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Albert Oliver Biggerstaff Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/AmericanPublicSculpture16781951", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "American Public Sculpture: 1678-1951", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/AndrewMorroghCollection", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Andrew Morrogh Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/ArchivisionAdditionalModuleEIGHT", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Archivision Additional Module EIGHT", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/ArchivisionAdditionalModuleFIVE", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Archivision Additional Module FIVE", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/ArchivisionAdditionalModuleFOUR", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Archivision Additional Module FOUR", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/ArchivisionAdditionalModuleONE", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Archivision Additional Module ONE", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/ArchivisionAdditionalmoduleSEVEN", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Archivision Additional module SEVEN", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/ArchivisionAdditionalModuleSIX", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Archivision Additional Module SIX", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/ArchivisionAdditionalModuleTHREE", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Archivision Additional Module THREE", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/ArchivisionAdditionalModuleTWO", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Archivision Additional Module TWO", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/ArchivisionBASECollection", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Archivision BASE Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/ArtHistoryDepartmentCollection", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Art History Department Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/ArtInPublicTransitSeattleUSA", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Art In Public Transit: Seattle, USA", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/ArthurRayGilmoreCollection", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Arthur 'Ray' Gilmore Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/BakerLightingSet", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Baker Lighting Set", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/BarbaraHoughtonCollection", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Barbara Houghton Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/BarcelonaArtinPublicPlaces", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Barcelona: Art in Public Places", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, -#end oimb + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/BarcelonaContemporaryArchitecture", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Barcelona: Contemporary Architecture", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/BarcelonaModernismeandGaudí", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Barcelona: Modernisme and Gaudí", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/BarcelonaPlazasParksandPromenades", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Barcelona: Plazas, Parks and Promenades", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/BarnhartRichardM", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Barnhart, Richard M.", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/BernardFreemesserCollection", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bernard Freemesser Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/BernardMcTigueCollection", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Bernard McTigue Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/CarolynSenftCollection", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Carolyn Senft Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/CharlesGilmanDavisCollection", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Charles Gilman Davis Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/CharlesTandCharleneLeFebreCollection", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Charles T. and Charlene LeFebre Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/ChicagoSurveyofContemporaryPublicSculpture", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Chicago: Survey of Contemporary Public Sculpture", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/ChristineSundtCollection", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Christine Sundt Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/ChristineTheodoropoulosCollection", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Christine Theodoropoulos Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/CollaborationsArtistsArchitectsandDesigners", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Collaborations: Artists, Architects and Designers", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/ContemporaryMuralsinAmerica", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Contemporary Murals in America", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/ContemporaryNativeAmericanArt", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Contemporary Native American Art", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/CynthiaLewisBerryCollection", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Cynthia Lewis-Berry Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/DaivdABainbridgeCollection", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Daivd A. Bainbridge Collection", + "comment": "Local division that reflects gift collections, donations and/or major purchased additions to the Visual Resources Collections or Oregon Digital.", + "modified": { + "@value": "2014_07-10", + "@type": "date" + } + }, + + { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/ns/sourceCollection/DanielMHerbertCollection", + "@type": "Concept", + "definedBy": { + "@id": "http://opaquenamespace.org/VOCAB_PLACEHOLDER.nt" + }, + "issued": { + "@value": "2014-07-10", + "@type": "date" + }, + "label": "Daniel M. 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From: jsimic Date: Mon, 11 Aug 2014 10:43:44 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 186/186] add AAI etc mapping to master --- lowenstam_mappings.yml | 58 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ mappings_archivision.yml | 70 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ mappings_artimages.yml | 70 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ mappings_artlicensed.yml | 70 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 268 insertions(+) create mode 100644 lowenstam_mappings.yml create mode 100644 mappings_archivision.yml create mode 100644 mappings_artimages.yml create mode 100644 mappings_artlicensed.yml diff --git a/lowenstam_mappings.yml b/lowenstam_mappings.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1a726f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/lowenstam_mappings.yml @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/terms/" + dcterms: "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" + bibo: "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/" + foaf: "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" + geo: "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" + frbr: "http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/" + mads: "http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#" + marcrel: "http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/" + modsrdf: "http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/modsrdf/v1/" + premis: "http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v1#" + oregon: "http://tom.oregonstate.edu/" + vra: “http://purl.org/vra/” + swpo: "http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal#" # do we need this? + schema: "http://schema.org/" + iol: "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/IOLite.owl#" + daia: "http://uri.gbv.de/ontology/daia/" + exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns" + + # + # artimages + # +title: dct:title +worka: dct:title +view: oregon:cco/viewDescription +agent: dct:creator +agenta: oregon:cco/creatorDisplay +date: dct:date +materi: vra:materials +measur: vra:measurements +style: vra:stylePeriod +cultur: vra:culture +work: vra:workType +locati: method:geographic +reposa: vra:idCurrentRepository +inscri: vra:inscription +descri: dct:description +state: dct:description +relati: dct:relation +text: dct:description +collec: dct:isPartOf +photog: mrel:pht +photo: oregon:cco/viewDate +box: daia:label +boxa: dct:subject +sectio: dct:subject +identi: dct:identifier +rights: dct: rights +record: #SKIP +type: mime:type +metada: #SKIP +digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +contri: oregon:contributingInstitution + + diff --git a/mappings_archivision.yml b/mappings_archivision.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f9f21df --- /dev/null +++ b/mappings_archivision.yml @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ + + rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/terms/" + dcterms: "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" + bibo: "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/" + foaf: "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" + geo: "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" + frbr: "http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/" + mads: "http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#" + marcrel: "http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/" + modsrdf: "http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/modsrdf/v1/" + premis: "http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v1#" + oregon: "http://tom.oregonstate.edu/" + vra: “http://purl.org/vra/” + swpo: "http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal#" # do we need this? + schema: "http://schema.org/" + iol: "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/IOLite.owl#" + daia: "http://uri.gbv.de/ontology/daia/" + exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns" + + # + # archivision + # +title: dct:title +view: oregon:cco/viewDescription +agent: oregon:cco/creatorDisplay +creato: dct:creator +creata: dct:creator +date: dct:date +earlie: cco/earliestDate +latest: cco/latestDate +materi: vra:materials +measur: vra:measurements +style: vra:stylePeriod +cultur: vra:culture +reposi: dct:source #or mrel:rps +reposa: vra:idCurrentRepository +city: method:geographic +countr: method:geographic +site: dct:spatial +work: vra:workType +inscri: vra:inscription +subjec: dct:subject +notes: dct:description +descri: dct:description +state: vra:stateEdition +relati: dct:relation +larger: dct:isPartOf +source: dct:source +sourca: #SKIP source caption +sourcb: dct:isPartOf +sourcc: #SKIP, same as identifier +vrc: daia:label +rights: dct: rights +record: #SKIP +type: mime:type +identi: dct:identifier +vrca: daia:label +course: modsrdf:note #or skip +sessio: #SKIP +projec: #SKIP +projea: #SKIP +catalo: #SKIP +metada: #SKIP +keywor: dct:subject +digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +contri: oregon:contributingInstitution diff --git a/mappings_artimages.yml b/mappings_artimages.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..def03ba --- /dev/null +++ b/mappings_artimages.yml @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ + + rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/terms/" + dcterms: "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" + bibo: "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/" + foaf: "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" + geo: "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" + frbr: "http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/" + mads: "http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#" + marcrel: "http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/" + modsrdf: "http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/modsrdf/v1/" + premis: "http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v1#" + oregon: "http://tom.oregonstate.edu/" + vra: “http://purl.org/vra/” + swpo: "http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal#" # do we need this? + schema: "http://schema.org/" + iol: "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/IOLite.owl#" + daia: "http://uri.gbv.de/ontology/daia/" + exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns" + + # + # artimages + # +title: dct:title +view: oregon:cco/viewDescription +agent: oregon:cco/creatorDisplay +creato: dct:creator +creata: dct:creator +date: dct:date +earlie: cco/earliestDate +latest: cco/latestDate +materi: vra:materials +measur: vra:measurements +style: vra:stylePeriod +cultur: vra:culture +reposi: dct:source #or mrel:rps +reposa: vra:idCurrentRepository +city: method:geographic +country: method:geographic +site: dct:spatial +work: vra:workType +inscri: vra:inscription +subjec: dct:subject +notes: dct:description +descri: dct:description +state: vra:stateEdition +relati: dct:relation +larger: dct:isPartOf +source: dct:source +sourca: #SKIP source caption +sourcb: dct:isPartOf +sourcc: #SKIP source id, only useful for Meggs set of >50 images +vrc: daia:label +rights: dct: rights +record: #SKIP +type: mime:type +identi: dct:identifier +vrca: daia:label +course: modsrdf:note #or skip +sessio: #SKIP +projec: #SKIP +projea: #SKIP +catalo: #SKIP +metada: #SKIP +keywor: dct:subject +digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +contri: oregon:contributingInstitution diff --git a/mappings_artlicensed.yml b/mappings_artlicensed.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0e818ab --- /dev/null +++ b/mappings_artlicensed.yml @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ + + rdf: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + rdfs: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + owl: "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" + skos: "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + dct: "http://purl.org/dc/terms/" + dcterms: "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" + bibo: "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/" + foaf: "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" + geo: "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" + frbr: "http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/" + mads: "http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#" + marcrel: "http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/" + modsrdf: "http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/modsrdf/v1/" + premis: "http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v1#" + oregon: "http://tom.oregonstate.edu/" + vra: “http://purl.org/vra/” + swpo: "http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal#" # do we need this? + schema: "http://schema.org/" + iol: "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/IOLite.owl#" + daia: "http://uri.gbv.de/ontology/daia/" + exif: "http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns" + + # + # artlicensed + # +title: dct:title +view: oregon:cco/viewDescription +agent: oregon:cco/creatorDisplay +creato: dct:creator +creata: dct:creator +date: dct:date +earlie: cco/earliestDate +latest: cco/latestDate +materi: vra:materials +measur: vra:measurements +style: vra:stylePeriod +cultur: vra:culture +reposi: dct:source #or mrel:rps +reposa: vra:idCurrentRepository +city: method:geographic +countr: method:geographic +site: dct:spatial +work: vra:workType +inscri: vra:inscription +subjec: dct:subject +notes: dct:description +descri: dct:description +state: vra:stateEdition +relati: dct:relation +larger: dct:isPartOf +source: dct:source +sourca: #SKIP source caption +sourcb: dct:isPartOf +sourcc: dct:identifier #not necessarily the same as identifier +vrc: daia:label +rights: dct: rights +record: #SKIP +type: mime:type +identi: dct:identifier +vrca: daia:label +course: modsrdf:note #or skip +sessio: #SKIP +projec: #SKIP +projea: #SKIP +catalo: #SKIP +metada: #SKIP +keywor: dct:subject +digita: oregon:isPartOf/set +contri: oregon:contributingInstitution