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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en" xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<?php require_once('_defaultheaders.php'); ?>
<title>The Node Beginner Book - A comprehensive Node.js tutorial</title>
<meta name="description" content="A comprehensive Node.js tutorial for beginners: Learn how to build a full blown web application with server-side JavaScript" />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="The Node Beginner Book">
<meta property="og:locale" content="en_US">
<meta property="og:type" content="book">
<meta property="fb:profile_id" content="1144782312">
<meta property="fb:app_id" content="150404395523663">
<meta property="book:author" content="https://www.facebook.com/NodeBeginner/">
<meta property="book:isbn" content="9781471628443">
<meta property="book:tag" content="Node.js">
<meta property="book:tag" content="JavaScript">
<meta property="book:tag" content="Programming">
<meta property="book:tag" content="Software">
<meta property="book:tag" content="Tutorial">
<meta property="fb:pages" content="319963981788483">
<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.nodebeginner.org">
<meta property="og:title" content="The Node Beginner Book">
<meta property="og:image" content='https://www.nodebeginner.org/nodebeginner_org-opengraph-image.png'>
<meta property="og:image:secure_url" content='https://www.nodebeginner.org/nodebeginner_org-opengraph-image.png'>
<meta property="og:image:width" content="1200">
<meta property="og:image:height" content="630">
<meta property="og:description" content='A comprehensive and elegant introduction to the world of Node.js software development for absolute beginners.'>
<style>
body {
font-family: 'Georgia', serif;
background-color: #eee;
padding-top: 0px;
}
h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
}
#outermost {
width: 860px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
#forkmeongithub img {
z-index: 5;
position: absolute;
top: 0;
right: 0;
border: 0;
}
#book, #disqus_thread, #footer {
margin: 0 auto;
margin-top: 24px;
margin-bottom: 100px;
padding: 64px;
background-color: white;
border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
border-left: 1px solid #ddd;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
border-right: 1px solid #ddd;
z-index: 100;
box-shadow: 14px 11px 27px #888;
}
#book {
margin-top: 94px;
}
#author {
margin-top: -46px;
margin-left: 279px;
color: #888;
font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
font-size: 100%;
font-style: normal;
}
#workinprogressnote p {
font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
color: #700;
text-align: center;
}
#buybox, #buybox-inner, #translations {
font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
font-size: 13px;
color: #fff;
text-align: center;
padding: 8px;
padding-left: 32px;
padding-right: 32px;
border-radius: 8px;
box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #444;
position: relative;
margin-bottom: 20px;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
width: 100%;
background-color: #555;
}
#sitenav {
background-color: #fff;
text-align: center;
margin-top: 32px;
margin-bottom: 16px;
padding: 16px;
}
#sitenav-inner {
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
font-size: 13px;
}
#sitenav-inner a {
text-decoration: none;
}
#sitenav-inner a:hover {
text-decoration: underline;
}
#translations {
max-width: 640px;
}
#translations table {
margin: 0 auto;
}
#translations img {
border: none;
}
#translations td {
text-align: left;
vertical-align: top;
}
#translations a {
text-decoration: none;
color: #fff;
}
#translations .flag {
margin-top: 20px;
vertical-align: middle;
padding-top: 4px;
}
#translations .text {
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: middle;
margin-right: 24px;
}
#buybox {
background: none;
border: none;
box-shadow: none;
padding: 0;
}
#buybox-inner {
padding-bottom: 20px;
display: block;
margin: 0 auto;
max-width: 640px;
}
#buybox-inner.cn {
float: none;
padding-bottom: 20px;
display: block;
margin: 0 auto;
}
#buybox-inner .cover {
width: 170px;
display: table-cell;
padding-right: 0px;
padding-left: 16px;
vertical-align: top;
align: center;
color: #bbb;
}
#buybox-inner .cover img {
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box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.4), inset -1px 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.4);
-moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.4), inset -1px 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.4);
-webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.4), inset -1px 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.4);
}
#buybox-inner .description {
width: 260px;
display: table-cell;
padding-right: 16px;
padding-left: 16px;
vertical-align: top;
text-align: center;
}
#buybox-inner strong.price {
font-size: 18pt;
color: #14d014;
}
#buybox-inner strong.price.dollarsign {
font-weight: normal;
}
.price sup {
font-size: 10pt;
font-weight: normal;
}
#buybox-inner .buy {
display: table-cell;
vertical-align: top;
color: #bbb;
}
#buybox-inner .button, #salespitch .button {
padding: 8px;
margin-top: 26px;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
width: 140px;
border: 1px solid #444;
border-radius: 6px;
background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #14d014, #029302);
background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, center top, center bottom, from(#14d014), to(#029302));
box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.4), inset -1px 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.4);
-moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.4), inset -1px 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.4);
-webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.4), inset -1px 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.4);
text-align: center;
font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
}
.buttonlink {
text-decoration: none;
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 15px;
color: #fff;
text-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em #666;
}
#donate p {
font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
text-align: center;
}
#paypal fieldset {
border: 0;
}
#disqus_thread {
font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
}
#footer {
font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
background-color: #f5f5f5;
margin-top: 100px;
}
#footer p {
text-align: center;
font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
font-size: 11px;
}
#ccimage {
float: left;
margin-left: 30px;
margin-right: 0;
margin-top: 20px;
}
#praise {
position: absolute;
top: 120px;
right: 40px;
width: 204px;
font-style: italic;
color: #aaa;
z-index: -1;
text-align: right;
}
#praise .praise {
margin-bottom: 25px;
}
#praise .author {
font-style: normal;
font-size: 75%;
}
#table-of-contents-headline {
margin-top: 48px;
color: #700;
font-size: 160%;
font-weight: bold;
}
#book #table-of-contents {
margin-left: -24px;
font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
}
#book #table-of-contents ul li {
font-size: 100%;
margin-left: 0;
list-style-type: none;
}
#book #table-of-contents ul {
padding-left: 24px;
margin-top: 12px;
margin-left: 0;
margin-bottom: 36px;
}
h1 {
margin-left: -63px;
margin-top: -109px;
font-size: 300%;
color: #700;
font-style: italic;
font-weight: bold;
}
h2 {
margin-top: 64px;
font-size: 180%;
}
h3 {
font-size: 160%;
}
h4 {
font-size: 140%;
}
h5 {
font-size: 120%;
}
h3, h4, h5 {
margin-top: 36px;
}
h2, h3, h4, h5 {
color: #700;
font-weight: bold;
margin-bottom: 36px;
}
#salespitch {
font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
width: 90%;
max-width: 640px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
#salespitch .bundle-book {
overflow: hidden;
}
#salespitch .bundle-book-image {
width: 100px;
float: left;
}
#salespitch .bundle-book-image img {
box-shadow: 2px 2px 1px #bbb;
}
#salespitch .bundle-book-text {
overflow: hidden;
}
#salespitch .bundle-book-connection {
text-align: center;
font-size: 36pt;
font-weight: bolder;
color: #6b6;
margin-top: -16px;
margin-bottom: 8px;
}
#authorimage {
float: right;
padding-left: 32px;
padding-bottom: 4px;
}
#salespitch .box {
text-align: center;
width: 200px;
background-color: #eee;
border-radius: 16px;
padding: 32px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
#salespitch .box .subinfo {
font-size: 10pt;
color: #777;
}
#salespitch .box .subinfo strong {
font-size: 14pt;
color: #080;
}
#bubble {
border: 1px solid #999;
border-radius: 16px;
padding: 32px;
background-color: #ffe;
margin-bottom: 60px;
}
#salespitch .orbox {
width: 200px;
margin: 0 auto;
text-align: center;
padding: 24px;
}
#hiddenhalf {
opacity: 0.075;
}
#book p {
text-align: justify;
font-size: 110%;
line-height: 150%;
margin-bottom: 48px;
margin-top: -22px;
}
pre {
font-family: 'Source Code Pro', Menlo, Monaco, Courier, monospace;
background-color: #f7f7f7;
border: 1px solid #eee;
padding: 16px;
margin-bottom: 64px;
margin-top: -24px;
font-size: 14px;
white-space: pre-wrap; /* Since CSS 2.1 */
white-space: -moz-pre-wrap; /* Mozilla, since 1999 */
white-space: -pre-wrap; /* Opera 4-6 */
white-space: -o-pre-wrap; /* Opera 7 */
word-wrap: break-word; /* Internet Explorer 5.5+ */
}
pre.prettyprint {
background-color: #f7f7f7;
border: 1px solid #eee;
padding: 16px;
margin-bottom: 64px;
margin-top: -24px;
font-size: 14px;
}
#book div ul {
margin-top: -24px;
margin-bottom: 48px;
}
#salespitch div ul {
margin-top: 22px;
}
#book div ul li {
margin-bottom: 12px;
font-size: 110%;
}
blockquote {
font-style: italic;
}
/* Prettify */
.str {
color: #080
}
.kwd {
color: #008
}
.com {
color: #800
}
.typ {
color: #606
}
.lit {
color: #066
}
.pun {
color: #660
}
.pln {
color: #000
}
.tag {
color: #008
}
.atn {
color: #606
}
.atv {
color: #080
}
.dec {
color: #606
}
ol.linenums {
margin-top: 0;
margin-bottom: 0
}
li.L0, li.L1, li.L2, li.L3, li.L5, li.L6, li.L7, li.L8 {
list-style: none
}
li.L1, li.L3, li.L5, li.L7, li.L9 {
background: #eee
}
.sales-testimonials-box {
background-color: white;
padding: 32px;
overflow: hidden;
margin: -32px;
margin-top: 32px;
border-radius: 16px;
}
.sales-testimonial {
clear: both;
}
.sales-testimonial div.text {
background-color: #fbfbfb;
color: #202020;
border: 1px solid #eee;
border-radius: 16px;
padding: 28px 44px 28px 64px;
font-size: 18px;
}
.sales-testimonial span.quotationmark-start {
display: inline-block;
font-size: 98px;
color: #dfdfdf;
line-height: 0;
padding-top: 28px;
float: left;
position: absolute;
font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;
margin-left: -44px;
}
.sales-testimonial span.quotationmark-end {
display: inline-block;
font-size: 98px;
color: #dfdfdf;
line-height: 0;
padding-top: 45px;
float: left;
position: absolute;
font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;
padding-left: 6px;
}
.sales-testimonial div.image {
display: inline-block;
float: left;
padding-top: 11px;
padding-left: 3px;
margin-bottom: 48px;
}
.sales-testimonial div.image.right {
float: right;
}
.sales-testimonial div.author {
display: inline-block;
float: left;
margin-top: 14px;
margin-left: 16px;
margin-right: 16px;
font-size: 20px;
font-weight: bold;
color: #0084B4;
}
.sales-testimonial span.source {
font-weight: normal;
color: #777;
}
.sales-testimonial div.author.right {
float: right;
}
@media only print {
#book {
margin-top: 60px;
}
#book, #footer {
border: none;
box-shadow: none;
}
#footer {
border-top: 1px solid black;
}
#translations {
display: none;
}
#buybox-inner {
display: none;
}
#disqus_thread {
display: none;
}
#forkmeongithub {
display: none;
}
#praise {
display: none;
}
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 1440px) {
#praise {
display: none;
}
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 960px) {
#praise {
display: none;
}
#outermost {
max-width: 720px;
}
#buybox, #buybox-inner, #translations {
font-size: 17px;
}
#sitenav-inner a {
display: block;
font-size: 18px;
margin-bottom: 4px;
}
#footer p {
font-size: 18px;
}
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<p><a href="blog/">More Node.js tutorials: <strong>The Node Beginner Blog</strong></a></p>
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<article>
<h1>The Node Beginner Book</h1>
<address id="author">A Node.js tutorial by <a href="https://twitter.com/manuelkiessling" rel="author">Manuel Kiessling</a></address>
<section>
<a name="about"></a>
<h2>About</h2>
<p>
The aim of this document is to get you started with developing
applications with Node.js, teaching you everything you need to
know about "advanced" JavaScript along the way. It goes way
beyond your typical "Hello World" tutorial.
</p>
</section>
<section>
<a name="status"></a>
<h3>Status</h3>
<p>
You are reading the final version of this book, i.e., updates are only
done to correct errors or to reflect changes in new versions of Node.js.
It was last updated on June 5, 2017.
</p>
<p>
The code samples in this book are tested to work with both the
Long Term Support version 6.10.3 as well as the most current 8.0.0 version
of Node.js.
</p>
<p>
This site allows you to read the first 19 pages of this book
for free.
The complete text is available as a DRM-free eBook (PDF, ePub and
Kindle format). More info is available <a href="#salespitch">at the
end of the free part</a>.
</p>
</section>
<section>
<a name="intended-audience"></a>
<h3>Intended audience</h3>
<p>
This document will probably fit best for readers that have a
background similar to my own: experienced with at least one
object-oriented language like Ruby, Python, PHP or Java, only little
experience with JavaScript, and completely new to Node.js.
</p>
<p>
Aiming at developers that already have experience with other
programming languages means that this document won't cover
really basic stuff like data types, variables, control structures
and the likes. You already need to know about these to understand
this document.
</p>
<p>
However, because functions and objects in JavaScript are different
from their counterparts in most other languages, these will be
explained in more detail.
</p>
</section>
<section>
<a name="structure"></a>
<h3>Structure of this document</h3>
<p>
Upon finishing this document, you will have created a complete web
application which allows the users of this application to view web
pages and upload files.
</p>
<p>
Which, of course, is not exactly
world-changing, but we will go some extra miles and not only create
the code that is "just enough" to make these use cases possible,
but create a simple, yet complete framework to cleanly separate the
different aspects of our application. You will see what I mean in a
minute.
</p>
<p>
We will start with looking at how JavaScript development in Node.js
is different from JavaScript development in a browser.
</p>
<p>
Next, we will stay with the good old tradition of writing a "Hello
World" application, which is a most basic Node.js application that
"does" something.
</p>
<p>
Then, we will discuss what kind of "real" application we want to
build, dissect the different parts which need to be implemented to
assemble this application, and start working on each of these parts
step-by-step.
</p>
<p>
As promised, along the way we will learn about some of the more
advanced concepts of JavaScript, how to make use of them, and
look at why it makes sense to use these concepts instead of
those we know from other programming languages.
</p>
<p>
The source code of the finished application is available through
<a href="https://github.com/ManuelKiessling/NodeBeginnerBook/tree/master/code/application">the
NodeBeginnerBook Github repository</a>.
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Table of contents</h3>
<div id="table-of-contents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#about">About</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#status">Status</a></li>
<li><a href="#intended-audience">Intended audience</a></li>
<li><a href="#structure">Structure of this document</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#javascript-and-nodejs">JavaScript and Node.js</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#javascript-and-you">JavaScript and You</a></li>
<li><a href="#a-word-of-warning">A word of warning</a></li>
<li><a href="#server-side-javascript">Server-side JavaScript</a></li>
<li><a href="#hello-world">"Hello World"</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#a-full-blown-web-application-with-nodejs">A full blown web application with Node.js</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#the-use-cases">The use cases</a></li>
<li><a href="#the-application-stack">The application stack</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#building-the-application-stack">Building the application stack</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#a-basic-http-server">A basic HTTP server</a></li>
<li><a href="#analyzing-our-http-server">Analyzing our HTTP server</a></li>
<li><a href="#passing-functions-around">Passing functions around</a></li>
<li><a href="#how-function-passing-makes-our-http-server-work">How function passing makes our
HTTP server work</a></li>
<li><br/><strong>Chapters available in the <a href="https://leanpub.com/b/node-beginner-and-craftsman-bundle">full book</a>:</strong><br/><br/>
<li>Event-driven asynchronous callbacks</li>
<li>How our server handles requests</li>
<li>Finding a place for our server module</li>
<li>What's needed to "route" requests?</li>
<li>Execution in the kingdom of verbs</li>
<li>Routing to real request handlers</li>
<li>Making the request handlers respond
<ul>
<li>How to not do it</li>
<li>Blocking and non-blocking</li>
<li>Responding request handlers with non-blocking operation</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Serving something useful
<ul>
<li>Handling POST requests</li>
<li>Handling file uploads</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Conclusion and outlook</li>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<a name="javascript-and-nodejs"></a>
<h2>JavaScript and Node.js</h2>