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ESP8266 Wardriving

A compilation of scripts and resources for wardriving on the ESP8266 WiFi microcontroller, including data visualization tools in Jupyter Notebook.

Documentation on this page is still in development.

Components

Any ESP8266-based board should work with the basic required components, but the D1 mini form factor is highly recommended since using modules (such as for SD logging + battery management) can be done using plug-and-play hardware in a small footprint. All linked components are D1 mini compatible.

Required Components:

Component Purpose
ESP8266 Gather WiFi data & control hardware modules
SD Reader Store data that we can analyze with WiGLE / Python
GPS Module Grab geolocation data + timestamp

Optional Components:

Component Purpose
128x64 OLED Get a visual display of WiFi data being captured
LiPo Battery Power your ESP8266 for portable applications
Battery Module Manage power for your ESP8266 w/ a LiPo battery
100K Ω Resistor Optional to read in battery level w/ the D1 Mini

Hardware Setup

SD Reader Module

SD Reader Pin ESP8266 GPIO D1 Mini Pin
MISO GPIO12 D6
MOSI GPIO13 D7
SCK GPIO14 D5
CS GPIO15 D8

GPS Module

GPS Pin ESP8266 GPIO D1 Mini Pin
TX GPIO2 D4
RX GPIO0 D3

Data Visualization Scripts

Additional Boards Manager URL https://arduino.esp8266.com/stable/package_esp8266com_index.json

Data Visualization Tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFHUPs51CRQ

Code Breakdownn

Here's a breakdown of the code:

The Arduino sketch written for an ESP8266-based device. It involves using various libraries to perform tasks such as displaying information on an SSD1306 OLED screen, connecting to Wi-Fi networks, reading GPS data using TinyGPS++, and logging network information to an SD card.

Here's a breakdown of the code:

  1. Library inclusions:

    • Adafruit_SSD1306.h: Library for controlling the SSD1306 OLED display.
    • ESP8266WiFi.h: Library for connecting to Wi-Fi networks using the ESP8266 module.
    • SD.h: Library for interacting with SD cards.
    • SoftwareSerial.h: Library for software-based serial communication.
    • TinyGPS++.h: Library for parsing NMEA data from GPS modules.
    • TimeLib.h: Library for time-related functions.

  2. Definitions and global variables:

    • UTC_offset: The offset in hours from UTC time to the local time zone (in this case, PDT, which is UTC-7).
    • SD_CS: The pin number for the chip select line of the SD card module.
    • logFileName: The name of the log file to be created on the SD card.
    • networks: A counter variable to keep track of the number of Wi-Fi networks found.
    • LOG_RATE: The time interval (in milliseconds) for logging network information.
    • currentTime: A character array used to store the current time.

  3. Setup function:

    • Initializes the serial communication for debugging purposes.
    • Sets up the SSD1306 display.
    • Configures Wi-Fi in station mode and disconnects any previous connections.
    • Initializes the SD card and checks if it is present. If not found, it halts the execution.
    • Initializes the software serial communication with the GPS module.
    • Waits for the GPS module to provide a valid fix.
    • Displays the GPS coordinates on the OLED screen.
    • Clears the display.

  4. lookForNetworks function:

    • Updates the current time on the OLED display.
    • Draws lines to separate the time display from the network information.
    • Scans for available Wi-Fi networks.
    • If networks are found, it loops through each network, updates the OLED display, and logs the BSSID and SSID of the network to the SD card.

Updates the current time on the OLED display. Draws lines to separate the time display from the network information. Scans for available Wi-Fi networks. If networks are found, it loops through each network, updates the OLED display, and logs the BSSID and SSID of the network to the SD card.