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<h2>Cybersecurity Research for Science and Energy at the Berkeley Lab</h2>
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<p>Berkeley Lab <a href="https://crd.lbl.gov" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Computing Sciences Research</a> performs extensive research in cybersecurity. Its mission-driven emphasis focuses on <a href="/research/research-cyberinfrastructure">security for science, including high-performance computing, high-throughput networking environments, and research intrumentation</a>; <a href="/research/ceds/">security of cyber-physical systems</a>, notably in the power grid; and security of <a href="https://secpriv.lbl.gov/tag/nuclear-treaty-assurance/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">nuclear arms control monitoring systems</a>. These projects include collaborations with numerous other academic, National Lab, and industry partners. Recent research sponsors have included the <a href="https://www.energy.gov" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Department of Energy (DOE)</a> <a href="https://science.osti.gov/ascr/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR)</a> and <a href="https://www.energy.gov/ceser/activities/cybersecurity-critical-energy-infrastructure/cybersecurity-research-development-and" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Cybersecurity for Energy Delivery Systems (CEDS) research</a> programs, the <a href="https://nnsa.energy.gov" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)</a>, the <a href="https://www.nsf.gov" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Science Foundation (NSF)</a> <a href="https://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?from=fund&orgAbbr=NSF&pims_id=504709" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Secure and Trustworthy Computing (SaTC)</a> program and <a href="https://www.nsf.gov/div/index.jsp?div=OAC" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure (OAC)</a>, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security’s <a href="https://www.dhs.gov/science-and-technology" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Science and Technology Directorate</a>, and the <a href="https://www.nsa.gov" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Security Agency</a>. </p>
<p>Berkeley Lab’s cybersecurity goals are to research, develop, evaluate, adapt, and integrate advanced security and privacy solutions that enable or improve scientific workflows that may otherwise not be possible due to real or perceived security restrictions that, using today’s solution, impose onerous usability and/or performance constraints, thereby hindering effective solutions.</p>
<p>Berkeley Lab has had a leadership role in security in scientific computing environments and research cyberinfrastructure for many years, including the development of the <a href="https://www.zeek.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Zeek (Bro) Network Security Monitor</a>, as well as leading several DOE-sponsored activities related to defining a cybersecurity research program within the DOE. <!--More recently, Berkeley Lab led the coordination of the ["Cyber research" Enterprise Cyber Capability (ECC)][iJC3] of the DOE-wide Integrated Joint Cybersecurity Coordination Center (iJC3) — a sponsored research program involving ten DOE National Laboratories as performers.--> Berkeley Lab is the lead institution of <a href="https://secpriv.lbl.gov/project/nsf-trustedci/">Trusted CI, the NSF Cybersecurity Center of Excellence</a>.</p>
<p>Recent highlights of LBNL Computing Sciences’ cybersecurity research activities include:</p>
<!--
* Developing findings reports and solutions guides for [scientific data integrity](http://hdl.handle.net/2022/24910), [scientific data confidentiality](https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7cz7m1ws), [software assurance in science](https://blog.trustedci.org/2021/12/publication-of-trusted-ci-guide-to.html), the [security of operational technology in science](https://blog.trustedci.org/2022/01/announcing-2022-trusted-ci-annual.html), and [building security into maritime and polar NSF Major Facilities by design](https://blog.trustedci.org/2023/01/announcing-2023-trusted-ci-annual.htm).
* Development of [secure computation architectures](https://secpriv.lbl.gov/project/desc/) optimized for scientific computing to ensure trustworthiness of scientific data from the edge to the HPC center.
* Development and application of differential privacy to [power grid](https://secpriv.lbl.gov/project/ceds-privacy/) and [vehicle mobility](https://secpriv.lbl.gov/project/csr-private-data/) data and applications.
* Development of security monitoring systems for cyber-physical systems that [integrate insights about the physical limitations of those systems into network security monitoring](https://secpriv.lbl.gov/project/ceds-cps-security/) and that [leverage high-resolution physical sensors combined with SCADA to identify cyberattacks on power grid distribution systems](https://secpriv.lbl.gov/project/ceds-upmu/).
* Co-leading the development of the [Open Science Cyber Risk Profile (OSCRP)](http://trustedci.github.io/OSCRP/) --- a document designed to help researchers understand the cyber risks to their work.
* Development of the [Medical Science DMZ](https://secpriv.lbl.gov/project/medical-science-dmz/) design pattern as a method that allows data flows at scale while simultaneously addressing the HIPAA Security Rule and related regulations governing biomedical data and appropriately managing risk.
-->
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<p>Leading studies into <a href="http://hdl.handle.net/2022/24910" target="_blank" rel="noopener">scientific data integrity</a>, <a href="https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7cz7m1ws" target="_blank" rel="noopener">scientific data confidentiality</a>, and <a href="https://blog.trustedci.org/2021/12/publication-of-trusted-ci-guide-to.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">software assurance in science</a>, <a href="https://blog.trustedci.org/2022/01/announcing-2022-trusted-ci-annual.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">operational technology in science</a>, and <a href="https://blog.trustedci.org/2023/01/announcing-2023-trusted-ci-annual.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">building security into NSF Major Facilities by design</a>. ⇒ The latter is directly impacting design, construction, and operations of the <a href="https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/design-worlds-first-hydrogen-hybrid-research-vessel-approved" target="_blank" rel="noopener">California Coastal Research Vessel</a>, the NSF <a href="https://ceoas.oregonstate.edu/regional-class-research-vessel-rcrv" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Regional Class Research Vessels</a>, <a href="https://www.usap.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">U.S. Antarctic Program’s</a> <a href="https://future.usap.gov/arv/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">$1B icebreaker</a>, and <a href="https://oceanobservatories.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ocean Observatory Initiatives</a>’ replacement of hundreds of underwater autonomous vehicles.</p>
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<p>Developed definitions and research roadmaps for <a href="https://secpriv.lbl.gov/project/ascr-hpc-cybersecurity-codesign/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">hardware/software co-design of future HPC systems</a>, high-throughput networks, and networked scientific instruments to build cybersecurity in by design. ⇒ Led directly to HPC cybersecurity elements of DOE funding solicitations and has been central to <a href="https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/high-performance-computing-security" target="_blank" rel="noopener">NIST HPC Security working group</a>.</p>
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<p>Development of <a href="https://secpriv.lbl.gov/project/desc/">secure computation architectures</a> optimized for scientific computing to ensure trustworthiness of scientific data from the edge to the HPC center.</p>
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<p>Development and application of differential privacy to <a href="https://secpriv.lbl.gov/project/ceds-privacy/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">power grid</a> and <a href="https://secpriv.lbl.gov/project/csr-private-data/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">vehicle mobility</a> data and applications ⇒ The DOE Office of <a href="https://www.energy.gov/ceser/office-cybersecurity-energy-security-and-emergency-response" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response (CESER)</a> is seeking to deploy the former operationally and the latter has already enabled mobility research otherwise not possible due to data sharing restrictions.</p>
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<p>Developed the first practical approaches to <a href="https://secpriv.lbl.gov/project/ceds-cps-security/">integrate physics of operational technology in the power grid with intrusion detection</a> to ensure their secure operation. ⇒ Now broadly used in applied research efforts globally, and appear in DOE funding solicitations and Congressional budget appropriations.</p>
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<p>Co-leading the <em><a href="http://trustedci.github.io/OSCRP/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Open Science Cyber Risk Profile (OSCRP)</a></em> working group — an approach to help research cyberinfrastructure operators understand cyber risks. ⇒ Now a recommended reference in all <a href="https://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=505159" target="_blank" rel="noopener">NSF CICI solicitations</a> since 2018 and the <a href="https://www.nsf.gov/publications/pub_summ.jsp?ods_key=nsf21107" target="_blank" rel="noopener">NSF Research Infrastructure Guide (RIG) (21-107, Dec. 2021)</a>.</p>
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