diff --git a/examples/kinetic-electrons/wall-bc_recyclefraction0.5_split3_kinetic-coarse_tails-KennedyCarpenterARK324-wall-Jac.toml b/examples/kinetic-electrons/wall-bc_recyclefraction0.5_split3_kinetic-coarse_tails-KennedyCarpenterARK324-wall-Jac.toml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9fba1454d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/kinetic-electrons/wall-bc_recyclefraction0.5_split3_kinetic-coarse_tails-KennedyCarpenterARK324-wall-Jac.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+[r]
+ngrid = 1
+nelement = 1
+
+[evolve_moments]
+parallel_pressure = true
+density = true
+moments_conservation = true
+parallel_flow = true
+
+[reactions]
+electron_ionization_frequency = 0.0
+ionization_frequency = 0.5
+charge_exchange_frequency = 0.75
+
+[vz]
+ngrid = 6
+discretization = "gausslegendre_pseudospectral"
+nelement = 31
+L = 36.0
+element_spacing_option = "coarse_tails"
+bc = "zero"
+
+[ion_species_1]
+initial_temperature = 0.1
+initial_density = 1.0
+
+[krook_collisions]
+use_krook = true
+
+[vpa]
+ngrid = 6
+discretization = "gausslegendre_pseudospectral"
+nelement = 31
+L = 30.0
+element_spacing_option = "coarse_tails"
+bc = "zero"
+
+[z]
+ngrid = 5
+discretization = "gausslegendre_pseudospectral"
+nelement = 32
+nelement_local = 4
+bc = "wall"
+element_spacing_option = "sqrt"
+
+[vpa_IC_ion_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+density_amplitude = 1.0
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = 0.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[z_IC_neutral_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_amplitude = 0.001
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = -1.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[composition]
+T_wall = 0.1
+T_e = 0.2
+electron_physics = "kinetic_electrons"
+recycling_fraction = 0.5
+n_ion_species = 1
+n_neutral_species = 1
+
+[vz_IC_neutral_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+density_amplitude = 1.0
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = 0.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[z_IC_ion_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+density_amplitude = 0.001
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = 1.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[neutral_species_1]
+initial_temperature = 1.0
+initial_density = 1.0
+
+[timestepping]
+type = "KennedyCarpenterARK324"
+implicit_electron_advance = false
+implicit_electron_ppar = true
+implicit_ion_advance = false
+implicit_vpa_advection = false
+nstep = 1000000
+dt = 1.0e-5
+nwrite = 1000
+nwrite_dfns = 1000
+steady_state_residual = true
+converged_residual_value = 1.0e-3
+
+#write_after_fixed_step_count = true
+#nstep = 1
+#nwrite = 1
+#nwrite_dfns = 1
+
+[electron_timestepping]
+nstep = 5000000
+#nstep = 1
+dt = 1.0e-5
+#maximum_dt = 1.0e-8
+nwrite = 10000
+nwrite_dfns = 100000
+#type = "SSPRK4"
+type = "Fekete4(3)"
+rtol = 1.0e-3
+atol = 1.0e-14
+minimum_dt = 1.0e-9
+decrease_dt_iteration_threshold = 100
+increase_dt_iteration_threshold = 20
+cap_factor_ion_dt = 10.0
+initialization_residual_value = 2.5
+converged_residual_value = 1.0e-2
+include_wall_bc_in_preconditioner = true
+
+#debug_io = 1
+
+[nonlinear_solver]
+nonlinear_max_iterations = 100
+rtol = 1.0e-6 #1.0e-8
+atol = 1.0e-14 #1.0e-16
+linear_restart = 5
+preconditioner_update_interval = 100
+
+[ion_source_1]
+active = true
+z_profile = "gaussian"
+z_width = 0.125
+source_strength = 2.0
+source_T = 2.0
+
+[ion_numerical_dissipation]
+#vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-1
+#vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-2
+#vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-3
+force_minimum_pdf_value = 0.0
+
+[electron_numerical_dissipation]
+vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 2.0
+force_minimum_pdf_value = 0.0
+
+[neutral_numerical_dissipation]
+#vz_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-1
+#vz_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-2
+#vz_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-3
+force_minimum_pdf_value = 0.0
diff --git a/examples/kinetic-electrons/wall-bc_recyclefraction0.5_split3_kinetic-coarse_tails-KennedyCarpenterARK324.toml b/examples/kinetic-electrons/wall-bc_recyclefraction0.5_split3_kinetic-coarse_tails-KennedyCarpenterARK324.toml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f7bba1bfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/kinetic-electrons/wall-bc_recyclefraction0.5_split3_kinetic-coarse_tails-KennedyCarpenterARK324.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+[r]
+ngrid = 1
+nelement = 1
+
+[evolve_moments]
+parallel_pressure = true
+density = true
+moments_conservation = true
+parallel_flow = true
+
+[reactions]
+electron_ionization_frequency = 0.0
+ionization_frequency = 0.5
+charge_exchange_frequency = 0.75
+
+[vz]
+ngrid = 6
+discretization = "gausslegendre_pseudospectral"
+nelement = 31
+L = 36.0
+element_spacing_option = "coarse_tails"
+bc = "zero"
+
+[ion_species_1]
+initial_temperature = 0.1
+initial_density = 1.0
+
+[krook_collisions]
+use_krook = true
+
+[vpa]
+ngrid = 6
+discretization = "gausslegendre_pseudospectral"
+nelement = 31
+L = 30.0
+element_spacing_option = "coarse_tails"
+bc = "zero"
+
+[z]
+ngrid = 5
+discretization = "gausslegendre_pseudospectral"
+nelement = 32
+nelement_local = 4
+bc = "wall"
+element_spacing_option = "sqrt"
+
+[vpa_IC_ion_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+density_amplitude = 1.0
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = 0.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[z_IC_neutral_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_amplitude = 0.001
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = -1.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[composition]
+T_wall = 0.1
+T_e = 0.2
+electron_physics = "kinetic_electrons"
+recycling_fraction = 0.5
+n_ion_species = 1
+n_neutral_species = 1
+
+[vz_IC_neutral_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+density_amplitude = 1.0
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = 0.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[z_IC_ion_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+density_amplitude = 0.001
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = 1.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[neutral_species_1]
+initial_temperature = 1.0
+initial_density = 1.0
+
+[timestepping]
+type = "KennedyCarpenterARK324"
+implicit_electron_advance = false
+implicit_electron_ppar = true
+implicit_ion_advance = false
+implicit_vpa_advection = false
+nstep = 1000000
+dt = 1.0e-5
+nwrite = 1000
+nwrite_dfns = 1000
+steady_state_residual = true
+converged_residual_value = 1.0e-3
+
+#write_after_fixed_step_count = true
+#nstep = 1
+#nwrite = 1
+#nwrite_dfns = 1
+
+[electron_timestepping]
+nstep = 5000000
+#nstep = 1
+dt = 1.0e-5
+#maximum_dt = 1.0e-8
+nwrite = 10000
+nwrite_dfns = 100000
+#type = "SSPRK4"
+type = "Fekete4(3)"
+rtol = 1.0e-3
+atol = 1.0e-14
+minimum_dt = 1.0e-9
+decrease_dt_iteration_threshold = 100
+increase_dt_iteration_threshold = 20
+cap_factor_ion_dt = 10.0
+initialization_residual_value = 2.5
+converged_residual_value = 1.0e-2
+
+#debug_io = 1
+
+[nonlinear_solver]
+nonlinear_max_iterations = 100
+rtol = 1.0e-6 #1.0e-8
+atol = 1.0e-14 #1.0e-16
+linear_restart = 5
+preconditioner_update_interval = 100
+
+[ion_source_1]
+active = true
+z_profile = "gaussian"
+z_width = 0.125
+source_strength = 2.0
+source_T = 2.0
+
+[ion_numerical_dissipation]
+#vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-1
+#vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-2
+#vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-3
+force_minimum_pdf_value = 0.0
+
+[electron_numerical_dissipation]
+vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 2.0
+force_minimum_pdf_value = 0.0
+
+[neutral_numerical_dissipation]
+#vz_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-1
+#vz_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-2
+#vz_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-3
+force_minimum_pdf_value = 0.0
diff --git a/examples/kinetic-electrons/wall-bc_recyclefraction0.5_split3_kinetic-coarse_tails-compressed-z-KennedyCarpenterARK324-wall-Jac.toml b/examples/kinetic-electrons/wall-bc_recyclefraction0.5_split3_kinetic-coarse_tails-compressed-z-KennedyCarpenterARK324-wall-Jac.toml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4f1c6a59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/kinetic-electrons/wall-bc_recyclefraction0.5_split3_kinetic-coarse_tails-compressed-z-KennedyCarpenterARK324-wall-Jac.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+[r]
+ngrid = 1
+nelement = 1
+
+[evolve_moments]
+parallel_pressure = true
+density = true
+moments_conservation = true
+parallel_flow = true
+
+[reactions]
+electron_ionization_frequency = 0.0
+ionization_frequency = 0.5
+charge_exchange_frequency = 0.75
+
+[vz]
+ngrid = 6
+discretization = "gausslegendre_pseudospectral"
+nelement = 31
+L = 36.0
+element_spacing_option = "coarse_tails"
+bc = "zero"
+
+[ion_species_1]
+initial_temperature = 0.1
+initial_density = 1.0
+
+[krook_collisions]
+use_krook = true
+
+[vpa]
+ngrid = 6
+discretization = "gausslegendre_pseudospectral"
+nelement = 31
+L = 30.0
+element_spacing_option = "coarse_tails"
+bc = "zero"
+
+[z]
+ngrid = 5
+discretization = "gausslegendre_pseudospectral"
+nelement = 32
+nelement_local = 4
+bc = "wall"
+element_spacing_option = "compressed_2"
+
+[vpa_IC_ion_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+density_amplitude = 1.0
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = 0.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[z_IC_neutral_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_amplitude = 0.001
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = -1.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[composition]
+T_wall = 0.1
+T_e = 0.2
+electron_physics = "kinetic_electrons"
+recycling_fraction = 0.5
+n_ion_species = 1
+n_neutral_species = 1
+
+[vz_IC_neutral_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+density_amplitude = 1.0
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = 0.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[z_IC_ion_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+density_amplitude = 0.001
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = 1.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[neutral_species_1]
+initial_temperature = 1.0
+initial_density = 1.0
+
+[timestepping]
+type = "KennedyCarpenterARK324"
+implicit_electron_advance = false
+implicit_electron_ppar = true
+implicit_ion_advance = false
+implicit_vpa_advection = false
+nstep = 1000000
+dt = 1.0e-5
+maximum_dt = 1.0e-5
+nwrite = 1000
+nwrite_dfns = 1000
+steady_state_residual = true
+converged_residual_value = 1.0e-3
+
+#write_after_fixed_step_count = true
+#nstep = 1
+#nwrite = 1
+#nwrite_dfns = 1
+
+[electron_timestepping]
+nstep = 5000000
+#nstep = 1
+dt = 1.0e-5
+#maximum_dt = 1.0e-8
+nwrite = 10000
+nwrite_dfns = 100000
+#type = "SSPRK4"
+type = "Fekete4(3)"
+rtol = 1.0e-3
+atol = 1.0e-14
+minimum_dt = 1.0e-9
+decrease_dt_iteration_threshold = 100
+increase_dt_iteration_threshold = 20
+cap_factor_ion_dt = 10.0
+initialization_residual_value = 2.5
+converged_residual_value = 1.0e-2
+include_wall_bc_in_preconditioner = true
+
+#debug_io = 1
+
+[nonlinear_solver]
+nonlinear_max_iterations = 100
+rtol = 1.0e-6 #1.0e-8
+atol = 1.0e-14 #1.0e-16
+linear_restart = 5
+preconditioner_update_interval = 100
+
+[ion_source_1]
+active = true
+z_profile = "gaussian"
+z_width = 0.125
+source_strength = 2.0
+source_T = 2.0
+
+[ion_numerical_dissipation]
+#vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-1
+#vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-2
+#vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-3
+force_minimum_pdf_value = 0.0
+
+[electron_numerical_dissipation]
+#vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 2.0
+force_minimum_pdf_value = 0.0
+
+[neutral_numerical_dissipation]
+#vz_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-1
+#vz_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-2
+#vz_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-3
+force_minimum_pdf_value = 0.0
diff --git a/examples/kinetic-electrons/wall-bc_recyclefraction0.5_split3_kinetic-coarse_tails-compressed-z-KennedyCarpenterARK324.toml b/examples/kinetic-electrons/wall-bc_recyclefraction0.5_split3_kinetic-coarse_tails-compressed-z-KennedyCarpenterARK324.toml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9fbb70e16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/kinetic-electrons/wall-bc_recyclefraction0.5_split3_kinetic-coarse_tails-compressed-z-KennedyCarpenterARK324.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+[r]
+ngrid = 1
+nelement = 1
+
+[evolve_moments]
+parallel_pressure = true
+density = true
+moments_conservation = true
+parallel_flow = true
+
+[reactions]
+electron_ionization_frequency = 0.0
+ionization_frequency = 0.5
+charge_exchange_frequency = 0.75
+
+[vz]
+ngrid = 6
+discretization = "gausslegendre_pseudospectral"
+nelement = 31
+L = 36.0
+element_spacing_option = "coarse_tails"
+bc = "zero"
+
+[ion_species_1]
+initial_temperature = 0.1
+initial_density = 1.0
+
+[krook_collisions]
+use_krook = true
+
+[vpa]
+ngrid = 6
+discretization = "gausslegendre_pseudospectral"
+nelement = 31
+L = 30.0
+element_spacing_option = "coarse_tails"
+bc = "zero"
+
+[z]
+ngrid = 5
+discretization = "gausslegendre_pseudospectral"
+nelement = 32
+nelement_local = 4
+bc = "wall"
+element_spacing_option = "compressed_2"
+
+[vpa_IC_ion_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+density_amplitude = 1.0
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = 0.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[z_IC_neutral_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_amplitude = 0.001
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = -1.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[composition]
+T_wall = 0.1
+T_e = 0.2
+electron_physics = "kinetic_electrons"
+recycling_fraction = 0.5
+n_ion_species = 1
+n_neutral_species = 1
+
+[vz_IC_neutral_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+density_amplitude = 1.0
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = 0.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[z_IC_ion_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+density_amplitude = 0.001
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = 1.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[neutral_species_1]
+initial_temperature = 1.0
+initial_density = 1.0
+
+[timestepping]
+type = "KennedyCarpenterARK324"
+implicit_electron_advance = false
+implicit_electron_ppar = true
+implicit_ion_advance = false
+implicit_vpa_advection = false
+nstep = 1000000
+dt = 1.0e-5
+nwrite = 1000
+nwrite_dfns = 1000
+steady_state_residual = true
+converged_residual_value = 1.0e-3
+
+#write_after_fixed_step_count = true
+#nstep = 1
+#nwrite = 1
+#nwrite_dfns = 1
+
+[electron_timestepping]
+nstep = 5000000
+#nstep = 1
+dt = 1.0e-5
+#maximum_dt = 1.0e-8
+nwrite = 10000
+nwrite_dfns = 100000
+#type = "SSPRK4"
+type = "Fekete4(3)"
+rtol = 1.0e-3
+atol = 1.0e-14
+minimum_dt = 1.0e-9
+decrease_dt_iteration_threshold = 100
+increase_dt_iteration_threshold = 20
+cap_factor_ion_dt = 10.0
+initialization_residual_value = 2.5
+converged_residual_value = 1.0e-2
+
+#debug_io = 1
+
+[nonlinear_solver]
+nonlinear_max_iterations = 100
+rtol = 1.0e-6 #1.0e-8
+atol = 1.0e-14 #1.0e-16
+linear_restart = 5
+preconditioner_update_interval = 100
+
+[ion_source_1]
+active = true
+z_profile = "gaussian"
+z_width = 0.125
+source_strength = 2.0
+source_T = 2.0
+
+[ion_numerical_dissipation]
+#vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-1
+#vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-2
+#vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-3
+force_minimum_pdf_value = 0.0
+
+[electron_numerical_dissipation]
+#vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 2.0
+force_minimum_pdf_value = 0.0
+
+[neutral_numerical_dissipation]
+#vz_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-1
+#vz_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-2
+#vz_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-3
+force_minimum_pdf_value = 0.0
diff --git a/examples/kinetic-electrons/wall-bc_recyclefraction0.5_split3_kinetic-coarse_tails-compressed-z4-KennedyCarpenterARK324-wall-Jac.toml b/examples/kinetic-electrons/wall-bc_recyclefraction0.5_split3_kinetic-coarse_tails-compressed-z4-KennedyCarpenterARK324-wall-Jac.toml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1acf5c04d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/kinetic-electrons/wall-bc_recyclefraction0.5_split3_kinetic-coarse_tails-compressed-z4-KennedyCarpenterARK324-wall-Jac.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+[r]
+ngrid = 1
+nelement = 1
+
+[evolve_moments]
+parallel_pressure = true
+density = true
+moments_conservation = true
+parallel_flow = true
+
+[reactions]
+electron_ionization_frequency = 0.0
+ionization_frequency = 0.5
+charge_exchange_frequency = 0.75
+
+[vz]
+ngrid = 6
+discretization = "gausslegendre_pseudospectral"
+nelement = 31
+L = 36.0
+element_spacing_option = "coarse_tails"
+bc = "zero"
+
+[ion_species_1]
+initial_temperature = 0.1
+initial_density = 1.0
+
+[krook_collisions]
+use_krook = true
+
+[vpa]
+ngrid = 6
+discretization = "gausslegendre_pseudospectral"
+nelement = 31
+L = 30.0
+element_spacing_option = "coarse_tails"
+bc = "zero"
+
+[z]
+ngrid = 5
+discretization = "gausslegendre_pseudospectral"
+nelement = 32
+nelement_local = 4
+bc = "wall"
+element_spacing_option = "compressed_4"
+
+[vpa_IC_ion_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+density_amplitude = 1.0
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = 0.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[z_IC_neutral_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_amplitude = 0.001
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = -1.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[composition]
+T_wall = 0.1
+T_e = 0.2
+electron_physics = "kinetic_electrons"
+recycling_fraction = 0.5
+n_ion_species = 1
+n_neutral_species = 1
+
+[vz_IC_neutral_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+density_amplitude = 1.0
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = 0.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[z_IC_ion_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+density_amplitude = 0.001
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = 1.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[neutral_species_1]
+initial_temperature = 1.0
+initial_density = 1.0
+
+[timestepping]
+type = "KennedyCarpenterARK324"
+implicit_electron_advance = false
+implicit_electron_ppar = true
+implicit_ion_advance = false
+implicit_vpa_advection = false
+nstep = 1000000
+dt = 1.0e-5
+nwrite = 1000
+nwrite_dfns = 1000
+steady_state_residual = true
+converged_residual_value = 1.0e-3
+
+#write_after_fixed_step_count = true
+#nstep = 1
+#nwrite = 1
+#nwrite_dfns = 1
+
+[electron_timestepping]
+nstep = 5000000
+#nstep = 1
+dt = 1.0e-5
+#maximum_dt = 1.0e-8
+nwrite = 10000
+nwrite_dfns = 100000
+#type = "SSPRK4"
+type = "Fekete4(3)"
+rtol = 1.0e-3
+atol = 1.0e-14
+minimum_dt = 1.0e-9
+decrease_dt_iteration_threshold = 100
+increase_dt_iteration_threshold = 20
+cap_factor_ion_dt = 10.0
+initialization_residual_value = 2.5
+converged_residual_value = 1.0e-2
+include_wall_bc_in_preconditioner = true
+
+#debug_io = 1
+
+[nonlinear_solver]
+nonlinear_max_iterations = 100
+rtol = 1.0e-6 #1.0e-8
+atol = 1.0e-14 #1.0e-16
+linear_restart = 5
+preconditioner_update_interval = 100
+
+[ion_source_1]
+active = true
+z_profile = "gaussian"
+z_width = 0.125
+source_strength = 2.0
+source_T = 2.0
+
+[ion_numerical_dissipation]
+#vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-1
+#vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-2
+#vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-3
+force_minimum_pdf_value = 0.0
+
+[electron_numerical_dissipation]
+#vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 2.0
+force_minimum_pdf_value = 0.0
+
+[neutral_numerical_dissipation]
+#vz_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-1
+#vz_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-2
+#vz_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-3
+force_minimum_pdf_value = 0.0
diff --git a/examples/kinetic-electrons/wall-bc_recyclefraction0.5_split3_kinetic-coarse_tails-compressed-z4-KennedyCarpenterARK324.toml b/examples/kinetic-electrons/wall-bc_recyclefraction0.5_split3_kinetic-coarse_tails-compressed-z4-KennedyCarpenterARK324.toml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba5ae4f24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/kinetic-electrons/wall-bc_recyclefraction0.5_split3_kinetic-coarse_tails-compressed-z4-KennedyCarpenterARK324.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+[r]
+ngrid = 1
+nelement = 1
+
+[evolve_moments]
+parallel_pressure = true
+density = true
+moments_conservation = true
+parallel_flow = true
+
+[reactions]
+electron_ionization_frequency = 0.0
+ionization_frequency = 0.5
+charge_exchange_frequency = 0.75
+
+[vz]
+ngrid = 6
+discretization = "gausslegendre_pseudospectral"
+nelement = 31
+L = 36.0
+element_spacing_option = "coarse_tails"
+bc = "zero"
+
+[ion_species_1]
+initial_temperature = 0.1
+initial_density = 1.0
+
+[krook_collisions]
+use_krook = true
+
+[vpa]
+ngrid = 6
+discretization = "gausslegendre_pseudospectral"
+nelement = 31
+L = 30.0
+element_spacing_option = "coarse_tails"
+bc = "zero"
+
+[z]
+ngrid = 5
+discretization = "gausslegendre_pseudospectral"
+nelement = 32
+nelement_local = 4
+bc = "wall"
+element_spacing_option = "compressed_4"
+
+[vpa_IC_ion_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+density_amplitude = 1.0
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = 0.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[z_IC_neutral_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_amplitude = 0.001
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = -1.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[composition]
+T_wall = 0.1
+T_e = 0.2
+electron_physics = "kinetic_electrons"
+recycling_fraction = 0.5
+n_ion_species = 1
+n_neutral_species = 1
+
+[vz_IC_neutral_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+density_amplitude = 1.0
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = 0.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[z_IC_ion_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+density_amplitude = 0.001
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = 1.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[neutral_species_1]
+initial_temperature = 1.0
+initial_density = 1.0
+
+[timestepping]
+type = "KennedyCarpenterARK324"
+implicit_electron_advance = false
+implicit_electron_ppar = true
+implicit_ion_advance = false
+implicit_vpa_advection = false
+nstep = 1000000
+dt = 1.0e-5
+nwrite = 1000
+nwrite_dfns = 1000
+steady_state_residual = true
+converged_residual_value = 1.0e-3
+
+#write_after_fixed_step_count = true
+#nstep = 1
+#nwrite = 1
+#nwrite_dfns = 1
+
+[electron_timestepping]
+nstep = 5000000
+#nstep = 1
+dt = 1.0e-5
+#maximum_dt = 1.0e-8
+nwrite = 10000
+nwrite_dfns = 100000
+#type = "SSPRK4"
+type = "Fekete4(3)"
+rtol = 1.0e-3
+atol = 1.0e-14
+minimum_dt = 1.0e-9
+decrease_dt_iteration_threshold = 100
+increase_dt_iteration_threshold = 20
+cap_factor_ion_dt = 10.0
+initialization_residual_value = 2.5
+converged_residual_value = 1.0e-2
+
+#debug_io = 1
+
+[nonlinear_solver]
+nonlinear_max_iterations = 100
+rtol = 1.0e-6 #1.0e-8
+atol = 1.0e-14 #1.0e-16
+linear_restart = 5
+preconditioner_update_interval = 100
+
+[ion_source_1]
+active = true
+z_profile = "gaussian"
+z_width = 0.125
+source_strength = 2.0
+source_T = 2.0
+
+[ion_numerical_dissipation]
+#vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-1
+#vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-2
+#vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-3
+force_minimum_pdf_value = 0.0
+
+[electron_numerical_dissipation]
+#vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 2.0
+force_minimum_pdf_value = 0.0
+
+[neutral_numerical_dissipation]
+#vz_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-1
+#vz_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-2
+#vz_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-3
+force_minimum_pdf_value = 0.0
diff --git a/examples/kinetic-electrons/wall-bc_recyclefraction0.5_split3_kinetic-coarse_tails-uniform-z-KennedyCarpenterARK324-wall-Jac.toml b/examples/kinetic-electrons/wall-bc_recyclefraction0.5_split3_kinetic-coarse_tails-uniform-z-KennedyCarpenterARK324-wall-Jac.toml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19bad4f94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/kinetic-electrons/wall-bc_recyclefraction0.5_split3_kinetic-coarse_tails-uniform-z-KennedyCarpenterARK324-wall-Jac.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+[r]
+ngrid = 1
+nelement = 1
+
+[evolve_moments]
+parallel_pressure = true
+density = true
+moments_conservation = true
+parallel_flow = true
+
+[reactions]
+electron_ionization_frequency = 0.0
+ionization_frequency = 0.5
+charge_exchange_frequency = 0.75
+
+[vz]
+ngrid = 6
+discretization = "gausslegendre_pseudospectral"
+nelement = 31
+L = 36.0
+element_spacing_option = "coarse_tails"
+bc = "zero"
+
+[ion_species_1]
+initial_temperature = 0.1
+initial_density = 1.0
+
+[krook_collisions]
+use_krook = true
+
+[vpa]
+ngrid = 6
+discretization = "gausslegendre_pseudospectral"
+nelement = 31
+L = 30.0
+element_spacing_option = "coarse_tails"
+bc = "zero"
+
+[z]
+ngrid = 5
+discretization = "gausslegendre_pseudospectral"
+nelement = 32
+nelement_local = 4
+#nelement_local = 8
+#nelement_local = 16
+bc = "wall"
+
+[vpa_IC_ion_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+density_amplitude = 1.0
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = 0.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[z_IC_neutral_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_amplitude = 0.001
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = -1.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[composition]
+T_wall = 0.1
+T_e = 0.2
+electron_physics = "kinetic_electrons"
+recycling_fraction = 0.5
+n_ion_species = 1
+n_neutral_species = 1
+
+[vz_IC_neutral_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+density_amplitude = 1.0
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = 0.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[z_IC_ion_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+density_amplitude = 0.001
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = 1.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[neutral_species_1]
+initial_temperature = 1.0
+initial_density = 1.0
+
+[timestepping]
+type = "KennedyCarpenterARK324"
+implicit_electron_advance = false
+implicit_electron_ppar = true
+implicit_ion_advance = false
+implicit_vpa_advection = false
+nstep = 1000000
+dt = 1.0e-5
+nwrite = 1000
+nwrite_dfns = 1000
+steady_state_residual = true
+converged_residual_value = 1.0e-3
+
+#write_after_fixed_step_count = true
+#nstep = 1
+#nwrite = 1
+#nwrite_dfns = 1
+
+[electron_timestepping]
+nstep = 5000000
+#nstep = 1
+dt = 1.0e-5
+#maximum_dt = 1.0e-8
+nwrite = 10 #10000
+nwrite_dfns = 10 #100000
+#type = "SSPRK4"
+type = "Fekete4(3)"
+rtol = 1.0e-3
+atol = 1.0e-14
+minimum_dt = 1.0e-9
+decrease_dt_iteration_threshold = 100
+increase_dt_iteration_threshold = 20
+cap_factor_ion_dt = 10.0
+initialization_residual_value = 2.5
+converged_residual_value = 1.0e-2
+include_wall_bc_in_preconditioner = true
+
+#debug_io = 1
+
+[nonlinear_solver]
+nonlinear_max_iterations = 100
+rtol = 1.0e-6 #1.0e-8
+atol = 1.0e-14 #1.0e-16
+linear_restart = 5
+preconditioner_update_interval = 100
+
+[ion_source_1]
+active = true
+z_profile = "gaussian"
+z_width = 0.125
+source_strength = 2.0
+source_T = 2.0
+
+[ion_numerical_dissipation]
+#vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-1
+#vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-2
+#vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-3
+force_minimum_pdf_value = 0.0
+
+[electron_numerical_dissipation]
+#vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 2.0
+force_minimum_pdf_value = 0.0
+
+[neutral_numerical_dissipation]
+#vz_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-1
+#vz_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-2
+#vz_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-3
+force_minimum_pdf_value = 0.0
diff --git a/examples/kinetic-electrons/wall-bc_recyclefraction0.5_split3_kinetic-coarse_tails-uniform-z-KennedyCarpenterARK324.toml b/examples/kinetic-electrons/wall-bc_recyclefraction0.5_split3_kinetic-coarse_tails-uniform-z-KennedyCarpenterARK324.toml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..052649878
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/kinetic-electrons/wall-bc_recyclefraction0.5_split3_kinetic-coarse_tails-uniform-z-KennedyCarpenterARK324.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+[r]
+ngrid = 1
+nelement = 1
+
+[evolve_moments]
+parallel_pressure = true
+density = true
+moments_conservation = true
+parallel_flow = true
+
+[reactions]
+electron_ionization_frequency = 0.0
+ionization_frequency = 0.5
+charge_exchange_frequency = 0.75
+
+[vz]
+ngrid = 6
+discretization = "gausslegendre_pseudospectral"
+nelement = 31
+L = 36.0
+element_spacing_option = "coarse_tails"
+bc = "zero"
+
+[ion_species_1]
+initial_temperature = 0.1
+initial_density = 1.0
+
+[krook_collisions]
+use_krook = true
+
+[vpa]
+ngrid = 6
+discretization = "gausslegendre_pseudospectral"
+nelement = 31
+L = 30.0
+element_spacing_option = "coarse_tails"
+bc = "zero"
+
+[z]
+ngrid = 5
+discretization = "gausslegendre_pseudospectral"
+nelement = 32
+nelement_local = 4
+#nelement_local = 8
+#nelement_local = 16
+bc = "wall"
+
+[vpa_IC_ion_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+density_amplitude = 1.0
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = 0.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[z_IC_neutral_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_amplitude = 0.001
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = -1.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[composition]
+T_wall = 0.1
+T_e = 0.2
+electron_physics = "kinetic_electrons"
+recycling_fraction = 0.5
+n_ion_species = 1
+n_neutral_species = 1
+
+[vz_IC_neutral_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+density_amplitude = 1.0
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = 0.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[z_IC_ion_species_1]
+initialization_option = "gaussian"
+density_amplitude = 0.001
+temperature_amplitude = 0.0
+density_phase = 0.0
+upar_amplitude = 1.0
+temperature_phase = 0.0
+upar_phase = 0.0
+
+[neutral_species_1]
+initial_temperature = 1.0
+initial_density = 1.0
+
+[timestepping]
+type = "KennedyCarpenterARK324"
+implicit_electron_advance = false
+implicit_electron_ppar = true
+implicit_ion_advance = false
+implicit_vpa_advection = false
+nstep = 1000000
+dt = 1.0e-5
+nwrite = 1000
+nwrite_dfns = 1000
+steady_state_residual = true
+converged_residual_value = 1.0e-3
+
+#write_after_fixed_step_count = true
+#nstep = 1
+#nwrite = 1
+#nwrite_dfns = 1
+
+[electron_timestepping]
+nstep = 5000000
+#nstep = 1
+dt = 1.0e-5
+#maximum_dt = 1.0e-8
+nwrite = 10 #10000
+nwrite_dfns = 10 #100000
+#type = "SSPRK4"
+type = "Fekete4(3)"
+rtol = 1.0e-3
+atol = 1.0e-14
+minimum_dt = 1.0e-9
+decrease_dt_iteration_threshold = 100
+increase_dt_iteration_threshold = 20
+cap_factor_ion_dt = 10.0
+initialization_residual_value = 2.5
+converged_residual_value = 1.0e-2
+
+#debug_io = 1
+
+[nonlinear_solver]
+nonlinear_max_iterations = 100
+rtol = 1.0e-6 #1.0e-8
+atol = 1.0e-14 #1.0e-16
+linear_restart = 5
+preconditioner_update_interval = 100
+
+[ion_source_1]
+active = true
+z_profile = "gaussian"
+z_width = 0.125
+source_strength = 2.0
+source_T = 2.0
+
+[ion_numerical_dissipation]
+#vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-1
+#vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-2
+#vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-3
+force_minimum_pdf_value = 0.0
+
+[electron_numerical_dissipation]
+#vpa_dissipation_coefficient = 2.0
+force_minimum_pdf_value = 0.0
+
+[neutral_numerical_dissipation]
+#vz_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-1
+#vz_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-2
+#vz_dissipation_coefficient = 1.0e-3
+force_minimum_pdf_value = 0.0