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<p>关于模型类的理解，其实模型类是建立在DB类的QueryBuilder上面，将其查询结果赋值在模型的属性上，一条查询结果，便是独立的模型类。这里依然是举例子作分析。</p>
<h4 id="基本查询"><a href="#基本查询" class="headerlink" title="基本查询"></a>基本查询</h4><p>首先以 User::where(‘user_id’,1)->get() 作为基本分析。所有的模型类都是继承基类Model的,当执行where 方法时，本质都是执行的__call 方法，而最终执行的是 newQuery()->where。</p>
<figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//实例化调用 (new User())->where</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">__call</span><span class="params">($method, $parameters)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>{ </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (in_array($method, [<span class="string">'increment'</span>, <span class="string">'decrement'</span>])) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> call_user_func_array([<span class="keyword">$this</span>, $method], $parameters);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//获取模型的查询列</span></span><br><span class="line"> $query = <span class="keyword">$this</span>->newQuery();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> call_user_func_array([$query, $method], $parameters);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//静态调用user::where</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">__callStatic</span><span class="params">($method, $parameters)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>{ </span><br><span class="line"> $instance = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="keyword">static</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> call_user_func_array([$instance, $method], $parameters);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<a id="more"></a>
<p>执行newQuery()方法，获取模型的查询类。注意点 newBaseQueryBuilder实质就是<font color="red">Illuminate\Database\Query\Builder类</font>，用来将获取真正的查询结果集。这里将DB类的Query\Builder传入newEloquentBuilder()方法中,返回模型的Eloquent\Builder类<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">newQuery</span><span class="params">()</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>{ </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//或取Eloquent\Builder类</span></span><br><span class="line"> $builder = <span class="keyword">$this</span>->newQueryWithoutScopes();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//应用全局Scope查询域，这里主要是软删除</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">$this</span>->applyGlobalScopes($builder);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">newQueryWithoutScopes</span><span class="params">()</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>{ </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//获取Eloquent\Builder类</span></span><br><span class="line"> $builder = <span class="keyword">$this</span>->newEloquentBuilder(</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//Query\Builder</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">$this</span>->newBaseQueryBuilder()</span><br><span class="line"> );</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//储存with数据</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//Eloquent\Builder中的model属性设置为当前User类，并</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> $builder->setModel(<span class="keyword">$this</span>)->with(<span class="keyword">$this</span>->with);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><br>然后执行Eloquent\Builder中的where(‘user_id’,1)方法，可以清楚的看到就是执行当前模型中所绑定的Query\Builder类的where方法(这里实际上就是DB类的查询原理了)。<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">where</span><span class="params">($column, $operator = null, $value = null, $boolean = <span class="string">'and'</span>)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>{</span><br><span class="line"> ....</span><br><span class="line"> call_user_func_array([<span class="keyword">$this</span>->query, <span class="string">'where'</span>], func_get_args());</span><br><span class="line"> ....</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">$this</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><br>最后执行get方法，当getModels方法执行完毕时，结果集就已经获取完毕。 getModels主要做了三件事： </p>
<ul>
<li>$this->query->get ,直接获取数据集</li>
<li>获取当前模型对应的连接名 </li>
<li>将数据写入User模型里相关属性里,hydrate方法返回一个框架封装的Collection集合类,调用集合的all方法则将集合转为数组（Note: user模型类不变）</li>
<li></li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//获取结果集</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">get</span><span class="params">($columns = [<span class="string">'*'</span>])</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> $models = <span class="keyword">$this</span>->getModels($columns);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//with 查询</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (count($models) > <span class="number">0</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//with多个模型数据组装,</span></span><br><span class="line"> $models = <span class="keyword">$this</span>->eagerLoadRelations($models);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">$this</span>->model->newCollection($models);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">getModels</span><span class="params">($columns = [<span class="string">'*'</span>])</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>{</span><br><span class="line"> $results = <span class="keyword">$this</span>->query->get($columns);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> $connection = <span class="keyword">$this</span>->model->getConnectionName();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//hydrate方法返回一个Collection类</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// Collection {</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// items: array:1 [</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 0 => User { }</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// ]</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// }</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">$this</span>->model->hydrate($results, $connection)->all();</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="with查询"><a href="#with查询" class="headerlink" title="with查询"></a>with查询</h4><p>User::where(‘user_id’,1)->with(‘depa’)->get()与 User::with(‘depa’)->where(‘user_id’,1)->get()执行结果虽然一致，但流程是不同的。</p>
<p>前者执行的是Eloquent\Builder上的with方法<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">with</span><span class="params">($relations)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (is_string($relations)) {</span><br><span class="line"> $relations = func_get_args();</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> $eagers = <span class="keyword">$this</span>->parseRelations($relations);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">$this</span>->eagerLoad = array_merge(<span class="keyword">$this</span>->eagerLoad, $eagers);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">$this</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><br>后者执行的Eloquent\Model上的with方法,但最终还是通过获取newQuery实例(即 Eloquent\Builder)，然后继续执行with方法<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">with</span><span class="params">($relations)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (is_string($relations)) {</span><br><span class="line"> $relations = func_get_args();</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> $instance = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="keyword">static</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> $instance->newQuery()->with($relations);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><br>$this->eagerLoad 将需要渴求式加载的模型方法存入当前Builder类中,这里的eagerLoad实际上是一个由关系名对应的空闭包组成的数组<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">$this</span>->eagerLoad = [</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">'depa'</span>=> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span><span class="params">()</span></span>{ },</span><br><span class="line"> ......</span><br><span class="line"> ]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><br>eagerLoadRelations方法中的loadRelation方法，这里传入的就是[User], ‘depa’, function(){} 这三个参数。<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">loadRelation</span><span class="params">(array $models, $name, Closure $constraints)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>{</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> $relation = <span class="keyword">$this</span>->getRelation($name);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 为关联关系限定查询条件 </span></span><br><span class="line"> $relation->addEagerConstraints($models); </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> call_user_func($constraints, $relation);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//为当前模型设置relations 数组，默认为null。 这里是relations['depa'] =null,</span></span><br><span class="line"> $models = $relation->initRelation($models, $name);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//通过关联关系，获取查询结果集</span></span><br><span class="line"> $results = $relation->getEager();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> $relation->match($models, $results, $name);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>首先getRelation方法，根据User中定义的depa关联方法，返回一个hasOne的关联模型类（例子中用的hasOne）<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">getRelation</span><span class="params">($name)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>{</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> $relation = Relation::noConstraints(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="params">()</span> <span class="title">use</span> <span class="params">($name)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">$this</span>->getModel()->$name();</span><br><span class="line"> });</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//是否嵌套关联,如with('depa.creator')</span></span><br><span class="line"> $nested = <span class="keyword">$this</span>->nestedRelations($name);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (count($nested) > <span class="number">0</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> $relation->getQuery()->with($nested);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> $relation;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//返回结果</span></span><br><span class="line">HasOne { </span><br><span class="line"> foreignKey: <span class="string">"department.department_id"</span></span><br><span class="line"> localKey: <span class="string">"depa_id"</span></span><br><span class="line"> query: Builder {}</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">parent</span>: User {}</span><br><span class="line"> related: Department {}</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><br>getEager方法,执行get并触发魔术方法，实质是执行Eloquent\Builder->get()方法。<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">getEager</span><span class="params">()</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">$this</span>->get();</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">__call</span><span class="params">($method, $parameters)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>{</span><br><span class="line"> $result = call_user_func_array([<span class="keyword">$this</span>->query, $method], $parameters);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> ($result === <span class="keyword">$this</span>->query) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">$this</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> $result;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><br>为关联关系限定查询条件 $relation->addEagerConstraints($models)。我们的例子中with(‘depa’)在实际查询中，对应的是where(depa_id = User->depa_id),那么这个查询的限定就是通过addEagerConstraints实现的<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">addEagerConstraints</span><span class="params">(array $models)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>{ </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//获取外键depa_id, 获取所有models(可以是多个User模型)中对应的关联键中的值,相当于array_column('depa_id',[User,User])</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//执行 whereIn('depa_id',[1,2,3...]);</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">$this</span>->query->whereIn(<span class="keyword">$this</span>->foreignKey, <span class="keyword">$this</span>->getKeys($models, <span class="keyword">$this</span>->localKey));</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>最终将获取的数据写入当前User模型的relations 数组中。</p>
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