enhance: Refactor the expression grammar to improve parsing performance

[xiaocai2333]

issue: #36672

Refactored the ANTLR g4 grammar to improve parsing efficiency:

• Streamlined rule definitions to eliminate ambiguities.
• Optimized chain comparisons and operator precedence handling.
• Reduced redundant parsing paths for logical and arithmetic expressions.

These changes result in faster parser generation and runtime performance.

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[xiaocai2333]

Benchmark: 100 range expressions now parse in 1.3ms, down from 11ms.

• before

BenchmarkA-12    	      99	  11451698 ns/op

• after:

BenchmarkA-12    	     819	   1308241 ns/op

[mergify]

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 85.79235% with 104 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 80.08%. Comparing base (0988807) to head (35a1d5c).
Report is 13 commits behind head on master.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
internal/parser/planparserv2/parser_visitor.go	85.79%	71 Missing and 33 partials ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master   #39875      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   80.11%   80.08%   -0.03%     
==========================================
  Files        1486     1488       +2     
  Lines      205387   205655     +268     
==========================================
+ Hits       164540   164701     +161     
- Misses      34919    35011      +92     
- Partials     5928     5943      +15     

Components	Coverage Δ
Client	79.24% <ø> (-0.04%)	⬇️
Core	69.39% <ø> (ø)
Go	81.81% <85.79%> (-0.04%)	⬇️

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
internal/parser/planparserv2/parser_visitor.go	86.75% <85.79%> (+0.54%)	⬆️

... and 70 files with indirect coverage changes

[mergify]

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