[charts] Generate chart images on the backend / from an HTTP API

[oliviertassinari]

Summary

This issue is about solving the need to render charts in non-browser environments. In those environments, we need to generate images, but without access to a browser. So it's not the same as #11746.

The common use cases for this are:

• email reports
• ?

The use case for low-performance browsers should be covered by #12180.

Examples

• StateOfX surveys need to generate images for charts New App: Charts Devographics/Monorepo#242
• Metabase needs to generate images for charts in email reports (pulse). They have some sort of a logic for it https://github.com/metabase/metabase/blob/19a7c4e2d92642a398d795cf0c23fc92f709e513/src/metabase/pulse/render/png.clj

https://app.frontapp.com/open/cnv_17jtc13q

• https://www.highcharts.com/docs/export-module/setting-up-the-server

  Why: https://github.com/highcharts/node-export-server?tab=readme-ov-file#use-cases

  The main use case for the export server is situations where headless conversion of charts are required. Common use cases include automatic report generation, static caching, and for including charts in e.g. presentations, or other documents.

• QuickChart https://quickchart.io/ compatible with the chart.js AP, by https://twitter.com/iwebst/status/1633576480176496641.

• Google Image Charts: https://groups.google.com/g/google-chart-api/c/rZtHTyYgyXI. But the service is shutting down.